In order to examine the availability of color developing for prepared persimmon extract powder dyes, purified and freeze-dried powder from immature persimmon fruit. The cotton fabrics dyed with 1% concentration of powder dyes. This study was conducted to examine into the color developing effects of the powder dye for the dyed cotton fabrics irradiated with xenon light. Powder dye is difficult to dissolve in water resulting in a colloidal and viscous solution. The problem of solubility in water was resolved by setting the dyeing conditions by wetting the dye with alcohol in advance and dissolving in warm water(50 60 ). Samples had no alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes showed high ∼℃ color developing effect( E △ * , K/S). Samples showed decreased E △ * , K/S with increased alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes. Samples that had alkaline effects displayed easy early color developing to be advantageous in the process of natural pattern in art work.


Abstract Many languages that display Differential Object Marking (DOM) and Clitic Doubling (CD), like Spanish and Romanian, show specificity restrictions in both grammatical environments. This paper is devoted to the problem of explaining why specificity effects are present in those constructions. I intend to give an answer to two interrelated questions: (i) What kind of connection holds between the two kinds of object marking?; (ii) How do specificity effects arise in both cases? An answer to question (i) involves a reexamination of the fundamental intuition behind so-called 'Kayne's generalization', i.e., the assumption that CD requires the object to be case-marked. I claim that the systematic co-occurrence of CD and DOM in certain languages is simply an effect of their semantic contribution to the proposition expressed. As for question (ii), my claim is that there is no unified account of specificity restrictions. In CD, they originate in the [+definite] feature of the clitic and the interpretive requirements it imposes on the associate DP (Gutiérrez-Rexach 2001): when the associate is an indefinite DP, the only way it can obey the matching condition established by the definite clitic in the doubling configuration is being assigned a specific (partitive or discourse-linked) reading. DOM, on the contrary, is not associated with specificity by means of definiteness and discourse-dependence. The basic property that triggers specificity constraints in DOM contexts, whatever it may be, does not give rise to the same presuppositionality effects and anaphoric readings that CD forces. Thus, specificity effects derive from different semantic features in the two constructions.


In the fluidized bed gas phase polymerization of polyethylene (PE), the heat generated by the exothermic polymerization process is dissipated into the gas mixture flowing past the polymer particles. The polymer particle temperature is determined by the extent of convective heat transfer and other mechanisms of heat removal. In addition to the heat removal by convective heat transfer, liquid hydrocarbon (HC) is often injected into the reactor to further remove heat by evaporation but without partaking in the reaction. The effects of adding this liquid HC on the particle surface temperature have been investigated numerically by means of a one-dimensional polar model. Results indicate that the primary mechanism for removal of the heat of polymerization from the particles is by means of convective heat transfer to the bulk gas, which amounts to 99.5% removal of total heat of polymerization. The PE particle temperature rises only by 1–2°C above the surrounding bed gas mixture. The addition of liquid HC to the feed, however, has a pronounced effect on controlling the reactor gas temperature as most of this liquid is evaporated to the gaseous phase before it reaches the polymer particles. To state it clearly, heat of polymerization is transferred from the particles to the reactor bulk gas predominantly by convection, and part of this heat is subsequently absorbed by evaporation of the fresh liquid HC in the feed. Comparison with a detailed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of polymerization in a generic gas phase reactor has also been conducted. The results confirm that the particle temperature rise above the reactor gas temperature is consistent with the one-dimensional model. However, local gas temperature variations are present in the reactor due to the unsteady gas-solid hydrodynamics. Hence, there are some zones that are a few degrees hotter/colder than the bulk reactor temperature with corresponding increase/decrease in particle temperature in these zones.


Abstract:
 Prieto, M., Westberg, M. & Schultz, M. 2015. New records of Lichinomycetes in Sweden and the Nordic countries. — Herzogia 28: 142–152. Six species of Lichinomycetes are newly reported for Sweden, of which three are also new for the Nordic countries. Lichinella stipatula is the first species of the mainly Mediterranean genus Lichinella s.str. found in the Nordic countries. The new records increase the number of Psorotichia species in Sweden and the Nordic countries to three (previously only one), Lichinella to two (considering Thallinocarpon nigritellum as belonging to Lichinella s.l.), and Anema species in Sweden to two (A. tumidulum and A. nummularium). The genus Metamelanea is recorded for the first time in Sweden with two species (M. caesiella and M. umbonata). Four of the six species were collected on the Baltic islands of Gotland or Öland in Sweden, growing on calcareous rocks in alvar habitats.


This research traces the genealogy of the wabah (pandemic) in Dewi Sekardadu's stories. Dewi Sekardadu's story in this study is taken from the Javanese writing tradition. This paper aim to describe the origin of the wabah in the story (Dewi Sekardadu) and the power relations of knowledge in Java from the point of view of origin and meaning. The theory used is triangulation folklore theory, comparative literature and archo-genealogy of knowledge. The results were (1) almost all Javanese chronicles or chronicles always included Dewi Sekardadu's story because it was always mentioned in the stories of Maulana Ishak or Seh Wali Lanang and Sunan Giri; (2) the position and causes of the wabah in Dewi Sekardadu's storyline in the old writing tradition varied depending on the writing period; and (3) the genealogy of the wabah in Dewi Sekardadu's stories can be traced to several previous Javanese sources or literature, namely the stories of prophets, guardians, and pre-Islamic treasures in Java.


In recent years, various multimedia services have become available and the demand for realistic multimedia systems is growing rapidly. The multi-view video and multi-channel audio are expected to satisfy the user demand for realistic multimedia services. In this paper, we present a new broadcasting system incorporating multi-view video and multi-channel audio over IPTV and MPEG-21 DIA. The proposed system includes data acquisition, camera calibration, data encoding and decoding, transmission, intermediate view reconstruction, and multi-view display and multi-channel audio play. In this paper, we discuss the main features of multi-view video and multi-channel audio.


The present study tried to find evidences of construct validity and interna! reliability for the Parenting Styles Scale of L. Steinberg. The instrument was applied in a sample of 224 adolescents from 11 to 19 years old from a public school of Lima. With a strategy of multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, the three-subscale structure (Commitment, Psychological Autonomy and Behavior Control/Supervision) was in general stable, although the theoretical grouping of the items was influenced by the distribution of the item. The alpha reliability reached marginal levels and the probable impact of the random error was recognized. Results show that this instrument is a potential too! for research, but these findings are preliminary and additional studies are required to evaluate the generalization of the analysis.


Kelps in the Arctic region are facing challenging natural conditions. They experience over 120 days of darkness during the polar night surviving on storage compounds without conducting photosynthesis. Furthermore, the Arctic is experiencing continuous warming as a consequence of climate change. Such temperature increase may enhance the metabolic activity of kelps, using up storage compounds faster. As the survival strategy of kelps during darkness in the warming Arctic is poorly understood, we studied the physiological and transcriptomic responses of Saccharina latissima, one of the most common kelp species in the Arctic, after a 2-week dark exposure at two temperatures (0 and 4°C) versus the same temperatures under low light conditions. Growth rates were decreased in darkness but remained stable at two temperatures. Pigments had higher values in darkness and at 4°C. Darkness had a greater impact on the transcriptomic performance of S. latissima than increased temperature according to the high numbers of differentially expressed genes between dark and light treatments. Darkness generally repressed the expression of genes coding for glycolysis and metabolite biosynthesis, as well as some energy-demanding processes, such as synthesis of photosynthetic components and transporters. Moreover, increased temperature enhanced these repressions, while the expression of some genes encoding components of the lipid and laminaran catabolism, glyoxylate cycle and signaling were enhanced in darkness. Our study helps to understand the survival strategy of kelp in the early polar night and its potential resilience to the warming Arctic.


It is shown that, for the quasi-Lorentz gas model, there is no basis for doubting the correctness of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient DL, as obtained from the density gradient expanded solution of the Boltzmann equation. This conclusion is observed to hold true even for electrons in molecular gases where large inelastic processes are present. A corrected version of Lucas' (1970) derivation is shown to yield the same DL as that obtained from the density gradient expansion theories. Monte Carlo results for electrons in N2 and model CH4 are also presented and compared with existing simulation and Boltzmann solution results. The conclusions indicate that the calculations of DL in the Boltzmann code of Pitchford and Phelps (1982) are numerically in error.


As Americans suffered through the heroic medicine of the 1800s, many medical alternatives, known as sects, evolved in the United States. Examination of the developments and problems encountered of medical sects, namely Thomsonism, homeopathy, osteopathy, naturopathy and chiropractic, reveals many similarities among them. While some sects have either dissolved or been absorbed by other professions, chiropractic has survived as a separate and distinct healing art. As chiropractic approaches its centennial celebration, it continues to demonstrate specific sectarian characteristics that may hinder progression into the future. This paper examines parallels among the developments of chiropractic and other alternatives. A review of some historic and contemporary scholars' predictions for the future of chiropractic is presented as well as potential solutions.


The total strain-controlled creep-fatigue behavior of a first generation directionally-solidified Ni-based superalloy DZ445 at 900 °C in air was reported in the previous investigation. The deformation mechanisms with different dwell times for this superalloy were further expounded from the reduction in area, surface cracks, internal voids, stability of γ′ strengthening phase, and dislocation characteristics in this investigation. The results demonstrated the reduction in area increased, the number of the surface cracks on the vertical section decreased and the number and area fraction of internal voids increased with the increase of tensile dwell time. The non-directional coarsening trend of the secondary γ′ precipitate increases with increasing the dwell time. These microstructure changes affirmed that the deformation of DZ445 goes through transformations from the typical fatigue mode into the mixture of creep and fatigue, and further into the compound of creep and ductile when the dwell time is initially applied and continuously increased.


