In order to improve motor torque density and efficiency, the configuration and operation principle of Radial-Flux Anti-Rotary PMSM (RFAR PMSM) are introduced. After the mathematic model being deduced, simulation model of RFAR PMSM is established using Matlab/Simulink software. A new direct torque control system for RFAR PMSM is designed, and the speed following strategy of two rotors on disturbance condition is proposed to maintain the equal speed of two rotors. The simulation result, which well matches the theory analysis verified that direct torque control is competent for speed regulating of RFAR PMSM with advantages of high mechanical robustness and quick torque response.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has generated widespread healthcare concerns and has overburdened healthcare institutions. As the number of COVID19 patients recovers, so does the frequency of reports of COVID19-like symptoms following discharge. A telephone survey with standardized questions was undertaken in which participants were asked if they had had any of 25 possible sequelae after being diagnosed with COVID19 and treated with a Chlorine Dioxide Solution (CDS). One hundred sixty-one people completed the survey. We discovered that rising age is a risk factor (OR = 1.035, p = 0.028, 95% CI = 1.004-1.069), and the odds of having any symptoms in moderate patients is 0.077 compared to mild patients (P = 0.003). It was predicted that 64.6 percent of patients treated with CDS for SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced an average of 3.41 long-term effects. There were no variations in the number of sequelae reported by sex, age, COVID19 severity, or therapy method. The five most prevalent manifestations of the 25 distinct long-term symptoms observed in this study were fatigue, hair loss, dyspnea, concentration problem, and sleep difficulties. In addition, individuals treated with multiple drugs (COVID19 conventional treatment plus a CDS) had 2.7 fewer cases of sequelae, and patients treated exclusively with CDS had 6.14 fewer incidences of long-term effects. People who get a CDS are 19% less likely to experience long-term health effects than patients who receive standard COVID19 therapy. According to the findings of this study, patients who receive a CDS have a reduced probability of developing sequelae. Furthermore, the incidence of long-term effects is lower in individuals treated exclusively with a CDS. The recent findings involving Chlorine Dioxide support the development of clinical studies to evaluate its efficacy in preventing the development of COVID19 long-term effects.


Introduction: The success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment depends on several factors, including proper patient selection, accurate electrode placement, and adequate stimulation settings. Another factor that may impact long-term satisfaction and therapy outcomes is the type of implantable pulse generator (IPG) used: rechargeable or non-rechargeable. However, there are currently no guidelines on the choice of IPG type. The present study investigates the current practices, opinions, and factors DBS clinicians consider when choosing an IPG for their patients. Methods: Between December 2021 and June 2022, we sent a structured questionnaire with 42 questions to DBS experts of two international, functional neurosurgery societies. The questionnaire included a rating scale where participants could rate the factors influencing their choice of IPG type and their satisfaction with certain IPG aspects. Additionally, we presented four clinical case scenarios to assess preference of choice of IPG-type in each case. Results: Eighty-seven participants from 30 different countries completed the questionnaire. The three most relevant factors for IPG choice were "existing social support," "cognitive status," and "patient age." Most participants believed that patients valued avoiding repetitive replacement surgeries more than the burden of regularly recharging the IPG. Participants reported that they implanted the same amount of rechargeable as non-rechargeable IPGs for primary DBS insertions and 20% converted non-rechargeable to rechargeable IPGs during IPG replacements. Most participants estimated that rechargeable was the more cost-effective option. Conclusion: This present study shows that the decision-making of the choice of IPG is very individualized. We identified the key factors influencing the physician's choice of IPG. Compared to patient-centric studies, clinicians may value different aspects. Therefore, clinicians should rely not only on their opinion but also counsel patients on different types of IPGs and consider the patient's preferences. Uniform global guidelines on IPG choice may not represent regional or national differences in the healthcare systems.


Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations is an important component of Sustainable Development Goal 6: achieving universal and equitable access to basic WaSH services by 2030. To date, households have been the main priority in the WaSH sector, and other settings have received less attention. Ensuring that involuntarily displaced persons have adequate WaSH and environmental health services is of critical importance for human rights and development outcomes. The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and World Vision organized a side event at the 2017 UNC Water and Health conference to discuss obstacles and opportunities related to improving environmental conditions in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements. Participants discussed the characteristics of each setting in breakout discussion groups, and then came together to discuss the similarities and differences between the three settings. Our goal was to allow common themes and lessons to emerge and to develop recommendations and shape future research. This side event provided an opportunity for participants from different professional backgrounds to share their experiences working with involuntarily displaced populations and discuss ways forward.


Background: The most common non-cutaneous malignancy for men is Prostate cancer (PCa). PCa diagnosed by biopsy and PSA detection. Bone metastasis (BM) causes a lot of complications, such as bone pain and pathological fracture that cause overall compromised quality of life. Bone scintigraphy (BS) is commonly used for monitoring and detection of (BM). Objective: To correlate between serum PSA level and BM in PCa patients on series of 250 patients through detecting PSA levels and BSs. Patients and Methods: In the present study Patients were stratified (group A) & (group B) according to BM. Out of the 250 patients, 180 patients (Group A localized PCa) were with age range from 57 -92 years, the remaining 70 patients (Group B metastasis PCa) the age range was 53-88 years. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level for both groups were detected. Results: By comparing group A and group B there was a highly significant difference in PSA value in favor of positive BS group (p-value < 0.001). The present study recommends BS in asymptomatic patients with PSA above 60 Ng/ml. Conclusion: PCa is the most common malignant non-cutaneous tumor for men. The most common spread for PCa is bone spread. Age doesn't correlate with BM in PCa patients. PSA total show highly significance with BM in PCa patients. PSA cut-off value for BM in PCa patients was 60 Ng/ml so it was recommended to perform BS for asymptomatic patients with PSA total above 60 Ng/ml.


The purpose of the present paper/article is to discuss the hermeneutic principles used in reading 'God's two books,' creation and Scripture, together. The first part of the paper outlines and recommends the hermeneutical principles and procedures used by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in the Copernican controversy conflict between the Church and (Christian) scientists on the right to interpret scripture and how to do this informed by science. In the second part of the paper these principles and procedures are applied to a case study on the apparent conflict between the doctrine on common descent in evolutionary biology and the traditional understanding of Adam and Eve as the sole progenitors of humankind. A recent attempt by Joshua Swamidass to synthesize mainstream evolutionary theory with a high-view interpretation of Scripture is commended for allowing the scientific consensus to prompt a reconsideration of the traditional 'spinal cord reflex' against evolutionary understandings of humankind's descent among Evangelical scholars. For the same reason it is recommended that sandboxes for interpretative and hypothesizing experimentation are created in both the academy and the church in order for various syntheses between interpretations of Scripture and scientific theories to be discussed without inquisitorial strategies hindering a healthy and constructive debate.


Fitness has been revealing a positive impact on the quality of life (QoL) of practitioners and fitness professionals (FPs) represent a role model for their customers in the fitness industry, emphasizing the need to know their QoL indices. The purpose of this study is to characterize the QoL of FPs in Portugal, compare it between groups and correlate QoL with sociodemographic and work-related variables. A total of 388 FPs answered an online survey about sociodemographic and work-related variables and the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Bref QoL Assessment. Descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson and Spearman were used for statistical analysis. The results suggest that FPs in Portugal have different levels of QoL, considering the high standard deviation, with lower average indices than other countries. The lowest scores of QoL were verified in the environment domain. The results of the comparison between groups suggest that being male, married and having a master's degree or higher were the characteristics with better indices of QoL. Age, professional experience and net salary reveal a positive relation/association with QoL. Body&mind group classes (GC) per week, maximal GC per day, paid and unpaid working hours per week and annual expenses related to the profession reveal a negative relation/association. Maximal GC per day results could be an important finding to help minimize the physical problems among FPs and body&mind GC per week results could be an indicator of the FPs adaptation that allows them to remain on the profession. Unpaid working hours per week has the highest number of significant relations/associations with QoL. These findings could be important to improve the QoL of FPs. Thus, they could result in better work capacity and, therefore, fewer professionals would abandon the profession. It would also have a positive impact on the fitness industry and on the promotion of physical activity for a healthier society. More research is needed regarding the QoL of FPs.


The word coconut means the sitting sensation in the island paradise. In reality, a minimum of 5 6 billion coconut trees are harvested each year, with 12 million coconuts exported by Philippines and India, making them the largest exporters of coconut in the world. Also, coconut harvesting plays a very important role in the economy of many developing countries. Unfortunately despite its mass distribution and wide spread around the world, coconut harvesting is still done without proper safety measures which can lead to serious casualties. In this paper, we discuss various models for tree climbing and plucking. We have taken into account the safety, reliability, the ease of use which is capable of climbing trees, cutting down coconuts, cleaning the tree tops and spraying pesticides. This system is so designed that it can be controlled by anyone. A prototype of the arm has been designed and tested successfully, using Microsoft Kinect. The designed prototype responds to human gestures with negligible gap in the response time and hence can be implemented in real time.


Abstract Perianeurysmal cysts are an extremely rare association with cerebral aneurysms. We report the case of a 64 year old male who presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to a perianeurysmal cyst. The cyst originated in association with a thrombosed, right-sided, terminal internal carotid artery aneurysm. Definitive management was offered with craniotomy and surgical clipping of the aneurysm together with endoscopic cyst fenestration. The patient made a full recovery and was asymptomatic at 3-month follow-up. We review the literature and discuss the potential mechanisms of cyst formation.


