Goal is to develop new optical methods for the study of dynamic processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In the past year, optical second harmonic generation was used for time resolved measurements of thallium electrodeposition on Cu(111). Other studies included the study of the photochemistry involved in a GaAs surface treatment known as photowashing, and the study of picosecond time resolved luminescence decays from GaAs in electrochemical environments (power dependent effects). 4 figs. (DLC)


An agile software project typically has a number of iterations (e.g. sprints in Scrum), in each of which the development team designs, implements, tests and delivers a distinct product increment. An important activity in agile development is iteration planning where the team needs to decide what should be done (in terms of issues or user stories) for the upcoming iteration. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective search-based approach to support the team in making such a decision. Our approach employs evolutionary techniques to iteratively generate candidate selections of issues for a given iteration, and search for the optimal selection(s). The search is guided simultaneously by two objectives: maximizing the business value which the team delivers in the iteration while maximizing the alignment with regard to the iteration's original goal. Our evaluation of 233 iterations from six large open source projects demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.


We compare contrarian to conformist advice, a contrarian (conformist) expert being one whose preference bias is against (for) the decision-maker's prior optimal decision. We show that optimality of an expert depends on characteristics of prior information and learning. If either the expert is fully informed, or fine information can be acquired at low cost, then for symmetric distributions F of the state a conformist (contrarian) is superior if F is single-peaked (bimodal). If only coarse information can be acquired then a contrarian acquires more information on average, hence is superior. If information is verifiable a contrarian has less incentive to hide unfavorable evidence, and again is superior. Abstract We compare contrarian to conformist advice, a contrarian (conformist) expert being one whose preference bias is against (for) the decision-maker's prior optimal decision. We show that optimality of an expert depends on characteristics of prior information and learning. If either the expert is fully informed, or if fine information can be acquired at low cost, then for symmetric distributions F of the state a conformist (contrarian) is superior if F is single-peaked (bimodal). If only coarse information can be acquired then a contrarian acquires more information on average, hence is superior. If information is verifiable a contrarian has less incentive to hide unfavorable evidence, and again is superior.


We have shown that the critical temperature of a Bose-Einstein condensate to a normal phase transition of noninteracting bosons in cubic optical lattices has a linear dependence on the filling factor, especially at large densities. The condensed fraction exhibits a linear power law dependence on temperature in contrast to the case of ideal homogeneous Bose gases.


The synthesis of enantiomerically pure cyclopropyl boronic esters 12a−d and 13a−d has been achieved. The high-yielding process involves the condensation of readily available alkenyl boronic acids 1a−d with (2R,3R)-1,4-dimethoxy-1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-2,3-butanediol (10), Pd(II) acetate catalyzed cyclopropanation with diazomethane, and chromatographic separation of the diastereoisomers. The absolute configuration has been determined by converting 12a−d and 13a−d to the corresponding cyclopropanols (1R,2R)-4a+b/(1R,2S)-4c+d and (1S,2S)-4a+b/(1S,2R)-4c+d, respectively, compounds that allowed correlations to be made with previously published data.


Chemical bonding in a set of six cuprous complexes with simple nitriles (CN-, HNC, HCN, CH3NC, and CH3CN) is investigated by means of a recently devised analysis scheme framed in density-functional theory and quantitatively singling out concurrent charge flows such as σ donation and π backdonation. The results of our analysis are comparatively assessed against qualitative models for charge redistribution based on the popular concepts of octet rule and resonance structures, and the relative importance of different charge-flow channels relating to σ donation, π back-donation, polarization, and hyperconjugation is discussed on a quantitative basis.


Carbon nanostructures containing binary transition metal compounds have shown great potential for applications such as electrocatalysis. In this article, we report a one-pot synthesis of Co(II)–Fe(III)–polydopamine (PDA) complex nanospheres as a facile approach to binary metal-doped carbon nanostructures. The complex nanospheres were prepared simply by polymerization of dopamine (DOPA) in a basic aqueous solution containing both types of transition metal ion. Results show that cobalt(II) ions do not form complexes with DOPA, whereas can form coordination bonds with PDA oligomers after the initiation of polymerization, leading to irregular shaped complex particles. When both cobalt(II) and Fe(III) ions are present in the polymerization system, Fe(III) ions, which are able to form complexes with DOPA before the initiation of polymerization, play a dominant role in determining the morphology of the complex nanostructure, leading to hybrid complex nanospheres. Furthermore, the Co(II)–Fe(III)–PDA complex nanospheres can be easily converted to mesoporous N-doped carbon nanospheres with embedded CoFe2O4/CoFe nanoparticles. Electrochemical studies suggest that these nanospheres exhibit enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic performance over commercial Pt/C towards ORR and OER. They also show good stability with steady cycling performance for over 300 cycles when used as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst in a rechargeable zinc–air battery cell.


This work deals with both instantaneous uniform mixing property and temporal standard deviation for continuous-time quantum random walks on circles in order to study their fluctuations comparing with discrete-time quantum random walks, and continuous- and discrete-time classical random walks.


The conversion efficiency was calculated for some type of high-T/sub c/ superconducting junctions, which have negative derivative on current-voltage characteristics. This distinguishing feature can be explained by Andreev reflections in superconductor/normal metal boundaries. In this work it is analyzed a combination of the theoretical predictions of noise, based on noise correlation matrix of the mixer model, and theory of Likharev-Semenov for the thermal noise. The conversion gain is possible in SNS mixers in spite of noise in negative derivative region.


In a traditional, agricultural society in East Bhutan studies of infant and child mortality were carried out in 1984 and 1991. Mothers were interviewed regarding births during the preceding 5 years and deaths among these children. A significant fall in infant mortality rate (IMR) from 145 to 49 (P < 0.001) was found. In 1991, measles was almost eliminated as a cause of death. Families with 1, 2 and 3 children, respectively, during the period studied, were found to have significantly different IMRs, with higher mortality for higher number of births (P < 0.001 for 1984 and P = 0.002 for 1991). To quantify the effect on mortality from birth intervals both the possibility of reverse causation and confounding factors, such as socio-economic conditions must be considered, but the study suggests that the association is partly causal. The living conditions of the population do not seem to have improved so greatly as to have caused the reduction in IMR. Monthly Mother and Child Health outreach clinics and a network of Village Health Workers have provided the framework necessary for implementation of different health programmes. As a result Primary Health Care has improved during the period between 1984 and 1991, and may have contributed considerably to the reduced mortality.


Modeling of angle tracking systems in the presence of actuator non-linearity such as angle, position and rate limits is a very significant and difficult task in the design and implementation of aircraft, target-tracking, and missile guided systems. A new recurrent neural network with time-delayed inputs and output feedback is used for the modeling of angle tracking systems, with emphasis on the neural network architecture, principles and algorithms. The neural network controller with modeling units for angle tracking is designed by using TMS320C25 processors. For time and size requirements, limited precision technology and look-up table technology are used in the design of the hardware and software systems. Given a set of input commands, the network is trained to control the system within the constraints imposed by actuators. The results show that the proposed networks are able to model the angle tracking system through learning without separate consideration of the non-linearity of actuators.


It is a known fact that very high potentials can be generated during the flow of dielectric liquids, especially for hydrocarbons and liquefied gas. For such liquids the flow is highly turbulent. In the first part of this study, the mechanism of charge formation is analysed by taking the effect of the eddy diffusivity into account. These are two-phase flows and the influence of the ratio liquid/gas on the charge generated is explored. The second part of the study is experimental. The electrical potentials generated during the various phases of the unloading of a tanker are measured. A potential of /spl sim/3 kV is observed inside the pipe at the beginning of the unloading process. >


This paper investigates the determinants of financial flexibility of Japanese firms before and after the global financial crisis. In the pre-crisis period, growth opportunity has a positive effect on financial flexibility, but in the post-crisis period, this effect turns to negative and is especially strong for financially constrained firms. These results indicate that in normal time, the Japanese firms pursue financial flexibility for investment demand as argued in previous literature. During difficult time, investment environment deteriorates and investment declines, therefore the firms with less growth opportunity accelerate to accumulate financial flexibility, especially for financially constrained firms as they suffer more than others in such a period. Enhancing the investment environment can improve the efficiency of corporate capital and financial support from banking system may ease the stress of financially constrained firms in post-crisis period.


