Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. The lungs are the most common and often the initial site of involvement, and the non-pulmonary presentation is infrequent. We describe an unusual case of primary craniocutaneous coccidioidomycosis in a pregnant woman with infected bilateral periorbital nodules, intense pain at paranasal sinuses, and several osteolytic skull lesions. The analysis of 54 cases available in the literature makes us suggest that the area between the United States and Mexico is a risk zone for primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis.


Abstract There is confusion regarding whether to identify brain injuries as a traumatic brain injury, an acquired brain injury, or a combination of both. No matter what you call it, brain injuries are a major public health problem. This article demonstrates the power of the Low Energy Neurofeedback System, a form of electroencephalography biofeedback/neurofeedback, with a 71-year-old woman who had a sudden cardiac arrest and was without pulse or respiration for 8 to 10 minutes. NeuroField and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were added later on in the treatment process.


Abstract Background Finding a suitable treatment for HCV patients with swallowing disorders is still a major challenge. In practice, direct-acting antivirals are crushed without knowledge of adequate absorption. Crushing can alter drug exposure, possibly leading to treatment failure, development of resistance or toxicity. Currently, there is no information about crushing of the fixed-dose combination tablet of elbasvir/grazoprevir; therefore, crushing of this tablet is not recommended. Objectives To investigate the influence of crushing on the pharmacokinetics of the elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination tablet. Methods We conducted an open-label, two-period, randomized, cross-over, Phase I, single-dose trial in 11 healthy adult volunteers. Subjects randomly received whole-tablet elbasvir/grazoprevir or crushed and suspended elbasvir/grazoprevir in a fasted state. Pharmacokinetic similarity criteria (90% CIs lie within 70%–143% acceptance range) were used for AUC0–∞ and AUC0–72. Results Mean plasma concentration–time curves of elbasvir and grazoprevir showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0–∞ and AUC0–72 of elbasvir and grazoprevir after intake of a crushed tablet were on average 12%–16% higher compared with the whole tablet, but 90% CIs were all within the predefined boundaries of pharmacokinetic similarity. Crushing leads to a higher Cmax of grazoprevir (42%); no significant difference was found between treatments with regard to the Cmax of elbasvir. No serious adverse events were reported during the trial. Conclusions Pharmacokinetic similarity could be demonstrated for a crushed and suspended tablet compared with a whole tablet, without impacting drug safety or efficacy. Crushed and suspended administration of elbasvir/grazoprevir can be used in patients with swallowing disorders.


A travelling molecular orbital approach is applied to the He2+-H⟶He+ + H+ charge transfer process, where translation factors have been determined variationally, and where all orders of impact velocity v have been preserved. Comparison with experiment and other theories for this low-energy regime are included for total capture, and capture into the He+(2s) excited state.


The research examines the effectiveness of the Cameroonian government policies for export promotion on export performance of SMEs in Cocoa production in the South West and Centre Regions of the Cameroon which are the major production centres. The theoretical contribution of the research is divided into two parts. The first consists of the robustness of existing theory using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model. The second constructs a structural equation model (SEM) based on the testing of the CFA model to test the effectiveness of government policies for export promotion on export performance. 101 questionnaires were collected through snowball sampling and analysed using SEM. The findings on the robustness of existing theories (resource-based view) are that government policies represent an external resource that enables SMEs to overcome the barriers to exporting and improve export performance through the provision country and firms specific advantages. The findings on SEM are that government policies have positive effects on export performance both directly and indirectly through Country and firms specific advantages. However, the positive and significant effects were through the provision of export marketing information. As a result of the analysis, normative policy recommendations are made on the government to improving access and usage of these policies and for SMEs to make concerted efforts in accessing information. The discussion of the reliability and validity of the research, its limitations, and implications for future studies, the theoretical underpinnings of the CFA and SEM models are carefully examined.


With the increase of wind farm capacity in distribution network, the transient stability of electrical grid may be influenced by the dynamic behavior of wind farms in the grid fault, and may be different by variable wind turbines. In order to analysis the effect on grid caused by fix -speed wind turbine with cage generators and variable-speed turbines with doubly-fed induction generators and direct drive synchronous generators, the models of these wind turbines and wind farms consisting of these wind turbines are established in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory. It is concluded that the stability of induction machine is lower than the other tow wind turbines through the compare in transient stability and terminal voltage of three wind turbines. It is demonstrates that variable-speed turbines increases the transient stability margin of the electrical grids, when compared with fixed-speed wind turbines, and variable-speed turbines helps to avoid other problems as voltage collapse due to the reduction in dynamic reactive demand. Additionally, this paper reports an investigation to determine the impact of integrated generator on the settings of protective devices of electrical feeders emanated from the substation to which integrated wind turbines are connected.


Quantum information processing is performed with single trapped Ca+ ions, stored in a linear Paul trap and laser–cooled to the ground state of their harmonic quantum motion. Composite laser–pulse sequences were used to implement SWAP gate, phase gate and controlled–NOT gate operations. Stark shifts on the quantum–bit transitions were precisely measured and compensated. For a demonstration of quantum information processing, a Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm has been implemented using two quantum bits encoded on a single ion.


Macular and lichen amyloidosis are common variants of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) in which clinical features of pruritus and skin scratching are associated with histological findings of deposits of amyloid staining on keratinous debris in the papillary dermis. Most cases are sporadic, but an autosomal dominant family history may be present in up to 10% of cases, consistent with a genetic predisposition in some individuals. Familial PLCA has been mapped to a locus on 5p13.1–q11.2 and in 2008 pathogenic heterozygous missense mutations were identified in the OSMR gene, which encodes oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ), an interleukin (IL)‐6 family cytokine receptor. OSMRβ is expressed in various cell types, including keratinocytes, cutaneous nerves and nociceptive neurones in dorsal root ganglia; its ligands are oncostatin M and IL‐31. All pathogenic mutations are clustered in the fibronectin‐III repeat domains of the extracellular part of OSMRβ, sites that are critical for receptor dimerization (with either gp130 or IL‐31RA), and lead to defective signalling through Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription, extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt pathways. Elucidating the molecular pathology of familial PLCA provides new insight into mechanisms of pruritus in human skin, findings that may have relevance to developing novel treatments for skin itching. This review provides a clinicopathological and molecular update on familial PLCA.


Background The BACHD rat overexpresses a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) with the full length human mutant huntingtin (mHTT) with 97 alternating CAA/CAG repeats, which are the sole cause of disease onset. BACHD rats display mHTT aggregates and nuclear accumulation of mHTT throughout the brain and develop behavioural and neuropathological- and metabolic abnormalities, growth deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as obesity and a lack of body weight loss that are not typical for human HD. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate different metabolic properties and possible mitochondrial deficits in primary neurons of BACHD rats. Methods BACHD rat pups were dissected at embryonic day 19 and primary neurons of the hypothalamus, striatum and cortex were cultivated and used for following assays: MTT- and LDH-assays and IGF-1 levels for general health and growth. MitoTracker measurements and JC-1-assay to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential YO-PRO-1-Assay for the rate of mitochondrial apoptosis Results Hypothalamic neuron cultures had a lower overall metabolic activity than primary neurons of WT controls. These cells also showed an increased survival rate compared to control cells. The same effects were observed in the striatum, whereas cells from the cortex showed no significant reduction of the metabolic activity, but a decreased survival rate. Since the experiments are still onging at the date of the abstract submission no further results can be shown. Conclusion Our preliminary data and upcoming results will establish BACHD primary neurons as a valuable tool for the investigation of metabolic dysfunction in HD.


We propose a model to generate stochastic signals with transient correlations, i.e. correlations of different strength and different typical duration within finite segments of the signal. The exponents and crossovers characterizing the correlations in the signal and in its variance can be tuned independently and allow us to generate model time series which are in agreement with data of heartbeat dynamics observed during wake and during different sleep stages. We also propose a model dynamics that reproduces the changes in the heartbeat fluctuations during the entire night, including transitions between different sleep stages.


Background: Burns, has always been one of the most catastrophic injuries. More than 3000000 people lose their lives every year due to burn and its results. Burn injury is the seventh major cause of disease burden of injuries in Iran. The evidence clearly shows that burns are preventable. It is necessary to update existing information and a more detailed assessment of burn aspects. Material-Method: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched for published studies from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2020, with the MeSH term 'Burns' and keywords such as burn, burn injury, burn injuries, Iran, epidemiology, and epidemio* combined by OR; AND, for published retrospective studies that focus on the epidemiology of burns in Iran. Results: Our systematic search identified seventeen studies containing epidemiological characteristics of burn injuries in Iran with a total number of 61662 patients. Results revealed that: The highest and lowest percentage of the burn was related to the age group of 20-29 and 0-9 years and 50-59 years; men were burned more than women. The urban residents and the person under the diploma have experienced more burns; married and single people were equally burned; burns caused by flame occurred more than the other cause of burn; male and female were burned almost equally by flame; Contact and electrical burns in men were more than women; most burn accidents occurred at home and winter; 14/23 % patient were expired, and men were discharged more than women but the death rate was higher in women.Conclusion: We conclude that burn injuries are common indoors, caused by flames, and in young patients with a low educational state, and the overall mortality of female burn victims is more remarkable than male burn victims. On the other hand, the mean TBSA of burn patients in Iran was 31%, and the mean rate of mortality was 14%, both of which are greater than the statistics reported by WHO. This review shows that further research is required to summarize the situation and the effectiveness of any preventive interventions.