A new marking technique useful for studying mating behavior and isolating and releasing mechanisms of Odonates was developed and tested. Fluorescent pigments mixed with vaseline are applied so that some of the paste is transferred during mating. Application is to the male caudal appendages or their points of contact on the female. An ultraviolet light is then used to check field collected individuals for transferred pigment.


Every year thousands of computers deemed obsolete by companies upgrading to newer models are kept out of landfills by organizations like World Computer Exchange (WCE)1 which recycle them to schools in developing countries. It is possible to set up at a very low cost, clusters of recycled PCs, using Linux software to substantially reduce the cost of establishing school‐based community Internet centers. In the case of such an implementation in Goa, India by a WCE partner‐NGO the key to its success has been collaboration between the NGO and the private sector to encourage the growth of local Linux support skills and with the government sector ‐ the Goa State Education Department ‐ to ensure the acceptance of Linux in the curriculum, and the provision of teacher training. The Goa Schools Computers project (GSCP)2 project provides an example of how low initial costs of infrastructure and linkages between different stakeholders can result in cost savings of up to 60% over a conventional community Internet cente...


Although lightning rods have long been used to limit damage from lightning, there are currently no American standards for the shape and form of these devices. Following tradition, however, sharp-tipped Franklin rods are widely installed despite evidence that, on occasion, lightning strikes objects in their vicinity. In recent tests of various tip configurations to determine which were preferentially struck by lightning, several hemispherically tipped, blunt rods were struck but none of the nearby, sharper rods were ''hit'' by lightning. Measurements of the currents from the tips of lightning rods exposed to strong electric fields under negatively charged cloud bases show that the emissions consist of periodic ion charge bursts that act to reduce the strength of the local fields. After a burst of charge, no further emissions occur until that charge has moved away from the tip. Laboratory measurements of the emissions from a wide range of electrodes exposed to strong, normalpolarity thunderstorm electric fields show that positive ions are formed and move more readily over sharp-tipped electrodes than over blunter ones. From these findings, it appears that the electric field rates of intensification over sharp rods must be much greater than those over similarly exposed blunt rods for the initiation of upwardgoing leaders. Calculations of the relative strengths of the electric fields above similarly exposed sharp and blunt rods show that although the fields, prior to any emissions, are much stronger at the tip of a sharp rod, they decrease more rapidly with distance. As a result, at a few centimeters above the tip of a 20-mm-diameter blunt rod, the strength of the field is greater than that over an otherwise similar, sharper rod at the same height. Since the field strength at the tip of a sharpened rod tends to be limited by the easy formation of ions in the surrounding air, the field strengths over blunt rods can be much stronger than those at distances greater than 1 cm over sharper ones. The results of this study suggest that moderately blunt metal rods (with tip height‐to‐tip radius of curvature ratios of about 680:1) are better lightning strike receptors than are sharper rods or very blunt ones.


As primary health care providers, optometric physicians need to be knowledgeable about the general anatomy and physiology of the whole human body, not just the eyes. With this emerging role, it becomes difficult to grasp every specific detail of signs, symptoms, etiology, treatment, and epidemiology of all the possible ocular diseases and their relationships to systemic diseases. Occasionally, a patient may walk into the office with a rare disease or a combination of signs and symptoms that just do not seem right. This would necessitate the need to use a reference text or consultation with a colleague in order to provide proper care for that patient. "Pacific Eyes," a Website for education on diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases would be the perfect "on-line colleague" to consult. There is also the convenience of entering key signs and symptoms that the patient presents with and performing a search for all the possible ocular diseases that present with these characteristics. Another benefit of consulting this site rather than a reference text is that information on the selected disease can be printed and sent home with the patient for educational purposes. Patient education is an often forgotten portion of a comprehensive examination.


The OMEGA instrument onboard of ESA's Mars Express mission is the first hyperspectral sensor that has collected data from Mars. The OMEGA team has shown that Mars has considerable surface compositional variation. Spectral interpretation and mineral mapping, however, is difficult on a pixel-by-pixel basis due to sensor noise, an atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide and especially an unknown surface cover. An object- based segmentation approach is for datasets that are acquired in areas from which we do not have a-priori knowledge useful to ignore the scene-wide effects of the unknown atmosphere and to enhance the spectral contrast of the planet's surface, without any human bias. Unlike common segmentation procedures where distances in feature space are used for pixel similarity criteria, the OMEGA data is segmented using similarity criteria based on spectral absorption feature parameters such as position, depth and area. This paper shows the first results of an object-based processing of OMEGA data and discusses possibilities of future development.


Should Japan and South Korea declare a nuclear weapon-free zone ? My answer is: 'No, not without a substantial change in the regime in North Korea.' Certainly the idea of such a zone is intriguing, but it is just not realistic. A fundamental question that must be asked before considering such an idea is whether or not Japan and South Korea would be safer under a nuclear weapon-free zone while North Korea retains its nuclear capability.


ABSTRACT:
 Fire suppression and altered water drainage often change community structure and species composition in human-dominated ecosystems. We describe the decline of sawgrass marshes between 1940 and 2002, and assess the current condition of remnant marshes within the MacKay Tract, an isolated wetland embedded within rapidly developing eastern Orlando, Florida. We tested the correlation between live sawgrass and presence of adult hardwood trees and seedlings (primarily red maple, Acer rubrum) and describe vegetation in plots with different levels of tree encroachment. Total area occupied by open sawgrass in the MacKay Tract has declined dramatically the last 60 years; in 2006, open sawgrass comprised only 12% of the area covered in 1940. Tree basal cover was negatively associated with live sawgrass and positively related to red maple seedling density, but not associated with dead sawgrass tussocks. Sawgrass was positively correlated with the second axis of a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination on understory plant assemblage, while red maple seedlings and several species associated with disturbed areas were significantly negatively correlated with this axis. Another nine plant species were positively correlated with the first axis, while Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) was negatively associated with it. We suggest that woody species are continuing to colonize what is left of the sawgrass marsh. Without intervention (e.g., restoring hydrologic flow and fire), the sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz) area within the marsh will continue being replaced by woody and exotic species.


The aim of the present study was to characterise the ovarian preantral follicle (PF) population and to establish a solid surface vitrification (SSV) process using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant for preservation of ovarian tissue from yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii). Ovaries were fixed for PF population analysis or were subjected to the SSV process. The mean (± s.e.m.) PF population per ovarian pair was estimated to be 416.0 ± 342.8. There were 140.0 ± 56.0 (63.4%) and 125.0 ± 58.0 (64.0%) primary follicles on the right and left ovaries, respectively. The proportion of this follicle category was significantly greater than that of other follicle categories (P < 0.05). The diameter of follicles (123.7 ± 18.3 µm), oocytes (50.1 ± 5.0 µm) and nuclei (14.27 ± 2.01 µm) was larger for secondary ones when compared with other PFs categories. Most PFs were morphologically normal (94.6%), with light microscopy identifying only a few atretic follicles (5.4%). After SSV, there was a reduction in the proportion of morphologically normal PFs compared with the non-vitrified group (69.5% vs 91.2%, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy revealed preservation of oocytes and granulosa cell membranes and the morphological aspect of follicles; the primary change observed in some vitrified PFs was the presence of vacuoles in the oocytes and granulosa cells cytoplasm and turgid mitochondria. In conclusion, the present study provides an estimative and characterization for the PF population in ovaries of G. spixii. Moreover, we report its PFs cryopreservation using an SSV process.


"The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the lifetime migration patterns into the major cities of selected developed and developing countries. This study was confined to cities in...the United States and certain Asian and African countries with relevant published data.... This paper has shown that some lifetime population movements were exceptionally high. Two-thirds of the residents of the major U.S. cities in 1970 were born elsewhere. The major cities in sub-Saharan Africa were second highest with 60 percent. Asian cities followed with 48 percent of their residents being lifetime migrants and the cities of North Africa were lowest with less than a third. Finally, the native population born and reared in most urban agglomerations will probably comprise a larger percentage of the total population in those areas in the future." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)


Groundwater can be considered as a non-polluting renewable energy source. It can be used as a fluid in the industrial, commercial, and residential building heating and air-conditioning systems. Usually, the water table is deep enough, so the atmospheric conditions have a negligible influence on the water temperature. For that reason, the annual variation in the temperature is minor, therefore, the groundwater can also be considered a reliable energy source. This paper presents some aspects of the heat pump wells design and addresses specific problems that can occur during their exploitation. The heat pump system consists of two types of wells: exploitation and drainage well. It is shown that the distance between the two is a crucial parameter that affects the whole system efficiency. An example of wells design for a production hall heat pump is given. The wells are constructed is in the northern part of Croatia. The geological and hydrogeological conditions at the site are highly favourable regarding the water temperature and soil hydraulic conductivity. Because of the insufficient distance between the wells, the temperature in exploitation well rose, which reduced the heating system efficiency.


Currently, the state-of-the-art image classification algorithms outperform the best available object detector by a big margin in terms of average precision. We, therefore, propose a simple yet principled approach that allows us to leverage object detection through image classification on supporting regions specified by a preliminary object detector. Using a simple bag-of- words model based image classification algorithm, we leveraged the performance of the deformable model objector from 35.9% to 39.5% in average precision over 20 categories on standard PASCAL VOC 2007 detection dataset.


Colonies in flux reactions to change lords and servants satisfaction with colonial status European events tracing causes in Spanish America the first war of independence the second war of independence the meaning of independence.


The Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) requires all Malaysian and non-Malaysian students to complete the General Studies as pre-requisite for the award of a certificate, diploma or undergraduate degree. Added to this, the MQA in Malaysia, has introduced the MQA Rating System, SETARA, to measure the performance of undergraduate teaching and learning in universities and university colleges in Malaysia. Therefore, it becomes imperative for all Universities and Colleges across Malaysia to abide by the rules and regulations of the MQA in maintain the delivery of the General Studies at par with that of the core subjects for all undergraduate students. As such, this study attempts to capture the Behavioral intension of University Students in MOOCS, while taking their two compulsory General Studies, namely, Tamadun Islam and Tamadun Asia (TITAS) and Ethnic relationship (Hubungan Etnik). The result discussed in this study are pertaining to 766 students across Malaysian universities. The results did not show any significant correlations of Intention to Enroll in MOOCs with Tamadun Islam & Tamadun Asia and Hubungan Etnik. Finally the last phase performed a multiple linear regression to test the insignificance effects of Tamadun Islam and Tamadun Asia and Hubungan Etnik on Intention to Enroll in MOOCs which refer to hypotheses H1 and H2. The results indicated that Tamadun Islam and Tamadun Asia and Hubungan Etnik have no significant effects on Intention to Enroll in MOOCs. Keyworkds : Tamadun Islam & Tamadun Asia (TITAS), Ethnic Relationship (Hubungan Etnik)


Over the past years, the rapid increase in device functionality and miniaturization has stimulated the demand for novel topologies and materials. One such trend is the emergence of one-dimensional nanostructures in electronic components. Given the embryonic stage of these applications, adequate modeling tools should be developed to investigate the structures' intricate dynamics. This encompasses the interplay of the charge carriers, described by the laws of quantum mechanics (QM), with external and self-generated electromagnetic (EM) fields. However, the EM/QM co-simulation of those systems is challenging owing to the multiscale and multiphysics aspects of the problem. In this work, we improve upon existing modeling techniques by invoking an alternating-direction hybrid implicit-explicit (ADHIE) scheme for the EM potentials. The dynamics of the charge carriers in the quantum system are described through the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) formalism, discretized on the real-space grid. The new technique is put to the test by considering the near-field coupling between two nanowires. Compared with a conventional Yee-based approach, the proposed ADHIE-TDDFT method demonstrates similar accuracy, while reducing the computation time by more than a factor of five.


A cardiac arrest victim's chances of survival are largely dependant on the availability at the scene, of a witness familiar with CPR skills. Many efforts have been invested in teaching CPR skills to as many people as possible and new ways are constantly being researched to distribute and extend these skills to the wider population. We report a case whose survival was due to CPR performed by a lay family member with no previous official training in resuscitation. The rescuer admitted that she had recalled the CPR technique from a popular medical drama on television (TV) and that she was absolutely unaware of her CPR potential capabilities. TV producers and health policy makers should exploit highly rated TV feature programs such as medical dramas to transmit useful hidden messages such as CPR skill to the public. In due time this policy may prove to be a life saver.


This paper analyses the recent changes in UK cultural policies and the impacts these have had on arts festival provision. It is argued that many UK arts festivals have become linked to the cultural economy and instrumentalist, cross-cutting, target-driven policies. Due to the nature of New Labour's objectives, it is suggested that the government's approach towards festivals in contemporary UK society is becoming more about place management, participation and economic development. These changes in the perception and support of arts festivals can be seen to have an impact on their design, development and distribution. It is argued that because of the changing emphasis on economic and political outcomes, there has been an increasing standardisation and sanitisation of UK arts festivals. Research methods include a survey sent to 117 UK arts festivals (56% response rate) and in-depth interviews with arts council officers, city council officials and festival managers.


ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are widely distributed and present in a number of tissues including muscle, pancreatic beta cells and the brain. Their activity is regulated by adenine nucleotides, characteristically being activated by falling ATP and rising ADP levels. Thus, they link cellular metabolism with membrane excitability. Recent studies using genetically modified mice and genomic studies in patients have implicated KATP channels in a number of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on their role in cellular function and protection particularly in the cardiovascular system.


The Cray X1 supercomputer is a distributed shared memory vector multiprocessor, scalable to 4096 processors and up to 65 terabytes of memory. The X1's hierarchical design uses the basic building block of the multi-streaming processor (MSP), which is capable of 12.8 GF/s for 64-bit operations. The distributed shared memory (DSM) of the X1 presents a 64-bit global address space that is directly addressable from every MSP with an interconnect bandwidth per computation rate of one byte per floating point operation. Our results show that this high bandwidth and low latency for remote memory accesses translates into improved application performance on important applications, such as an Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver. Furthermore, this architecture naturally supports programming models like the Cray shmem API, Unified Parallel C (UPC), and coarray FORTRAN (CAF), and it is imperative to select the appropriate models to exploit these features as our benchmarks demonstrate.


Brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the major insect pests that affect rice production in Kedah. The BPH attack caused the paddy field to have hopperburn phenomena which is the result of dried up of leaves. This study was conducted purposely to know the population of brown planthopper in paddy fields and the difference of the abundance of brown planthopper population in paddy fields between four provinces involved. The data of brown planthopper population was taken from Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA), which has four provinces under their management; Perlis, Jitra, Pendang and Kota Sarang Semut. The data collected consists of area affected by brown planthopper for three years starting from 2014 until 2016, which has two seasons for each year. This study shows that the area affected by brown planthopper population in Province 2, which is Jitra is the highest for all seasons. The outbreak of the brown planthopper in Jitra become the highest among all provinces due to the excessive pesticide and fertilizer application especially nitrogen on the paddy plant. Meanwhile, Province 1, which is Kangar is the least affected by the attack of brown planthopper population. However, this study shows that brown planthopper is not the major insect pest at the study area due to low percentage of total area affected.


References To study associations between daytimeand nighttime sleep duration and subsequent obesity inchildren and adolescents.And To study relation between duration of sleep andlevel of ghrlein hormo Background: Sleep quality, ghrelin hormone and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome. Objective and hypotheses: To study associations between sleep duration, level of ghrelin and obesity in children and adolescents. Method: A prospective study was conducted on 50 children (their mean age: 8.7±3.2 years) with simple exogenous obesity (BMI SDS >2) recruited from Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Paediatric Unit, Children Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt and 60 children age and sex matched as control. Both patients and control groups were subjected to history taking including sleep history, clinical, Anthropometric assessment and laboratory investigations including (serum ghrelin, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and serum insulin). Results: According to sleep history; 58% of cases showed interrupted sleep, According to mean number of sleep hours 36% of cases sleep < 6 h, 60% sleep 6–8 h, and 4% sleep more than 8 h. Mean number of sleep hours were significant less compared to the control group (P value =0.001). Mean serum ghrelin were significantly higher in cases than control (2.63±1.798 and 1.11±0.412 pg/ml; respectively, P value =0.004). Mean HOMA-IR level highly significant more in cases compared to control group (5.05±2.47 and 2.47±0.56, P value =0.001). Serum triglycerides was significant higher in cases than control group (P value=0.008). There was significant correlation between serum ghrelin level and insulin resistance (P value=0.001 and r=−0.133). There were non-significant correlation between serum ghrelin level and weight SDS (P value=0.18, r=0.03), height SDS (Pvalue=0.6 and r=−0.107), waist to hip ratio circumference (P value=0.8 and r=0.04), BMI SDS (P value=0.3 andr=0.004) and serum triglycerides (P value=0.6 and r=−0.0758). Conclusion: Obese children has short interrupted sleep which leads to increase level of ghrelin hormone and subsequently increase appetite leading to obesityinsulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia.


Energy expenditure at rest (resting metabolic rate, RMR) and during several activities was measured in 20 young (age 19–27 years) and 19 elderly (age 65–78 years) females. Fat‐free mass (FFM) was estimated by means of a four compartment model which accounted for variability in water and bone mineral in the FFM. RMR was lower (P < 0.05) in the elderly (mean ± SE 3.55 ± 0.05 kJ/min) compared to the younger females (3.92 ± 0.09 kJ/min). However, after correction for differences in FFM between the groups, RMR was 3.71 ± 0.07 kJ/min and 3.77 ± 0.06 kJ/min for the elderly and young, respectively, and the difference was not significant. Energy expenditure (EE) during several activities, standing with arm movement, bicycling at 25 Watts, and walking at 3 km/h, were not different between the two groups. However, the physical activity ratios (PAR) for the activities were higher (P < 0.05) in the elderly (1.61 ± 0.03, 3.29 ± 0.07, 4.11 ± 0.16, respectively) than in the young (1.47 ± 0.03, 2.93 ± 0.05, 3.58 ± 0.14, respectively). EE due to physical activity alone (total EE minus RMR) was significantly higher for all activities in the elderly, except for walking at fixed speed of 3 km/h. After correction for the lower relative FFM in the elderly, differences between age groups disappeared. EE for walking 500 m at an individually selected speed was higher in the elderly, although they selected a lower walking speed. Differences between young and elderly decreased when step frequency was taken into account. It is concluded that EE due to physical activity in elderly women is higher than in younger females, but that the differences in EE due to physical activity are largely attributable to differences in body composition. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We studied a 15-year-old boy with chronic intestinal candidiasis who had normal serum IgA levels without IgA in his secretions. There was an elevated number of peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing surface IgA. In addition, the lymphocytes cultured in vitro with pokeweed mitogen produced IgA as well as other immunoglubulins. Despite this evidence of normal IgA synthetic capacity, the patient had greatly diminished levels of IgA in the saliva and jejunal fluid, and, as estimated by 14C-L-leucine incorporation, could not synthesize IgA locally at intestinal-mucosal sites. Finally, the patient had no detectable free secretory component in saliva or jejunal fluid in contrast to normal persons and to patients with IgA deficiency. The basis of this disorder is probably a defect in the homing of IgA precursor cells to secretory sites or in the selective proliferation/differentiation of IgA cells at such sites.