Groundwater flow and transport are crucial for performance and safety assessment in the radioactive waste geological disposal. This study presents the groundwater flow and advective transport simulations for assessing the performance of a reference repository placed in fractured rocks. The study involves the concept of radionuclides migrating into the mobile water in fractures surrounding the deposition hole and calculates two specific quantitative indicators in the field of radioactive waste geological disposal. The indicators equivalent flow rate (Qeq) and flow-related transport resistance (F) are used to express the groundwater flow and transport resistance in the host rock. Based on the hydrogeological conceptual model, the study employs DarcyTools to model the groundwater flow and advective transport of a base case. This study then conducts sensitivity analyses by varying the hydraulic conductivity of the key hydrogeological unit and the excavation damage zone. The uncertainty analysis employs multiple discrete fracture network (DFN) realizations to quantify the influences of DFNs on the flow and advective transport. Results show that the hydraulic conductivity of host rock dominates the flow and advective transport in the model domain, and the highest Qeq is 1.91 × 10−4 m3/year, and the lowest F is 7.77 × 105 year/m. Results also indicate that simulations of the hydraulic conductivity variations of hydrogeological units are more critical than those obtained from the variations of DFN realizations (i.e., the uncertainty analysis). The solutions could be useful for site investigations to modify the hydrogeological conceptual model in the study.


Purpose To examine pediatric faculty members' attitudes about part-time faculty positions and policies to support part-time faculty. Method In 2001, an anonymous 26-item questionnaire assessing attitudes about part-time faculty was mailed to all 441 faculty members of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Multivariable analyses were used to determine faculty characteristics associated with specific attitudes, and qualitative methods were used to analyze responses to an open-ended item assessing beliefs about facilitating part-time careers. Results Three hundred (68%) faculty members completed questionnaires. Twenty-nine (10%) worked part-time and an additional 88 (33%) had considered part-time work, primarily because of dependent children. Although 177 (59%) believed that part-time faculty were perceived as being less committed to their careers and the institution, 207 (69%) believed part-time faculty should be eligible for all academic tracks and 219 (73%) that they should be allowed extension of time to obtain tenure. Most reported that policy changes to support part-time faculty would enhance diversity (N = 234, 78%) and improve recruitment, retention, and promotion of female faculty. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that women and respondents with dependent children were more likely to be concerned about perceived commitment and more likely to endorse policies to support part-time faculty. Participants suggested that part-time careers for faculty would be facilitated by clarifying productivity expectations, expanding resources, and modifying existing policies. Conclusions Although women and respondents with dependent children were concerned about perceived commitment of part-time faculty and were most supportive of policies that would support part-time faculty, pediatric faculty generally supported such policies.


Sensor networks are expected to play an essential role in the upcoming age of pervasive computing. Due to their constraints in computation, memory, and power resources, their susceptibility to physical capture, and use of wireless communications, security is a challenge in these networks. The scale of deployments of wireless sensor networks require careful decisions and trade-offs among various security measures Since there is an increase in possible software attacks on privacy and safety of health applications, safety and reliability of the sensor data is an important issue that needs to be addressed in this field. A unique design of a secure sensor node prototype has been proposed and implemented. In this prototype we using the PCF8591 module this is used for converting Analog to digital data for Raspberry Pi. By using th is we communicate both modules as a Master and Slaves for I2C protocol. With help of I2C we can collect the data from sensors like LDR, Temperature sensors and then this data will be saved in a readable and writeable format in directory like VAR (Variable data stored by daemons and utilities) and then this data will encrypted with RC4 algorithm and similarly the encrypted data will be decrypted by RC4 algorithm by key sent by user by using HTML page from an Embedded server that was installed in raspberry Pi both in desktop and mobile platforms the secure sensor data will be display on monitor with QT farmed environment.


De Novo ligand design is an automatic fragment-based design of molecules within a protein binding site of a known structure. A Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA), a meta-heuristic algorithm, is introduced to join predocked fragments with a user-supplied list of fragments. A novel feature proposed is the simultaneous optimization of force field energy and a term enforcing 3D-overlap to known binding mode(s). The performance of algorithm is tested on Liver X receptors (LXRs) using a library of about 14,000 fragments and the binding mode of a known heterocyclic phenyl acetic acid to bias the design. We further introduce the use of GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) to overcome the excessive time required in evaluating each possible fragment combination. We show how the GPU utilization enables experimenting larger fragment sets and target receptors for more complex instances. The Results show how the nVidia's Tesla C2050 GPU was utilized to enable the generation of complex agonists effectively. In fact, eight of the 1809 molecules designed for LXRs are found in the ZINC database of commercially available compounds.


Abstract : An unusual processing scheme has been developed for preparing single-phase cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4 or CTO) films. Cd2SnO4 transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films have several significant advantages over conventional TCOs when applied to CdS/CdTe thin-film devices. They are more conductive, more transparent, have lower surface roughness, are patternable, and are exceptionally stable. Cd2SnO4-based CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with efficiencies of 14% have been fabricated. Preliminary cell results have demonstrated that device performance can be enhanced by replacing the SnO2 layer with a Cd2SnO4 TCO film.


In ensemble methods, the outputs of a collection of diverse classifiers are combined in the expectation that the global prediction be more accurate than the individual ones. Heterogeneous ensembles consist of predictors of different types, which are likely to have different biases. If these biases are complementary, the combination of their decisions is beneficial. In this work, a family of heterogeneous ensembles is built by pooling classifiers from M homogeneous ensembles of different types of size T. Depending on the fraction of base classifiers of each type, a particular heterogeneous combination in this family is represented by a point in a regular simplex in M dimensions. The M vertices of this simplex represent the different homogeneous ensembles. A displacement away from one of these vertices effects a smooth transformation of the corresponding homogeneous ensemble into a heterogeneous one. The optimal composition of such heterogeneous ensemble can be determined using cross-validation or, if bootstrap samples are used to build the individual classifiers, out-of-bag data. An empirical analysis of such combinations of bootstraped ensembles composed of neural networks, SVMs, and random trees (i.e. from a standard random forest) illustrates the gains that can be achieved by this heterogeneous ensemble creation method.


Shunt-connected Active Power Filters (APF) consist of a PWM inverter that produces harmonic currents in phase opposition to those produced by a nonlinear load. A switching-ripple filter (SRF) is used to filter out the unavoidable high-frequency current components generated by the APF inverter. This paper analyzes various SRF design issues, the effect of SRF on the APF performance, size and cost. The size and cost of the SRF is mainly determined by the APF bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results are included to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed ideas.


The optical systems for the transmitter and receiver of a high-power lidar for stratospheric measurements have been designed and analyzed. The system requirements and design results are presented and explained. An important and driving factor of this design was the requirement for a small image diameter in the plane of an optical chopper to allow the high-intensity lidar returns from the lower atmosphere to be shielded from the detection system. Some results relevant to the optical performance of the system are presented. The resulting system has been constructed and is now in operation at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and is making regular measurements of stratospheric ozone, temperature, and aerosol profiles.


Purpose of review A wide spectrum of heterogeneous conditions can render a patient immunocompromised. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients given the earlier detection of conditions that require immunosuppressive therapies, changes in immunosuppressive regimens leading to increased survival or novel therapeutic advancements in oncologic care. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the leading cause of critical illness and mortality in this population. This review highlights the spectrum of causes of ARF in immunocompromised patients with a particular focus on acute toxicities of novel oncologic treatments. Recent findings Recent years have seen improved survival amongst critically ill immunocompromised patients with ARF. This is likely attributable to patient selection of immunosuppressive therapy, improved noninvasive microbiologic diagnostic techniques, improved antimicrobial prophylaxis, treatment, stewardship, and advancements in supportive care including intensive care. Infectious complications remain the leading cause of ARF in this population. However, one of the greatest challenges physicians continue to face is accurate identification of the cause of ARF, given the vast (and increasing) noninfectious causes of ARF across these patients. Emerging therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cell) have contributed to this problem. Finally, undetermined ARF is reported in approximately 13% of immunocompromised and is associated with a worse prognosis. Summary Infectious complications are still the leading cause of ARF in immunocompromised patients. However, noninfectious complications, derived from the underlying disease or treatment, should be always considered, including novel therapies, such as ICIs and CAR T cells. Further research should focus in improving the diagnostic rate in this subgroup.


Abstract:Since the launch of Indonesia's decentralization reforms in 2001, the country has achieved significant progress in improving the welfare of its citizens—as seen from increasing income per capita and decreasing poverty levels. However, vertical inequality has increased, raising concerns whether inequality between different parts of the country has also grown. Using spatial econometric models with data covering the 2002–19 period, this paper examines whether there has been a convergence or divergence in income per capita, inequality and poverty across local government areas in Indonesia. The findings indicate that there has been a conditional convergence of these development outcomes across local government areas. This means that the levels of income per capita, inequality and poverty across the country's municipalities and regencies will converge, but the gaps will not be completely eliminated due to differences in their endowment factors. This conditional convergence occurs across municipalities and across regencies as well as across local government areas in Java and outside Java, but at different rates of convergence. This finding implies that Indonesia needs to maintain its decentralization policy and resist efforts to recentralize revenue sources and responsibilities. In addition, this should be complemented by efforts to assist areas with low income per capita, high inequality and high poverty rates to improve their endowment factors and institutions.