We offer an axiomatic definition of a differential algebra of generalized functions over an algebraically closed non-Archimedean field. This algebra is of Colombeau type in the sense that it contains a copy of the space of Schwartz distributions. We study the uniqueness of the objects we define and the consistency of our axioms. Next, we identify an inconsistency in the conventional Laplace transform theory. As an application, we offer a free of contradictions alternative in the framework of our algebra of generalized functions. The article is aimed at mathematicians, physicists and engineers who are interested in the nonlinear theory of generalized functions, but who are not necessarily familiar with the original Colombeau theory. We assume, however, some basic familiarity with the Schwartz theory of distributions.


Electrical stimulation (ES) has been applied since 1961 for the correction of hemiplegic drop foot. One main drawback of the technique is the occurrence of early fatigue. Therefore, it is essential to predict force generation for precise ES closed loop control when the stimulated muscle becomes fatigued. This work aims to predict ankle torque using stimulus evoked EMG (eEMG) during different muscle fatigue states. Five healthy subjects participated in our study. Conventional stimulation for drop foot correction was applied by surface stimulation in sitting position. The results showed that during long-term stimulation the generated torque gradually declined due to muscle fatigue, the muscle activity (EMG) performed quite differently in different fatigue level. In this work, we carried out the torque prediction with an adapted parameters model according to muscle fatigue state by reidentification using the latest measurement. The prediction was improved with 21%~90.9% comparing to the fixed parameters model. The results revealed a promising approach to use evoked EMG for fatigue compensation in the application of drop foot correction.


The 3p photoelectron spectra of atomic Fe and Cu, and the Fe outer-shell satellites have been investigated. The complex multiline structure of the Fe spectra has been resolved using high-resolution electron spectroscopy. The thresholds of the direct 3p photoionization have been determined and are compared with experimental results from photoabsorption measurements and Auger spectra, and with the multiplet structures calculated taking into account intershell and configuration interaction. The stepwise decay of highly excited Fe states into has been verified by the detection of satellite lines with binding energies above the lowest ionization threshold.


This research aims at exploring the contribution of the shade of treetowards the density of earthworms. The convertionof forest into a farmland causeda change in the shade of tree from a closed into an open ecosystem that was predicted to be followed by the decrease of earthworms density. The kinds of land thatis used for research are forest, complex agroforestry, simple agroforestry, teak monoculture, teak-accacia polyculture, and peanut crops. The data were analyzed quantitatively using statistical methods by SPSS 0.16. The results show that the wide oftree shade contributes to the density of earthworms on rainy season as much as 71.5% and also contributes to the density of earthworms on dry season as much as 52.2%. From the results, it can be concluded that the shade of tree has a strong role towards the density of earthworms. Keywords: shade of tree, earthworms


Use of a tandem ring-opening-ring-closing metathesis (RORCM) strategy for the synthesis of functional metathesis catalysts is reported. Ring opening of 7-substituted norbornenes and subsequent ring-closing metathesis forming a thermodynamically stable 6-membered ring lead to a very efficient synthesis of new catalysts from commercially available Grubbs' catalysts. Hydroxy functionalized Grubbs' first- as well as third-generation catalysts have been synthesized. Mechanistic studies have been performed to elucidate the order of attack of the olefinic bonds. This strategy was also used to synthesize the ruthenium methylidene complex.


This article considers the Swedish verb hinna and its English correspondences in the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus – both in the direction Swedish original to English translation and in the direction English original to Swedish translation. Swedish hinna lacks a straightforward equivalent in English; thus its English correspondences in parallel corpora can shed light on its meaning and use, as described in the method 'seeing language through multilingual corpora' (Johansson 2007). The results for hinna suggest that hinna is monosemous, but that its core meaning is enriched by implied ones (presupposition and conversational implicature). Based on the observed translations and sources of hinna, we propose that in the majority of our data hinna denotes time sufficiency and also presupposes ability and conversationally implicates actualization. We relate our discussion of hinna to van der Auwera and Plungian's (1998) semantic map of modality, in which ability and sufficiency are seen as contiguous modal meanings.


Abstract Fix an arbitrary finite group A of order a, and let X(n, q) denote the set of homomorphisms from A to the finite general linear group GL n (q). The size of X(n, q) is a polynomial in q. In this note, it is shown that generically this polynomial has degree n 2(1 – a −1) − ε r and leading coefficient mr , where ε r and mr are constants depending only on r := n mod a. We also present an algorithm for explicitly determining these constants.


National courts have been key players in the legal push for Europe, though notably to varying degrees. This paper examines the persisting variations in the referral rates of national courts and the underlying causal factors, aiming to better understand why some member states' courts have been more reluctant to join in the legal push for Europe. By using econometric methods, it challenges the modified neofunctionalist argument that the extent of intra-EC trade explains the referral practice of the individual member states. Majoritarian democracy is hypothesized as a causal factor in the low referral rates for some of the EU member states. Key characteristics of majoritarian democracy versus constitutional democracy are outlined and the former is further detailed by means of two case studies: Denmark and the UK. Finally, a panel data analysis is conducted and finds evidence of a negative impact of majoritarian democracy on the number of referrals. The paper concludes that, owing to the uneven legal push for Europe, some member states and their citizens remain at arms' length from the legal integration process – and, in consequence, from the full impact of European integration.


A finite element method for analysis of two-dimensional, steady-state, viscous incompressible flow is presented. Finite element equations are derived from a set of coupled nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations that consists of the conservation of mass and momentums. The convection terms in momentum equations are treated by streamline upwinding method to avoid the oscillation in the solution. The method has been developed for triangular element that employs equal-order interpolation functions for both the velocities and pressure. A segregated solution algorithm is also incorporated to compute the velocities and pressure separately. The method is combined with an adaptive meshing technique to further increase the solution accuracy, and at the same time, to minimize the computational time and computer memory requirement. The finite element formulation and the computer program have been verified by several examples that have known solutions prior to applying to solve more complex flow problems.


OBJECTIVE
This work sought to explore the relationship between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional cohort study with a representative sample of 229 elderly adults with chronic disease registered in 12 life centers in the city of Cartagena. Reed's Spiritual Perspective and Francis' Religiosity scales were applied.

RESULTS
Mean age was 74.4 years, 62.9% were women, and the most frequent occupations were: unemployed (45.9%) and housewives (44.5%); the religion most practiced was Catholicism (81.2%). Levels of spirituality and religiosity were high, showing a moderate and direct correlation (r = 0.57).

CONCLUSION
A directly proportional relationship exists between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease.


In July 1906 the physics community in Germany was shocked by the sudden death of Paul Drude, one of the key figures of a flourishing field. At the age of almost 43 years he had reached the summit of his career, having just been promoted to Director of the Physics Institute in Berlin and member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In the course of his academic research Drude covered the observation of macroscopic phenomena as well as the understanding of microscopic processes; he developed advanced methods to acquire reliable experimental data but also unified mathematical descriptions; he covered thermodynamics and statistical physics as well as optics and transport theory. Being always well grounded in classical physics he was also one of the first modern physicists.


In this study, chromium carbide coating obtained by thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) process on AISI 52100 steel, prepared by packed method at temperature of 850 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h, were investigated by performing a series of tests. The chromium carbide coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro-Vickers hardness test and Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhesion test. The chromium carbide layer produced on the AISI52100 steel exhibited a smooth and flat morphology. Depending on treatment time, the coating had a thickness of 3.2 – 8.5 μm. XRD analysis revealed the existence of Cr7C3 and (Cr,Fe)7C3 compounds. The hardness of the surface was increased from 723 to 1730 – 1920 HV0.025 after the coating process. The adhesion strength quality of the coating is correlated to HF2 to HF3 according to the VDI 3198 norm. Comparision of wear performance between chromium carbide coating and substrate showed that the coating can significantly improve wear resistance of the material. Friction coefficient decreased from the 0.46 to 0.37 and wear weight loss decreased by 89.3 %.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing configurations are able to provide continuous measurements on global scales sensitive to the vertical structure of forests with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Furthermore, the development of tomographic SAR techniques allows the reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3-D) radar reflectivity opening the door for 3-D forest monitoring. However, the link between 3-D radar reflectivity and 3-D forest structure is not yet established. In this sense, this paper introduced a framework that allows a qualitative and quantitative interpretation of physical forest structure from tomographic SAR data at L-band. For this, forest structure is parameterized into a set of a horizontal and a vertical structure index. From inventory data, both indices can be derived from the spatial distribution and the dimensions of the trees. Similarly, two structure indices are derived from the 3-D spatial distribution of the local maxima of the reconstructed 3-D radar reflectivity profiles at L-band. The proposed methodology is tested by means of experimental tomographic L-band data acquired over the temperate forest site of Traunstein in Germany. The obtained horizontal and vertical structure indices are validated against the corresponding estimates obtained from inventory measurements and against the same indices derived from the vertical profiles of airborne Lidar data. The high correlation between the forest structure indices obtained from these three different data sources (expressed by correlation coefficients between 0.75 and 0.87) indicates the potential of the proposed framework.