Researches were carried out in the experimental field from the locality Sanzieni, Covasna county, with the aim of determining the effectiveness of some treatment schemes in combating the pathogen Cercospora beticola Sacc. of the sugar beet. The biological material was represented by the Damian, Matti, Vangelis and Tatry varieties. Different treatment schemes were tested and efficacy was calculated. The treatment reduced significantly the attack of cercosporiosis in all the analyzed varieties. The Damian variety registered the highest efficacy value of 91.27% in the Flowbrix + Amistar Gold + Sphere 535 Sc + Solar Bor treatment scheme. The application of treatment schemes led to statistically guaranteed production increases.


This article sheds light on the use of talent-management practices in some of the major hotel groups in South Africa. Growing numbers of organisations globally as well as in South Africa are embracing the concept of talent management, as it has a major impact on the company's competitive advantage. Results reported in the 2008 Travel & Tourism Competitive Report issued by the World Economic Forum (WEF 2008) indicate that as far as the Human Resources dimension of companies in this industry in South Africa is concerned, they fare fairly poorly. As this industry is people intensive, a closer investigation of this aspect was necessary. The research was undertaken in a subcomponent of the tourist accommodation industry, namely hotels. A cluster of 14 hotel groups, representing 33 995 hotel rooms (approximately 77% of all the hotel rooms in South Africa) participated in the survey. Despite the negative finding of the WEF, the results indicate that the hotel groups to a large extent apply the principles underlying talent management within their companies. However, some problem areas do exist, and recommendations are made in this regard.


Abstract Isolated adult rat heart cells were used to study the effects of oxygen deprivation followed by reoxygenation upon myocardial metabolism. Calcium-tolerant nonbeating myocytes were incubated for 5, 30, or 60 min under 100% oxygen or 100% nitrogen and then rinsed with oxygenated buffer. Substrate oxidation was studied by incubating the cells with 14C-labeled glucose, pyruvate, or octanoate and determining the rates of 14CO2 production from the individual substrates. After 5 min of hypoxia, metabolism of glucose, as assessed by glucose oxidation and lactate production, was significantly depressed. Pyruvate and octanoate oxidation were unaltered. Oxygen consumption was also unchanged by short-term hypoxia and reoxygenation. With reoxygenation after 30 min of oxygen deprivation, more exaggerated changes in glucose metabolism were noted as well as a depression in pyruvate oxidation and unaltered octanoate oxidation. Oxidation of octanoate was slightly depressed after 60 min of hypoxia. Cell viability assessed after reoxygenation was not significantly altered until 60 min of oxygen deprivation. The results indicate that cytosolic changes occur after short periods of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation, whereas mitochondrial function is more resistant to damage inflicted by hypoxia and reoxygenation.


In this work, a ring resonator is designed to study the resonance characteristics. The resonance characteristics of the ring resonator dependency on the ring diameter, waveguide width and the gap between the ring and waveguide are considered to be 6μm, $15\mu \text{m}$ and $0.1\mu \text{m}$ respectively. The resonance frequency, free spectral range (FSR), Quality (Q) factor of the resonances are determined. In this simulation, a liquid crystal (LC) is placed as a covering medium for biosensing application. Liquid crystal based Ring resonator is simulated at 1550 nm wavelength.


Introduction Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a leading cause of intestinal failure (IF) and the need for long term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Understanding the anatomical features and nutritional requirements of this sub set of patients within any HPN cohort is vital, given the associated risk of HPN related complications. Moreover, with developments in surgical lengthening and potential for emerging pharmacological interventions, appropriate patient selection is key. However, there may be regional and national differences between different SBS-IF patient populations; this study therefore aimed to develop a greater contemporary understanding of the SBS-IF subset managed within a large U. K. HPN cohort. Method We performed a retrospective observational study from a prospectively maintained database, evaluating patients with type 3 IF managed in a national U. K. centre. Patients' intestinal anatomical details were reviewed and PN requirements evaluated according to the novel ESPEN classification for type 3 IF. Each individual SBS case was evaluated to assess eligibility for GLP-2 analogue therapy according to recently published inclusion criteria Results A total of 273 patients were included in the HPN database as of October 2017. One hundred and fifty two patients (55.7%; mean age of 56.9 years) were identified as having IF as a result of SBS (SBS-IF), with the presence of a jejunostomy (SBS-J; 41.8%) as the most frequent pathophysiological mechanism. Only 7.3% of patients with SBS-IF had colon in continuity. Crohn's disease was the most common underlying aetiology leading to SBS-IF. The mean duration of HPN was 60.8 months (range: 4–415.8). Univariate analysis for the whole HPN cohort demonstrated SBS-IF and a longer duration of HPN to be associated with higher PN energy requirements, p≤0.0001. Seventy three (48.0%) patients with SBS-IF were deemed suitable for treatment with a GLP-2 analogue, with co-morbidity being the most frequent cause of non-suitability. Conclusion This is the largest UK HPN cohort individually reported using ESPEN pathophysiological and clinical severity classification. The vast majority of patients with SBS-IF have a jejunostomy and, as compared to other international cohorts, relatively few have colon-in-continuity. The study further demonstrates that existing co-morbidity is a principal contra-indication to therapy with GLP-2 analogue therapy in a majority of patients with SBS-IF; these data will be useful for funding bodies to consider when planning reimbursement costs for novel therapies within limited national healthcare budgets.


The development of bacterial resistance to presently available antibiotics has leaded a great demand of search for new antibacterial substance from other source including screening of medicinal plants. This study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial activity of Root bark of lantana camara. Various extract of root bark of lantana camara was prepared and antibacterial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Significantly higher activity was shown in ethyl acetate extract and produced zone of inhibition 31mm, 34mm, 40mm, 40mm and 32mm respectively against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis whereas ethanol extract possesses satisfactory effect. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control.


In this article, we calculated the mass saturation and the diffusion coefficient of the polymeric systems used in protective gloves for distilled water and artificial sweat. It can be seen that the absorption is greater when the gloves are immersed in distilled water, particularly for nitrile and neoprene gloves. This happens because the crystals formed with artificial sweat are positioned on the surface of the glove's pores to partly prevent liquid absorption. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine the glass transition temperature for amorphous polymer, nitrile gloves, vinyl gloves, exploration latex gloves and surgical latex gloves, and the melting temperature for semi-crystalline neoprene gloves. The plasticizing results obtained for immersion of distilled water were similar to those of immersion in artificial sweat. UV-visible spectrometry can be applied to an indirect technique to test the glove's permeability. The results show that in the case of the nitrile, vinyl, exploration latex, and surgical latex, a migration of the indicator through the glove takes place. In contrast, no migration happens in the case of the neoprene. In nitrile gloves and vinyl gloves, a greater migration is observed. This could indicate a greater permeability of this type of glove. In the case of surgical latex and exploration latex, a migration with a relatively small value is observed. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we observed the structural modifications that polymers undergo during their exposure to artificial sweat. The surgical latex immersed in artificial sweat shows the size increase in the pores, while the corresponding nitrile gloves do not vary. This fact could be related to the results obtained in the study of absorption that showed that surgical latex gloves had greater plasticizing.


Disturbance compensation is a challenging problem in quadrotor control, especially in nonzero set point regulation. This paper presents proportional-derivative regulation for nonzero set point on SO(3) with disturbance compensation for quadrotor UAV. Quadrotor nonlinear kinematics and dynamics model in SO(3) are used to design the control law. Disturbance compensation is added to the control law by using the upper bound of the disturbance. The numerical simulation shows that the disturbance compensation is able to counter the disturbance effect and improve the bound of the state variables.


. There are several recent research studies on privacy-preserving aggrega- tion of time series data, where an aggregator computes an aggregation of multiple users' data without learning each individual's private input value. However, none of the existing schemes allows the aggregation result to be verified for integrity. In this paper, we present a new data aggregation scheme that protects user privacy as well as integrity of the aggregation. Towards this end, we first propose an aggregate signature scheme in a multi-user setting without using bilinear maps. We then extend the aggregate signature scheme into a solution for privacy-preserving and verifiable data aggregation. The solution allows multiple users to periodically send encrypted data to an untrusted aggregator such that the latter is able to compute the sum of the input data values and verify its integrity, without learning any other in- formation. A formal security analysis shows that the solution is semantically secure and unforgeable.


Improving Salpeter's method, we discuss the effect of superstrong magnetic fields (such as those of magnetars) on thermonuclear reaction rates. These most interesting reactions, including the hydrogen burning by the CNO cycle and the helium burning by the triple alpha reaction, are investigated as examples on the magnetar surfaces. The obtained result shows that the superstrong magnetic fields can increase the thermonuclear reaction rates by many orders of magnitude. The enhancement may have significant influence for further study research of the magnetars, especially for the x-ray luminosity observation and the evolution of magnetars.