The aim of the present study is to research into the levels of job satisfaction and professional burnout of hospital employees of Mitera Hospital as well as their working conditions in today's professional reality.
The research was conducted in 2016 in order to identify the factors that influence job satisfaction and professional burnout of hospital staff by using original data collected by questionnaires. The sample consisted of hospital staff of Mitera Hospital. The data was collected by using the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Professional Burnout Scale and the analyses were made with the statistical packet SPSS 17.0.
In conclusion, the statistical processing and analysis of the data have shown that none of the demographic characteristics (sex, age, personal level of education, work experience) of the hospital staff relates to professional burnout and job satisfaction given the fact that the statistical error is too big. However, the bibliographical references have shown a correlation between the demographic characteristics and job satisfaction as well as professional burnout.


The article is dedicated to the linguistic features of the Didactic Gospel by Constantine the Presbyteros, who is also known as Constantine of Preslav or Constantine of Bregalnica. The earliest witness of the original text, which Constantine wrote down at the end of the 9th century in the First Bulgarian Kingdom, is the Old East Slavonic manuscript dating to the end of the 11th–beginning of the 12th centuries (this manuscript is sometimes dated to a later period). The manuscript is remarkable for its graphic and orthographic features characteristic only for the earliest Church Slavonic sources of East Slavonic provenance; these sources are dated to the 11th century or to the beginning of the 12th century. At the same time, the manuscript attests phonetic innovations caused by the initial stage of the loss of the jer -vowels, such as "new jat' " and the change of e into o . On the basis of the earliest manifestations of the change of e into o in the written sources, the author argues that this phonetic change took place in the southern part of the East Slavonic area and first of all in the prefinal syllable before the final jer in the absolute weak position. Phonetic and orthographic peculiarities of the East Slavonic witness of the Didactic Gospel testify to the southwest Balkan provenance of its South Slavonic protograph, which must have been a Cyrillic one. (On the basis of lexical data, the southwest Balkan origin of Constantine's archetype was argued by the author elsewhere.) From the point of view of verbal morphology, the earliest witness of the Didactic Gospel seems to be one of the most archaic East Slavonic manuscripts, which is particularly testified by a number of forms of the root aorist. Special attention is devoted to the construction called "relativer Attributivkonnex" (Ch. Koch). It was discovered by scholars in a number of South Slavonic sources or in East Slavonic manuscripts which go back to the South Slavonic tradition, and is to be observed in the Didactic Gospel, too.


While there is substantial evidence that adults who violate gender stereotypes often face backlash (i.e. social and economic penalties), less is known about the nature of gender stereotypes for young children, and the penalties that children may face for violating them. We conducted three experiments, with over 2000 adults from the US, to better understand the content and consequences of adults' gender stereotypes for young children. In Experiment 1, we tested which characteristics adults (N = 635) believed to be descriptive (i.e. typical), prescriptive (i.e. required), and proscriptive (i.e. forbidden) for preschool-aged boys and girls. Using the characteristics that were rated in Experiment 1, we then constructed vignettes that were either 'masculine' or 'feminine', and manipulated whether the vignettes were said to describe a boy or a girl. Experiment 2 (N = 697) revealed that adults rated stereotype-violating children as less likeable than their stereotype-conforming peers, and that this difference was more robust for boys than girls. Experiment 3 (N = 731) was a direct replication of Experiment 2, and revealed converging evidence of backlash against stereotype-violating children. In sum, our results suggest that even young children encounter backlash from adults for stereotype violations, and that these effects may be strongest for boys.


Twitter has become a unique site for making sense of public discussions about authority and morality in the United States. This article addresses these discussions by analyzing the elements of conservative discourse that claim the health of the nation is in decline because of a diminished emphasis on masculine leadership. There is a long tradition of conservative politicians in the United States warning against "soft" or "weak" figures of authority. Such conversations take place within a range of contexts, including the sport of football. As a means to engage hegemonic masculine authority from a critical perspective, this article investigates Twitter users' various reactions to Adrian Peterson's suspension due to his disciplining his child with a "switch."


Abstract:This article revisits Bloomfield's 1962 description of reduplication in Menominee, drawing examples from his work and from original fieldwork. Reduplication of verb stems is shown to mark repetition or continuation of action, habitual action, intensification, and plurality. The forms of reduplication–regular and irregular–are discussed, as is Bloomfield's claim that irregular forms have a connotation of violence. I argue that Menominee reduplication is stem reduplication, not root reduplication, and propose an analysis of regular reduplication, drawing on synchronic and diachronic facts about the language.


Fifty-nine chemicals that had completed National Cancer Institute rat and mouse 2-year carcinogenicity tests were tested in the strain A mouse pulmonary tumor assay. Without knowledge of chemical identity, 53 chemicals were tested in strain A mice in one laboratory and 30 were tested in a second independent laboratory. Strain A tests on 24 of these chemicals were conducted in both laboratories. The strain A results were generally not predictive of the 2-year rat and mouse carcinogenicity test results. Furthermore, there was poor agreement of strain A results between the two laboratories. Although a variety of explanations may be invoked to explain the lack of concordance between the strain A tests and the 2-year rat and mouse tests, no one factor is sufficient to rationalize the poor concordance between strain A and 2-year carcinogenicity bioassay results.


A singular boundary value problem (BVP) for a second-order nonlinear differential equation is studied. This BVP is a model in hydrodynamics as well as in nonlinear field theory and especially in the study of the symmetric bubble-type solutions (shell-like theory). The obtained solutions (ground states) can describe the relationship between surface tension, the surface mass density, and the radius of the spherical interfaces between the fluid phases of the same substance. An interval of the parameter, in which there is a strictly increasing and positive solution defined on the half-line, with certain asymptotic behavior is derived. Some numerical results are given to illustrate and verify our results. Furthermore, a full investigation for all other types of solutions is exhibited. The approach is based on the continuum property (connectedness and compactness) of the solutions funnel (Knesser's theorem), combined with the corresponding vector field's ones.


We demonstrated a cross-point memory array composed of 40nm Ag ionic memory cell with $\text{sub}-\mu \text{A}$ and selectorless operation and 10-year data retention, making it a promising candidate for terabit-scale high-density memory application. Discontinuous conductive path with large and dense Ag clusters enabled 10-year retention even at sub-μA current with keeping high non-linearity in I-V. We implemented, for the first time, the improved cell into a 40nm cross-point array and demonstrated narrow read distribution which satisfies requirements for reliable array operation.


In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between-subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Documentary Sources of Maltese History, Part IV: Documents at the Vatican, No. 2: Archivio Segreto Vaticano: Cancelleria Apostolica and Camera Apostolica and Related Sources at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana 416–1479. Edited by George Aquilina, O.F.M., and Stanley Fiorini. (Malta University Press. 2005. Pp. lxxviii, 327; plates 12. Paperback.) The "Documentary Sources" series continues to make an invaluable contribution to Maltese history and, in this case, to the study of the Roman Church in general. This Vatican volume provides full texts, many published for the first time,with detailed annotations, indices,and bibliographies.The photographs of papal texts from the Archives of the Order of St. John (plates 2–9, 11) are not really connected with Malta.The long and apparently unpublished text of 1299 (pp. 53–83) concerns the Kingdom of Sicily as a whole rather than Malta, though it is relevant in so far as the island was part of that kingdom.Documents 1–18 are not unpublished and are excerpts from cartularies and chronicles in the Vatican Library and at Palermo,but they constitute a collection of scattered sources which will be most useful to Maltese medievalists. The use of the supplications registers is important.The relationship between the so-called Vatican and Avignonese Registers might have been explained, possibly with reference to Leonard Boyle, A Survey of the Vatican Archives and of its Medieval Holdings (Toronto,1972),which is not mentioned.These Vatican documents should provoke a whole series of comments and considerations. For example, the letter of 1304 (no. 44) electing a Bishop of Malta was also sent eodem modo in recommendation to the Archdeacon and Chapter of the Maltese cathedral, to the Maltese clergy, to the Maltese people,and to the bishop's vassals in Malta, in the last two cases with a reference to the universitatem vestram. Was this merely a common form; did all these bodies really exist; were these letters actually written and sent, and if so who received them in Malta; where are such letters now?