Authorship attribution which aims to extract information about an author by analyzing the text of the author is a challenging field that has been studied for years. This study becomes even more difficult when there is limited data on this field. The need for this study carried out under the name of Authorship Verification is increasing day by day with the increase of anonymous authors in the electronic environments. In this study, a model-based solution approach is presented for the authorship verification problem. With the presented approach, it was determined what should be the success interval to be considered in the authorship verification problem.


In the present study, effect of size and placement of cubic specimens on compressive strength of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) were considered. To do so, 81 specimens of different sizes (50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm) were prepared by using three different mixes of SCLC. Results of the cured specimens were then used in regression analyses to find predictive equations with regard to both the placement direction and the size. Test results showed that the strength ratio in cases in which the direction of loading and placement were parallel, were higher than those specimens, whose configurations were normal between loading and placement. In addition, strength ratios in SCLC mixes were slightly higher than those are for self-compacting normal weight concrete. In order to analyze the effect of size on compressive strength the conventional size effect law as well as the modified size effect law (MSEL) were used. Besides, the convergence criterion of nonlinear regression process of size effect study has been discussed. Analyses of the results showed that the unconstraint nonlinear regression in size effect study of SCLC mixes could lead to erroneous results.


We explore here surprising links between the time-cost-tradeoff problem and the minimum cost flow problem that lead to faster, strongly polynomial, algorithms for both problems. One of the main results is a new algorithm for the unit capacity min cost flow that culminates decades of efforts to match the complexity of the fastest strongly polynomial algorithm known for the assignment problem.
The time cost tradeoff (TCT) problem in project management is to expedite the durations of activities, subject to precedence constraints, in order to achieve a target project completion time at minimum expediting costs, or, to maximize the net benefit from a reward associated with project completion time reduction. We devise here the all-min-cuts procedure, which for a given maximum flow, is capable of generating all minimum cuts of equal value very efficiently in average $O(m+n \log n)$ time.
The all-min-cuts procedure implies faster algorithms for TCT problems: For a project network on $n$ nodes and $m$ arcs, with $n'$ arcs of finite uniform expediting costs, the run time is $O((n+n')(m+n\log n))$; for projects with reward of $O(K)$ per unit reduction in the project completion time the run time is $O((n+K)(m+n\log n))$.
Using the primal-dual relationship between TCT and the minimum cost flow problem (MCF) we generate faster strongly polynomial algorithms for various cases of minimum cost flow: For the unit capacity MCF the complexity of our algorithm is $O(n(m+n\log n))$, which is faster than any other strongly polynomial known to date; For a minimum convex (or linear) cost $K$-flow problem our algorithm runs in $O((n+K)(m+n\log n))$. This complexity of the algorithm for any min cost $O(n)$-flow matches the best known complexity for the assignment problem, $O(n(m+n\log n))$, yet with a significantly different approach.


A hardware-software subsystem for multilevel investigation and analysis of thermal behavior and thermal faults in electronic components and systems is presented. IR thermography and thermal simulation software tools were interconnected and used together to detect and analyze hot spots, overheated elements, to optimize component constructions and cooling conditions to prevent radio-electronic components faults, improve thermal stability and reliability of electronic products for communications purposes. The examples for active devices and passive traces, IC chips, PCBs demonstrate the subsystem efficiency in thermally enhanced design for different applications.


ABSTRACT
Whika Febria Dewatisari. 2007. THE INFLUENCE OF NAUPLII DENSITY
WITH FEEDS FRINGESCALE FISH SILAGE TO BIOMASS PRODUCT OF
Artemia franciscana. Biologi Departement. Faculty of Mathematic and Natural
Sciences. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.
Artemia franciscana (Anostraca, Artemidae) is low level of Crustacea
which was usually used as natural feeds in fish and shrimp larva culture especially
for cultivation efforts. Nauplius (A. franciscana new hatch) contains sufficient
high protein which is good in growing the fish and shrimp larva. By expanding
Shrimp cultivation it will almost always increasing the requirement of
A. franciscana. In generally cultivation A. franciscana can be developed using
only the cheap equipments and simple techniques, although the benefit of the
activities would be quite a lot. Many factors should be considered very carefully
in order to make the cultivation activities successfully. For example how to feed
the A. franciscana with the highest protein contained such as silage of fish and
how the density of the fuse silage should be distributed.
The aim of the Research were to know (1) the growth and survival rate of
A. franciscana with the gift of Fringescale fish silage in various density (2) the
optimal density in the best of growth and survival rates of A. franciscana. The methods used in this research was used Complete Random sampling,
and done with in 14 day using 6 kinds of treatment and 3 restating. Nauplius
disperse into conservancy media (salinity 80 g / l) with the density 500, 800,
1100, 1400, 1700 nauplii / litre with the dose of fish silage as much 30 mg / l. For
the treatment of control was given the coconut cake as much 30 mg /l, nauplius
disperse with the density 500 nauplii / l. The parameters measured were growth,
survival rate, specific growth rate, feed convertion ratio, dry and wet
A. franciscana biomass conducted in the end of research. Quality of water
measured everyday were salinity, temperature, pH while for the amonia measured
in each three-day once. The obtained data were analyzed by using variance
analysis (ANOVA) and continued with Tukey Test. The result showed that the treatment in density 500 nauplii / l have
survival rate 78 % and growth ( heavy and length) highest that is 6,941 mg and
1,6346 mm, and also have the highest spesific growth rate 0,3826 mg / day.
Optimal density there are in density 1100 N / l productively the best of feed
conversion ratio 1,127 % and highest biomassa equal to 7,7329 g with 62 %
survival rate.


The vast majority of research related to optimal asset allocation strategies in the presence of transaction costs, requires formulation of highly sophisticated numerical schemes for the estimation of no-transaction bands; moreover, the optimization objectives examined are far less compared to the number of works that assume frictionless trading. In this article, we point out that an investor may alternatively try to track a constant allocation strategy as derived under the frictionless markets hypothesis and any optimization objective, by applying a loss function that reflects his/her risk preferences. We focus in the two-asset case (one riskless and one risky) and assume a fixed cost per transaction plus a cost proportional to the change in the risky fraction process. Using a recently proposed transformation of the risky fraction process by Nagai (2005), we derive optimal rebalancing policies for the quadratic loss case, using two alternative methods. First, we calculate no transaction bands for investors who choose the boundaries of the bands and their optimal rebalancing actions so that they minimize long run cost per unit time. The latter is defined as the expected cost per transaction cycle (opportunity cost/tracking error plus transaction cost) divided by the expected cycle time. In the second case, the objective is to minimize the expected discounted squared tracking error plus discounted transaction costs over an infinite horizon. On that purpose, similar to Suzuki and Pliska (2004), we use impulse control theory in a continuous-time, dynamic setting and characterize the optimal strategy in terms of a quasi-variational inequality. For both formulations, we derive explicit solutions, which we use to perform sensitivity analysis for the control bands with respect to the market parameters and the magnitude of the transaction costs.


In this work, the Curvelet transform is proposed as a fairly new feature extraction method for palmprint recognition. Particularly, a multiscale analysis has been performed at four levels, assessing and combining the features extracted at each level in order to find those which better represent the palmprint. Feature matching has been conducted by means of Euclidean distance and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and comparative results are provided. In addition, a multimodal approach involving the extracted palmprint features and hand geometry features has also been evaluated, obtaining an improvement of the results in relation to monomodal biometrics. Evaluations have been carried out following an evaluation protocol based on the definitions suggested by the ISO/IDE 19795 norm that allows for a fair comparison between the different methods. To this end, images coming from two different contact-less databases, which cover different capturing conditions, have been employed.


Endometrial cancer (EC), the most common adenocarcinoma, represents 90% of uterine cancer in women with an increased incidence of occurrence attributed to age, obesity, hypertension, and hypoestrogenism. Being the most common gynecological malignancy in women, it shows a relation with the activation of different components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which is predominantly involved in maintaining blood pressure, salt, water, and aldosterone secretion, thereby playing a significant role in the etiology of hypertension. The components of the RAS, i.e., ACE-I, ACE-II, AT1R, AT2R, and Pro(renin) receptor, are widely expressed in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium, with varying levels throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. This causes the endometrial RAS to implicate angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation. Thus, dysfunctioning of the endometrial RAS could predispose the growth and spread of EC. Interestingly, the increased expression of AngII, AGTR1, and AGTR2 showed advancement in the stages and progression of EC via the prorenin/ATP6AP2 and AngII/AGTR1 pathway. Therefore, this review corresponds to unraveling the relationship between the progression and development of endometrial cancer with the dysfunction in the expression of various components associated with RAS in maintaining blood pressure.


Infrequent price changes at the firm level are now well documented in the literature. However, a number of issues remain partly unaddressed. This paper contributes to the literature on price stickiness by investigating the lags of price adjustments to different types of shocks. We find that adjustment lags to cost and demand shocks vary with firm characteristics, namely the firm's cost structure, the type of pricing policy, and the type of good. We also document that firms react asymmetrically to demand and cost shocks, as well as to positive and negative shocks, and that the degree and direction of the asymmetry varies across firms.