Coherent terahertz high-harmonic radiation has been obtained in a gyrotron with an axis-encircling electron beam. An electron-optical system with a cusp gun and a following drift section of adiabatic magnetic compression with an area factor of 3000 provides the formation of an 80-keV/0.7-A beam of gyrating electrons in a wide range of voltages and magnetic fields. Stable single-mode generation with a power of 0.3-1.8 kW in microsecond pulses is detected at four frequencies in the range 0.55-1.00 THz at resonant magnetic fields 10.5-14 T.


Scientists from different research disciplines have provided essential information that relates the biophysical characteristics of plants to their spectral reflectance. This fundamental understanding has facilitated the development of various non‐destructive sensing methods for detecting vegetation stresses, monitoring plant growth and calculating crop yield. Aerial archaeologists flying in small aeroplanes have only partially exploited this knowledge. Instead of basing archaeological interpretation on only direct visual inspection of the conventionally acquired colour photographs, this contribution briefly reviews the reflectance properties of plants and uses them to present a new low‐cost imaging technique beneficial for the detection of (faint) archaeologically induced vegetation marks. The new approach consists of three simultaneously operated digital still cameras, each of them capturing information in a different spectral waveband: the visible, near‐infrared and red‐edge spectral region. The latter two bands are used in the calculation of a R700/R800 vegetation index. Besides a theoretical underpinning, real‐world examples will assess the potential of this new approach in detection of vegetation marks and prove that this low‐cost, multispectral method might be beneficial in identifying and enhancing weak crop stresses that are lost when taking only the broad visible spectrum into account. In the final discussion, some thoughts on future archaeological aerial research are given. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Paleomagnetic data from Albian to Turonian sedimentary rocks on Cedros Island, Mexico (28.2° N, 115.2° W) support the interpretation that Cretaceous rocks of western Baja California have moved farther northward than the 3° of latitude assignable to Neogene oblique rifting in the Gulf of California. Averaged Cretaceous paleomagnetic results from Cedros Island support 20 ± 10° of northward displacement and 14 ± 7° of clockwise rotation with respect to cratonic North America. Positive field stability tests from the Vizcaino terrane substantiate a mid-Cretaceous age for the high-temperature characteristic remanent magnetization in mid-Cretaceous strata. Therefore coincidence of characteristic magnetization directions and the expected Quaternary axial dipole direction is not due to post mid-Cretaceous remagnetization. A slump test performed on internally coherent, intrabasinal slump blocks within a paleontologically dated olistostrome demonstrates a mid-Cretaceous age of magnetization in the Valle Group. The in situ high-temperature natural remanent magnetization directions markedly diverge from the expected Quaternary axial dipole, indicating that the characteristic, high-temperature magnetization was acquired prior to intrabasinal slumping. Early acquisition of the characteristic magnetization is also supported by a regional attitude test involving three localities in coherent mid-Cretaceous Valle Group strata. Paleomagnetic inclinations in mudstone are not different from those in sandstone, indicating that burial compaction did not bias the results toward shallow inclinations in the Vizcaino terrane.


Wood is one of the basic building materials. It is a completely biodegradable raw industrial commodity, the resources of which, with proper forest management, are virtually inexhaustible. Additionally, its acquisition and processing does not require large inputs of fossil fuels. At the same time, forest areas which we obtain wood from neutralize the negative effects of producing and acquiring other raw materials, as one hectare of pine forest (the most popular in Poland) can absorb approx. 20–30 tons of CO2. Wood is characterised by low thermal and electrical conductivity, having simultaneously high sound insulation, which perfectly meets the requirements of the present market and its regulations. This study aimed at verifying the technical parameters of wood, i.e., its bending strength, with the use of an innovative method of the correlation between the bending strength measured along and across wood fibres. The procedure was envisaged as effective for testing the strength of beams in historic buildings, in which—due to their valuable structure—only a limited number of sample holes can be made. The aim of this experiment was to create tables and diagrams, from which, based on the correlation between the side and the head of the beam, using in situ tests and the sclerometric method, it will be possible to derive the bending strength of existing wooden beams. In the study of spruce and pine wood, a correlation between the recess from the side and the recess from the head was found, ranging from 0.64 to 0.76, with an average of 0.72 for spruce elements, and 0.66–0.84, with an average of 0.70 for pine elements. This means that when testing an element fixed in a building, measuring the parameters from the head of the beam with a Schmidt hammer (often such elements are more easily accessible, i.e., on the building facade), the obtained values should be multiplied by 0.72 for spruce elements and by 0.70 for pine elements to obtain the strength of the beam. The authors of this article indicate that the confirmation of this observation requires conducting further research on various types of wood. It should also be noted that the material collected from one batch of sawn timber had a different structure, which was proved by analysing it using SEM imaging. Modeling wood numerically is, to some extent, a simplified issue that assumes wood to be an orthotropic, homogeneous (homogeneous) material. In fact, wood is an anisotropic, very heterogeneous material. The analysis of wood (on the technical scale, construction wood) as an anisotropic material is practically impossible. Adopting wood as an isotropic material is too simplistic. Therefore, the most appropriate methods of strength testing are destructive methods, as all non-destructive methods should not be used without verifying the results with other methods. The results obtained by non-destructive testing pose great difficulties in their interpretation. Obtaining reliable results of experiments entails collecting a large number of research samples. The method described in this paper will allow for obtaining the necessary data for effective expertise assessment regarding the safety level of structural elements in historic wooden load-bearing structures, which is crucial for making conservation decisions.


OBJECTIVE
To study the consequences of low birth weight on glucose and lipid metabolism 48 hours after delivery.

METHODS
We studied 136 small for gestational age (SGA) and 34 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term neonates who were born in Santiago, Chile. Prefeeding venous blood was obtained 48 hours after birth for determination of glucose, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxy butyrate, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and cortisol.

RESULTS
SGA newborns had lower glucose (SGA versus AGA, median [interquartile range]: 3.6 mmol/L [2.9-4.1 mmol/L] vs 3.9 mmol/L [3.6-4.6 mmol/L]) and insulin levels (31.3 pmol/L [20.8-47.9 pmol/L] vs 62.5 pmol/L [53.5-154.9]) than AGA infants, and they had higher glucose/insulin ratios (13.9 mg/dL/uIU/mL [8.6-19.1 mg/dL/uIU/mL] vs 8.2 mg/dL/uIU/mL [4.6-14.1 mg/dL/uIU/mL]). SGA infants also had higher levels of IGFBP-1 (5.1 nmol/L [4.4-6.7 nmol/L] vs 2.9 nmol/l [1.4-4.2 nmol/L]), free fatty acids (0.72 mEq/L [0.43-1.00 mEq/L] vs 0.33 mEq/L [0.26-0.54 mEq/L]) and beta-hydroxy butyrate (0.41 mEq/L [0.15-0.91 mEq/L] vs 0.09 mEq/L [0.05-0.13 mEq/L]). Sex-hormone binding globulin levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In early postnatal life, SGA infants display an increased insulin sensitivity with respect to glucose disposal but not with respect to suppression of lipolysis, ketogenesis, and hepatic production of IGFBP-1. It will be important to determine how these differential sensitivities to insulin vary with increasing age.


Video anomaly detection (VAD) without human monitoring is a complex computer vision task that can have a positive impact on society if implemented successfully. While recent advances have made significant progress in solving this task, most existing approaches overlook a critical real-world concern: privacy. With the increasing popularity of artificial intelligence technologies, it becomes crucial to implement proper AI ethics into their development. Privacy leakage in VAD allows models to pick up and amplify unnecessary biases related to people's personal information, which may lead to undesirable decision making. In this paper, we propose TeD-SPAD, a privacy-aware video anomaly detection framework that destroys visual private information in a self-supervised manner. In particular, we propose the use of a temporally-distinct triplet loss to promote temporally discriminative features, which complements current weakly-supervised VAD methods. Using TeD-SPAD, we achieve a positive trade-off between privacy protection and utility anomaly detection performance on three popular weakly supervised VAD datasets: UCF-Crime, XD-Violence, and ShanghaiTech. Our proposed anonymization model reduces private attribute prediction by 32.25% while only reducing frame-level ROC AUC on the UCF-Crime anomaly detection dataset by 3.69%. Project Page: https://joefioresi718.github.io/TeD-SPAD_webpage/


Study Design. A prospective randomized controlled pilot study. Objective. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) stimulation on the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint in patients with chronic joint pain. In addition, we compared the effects of AO intra-articular (IA) PRF and AO IA corticosteroid. Summary of Background Data. IA injection of corticosteroids into the AO joint is widely used for the management of head and upper cervical pain, and its effectiveness has been shown in previous studies. However, little is known about the effect of PRF stimulation on the AO joint for controlling chronic head or upper cervical pain. Methods. Twenty-three consecutive patients with chronic upper cervical pain were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria and divided into one of two groups. Twelve patients received PRF stimulation with a PRF needle electrode in the IA space of the AO joint (PRF group) and 11 patients received AO IA corticosteroid injection (ICI group. Pain intensity was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) before treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months afterward. Successful pain relief was defined as ≥50% reduction in NRS score 6 months post-treatment compared to pretreatment. Results. Mean NRS scores were significantly reduced compared to those pretreatment (P < 0.001) in both groups. Temporal changes in NRS score were not significantly different between groups (P = 0.227). Successful pain relief was achieved in 66.7% and 63.6% of patients in the PRF and ICI groups, respectively. Conclusion. IA PRF stimulation significantly relieved AO joint pain and its effect persisted for at least 6 months after treatment. In addition, the degree of pain relief after IA PRF was not significantly different from that after ICI. We think that PRF stimulation of the AO joint could be a useful clinical treatment for patients with AO joint pain. Level of Evidence: 2