The presence of human factors in aviation remains a critical area of research given the safety implications of human error.  Understanding what specific factors contribute to human error allows managers and operators to take steps to mitigate these hazards.  Several methods have been tested in the cockpit and cabin crew environments, but less attention has been given to the aviation maintenance sector, despite the prevalence of accidents resulting from human error.  With the introduction of AC-172A, the FAA validated the need for additional research and training on the role of human factors in aviation maintenance errors.  However, a key component in this process is often overlooked--the role of decision-making. In aviation maintenance, the environment can change rapidly.  Technicians must react and adjust their behavior, and their decision-making abilities, accordingly.  Human factors such as fatigue, pressure, and distractions can interrupt cognitive processes and judgment, and in turn, decision-making.  As technicians adapt to these environmental challenges, strategies must be in place to facilitate optimal decision-making.  Recommendations for addressing the presence of human factors in aviation maintenance and the resulting impact on the decision-making process include taking both a proactive and reactive approach to human error identification.  Proactively screening for individuals who are too risk-averse or too comfortable with taking risks can help hiring managers employ the right personnel equipped to make appropriate decisions in high consequence industries, such as aviation.  Additionally, by encouraging and reviewing hazard reports, steps can be taken to mitigate human error factors in the future.  Anonymous hazard reporting tools such as the REPAIRER allow maintenance managers to leverage existing (and FAA-required) safety management systems (SMS) by including a human factors analysis.


The paper analyzes the results of studying nervous diseases in children with HIV infection. A total of 57 children aged 1.5 to 16 years who had different stages of AIDS were examined. HIV-related encephalopathy, encephalopathy with the polyneuropathy syndrome, encephalomyelopolyneuritis, mixed AIDS-related encephalopathy and perinatal encephalopathy, as well as the myopathic syndrome were identified. The affliction of the nervous system was more severe with an earlier history of infection. The clinical syndromes were supported by electromyographic indices.


Abstract For the first time detailed ozone measurements were obtained in a hurricane. An instrumented U-2 airplane was flown into hurricane Ginny on 22 October 1963 off the South Carolina coast. The hurricane core was over-flown at several altitudes and observations of ozone and the standard meteorological variables were obtained from 50 mb (67,000 ft) to 300 mb(30,000 ft). Supplemental temperature data were available below 700 mb from two dropsondes. From the above observations and by including some information about the mean thermal structure in a hurricane similar to Ginny, an "eye" sounding was constructed from sea level up to 50-mb level. Some nearby environmental data above 200 mb were available, and more distant observations were obtained from the coastal radiosondes and an ozonesonde released at Tallahassee. Analysis of the data suggested that the warm core extended only up to 200 mb, cloud top height. Between 190 and 119 mb(tropopause height), horizontal gradients of ozone and temperature were po...


The GLUT4 glucose transporter and type II hexokinase are predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The effects of insulin and glucose on the expression of GLUT4 and HKII were studied in vivo by using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp methods. The clamps were maintained in conscious rats for 6 or 24 h after a 1-day starvation period. Adipose tissue GLUT4 mRNA was increased 4-fold after 6 h and 23-fold after 24 h of hyperinsulinemia; HKII mRNA was increased by four- and eightfold after 6 and 24 h, respectively. In contrast, GLUT4 mRNA was not significantly changed in skeletal muscle by either the euglycemic- or hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Each of these treatments resulted in a fourfold induction of HKII mRNA. No changes of GLUT4 protein and hexokinase activity were detected after 6 h of hyperinsulinemia in either skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. After 24 h of hyperinsulinemia, adipose tissue GLUT4 protein had doubled, whereas skeletal muscle GLUT4 was unchanged. In contrast, hexokinase activity increased by two- to eightfold in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Hyperinsulinemia alone was sufficient to mediate the effects observed, because no additional effects were seen when hyperglycemia accompanied hyperinsulinemia. These results reveal the lack of coordinate regulation of GLUT4 and HKII in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Whereas hyperinsulinemia increases both GLUT4 and HKII mRNA and protein levels in adipose tissue, this treatment increases HKII mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle, but has no effect on GLUT4 in this tissue.


In a speech recognition system based on dynamic time warping (DTW) the DTW operation is used to time-align two words while calculating the distance between them. The DTW operation is repeated many times as the number of the reference templates in the system. As a result the processing becomes time-consuming. We propose the generation of a single pattern to be used as a time aligning pattern (TAP) for all the words in the system (references and unknowns). The unknown word is first time-aligned with the TAP only. Then the distance between the time-aligned version of the unknown word and any of the reference templates (which have already been time-aligned with the TAP in the training mode) is directly calculated without any further need for DTW operations. Thus a great reduction in the processing time results. Two methods for generating TAPs are proposed. The approach is extended to using more than one TAP. In both cases, the processing time saving, when compared with conventional DTW systems, is in the range of 95% for comparable recognition accuracy.


The reinscription in Said's Orientalism of the divisions and silences of western Orientalist discourse is perhaps nowhere more problematic than in the area of gender, a subject on which Said's work has surprisingly little to say. Further, when Said discusses the work of "homosexual" authors, he keeps the open secret of hotnoeroticism safely in the closet. This essay proposes a queering of the construct of Orientalism, as it is set forth in Said's work and as it may be seen to function in instances of Orientalist performance where the figure of cross-dressing allows for complex negotiations between the West and an eroticized Eastern Other.


We examine the nature of photon-atom entanglement generated in spontaneous emission processes. The entanglement appears in the continuous momenta associated with the emitted photon and the recoiled atom. We apply the Schmidt mode analysis to quantify the entanglement. The key parameters that control the entanglement are identified.


Objective: Tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has been reported to estimate body fat more accurately than body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of TMI and BMI in predicting insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, impaired liver enzymes or thyroid hormone function and vitamin D concentration. Methods: One hundred and forty-three overweight or obese children, based on BMI-standard deviation (SD) scoring (BMI-SDS) were studied retrospectively. TMI thresholds for overweight status were 16.0 kg/m3 for boys and 16.8 kg/m3 for girls and 18.8 kg/m3 for boys and 19.7 kg/m3 for girls for obese status. Results: Twenty-two overweight and eight obese children by BMI-SDS were classified as normal by TMI. Of the overweight children 22 (22.7%) had IR and IR was detected in 2 of 8 obese children with normal TMI. There was no increase in liver enzymes in any of the children with normal TMI. Forty-four obese children were overweight according to TMI and IR was detected in 40.9%. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in BMI-based obese children. Vitamin D levels were similar in all groups of both classifications. Conclusion: When TMI was used there may be a risk of overlooking IR. However, if it is assumed that liver enzymes are elevated as a result of visceral adiposity, TMI can be used as an auxiliary parameter to show visceral effects of adiposity. Normal TMI may indicate that visceral organ functions have not deteriorated yet. More studies are needed to evaluate TMI as a clinical tool.


The paper analyzes the environmental impacts by the different types of mining methods which are used to extract the mineral resources in Myanmar. Behind the success of national economy by exploring its mineral resources, the local people suffer the negative impact of mine projects. The environmental legal system and associated regulations are the basic means to the prevention and after-closure of mine projects. The lack of the environmental impact assessment (EIA), international environmental conservation standards and vocational training for environmental management plan represents a very serious gap in protection for communities nearby the mine sites. This study explains how to implement the international standards and CSR commitments for the environmental issues by mining activities. As a result, the contractual relationship between the State and mine enterprises is a completely key area of focus for environmental responsibilities before the deal and throughout the mine business.


Aircraft that employ composites are prone to impact damage that can degrade structural performance and yet leave little visible sign. Manual inspection to detect such damage can be costly and time consuming. In this paper we investigate the use of damage detection sensors to discriminate between damaging and non-damaging impacts. In use it is likely that the impact magnitude and location will be unknown. To simulate this, a range of impact energies were performed at a varying distances from a piezoelectric acoustic sensor on composite panels. The sensor output was analysed to find distance invariant features that could be used to indicate whether an impact caused damage. In damaging impacts, a secondary signal burst, with amplitude significant when compared to the initial burst, was observed. An algorithm was produced to differentiate signals based on this feature which has the potential to contribute to a structural monitoring system and thus reduce the inspection burden ultimately leading to lower aircraft maintenance costs.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5% peracetic acid solution and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution on smear layer removal of root canal walls after rotary instrumentation. Material and methods: Sixty single-rooted human teeth with standardized length had their canals instrumented by three rotary systems (Biorace, MTwo and Endowave), varying the irrigation solution, as follows (n=10): G1- Biorace System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G2- Biorace System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G3- MTwo System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G4- MTwo System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G5- Endowave System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G6- Endowave System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After instrumentation, the roots were cleaved and the dentin walls were evaluated by SEM at x500 and x2000 magnification for assessing the cleaning of the root canals at the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The analyzed area was quantified according to the total number of tubules present and the percentage of open tubules at each region. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests, at the significance level of 5%. Results: There were no statistical significant differences among the experimental groups. In all groups the smear layer removal at cervical and medium thirds was higher than that of apical third. Conclusion: It was concluded that the cleaning obtained at the apical third was lower in all groups studied and neither the instrumentation technique nor the irrigating solution was able to promote total smear layer removal from root canal walls. KEYWORDS: Peracetic acid; Root canal irrigants; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium hypochlorite.