Background: Decreasing the in-hospital delay is one of the critical effective strategies for thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. we examined whether physician personality traits are associated with in-hospital delay in conducting treatment of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke among neurologists.Methods: Overall 354 consecutive patients who received intravenous thrombolysis during a 2.5 year-period in emergency department were included. Self-reported questionnaires of the Big Five Inventory and demographic characteristics were distributed among 13 neurologists. Multivariable analysis was performed to explore the effects of the Big Five Personality Traits on in-hospital delay for acute ischemic stroke. Results: The traits of agreeableness in all physicians decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay (OR: 0.831, 95% CI: 0.766-0.901, p<0.001). The traits of openness in female physicians (OR:0.646; 95% CI:0.469-0.890; p=0.008) and the traits of extraversion in male physicians (OR:0.613; 95% CI: 0.475-0.791; p<0.001) decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. The traits of conscientiousness in female (OR: 1.713, 95% CI: 1.209–2.427; p=0.002) and the traits of openness in male (OR: 1.431; 95% CI: 1.802-1.892; p=0.012) increased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. Conclusions: The study demonstrate that the personality traits of physician are associated with in-hospital delay for thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke.


Government financed student loan debt of $1.3 trillion has grown 15% a year for over a decade as tuition and other college costs have risen at a multiple of the inflation rate. Problematic are defaults and income-based repayment arrangements with their partial loan forgiveness. Applied to this burgeoning balance they pose a serious burden on taxpayers and the economy that bear the costs and effects of borrowing and taxation to fund the program. Also alarming is the prospect of total loan forgiveness and ongoing free college education gaining political currency amid the wails of so many overextended borrowers, some of whom seemingly face lifelong debt. This paper examines the true cost of the student loan program which is enormously distorted by the U.S. Department of Education and the Congressional Budget Office. The reason is the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) requires government to adopt a misleading methodology for computing the program's profit and loss that greatly understates defaults. As a result, the program is mistakenly believed to be profitable. Specifically, the government computes operating results based on a net present discounted value of future cash flows. This process effectively amortizes defaults over the remaining life of respective loans, which can be up to 20 years or more, rather than recognize them fully in the period they occur like a bank. The analysis herein contrasts this methodology (subject to the limitations of opaque federal accounting), with a pro forma presentation of operations based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) observed by banks. The upshot: a $135 billion government projected profit for the ten-year period 2015-2024, versus a $1.9 trillion loss that a bank would report. As such, the real cost of the student loan program in the coming years compares with the losses of the 2008 financial crisis as explained in the study.And that is just the current student loan program. If blanket loan forgiveness were declared in the next decade, taxpayers would bear an immediate budget hit of $1 trillion to $4 trillion depending on the loans outstanding at the time of implementation. In addition, taxpayers would have to support subsequent free college for all thereafter. Not only is this time bomb concealed by the current accounting methodology, but also by the political class that is loathe to inviting opposition to a program that could be a new government entitlement.


Long-Evans male adult rats were exposed for 16 weeks to 915-MHz CW microwaves at an average power density of 5 mW/cm2. The resulting dose rate was 2.46 (+/- 0.29 SEM) mW/g. The animals were exposed eight hours a day, five days a week, for a total of 640 h in a monopole-above ground radiation chamber while housed in Plexiglas cages. Daily measures of body mass and of food and water intake indicated no statistically significant effects of microwave irradiation. Measures by activity wheels and stabilimetric platforms of spontaneous locomotion indicate than mean activity levels increased about 25% after microwave exposure, but the findings are doubtful statistical significance (Ps < .10 but > .05). Studies of blood sampled after 2, 6, 10, and 14 weeks of exposure revealed alterations of free sulfhydryls. Measures of levels of urinary 17-ketosteroids at weeks 1, 5, 9, and 12 of exposure, and measures of brain hypothalamic tissue, and of mass of adrenals, heart, and liver at the end of the 16-week period, revealed no significant differences between irradiated and control animals. Cortical EEGs sampled after conclusion of microwave exposures also revealed no significant differences.


Salt stress inhibits the production of all crop species, including rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), the second most widely planted oil crop species. Although melatonin was confirmed to alleviate salt stress in rapeseed seedlings recently, the mechanism governing the expression levels remains unknown. Therefore, the melatonin-induced transcriptome variation of salt-stressed seedlings was explored. In this study, the transcriptomes of leaves and roots under control (CK), salt (125 mM NaCl, ST) and melatonin (125 mM NaCl plus 50 µM melatonin, MS) treatments were evaluated by using next-generation sequencing techniques. After conducting comparisons of gene expression in the roots and leaves between MS and ST, the differentially expressed gene (DEG) pools were screened. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses highlighted the significant pathways, which were mainly related to plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, lignin and fatty acid metabolism. The functional genes in the objective KEGG pathways were identified. Furthermore, members of several transcription factor (TF) families participated in the response process. Combined with the hormone (campesterol (CS), jasmonic acid (JA), and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3)) contents measured in the seedlings, it could be concluded that melatonin induced changes in the intrinsic hormone metabolic network, which promoted seedling growth. Thus, this study identified new candidate genes and pathways active during the interactions between melatonin and salt stress, which provide clues for disclosing melatonin's function in resistance to salt injury. Our results contribute to developing a practical method for sustainable agriculture on saline lands.


As the water diversion reservoir showed high organic matter and high algae in summer, the potassium permanganate pre-oxidation/dissolved air flotation/carbon sand double filter process was developed. The test results show that the optimum operation conditions of the combined process were as follows: the dosage of KMnO4 was 0.3 mg/L, the dosage of polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) was 3.0 mg/L (Al3+), the reflux ratio was 10%, and the dissolved gas pressure was 0.3 Mpa. Taking Ji'nan Queshan reservoir water algae pollution as the research object, the average removal rate of chlorophyll a, blue-green algae, turbidity, particle number and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 66.64%, 95.44%, 94.45%, 99.34% and 46.68%, respectively; the methylisoborneol (MIB) removal rate was 92.47%, the odor level decreased with process flow from raw water level 4 to effluent level 1.5, geosmin (GSM) dropped below the detection limit, and the total removal rate of trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was 33.56%. The effluent of the combined process meets the requirements of the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) after it is disinfected.


A world renowned venue showcasing the best of national and international dance, ballet, opera and music. Sadler's Wells Theatre was named after the theatre's original founder, Richard Sadler and the wells that were discovered on the site...


It is shown that the one-dimensional studies of the wall surrounding a bubble domain do not violate some necessary self-consistency requirements. Moreover, it is shown that the ratio of the magnetostatic self energy (which is neglected in these studies) to the total one-dimensional wall energy is T/Q , where T is of the order of 1 for typical film thickness of a typical bubble material. This justifies the use of the one-dimensional wall for these materials, as long as the quality factor Q = K/(2\piM\min{s}\max{2}) is large.


Sustainable development has been a popular concept since 1987 and the issuance of the Brundtland report. A diverse number of sustainability assessment frameworks are available to examine the environmental performance of buildings and communities. With the current pace of climate change and the increasing threat of stronger, more frequent natural hazards, however, there are doubts that sustainability alone is an effective response. Sustainability assessment frameworks in recent years have been criticized for not incorporating hazard resilience. To better understand the current level of emphasis put on resilience to natural hazards in green building rating systems, this study aims to assess the level of resilience integration in existing sustainability assessment frameworks. The results demonstrate an overall lack of resilience coverage in the frameworks with only four frameworks, CASBEE, LEED, Green Globes, and DGNB having resilience coverage of 27.5%, 15%, 2.6%, and 1.1% respectively. This confirms a need for more systematic integration of resilience indicators into sustainability rating systems to create combined frameworks for sustainability and resilience.


D,L-propranolol protects kidney against warm ischemia. On the contrary beta-blockers without membrane stabilizing activity (timolol, L-propranolol) do not possess this protective ability. The aim of the present work was to test the potential anti-ischemic properties of metipranolol, another beta-blocker with membrane stabilizing component. Metipranolol (1 mg/kg) was given 30 min prior to inducing the ischemia of left rat kidney followed with a contralateral nephrectomy. This pretreatment lowered the creatinemia as measured 24 hr after 60 min ischemia and improved the survival of rats after 90 min renal ischemia. The results are compatible with the concept that the membrane stabilizing activity may play a crucial role in the protective action of beta-blockers.


The story of Krzyś (Chris), which the author reconstructed based on talks with a friend, shows the situation of the "class clown", the boy suspected of having ADHD whom the doctors were unable to diagnose explicitly for some years. Like many such "Others", Chris experienced rejection by some of his teachers, peers and their parents and by some members of his own family. Early in life he knew the bitterness of loneliness, lack of understanding, aggression, fear of school, humiliation and helplessness. The story of Chris and his school problems shows how the attitudes of various persons in a school who deal with a child perceived as "different" can vary. How much depends on the particular person, on his or her receptiveness, ability to notice the problems and eagerness to help. The story is also a starting point for reflection on the model of the pupil – teacher relationship in a large school system as well as its alternatives; and more generally – on the functioning of schools in a socjety dominated by a culture of humiliation, hostility and rejection.


Contraction theory is a control system tool based on an exact differential analysis of convergence. After establishing new combination properties of contracting systems, the paper derives new controller and observer designs for mechanical systems such as aircraft and underwater vehicles. The classical nonlinear strap down algorithm is also shown to be marginally contracting. The relative simplicity of the approach stems from its effective exploitation of the systems' structural specificities.