Subsurface drainage is used to efficiently drain saturated soils to support productive agriculture in poorly drained terrains. Although subsurface drainage alters the water balance for agricultural fields, its effect on groundwater resources and groundwater recharge is poorly understood. In Minnesota, subsurface drainage has begun to increase in southeastern Minnesota, even though this part of the State is underlain by permeable karstic bedrock aquifers with only a thin layer of glacial sediments separating these aquifers from land surface. To gain a better understanding of groundwater recharge effects from subsurface drainage, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources, led a 2-year hydrologic study to investigate this connection for two agricultural fields in southeastern Minnesota with subsurface drainage. A total of three monitoring plots were used between the two agricultural fields: two monitoring plots that included an actively drained area with peripheral, undrained areas, and a third monitoring plot without any subsurface drainage. Multiple piezometer transects were set up across the three monitoring plots to characterize the unsaturated zone and shallow watertable flow using pressure transducers and soil moisture probes. From these piezometers, groundwater recharge rates were derived using two different methods: the RISE Water-Table Fluctuation (WTF) method and the DRAINMOD model. In addition to these two methods, the USGS Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model was used to estimate potential recharge rates for three different monitoring plots. In addition to deriving groundwater recharge rates, the hydrologic budget was analyzed to interpret the water-table surface elevation and soil volumetric water content time series. At one of the two drained plots, the transects exhibited varying water-table surface elevation patterns. Frequent backflow from the adjacent ditch caused subsurface drainage flow to slow down or stop drainage through the main collector drain and cause pipe pressurization, so the closest transect appeared to be mostly controlled by the drain pressurization, whereas the farthest transect was more efficiently drained. Both of the drained monitoring plots had an elevation gradient parallel to the pattern tiles, sloping downward towards the collector drain that aggregated the parallel lines into a single drain. Because the transects were set at different gradients in the field, some of the water-table surface elevation differences were also attributed to lateral flow towards the lowest parts of the field. Three methods were used to derive potential groundwater recharge rates: the RISE WTF method, the USGS SWB model, and DRAINMOD-derived deep seepage rates. Potential groundwater recharge rates, using the RISE WTF method, across all piezometers were 1.55 and 1.94 inches per year, respectively, for water years 2017 and 2018. More differentiation of potential recharge rates between different piezometer types occurred for water year 2018. Although the difference was slightly more than 1 inch between the drained and nondrained piezometers for water year 2018, this difference was statistically significant based on a t-test with a p-value of 0.036 (α=0.05). When looking at recharge based on distance from the drain, the subsurface drain did not affect potential recharge, although other factors such as variability in screen depths, well construction, and specific yield variability cannot be eliminated. The SWB model was also used to estimate potential recharge rates for water years 2017–18, with rates between 2.44 and 5.92 inches per year for the two drained sites, generally higher than the RISE WTF estimates. DRAINMOD-derived potential recharge rates were generally the highest of the three methods, with potential recharge rates varying from 2.07 to 9.49 inches per year. Overall, there was a lack of agreement between the three methods. These results were not remarkable, considering the fundamental differences in the methodology for each method. However, all methods did show a fundamental difference between piezometers within the drained area and piezometers outside the drained area, including the third undrained monitoring plot. The drained areas show a lower overall potential groundwater recharge compared to the nondrained areas for all three estimates. The difference for the 2018 recharge estimates was slightly higher than 1 inch for the RISE WTF method, the difference was almost double for the nine sites for the DRAINMOD model, and the difference between the drain and undrained plots was even more significant for the SWB model. 2 Potential Groundwater Recharge Rates for Two Subsurface-Drained Agricultural Fields, Southeastern Minnesota, 2016–18


Abstract Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective &agr;2 receptor agonist, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine on the preoperative sedation and postoperative agitation in pediatric with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. This is a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pediatric were randomly divided into the D1, D2, and S groups, each group contained 30 patients. Twenty-five to 40 minutes before surgery, the D1 and D2 groups received intranasally dexmedetomidine 1 &mgr;g kg−1 or 2 &mgr;g kg−1, respectively, while the S group received saline of the same volume. A unified protocol of TIVA induction and maintenance was used for the three groups. The preoperative sedation, behavior of separation from parents, postoperative agitation, and postoperative pain of the children were evaluated. The proportions of satisfactory sedation in the D1, D2, and S groups were 63.3%, 76.7%, and 0%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between D1 and S groups (P = .000) and D2 versus S groups (P = .000), while there was no statistically significant difference between D1 and D2 groups (P = .399). As for scale on the behavior of separation from parents, there was a statistically significant difference between D1 and S groups (P = .009) and D2 versus S groups (P = .009), whereas there was no significant difference between D1 and D2 groups (P = 1). The incidence of postoperative agitation in the D1, D2, and S groups was 43.3%, 30.0%, and 63.3%, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between D2 and S groups (P = .010). There was a significant difference in the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale between D2 and S groups (P = .029). The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) in the D2 group was significantly lower than the S group (P = .013). The intranasal dexmedetomidine of 1 or 2 &mgr;g kg−1 25 to 40 minute before induction of anesthesia both could deliver effective preoperative sedation, reducing the children's distress of separation from parents. Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine of 2 &mgr;g kg−1 could deliver more effective postoperative analgesia and reduce postoperative agitation, without prolonging postoperative recovery or causing severe adverse events.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on the residential urban fabric of Al Mafraq city physically and socially. Physically means regarding architectural style and socially means regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Therefore, the research questions are: What are the main source of tensions between the urban Syrian refugees and Al Mafraq host community that hinders the social cohesion? And what is the impact of the urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city socially and architecturally?

Design/methodology/approach
Different research methods were used to explore and provide a rich description of the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially. Desk reviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were used to explore the social impact of the Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city. In addition, a qualitative comparative analysis was used to explore their impact on architectural style and urban sprawl.

Findings
The results show that changes have occurred on the character of the residential environment resulting in a conversion about the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city both physically, in regard to architectural style, and socially, regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Physically, the city suffers from a decline in the uniformity of the built environment, resulting in a partial loss of its identity as a homogenous place with calm, cohesive residential neighborhoods. On the other hand, the social fabric of the city is losing its homogeneity and solidarity, causing a decline in the sense of community, social cohesion and levels of trust, and a rise in the social tension leading to severe conflicts among community members.

Practical implications
The different stakeholders should express high concern for the different sources of tensions between the urban Syrian refugee and Al Mafraq host community. They should foster formal and informal communication and promote dialogue between the two communities to improve social relations and reduce the tension between them. The consequences of Syrian asylum on hosting countries present an issue that has been vastly studied by several scholars and international agencies. Research, reports and surveys all denote the negative impact of refugees, especially in cases where resources are scarce, as is the case with Jordan. As a part of such consequences, Al Mafraq city is moving in the wrong direction as a result of the increasing flow of refugees.

Originality/value
The current discourse about the influence of urban refugees on social and architectural style among host communities lacks veracity. Therefore, the significance of this research is offering an alternative academic view to enrich current knowledge and encourage further discourse research about urban refugees. In addition, this research is a comprehensive and double focused, not just on social inclusion and tensions but on urban environment and architecture. This research is useful for architects, urban designers and planners, sociologists, policymakers and humanitarian and peace-building practitioners in the urban non-camp complex emergency setting.


The purpose of this study is to assess overall operational development strategies of PD''X "in increasing incomes and value added fruit dodol. In particular, this study aims to: (1) study the income earned PD''X "in one bulk manufacturing, (2) study the amount of added value from the PD''X" and the amount of value-added contribution of business income, and distribution, (3) study the relationship between the use of production factors with the resulting production and (4) to formulate business development strategies fruit dodol. The results of the study showed that the income level of cash costs, the company earn the highest revenue from pineapple dodol types of Rp 33,698,406, - per year and for the level of income is the total cost of pineapple dodol Rp 26,193,775, - with a value of revenue/cost (R/C) ratio of 1.12. The ratio of value added amounted pineapple dodol 20.15% in exchange for business owners and 66.60% 33.40% labor, dodo sirsak 18.46% registration in exchange for 63.53% of business owners and labor 36.47 %, while the ratio of value added melons dodol and strawberries are of 20.64% in exchange for business owners and 67.38% 32.62% labor. The use of all raw materials in the production process as a whole has a positive effect. This shows that all factors significantly affect the production process. Based on the analysis of marketing strategies that have been done using internal-external (IE) matrix, the position dodol product development of fruit marketing in quadrant II in the box described as the area grow and build. Strategies that can be done by the company based on weighted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, is as follows: (1) Maintaining a competitive product prices, (2) Opening distributor/new agents in strategic places, (3) Conducting an effective promotion and efficient, (4) Improve the performance marketing in analyzing market demand, (5) Develop and maintain product quality, (6) Expand and maintain market share was achieved, (7) Maintain the selling price in the market and (8) Improving distribution channels.


It is shown that arbitrarily small amounts of bond or site dilution generate (in zero magnetic field) effects in some Ising antiferromagnets much like random fields and are, therefore, not covered by the criterion of Harris. All antiferromagnets on f.c.c. lattices as well as antiferromagnets of type-II in b.c.c. lattice suffer this effect. We argue that the cross-over exponent (ϕ) into the impurity-dominated regime fulfills ϕ ≃ γ in any dimensionality, and that an Ising model with J2 < 0 and |J1| < 2|J2| is unstable against any small site or bond dilution. Numerical results for strips, obtained by the transfer matrix method confirm this picture.


Dorothy Stanley's Sir Philip Sidney's 'Arcadia' Moderniz'd (1725) establishes ambivalent relationships with the text from which it takes its origins. While Stanley's prefatory material proclaims her adherence to Sidney's work, it also contains a defence of independent authorship, making claims for a writer's capacity to interpret and reproduce a text, which other features of her work uphold. Stanley's Arcadia was also involved in complex networks of relationships with readers, as the first edition of Arcadia to be a subscription text, and therefore partially dependent on the support of buyers. As a rewriting, inspired by Sidney's invitation to other spirits to take up his work, it is also a transitional text, indicating some of the possibilities for, and constraints on, women's writing towards the end of the early modern period.


In order to protect domestic export enterprises and prevent the deterioration of foreign trade conditions, many researchers called for some incentive trade policies including export tax rebates since the global financial crisis which taken place in 2008, they believe only these measures can reduce the negative impacts on China's foreign trade and economic growth. From the perspective of economics and law, this thesis analyzed the costs and benefits of export tax rebates policy in China and offered some suggestions to improve them via the tool of cost-benefit analysis in law and economics.


X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is an inherited, neurodegenerative rare disease that can result in devastating symptoms of blindness, gait disturbances and spastic quadriparesis due to progressive demyelination. Typically, the disease progresses rapidly, causing death within the first decade of life. With limited treatments available, efforts to determine an effective therapy that can alter disease progression or mitigate symptoms have been undertaken for many years, particularly through drug repurposing. Repurposing has generally been guided through clinical experience and small trials. At this time, none of the drug candidates have been approved for use, which may be due, in part, to the lack of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic information on the repurposed medications in the target patient population. Greater consideration for the disease pathophysiology, drug pharmacology and potential drug–target interactions, specifically at the site of action, would improve drug repurposing and facilitate drug development. Incorporating advanced translational and clinical pharmacological approaches in preclinical studies and early‐stage clinical trials will improve the success of repurposed drugs for X‐ALD as well as other rare diseases.


Programming language design remains a vital field, with interest in languages targeting concurrency, scripting, and aspects, as well as in domain-specific languages. Full-featured integrated development environments (IDEs) have become critical to the adoption of new languages. A key factor in the success of these IDEs is the provision of services specifically tailored to the language. However, modern IDE frameworks are large and complex, and the cost of constructing a language-specific IDE from scratch remains prohibitive IMP is an IDE meta-tooling platform intended to relieve much of the burden of IDE development in Eclipse. IMP combines a language-independent framework, generators for partial implementations of language-specific services, and support for the completion of service implementations by programming at various levels of abstraction. Unlike much of the previous work, IMP permits signigicant customization of IDE appearance and behavior and accommodates incremental elaboration of the IDE; it also makes significant reuse of code and assists during the IDE development process. IMP-based IDEs are in use in research projects in IBM, including within IMP itself. IMP is available as an open-source release from SourceForge.net


The problems of correlation estimation delay in the channels of acoustic echo. The possible methods of solving the problem. The expressions for determining the accuracy of estimating the echo delay and damping in the presence of phase and amplitude distortions in the channel, including with regard to their continuous delay value distribution. A scheme of long-term parameter estimation algorithm echo. The results of simulation studies, confirming that the method of correlation and extreme long-term evaluation of parameters echo. Work is done according to implementation terms of the state task of Russian Federation No2.1228.2014K in scientific research.


In the (Delta phi)-(Delta eta) correlation associated with a near-side jet observed by the STAR Collaboration in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC [Ref. 1-6], the ridge structure can be explained by the momentum kick model in which the ridge particles are identified as medium partons which suffer a collision with the jet and acquire a momentum kick along the jet direction. If this is indeed the correct mechanism, the ridge structure associated with the near-side jet may be used to probe the parton momentum distribution at the moment of the jet-parton collision, leading to the result that at that instant the parton temperature is slightly higher and the rapidity width substantially greater than corresponding quantities of their evolution product inclusive particles at the end point of the nucleus-nucleus collision.


It is a fundamental and important problem whether or not a metabolic network can admit multiple equilibria in a living organism. Due to the complexity of the metabolic network, it is generally a difficult task to study the problem as a whole from both analytical and numerical viewpoints. In this paper, a structure‐oriented modularization research framework is proposed to analyze the multi‐stability of metabolic networks. We first decompose a metabolic network into four types of basic building blocks (called metabolic modules) according to the particularity of its structure, and then focus on one type of these basic building blocks—the single substrate and single product with no inhibition (SSN) module, by deriving a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) model based on the Hill kinetics. We show that the injectivity of the vector field of the ODE model is equivalent to the nonsingularity of its Jacobian matrix, which enables us equivalently to convert an unverifiable sufficient condition for the absence of multiple equilibria of an SSN module into a verifiable one. Moreover, we prove that this sufficient condition holds for the SSN module in a living organism. Such a theoretical result not only provides a general framework for modeling metabolic networks, but also shows that the SSN module in a living organism cannot be multi‐stable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Social workers must develop a sensitive yet informed approach when working with service users from different social and cultural groups. In many aspects of life, including accessing human services, people are marginalised, ignored, stigmatised or discriminated against because of one or more aspects of their identity: age, sexual orientation, faith or belief, gender, race or ethnicity, social class, and disability.

This book acts as a guide for students to develop their understanding of these various groups while illustrating how the social work value base can be a central part of such understanding.


The term "Cotard's syndrome" is used to describe a number of clinical features, mostly hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions, the most characteristic of which are the ideas "I am dead" and "my internal organs do not exist". Besides, anxious and depressed mood, delusions of damnation, possession and immortality, suicidal and self-mutilating behavior are included. The first description of the syndrome was made in 1880 by Cotard, who presented the case of a female patient in a lecture. He originally named it "hypochondriac delusion", and some years later "delusion of negations", while it was named "Cotard delusion" after his death. In international literature, the terms "nihilistic delusion" and "Cotard's syndrome" prevailed over "delusion of negations" and "Cotard delusion". In the present study we report the case of a 59 year-old woman, who was admitted to our department after a suicide attempt, and who showed symptoms of Cotard's syndrome for about two years, namely depressed mood, hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions, delusions of immortality and damnation, suicidal ideation, severe psychomotor retardation, diminished motivation and tendency to stay in bed. She never took the medication she was prescribed, and at times she refused to eat. During her hospitalization, there was performed a full blood panel and medical imaging, that showed chronic ischemic infarctions, periventricular leukoencephalopathy and diffuse cerebral atrophy in MRI. All the other test results were normal. She was administered treatment with haloperidol, mirtazapine and venlafaxine. Gradually, her psychomotor ability, motivation and mood improved, she didn't express suicidal ideation, her delusions were less intense and she was able to question them, but they weren't eliminated. She was discharged in improved condition, after 44 days. Cotard's syndrome isn't mentioned in the current classification systems (ICD-10, DSM-5). In literature though, it has been divided into three types, according to the clinical symptoms: psychotic depression, Cotard type I, and Cotard type II, and three stages have been proposed: germination stage, blooming stage and chronic stage. It has been associated with various medical conditions, such as cerebral infractions, frontotemporal atrophy, epilepsy, encephalitis, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, it has been associated with psychiatric conditions, such as mental retardation, postpartum depression, depersonalization disorder, catatonia, Capgras syndrome, Fregoli syndrome, Odysseus syndrome, koro syndrome. Several reports about successful pharmacological treatments have been published, both monotherapies with antidepressants, antipsychotics or lithium, and by antidepressant and antipsychotic combination treatments. The most reported successful treatment strategy for Cotard's syndrome is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), administration of which should follow current treatment guidelines of the underlying conditions.


The cutaneous penetration of mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) from a commercial available combination drug (Mobilat) could be shown by means of histochemical and immunohistological methods. Deposition of MPS from ointment and gel in corium and subcutis of different animal species has been improved by the keratolytic activity of the salicylic acid component. There are differences in the intensity of absorption of MPS not only in the various animal species, but also caused by the particular galenic preparations investigated.


ABSTRACT Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria are abundant in the filarial nematodes that cause onchocerciasis (river blindness), including the larvae (microfilariae) that migrate into the cornea. Using a mouse model of ocular onchocerciasis, we recently demonstrated that it is these endosymbiotic bacteria rather than the nematodes per se that induce neutrophil infiltration to the corneal stroma and loss of corneal clarity (Saint Andre et al., Science 295:1892-1895, 2002). To better understand the role of Wolbachia organisms in the pathogenesis of this disease, we examined the fate of these bacteria in the cornea by immunoelectron microscopy. Microfilariae harboring Wolbachia organisms were injected into mouse corneas, and bacteria were detected with antibody to Wolbachia surface protein. Within 18 h of injection, neutrophils completely surrounded the nematodes and were in close proximity to Wolbachia organisms. Wolbachia surface protein labeling was also prominent in neutrophil phagosomes, indicating neutrophil ingestion of Wolbachia organisms. Furthermore, the presence of numerous electron-dense granules around the phagosomes indicated that neutrophils were activated. To determine if Wolbachia organisms directly activate neutrophils, peritoneal neutrophils were incubated with either parasite extracts containing Wolbachia organisms, parasite extracts depleted of Wolbachia organisms (by antibiotic treatment of worms), or Wolbachia organisms isolated from filarial nematodes. After 18 h of incubation, we found that isolated Wolbachia organisms stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and CXC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and KC by neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, these cytokines were induced by filarial extracts containing Wolbachia organisms but not by Wolbachia-depleted extracts. Taken together, these findings indicate that neutrophil activation is an important mechanism by which Wolbachia organisms contribute to the pathogenesis of ocular onchocerciasis.


We have demonstrated the first Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/(Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/) insulated gate n-channel enhancement-mode In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As MOSFET's on InP semi-insulating substrate. Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/(Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/) was electron beam deposited from a high purity single crystal Ga/sub 5/Gd/sub 3/O/sub 12/ source. The source and drain regions of the device were selectively implanted with Si to produce low resistance ohmic contacts. A 0.75-/spl mu/m gate length device exhibits an extrinsic transconductance of 190 mS/mm, which is an order of magnitude improvement over previously reported enhancement-mode InGaAs MISFETs. The current gain cutoff frequency, f/sub t/, and the maximum frequency of oscillation, f/sub max/, of 7 and 10 GHz were obtained, respectively, for a 0.75/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ gate dimension device at a gate voltage of 3 V and drain voltage of 2 V.


A series of indole cyclopropylmethylamines were found to be potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Nitrile substituents at the 5 and 7 positions of the indole ring gave high affinity for hSERT, and the preferred cyclopropane stereochemistry was determined to be (1S,2S)-trans. The cis-cyclopropanes had 20- to 30-fold less affinity than the trans, and the preferred cis stereochemistry was (1R,2S)-cis. Substitution of the indole N-1 position with methyl or ethyl groups gave a 10- to 30-fold decrease in affinity for hSERT, suggesting either a hydrogen-bonding interaction or limited steric tolerance in the region of the indole nitrogen. Compound (+)-12a demonstrated potent hSERT binding (Ki = 0.18 nM) in vitro and was more than 1000-fold less potent at hDAT, hNET, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT6. In vivo, (+)-12a produced robust, dose-dependent increases in extracellular serotonin in rat frontal cortex typical of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The maximal response produced by (+)-12a was similar to that of fluoxetine but at an approximately 10-fold lower dose.


We compare the capacities achieved by space-time water-filling and spatial water-filling for MIMO fading channels. Both the effects of fast fading and shadowing are considered. It is found that for Rayleigh fast fading MIMO channels, the spectral efficiency per antenna achieved by one-dimensional spatial water-filling is close to two-dimensional space-time water-filling. However, with log-normal shadowing, space-time water-filling achieves significantly higher capacity per antenna than spatial water-filling at low to moderate SNR regimes. Furthermore, space-time water-filling has lower computational complexity than spatial water-filling. It is also shown that space-time water-filling requires a priori knowledge of the channel gain distribution, and for Rayleigh channels with log-normal shadowing, the spectral efficiency advantage over spatial water-filling comes with an increased channel outage probability.


Abstract. This paper focuses on the use of 3D printing as a tool for the dissemination of Maya architectural heritage. The case study is the Acropolis of La Blanca, the main complex of this archaeological site located in the Peten department, Guatemala. One of the objectives of La Blanca Project was to create a model of the Acropolis as part of the strategy for dissemination and as a didactical resource for the Visitor Center. The documentation of this architectural complex with digital survey techniques allowed to obtain a high-fidelity model of the Acropolis' buildings. In order to achieve this goal, it was necessary to develop a methodology for the reverse modelling of the Acropolis, starting from the data obtained by laser scanning. We developed a workflow to create a virtual replica of the Acropolis optimized for 3D printing. This model was first printed in 17 parts by using the FDM technology. Then, it was transported to Guatemala and, finally, it was reassembled and placed at the Visitor Center. Today, this physical replica of the Acropolis is an important resource that allows the visitors to have a complete view of the main complex of the site, which is not easy in the Guatemalan jungle. It also provides an exclusive view of some parts of the Acropolis, already studied by researchers and now protected with a soil layer to ensure their preservation. Moreover, it is a useful resource for supporting dissemination and also serves as a teaching resource for student visitors.


Purpose: To report a case of metastatic cutaneous melanoma presenting with choroidal metastasis simulating primary uveal melanoma. Design: Case report. Method: Presentation of clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and tumor genetic findings in a patient with cutaneous melanoma with choroidal metastasis. Results: A 50-year-old man with a remote history of stage 1A cutaneous melanoma presented with eye pain, peripheral vision loss, floaters, red eye, and choroidal mass that was originally diagnosed as a primary uveal melanoma at an outside institution; however, subsequent imaging and clinical evaluation demonstrated that this choroidal mass was the first manifestation of widely metastatic cutaneous melanoma (liver, pancreas, lung, bone, brain, and orbit lesions). Histopathologic analysis of the tumor after enucleation was consistent with cutaneous melanoma, and tumor genetic testing was positive for BRAF V600E mutation, confirming the choroidal lesion to be a cutaneous melanoma metastasis rather than a primary choroidal melanoma. Conclusions: Metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the orbit or globe occurs rarely. Tumor genetic testing may help differentiate metastatic cutaneous melanoma from primary uveal melanoma in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, and can also inform therapy and prognostic counseling.


Following implementation of the 1988 Basel Accord, U.S. banks altered their balance sheets in a variety of different ways including reallocating assets, reducing lending, and increasing capital. While much of the existing empirical research recognizes that fact, it fails to answer the question of why. In the context of a profit-maximization model that recognizes both non-homogeneous adjustment costs and errors in risk weights, this paper examines the question of why different banks exhibited different responses to implementation of the 1988 Accord. The results suggest that banks with different loan and capital adjustment costs exhibited very different responses to implementation of the 1988 Accord. Furthermore, errors in calibrating the risk weights played a significant role in banks' balance sheet changes. The results are sufficiently robust to explain the sometimes contradictory findings of other researchers.


Activities marketing today not just activities selling, but is activity to gain loyal customers. This is not easy work so there needs integrated marketing communications. The example of  integrated marketing communications implementation is by use  marketing communications mix,  which divided in advertising activity, sales promotions, special event &  experiences, public relations & publicity, direct marketing and personal selling. The problems in research discussed by descriptive qualitative approach. This study attempts to give a description of about their activities of marketing communications mix  by Perusahaan Jamu Ibu Tjipto Tegal City  to get drug market share  in  Tega City. Data collection is done by using in-depth interviews with two key participants  and field observation  with compiles literature that supports. Through this research obtained a description of  marketing communications mix activities  in Perusahaan Jamu Ibu Tjipto, which marketing activity not arrayed integrally and adjust human resources and their funds are. The marketing communications mix  not carried out very maximum shown to be just advertising, sales promotions , direct marketing and  personal selling done. Keywords : marketing mix, marketing communication mix, herbal company


Chest computed tomography (CT) helps better understanding clinical and pathological features of respiratory diseases. However, interpretation of CT images is difficult without information on clinical course of the disease in the given patient. Therefore, the definite diagnosis could be reached through cooperation of a clinician and a radiologist. This publication presents a lecture aimed at improving a physician's knowledge on interpretation of lung computed tomography (CT) patterns including imaging, structure and extension of abnormal signs. This information is believed to help the clinician to diagnose and differentiate pulmonary diseases based both on CT syndromes and clinical signs. A particular attention is paid on lung tissue attenuation pattern as the most common chest CT abnormality that includes five key entities, such as ground glass opacity, mosaic attenuation, consolidation, atelectasis, and soft-tissue mass.


We investigated the contractile force response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation in 3T3-derived NR6 fibroblast cells in order to determine significant pathways of biochemical signaling that mediate the response. We examined the force generating specificity of the EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling mechanism by using mutant NR6 fibroblasts expressing variations of the EGFR construct. The wild-type (WT) cell presented the complete internalizing EGFR signaling construct while the c'973 cell presented an internalization-defective EGFR construct, and the M721 cell presented a kinase-defective EGFR construct making it signaling inert. Additionally we examined the roles of the phospholipasc C-γ (PLCγ) pathway by using the PLC inhibitor U73122 (1 μM) and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway using the inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) in the observed contractile force responses. We found that the WT cells showed a rapid but transient force increase within the first hour post-stimulation and the c'973 showed a more gradual increase in force which it sustained for several hours post-stimulation. Blocking the PLCγ activation in the WT cells reduced the peak force increase by 50% while blocking MAPK did not affect the force development in either WT or c'973 cells.


A Japanese boy aged 9 years referred to our hospital because of steroid-resistant proteinuria. He had a 6-year history of unremitting proteinuria and was diagnosed as having minimal-change disease (MCD) by the repeated renal biopsies performed at the age of 3.5 years and 8.5 years, respectively. His proteinuria fluctuated ranging from 115 mg/100 ml to 645 mg/100 ml, and serum total protein ranged from 59 g/liter to 63 g/liter. The third renal biopsy at the presentation also revealed MCD. Thereafter he was treated with an anti-thrombocyte agent combined with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Despite unremitting proteinuria of long duration, he did not have any complaints. At the age of 11.5 years, severe tubulointerstitial lesion was observed in the fourth renal biopsy. The fifth renal biopsy 6 months after the fourth finally revealed the lesion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Although the interpretation of his repeated renal biopsies were considered to be limited, these clinical observation suggested that his unremitting proteinuria of long duration might have been attributed to subsequent progression FSGS.


Antisera have been raised in rabbits against the purified brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a and GT1b. The reactivity of these sera with a range of purified gangliosides has been examined by complement fixation and their specificities partially defined by absorptions with purified gangliosides.