This is a review of scholarly interpretations of the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution and its aftermath, that is, the regime it brought to power. It covers studies written during the life of that regime by Ethiopian and foreign scholars, and focuses on their interpretation rather than description, and specifically on their views on certain key issues. These include the nature of the imperial regime and the causes of its collapse; the protagonists in the political uprising that ended in the regime's collapse; the agents of the social revolution that followed; the nature of the Derg regime; and the scholars' own view of its prospects.


The preparation and dissemination of policy statements are necessary but insufficient to prevent the inappropriate use of infant-feeding products in emergencies. The widespread failure of humanitarian agencies operating in the Balkan crisis to act in accordance with international policies and recommendations provides a recent example of the failure to translate infant-feeding policies into practice. This article explores the underlying reasons behind the failures which include: (1) the weak institutionalisation of policies; (2) the massive quantities of unsolicited donations of infant-feeding products: (3) the absence of monitoring systems; (4) inadequate co-ordination mechanisms; (5) the high costs of correcting mistakes; and (6) the cumulative effects of poor practice. Efforts to uphold best practice during the crisis are also documented. Finally, the article identifies actions that could be undertaken in advance of and during future emergencies to enhance the application of infant feeding policies in emergencies.


BACKGROUND
Preserving anonymity is believed to yield more honest appraisals of patient satisfaction, although the data addressing this issue are sparse. The goal of this study from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project was to determine the impact of anonymity on patient satisfaction ratings after the initial evaluation.

METHODS
The Clinically Useful Patient Satisfaction Scale (CUPSS) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire assessing patients' satisfaction with the initial evaluation. Every 2 to 3 months, we switched from anonymous to non-anonymous completion of the CUPSS. More than 1,300 patients completed the scale (729 anonymous, 603 non-anonymous).

RESULTS
Anonymity was not associated with scores on the scale. In both the anonymous and non-anonymous conditions, the CUPSS had high internal consistency, all item-scale correlations were significant, and all items were significantly correlated with global satisfaction ratings. There was sufficient variability in satisfaction ratings to detect differences among clinicians.

CONCLUSIONS
Anonymity was not associated with patient satisfaction ratings, did not affect the psychometric properties of the scale, and did not compromise the scale's ability to discriminate among clinicians. That is, anonymity did not affect the reliability or validity of satisfaction ratings.


BACKGROUND
Despite the severity of their disorder, only a few patients suffering from cluster A personality problems are admitted to mental health care facilities for appropriate treatment. A review of the international literature on the treatment of cluster A patients does not reveal any description of non-pharmaceutical treatment for this group of patients, nor does it mention any research into the effectiveness of treatment for the group.

AIM
To describe the development of a step-down inpatient treatment model for patients suffering from severe cluster A problems.

METHOD
We reviewed the sparse research and the limited reports of clinical experience.

RESULTS
The arguments supporting a step-down inpatient version of mentalisation-based treatment and its application in clinical practice are discussed.

CONCLUSION
A step-down inpatient treatment model has been developed and will be tested in research.


The people in Bali adhere to the patrilineal kinship system by drawing the lineage of men, hence the son or adopted son, maupu daughter or daughter who changed his status as sentana rajeg as purusa entitled to the inheritance of the heir. It is only in society that the issue of heirs arises regarding the return of a married daughter and re-entry into her original family, whereas in her original family there is a legitimate heir from the heir. The research method in this journal, using normative research specifications, is to provide the most thorough source of human beings, circumstances or other symptoms. The approach used is normative, which is a method that focuses on research into secondary data in the form of primier legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The collection of sources of legal materials used in this journal is the study of literature documents and legal journals. Based on the research conducted, that the son of an adopted child of a pradana who enters and lives in his family without going through balinese traditional ceremonies is associated with the customary inheritance law of a position not as an heir from the heir so that it has no right to inherit the inheritance of the heir. Therefore, a prefunder and his offspring will have the same obligation as the heir, while his right is only granted on the basis of volunteering by the rightful heir of the heir.


A fast RLGC circuit model with analytical expression is proposed for the dual tapered through-silicon via (TSV) structure in three-dimensional integrated circuits under different slope angles at the wide frequency region. By describing the electrical characteristics of the dual tapered TSV structure, the RLGC parameters are extracted based on the numerical integration method. The RLGC model includes metal resistance, metal inductance, substrate resistance, outer inductance with skin effect and eddy effect taken into account. The proposed analytical model is verified to be nearly as accurate as the Q3D extractor but more efficient.


Cognitive radio is key enabling technology that enables next generation communication networks, also known as dynamic spectrum access network, to utilize the spectrum more efficiently in an opportunistic fashion without interfering with the licensed user. Its roots came from the discovery by regulatory bodies in various countries, which found that most of the radio frequency spectrum was inefficiently utilized. This was the reason for allowing unlicensed users to utilize licensed band; whenever it would not cause any interference [1]. Over the past decades various spectrum sensing techniques have been proposed in cognitive radio networks. In this paper, a brief survey of all the major contributions in the field of cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio network have been discussed. This paper will also provide an overview of the elements used in cooperative sensing.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hormonal disorders along with oxidative stress and inflammation in ovarian tissue lead to anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Considering antioxidant effect of Artemisia absinthium, purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium on serum levels of sex hormones, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices of ovarian tissue in polycystic ovary syndrome rat model. METHODS: In this study, 32 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: groups of control, PCOS control and two groups with PCOS which are under treatment through aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium (100 and 200 mg/kg). Polycystic ovarian syndrome was induced by single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (4mg/kg). Aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium was intraperitoneal injection to PCOS treated groups, for 24 days. At the end of treatment period, serum levels of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Testosterone, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and levels of SOD, CAT, GPX enzymes and level of MDA in ovarian tissue were measured through ELISA method. FINDINGS: Compared to PCOS control group (LH: 14.30±2.52, FSH: 2.35±0.28, Estradiol: 17.61±2.44, Testosterone: 10.29±1.56, TNF-α: 178.65±4.35, IL-1β: 121.52±5.17, IL-6: 162.28±5.83, SOD: 20.51±1.84, CAT: 64.42±3.70, GPX: 35.15±2.88, MDA: 87.32±3.40), MDA tissue level (55.46±4.73), serum levels of LH (8.26±1.36), Estradiol (7.76±1.55), Testosterone (6.40±1.04) and TNF-α (115.35±5.83), IL-1β (70.25±5.74) and IL-6 (89.15±4.52) cytokines in group under treatment with 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium significantly decreased (p=0.008) and serum level of FSH (7.52±1.21) and levels of SOD (71.58±5.19), CAT (128.30±5.11) and GPX (88.21±5.51) antioxidant enzymes of ovarian tissue significantly increased (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium by decreasing the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the activity of the ovary tissue antioxidant enzymes has a favorable effect on the improvement of hormonal parameters in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.


Effect of MN-1695, a new cytoprotective antiulcer agent, on 0.2 N HCl-induced gastric surface epithelial cell damage was investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy in rats. Tissue examination after five minutes exposure to 0.2 N HCl showed extensive damage of the surface epithelial cells: dilatation of intercellular spaces including marked edema of lamina propria. It was found that MN-1695 (3 mg/kg) pretreatment prevented such 0.2 N HCl-induced damage of the surface epithelial cells, and it reduced the percentage of damaged mucosa, but not significantly.


The principal function of teaching is on learner outcome and achievement across grade levels. There is spirited discussion of determinants of performance among students (Tsui & Cheng, 1999; Harris and Mercier, 2000; Kozioff et al., (2001) Learner characteristics and learning styles (Kolb, 1984; Honey and Munford, 2006) are also critical to performance. Others are parental factors, school characteristics and resource availability. Hoxby (2000) equally concludes that class size is a parameter for learner performance due to close attention offered to learners. The role of the teacher needs to be re-evaluated on determining leaner achievement. Teacher- based factors, therefore, play an extensive connection on the level of performance. This paper addresses the interplay among the double variables teacher commitment and teacher interpersonal skills as vector factors on learner achievement. The findings of the study will significantly insights to both teachers and school leadership to reevaluate the role of the teacher in essence of learner performance.


Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. It has now been identified as one of the emerging infectious diseases. The genomic sequences of Leptospira species have helped to identify the genetic diversity of hemolysins among different pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira species. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that hemolysin SphH, a pore-forming protein on various mammalian cells in pathogenic Leptospira, does not show significant similarity to hemolysins in saprophytic Leptospira biflexa. The Leptospira interrogans hemolysin gene also does not show significant similarity to L. biflexa and Leptospira borgpetersenii. The genetic diversity among hemolysin genes in Leptospira suggests that the gain of more hemolysin genes during the course of their evolution may have contributed to their virulence.


Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis was done to review earlier publications on the association between dietary acrylamide intake and risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. We performed a systematic search in the online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus for relevant publications up to August 2020. Prospective cohort studies that considered dietary acrylamide as the exposure variable and breast, endometrial or ovarian cancer as the main outcome variable or as one of the outcome variables were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of fourteen cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found no significant association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of breast (relative risk (RR) 0·95; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·01), endometrial (RR 1·03; 95 % CI 0·89, 1·19) and ovarian cancers (RR 1·02; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·24). In addition, we observed no significant association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers in different subgroup analyses by smoking status, menopausal status, BMI status and different types of breast cancer. In conclusion, no significant association was found between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers.