This paper presents a low-cost gaze tracking system that is based on a webcam mounted close to the user's eye. The performance of the gaze tracker was evaluated in an eye-typing task using two different typing applications. Participants could type between 3.56 and 6.78 words per minute, depending on the typing system used. A pilot study to assess the usability of the system was also carried out in the home of a user with severe motor impairments. The user successfully typed on a wall-projected interface using his eye movements.


An adaptive digital image watermarking technique is proposed. The proposed method exploits the sensitivity of human eyes to adaptively embed a visually recognizable watermark in an image without affecting the perceptual quality of the underlying host image. In addition, the watermark will still be present if some lossy image processing operations such as low-pass filtering, median filtering, resampling, requantization, and lossy JPEG image compression are applied to the watermarked image. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking method.


Upon intestinal infection of heterozygous (nu/+) mice with mouse adenovirus, antiviral resistance can be seen in the form of negative-recovery of virus from feces 2-3 wks post infection. On the other hand, in similar infections in BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice, the antiviral resistance is manifested as negative-recovery of virus from feces at a later stage, i.e., at around 6 wks post infection. This resistance was not accompanied by rises in interferon titer, rises in natural killer (NK) cell activity, nor was the resistance affected by the introduction of anti-asialo GM1 antibody. No distinct loss of resistance was observed upon administration of carrageenan, but the resistance in the group given carrageenan immediately before and after viral challenge seemed to be slightly reduced. In all infected nu/nu mice, neither neutralizing antibody (NT-Ab) nor complement-dependent NT-Ab could be detected by the usual tube method. On the other hand, a complete abolishment of the antiviral resistance was seen following cyclophosphamide administration. For clarification of the antiviral resistance factor in nu/nu mice, the analysis of antibody other than NT-Ab and complement-dependent NT-Ab, and the problem of resolution of antibody titration remain. Furthermore, it has been noted that the serum IgG titer is high in nu/nu mice and that this level is depressed by cyclophosphamide administration. It is believed that this may be in some way involved with the loss of antiviral resistance observed.


In the present report, diagnosis and treatment of a case with follicular ovarian cysts in a 5-year-old Persian queen cat is described. In response to palpation of spines, the queen cat presented herself in lordosis and danced up and down with her rear legs. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography examination showed 2 cysts  in the left ovary of the queen. Serum estrogen assay indicated elevated level of 17 β-estradiol concentration (105 pg/ml). However, progesterone concentration was normal (0.3 ng/ml). Accordingly, the queen was diagnosed with functional follicular cysts. The queen was treated with an administration of hCG intra-muscularly. Thirty (30) days after the administration of hCG, an injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (50 IU) was given intra-muscularly. Natural mating was done with a fertile Persian tom cat. In conclusion, it seems that treatment of functional follicular cysts can be applied to preserve fertility in cats.


This article focus on methods of principlism and how it can be used as a mode of justification for Autonomy, Common Morality, and Beneficence. Each area will be explored in this paper in order to give insight into how these principles came to be what they are today. In particular, I will discuss the nature of autonomy, by referring to definition of autonomy and theories of it, as well as to what the main principle of autonomy is, and what types it consists of. Common morality includes the differences between normative and non-normative ethics in terms of principles, rules, and rights. Furthermore, the discussion will focus on what the meaning of common morality is as it is shared among all cultures. Lastly, the discussion will consider the concept of beneficence and the types in which it manifests itself.


The present study investigates the relationship of happiness with gratitude and emotional intelligence among adolescents. A total of 100 school going students (50 males and 50 females) within the age group of 13-19 years participated in the study. The participants were assessed with the help of self-report questionnaire the scales employed were Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills and Argyle ,2002), GQ-6 questionnaire (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang ,2002) and Emotional quotient test (Dr Dalip Singh & Dr NK Chadha). Different statistical tools like Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation), correlation and T-test were utilized to ascertain the outcomes. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship of happiness with gratitude and emotional intelligence. Furthermore, it also revealed that there is also a significant relation between gratitude and emotional intelligence. However, no gender differences on happiness, gratitude and emotional intelligence among adolescents was found. At last, it would be concluded that the conduction of the survey and the calculated results of the participants has clearly stated that gratitude, happiness, emotions plays an immense significant role in an individual's well-being. Happiness has been moved closer in positive brain research having main principles which involves happiness an overall assessment of life and every one of its features; a memory of previous energetic encounters; a gathering of various excited reactions transversely after some time.


In a sophisticated combination of quantitative research and two in-depth case studies, Larisa Deriglazova surveys armed conflicts post World War II in which one power is much stronger than the other. She then focuses on the experiences of British decolonization after World War II and the United States in the 2003 Iraq war. Great Powers, Small Wars employs several large databases to identify basic characteristics and variables of wars between enemies of disproportionate power. Case studies examine the economics, domestic politics, and international factors that ultimately shaped military events more than military capacity and strategy.


Finding a suitable density function is essential for density-based clustering algorithms such as DBSCAN and DPC. A naive density corresponding to the indicator function of a unit $d$-dimensional Euclidean ball is commonly used in these algorithms. Such density suffers from capturing local features in complex datasets. To tackle this issue, we propose a new kernel diffusion density function, which is adaptive to data of varying local distributional characteristics and smoothness. Furthermore, we develop a surrogate that can be efficiently computed in linear time and space and prove that it is asymptotically equivalent to the kernel diffusion density function. Extensive empirical experiments on benchmark and large-scale face image datasets show that the proposed approach not only achieves a significant improvement over classic density-based clustering algorithms but also outperforms the state-of-the-art face clustering methods by a large margin.


This work presents two new methods to estimate oceanic alkalinity (AT), dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), pH, and pCO2 from temperature, salinity, oxygen, and geolocation data. "CANYON-B" is a Bayesian neural network mapping that accurately reproduces GLODAPv2 bottle data and the biogeochemical relations contained therein. "CONTENT" combines and refines the four carbonate system variables to be consistent with carbonate chemistry. Both methods come with a robust uncertainty estimate that incorporates information from the local conditions. They are validated against independent GO-SHIP bottle and sensor data, and compare favourably to other state-of-the-art mapping methods. As "dynamic climatologies" they show comparable performance to classical climatologies on large scales but a much better representation on smaller scales (40–120 d, 500–1500 km) compared to in situ data. The limits of these mappings are explored with pCO2 estimation in surface waters, i.e., at the edge of the domain with high intrinsic variability. In highly productive areas, there is a tendency for pCO2 overestimation due to decoupling of the O2 and C cycles by air-sea gas exchange, but global surface pCO2 estimates are unbiased compared to a monthly climatology. CANYON-B and CONTENT are highly useful as transfer functions between components of the ocean observing system (GO-SHIP repeat hydrography, BGC-Argo, underway observations) and permit the synergistic use of these highly complementary systems, both in spatial/temporal coverage and number of observations. Through easily and robotically-accessible observations they allow densification of more difficult-to-observe variables (e.g., 15 times denser AT and CT compared to direct measurements). At the same time, they give access to the complete carbonate system. This potential is demonstrated by an observation-based global analysis of the Revelle buffer factor, which shows a significant, high latitude-intensified increase between +0.1 and +0.4 units per decade. This shows the utility that such transfer functions with realistic uncertainty estimates provide to ocean biogeochemistry and global climate change research. In addition, CANYON-B provides robust and accurate estimates of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate.


Magneto-impedance effects have been studied in amorphous and nanocrystalline ribbons. Large magneto-impedance responses have been obtained in nanocrystalline samples by applying a longitudinal DC field, but not in amorphous samples. It was found that the transverse field dependences of the resistance and the reactance of nanocrystalline samples show very broad peaks at relatively high fields (above 35 Oe), while the longitudinal magnetic responses show very sharp peaks at the field of 2 - 7 Oe, sharing some common features with those reported for Co-based amorphous wire and ribbon samples, and can be understood from the same mechanism. It was also found experimentally that the properties of the longitudinal and transverse field dependences of the effective permeability of nanocrystalline samples correlates with those of the impedance, showing a sharp decrease for the longitudinal applied field and a slow decrease for the transverse applied field at a corresponding field value and, the higher the effective permeability, the larger is the magneto-impedance effect at a fixed frequency. and a sensitivity of 20% at a low field (2 Oe) are obtained in this paper.


Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are extremely rare disease entities, and the extraluminal type is difficult to diagnose. These tumors have been misdiagnosed as pancreatic tumors; hence, pancreaticoduodenectomy has been performed, although partial duodenectomy can be performed if accurately diagnosed. Developing a diagnostic methodology including endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has allowed us to diagnose the tumor directly through the duodenum. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a 27-mm diameter tumor in the pancreatic uncus on computed tomography scan. EUS showed a well-defined hypoechoic mass in the pancreatic uncus that connected to the duodenal proper muscular layer and was followed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Histological examination showed spindle-shaped tumor cells positively stained for c-kit. Based on these findings, the tumor was finally diagnosed as a duodenal GIST of the extraluminal type, and the patient underwent successful mass resection with partial resection of the duodenum. This case suggests that EUS and EUS-FNA are effective for diagnosing the extraluminal type of duodenal GISTs, which is difficult to differentiate from pancreatic head tumor, and for performing the correct surgical procedure.