Population dynamics of leaf curling aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) and natural enemies associated with the pest were studied. The initial occurrence of the alate forms of B. helichyrsi on peach was noticed as the first alates (1.33/10 leaves) in the 3rd week of October, 2004. In the aphid colonies, alates appeared (2.33 alates/10 leaves) in the 3rd week of February and their percent population increased gradually in proportions. However, the winged aphids totally disappeared from 2nd week of December to 2nd week of February. There was a decline in the aphid population from 3rd week of April (12.62%) and onwards both apterous and alate forms disappeared from the host plants. During 1st week of February, the overwintering nymphs developed into apterous adults. There was a rapid increase in aphid population (170.67/10 leaves) and peak population (592.00/10 leaves) was recorded in 3rd week of March when the mean atmospheric temperature and relative humidity were 16.2°C and 74.44% respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the population build up of the pest and combined effect of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity (R1.23 = 0.7051). The independent effect of humidity (r13.2 = 0.7741) and atmospheric temperature (r12.3 = 0.5551) was also found positively correlated with population build up of the pest. Overwintering stage of the pest from December - January revealed that nymphs produced in the last week of November overwintered in the axils and bases of dormant buds of peach tree. The population of overwintering nymphs was more in January (3.0/10 buds) than in December (0.67/10 buds). Coccinella septempunctata L., Leis dimidiata F., Coelophora sauzeti Muls., Ischiodon scutellaris (F.), Paragus (Paragus) serratus (Fabr.) and Paragus(Pandasyophthalmus) tibialis (Fallen) were recorded as aphidophagous predators and Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh and Aphidius sp. as parasitoids of the pest.

 Key words: Population dynamics, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.), natural enemies, peach cv. Flordasun.


Morphological and biochemical indicators of blood of sports horses with high degree of intensity training loadings are considered at application probiotic bifikol. It is shown that application probiotic bifikol, and also in a complex with ascorbic acid promotes activization eritroand activization of leukocytes, normalisation of indicators of albuminous and fermental exchanges at sports horses against active physical activities.


The students perception on the teacher instruction shows whether the teaching techniques meet the students need or not. Because of this reason, the researcher wants to find out the varieties of pre-reading activities used by the teacher and the students perception on the implementation of the pre-reading activities. There were two problem formulations in this study: 1) What kinds of pre-reading activities that are used by Basic Reading II teacher in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University? 2) How is the students perception on pre-reading activities used by the teacher?This research was a survey research. In gathering the data, there were two instruments used in this research. They were interview and questionnaire. The interview was done by interviewing the teacher of Basic Reading II Class. The interview was used to answer the first research question about the varieties of pre-reading activities in Basic Reading II class. Then, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to 56 students of Basic Reading II class. The questionnaire was used to answer the second research question about the students perception on pre-reading activities used by the teacher.The result of this research showed that brainstorming, pre-teaching vocabulary, pre-questioning, visual aids, and KWL strategy were the varieties of pre-reading activities used by the teacher. There were two different implementation of pre-teaching vocabulary. There were also two activities combined together, they were the use of visual aids and KWL strategy. The students had positive perception on the implementation of pre-reading activities in Basic Reading II Class.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2015.180206


OBJECTIVE
To assess the epidemiology features of hypertension in Heilongjiang Province, China.

METHODS
From 1959 to 1999, 289,157 people in total, ages > or = 15-year old (male 154,091, female 135,066) were investigated four times by a stratified chunk method in rural and urban areas in Heilongjiang Province. After a staff training program, this survey on blood pressure and risk factors was carried out under a worldwide uniform protocol with standardized method and interrelated quality control regulation. Among these samples, 1615 people (male 824, female 791) received blood-lipid analysis.

RESULTS
The hypertensive incidence of Heilongjiang was much higher than the average level in China (P < 0.01) and it has gotten higher from 1959 to 1999, especially in the last ten years. It increased more in males than in females (P < 0.01). It was also higher with age. The mean age of hypertensive onset became ten years younger recently. It is different in different areas and professions. Age, BMI (body mass index), drinking alcohol, gender, history of maternal hypertension, high salt diet and professional status were the main risk factors for hypertension in Heilongjiang Province in China.

CONCLUSION
The prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension should be enhanced in this area.


This article is an extension of the work presented earlier, which compared and analyzed the economics of alternative maintenance plans. The proposed model combines genetic algorithms with Monte Carlo simulation to arrive at the most economic investment timing. The approach described earlier was characterized by a very long computing time making it difficult to use. This paper addresses several issues related to the computational efficiency and introduces several innovative solutions that not only improve the accuracy of the analysis but also provide new opportunities in selecting optimal investment scenarios. The methodology based on stochastic-deterministic optimization algorithms and activation genes is described and illustrated by a numerical example involving analysis of the optimal number of new investments and their most economic timing for a refurbishment of a large steam generating unit.


H-shaped beam installed in a braced structure are subjected to reversed axial force during the earthquake. In the previous paper, the evaluation index and formulae for beams collapse with dominant local buckling are reported. In this paper, additional experiments and numerical analyses are carried out to clarify the influences of combined (local and lateral) buckling for the ultimate strength, plastic deformation capacity, and cumulative plastic deformation capacity. Based on the obtained results, the new evaluation index and formulae are proposed here. Finally, the applicability of the previous equation of Bauschinger effect coefficient is investigated to calculate the hysteresic energy absorption.


Aralia elata Seemann (AE) has long been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus, anti-arthritic, and anti-gastric ulcer agent in Korea, Japan, and China. This study was performed to establish a simple and reliable HPLC/UV analytical method for determination of most active anti-hypertensive compound, a 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosylester (HE) for the standardization of the shoot extract of AE as a health functional food ingredient. The quantitative analytical method of HE was optimized by HPLC analysis using reverse-phase C18 column at 40°C with H2O and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength of UV 205 nm. This HPLC/UV analytical method showed good specificity and high linearity in the tested range of 0.03125-2.0mg/ml with excellent coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 12.0 μg/mL and 36.5 μg/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the established HPLC/UV analytical method is very simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible and thus can be useful for the quantitative analysis of HE as a functional anti-hypertensive compound in AE extract.


Background. Bahia de la Paz, Mexico have seasonal blooms of planktonic prey that support a range of marine species including whale sharks (Rhincodon typus). Goals. This study includes the first sampling cycle that covers all climatic seasons, to know changes in the abundance and composition of zooplankton in the coastal waters off the El Mogote Sandbar, in Bahia de La Paz, BCS, Mexico. Methods. A total of 96 plankton samples were collected at predetermined field stations, spanning the entire length of the El Mogote from June 2016 to May 2017. Results. Total biomass was significantly different between seasons (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 29.993, p = 0.000001385), with the lowest biomass recorded in spring (176.28 ml 100 m-3, 10.1%); and highest observed for winter (703.04 ml 100 m-3, 40.4%). Zooplankton composition was largely comprised of two main taxonomic groups: Copepoda (396,234 organisms100 m-3, 43.1%) and Chaetognatha (196,986 organisms100 m-3, 21.4%). The total number of individuals (sum of all taxonomic groups) per season showed significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 29.78, p = 0.000001533) with the highest concentrations recorded in winter (292,429 organisms100 m-3, 31.8%) and lowest in spring (162,995 organisms100 m-3; 17.7%). Conclusions. This information provides the first work focused solely in the El Mogote area as a main foraging site for whale sharks, with clear changes in plankton communities with respect to shifting climatic seasons, and the importance of certain taxonomic groups to the diet of whale sharks.


The surface roughness and surface morphology of silicon wafers polished by three different polishing methods were analyzed in this paper. A polishing pad was prepared by means of sol-gel technology as semi-fixed abrasive tool. An electroplated polishing pad was chosen as fixed abrasive tool. And a polishing cloth was chosen as free abrasive tool. The results showed that the surface of silicon wafer polished by the sol-gel polishing pad was superior to the other two. It was easy to get mirror effect with few scratches while the free abrasive and fixed abrasive got lots of scratches on 23silicon wafers. The surface roughness of silicon wafer polished by the sol-gel polishing pad reached 1.41nm measured by atomic force microscope (AFM).


STUDIES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. Edited by Derek L. Phillips. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1965. Pp. 262. Phillips' purpose in producing this volume is to present to the student of sociology an introduction to some of the most significant literature in the field and, at the same time, to illumine the process by which accruals to sociological knowledge are obtained. To accomplish this, he has excerpted sections of five monographs on research recently completed. Each presents a good example of the modem scientific sociologist at work; each presents some key findings of the work selected as well as discussions of some of the methodological and conceptual problems encountered. The selections include central portions of Lenski's &dquo;The Religious Factor&dquo;, Schramm et al's study of television, Coleman's inquiry into adolescent society, Lazarsfeld and Thielens' examination of the impact of McCarthyism on academic freedom, and the investigation of mental health in Midtown Manhattan, carried


BACKGROUND
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an extremely common problem for women and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and HIV infection. Currently available antibiotic treatments are moderately effective but may need to be repeated frequently because of the recurrent nature of the disease. We undertook a pilot study of a buffering vaginal microbicide in the treatment of BV.

METHODS
Women with clinically diagnosed BV were recruited to receive seven applications (5 g per application) of BufferGel trade mark (ReProtect, LLC, Baltimore, MD), a topical vaginal microbicide, and had clinical and gram stain evaluation of response. Subjects were evaluated at 2-3 days after the last application of BufferGel as a test of cure and again at 1 month to assess for relapse. Subjects with BV at test of cure were offered oral metronidazole.