Superstring theory is known to be free from ultraviolet divergences but suffers from the usual infrared divergences that occur in quantum field theories. After briefly reviewing the origin of ultraviolet finiteness of superstring theory we describe recent progress towards the understanding of infrared divergences in superstring theory.


A city-wide deployment of advanced sensing technology will, undoubtedly, transform the way we live and interact with the surroundings. A countless number of applications would be feasible if such deployment is available. Of immense importance is the protection of roads and other important infrastructure of a city. This is only one such application. Accordingly, we present an integrated tool which is a part of a comprehensive framework for supporting national security agencies in making informed decisions and achieving the best security outcomes. The proposed tool: Virtual Deployment and Performance Analysis tool (VDPA) will enable national security specialists to obtain automatically-generated, city-tailored Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployment plans, compare different deployments, test their functionality, get real deployment information, and many other important functions needed for a reliable technology application. Two deployment algorithms addressing WSN performance issues and homeland security (HS) interests are presented. Tool validation and suitability verification are accomplished through a set of three design case studies including the city of Chicago, IL, city of Milwaukee, WI, and the capital area of the state of Texas (also called greater Austin). For each case study, a deployment is first generated, then performance evaluation is done through simulation using appropriate routing protocols. Results show that large scale deployments can be easily designed and tested using VDPA. The tool is expected to greatly reduce the cost and effort associated with WSN-deployment planning and realization.


Reflecting on the process of writing history, Tom Griffiths argues that it is 'the product of a fascinating struggle between imagination and evidence'. He adds that 'it is our job to release reality, enable it to be seen, enable voices and silences to be heard'. Many Australian historians have expended considerable effort in seeking to understand the reality of the Great Depression of the 1930s, analysing its political, economic, social and cultural dimensions. There are still, however, 'voices and silences to be heard', including those of Brisbane women who suffered financial hardships in this period and who actively responded to those hardships by accessing government relief, generating income and reducing their and their families' expenditure. Attempting to retrieve and evaluate those responses suggests that the 'voices' are inevitably accompanied by 'silences' — that the pictorial, documentary and oral sources which offer valuable insights into Brisbane women's lives also prompt questions that cannot be answered from those sources. In addition to providing an overview of how Brisbane women 'made ends meet' during the Depression, this article emphasises the limits of historical knowledge. Those limits are especially apparent in my attempt to reconstruct — or imagine — the experiences of one of the hundreds of unemployed women who visited the Female Labour Exchange during the 1930s.


Sky/cloud images captured by ground-based cameras (a.k.a. whole sky imagers) are increasingly used nowadays because of their applications in a number of fields, including climate modeling, weather prediction, renewable energy generation, and satellite communications. Due to the wide variety of cloud types and lighting conditions in such images, accurate and robust segmentation of clouds is challenging. In this paper, we present a supervised segmentation framework for ground-based sky/cloud images based on a systematic analysis of different color spaces and components, using partial least-squares regression. Unlike other state-of-the-art methods, our proposed approach is entirely learning based and does not require any manually defined parameters. In addition, we release the Singapore whole Sky imaging segmentation database, a large database of annotated sky/cloud images, to the research community.


In Malaysia, the usage of foamed concrete is widely used in construction of buildings which can reduce the cost and time of project. This study is to investigate the effect of foamed concrete strength with 1% and 5% egg albumen were used. This study was conducted to improve the performance of foamed concrete by using egg albumenwhere egg albumen is considered as an agriculture waste material. The tests
conducted in this study were compression strength, flexural strength and drying shrinkage. A total of 54 cubes (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) and 54 prisms (500mm x 100mm x 100mm) were casted according to three different mixtures including control foamed concrete of 1400kg/rn3 density. The samples were cured under two curing conditions which were air and water curing for 7, 14 and 28 days before testing. Three types of mixtures were cast based on 1% egg albumen foamed concrete (1% EAFC), 5% egg albumen foamed concrete (5% EAFC) and 100% foamed concrete (100% FC). The result for 1% EAFC mixture in air curing shows 30% higher compressive strength and 90% higher flexural strength with increase density when compared with control foamed concrete at 28th days while compressive and flexural strength in water curing was 84% and 80% higher. As for 5% EAFC, it consists of unstable compressive strength and higher flexural strength with increase density when compared with control foamed concrete which was 64% and 35% higher for air curing while compressive and flexural strength in water curing was 19% and 14% higher at 28th days. Water curing for 100% FC and 1% EAFC mixtures has higher compressive and flexural strength compared to air curing while 5% EAFC is vice versa. Shrinkage value for 100% FC and 1% EAFC are more stable while shrinkage value for 5% EAFC is not consistent. The significant of this study is to produce a lightweight concrete with waste material which is more environment friendly and improved properties.


Summary
Escherichia coli strain w adsorbs phage λ very efficiently but the phage does not form plaques on this strain. In a very small fraction (10-4) of the infected cells the phage grows and produces small bursts of progeny phage also unable to form plaques on strain w.
E. coli strain w is lysogenic for a temperate phage, wφ, related to phage p2. Non-restricting hosts for phage λ became restricting hosts when made lysogenic for wφ. When 32P-labelled λ adsorbed to restricting wφ lysogenic hosts, > 20% of the 32P become acid-soluble shortly after infection. No wφ specific modification was carried by the small number of λ phages which escaped this restriction process. It is concluded that wφ controls a host-restriction mechanism but not a host-modification process, and in parallel with other examples of host-controlled restriction and modification can be represented as r
+
m
- or r
+
m°. λ
w
mutants have been isolated which escape this restriction and which form plaques on strain w and wφ lysogenic strains with an efficiency of 1.0. With these mutants a w-specific host modification controlled by the genome of strain w was demonstrated. Mixed infection experiments with restricted λ and unrestricted λ
w
showed that that restricted phage did not block the growth of the unrestricted mutant nor did the mutant permit the restricted phage to grow. In addition it was shown that λ obtained from bacteria mixedly infected with λ and λw was still unable to grow in restricting hosts and λw similarly obtained from mixedly infected bacteria still retained its ability to grow on restricting hosts. It is concluded that there is a nucleotide sequence in the DNA of phage λ which, when λ infects a restricting host, is specifically recognized by the restriction mechanism controlled by the wφ. The mutation to λw involves an alteration to this sequence such that it is no longer recognized by the restriction mechanism of the wφ.
Mutants of wφ were isolated not restrictive for phage λ.


This thesis describes how masculinities are experienced inside football fields. I have provided a cultural analysis based on Cultural Studies and Post-Structuralist Gender Studies in order to map masculine representations inside this specific context. In order to construct the empirical material, I have selected four newspapers from Porto Alegre. From these resources I have gathered narratives from those who are involved in the spectacle of football. This has allowed me to visualize some of the theoretical characteristics materialized in the world of football. I have also observed eight games of the 2008 Campeonato Gaúcho: four football games of Sport Club Internacional and four football games of Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto-Alegrense, inside Beira-Rio and Olímpico football fields. From these observations, I have compiled field notes. I have shown how the actions of male fans, i.e., their songs, their clothing, and signs, help to construct their masculinities. Inside football fields subjects can be anonymous. Their multiple identities are subordinated to the football fan identity. Therefore, they can put themselves in a collective action. The football fields provide a pedagogy. It is necessary to learn when to scream and when to be silent, what to scream and what not to scream, and what to feel and how to feel... The pedagogic 'science' of curriculum is a useful tool in examining practices inside football fields. Curriculum, in this sense, is not meant to define a specific path of study from where subjects go from one condition to a place where they could be graduated as man or fan, whatever cultural context. The curriculum taught at the football field is more a series of prescription; something subjects are invited to practice at all times. Through this study, I have presented different narratives about football and the masculinities that aid in the construction of the football fan, particularly those who go to football fields. To support the idea of a masculinity curriculum of the football fan, I have organized the contents of this curriculum among four topics: 1) Brave and fight; 2) Violence and socialization; 3) A macho ́s love; 4) Subaltern masculinities. For the first topic, I documented the players and fans ́ need to demonstrate their will to do something more, by becoming members of football clubs. In the second topic, I point out how homophobia and physical confrontations can be understood as a way of sociability. The emotion is highlighted among third topic. In this environment, where virile masculinities are positively valued, the football fan is free to demonstrate affection and love. He is also free to demonstrate sadness and frustration through crying. For the last topic, I highlight the adversary ́s masculinity construction, and all possible negative points. From this, I am able to highlight the adversary ́s inadequate masculinity, which confirms the condition of normality of our masculinity.


This paper presents an ongoing research project investigating the use of bibliometrics for research evaluation and resource allocation purposes, and to investigate the effects of these evaluation models on individual, organizational and political levels. A main focus has been on bibliometrics based evaluation practices. The use of bibliometrics for local resource allocation at Swedish universities was analyzed (Hammarfelt et.al, 2016; Hammarfelt & Astrom, 2015), finding a great degree of variation both in how and where bibliometrics is used; and while the introduction of a bibliometrics based national model for resource allocation in Sweden in 2009 probably had an effect on the increasing use of bibliometrics in local allocation models, there are also great variation in terms of bibliometric indicators and allocation models being in use. But bibliometrics is not just being used in evaluation and resource allocation models at a systemic level. Another important part of the use of bibliometrics in research evaluation practices is how it is being used by academic scholars and scientists serving as external assessors of candidates for academic positions or of research funding proposals. This practice has been studied through analyses of application assessment reports in economics, history, and biomedical research at Swedish universities (Hammarfelt, forthcoming; Hammarfelt & Rushforth, in press). The other main focus of the project thus far has been on the underlying technologies, or the infrastructure of bibliometrics and research evaluation systems. A main aspect of the 'infrastructure' theme is the challenges of understanding complexities and interactions of different technical or auxiliary systems, and their role in evaluation processes. This has been investigated empirically in a minor study of the role of knowledge organization systems in bibliometric analysis and evaluation (Astrom et.al, 2016). Another empirical study of infrastructures under development is a study of current research information systems (CRIS). From a theoretical perspective, a conceptual framework has been tentatively developed, describing infrastructures, not so much as specific technical systems, but as systems of relations between hardware, software and people (Astrom, 2016). This was operationalized by defining: 'hardware' as databases, software for bibliometric analyses, and so on; 'software' as the evaluation systems, the bibliometric indicators, and the allocation models; and 'people' as the stakeholders involved in evaluation practices. The second aim of the project is to investigate effects of the use of bibliometric methods for research evaluation, on the research system, and on and the academic researchers. This can be seen from two different points of view. One is how academic researchers themselves use bibliometric methods when evaluating their peers assessing applications for research grants and academic positions. The other is effects along the lines of scholars and scientists changing for instance publication behavior to adjust to evaluation systems and resource allocation models. While the former point of view might be more contextually related to traditions within research fields, the other might be more related to local or national research policies. The interplay between these perspectives is of high theoretical interest for the project to develop further, but has to a certain extent been investigated within a master's thesis supervised within the project (Nastesjo, 2016); continued in a PhD-project, analyzing the relation between evaluation practices and academic socialization. The master's thesis, suggest that disciplinary differences, career stage, and academic age are important factors for understanding the relation between research evaluation systems and research practices, where there are potential conflicts between disciplinary norms and political practices, conflicts that affect the behavior of individual scholars, as well as disciplinary norms. (Less)


Abstract. Multi-temporal and fine-resolution topographic data products are increasingly used to quantify surface elevation change in glacial environments. In this study, we employ 3-D digital elevation model (DEM) differencing to quantify the topographic evolution of a blue-ice moraine complex in front of Patriot Hills, Heritage Range, Antarctica. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to acquire multiple topographic datasets of the moraine surface at the beginning and end of the austral summer season in 2012/2013 and during a resurvey field campaign in 2014. A complementary topographic dataset was acquired at the end of season 1 through the application of structure from motion with multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry to a set of aerial photographs acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Three-dimensional cloud-to-cloud differencing was undertaken using the Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) algorithm. DEM differencing revealed net uplift and lateral movement of the moraine crests within season 1 (mean uplift  ~ 0.10 m) and surface lowering of a similar magnitude in some inter-moraine depressions and close to the current ice margin, although we are unable to validate the latter. Our results indicate net uplift across the site between seasons 1 and 2 (mean 0.07 m). This research demonstrates that it is possible to detect dynamic surface topographical change across glacial moraines over short (annual to intra-annual) timescales through the acquisition and differencing of fine-resolution topographic datasets. Such data offer new opportunities to understand the process linkages between surface ablation, ice flow and debris supply within moraine ice.


Presented here is a useful guidebook to help prepare students for exams in the Life Sciences subject. The guidebook is divided into two sections: the first deals with basic exam preparation and the second specifically discusses Life Sciences exams. The introduction begins with an explanation of specific terminology, such as competence orientation, learning goals, and quality criteria. The compact nature of the terminology review allows the reader to advance quickly into more detailed chapters such as, Time management for exam preparation and Learning for university exams. Each chapter begins with opening questions to be answered within the text and include methods, strategies, exercises, checklists and practical tips for exam preparation. Lastly, each chapter concludes with a summary and references for additional literature of interest. Section two of the guidebook, written in the same structure as the previous section, presents exam formats and legal framework and discusses written, oral and practical exams in detail. The chapter Written examination could have been improved if the formulation rules for the development of multiple-choice questions had been considered for the given examples. Overall, the content's presentation is scientifically based and didactically and logical structured with the intention of supporting life science students with optimal exam preparation. Additionally, worksheets can be downloaded from an online toolbox by accessing the link in the table of contents. Unfortunately, the link is indirect and thus the downloadable content can only be accessed through the utb website's search function. The ability to access the content without registration and free of charge is a great benefit of the resource. The pictogramswith helpful hints (e.g. exercise, download, tip) are useful in improving the text's overview. Conclusion: This book is a good companion especially for students who have difficulties in finding a suitable learning strategy, for those who procrastinate, and for students with test anxiety or problems with certain exam formats.


This essay represents an attempt to discover a promising entree to interreligious sharing of experience. It is argued that within the present context of global pluralization in the form of increasing religious division and ever widening economic-political disparities such sharing is of vital importance. Legitimate interreligious sharing, it is contended, must be understood in the trilateral sense of mutual participation, mutual accountability, and potential conversional movement. Moving vertically through the various levels of articulated religious experience there is no prior reason to assume that true sharing among people of differing faiths is impossible. Moving horizontally from the general to the specific, however, the gap between religions widens and interreligious sharing becomes relatively more difficult to achieve. An eminently promising means of bridging this gap and of discovering possible areas of overlap of religious experience is the practice of liberative ecumenism, i.e., interreligious cooperation on behalf of and with the poor.


Introduction and aim. Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS), as well as its risk factors and possible predictors, in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional prospective study over a period of 14 months and enrolled 69 patients with liver cirrhosis, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cases of RLS were assessed according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria and severity scale. Results. Out of the total number of patients, 55% fulfilled the criteria for RLS. Age, diabetes, severity of cirrhosis, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and mean hemoglobin were associated with the presence of RLS. Moreover, there was a significantly higher prevalence of RLS among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. From all the risk factors introduced into the multivariate analysis, only the GFR could predict the presence of RLS. Conclusions. This research shows that patients with liver cirrhosis have a high risk of RLS. Even though there are multiple risk factors associated with RLS, only the GFR could predict its occurrence in our cohort.


Membership in extremist groups, such as White Revolution and the Ku Klux Klan, embody specific behavioral attributes. These attributes include practicing endogamy and exhibiting racial pride. There is general consensus among members as to what it means to be part of a socially constructed extremist group. There are also strong motivational factors that support maintaining in-group solidarity and dominant status. By adhering to the rules dictated by group membership, both the self and the group are uplifted based on white racial identity. The process of self-categorization for white racial activists accentuates their own physical similarities along with perceived negative physical differences among racial and ethnic groups. The result is a reinforcement of norms that favor the in-group over the out-group. Subjective belief structures, such as the superiority of whiteness and heterosexuality, legitimize the existence of a universal higher status in-group (at least in the white supremacist worldview). This project is based on ongoing field research that began in July 2009, survey data collected in May 2010, and discussion topics posted on the hate site, Stormfront.org in 2013 and 2014. These findings, among others, contribute to literature about why some people join extremist groups, adhere to racialist ideology, and believe that whites are superior to all other groups.


Previous reports have shown that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicates the importance of transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-β) signalling in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of EMT are not fully understood. Brachyury, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, was recently identified as an important factor that promotes EMT in human carcinoma cell lines. However, there is no evidence indicating that brachyury is involved in EMT in SSc. The expression of brachyury and collagen was investigated in cultures of dermal fibroblasts and skin sections derived from SSc patients and healthy controls. Brachyury and collagen expression were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, respectively, and inRNA for both was analysed using real-time PCR. Brachyury was overexpressed in SSc dermal fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro, and this overexpression was inhibited by TGF-β1 inhibitor. Brachyury siRNA reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen in normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts, but did not decrease the levels of major disease-related cytokines. Furthermore, brachyury levels were significantly increased in skin samples of SSc patients relative to healthy controls. The up-regulation of brachyury in response to activated endogenous TGF-β signalling may play a role in constitutive up-regulation of collagen in SSc fibroblasts. Further studies assessing the regulatory mechanism of tissue fibrosis induced by brachyury in SSc skin may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis, new diagnostic methods, and new therapeutic approaches using siRNAs.


Whether and how an analyst might include spirituality in clinical work must take into account the complex and multidetermined nature of those aspects of life called "spiritual." I consider several dangers that can inhere when spiritual experience is deemed "more real" than other experiences, when it is equated with the good, or when it is divorced from embodied (raced, classed, gendered) experience. These dangers can include inflation, spiritual bypass, and "happy blindness" to our own and others' suffering. I suggest that a spiritual psychoanalysis, or a psychoanalytic spirituality, would hold in tension joy and love with suffering and hate, peace with conflict, power with powerlessness, and intuition with unknowing.


An analysis of Scripture uncovers a new model of God's election and predestination of souls, which fits under the umbrella of the Calvinist theologies, but where this model involves an answer to the long-standing question of why God chose some, rather than all. It will be explored how before souls were elected (or condemned), God looked at them and knew them in a pre-election state, which God used to predestine each soul in physical reality. This analysis reveals why it could be no other way but where God only would choose some, rather than all souls during the physical embodiment stage of the soul, and the vexing centuries-old Calvinist question of why God elected some not all has an answer.


An evolutionary design synthesis methodology was introduced with special concern for the design and optimization of distributed embodied systems. Its efficacy was validated in a case study on the design of collective sensory configurations for intelligent vehicles. Candidate sensory configurations were tested in sample traffic scenarios simulated in an embodied and sensor-based simulator, and in more abstracted and computationally efficient evaluation tests. Sample results evolved under different design preferences are presented, including approximate Pareto fronts representing the engineering design trade-offs characterizing the problem investigated in the case study.


In this paper, alternative approaches to structure the parametric geometry in relation to information on various performances are described and exemplified. They relate to different levels of knowledge that concern the performances considered in the process and which are available to the designer while the parametric model is being set. Atheoretic framework embeds the different approaches, for which the use of parametric modelling is structured in three phases: strategy-definition; model-building; and solution-assessment. The phases and their interrelations are discussed. Finally, four case studies are presented, focusing on the relation between the knowledge available in strategy- definition and the exploration occurring in solution-assessment.


We discuss the monitoring of workplace conditions (e.g.; safety, pay, age requirements, and work hours) in the context of the low-wage labor market of the People's Republic of China. Specifically, we address the question: How can foreign invested companies carefully monitor workplace conditions in their invested country's factories without incurring direct monitoring costs? There are a number of potential monitoring candidates, such as government officials, company administrators, labor unions, and the employees themselves. The group that would be the most motivated and have the best potential ability to be effective monitors would be the employees themselves. However, if Chinese employees are to take on the role of monitors, there first needs to be a significant amount of employee education and development within all levels of the organization. Workers need, at the very least, basic literacy and math skills. We discuss the current workplace monitoring situation in China and note how our findings can be extended to the worldwide low-wage labor market. Introduction The risks associated with cheap labor throughout the world include underage, underpaid and overworked employees in unsafe work environments. These risks are seen in every developing (and in many developed) nations. Naturally, these concerns give Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs) substantial pause. They have only to remember the Nike, Inc. public relations disaster of the mid 1990's to recognize that using such labor pits the seeming advantages of cheap labor against the possible PR problems associated with the potentially unethical treatment of employees. We propose a method of monitoring workplace conditions that would be of limited cost to the FTE, or to the focus company, and would create monitors superior to other candidates for this position. We structure our proposal in the context of the Chinese labor market. China's Situation When enforced consistently, Chinese workplace safety, work hours, pay and age requirements are typically enforced not by regulators from Beijing or local governments or the union, but instead by FIEs using either their own workplace monitors or independent monitors in the FIE's employ. Monitors have the capability and the clout to find and correct issues before they result in company-wide unrest. Conversely, employees on their own with no clout are forced by sometimes hostile supervisors to confront issues through outside intervention. That is, enforcement of workers' rights can cothe only if employees are aware of possible remedial processes such as voicing concerns to the local labor council, their union or, in desperation, the press. Naturally, in all these cases, job loss is essentially a foregone conclusion (despite a long and drawn out remedial process). see Chan (2001) for numerous examples of labor exploitation and employee response. Often, however, incrementally arising problems (e.g.; missed pay checks or physical abuse from supervisors) do not immediately motivate employees to take institutional actions; instead employees will accept such employer behavior until it becomes unbearable, resulting ultimately in a catastrophic reaction. For example, the popular press in China was recently abuzz over the case of a migrant laborer who had murdered his bosses over lack of pay (overdue for three months), accompanied with inflicted humiliation (Staff Report 2005). Would it not be better for all those concerned to correct labor problems (and more minor problems) in a timely manner? Workplace Monitoring Workplace monitors visit plants looking for various production-related problems crucial to the firm while also looking for violations of labor regulations (national and local) and keeping in mind good public relations and economic reality "back home." Bad public relations, such as images of sweatshop conditions haunt FIE manufacturers and the public, while the threat of such exposure is still prevalent today (see, for example, Jung 2005). …


While the doctrine of substance over form has been a part of tax law for over seventy years, courts look disfavorably upon taxpayers who invoke the doctrine to argue against the forms of their own transactions under what is commonly referred to as the Danielson rule. Although the Danielson rule appears sound on its face, it holds less force when applied outside of its original context. In particular, the Danielson rule should not apply when the form given to a transaction is given for non-tax reasons, such as to achieve a particular accounting treatment. The taxation of credit card securitizations provides a particularly acute example of how the Danielson rule could lead taxing authorities to erroneously base the taxation of a transaction on its form for accounting purposes. In this article, I explain why the Danielson rule should not apply to credit card securitizations. First, I describe how credit card securitizations are structured and how they are treated under both the accounting and the tax rules. I then explain the origins and purposes of the Danielson rule, why it should not apply to credit card securitizations, and how it could adversely affect their taxation if applied. By expressly excluding from the scope of the Danielson rule those transactions where the difference between substance and form is rooted in the difference between the accounting and tax regimes, the government will clarify a currently muddled area of law and provide greater certainty to participants in credit card securitizations and similar transactions.


Abstract In this article the new disability anti‐discrimination law in Sweden is considered. The underlying prejudice‐causes‐discrimination model is criticised. It is argued that the new law ‐ which makes unlawful to discriminate persons with disabilities by applying stereotypes in evaluating them as job applicants outlaws prejudiced behaviour on the part of employers as such, without connecting it with any outcome in employment opportunities. The disability anti‐discrimination law is elitist in so far as it only assists those disabled workers whose profile is rather congruous with the profile of non‐disabled employees. The law individualises a systemic problem; it makes discrimination and exclusion of disabled persons from the labour market a problem concerning the prejudiced individual, thereby simplifying both the problem and the way to solve it. The lawmaker has not taken into consideration systemic aspects or gain‐motivated discrimination, neither that which might appear, as a gulf between ideals and...


Selected Entries: Historical Contexts of Child's Play *Play as Children See It *Play and Technology *Sociologists and Play Research * Playful Ways of the Performing Artist * Play Among Education Professionals * Infant and Toddler Play *Play and Language *Gender Identity and Play * Language of Children's Feelings *Role of Play in Assessment *Structuring the Study of Play *Pretending Together * Meaning in Play with Objects * Constructive Play *Games with Rules *City Play *Play as Ritual in Health Care Settings *Peer and Sibling Influences on Play *Play Between Generations *Challenge and Risk-Taking in Play *Play with Violence *Educational Implications of Play with Computer


Direct aperture optimization (DAO) has been used to produce high dosimetric quality intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans with fast treatment delivery by directly modeling the multileaf collimator segment shapes and weights. To improve plan quality and reduce treatment time for our in‐house treatment planning system, we implemented a new DAO approach without using a global objective function (GFO). An index concept is introduced as an inverse form of back‐projection used in the CT multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART). The index, introduced for IMRT optimization in this work, is analogous to the multiplicand in MART. The index is defined as the ratio of the optima over the current. It is assigned to each voxel and beamlet to optimize the fluence map. The indices for beamlets and segments are used to optimize multileaf collimator (MLC) segment shapes and segment weights, respectively. Preliminary data show that without sacrificing dosimetric quality, the implementation of the DAO reduced average IMRT treatment time from 13 min to 8 min for the prostate, and from 15 min to 9 min for the head and neck using our in‐house treatment planning system PlanUNC. The DAO approach has also shown promise in optimizing rotational IMRT with burst mode in a head and neck test case. PACS number: 87.55.D‐


The principal aspects of Diels–Alder synthesis with six membered heterocyclic dienes (2-pyrones and 2-pyridones) as well as the latest data on the endo–exo selectivity of this reaction are considered. The bibliography includes 121 references.