Software development is a dynamic process where engineers constantly modify and refine systems. As a consequence, system architecture evolves over time. Software architectural evolution has been managed at different abstraction levels: the meta level, the architectural level, the application level, the implementation level, etc. However, the management supports for architectural evolution are limited to evolution mechanisms in architectural description languages such as subtyping, inheritance, interface, and genericity. This paper presents a model-oriented version and configuration control approach to managing the evolution of architectural entities in configurations at different abstraction levels as well as logical relationships among them. This paper also illustrates our approach in building an architectural configuration management system that is capable of managing configurations and versions of software architecture across multiple levels of abstraction in a uniform and tightly connected manner


OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of chloride channels on the regulation of platelet cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and platelet aggregation (PAG).

METHODS
Freshly separated platelets were activated by thrombin. Chloride channel blockers DIDS or NFA and calcium channel blockers SK&F96365 or nifedipine were added to study the effects on platelet [Ca2+]i and PAG by a single reagent or the combination of reagents and find out the interactions among DIDS, NFA, SK&F96365 and nifedipine.

RESULTS
Both DIDS and NFA could inhibit the thrombin (1 U/ml) induced PAG in a dose-dependent manner, whereas had little effect on resting [Ca2+]i. As compared with the control group, DIDS, SK&F96365 and Nifedipine could significantly reduce the PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in thrombin activated platelet (P < 0.05). The combination of DIDS and SK&F96365 had greater effects in reducing the PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx than either reagent alone (P < 0.05). The combination of DIDS and nifedipine also had greater effect than each alone in reducing Ca2+ release (P < 0.05). The combination of NFA and SK&F96365 weakened each other's effect on Ca2+ release (P < 0.05), while NFA and nifedipine weakened each other's effects on PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in thrombin activated platelet (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
DIDS and NFA have no effect on the resting [Ca2+]i and the leak calcium influx of platelet. DIDS can inhibit the Ca2+ release, Ca2+ influx and PAG of platelet induced by thrombin, while NFA can only inhibit the Ca2+ release. The chloride channel and calcium channel blockers have interactions in affecting resting [Ca2+]i and PAG of platelet. The opening of chloride channel can influence the cellular calcium movement of platelet.


The compound extracted from the platelets shows the same fluorescent characteristics as pure serotonin (Fig. 1) and are known to be highly specific (Weissbach et al., 1958). There is a good correlation between the number of platelets and 5HT extracted, in the range considered (Fig. 2). Table I shows the serotonin level per 10' platelets in 18 normal subjects. In Table II the average values and variability obtained by our findings are compared with those described by other authors, using different methods.


Introduction: Hypo- and hyperkalemia are associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, this association has not been examined in an advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Methods: From among 102,477 US veterans transitioning to dialysis between 2007 and 2015, 21,357 patients with 2 pre-dialysis outpatient estimated glomerular filtration rates <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 90–365 days apart and at least 1 potassium (K) each in the baseline and follow-up period were identified. We separately examined the association of both baseline time-averaged K (chronic exposure) and time-updated K (acute exposure) treated as categorized (hypokalemia [K <3.5 mEq/L] and hyperkalemia [K >5.5 mEq/L] vs. referent [3.5–5.5 mEq/L]) and continuous exposure with time to the first ischemic stroke event prior to dialysis initiation using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Results: A total of 2,638 (12.4%) ischemic stroke events (crude event rate 41.9 per 1,000 patient years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 40.4–43.6) over a median (Q1–Q3) follow-up time of 2.56 (1.59–3.89) years were observed. The baseline time-averaged K category of hypokalemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 95% CI: 1.35, 1.01–1.81) was marginally associated with a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, time-updated hyperkalemia was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke (aHR, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.68–0.98). The exposure-outcome relationship remained consistent when using continuous K levels for both the exposures. Discussion/Conclusion: In patients with advanced CKD, hypokalemia (chronic exposure) was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke, whereas hyperkalemia (acute exposure) was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke. Further studies in this population are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.


The increased removal of mines and rivers to supply construction materials has caused environmental damages to mountainous and rivers; this has reached to the point that not only wildlife but also the lives of today's generations and future generations have been faced with challenges or even dangers. Although many efforts have been made for the recycling of mineral materials, all these efforts have not resulted in the reuse of construction's waste and this is a wakeup call for architects and engineers of building industry, in a way that if we don't think about changing our method of exploitation of limited natural resources and do not guide our architecture towards the use of local, renewable and sustainable architecture, our future generation, in addition to the problems of their age, must also endure the problems that we have caused. However, we can act like generations before us, and with deliberate decisions on sustainable architecture and urbanism create a good future for our children. Our ancestors created countless works of vernacular architecture with local materials matched with sustainable architecture without having to destroy the environment. Indeed, what is the heritage of today's architecture in terms of architecture's identity for the next generations?


Background/Aim: It is controversial whether intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV r-tPA) treatment outcomes in cardioembolic strokes differ from other types of strokes. This study aims to investigate the clinical data of patients with cardioembolic and large-vessel atherosclerosis who received IV r-tPA treatment and compare and discuss the results according to the literature. Methods: The data of the patients who were admitted within the first 4.5 hours following the onset of symptoms, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke in the Neurology clinic of Kutahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital and underwent IV r-tPA were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic data, clinical and functional results of patients were compared between the two groups (cardioembolic and large vessel atherosclerosis). Results: Eighty-five patients with ischemic stroke who received IV r-tPA treatment due to cardioembolism and large-vessel atherosclerosis were included in the study. There were 51 patients (60%) in the cardioembolic stroke group and 34 patients (40%) in the large vascular atherosclerotic group. There was no significant difference in terms of functional results between the groups (62.7% vs 44.1%; P=0.09). While symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was not detected in the large-vessel atherosclerosis group, it occurred in 3.9% of the cardioembolic stroke group. Conclusion: This study proved that functional and clinical results are similar between cardioembolic and large-vessel atherosclerosis patients who were treated with IV r-tPA treatment. Regardless of the etiology, all suitable patients with acute ischemic stroke should be treated with thrombolytic therapy.


As oil production in the Permian Basin surges, the impact of shale production on groundwater resources has become a growing concern. Most existing studies focus on the impact of shale production on shallow freshwater aquifers. There is little understanding of the shale development's impact on other groundwater resources (e.g., deep carbonate aquifers and deep basin meteoric aquifers). The possible natural hydraulic connections between shallow aquifers and formation water suggest such an impact can be consequential. This study explores the relationship between shale production and groundwater using produced water (PW) samples from active unconventional oil wells. Focusing on the most productive portion of the Permian Basin—the four-county region in Southeast New Mexico between 2007 and 2016, a large produced water dataset allows us to analyze the conditional correlations between shale oil production and PW constituents. The results suggest that (1) expanding from primarily conventional wells to unconventional wells during the recent shale boom has led to dramatic increases of the TDS, chloride, sodium, and calcium levels in groundwater (i.e., producing formation). (2) Nearby oil well density positively correlates with the TDS, chloride, and sodium levels in the PW samples.


We examined the physiological properties and morphology of neurons in the forepaw barrel subfield (FBS) in somatosensory cortex (SI) of adult rats using in vivo intracellular recording and biocytin labeling techniques. Our results show that both pyramidal and non-pyramidal type spiny neurons can be activated with short latency by peripheral stimulation. FBS neurons within individual barrels receive both suprathreshold and subthreshold convergent input from one or more forepaw digits and pads. We hypothesize that some of these subthreshold inputs may be elevated to firing level by some, as yet unknown, mechanism(s) following peripheral deafferentation. Examination of the relationship between the dendritic pattern of labeled neurons and individual barrels within the FBS suggests that neurons with dendrites extending into neighboring barrel bands may serve as a possible morphological substrate for immediate reorganization.


A 35-year-old female meat inspector developed an acute dermatitis of the hands similar to red feed dermatitis in mackerel workers or cold permanent wave dermatitis in hairdressers ('lacquered hands'). The skin of the fingertips, thenar and hypothenar eminences of her left hand were red, shiny and moist; the back of the hand and fingers were red with dry scaling and some vesicles. She was unable to work for some weeks on several occasions. Since 1973 she has been working in a slaughter-house. There she has to inspect the meat and the internal organs of cattle, pigs and sheep. Lymph nodes, spleen, pancreas, liver and kidney are cut into but not the intestines. Skin irritation occurred especially when contact with the pancreas was intense. Other workers were also affected. The dermatitis completely healed when wearing rubber gloves. Patch tests with the G. D. R. Standard Series, tissues of intestine, pancreas and other organs and rubber chemicals were negative. This indicated that it was an irritant type contact der~atitis caused by the keratolytic action of the digestive enzymes of the pancreas. Similar observations in other slaughter-house workers such as gland pickers and intestine preparers are well known.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from a network of 21 eddy covariance towers were upscaled to estimate the Alaskan CO2 budget from 2000 to 2011 by combining satellite remote sensing data, disturbance information, and a support vector regression model. Data were compared with the CO2 budget from an inverse model (CarbonTracker). Observed gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were each well reproduced by the model on the site scale; root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) for GPP, RE, and NEE were 0.52, 0.23, and 0.48 g C m−2 d−1, respectively. Landcover classification was the most important input for predicting GPP, whereas visible reflectance index of green ratio was the most important input for predicting RE. During the period of 2000–2011, predicted GPP and RE were 369 ± 22 and 362 ± 12 Tg C yr−1 (mean ± interannual variability) for Alaska, respectively, indicating an approximately neutral CO2 budget for the decade. CarbonTracker also showed an approximately neutral CO2 budget during 2000–2011 (growing season RMSE = 14 g C m−2 season−1; annual RMSE = 13 g C m−2 yr−1). Interannual CO2 flux variability was positively correlated with air temperature anomalies from June to August, with Alaska acting as a greater CO2 sink in warmer years. CO2 flux trends for the decade were clear in disturbed ecosystems; positive trends in GPP and CO2 sink were observed in areas where vegetation recovered for about 20 years after fire.