RESULTS
Thirty-one women were screened, 16 were offered enrollment, and 10 completed the study. Treatment with BufferGel was clinically effective in 70% of women at 2-3 days after treatment and in 40% of women by 1-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that 5 g of BufferGel vaginally once a day appears to be a moderately effective treatment for BV.


Laminar heat and mass transfer are central to a wide range of industrial processes, encompassing (thermal) processing of viscous fluids, compact equipment for process intensification, and emerging microfluidic devices. Many of these applications incorporate the ''static-mixing principle'' (stirring of a throughflow by internal elements) for mixing and heattransfer enhancement. Investigations on static mixers primarily concern numerical simulations. Experimental studies, on the other hand, are relatively rare and to date restricted to visualization of mixing patterns or integral quantities as for example, pressure drop and heat-transfer coefficients. The present study expands on this by quantitative experimental analysis of three-dimensional (3-D) flow fields and streamline patterns in a representative static mixer using 3-D particletracking velocimetry. This necessitates tackling of (internal) refractions and reflections caused by the complex mixer geometry. Comparison of experimental results with numerical predictions reveals a good agreement. V C 2012 American


Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a pleiotropic, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family that plays a central role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Great strides have been made in the past three decades to understand the role of NF-κB in physiological and pathological conditions. Carcinogenesis is associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis evasion. NF-κB is ubiquitously expressed, however, its activity is under tight regulation by inhibitors of the pathway and through multiple posttranslational modifications. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification that controls NF-κB-dependent transactivation. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient-dependent rheostat of cellular signaling. Increased uptake of glucose and glutamine by cancer cells enhances NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation. Growing evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation of NF-κB is a key molecular mechanism that regulates cancer cell proliferation, survival and metastasis and acts as link between inflammation and cancer. In this review, we are attempting to summarize the current understanding of the cohesive role of NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation in inflammation and cancer.


AIMS
To examine in the general population the association of regular consumption of wine with meals, subjective well-being and risky drinking.

METHODS
A random sample of Finnish people aged 18-69 ('Finnish Drinking Habits Survey 2008', n = 2591, response rate 74%) were interviewed regarding psychological distress, self-efficacy, self-perceived health, uncontrolled drinking, negative events during drinking, hazardous drinking and consumption of alcohol. The analysis focused on comparison of those who drank wine at least once a week versus more seldom. Regression models adjusted for social determinants, smoking and chronic illness.

RESULTS
Twelve percent of Finnish adults drank wine with meals at least once a week. Drinking wine with meals was an urban phenomenon and associated with higher socioeconomic status. Regular wine with meal drinkers reported better health, higher self-efficacy and less psychological distress than others even when various confounders were adjusted for. They also reported more risky drinking and higher yearly consumption than other alcohol consumers. Especially those who drank both wine and beer during meals had higher rates of risky drinking. Those restricting themselves to only wine with meals reported less hazardous drinking than the general population.

CONCLUSION
Consumption of wine with meals was associated with high socioeconomic status and high subjective well-being. Risky drinking was prevalent among wine with meal drinkers, but only among those who drank both wine and beer with meals. Potential unknown confounders may exist, but the results underline a link between subjective well-being and drinking wine with meals.


Nerve injury leads to novel sympathetic innervation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We have hypothesized previously that the degenerating nerve increases the sympathetic sprouting in the DRG and pain after chronic sciatic constriction injury (CCI) by virtue of its influence on sensory and sympathetic axons spared by the injury. However, L5 spinal nerve ligation and transection (SNL) results in the complete isolation of the L5 DRG from the degenerating stump, yet sympathetic axons invade the ganglion, and sympathetically dependent pain develops. We investigated the role of Wallerian degeneration in both sympathetic sprouting and neuropathic pain in these two models of painful peripheral neuropathy by comparing responses of normal C57B1/6J and C57B1/Wlds mice in which degeneration is impaired. After CCI, Wlds mice, unlike 6J mice, did not develop thermal or mechanoallodynia or sympathetic innervation of the L5 DRG. After SNL, both strains developed mechanoallodynia and sympathetic sprouts in L5, but only 6J mice developed thermal allodynia. Observation of the origins of the invading sympathetic axons revealed that after CCI, sympathetics innervating blood vessels and dura (probably intact) sprouted into the ganglion, but after SNL sympathetics (probably axotomized) invaded from the injured spinal nerve. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that there are two mechanisms for sympathetic sprouting into DRG, differentially dependent on Wallerian degeneration. Analysis of pain behavior in these animals reveals that (i) mechanoallodynia and sympathetic innervation of the DRG tend to coincide and (ii) thermal allodynia and Wallerian degeneration, but not sympathetic innervation of the DRG tend to coincide.


A rapid, mild and metal-free intermolecular cyclopropanation between iodonium ylides and alkene-containing substrates mediated by PhI(OAc)2·Bu4NI is reported. Iodonium ylides of cyclic and acyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls were reacted with a variety of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes of various structural types to give 29 cyclopropanes in up to 97% yield.


Owing to the inevitability of man's dependence on water, directly or indirectly and the sensitive nature of the largest Africa's river delta, groundwater samples were collected from three functional boreholes in Gokana, Ogale and Trans-Amadi communities in Rivers State of Nigeria to appraise the suitability of the water samples for end-users.The hydrochemistry, physical property and expressed microbial load, using conventional field and laboratory techniques were assayed. The results gave significant variations in most water characteristics attributable to Petroleum production, Artisanal refining, Illegal tapping, and Industrial activities among others. Physicochemical properties like TSS, DO, NH 3 , Acidity, Colour, and pH levels exceeded set limits (Department of Petroleum Resources, DPR and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality, NSDWQ) for all locations and was comparable to the UNEP's recent report findings on Ogoniland and environment. Also, at p ≤ 0.05, elevated levels of Benzene, a carcinogen was observed for Ogale water samples. Although the expressed microbial load did not comply with standards for all locations, there was no statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) among the three different locations. These are suggestive of groundwater pollution as well as interrelationship with social and health implications.


Colonization of the intestinal tracts of newly hatched chicks with Escherichia coli was attempted by swabbing test organisms onto the air-shell of 19-day-old embryos. Test organisms consisted of two virulent E. coli isolates, one avirulent isolate, and one laboratory-derived mutant of the avirulent isolate carrying a recombinant plasmid coding for Colicin V production. Chicks were cultured weekly for 3 weeks for total E. coli and for the test organisms using selective media. Control chicks were sampled on weeks 1 and 5, and the normal E. coli intestinal microflora were examined for the production of colicins. The two virulent E. coli isolates maintained colonization of the chicks for the 3-week test period, with titers decreasing from 10' to 10'- colony-forming units (CFU)/g of intestine. The avirulent isolate and laboratory mutant did not consistently colonize the intestinal tracts. The majority of intestinal samples taken from the control chicks at 1 and 5 weeks had colicin-producing E. coli that were inhibitory to the test organisms.


This Novel Jakarta Sebelum Pagi by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie examines stories of love nuances which also contain socio-cultural elements in the modern era with a comparison of past stories to support the moral values presented. This study aims to examine abstract symbols so that multiple interpretations are made art connoisseurs. The author uses a type of qualitative research with a content analysis approach. Data was collected by grouping quotations between conversations between Abel's figure and other figures who shared similarity with symbolism in communication semiotics, namely symbolism of loyalty, trust, caring and habit. The results of the study which showed the discovery of four symbolism is as follows. First, the symbol of commitment is demonstrated by the blue Hyacinth flower that the character always brings to his lover. Second, trust is shown by pigs which are believed to have high ability to capture and intelligence, so that a symbol of a pig represents the character of Nissa (someone who can be trusted). Third, the concern is shown by grunts and growls by figures who cannot communicate using the five senses. Fourth, the custom symbol is illustrated by smoked pigs which are already polluted pollution in the city of Jakarta every day. The four symbols can be found in the discussion of imaginary novels.


We study the role of rotational symmetry in the systems where nonabelian Berry potentials emerge as a result of integrating out fast degrees of freedom. The conserved angular momentum is constructed in the presence of a non-abelian Berry potential, which is formulated using Grassmann variables. The modifications on conventional angular momentum are discussed in close analogy with monopole systems. The diatomic molecular system discussed by Zygelman is found to have a similar structure to that of a non-abelian SU(2) charge coupled to a 't Hooft Polyakov monopole. The abelian limit of the Berry potential in diatomic systems is shown to be the same as U(1) monopole and in a large separation limit, we observe the decoupling associated with a vanishing field tensor. ∗Supported in part by the KOSEF under Grant No.91-08-00-04 and by Ministry of Education(BSRI-92-231)


Abstract Introduction Leishmaniasis is a life-threatening zoonosis of which dogs are the major reservoir and sandflies are the vectors. Until now, the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in the Slovenian dog population was unknown. Material and Methods Epidemiological data, eye swabs and blood samples were taken from 465 dogs born in Slovenia and older than one year. Commercial ELISA kits and real-time PCR were used. For ELISA-positive samples, an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the samples. The one-sample nonparametric chi-square test was used to test whether the categories of a variable were equally distributed. Results A 59.9% proportion of the recruited dogs had travelled to endemic regions and 62.1% of them had not been protected by insect repellents. Skin symptoms that might be CanL-related were described in 109 of the dogs' histories (23.4%), inappetence and/or weight loss in 25 (5.4%), and anaemia, intermittent fever, and/or lymphadenopathy in 19 (4.1%). At the time of recruitment, all dogs were asymptomatic. All samples were PCR negative, nine (1.9%) were ELISA positive, but none were IFAT positive. Five of the nine ELISA-positive dogs were non-travellers. Conclusion We conclude that the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis of 1.9 % in the autochthonous Slovenian dog population may pose a risk of endemic spread of the disease.


Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are commonly used for industrial applications. Consequently, there is increasing exposure of humans to them. The in vitro analysis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity is commonly performed under standard cell culture conditions. Thus, the question arises of how the results of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity experiments would alter if human plasma was used instead of cell culture medium containing of fetal calf serum (FCS). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in human plasma and exposed to ZnO-NPs. A cultivation in expansion medium made of DMEM consisting 10% FCS (DMEM-EM) served as control. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated with the comet and MTT assay, respectively. hMSC differentiation capacity and ZnO-NP disposition were evaluated by histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein concentration and the amount of soluble Zn2+ were measured. The cultivation of hMSCs in plasma leads to an attenuation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NPs compared to control. The differentiation capacity of hMSCs was not altered. The TEM showed ZnO-NP persistence in cytoplasm in both groups. The concentrations of protein and Zn2+ were higher in plasma than in DMEM-EM. In conclusion, the cultivation of hMSCs in plasma compared to DMEM-EM leads to an attenuation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro.


A tiny vortex filament, the self-organization of which follows the contour of the nonlinear Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability was generated by the Gaussian laser pulse on a ns time scale. Vortex filament self-organization on the nonplanar target surface follows the asymmetric RT evolution consisting of the compressed half of the hypocycloide whose cusps have evolved into spikes, and of the other half whose cusps have evolved into loops. Since the loops cannot be formed, the filaments break into short sets of parallel rolls, oriented in radial direction. The asymmetric contour of the filament self-organization was reproduced by the two-dimensional multimode model that gives the analytical solution, based on the model of Ott. The asymmetry in the vortex filament self-organization is generated by the random wave number mode values, and by the specific phase relations between the modes.


Pathological examination was performed on a male 196-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat with hindrance of the motility. A tumor was found to locate in the right lateral ventricle. It was poorly demarcated, and was reddish gray in color. The tumor cells were pleomorphic, fusiform or polygonal in shape and varied in size, sometimes with formation of pseudorosettes. The tumor was diagnosed as ependymoma.


Moire systems offer an exciting playground to study many-body effects of strongly correlated electrons in regimes that are not easily accessible in conventional material settings. Motivated by a recent experiment on $\text{WSe}_2/\text{WS}_2$ moire bilayers [Y. Tang et al., Nature 579, 353-358 (2020)], which realizes a triangular superlattice with a small hopping (of approximately 10 Kelvin), with tunable density of holes, we explore the Hubbard model on the triangular lattice for intermediate temperatures $t \lesssim T<U$. Employing finite temperature Lanczos calculations, and closely following the fitting protocols used in the experiment, we recover the observed trends in the reported Curie-Weiss temperature $\Theta$ with filling, using the reported interaction strength $U/t=20$. We focus on the large increase of $|\Theta|$ on decreasing the density below half filling and the sign change of $\Theta$ at higher fillings, which signals the onset of ferromagnetism. The increase in $|\Theta|$ is also seen in the $t$-$J$ model (the low energy limit of the Hubbard model) in the intermediate temperature range, which we clarify is opposite to the trend in its high temperature limit. Differences between the low, intermediate and high temperature regimes are discussed. Our numerical calculations also capture the crossover between short-range antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order in the intermediate temperature regime, a result broadly consistent with the experimental findings. We find that this behavior is a finite-temperature remnant of the underlying zero temperature phase transition, which we explore with ground state density matrix renormalization group calculations. We provide evidence of ferromagnetism characterized by weak (but robust) correlations that explain the small $\Theta$ seen in the experiment.


The desire to develop web-based platforms for remote collaboration among physicians and technologists is becoming a great challenge. In this paper we describe a web-based radiotherapy treatment planning (WBRTP) system to facilitate decentralized radiotherapy services by allowing remote treatment planning and quality assurance (QA) of treatment delivery. Significant prerequisites are digital storage of relevant data as well as efficient and reliable telecommunication system between collaborating units. The system of WBRTP includes video conferencing, display of medical images (CT scans, dose distributions etc), replication of selected data from a common database, remote treatment planning, evaluation of treatment technique and follow-up of the treated patients. Moreover the system features real-time remote operations in terms of tele-consulting like target volume delineation performed by a team of experts at different and distant units. An appraisal of its possibilities in quality assurance in radiotherapy is also discussed. As a conclusion, a WBRTP system would not only be a medium for communication between experts in oncology but mainly a tool for improving the QA in radiotherapy.


Geotrichum candidum is a saprophytic yeast known to colonize the human skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. It can cause local or disseminated disease (geotrichosis), mainly in the immunocompromised host. Trauma, indwelling catheter use, prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and critical illness have also been implicated as risk factors. Here we report the first case, to our knowledge, of cutaneous G. candidum infection in a burn patient. The isolate had a high amphotericin B minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the patient experienced concomitant Candida orthopsilosis fungaemia, and so was treated with a combination of voriconazole and micafungin. This case highlights the importance of source control, rapid identification of G. candidum infection and MIC determination to guide antifungal therapy, which typically consists of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine or voriconazole alone. Clinicians should be aware of geotrichosis as a clinical entity in burn patients as well as in the immunocompromised. Antifungal resistance and breakthrough disease are an ongoing concern due to the increasing number of immunocompromised at-risk patients and the use of routine mould prophylaxis.


Traditionally reproduction, gestation and childbirth have all been regarded as being primarily a woman's domain. As natural reproduction occurs inside a woman's body, respect for autonomy and bodily integrity requires the pregnant woman to have the conclusive say over the fate of the embryo/fetus growing within her. Thus traditionally the ethics and law of reproduction is dominated by the importance of respecting women's reproductive choices. This paper argues that emerging technologies demand a radical rethink of ethics and law in the area of reproduction. The creation and storing of embryos outside of a woman's body and maintaining a pregnancy in a brain dead woman's body and future possibilities such as ectogenesis and male pregnancy raise important issues that cannot simply be answered by appealing to the rights of women to control their bodies. There are those who argue that when reproduction or reproductive products exist outside of a woman's body each gamete donor should have an equal say over the fate of the embryo/fetus. Others, however, argue that giving an equal say to gamete donors in practice usually means allowing the male donor to veto the reproductive enterprise and this is unacceptable. As a result it has been suggested that women should be favoured when it comes to such reproductive choices. This paper examines both sides of this debate in order to answer the fundamental ethical and policy question: 'Is there any reason why women should necessarily retain control over reproduction rather than simply over their own bodies?'


A glorious, fully illustrated celebration of the London 2012 Olympic Games, with expert analysis and comment from The Times' cast of sporting experts and brought to life with sumptuous, award-winning photographs The London 2012 Olympic Games are one of the great success stories not just in British sport but beyond that. An unprecedented number of golds won by Team GB, countless magical moments that had the nation on the edge of their seats waving flags and cheering on Britain's finest, and a mood of national pride all went towards making it a unique moment in British history. In this sumptuous, fully illustrated tribute to the Games, The Times have brought together their cast of sports experts and award-winning photos to re-live the Games and celebrate everything they achieved. This is a souvenir of a treasured moment in British sporting history that allows fans to relive that incredible fortnight, page by page and medal by medal.


The Elk Basin anticline, Wyoming-Montana, has an order of magnitude more structural relief than structures of the Appalachian Plateau, New York. Despite its structural relief the Elk Basin anticline shows very little macroscopic evidence for layer-parallel shortening vs. more than 10% for the subtle Appalachian Plateau folds. Elk Basin anticline is a passive drape fold extending over a tongue of basement punching up into the sedimentary cover. On the other extreme, the detached fold belt of the Appalachian Plateau remained in compression during most, if not all, of the Alleghanian layer-parallel shortening event. The joint pattern in Elk Basin is dominated by fold-parallel sets. The joint pattern in the Appalachian Plateau is dominated by fold-perpendicular sets. These two joint patterns are consistent with states of stress that suppress layer-parallel shortening in the former case and favor it in the latter case. Curvy cross joints are unambiguous records of the change in stress field orientation. Such structures in the clastic rocks of Elk Basin indicate a 10{degrees} to 15{degrees} clockwise reorientation of the stress field during later stages of fold development. The early to synfolding propagation of fold-parallel joints is indicated by their attitude normal to bedding on both limbs ofmore » the Elk Basin anticline. Fold-parallel joints are also rotated during strike-slip motion on later, vertical faults cutting subperpendicular to the anticlinal axis. Finally, the fracture spacing index for fold-parallel joints in various formations at Elk Basin is less than for cross fold joints of the Appalachian Plateau.« less


Two studies on young children are reported, addressing the psychometric characteristics of the Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance (SAED), a standardized, norm-referenced instrument based on the federal definition of emotional disturbance (ED). The main purpose of the SAED is to assist in identifying children with emotional disturbance by operationally defining ED as stated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997. The first study investigated the long-term test—retest reliability of the SAED over a 7-month period. The second study examined the convergent validity of the SAED by comparing it with several subscales of the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders, a multigate screening system to identify children at risk of behavior problems. The results indicate that the SAED is a reliable and valid instrument for identifying young children who may qualify for the federal definition of ED.


The library "the reader first"giving in "the reader right", not only conforms to the needs of present era development and the library itself development, but also lay the foundation for gradually improving the national legal regime. This article elaborates emphatically the reader rights legal characteristics, discusses the reader right's legal implication, provides the legal analysis for "the reader first" transiting to "the reader right"


Varroa destructor, a major ectoparasite of the Western honey bee Apis mellifera, is a widespread pest that damages colonies in the Northern Hemisphere. Throughout their lifecycle, V. destructor females feed on almost every developmental stage of their host, from the last larval instar to the adult. The parasite is thought to feed on hemolymph and fat body, although its exact diet and nutritional requirements are poorly known. Using artificial Parafilm™ dummies, we explored the nutrition of V. destructor females and assessed their survival when fed on hemolymph from bee larvae, pupae, or adults. We compared the results with mites fed on synthetic solutions or filtered larval hemolymph. The results showed that the parasites could survive for several days or weeks on different diets. Bee larval hemolymph yielded the highest survival rates, and filtered larval plasma was sufficient to maintain the mites for 14 days or more. This cell-free solution therefore theoretically contains all the necessary nutrients for mite survival. Because some bee proteins are known to be hijacked without being digested by the parasite, we decided to run a proteomic analysis of larval honey bee plasma to highlight the most common proteins in our samples. A list of 54 proteins was compiled, including several energy metabolism proteins such as Vitellogenin, Hexamerin, or Transferrins. These molecules represent key nutrient candidates that could be crucial for V. destructor survival.


Abstract Refined biostratigraphic data from India and new data from Iran confirm that several major phosphogenic events took place within the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary interval across southern and central Asia. The palaeoceanographic setting of these event is briefly reviewed with reference to changes in the biosphere, where it is shown to have coincided with a widespread radiation of skeletons of diverse mineralogy (siliceous, apatitic, aragonitic, calcitic). Although a connection between palaeoceanographic changes and biomineralization cannot yet be demonstrated, the possibility that phosphogenesis enhanced the fossil record at this point is tested. Preliminary criteria are put forward and illustrated for the recognition of primary phosphatic skeletons, secondarily phosphatized organic remains and secondarily phosphatized carbonate skeletons. This latter category comprises a major proportion of phosphatic small shelly fossils in the Chinese and Iranian sequences. Three kinds of phosphatic taphofacies are then distinguished for early skeletal biotas: residual phosphatic, phosphatized carbonate and phosphatized organic facies (i.e. lägerstatten conditions). In several phosphogenic regions, the skeletal fossil record begins with residual phosphatic assemblages, followed by phosphatized carbonate taphofacies. Such diagenesis played an important role in enhancing the fossil record at this time because the first skeletons were thin (5–40 μm) and vulnerable to neomorphism in dolomitic or clastic facies. Phosphatized organic remains appeared locally during the major phosphogenic events, perhaps associated with more anoxic seafloor conditions that supressed the shelly calcareous benthos.


ABSTRACT For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, microbicides or drugs delivered as quick-dissolving films may be more acceptable to women than gels because of their compact size, minimal waste, lack of an applicator, and easier storage and transport. This has the potential to improve adherence to promising products for preexposure prophylaxis. Vaginal films containing IQP-0528, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, were evaluated for their pharmacokinetics in pigtailed macaques. Polymeric films (22 by 44 by 0.1 mm; providing 75% of a human dose) containing IQP-0528 (1.5%, wt/wt) with and without poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulation were inserted vaginally into pigtailed macaques in a crossover study design (n = 6). With unencapsulated drug, the median (range) vaginal fluid concentrations of IQP-0528 were 160.97 (2.73 to 2,104), 181.79 (1.86 to 15,800), and 484.50 (8.26 to 4,045) μg/ml at 1, 4, and 24 h after film application, respectively. Median vaginal tissue IQP-0528 concentrations at 24 h were 3.10 (0.03 to 222.58) μg/g. The values were similar at locations proximal, medial, and distal to the cervix. The IQP-0528 nanoparticle-formulated films delivered IQP-0528 in vaginal tissue and secretions at levels similar to those obtained with the unencapsulated formulation. A single application of either formulation did not disturb the vaginal microflora or the pH (7.24 ± 0.84 [mean ± standard deviation]). The high mucosal IQP-0528 levels delivered by both vaginal film formulations were between 1 and 5 log higher than the in vitro 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of 0.146 μg/ml. The excellent coverage and high mucosal levels of IQP-0528, well above the IC90, suggest that the films may be protective and warrant further evaluation in a vaginal repeated low dose simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) transmission study in macaques and clinically in women.


In Escherichia coli the transcription of the lactose operon, like other catabolite-sensitive operons, requires catabolite gene activator protein and 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in addition to ribonucleic acid polymerase. We isolated and analyzed lac+ revertants from a crp− strain of E. coli. We found that revertants with a higher level of expression only for the lac operon lie in the lac promoter region. These promoter mutations have no effect on operator or repressor function. Two of the revertants in which the lesions have been more precisely mapped carry mutations in the operator proximal segment of the promoter.


AIM
To evaluate the push-out bond strength of the dentine-sealer interface with and without main cone for three resin sealers.

METHODOLOGY
Thirty extracted maxillary premolar teeth with two separate canals were prepared using 0.04 taper Profile instruments to size 35-45. Teeth were divided into three groups for filling using AH Plus, EndoREZ or Resilon sealers. In each tooth, one canal was filled with a matching single-cone technique, and other was filled with sealer alone. A 1 mm slice of mid-root dentine was prepared for the push-out test. Failure modes after push-out were examined under microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed using two-way anova and paired t-tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS
Overall, the epoxy resin-based sealer provided the highest push-out bond strengths. Push-out bond strengths were significantly higher (P < 0.001) when canals were filled with sealer alone than those filled with main cone and sealer (AH Plus 6.6 and 2.0 MPa, respectively; Resilon 3.4 and 0.4 MPa; EndoREZ 0.9 and 0.4 MPa). Sealers appeared to behave differently as thin films in association with a main cone, compared with bulk material. They failed in cohesive mode within the thin film, leaving a layer of sealer on the canal surface. Bulk sealer showed predominantly adhesive failure at the dentine-sealer interface, with a clean dentine wall and with resin tags either partially pulled out or sheared off at the interface.

CONCLUSION
Push-out bond strengths of resin sealers were much lower when the sealer was present as a thin layer.


The main-flow is wandering for sedimentation in downstream channel of the Yellow River, which threatened security greatly for flood control in the lower. It is a very difficult issue to interpret the main-flow information using remote sensing image. In this paper, with the flow characteristics of direction and continuously similarity in river channel, a Dynamic Transmission Cross-Correlation (DTCC) algorithm was proposed and employed to try to extract the main-flow information based on Landsat TM images in wandering reaches of the lower Yellow River. The results show that the interpretation main-flow is coincident with the field observed.


Mites of the family Erythraeidae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1828 are distributed worldwide and have been reported as natural enemies of sucking pests. Adults and deutonymphs are predators; larvae of most species are ectoparasites of different arthropods. They can be harmful to beekeeping. Some species cause dermatitis in humans. Erythraeidae of the Caucasus are poorly studied. This article is the first report on mites of the genus Erythraeus Latreille, 1806 of the family Erythraeidae living in Azerbaijan. An annotated list of five species of mites of this genus collected in the Greater Caucasus is provided: Erythraeus phalangoides (De Geer, 1778), E. regalis (C.L.Koch, 1837), E. gorcensis Gabrys, 2016, E. opilionoides (C.L.Koch, 1837), E. adpendiculatus (Schrank, 1781). All of them are recorded from Azerbaijan for the first time. An identification key to imago of the Erythraeus species is given. The original photographs of imago were taken to clarify the determination. Mites were collected in three landscape zones: semi-desert (4 species), mountain-steppe (2 species) and mountain-forest (2 species). The Absheron Peninsula (semi-desert) is studied best; four Erythraeus species were found there. Most of the species were collected in artificial forests with a predominance of Eldar pine (4 species, 12 individuals). In other biotopes, mites of the genus Erythraeus are rare: 2 species (3 individuals) were found in broad-leaved forests of the low mountains, 1 species (1 individual) in a forb steppe, 1 species (1 individual) in an arid open woodland consisted of weeping pear trees, 1 species (1 individual) in a garden. Only four individuals of E. regalis were recorded on plants. The other mites were collected under stones, which will make it possible to attribute them to herpetobionts, and E. regalis to herpeto-hortobionts. Out of 18 individuals found, 17 were adult, and one larva of E. regalis was removed from spittlebug on a blackberry. The most common Erythraeidae genus in the Greater Caucasus is Abrolophus Berlese, 1891 (39 individuals belonging to eight species were collected). This is the only genus of the family Erythraeidae, found in four landscape zones, from semi-desert to subalpine. The genus Erythraeus was not found in the subalpine zone.


A 24-year-old Japanese woman developed anterocollis, weakness of the proximal arms, and subsequent cognitive impairment. A neurological examination revealed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) without a family history. Systemic muscle atrophy progressed rapidly. Cerebral MRI clearly exhibited high signal intensities along the bilateral pyramidal tracts. An analysis of the FUS gene revealed a heterozygous two-base pair deletion, c.1507-1508delAG (p.G504WfsX515). A subset of juvenile-onset familial/sporadic ALS cases with FUS gene mutations reportedly demonstrates mental retardation or learning difficulty. Our study emphasizes the importance of conducting a FUS gene analysis in juvenile-onset ALS cases, even when no family occurrence is confirmed.


The author gives a brief outline of the operating experiences on three 55,000-volt lines, two of which have been in service 10 years and one 5 years. The quality of the more modern porcelain insulators is notably superior to those first installed on these lines. A device is described by means of which defective insulators can be readily detected in the very early stages of deterioration, and by periodic use of this device and replacement of insulators, failures in service have been practically eliminated.


State-to-state differential cross sections (DCSs) for rotationally inelastic scattering of H(2)O by H(2) have been measured at 71.2 meV (574 cm(-1)) and 44.8 meV (361 cm(-1)) collision energy using crossed molecular beams combined with velocity map imaging. A molecular beam containing variable compositions of the (J = 0, 1, 2) rotational states of hydrogen collides with a molecular beam of argon seeded with water vapor that is cooled by supersonic expansion to its lowest para or ortho rotational levels (J(KaKc) = 0(00) and 1(01), respectively). Angular speed distributions of fully specified rotationally excited final states are obtained using velocity map imaging. Relative integral cross sections are obtained by integrating the DCSs taken with the same experimental conditions. Experimental state-specific DCSs are compared with predictions from fully quantum scattering calculations on the most complete H(2)O-H(2) potential energy surface. Comparison of relative total cross sections and state-specific DCSs show excellent agreement with theory in almost all details.


This paper asks how market expansion contributes to productivity growth. It investigates whether entry to both new international markets and new domestic markets is associated with greater productivity growth. It also examines whether exit from export markets is necessarily associated with deteriorating performance or whether it too can lead to success when associated with movements to new markets. Finally, the paper examines the strategy of firms that move to new markets after they withdraw from export markets in order to examine the differences that set them apart from their counterparts that do not find themselves able to adapt because they simply withdraw to their home domestic markets.


A survey was conducted of 100 dental schools worldwide to investigate the current teaching of posterior resin composite restorations. A 20 multi-part question questionnaire was emailed to the selected schools. Schools were selected by ability to understand and respond in English. The questionnaire consisted of four open-ended questions and 16 closed questions on topics such as material selection for restoring posterior teeth, preclinical teaching of resin composite for posterior teeth, restoration size, contraindications, matrix placement methods, lining use, adhesive selection and finishing. Forty-six schools responded. The outcomes showed all schools included the teaching of resin composite for posterior restorations but varied. The majority of schools (63%) no longer taught amalgam as the preferred posterior restorative material. Half of the schools surveyed set numerical clinical requirements for restoration placement. Australian schools had no requirements whilst 92% of Asian schools did. There was a consensus that larger restorations were less suitable for resin composite. Selection of adhesives depended on region. Generally, the schools surveyed showed minor variations philosophically in teaching of the use and placement of resin composite restorations.


Abstract. Geospace magnetic storms, driven by the solar wind, are associated with increases or decreases in the fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We examine the response of relativistic electrons to four intense magnetic storms, during which the minimum of the Dst index ranged from −105 to −387 nT, and compare these with concurrent observations of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves from the trans-Scandinavian IMAGE magnetometer network and stations from multiple magnetometer arrays available through the worldwide SuperMAG collaboration. The latitudinal and global distribution of Pc5 wave power is examined to determine how deep into the magnetosphere these waves penetrate. We then investigate the role of Pc5 wave activity deep in the magnetosphere in enhancements of radiation belt electrons population observed in the recovery phase of the magnetic storms. We show that, during magnetic storms characterized by increased post-storm electron fluxes as compared to their pre-storm values, the earthward shift of peak and inner boundary of the outer electron radiation belt follows the Pc5 wave activity, reaching L shells as low as 3–4. In contrast, the one magnetic storm characterized by irreversible loss of electrons was related to limited Pc5 wave activity that was not intensified at low L shells. These observations demonstrate that enhanced Pc5 ULF wave activity penetrating deep into the magnetosphere during the main and recovery phase of magnetic storms can, for the cases examined, distinguish storms that resulted in increases in relativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belts from those that did not.


This study reported the test done on coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture for mine wasteland reclamation in pot experiments. According to the characteristic of coal gangue, fly ash and sludge, they were mixed as the complex substrate for reclamation of mine wasteland; meanwhile, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) was also introduced to the reclamation of mine wasteland. The experimental research of the complex substrate and AMF in mine wasteland reclamation was conducted. The results indicated that coal gangue-fly ash-sludge mixture ratio studies revealed that 2: 6: 2 fly ash-coal gangue-sludge mixtures was the optimum mixture ratio that minimized toxic element and provided sufficient nutrients. It resulted that appropriate ratio of the three composite can effectively promote the reclamation, and increase the nutrients absorption of plants, providing a reference for ecological utilization of coal gangue, and fly ash and sludge. In addition, inoculation with AMF in the presence of sludge in mining reclamation was essential for the promotion of plant absorption of nutrients.


Antisera specific for methotrexate, citrovorum factor, actinomycin D, and neocarzinostatin have been elicited in rabbits by immunization with appropriate antigens. The antibodies have been used together with radiolabeled marker haptens to produce sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for each of these drugs.


Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are often used as a clinical marker for re-entrant drivers of atrial fibrillation. However, outcomes of clinical ablation procedures based on CFAEs are controversial and the mechanistic links between fractionation, re-entrant activity and the characteristics of the atrial substrate are not completely understood. We explore such links by simulating electrograms arising from both normal and re-entrant electrical activity in atrial tissue models. 2D and 3D tissue geometries with a range of conditions for intracellular coupling and myofiber orientation fields were studied. Electrograms were fractionated in the presence of complex atrial fiber fields and in 3D irregular geometries, due to far-field excitations. The complexity of the local electrical activity was not a strong determinant of the degree of fractionation. These results suggest that electrogram fractionation is more strongly linked to atrial substrate characteristics (including tissue geometry, fiber orientation and degree of intercelullar coupling) than to the electrical activation pattern sustaining atrial fibrillation.


This Marine and Maritime guides explores the Australian marine history relating to the Dutch East India Company including the explorers Hartog and de Vlamingh and shipwrecks Vergulde Draek and Zuytdorp.


ABSTRACT This paper reports a cross-genre study of how academics engage their audiences in two popular but underexplored academic genres: academic blogs and Three Minute Thesis (3MT) presentations. Based on a corpus of 65 academic blog posts and 65 3MT presentations from social sciences, we examine how academics establish interpersonal rapport with non-specialist audiences with the aid of engagement resources. The analysis identified new ways of informing and persuading a more diverse audience of their research in both genres. Further analyses revealed more engagement features overall deployed in 3MT presentations, especially those seeking to bring audiences into the discussion by mentioning them explicitly, directing them to think in certain ways, and addressing them with questions. Academic bloggers, in contrast, emphasized shared knowledge and offered more parenthetical commentary. The variations are explained in terms of mode and context, especially the time-constrained and face-to-face competitive context of the spoken genre. The findings have important implications for academics to address their audiences in taking their research beyond specialist insiders, and they shed light on how engagement works in very different academic contexts with different modes.


This title is part of a unique series, linking literacy classics with history for KS3. Each title can be used as a project resource for the study of literary works and authors, and at the same time to teach students about historical periods, relating to the works. It is an ideal resource for individual project work on a historical period, a piece of literature, or a writer. It also contains a wide range of text types, including maps, charts, statistics, newspapers, eyewitness accounts, quotation boxes, and biography boxes.


Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program. Methods: To explain the health behavior of participating intention in a worksite smoking cessation program, the health belief model(HBM) was used as study model, and 144 self-administered questionnaires were completed by electronic company workers. Variables of the health belief model were composed of perceived susceptibility to smokinginduced disease, perceived severity of smoking-induced disease, economical gain as perceived benefit of smoking cessation, and nicotine dependency as perceived barrier of smoking cessation. Variables of sociodemographics, smoking status, knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, and cues to smoking cessation were used as modifying factors. Results: Perceived severity(POR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.03-3.83), perceived benefit(POR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.07-4.17), and perceived barrier(POR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76) were significant variables to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program in the logistic regression analysis. The perceived severity was significantly affected by knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking(POR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.23-3.84). The perceived barrier was significantly affected by education level(POR=3.66, 95% CI: 1.17-11.44), age to first cigarette (POR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98), pack-years(POR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.37-12.61). To the Perceived benefit, the model was not fitted. Conclusion: Our results found that counterplans improving the knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, preventing early smoking, and decreasing smoking amount should be considered for an effective smoking ban policy.


The focus of this thesis is the degree distribution of protein family network graphs. We propose three models of evolution that generate a protein family. The first one uses Sequence Alignment to quantify protein relationship while the second uses the number of mutations accumulated on proteins. The last model incorporates explicitly preferential attachment. Following many other studies, we consider three operations: duplication, gene death and mutation. The main result that we report from the three models is that although exponential distribution is the best fit of the data, power law distribution fits the data well with the rates of evolution found in many studies.


With 6,400 entries, this is the most complete available lexicon of ancient Sumerian vocabulary. It replaces version 3 of the author's "Sumerian Lexicon", which has served an audience of over 380,000 visitors since 1999. This published version adds over 2,600 new entries, and corrects or expands many of the previous entries. Also, following the express wish of a majority of online lexicon users, it has merged together and sorted the logogram words and the compound words into purely alphabetical order. This book will be an indispensable reference for anyone trying to translate Sumerian texts. Also, due to the historical position of ancient Sumer as the world's first urban civilisation, cultural and linguistic archaeologists will discover a wealth of information for research.


Post-processing ensemble prediction systems can improve the reliability of weather forecasting, especially for extreme event prediction. In recent years, different machine learning models have been developed to improve the quality of weather post-processing. However, these models require a comprehensive dataset of weather simulations to produce high-accuracy results, which comes at a high computational cost to generate. This paper introduces the ENS-10 dataset, consisting of ten ensemble members spanning 20 years (1998-2017). The ensemble members are generated by perturbing numerical weather simulations to capture the chaotic behavior of the Earth. To represent the three-dimensional state of the atmosphere, ENS-10 provides the most relevant atmospheric variables at 11 distinct pressure levels and the surface at 0.5-degree resolution for forecast lead times T=0, 24, and 48 hours (two data points per week). We propose the ENS-10 prediction correction task for improving the forecast quality at a 48-hour lead time through ensemble post-processing. We provide a set of baselines and compare their skill at correcting the predictions of three important atmospheric variables. Moreover, we measure the baselines' skill at improving predictions of extreme weather events using our dataset. The ENS-10 dataset is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.


The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate how failure in the mechanisms that regulate self-tolerance can lead to autoimmune disease. In particular, I have studied a key player in immunological tolerance, the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE). Mutations in this gene lead to a severe autoimmune disorder called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I). APS I patients suffer from a combination of diseases caused by the immunological destruction of various tissues and organs, mainly the endocrine organs. The most common disease components are hypoparathyroidism, adrenocortical insufficiency and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). It has been clearly shown that AIRE is involved in the negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes. The suggested mechanism is that AIRE induce expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) in the thymus that are needed for the deletion of autoreactive thymocytes, but the exact molecular events and relative importance of this are controversial. The first publication on which this thesis is based, reports that AIRE is involved in the regulation of T cell-independent B cell-responses, and that B cells in Aire mice have an increased activation status. This finding was thought to be connected to the increased serum levels of B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) found in both Aire mice and APS I patients. The excessive BAFF was produced by AIRE-deficient dendritic cells upon IFN-γ stimulation, which was independent of the presence of autoreactive T cells. It was suggested that AIRE regulates peripheral tolerance by inhibiting STAT1 signaling downstream of the IFN-γ receptor. The second paper describes how AIRE deficiency results in impaired development of iNKT cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of APS I. This finding suggests that AIRE has other functions apart from inducing TSAs in the thymus, given that iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens and are not dependent on ectopic peptide expression in the thymus for their development. In the third paper, the mechanisms behind CMC in APS I are described. It is shown that APS I patients have defects in innate immune mechanisms, i.e. the anti-fungal activity of the saliva. The patients exhibit IgA autoantibodies recognizing salivary glands as an indication of ongoing immunological destruction. Furthermore, they lack expression of salivary cystatin SA1, a protein with potent anti-fungal activity. The final paper describes investigations into possible mechanisms governing thymocyte development in the absence of AIRE. This was performed in a system independent of TSA expression where endogenous superantigens mediate selection and activation of transgenic T cells specific for an ovalbumin peptide presented by H2-IA (OT-II T cells). It was found that the OT-II T cells were reduced in Aire mice compared to wild type littermates, and showed an immature phenotype. It was also found that the OT-II Aire mice had increased TCR revision after activation in peripheral organs. The findings in Aire mice and APS I patients presented in this thesis are not explained by reduced TSA expression in the thymus. They show that AIRE has additional functions in both central and peripheral tolerance. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Lindh, E., Lind, S.M., Lindmark, E., Hässler, S., Perheentupa, J., Peltonen, L., Winqvist, O., and Karlsson, M.C.I. (2008). AIRE regulates T cell independent B cell responses through BAFF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 18466-18471. Highlighted in Nature Reviews Immunology, Jan 2009, vol 9. II. Lindh, E., Rosmaraki, E., Berg, L., Brauner, H., Karlsson, M.C.I., Peltonen, L., Höglund, P., and Winqvist, O. (2009). AIRE deficiency leads to impaired iNKT cell development J Autoimmunity. In print, doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.002 III. Lindh, E., Brännström, J., Jones, P., Wermeling, F., Karlsson, M.CI., Hässler, S., Stridsberg, M., Herrmann, B., Winqvist, O. Autoimmunity causes altered oral microenvironment and candidiasis in APS I In manuscript IV. Lindh. E., Hässler, S., Janson, P., Eberhardson, M., Lindmark, E., Karlsson, M.C.I., Peltonen, L., Winqvist, O. AIRE deficiency alters T cell selection and activation mediated by endogenous superantigens In manuscript LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AADC AChR AD AIRE Aire AIRE ALPS APC APECED APS I BAFF BCR CBP CD CMC cTEC CTLA-4 CYP450 B6 DC DN DP FOB GAD HEL HLA HSR IA2 IFN IL IPEX iNKT MHC MS mTEC MZB NALP5 NOD PAMP PIAS/Pias PML RAG RIP Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Acetylcholine receptor Addison's disease Human autoimmune regulator gene Mouse autoimmune regulator gene Autoimmune regulator protein Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Antigen presenting cell Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I B cell activating factor of the TNF family B cell receptor CREB-binding protein Cluster of differentiation Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Cortical thymic epithelial cells Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 Cytochrome P450 C57BL/6 Dendritic cell Double negative Double positive Follicular B cell Glutamate decarboxylase Hen egg lysozyme Human leukocyte antigen Homogeneously staining region Insulinoma associated tyrosine phosphatase like protein Interferon Interleukin Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, Xlinked Invariant natural killer T cell Major histocompatibility complex Multiple sclerosis Medullary thymic epithelial cells Marginal zone B cell NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 Non-obese diabetes Pathogen associated molecular patterns Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Promyelocytic leukemia bodies Recombination activating gene Rat insulin promoter SCC SLE SP STAT T1D TCR TSA tDC Treg 21-OH 17-OH Side chain cleavage enzyme Systemic lupus erythematosus Single positive Signal transducers and activator of transcription Type 1 diabetes T cell receptor Tissue-specific antigen Thymic dendritic cell T regulatory cell 21-hydroxylase 17α-hydroxylase


This paper aims to evaluate the service quality of Islamic banking and to explore the withdrawal behavior of Islamic banking depositors based on their evaluation towards its service quality in the context of Brunei Darussalam. A total of 180 Islamic banking customers in Brunei Darussalam were involved through a direct survey. Factor analysis is used to uncover the key dimensions of Brunei Islamic banking service quality. Afterwards, the importance and performance analysis (IPA) was employed to evaluate the importance and performance level of Brunei Islamic banking service quality. The five key dimensions of Brunei Islamic banking service quality uncovered here including assurance, reliability, tangibles, empathy, and rates and charges. Interestingly, only three dimensions survive and two are rated high in importance and low in performance. These are empathy and rates and charges. Therefore, bank management is required to give more attention and priority on how to improve the situation.


Membrane and resin ion-exchange technology was used for pH reduction and production of Cynthiana (Vitis aestivalis) wine, which can have high pH and high titratable acidity. Wine attributes were monitored during storage for 6 months at 21 and 38 degrees C. Nonadjusted Cynthiana wine (pH 4.1) was compared to ion-exchange-adjusted wine (pH 3.5). Ion exchange lowered the pH and potassium content and increased the titratable acidity of wine without having detrimental effects on color and phenolics. No trends were found to indicate differences between manufacturers of membranes and resins on pH-adjusted Cynthiana wine. Wine treated with membrane ion exchange was higher in color density and phenolics than resin-treated wine. During storage at both temperatures, the quality of the wine decreased, with greater degradation at 38 degrees C. Ion exchange decreased the pH of Cynthiana wine without negatively affecting wine quality attributes. A panel familiar with characteristics of Cynthiana wine found that the color and flavor of the pH-adjusted wine was improved.


INTRODUCTION: The partograph is designed as a tool to monitor a woman's progress of labor. If it is used appropriately, the partograph can be used as a means of prevention and an early warning system to the need for further action such as caesarian section. The used of partograph is able to lower the percentage of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). This study aimed to determine the comparison between word electric browser (WEB)-based partograph and the conventional partograph.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This study aimed to compare between the use of WEB-based patorgaph and conventional patograph. To gain the data, the researcher adopted quasi experimental method. Using purposive sampling technique, 30 women in labour were participated in this study. The data were analyzed by using the Independent T- test and Mann-Whitney test.

RESULTS: The result of the study showed that the utilization of WEB-based partograph is faster in recording the contraction, oxytocin, and the process of giving birth than the utilization of conventional partograph. Furtehrmore, promptness of WEB-based partograph in early detection has p-value 0.000 (<0.05) and p-value in emergency detection is 0.014 (<0.05) which means that there was differences between the use of WEB-based partograph and conventional partograph. Meanwhile, p-value of referral process is 1.000 (>0.05) which means that there was no difference in using both WEB-based partograph and conventional partograph.

CONCLUSION: This means that using the monitoring of the WEB-based partograph or the conventional partograph showed differences. The utilization of WEB-based partograph is better than conventional partograph since it can be used as a means to monitor the progress of labour.