We have investigated if phosphopeptide identification and simultaneous site localization can be achieved by spectral library searching. This allows taking advantage of comparison of specific spectral features, which would lead to improved discrimination of differential localizations. For building a library, we propose a spectral simulation strategy where all possible single phosphorylations can be simply and accurately (re)constructed on enzymatically dephosphorylated peptides, by predicting the diagnostic fragmentation events produced in beam-type CID. To demonstrate the performance of our approach, enriched HeLa phosphopeptides were dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase and analyzed with higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD), which were then used for creating a spectral library of simulated phosphopeptides. Spectral library searching using SpectraST was performed on data sets of synthetic phosphopeptides and the HeLa phosphopeptides, and subsequently compared to Mascot and Sequest database searching followed by phosphoRS and Ascore afforded localization, respectively. Our approach successfully led to accurate localization, and it outperformed other methods, when phosphopeptides were covered by the library. These results suggest that the searching with simulated spectral libraries serves as a crucial approach for both supplementing and validating the phosphorylation sites obtained by database searching and localization tools. For future development, simulation of multiply phosphorylated peptides remains to be implemented.


We examine the realization of word accent contrasts in Standard Latvian and East Aukstaitian Lithuanian across intonational contexts. In our Latvian data the contrast is manifested as level vs. falling pitch in most contexts, in addition to a durational difference. In Aukstaitian Lithuanian, instead, differences in vowel quality and duration cue the lexical contrast in the nuclei that we examine. While Latvian retains a tonal contrast, in Aukstaitian Lithuanian it has been replaced with a combined segmental/quantitative contrast, where the so-called circumflex tone corresponds to relatively shorter duration and, in the case of diphthongs, centralized quality in the first half. We discuss the implications of these findings for further typological work.


This book is notable for the careful analysis that is the basis of the authors' conclusions. It explores important questions thoughtfully and with imagination. If the ideas presented are not novel, their treatment is better grounded in empirical data than are many other works on the topics the authors address. The book is well worth studying for its insights, and a number of its findings can fruitfully inform further research into the basis for changing attitudes toward political and economic reform in Russia during the El'tsin years.


Professional conduct decision in the matter of trustees Gerald Robitaille and Raymond Marcoux and trustee firm Gerald Robitaille & Associes Ltee.


The general distribution of 3H-haloperidol was studied in mice by means of whole body autoradiography. Extensive accumulation and retention was observed in the melanin containing tissues. In the albino animals uptake was low in the corresponding tissues. Impulse counting of excised tissue pieces showed a maximum concentration in the pigmented eyes 24 hr after a single intravenous injection. In the pigmented eyes, about 1/5 of the radioactivity at 24 hr still remained 90 days after administration. In vitro, haloperidol was found to be bound to beef-eye melanin and dopamine melanin (structurally similar to the melanin present in the pigmented nerve cells in the human substantia nigra). The total binding capacity of beef-eye melanin was approximately twice that of dopamine melanin. Beef-eye melanin bound haloperidol to an extent twice that earlier reported for chlorpromazine and chloroquine, while the binding strengths were of about the same magnitude. Due to its high melanin affinity it is most probable that haloperidol accumulates extensively in the pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra in patients on long term therapy. Other compounds with melanin affinity such as phenothiazine derivatives and manganese are known to produce irreversible extrapyramidal disorders, degeneration and depigmentation of the pigmented nerve cells in the substantia nigra. In conclusion the melanin affinity may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia.


At the moment, cannabis companies cannot get trademark protection for their marijuana and marijuana-related products because the "lawful use" doctrine limits federal trademark protection to goods lawfully sold in commerce. Given that the drug remains illegal under federal law, this may not sound like much of a problem, but it has serious consequences for consumers of marijuana. Without trademark rights, a cannabis company in one state can simply use the brand name of a prominent company in another state and consumers will assume that they are getting the products they have come to rely on, with potentially dangerous results. As the cannabis industry has grown, this issue has only become more acute; the current approach of the United States Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) and the federal courts undermines trademark law's consumer protection and fair competition goals.

Several years ago, we proposed a solution to the unavailability of trademark protection during federal prohibition, one we suggested would help cannabis companies and cannabis consumers bridge the gap from the current period of legal ambiguity through full marijuana legalization. We coined the phrase "trademark laundering" to describe the practice of applying for federal trademark protection for a mark placed on legal products and then using that mark on both legal and illegal goods – on both t-shirts and marijuana, for example. As we anticipated, the practice has indeed taken off, but it has been a success only on the surface.

This article examines how the PTO and the courts have mishandled marijuana marks and identifies how they have interpreted and deployed the lawful use doctrine in ways that undermine and conflict with trademark's stated goals. Given that the PTO is unlikely to abandon the lawful use doctrine any time soon, we propose changes to the way the PTO applies that doctrine in the trademark registration process, as well as changes to the courts' consideration of trademark disputes involving cannabis companies. These changes will ensure that both consumers and marijuana businesses are protected as the United States transitions from marijuana prohibition to a post-prohibition federal regulatory regime.


Patent Drafting is a method for preparing patent documents. As it is known, UMKM Jamu is engaged in the health sector by producing traditional herbal medicine which is believed to be effective in preventing the growth of cancer cells and various other diseases. UMKM located in Wonorejo Village, Lumajang Regency, need patent drafting assistance for the preparation of patent documents. Therefore, this assistance is carried out with the aim of providing understanding to the UMKM Jamu Ibuk producers regarding patents. The output of this activity is a patent document ready to register. With this activity, it is hoped that it can provide thoughts on the importance of protecting Intellectual Property for MSMEs and the wider community.


Abstract: Bali island has become a world tourist destination since the colonial period. Bali even almost made to be a "living museum" through Baliseering program by the Dutch Colonial Government in the 1930s, with the pretext of protecting Balinese culture.
 The proscenium stage was introduced for the Balinese architectural performance venue. At the Colonial Tourism Exhibition in Paris in 1931, the Dutch Colonial Government introduced a unique Balinese architecture. The Balinese ethnographic museum was also built by combining the architectural
 concepts of Pura and Puri in Bali. After Indonesia's independence in 1945, tourism activities are continued by the Balinese Regional Government. To protect the values of traditional architecture in the midst of the tourism development in the global era, the Balinese Regional
 Government made special regulations related to ethics and the preservation of traditional Balinese architecture. This article discusses the ethics and responsibilities of architects or interior designers in preserving local geniuses of traditional Balinese architecture in the global era. Primarily,
 the study focuses on the aesthetic qualities of local genius and creativity, combined with construction technology, to capture local characters and avoid cultural homogenization.


This study is the first to quantify the Campylobacter contamination in chicken farm waters. Water samples from 10 broiler chicken farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand, were collected during winter, summer, and rainy season. Four types of water i.e. 3 drinking water, 1 main tank water, 1 evaporative pond water, and 1 environmental water sample were collected at each farm twice during 1-15, and 16-35 days of rearing. In total, 360 water samples were sampled. The overall occurrence rate of contamination was 0.3% (1/360). Only 1 environmental water sample (1.7%, 1/60) was found contaminated with Campylobacter species. Water collected during the later stage of rearing (16-35 days) was positive for Campylobacter spp. contamination. The extent of contamination was greater than 230 MPN/100 ml. However, drinking and main tank water were free of Campylobacter spp. contamination.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of anti-corruption education and training in order to prevent corruption of public officials as a cause of disasters, and to suggest ways to strengthen the capabilities of public officials to avoid conflicts of interest. As a result of the analysis, the laws and regulations for ethics and integrity duties and public financial management of public officials are increasing, while the duties of the state and the duties of public officials who perform them are also increasing. However, standards for the integrity and morality of public officials are scattered in individual laws.
The measures to prevent corruption of public officials and manage conflicts of interest are as follows. First, policy support is needed to activate the conflict-of-interest avoidance system proposed by the current law. Second, it is necessary to integrate such complex and scattered anti-corruption laws and systems. Third, it is necessary to strictly detect and punish corruption and to come up with realistic measures to improve the treatment of public officials.


High-density environments are crucial places for studying the link between hierarchical structure formation and stellar mass growth in galaxies. In this work, we characterise a massive proto-cluster at z = 2.895 that we found in the COSMOS field using the spectroscopic sample of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS). This is one of the rare structures at z ~ 3 not identified around an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or a radio galaxy, thus it represents an ideal laboratory for investigating the formation of galaxies in dense environments. The structure comprises 12 galaxies with secure spectroscopic redshift in an area of ~ 7′ × 8′, in a total z range of Δz = 0.016. The measured galaxy number overdensity is δ_g = 12 ± 2. This overdensity has a total mass of M ~ 8.1 × 10^(14) M_⊙ in a volume of 13 × 15 × 17 Mpc^3. Simulations indicate that such an overdensity at z ~ 2.9 is a proto-cluster, which will collapse in a cluster of total mass M_(z = 0) ~ 2.5 × 10^(15) M_⊙ at z = 0, i.e. a massive cluster in the local Universe. We analysed the properties of the galaxies within the overdensity, and we compared them with acontrol sample at the same redshift but outside the overdensity. We could not find any statistically significant difference between the properties (stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate, NUV-r and r − K colours) of the galaxies inside and outside the overdensity, but this result might be due to the lack of statistics or possibly to the specific galaxy population sampled by VUDS, which could be less affected by environment than the other populations not probed by the survey. The stacked spectrum of galaxies in the background of the overdensity shows a significant absorption feature at the wavelength of Lyα redshifted at z = 2.895 (λ = 4736 A), with a rest frame equivalent width (EW) of 4 ± 1.4 A. Stacking only background galaxies without intervening sources at z ~ 2.9 along their line of sight, we find that this absorption feature has a rest frame EW of 10.8 ± 3.7 A, with a detection S/N of ~4. We verify that this measurement is not likely to be due to noise fluctuations. These EW values imply a high column density (N(HI) ~ 3−20 × 10^(19) cm^(-2)), consistent with a scenario where such absorption is due to intervening cold streams of gas that are falling into the halo potential wells of the proto-cluster galaxies. Nevertheless, we cannot rule out the hypothesis that this absorption line is related to the diffuse gas within the overdensity.


: On November 19, 2012, HJ-1-C was launched successfully, which is the first civil Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite in China and is also the only S-band SAR on-orbit satellite in the world. During the on-orbit period, National Disaster Reduction Center of China (NDRCC) preliminarily evaluated the application capacity towards the ice disaster, and also evaluated the relative precision by using multispectral images of ZY-3 satellite. The result shows that, the S-band SAR satellite has super response towards ice. Entirely freeze-up area, non entirely freeze-up area and drift ice area can be effectively identified, and the S-band SAR satellite has better disaster reduction application capacity. The S-band SAR satellite data will fill up the band's blank of SAR satellite in China and even the world, and its disaster reduction potentiality remains to be excavated further more.


This article addresses the central constitutional issue before the Supreme Court of the United States in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York, New York – that is whether the Second Amendment protects a basic right to transport firearms for certain lawful purposes. This article is comprised of three parts. Part I discusses why New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York, New York should be decided on narrow grounds, particularly if the Supreme Court should adopt a history-in-law approach to adjudicating the case. Part II examines the history of regulating the transportation of firearms and other deadly weapons. Lastly, Part III makes the brief case for striking down New York City's transportation restriction as unconstitutional per se.


A growing body of empirical studies have been interpreted as support for a laissez-faire policy towards mergers. These "event studies" examine the reaction of stock market prices of firms that announce an agreement to merge. The type ~f reaction reveals whether a merger is motivated by a desire for market power or purely to improve market efficiency. In this paper, a version of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is applied to determine if abnormal returns are earned by rivals of 22 pairs of firms whose attempted horizontal mergers were challenged by the federal antitrust agencies. At most eight, and possibly only five, of the cases were found to be motivated by efficiency in seeking merger, and at most six, and possibly only one, were motivated by market power; the rest were inconclusive. The event-study technique is highly flawed for the study of business-regulation effects. Numerous unrealistic assumptions, inappropriate data constraints, and questionable interpretations hamper .the application of this technique to policy analysis.


ABSTRACT We present a PCR method targeting the 23S-5S internal transcribed spacer coupled with reverse line blotting that allows Rickettsia species detection and identification in a single step. The method is highly sensitive and specific in identifying Rickettsia species from both patient and environmental samples. The generic approach used allowed us to identify new pathogens.


Arabidopsis CKI1 (cytokinin independent 1) is a histidine kinase protein involved in the two-component system, which can activate two-component signaling via the downstream histidine phospho-transfer proteins, playing the essential roles in central cell fate determination and development regulation in embryo sacs. However, studies on CKI1 upstream transcription regulators are still limited. In the present study, promoter activities with varying fragments were investigated, and CKI1 upstream transcription regulators were screened and identified by the yeast-one hybrid technique. Results indicated F5/R2 fragments located in the intron region showed promoter activities in embryo sacs, which is consistent with CKI1 full-length promoters. Then three tandem repeats of F5/R2 fragments were used to construct the bait expression vector, and Arabidopsis pistils were collected for cDNA library construction. Totally, 226 positive clones were screened by the yeast-one hybrid technique, 66 readable sequences were retrieved after removing sequences with low quality and redundant repeats, among which eight proteins could act as DNA-binding proteins. These results provided some important clues to study the molecular function of CKI1 in the transcription regulation network.


Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inherited disorder associated with defects in Fas-mediated apoptosis, characterized most often by childhood onset of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoimmune phenomena. Children with sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) have a somewhat similar clinical phenotype in which prominent adenopathy also is associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoimmune phenomena are reported in 10-15% of cases. We observed histopathological features of SHML in the lymph nodes of some of our ALPS patients, further suggesting an association between these two disorders. We, thus, reviewed the lymph nodes from 44 patients ALPS type Ia, all of whom were confirmed to have germline mutations in the TNFRSF6 gene encoding Fas (CD95/Apo-1). Eighteen of 44 (41%) patients had a histiocytic proliferation resembling SHML. The affected patients included 15 males and 3 females ranging in age from 11 months to 30 years at the time of the LN biopsy. The lymph nodes contained S-100+ histiocytes with characteristic nuclear features of SHML, and showed evidence of emperipolesis in both hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and immunostained sections. The extent of the histiocytic proliferation was variable, being confluent in 2 cases, multifocal in 13, and only evident as isolated SHML-type histiocytes in 3. In lymph nodes without confluent SHML changes, increased numbers of CD3+CD4−CD8− (double negative) αβ T-cells, also negative for CD45RO, a feature of ALPS, could be identified in the paracortex. Furthermore, because SHML shares many clinical features with ALPS, we sought evidence of ALPS in sporadic SHML. We attempted to sequence TNFRSF6 DNA from archived tissue of 14 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Full sequencing of the gene was successful in 4 of the cases; no mutations were identified. Nevertheless, our observations suggest that histologic features of SHML are part of the pathologic spectrum of ALPS type Ia. It remains to be determined if some cases of apparently sporadic SHML may be associated with heritable defects in Fas-mediated apoptosis.


This review gives an overview of the electrochemical investigations about the properties of various types of graphene composites in the ethanol oxidation. Various routes to provide appropriate graphene-based materials required electrochemical techniques for investigation of different types of the materials as well as their performance and efficacy in ethanol oxidation are discussed in detail. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of suitable materials, e. g. noble metals (graphene-supported binary and ternary metal nanoparticles), metal oxides, conductive polymer, etc, with graphene results in excellent electrocatalytic activity, superb durability and selectivity in ethanol oxidation. Immobilization of electrocatalytically active NPs on graphene supports using physical approaches is considered as an effective route to prepare direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) anode catalysts.


Signals with finite time support are frequently used in active sonar and radar processing. In these applications, for ef- ficient computations, it is necessary to have a compact description of the signals' shape and time evolution. For this purpose, the Her- mite series expansions are used in this paper to approximate an arbitrary enveloped linear frequency modulated signal. The Her- mite basis functions are based on the product of Hermite polyno- mials and a Gaussian function. The analytical expressions for the Fourier transform of linear frequency modulated (LFM) Hermite functions are presented. It is proposed to use the Fourier trans- form of LFM Hermite functions for efficient computation of the wideband cross-ambiguity function (WCAF) for target parameter estimation in active sonar processing. Efficient 2-D search methods are also proposed to obtain parameters from the WCAF.


In recent years, the role of oxidative stress has been investigated in an increasing number of infections. There is a close link between the inflammation that accompanies infections and oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species induce harmful effects on cell components, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence attests to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral liver infections, especially in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the data are limited, but important progress has been achieved in recent years. This review presents the latest advances pertaining to the role of the oxidative stress byproducts in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, constituting a source of potential new markers for the evaluation and monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis B.


BACKGROUND The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) estimates that, in 2011, 25% of people living with HIV in Canada were undiagnosed. Hesitation to seek testing may arise from fear, stigma and discrimination associated with the HIV diagnosis and related risk behaviours. This guide is designed to complement existing efforts to support care providers involved in HIV testing, in order to reduce the number of undiagnosed HIV infections in Canada. APPROACH PHAC commissioned a literature review and consulted with provinces and territories, and key stakeholders, including people living with HIV/AIDS, academics, nurses, physicians, professional associations, non-governmental organizations, policy-makers, community workers, and legal and ethical experts. As a result, the recommendations outlined in the guide are based on the most up-to-date evidence and expert opinion. SCREENING AND TESTING GUIDE The consideration and discussion of HIV testing should be made a component of routine periodic medical care. Offering HIV testing routinely can help normalize testing, and address the multiple barriers to reducing the number of undiagnosed cases in Canada. Begin with a brief explanation to the client on how HIV is transmitted: through unprotected sex, the sharing of drug-use equipment, and from a pregnant mother to her child. Clients can then consider their own situation and indicate whether they would like to have an HIV test. Upon request, a risk assessment may be conducted. As with other tests, testing is voluntary and verbal consent is sufficient. Negative test results provide an opportunity to remind clients of those practices that can help them maintain an HIV-negative status. There are a range of referrals and resources available to assist clients in reducing at-risk activities and maintaining a negative status. Those who are part of a couple should be encouraged to discuss HIV testing with their partners so they're not unknowingly involved in a serodiscordant relationship. Positive test results should always be provided in person and ideally by the initial care provider who has information resources and support referrals at the ready. An HIV positive diagnosis can be difficult news; it is important to take the time to discuss the results and answer any questions the client might have. Focus on positive messages by highlighting advances in HIV care, treatment and support. Note that HIV is now considered a chronic illness, and people living with HIV can live long, active and healthy lives. Advise the client about strategies for managing HIV and link them to care. Provide risk reduction information to prevent transmission Make the client aware that positive test results will be shared confidentially with the local public health department, which can assist in notifying previous and current partners of the need to be tested while protecting the client's anonymity and privacy. Strategies for informing past, current and future partners can be reviewed. If not already completed with the HIV test, clients should be tested for other STIs, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis.


Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) or FO-WLP (Fan-out wafer-level packaging) is investigated as a package for MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) for automotive radar applications in the 77GHz range. Special focus is put on the thermo-mechanical performance to achieve automotive quality targets. The typical fatigue modes "solder ball fatigue" and "copper fatigue", evolving during thermo-mechanical stress like cycling on board will be discussed. Simulation as well as experimental preparation results for typical fatigue levels are given. In addition, several influencing parameters are listed and rated regarding their effectiveness. The theoretical framework why solder ball fatigue is the only failure mode causing electrical failure is provided. The impact of different thermo-mechanically driven fatigue modes is discussed. The two important parameters to be considered for the functionality of the Radar system are RF (Radio Frequency) and thermal performance. For elaborating the RF performance with present fatigue modes, the phase shift between different channels and pads is analyzed by full-wave EM (Electromagnetic) simulation. It is found that for fatigue levels up to 90% the phase shift stays below specification for single fatigue modes and may approach specification only for an unlikely combination of all 90% fatigue modes. For assessing the thermal performance with present fatigue modes, thermal simulation as well as thermal measurements are used. Assuming 50% degradation in average for all thermal balls, an increase in RTH of up to about 30% is seen. On average for all thermal measurements, the deviation between measurement and simulation is within ±1°C.


Recently, both academia and industry have recognized the need for leveraging real-time information for the purposes of specifying, enforcing and maintaining rich and flexible authorization policies. In such a context, security-related properties, a.k.a., attributes, have been recognized as a convenient abstraction for providing a well-defined representation of such information, allowing for them to be created and exchanged by different independently-run organizational domains for authorization purposes. However, attackers may attempt to compromise the way attributes are generated and communicated by recurring to hacking techniques, e.g., forgery, in an effort to bypass authorization policies and their corresponding enforcement mechanisms and gain unintended access to sensitive resources as a result. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that allows for enterprises to pro-actively collect attributes from the different entities involved in the access request process, e.g., users, subjects, protected resources, and running environments. After the collection, we aim to carefully select the attributes that uniquely identify the aforementioned entities, and randomly mutate the original access policies over time by adding additional policy rules constructed from the newly-identified attributes. This way, even when attackers are able to compromise the original attributes, our mutated policies may offer an additional layer of protection to deter ongoing and future attacks. We present the rationale and experimental results supporting our proposal, which provide evidence of its suitability for being deployed in practice.


Context. The role of magnetic fields in the star formation process is a contentious matter of debate. In particular, no clear observational proof exists of a general influence by magnetic fields during the initial collapse of molecular clouds. Aims. Our aim is to examine magnetic fields and their influence on a wide range of spatial scales in low-mass star-forming regions. Methods. We trace the large-scale magnetic field structure on scales of 10 3 10 5 AU in the local environment of Bok globules through optical and near-infrared polarimetry and combine these measurements with existing submillimeter measurements, thereby characterizing the small-scale magnetic field structure on scales of 10 2 10 3 AU. Results. For the first time, we present polarimetric observations in the optical and near-infrared of the three Bok globules B335, CB68, and CB54, combined with archival observations in the submillimeter and the optical. We find a significant polarization signal (P & 2%; P= P > 3) in the optical and near-infrared for all three globules. Additionally, we detect a connection between the structure on scales of 10 2 10 3 AU to 10 3 10 4 AU for both B335 and CB68. Furthermore, for CB54, we trace ordered polarization vectors on scales of 10 5 AU. We determine a magnetic field orientation that is aligned with the CO outflow in the case of CB54, but nearly perpendicular to the CO outflow for CB68. For B335 we find a change in the magnetic field oriented toward the outflow direction, from the inner core to the outer regions. Conclusions. We find strongly aligned polarization vectors that indicate dominant magnetic fields on a wide range of spatial scales.


This study is about microstructure characterization and understanding the flexural properties of plain-woven sisal fabric reinforced epoxy composites. Vibrational Spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) were used to describe the plain-woven sisal fabric and sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two laying angles were incorporated into the epoxy resin (10 percent), i.e. [0°/90°] and [0°/45°]. To isolate the effect of epoxy type and whether woven sisal fibers were used, an analytical design that is based on [0°/90°] and [0°/45°] orientation used the results. Epoxy treated with woven sisal fibers had a higher tensile (0.62 GPa) and flexural modulus (0.69 GPa) with tensile (17 MPa) and flexural strength (14 MPa) while being applied to a surface that is sloped at 0°/45° and which generates a displacement force of approximately 12 mm and strain 15.8 %. While conventional Weibull failure theory has long been widely used to explain the failure of brittle bulk materials, this new equation integrates that theory with the lay angle effect on flexural strength in plain sisal to calculate flexural strength reinforcement in epoxy. This new method can be applied to any fiber reinforcement, regardless of the type, and in terms of the failure of that reinforcement, which is governed by linear elastic fracture mechanics, and agreement between experimental data sets is excellent. According to our expectations, this theoretical study is going to provide a new method for the advanced strain engineering system to be built using reinforced fibers.


Understanding the geometric properties of gradient descent dynamics is a key ingredient in deciphering the recent success of very large machine learning models. A striking observation is that trained over-parameterized models retain some properties of the optimization initialization. This"implicit bias"is believed to be responsible for some favorable properties of the trained models and could explain their good generalization properties. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we rigorously expose the definition and basic properties of"conservation laws", which are maximal sets of independent quantities conserved during gradient flows of a given model (e.g. of a ReLU network with a given architecture) with any training data and any loss. Then we explain how to find the exact number of these quantities by performing finite-dimensional algebraic manipulations on the Lie algebra generated by the Jacobian of the model. Finally, we provide algorithms (implemented in SageMath) to: a) compute a family of polynomial laws; b) compute the number of (not necessarily polynomial) conservation laws. We provide showcase examples that we fully work out theoretically. Besides, applying the two algorithms confirms for a number of ReLU network architectures that all known laws are recovered by the algorithm, and that there are no other laws. Such computational tools pave the way to understanding desirable properties of optimization initialization in large machine learning models.


Modern education needs use all resources to improve teaching-learning process. To achieve this goal, technology can be a sharp allied. Especially to the engineering education, which seeks the balance among theoretical and practice lessons. Thus, many universities are using the virtual labs and virtual worlds 3D like way to support the student's learning and enrich the teaching methods. High tech classes, broadband communication, mobility and ubiquity aren't enough if the student's engagement can't be measured. This work presents a proposal to monitor the virtual lab use by students, showing the educational parameters in a graphical interface, following the suitable pedagogical concepts.


OBJECTIVES
A number of treatment modalities are available in the management of oral cavity cancer. These are surgery (operation OP), irradiation (radiotherapy RT), chemotherapy (CHT), or complex therapy performed as a combination of the later three methods with various survival rates. A multidisciplinary team approach in every individual case is required.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS
Authors analysed retrospectively a group of 622 patients (553 men, 69 women), mean age 58.6 years (range 23-88 years) hospitalised in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava within the years 1992-2001 with primary untreated histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (beside cancer of the lip and salivary glands). Gender, age, location and TNM staging of the disease, clinical and histopathological evaluations of the neck lymph nodes and relationship to the treatment modalities were recorded. The authors compared some parameters of the results obtained during their previous study within the years 1977-1986 (453 patients).

RESULTS
The number of cases with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity increased by 37.31% in total as well as that of cases with advanced disease, especially stage IV (318 patients = 56.6%) increased by 7.6%. In the studied group there occurred cases that were clinically falsely negative by NO (11.04%) as well as falsely positive by N1 (39.1%) when examined by palpation of lymph nodes. The overall 5-year survival rate remained at the same level (55.4 %), the early and late stages did not change the survival rate at the 5th year (I = 75.1%, II = 69.9%, III = 47.5%, IV = 25.1%). Regarding the complexity of treatment, the best 5-year survival rates showed the complex three-modal therapy (CHT + OP + RT = 23.5%), comparing to the dual (OP + RT or CHT + RT = 19.4%) and mono-modal therapy (OP or RT alone = 17.2%). In the complex therapy, the mean disease-free interval improved (30.2 vs 39.4 months) due to a change in the sequence of therapy modalities.

CONCLUSION
The increase in the number of cases with advanced disease has a warning trend. The reasons of this trend remain unclear. In spite of the fact that the overal 5-year survival was found not to improve, the quality of life regarding the mean disease-free interval in the group of patients under the complex treatment is considered to be a positive result (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 27). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.


Therapy of severe atopic dermatitis, which is refractory to consistent treatment with topical steroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors is still a problem in many cases. The use of cyclosporine, which is the only approved systemic drug for the therapy of severe atopic dermatitis, is often limited by contraindications or adverse reactions. In this context, results from controlled and open-label studies with novel therapeutic approaches such as methotrexate, omalizumab or rituximab, which are in part very promising, are of great interest. In this work we would like to provide an overview of established and new therapeutic options for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis.