Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR)–guided interventions of large and small joints are feasible and safe procedures offering several advantages compared with standard guiding techniques. Nevertheless, MR-guided interventions are not routinely performed in daily practice apart from a few centers. Accurate injections are crucial for clinical outcome in diagnostic arthrography as well as therapeutic joint injections. In particular, palpatory joint puncture was shown to be inaccurate or uncertain in a substantial percentage of injections of the shoulder, the hip, and the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging offers respective merits of a cross-sectional technique with high soft-tissue contrast. Exact depiction of structures, which should be preserved, such as the labrum, should be aimed for. Areas with complex anatomy can be approached by adapting the right imaging plane(s) because of multiplanar capacity. Lack of ionizing radiation for patients is of growing interest particularly in young patients with repeated interventions. Magnetic resonance guidance alone allows an "all-in-one" MR arthrography combining precise targeting with high-field-strength imaging. Modern short-bore and open-bore high-field-strength systems offer a good comfort for patients as well as clinicians and enhance patient positioning options such as supine or prone position. Thus, a tailored approach such as a posterior technique for suspected anterior lesions in shoulder MR arthrography is possible. In this article, we describe the advantages and limitations of MR guidance in joint interventions with focus on shoulder and hip interventions. We review the requirements for needle material and MR sequences, discuss several different techniques developed to date, and present current results in clinical outcome.


Purpose –The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons for due date book returns, borrowers' attitude when exposed to fines, library efforts to minimize fines and evaluate the effectiveness of fines in the library. Design/methodology/approach – This study used descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. It was conducted at the Library of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Samples were purposively selected, involving undergraduate and postgraduate students batch 2011, 2012 and 2013 that never got fines and were still active. Findings – Borrowers had some reasons for overdue book returns, such as they forgot renewing the book, the book was booked by another user, they forgot the due date, they had no class to attend, had not finished reading, borrowed in short period of time, as well as other reasons, such as illness, a friend borrowed the book. So the term of the loan for 5 days was considered insufficient for them to read the books. Borrowers had to pay fines directly. If they were not yet able to pay the fines then they would not borrow books. Borrowers knew that overdue books would put other users at a disadvantage. Most of borrowers considered the fine to pay as much as Rp5,000.00 /day/book was high. But a few regarded it low. Borrowers considered that blocking the system was not effective for those who were late paying fines. The most effective effort that could be done in order that the borrower returned the books on time was providing online renewal system.


Given n points on a plane, a rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (RSMT) connects these points through some extra points called Steiner points to achieve a tree with minimal total wire length. Taking blockages into account dramatically increases the problem complexity. It is extremely unlikely that an efficient optimal algorithm exists for rectilinear Steiner minimal tree construction with rectilinear blockages (RSMTRB). Although there exist some heuristic algorithms for this problem, they have either poor quality or expensive running time. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective approach to solve RSMTRB. The connection graph we used in this approach is called spanning graph which only contains O(n) edges and vertices. An O(n log n) time algorithm is proposed to construct spanning graph for RSMTRB. The experimental results show that this approach can achieve a solution with significantly reduced wire length. The total run time increased is negligible in the whole design flow.


BACKGROUND
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by CD56+natural killer (NK) cells may contribute to the activity of trastuzumab in HER-2-amplified tumours. In this study, we investigated the possibility that trastuzumab might induce ADCC against HER-2-non-amplified breast cancer cells.

METHODS
Induction of NK cell-mediated ADCC was examined in trastuzumab-treated HER-2-non-amplified breast cancer cell lines. HER-2 protein levels were also determined in tumour and autologous normal tissue samples from patients with HER-2 negative breast cancer.

RESULTS
Trastuzumab induced a significant ADCC response in the HER-2-amplified HCC1954 and SKBR3 cell lines, and in all five of the non-amplified cell lines, which had low levels of detectable HER-2 by western blot (CAL-51, CAMA-1, MCF-7, T47D, and EFM19). Trastuzumab did not induce ADCC in the K562 control cell line or MDA-MB-468, which has very low levels of HER-2 detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) only. HER-2 protein was detected by ELISA in 14/15 patient tumour samples classified as HER-2-non-amplified. Significantly lower levels of HER-2 were detected in normal autologous tissue compared with tumour samples from the same patients.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that HER-2-non-amplified breast cancer cells, with low but detectable levels of HER-2 protein, can bind trastuzumab and initiate ADCC.


This report details results from the fourth annual seagrass monitoring survey for Townsville Harbour and discusses changes in inter-annual seagrass meadow dynamics. The annual seagrass monitoring program is used to assess the health of the Townsville's marine environment by using seagrasses as a key indicator of environmental health. The program provides an annual update of the health and resilience of these key fisheries habitats to the Port of Townsville Limited (PoTL) to inform their port development and maintenance programs and forms part of a network of seagrass monitoring programs established throughout Queensland looking at the status and condition of seagrasses in the highest risk areas of the state.

Results of the 2011 monitoring survey indicate that seagrasses in Townsville are in a highly vulnerable condition. While some seagrass meadows showed small signs of recovery in density compared to 2010, seagrasses generally remained at their lowest distribution and lowest density since the baseline survey in 2007. The declines seen throughout the monitoring meadows have occurred across both intertidal and subtidal regions. The greatest losses were recorded in the meadows at Cape Cleveland and the subtidal Pallarenda meadow which had reduced to a small remnant patch of seagrass. Additionally, there has been a gradual shift in the species composition of many meadows to be comprised of a greater amount of the smaller pioneering Halophila species.

The large declines in seagrass were likely associated with local and regional climate factors including high rainfall, flooding and a reduced light environment creating unfavourable conditions for seagrass growth. Similar declines in seagrasses were found in Cairns, Mourilyan and Gladstone indicating a regional rather than local driver of change. While climate patterns were correlated with seagrass declines, a lack of environmental data at the meadow scale makes interpretation of observed changes difficult. A better understanding of environmental influences on the Townsville seagrass meadows would greatly enhance the existing monitoring program, including information recorded on the actual conditions seagrasses experience within the meadow, rather than inferring conditions from regional climate information. Light and temperature are two of the major factors that have been linked to changes in seagrass, as has been shown for monitoring meadows at other locations. The investigation of these two environmental parameters could potentially be incorporated into the Townsville monitoring program.

The seagrass meadows of Townsville have been identified as one of four regions in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) facing the highest level of risk from anthropogenic impacts (Rasheed et al. 2007). Persistent and natural climate events such as above average wet seasons over the previous two years have affected the resilience of local seagrasses. The vulnerable state of seagrasses in Townsville underscores the need for continued monitoring feeding into management of human activities to ensure the long term viability of these marine habitats. While port activities including capital development and maintenance are not the only threat, they are activities that can be managed in a way that minimises any additional pressure on seagrasses. The results of this program form part of the assessments of annual maintenance dredging through the Townsville Dredge Technical Advisory Consultative Committee (TACC), where planned dredging is critically reviewed to establish if any additional management measures are required. The vulnerable condition of seagrasses warrants extra consideration of the scale and duration of maintenance dredging, capital works and port operations in proximity to these seagrass meadows to ensure their continued capacity for recovery.

While this is an excellent step toward protecting seagrasses, critical assessment and continued improvement to management of other activities such as Urban and Industrial runoff and improvements to non-point source impacts such as agricultural runoff into nearby catchments is also needed to ensure the best long term outcome for the regions seagrasses.


The high-spin S = 2 Mn(III) complex [Mn{(OPPh2)2N}3] (1Mn) exhibits field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization (Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 12869). Magnetic susceptibility and dual-mode X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies revealed a negative value of the zero-field-splitting (zfs) parameter D. In order to explore the magnetic and electronic properties of 1Mn in detail, a combination of experimental and computational studies is presented herein. Alternating-current magnetometry on magnetically diluted samples (1Mn/1Ga) of 1Mn in the diamagnetic gallium analogue, [Ga{(OPPh2)2N}3], indicates that the slow relaxation behavior of 1Mn is due to the intrinsic properties of the individual molecules of 1Mn. Investigation of the single-crystal magnetization of both 1Mn and 1Mn/1Ga by a micro-SQUID device reveals hysteresis loops below 1 K. Closed hysteresis loops at a zero direct-current magnetic field are observed and attributed to fast quantum tunneling of magnetization. High-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopic studies reveal that, apart from the second-order zfs terms (D and E), fourth-order terms (B4m) are required in order to appropriately describe the magnetic properties of 1Mn. These studies provide accurate spin-Hamiltonian (sH) parameters of 1Mn, i.e., zfs parameters |D| = 3.917(5) cm-1, |E| = 0.018(4) cm-1, B04 = B42 = 0, and B44 = (3.6 ± 1.7) × 10-3 cm-1 and g = [1.994(5), 1.996(4), 1.985(4)], and confirm the negative sign of D. Parallel-mode X-band EPR studies on 1Mn/1Ga and CH2Cl2 solutions of 1Mn probe the electronic-nuclear hyperfine interactions in the solid state and solution. The electronic structure of 1Mn is investigated by quantum-chemical calculations by employing recently developed computational protocols that are grounded on ab initio wave function theory. From computational analysis, the contributions of spin-spin and spin-orbit coupling to the magnitude of D are obtained. The calculations provide also computed values of the fourth-order zfs terms B4m, as well as those of the g and hyperfine interaction tensor components. In all cases, a very good agreement between the computed and experimentally determined sH parameters is observed. The magnetization relaxation properties of 1Mn are rationalized on the basis of the composition of the ground-state wave functions in the absence or presence of an external magnetic field.


His-25 and His-132 are the primary candidates for the proximal heme iron ligand in heme oxygenase isozyme-1 (HO-1). The unambiguous spectroscopic demonstration that His-25 is the proximal iron ligand leaves the role of His-132 uncertain. Absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy are used here to establish that mutation of His-132 to an alanine, glycine, or serine does not alter the histidine-iron bond, but results in the loss of the water molecule coordinated to the distal side of the iron in the wild-type enzyme-substrate complex. The His-132 mutations also (a) destabilize the ferrous-O2 complex with respect to autoxidation, which should result in partial uncoupling of NADPH consumption from heme oxidation, and (b) decrease the affinity of the enzyme for heme. The catalytic activity of the protein is decreased but not suppressed by these mutations: the H132G and H132A mutants retain 40-50% and the H132S mutant 20% of the activity of the wild-type protein. His-132, however, is required for catalytic turnover of the protein with H2O2. These results place His-132 close to the iron on the distal side of the heme pocket and indicate that His-132 facilitates, but is not absolutely required for, the catalytic turnover of HO-1.


Stretchable electronics (i.e., hybrid inorganic or organic circuits integrated on elastomeric substrates) rely on elastic wiring. We present a technique for fabricating reversibly stretchable metallic films by printing silver-based ink onto microstructured silicone substrates. The wetting and pinning of the ink on the elastomer surface is adjusted and optimized by varying the geometry of micropillar arrays patterned on the silicone substrate. The resulting films exhibit high electrical conductivity (∼11 000 S/cm) and can stretch reversibly to 20% strain over 1000 times without failing electrically. The stretchability of the ≥200 nm thick metallic film relies on engineered strain relief in the printed film on patterned PDMS.


Designing occupational regulations capable of balancing the need to protect consumers on the one hand with the need to minimize barriers to employment and entrepreneurship on the other has become a public policy priority in many countries, including China. In a State Council executive meeting on December 30, 2019, the Chinese Premier addressed this reality by announcing: "China will phase out all performance-based qualifications for skilled personnel and pursue an occupational skill ranking system to train market-oriented skilled workers." As the US, EU, and other developed nations reconsider occupational licensing there are important takeaways from the Chinese experience.


Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an $\text{1}\;{\rm{m}} \times \text{1}\;{\rm{m}} \times \text{2}\;{\rm{m}}$ area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.


Invariant image representation plays an important role in many pattern recognition applications, such as texture classification, face recognition and character recognition. In this paper, we evaluate some of the invariant orthogonal moments, including Zernike moment (ZM), pseudo-Zernike moment (PZM), and Polar Harmonic Transform (PHT), which are all computed in a circular domain. The performance of invariance and image representation ability are evaluated.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Intra-articular (IA) hyaluronans (HAs) are indicated for pain relief of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Hyalgan (sodium hyaluronate), Supartz (sodium hyaluronate), and Synvisc (hylan G-F 20) are Food and Drug Administration-approved HA products. They are derived from rooster combs; Hyalgan and Supartz are naturally derived (unmodified); Synvisc is chemically modified to increase its molecular weight. This article reviews and updates the safety data for IA HAs used for the treatment of knee OA.

METHODS
References were taken from Medline through July 2002; respective product information services and information from the searchable United States Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database also were used.

RESULTS
All products demonstrated favorable safety profiles in clinical trials and practice compared to other standard therapies for management of OA knee pain. The most common adverse event associated with HAs is mild injection site pain and swelling. Each product has had rare reports of pseudogout and anaphylactoid reactions. Product-specific adverse events, severe acute inflammatory reactions (pseudoseptic knee), in patients receiving Synvisc have been reported. One such patient developed antibodies to chicken proteins and hylan, suggesting an immunologic basis for the severe acute inflammatory reaction. Data from an animal study support a possible immunogenic difference between Synvisc and Hyalgan.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Overall, HA therapy is a safe treatment for OA knee pain, although there may be interproduct variability in safety profiles.


This paper proposes a cooperative control method for multiple mobile robots to track two passive targets in unknown environment on the basis of a particle swarm optimization (PSO). By adjusting the left and right wheels speed of the mobile robot using the proposed control method, each mobile robot can move towards the target on the basis of information about the previous best location of each particle and its neighbors. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed cooperative control method of multiple mobile robots for tracking two passive targets.


The end-state comfort (ESC) effect signifies the tendency to avoid uncomfortable postures at the end of goal-directed movements and can be reliably observed during object manipulation in adults, but only little is known about its development in children. The aim of the present paper is to provide a review of research on the ESC effect in normally developing children and in children with various developmental disorders, and to identify the factors constraining anticipatory planning skills. Three databases (Medline, Scopus, and PubMed) and relevant journals were scrutinized and a step-wise analysis procedure was employed to identify the relevant studies. Thirteen studies assessed the ESC effect in children, ranging from 1.5–14 years of age. Nine out of these thirteen studies reported the ESC effect to be present in normally developing children, but the results are inconsistent with regard to children's age and the kind of ESC task used. Some evidence even suggests that these planning skills are intact in ch...


The organization of MAS builds the frame for their cooperation. The paper represents a novel organizational design that divides the organization into domain-oriented application layer and communication layer. Extract the problem-domain knowledge from the general communication mechanism. By this way, the organizational design is extensible for diversity applications, but also can design the system before building the communication layer. The paper describes the organizational building process in detail; then represents the operation process and corresponding enforcement briefly; finally, the example proves that the organization is not only available, but also adapts to the varying problemdomain.


A low-noise cascaded multi-bit sigma-delta pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a low over-sampling rate is presented. The architecture is composed of a 2-order 5-bit sigma-delta modulator and a cascaded 4-stage 12-bit pipelined ADC, and operates at a low 8X oversampling rate. The static and dynamic performances of the whole ADC can be improved by using dynamic element matching technique. The ADC operates at a 4 MHz clock rate and dissipates 300 mW at a 5 V/3 V analog/digital power supply. It is developed in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and achieves an SNR of 82 dB.


In recent years, the world wide standard codes such as IBC2000 and NEHRP2000 have paid special attention to the coefficient over-strength factor. The effect of this parameter on saving the safety of structures from earthquake is quite postulated. This parameter associated with the Redundancy/ Reliability factor by which the structural safety is controlled is added into the above mentioned Codes from 1997. Describing the over-strength parameter, the role of effective factors on it, it's role on the seismic behavior of structure, quantitative description of the problem in terms of performing linear and non-linear analyzing of selected structures under incremental push-over analysis and determining this factor in performance pint of the structures constitute some sections of this article. Moreover, an important issue concerning the following question is investigated. That is, "Dose the unknown over-strength factor value incorporated in the structure through the design procedure suffices the structures for being safe or it should be sufficiently induced in structures for responding an appropriate non-linear performance". In this article eight Moment Resisting Frames (MRF) with different number of stories and bays in two different systems, ordinary and special are studied and the results are assessed. These structures have been designed according to The Iranian standard 2800 and American IBC2000 Standard and the required over1 يه وضع ا ت هزاس هورگ يملع نارمع يسدنهم هدکشناد ، ناريا تعنص و ملع هاگشناد firstname.lastname@example.com 2 ناريا تعنص و ملع هاگشناد هلزلز يسدنهم دشرا سانشراك niroo.com rhashemee@ghods


: Sulfadimethoxine excreted more rapidly in patients with chronic nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome than in subjects of the control group. Increased elimination of sulfadimethoxine from the blood of the persons with the kidney diseases was due to decreased reabsorption of the drug in the kidney tubules and increased rates of the drug biotransformation because of decreased binding by the blood serum proteins.


Conventional teaching and training are based mainly on knowledge/skills transfer, but this does not address individual growth and potential particularly well. This is because conventional skills/knowledge transfer usually assumes (wrongly) what the individual needs to learn, and the best way in which they can learn it. Experiential learning is a powerful way to address individual growth and potential, which is commonly a much neglected approach to teaching and developing people of all ages. It is adaptable for individual style, preferences, strengths, direction, etc. As such, it is more likely than conventional prescribed training or teaching to produce positive emotional effects, notably confidence, self-esteem, and a sense of personal value and purpose. This paper offers a historical background of how experiential education has emerged, and how it has been adopted to the field of language education. It focuses on identifying the concept of experiential learning, an experiential learning cycle, its principles and criteria, weaknesses and strengths.


New guidelines on evaluation of peritoneal membrane function recommend ruling out catheter dysfunction when evaluating patients with low ultrafiltration capacity. We introduce the use of a combination of parameters obtained from daily measurements of the cycler software for predicting catheter dysfunction in automated peritoneal dialysis patients. Out of 117 patients treated between 2015 and 2021, all patients with verified catheter dysfunction (n=14) were identified and compared to controls (n=19). We retrieved cycler data for seven days each and tested parameters predictive capability of catheter dysfunction. Total number of alarms/week >7 as single predictive parameter of catheter dislocation identified 85.7% (sensitivity) of patients with dislocated catheter and 31.6% (1-specificity) of control patients. A combination of parameters (number of alarms/week >7, drain time >22 min, ultrafiltration of last fill <150 mL) where at least two of three parameters appeared identified the same proportion of patients with catheter dislocation, but was more accurate in identifying controls (21% false positive). An easily applicable combination of daily cycler readout parameters, also available in remote monitoring platforms can be used as predictor of inadequate catheter function during routine follow-up with potential for earlier diagnosis of this frequent complication in the future.


Buildings have started to play a critical role in the stability and resilience of modern smart grids, leading to a refocusing of large scale energy management strategies from the supply side to the consumer side. When the buildings integrate local renewable energy generation in the form of renewable energy resources they become prosumers and this reflects into additional complexity into the operation of the interconnected complex energy systems. A class of methods of modelling the energy consumption patterns of the building have recently emerged as black-box input-output approaches with the ability to capture underlying consumption trends. These make use and require large quantities of quality data produces by non-deterministic processes underlying the energy consumption. We present an application of a class of neural networks, namely deep learning techniques for time series sequence modelling with the goal of accurate and reliable building energy load forecasting. The Recurrent Neural Network implementation uses Long Short-Term Memory layers in increasing density of nodes to quantify prediction accuracy. The case study is illustrated on four university buildings from temperate climates over one year of operation using a reference benchmarking dataset that allows replicable results. The obtained results are discussed in terms of accuracy metrics and computational and network architecture aspects and are considered suitable for further used in future in situ energy management at the building and neighbourhood levels.


To the Editor: Palpebral externalization or extrusions of bicanalicular nasolacrimal stents occur postoperatively in 15% to 25% of patients. This relatively mild adverse effect may be transformed in a more significant and possibly irreducible complication by hasty management. The removal of an externalized bicanalicular stent is rarely an acute emergency, even if it is perceived as such by the patient and/or family. A variety of management techniques are available but require careful analysis and judgment to avoid further problems.


Sociologists and feminist researchers have emphasized the prevalence of taken for granted notions about political concepts. Nation and gender are examples of concepts that are often perceived as non-political and "natural". Researchers have understood these concepts as related to self-perception, and studies have demonstrated that students tend to perceive gender perspectives as pseudoscientific.From an educational perspective, this raises questions as to how values are involved in students' learning processes. Over the last 20 years, an increasing number of researchers have characterized conceptual change as affective in nature. However, few empirical studies have put effort into investigating affective aspects of the conceptual change process. This thesis adds to this research discussion by offering an empirically rooted conceptualisation of the value-oriented dimension of the learning process. The thesis is based on three empirical studies that investigate how students interpret tasks challenging them to adopt a critical and structural perspective of 'nation' and 'gender'. Drawing on qualitative analyses of tape-recorded group discussions and written home exams, the thesis argues that students bring in other ideas than those advocated in the specific teaching settings with regard to three topics. Firstly, students express values relating to power, meaning when and how it is legitimate to speak about power. Secondly, students express values that concern how science should be practised. Thirdly, students express values related to identity that revolve around how "I" relate (or not) to the concepts taught in the particular course setting. These results suggest that students enter the classroom with personal ideas and principles of what is "good" or "right" when practising political science, and that values can be seen as a key aspect in understanding the complexities of students' learning processes in this particular subject area.


We carry out the nuclear shell model calculations for nuclei with $A=76$ and $A=82$, and the energy levels are compared with the experimental data for nuclei with $A=82$.
We then estimate the nuclear matrix element (NME) for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay by using the ground state wavefunctions.
In order to investigate the model dependence of the NMEs, the pair-truncated shell model calculations are performed and the NMEs in terms of the wavefunctions are also calculated.
It is found that the NMEs are considerably different in the models,
although the number occupancies in the ground states of the parent and the daughter nuclei are almost unchanged.


This real‐world study at a single academic center retrospectively examined the drug survival of apremilast for patients with psoriasis. Retrospective information was extracted from the medical records of patients with psoriasis treated with apremilast at the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, between March 1, 2017, and June 31, 2021. In total, 281 patients were included in this study. Of these patients, 22% had psoriatic arthritis and 57% had a history of prior systemic treatment, including biologics, before the initiation of apremilast. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year drug survival rates were 54%, 41%, 32%, and 30%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that sex, duration of plaque psoriasis (<10 years vs ≥10 years), presence of psoriatic arthritis, involvement of scalp lesions, involvement of palmoplantar lesion, involvement of nail lesions, having cardiometabolic comorbidities, and a history of prior systemic treatment did not have any significant impact on drug survival. The most common reason for apremilast discontinuation was inadequate efficacy (27%), followed by adverse events (12%). Approximately 49% of the patients experienced one or more adverse events. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event (24%), followed by nausea (19%) and headache (11%).


Bottom pinned exchange bias systems of IrMn/CoFe and IrMn/CoFeB on CoFe seed layers were studied. Enhanced exchange anisotropy has been observed for IrMn/CoFeB samples annealed at 350 °C. The ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers of both samples are polycrystalline and textured {110} for the CoFe and CoFeB, and {111} for IrMn. Results demonstrated that the enhanced exchange anisotropy in the IrMn/CoFeB system is closely associated with the increased uncompensated interfacial spins as evidenced by the enhanced Mn x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) signal strength. A quantitative correlation between the Mn XMCD signal and the exchange anisotropy constant Jk was observed.


The friction between the floor and the pedestrian's shoe bottom is an important factor in walkway safety. There exist a number of instruments, called tribometers, for measuring this quantity. The ASTM F 13.1 Subcommittee on Tribometry, part of the ASTM F-13 Committee on Safety and Traction for Footwear, held a workshop in 1991 at Bucknell University, Lewisberg, PA. At that workshop, a number of commonly used and experimental tribometers were tested under strict laboratory conditions: The ASTM C-1028 horizontal-pull drag sled, Technial Products Model 80 drag sled, Slip Test Mark I Portable Articulated-Strut Tribometer, Slip Test Mark II Portable Inclined-Strut Tribometer, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter drag sled, Tortus dynamic drag sled, Sigler pendulum dynamic tribometer, and the James Articulated-Strut. This paper describes a number of results from that workshop.


This article delineates the development of pesantren and madrasa as a very significant part of Islamic education in Indonesia. In doing so, I explore three points related to the development. Firstly, there is an ancient tradition of accommodation in Indonesian Islamic education world. This is seen in the foundation myths that traditional pesantren use to understand their role in society. Secondly, there is a desire to modernize and to meet the modern needs of both students and society while maintaining firm roots in traditional Islamic education. It must be an on-going 'evolutionary' process. Thirdly, pesantren people have rejected the sharia state, the khilafa, the use of violence, and narrow understandings of what the nation should be. They have worked hard to distance themselves from others that seek to cloak themselves in their legitimacy. Therefore,  I would argue that the pesantren and other forms of Islamic education will contribute to the future of Indonesia as a plural, peaceful and democratic society.


Wireless power transmission using mid-range magnetic resonance has become an important technology in body area sensor systems. Recent researches have used fine-tuned impedance matching for wireless power transmission at fixed distance. However, this method is significantly sensitive to the distance change between two devices since the impedances at both ends must be perfectly matched. Hence, it is a major challenge to achieve efficient wireless power transmission in mobile environment. We propose a new circuit architecture for wireless power transmission in the near field; the Resonator Isolation (RI) structure. Using the RI structure, the wireless power transmission becomes highly robust under mobile environment. In this paper, we present the circuit design of the RI structure and evaluate its performance with the actual systems we constructed.


Satellite-based ocean color measurements indicate clear evidence for bio-climate interactions in the tropical Pacific associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Recent data analyses and modeling studies have demonstrated that ocean biology can potentially affect the climate in the tropical Pacific through the penetration depth of solar radiation in the upper ocean (Hp), a field serving as a link between the climate system and the marine ecosystem. However, most global climate models, including the NCEP CFS, have not adequately taken into account ocean biologyinduced heating effects. In particular, interannually varying effect of Hp on the heat budget has not been included. Therefore, the ocean biology-induced feedback (OBF) to the physics and the corresponding coupled bio-climate interactions are still missing in the NCEP CFS. It is very unlikely that in the near-term the CFS will include a comprehensive ocean biogeochemical model to resolve interannual Hp variability. Furthermore, great difficulties still exist in capturing interannual Hp variability using physical and biological ocean models. For example, current comprehensive and time-consuming ocean biogeochemistry models still can not realistically depict interannual Hp anomalies during ENSO cycles. A cost-effective parameterization is clearly needed to take into account the ocean biology-induced heating effect on the upper ocean; a key is to explicitly capture interannual Hp variability which is dominantly forced by ENSO in the tropical Pacific. Over the past decade, remote sensing has led to significant advances in physical understanding, interpretation and modeling efforts of ocean biology-related effects on the climate. In particular, the time series of remotely sensed ocean color data and associated products have revolutionized how the impacts of climate variability and change on ocean biology can be understood and quantified both globally and regionally. Hp can be now accurately derived using chlorophyll content data that are available from ocean color imagery since Sep. 1997, providing an opportunity for characterizing its variability and quantifying its coherent relationships with physical fields (SST and sea level). Previously, an empirical model for interannual Hp variability has been derived using a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis from historical satellite observations, which allows for a nonlocal, SST-dependent, and spatially-temporarily varying representation of Hp variability and heating effects. As a test bed, the effects of ocean biology-induced climate feedback on interannual variability in the tropical Pacific are examined by incorporating the derived empirical Hp model into a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model. It is shown that the OBF has significant effects on ENSO amplitude and oscillation periods. Applications of the empirical Hp model to the NCEP CFS to represent OBF are discussed.


We examined the effects of inactivation of the RB gene on chemosensitivity of human osteosarcoma cell lines, using the MTT assay and calculating the inhibition index. Although the human osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and MG63 have a wild-type RB gene, SaOS-2 and OSrb (established from retinoblastoma patient) have no active RB gene. We used these 4 cell lines in growth inhibition assays for doxorubicin, cisplatin and methotrexate, and assessed the chemosensitivity. In the growth inhibition assay for methotrexate, cell lines lacking an active RB gene were more resistant than cell lines with an active RB gene.


We examined changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism during a very low calorie diet weight reduction program in 6 massively obese normolipidemic women. The diet protocol consisted of a 1st low calorie diet (LCD; 1440, 1280, and 880 kcal daily for 1 week, each, in succession), a 1st very low calorie diet (VLCD; 420 kcal daily for 4 weeks, using Optifast 70), intermission (880 kcal daily for 1 week), the 2nd VLCD (4 weeks) and the 2nd LCD (880 and 1280-1440 kcal daily for 1 week, each). Mean body weight reduction was 18.9 kg. HDL-cholesterol, more specifically HDL2-cholesterol, reduced transiently during the 1st VLCD, intermission, and 2nd VLCD periods, and tended to increase in the 2nd LCD. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I showed a similar change to HDL-cholesterol. However, apo A-II decreased persistently throughout the weight reduction program, and the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio increased significantly in the later part of the program. Serum triglyceride, apo B, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in post-heparin plasma did not change. These data suggest that the observed decrease in HDL-cholesterol was not due to a reduction in very low density lipoprotein-derived HDL production or to an LPL deficiency, but was consistent with reduction in chylomicron-derived HDL formation following dietary fat restriction.


1 Cone LA, Woodward DR, Schlievert PM, Tomory GS. Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. N Engl Jf Med 1987; 317:146-9. 2 Sanderson P. Do streptococci cause toxic shock? BMJ 1990;301:1006-7. 3 Whitted RW, Yeomans ER, Hankins GDV. Group A ji haemolytic streptococcus as a cause of toxic shock syndrome. J Reprod Med 1990; 35:558-60. 4 Givner LB, Abramson JS, Wasilauskas B. Apparent increase in the incidence of invasive group A beta haemolytic streptococcal disease in children. J Pediatr 1991;118:341-6. S Torres-Martinez C, Melita D, Butt A, Levin M, Streptococcus associated toxic shock. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:126-30.


Maurotarion Alberti, 1969, is a diverse otarionine clade that can be readily distinguished from Harpidella M'Coy, 1849. Both genera appear in the Upper Ordovician and range until the Middle Devonian. A new diagnosis for each taxon is given. New species of the genera from the Ordovician and Silurian of the central Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada, include Harpidella kurrii (Ashgill), H. tikkaneni (Llandovery), H. greggi (Wenlock), and Maurotarion messieri (Llandovery). Harpidella megalops (M'Coy, 1846), H. triloba (Hu, 1975), H. spinafrons (Williams in Cooper and Williams, 1935), Maurotarion struszi (Chatterton, 1971), and M. instita (Whittington and Campbell, 1967) are revised.


Generally, a programmable LSI such as an FPGA is difficult to test as compared to an ASIC. There are two major reasons for this. One is that automatic test pattern generator (ATPG) cannot be used because of the programmability of the FPGA. The other reason is that the FPGA architecture is very complex. In this paper, we propose a novel FPGA architecture that will simplify the testing of the device. The architecture is very simple and has several types of circuit blocks and orderly wire connections. This paper also presents efficient test configurations for our proposed architecture. We tested the interconnects of our architecture by using our configurations and achieved 100% test coverage for a short test time.


With the help of a detailed clinical example I offer a vantage point on the difficult-to-engage or disengaged patient, as already engaged. In developing my position I draw on contributions of attachment research bearing on avoidant/dismissive styles of attachment and salient contributions of self-psychology. I consider and illustrate the implications this viewpoint carries from a countertransferential perspective and for the analyst's therapeutic stance.


The wireless connectivity, essential for pervasive computing, has ephemeral character and can be used for creating ad hoc networks, sensor networks, connection with RFID tags etc. The communication tasks in such wireless networks often involve an inquiry over a shared channel, which can be invoked for: discovery of neighboring devices in ad hoc networks, counting the number of active sensors in sensor networks, estimating the mean value contained in a group of sensors etc. Such inquiry solicits replies from possibly large number of terminals n. This necessitates the usage of algorithms for resolving batch conflicts with unknown conflict multiplicity n. In this paper we present a novel approach to the batch conflict resolution. We show how the conventional tree algorithms for conflict resolution can be used to obtain progressively accurate estimation of the multiplicity. We use the estimation to propose a more efficient binary tree algorithm, termed Estimating Binary Tree (EBT) algorithm. We extend the approach to design the Interval Estimation Conflict Resolution (IECR) algorithm. For n → ∞ we prove that the efficiency achieved by IECR for batch arrivals is identical with the efficiency that Gallager's FCFS algorithm achieves for Poisson packet arrivals. For finite n, the simulation results show that IECR is, to the best of our knowledge, the most efficient batch resolution algorithm reported to date.


The direct oxidative cross-coupling of primary amines is a challenging transformation as homocoupling is usually preferred. We report herein the chemoselective preparation of cross-coupled imines through the synergistic combination of low loadings of Cu(II) metal-catalyst and o-iminoquinone organocatalyst under ambient conditions. This homogeneous cooperative catalytic system has been inspired by the reaction of copper amine oxidases, a family of metalloenzymes with quinone organic cofactors that mediate the selective oxidation of primary amines to aldehydes. After optimization, the desired cross-coupled imines are obtained in high yields with broad substrate scope through a transamination process that leads to the homocoupled imine intermediate, followed by dynamic transimination. The ability to carry out the reactions at room temperature and with ambient air, rather than molecular oxygen as the oxidant, and equimolar amounts of each coupling partner is particularly attractive from an environmentally viewpoint.


We developed a simple regression model for predicting the intesity change (central pressure) of major tropical cyclones (TCs) for 24 hours after landfall using 51 TC cases which landed over the Korean Peninsula for 1951-2004. Clusters 1 and 4 with a relatively strong intensity of TC after landfall classified by Choi and Kim (2007) are used to develop a statistical model for the prediction of TC intensity change. Predicting parameters (falling constants) in the regression models (P t = P? + αlnt) are 6.46 and 10.11 for clusters 1 and 4, respectively. It might be mentioned that there is some feasibility in employing a simple regression model developed in this study for TC intensity change after landfall for operational purpose of TC forecasting compared with RSMC-Tokyo best-track in both TC cases of Clusters 1 and 4 and Ewiniar (0603) case, but the room for improvement of model still remains for further study.


Objective: to study the protective properties of the aqueous extract of Chinese oak silkworm pupae in the conditions of toxic effect of copper ions on the cytogenetic activity in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. Material and methods. The effect of the tested solutions were assessed by means of ana-telophase method for accounting chromosome aberrations in cells of root meristems by mitotic index, metaphase-prophase index, the pathology of mitosis, its composition and spectrum. Results. The study revealed that the application of the aqueous extract of Chinese oak silkworm pupae in the effect of the supralethal concentration of copper ions effectively inhibits pathological processes in cells. Conclusion. The protective properties of the active components of the aqueous extract of oak Chinese silkworm pupae against severe cytogenetic damages caused by the copper are expressed in the reduced number of pyknotic cells in the interphase.


Individuals with steroid resistant asthma which was first described in 1968 are often the most difficult to manage asthmatic patients in that they have severe disease yet fail to respond to glucocorticoids. To make the diagnosis of steroid resistant asthma, the patient must fail to respond to a 7 to 14 days course of daily prednisolone as measured by less than 'a 15% im-provement in morning prebronchodilator FEV, fol-lowing the glucocorticoids course. Ongoing inflam-mation is thought to play a major role in the patho-genesis of steroid resistant asthma, and recent stud-ies have demonstrated diminished glucocorticoids re-ceptor to DNA binding as possible mechanisms for diminished glucocorticoids responsiveness. Alterna-tive asthma therapies, such as methotraxate, cyclosporine and intravenous gammaglobulin are of ten used in this group of asthmatic patient.


The intramolecular Heck reaction is a well-established strategy for natural product total synthesis. When constructing large rings, this reaction is also referred to as Heck macrocyclization, which has proved a viable avenue to access diverse naturally occurring macrocycles. Less noticed but likewise valuable, it has created novel macrocycles of non-natural origin that neither serve as nor derive from natural products. This review presents a systematic account of the title reaction in forging this non-natural subset of large rings, thereby addressing a topic rarely covered in the literature. Walking through two complementary sections, namely (1) drug discovery research and (2) synthetic methodology development, it demonstrates that beyond the well-known domain of natural product synthesis, Heck macrocyclization also plays a remarkable role in forming synthetic macrocycles, in particular macrocyclic drugs.


The lymph fistula rat has been used for studying intestinal absorption of nutrients, especially lipids. Lipid absorption begins with the digestion of triacylglycerol (TAG) to form 2‐monoacylglycerol (2‐MAG) and fatty acids (FA), which are then incorporated in bile salt–mixed micelles. The mixed micelles deliver these digestion products to enterocytes for uptake. There, 2‐MAG and FA are re‐esterified to form TAG, which is then incorporated into chylomicrons (CMs) to be carried by the lymphatic system. Coincident with CMs' secretion into lymph, the small intestine also secretes incretin hormones. Advantages of the lymph fistula model in studying CMs and incretin secretion include the following: (1) the animal being conscious, (2) much less dilution of CMs and incretins than in portal blood, and (3) fewer degrading enzymes than portal blood, e.g., dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV. Examples of the lymph fistula model being used for studying CMs' transport in normal and pathophysiologic states are presented. Recently, the lymph fistula rat has also been used for studying the secretion of incretins by the small intestine.


Content services on the Internet is getting attention as a new business model, selling digital content in real-time on the web. However, most of these content-based business is based on advertisement model rather than direct-payment-based business model. One of the difficulty in setting up charge-based content service is that the pricing paradigm of digital content is different from traditional pricing of products or services. The ob-jective of this study is to empirically derive the feasible price response functions for these content services. Based on conjoint analysis of popular attributes of digital content, several price response function models were fitted against the conjoint data, using online movie viewers' preferences for different attributes of the service. Fitted function models were linear, multiplicative, exponential, attraction, and Gutenberg models. attraction model was found to be well-fit with the data


The present work is chapter 1 of the edited volume, Torture as Tort: Comparative Perspectives on the Development of Transnational Human Rights Litigation (Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2001). At the time the book was generated, the controversial nature of seeking globalised justice through national courts had become starkly apparent in the wake of the Pinochet case in which the Spanish legal system sought extradition of the former President of Chile from the United Kingdom in order to bring him to account under Spanish criminal law for a variety of alleged violations in Chile of human rights, most notably involving torture. Yet, the international legal and associated statutory bases for such criminal prosecutions were both well understood in legal doctrine and well entrenched in many states' legal systems, in comparison to transnational civil liability for human rights violations. This book set out to address the civil liability side of accountability for human rights violations. When Torture as Tort was published, there had been very little treatment, let alone a comprehensive assessment, of the merits and demerits of US-style transnational human rights litigation by non-American legal scholars and practitioners. The book seeks not so much to fill this gap as to start the process of doing so, with a view to stimulating debate amongst scholars and policy-makers. The volume consisted of 26 chapters divided into six thematic parts, written by 30 scholars (all non-American); the table of contents is reproduced at the end of this abstract. The objective of the book was, and remains, to generate doctrinal, theoretical, and policy-relevant inquiry over the question of the feasibility and legitimacy of transnational human rights litigation. The present "Introduction to Torture as Tort: From Sudan to Canada to Somalia" consists of a narrative and analytical roadmap of the topics covered and arguments developed in the 25 chapters that follow the present one. It is organized into sub-sections that correspond to each thematic Part in the book (again, see the table of contents reproduced below). After this roadmap, an additional subsection places the overall book project into the concrete context of the first tort case to come before a Canadian court that involves allegations of torture in another country, Arone v. Canada.


Defining the relative importance of protease-activated receptors (PARs) for thrombin signaling in mouse endothelial cells is critical for a basic understanding of thrombin signaling in these cells and for the rational use of knockout mice to probe the roles of thrombin's actions on endothelial cells in vivo. We examined thrombin- and PAR agonist-induced increases in cytoplasmic calcium, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and gene expression in endothelial cells from wild-type and PAR-deficient mice. PAR1 and PAR4 agonists triggered responses in wild-type but not in Par1-/- and Par4-/- endothelial cells, respectively. Calcium imaging confirmed that a substantial fraction of individual endothelial cells responded to both agonists. Compared with wild-type cells, Par1-/- endothelial cells showed markedly decreased responses to low concentrations of thrombin, and cells that lacked both PAR1 and PAR4 showed no responses to even high concentrations of thrombin. Similar results were obtained when endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation of freshly isolated mouse aorta was used as an index of signaling in native endothelial cells. Thus PAR1 is the major thrombin receptor in mouse endothelial cells, but PAR4 also contributes. These receptors serve at least partially redundant roles in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and together are necessary for the thrombin responses measured.


Pervasive computing environments present new challenges that hinder traditional approaches to software engineering. In this paper, we tackle one such challenge: the need of pervasive application developers to have access to constructs that enable resource discovery in dynamic environments. We first define the evolving tuples model, a novel extension to traditional tuple spaces that allows applications to embed context-aware adaptation directly in structures traditionally used for distributed coordination. The behavior applications embed in evolving tuples can subsequently be used by discovery queries to allow environmental characteristics to directly impact the results of discovery. Our approach minimizes the amount of infrastructure that must be available to support discovery by embedding the discovery functionality almost exclusively within the tuple and makes the resource discovery process transparent. At the same time, our model retains many of the benefits of traditional tuple space approaches, namely providing content-based coordination that is easy for developers to understand and implement. The evolving tuple's inherent flexibility also allows resource discovery to adapt to the changing resources, applications, and environments.


While newly developed potent immunosuppressive agents have dramatically reduced the incidence of rejection of transplanted organs, they have increased the patients' susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancer. Here we report a rare skin infection caused by atypical mycobacterium marinum in a 50-year-old female renal transplant recipient. The patient presented with localized skin lesion on the dorsum of her hand, which was misdiagnosed as gout. Only after the lesions spread in a sporotrichoid pattern, a cutaneous infection with atypical mycobacteria was suspected. The diagnosis was based on histopathological analysis as well as mycobacterial culture, both showing infection with atypical mycobacterium. Three months of antimycobacterial treatment led to a marked regression of the lesions. Sporotrichoid lesions in renal transplant patients are rare and a diagnostic challenge for the physician. A thorough history and a low threshold for skin biopsies could prevent painful and unnecessary surgical interventions.


Preface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. Understanding Diabetes. Chapter 2. Treating Diabetes Effectively. Chapter 3. Management And Treatment Of Acute Diabetes Complications In Accident And Emergency. Chapter 4. Diabetes In the Medical Ward. Chapter 5. Diabetes And The Surgical Patient. Chapter 6. Diabetes In Coronary Care. Chapter 7. Management Of Diabetes In The Renal Unit. Chapter 8. Diabetes And Liver Disease. Chapter 9. Discharging The Patient With Diabetes From Hospital. Index.


Blurring is one of the most common distortions in digital images. In the past decade, extensive image deblurring algorithms have been proposed to restore a latent clean image from its blurred version. However, very little work has been dedicated to the quality assessment of deblurred images, which may hinder further development of more advanced deblurring techniques. Motivated by this, this paper presents a no-reference quality metric for defocus deblured images based on Natural Scene Statistics (NSS). Two categories of NSS features are extracted in both the spatial and frequency domains to account for both the global and local aspects of distortions in deblurred images. Specifically, the spatial domain NSS features are used to characterize the global naturalness, and the frequency domain NSS features are used to portray the local structural distortions. All features are combined to train a support vector regression model for quality prediction of defocus deblurred images. The performance of the proposed metric is evaluated in a subjectively rated defocus deblurred image database. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed metric over the relevant state-of-the-arts. As an application, the proposed metric is further used for benchmarking deblurring algorithms and very encouraging results are achieved.


Phage resistance of 225 strains of cholera germs of O1 group obtained from different countries in 1988-1992 has been analyzed. Change of sensitivity to diagnostic phages was mostly connected with the decrease or loss of agglutinability in cholera sera. Phage resistance is rather conditioned by the change of the surface structures of the cell and by further change of phage reception zones. The increase in the number of strains sensitive to diagnostic phages after 6-12 months of storage evidenced for stabilization of cell wall structures and increase of their viability under relatively favourable conditions of storage.


The name of popliteal pterygium syndrome is suggested for a well defined complex that consists of popliteal pterygium (usually bilateral), intercrural pterygium, various digital anomalies that include hypoplasia or agenesis of digits, valgus or varus deformities of the feet and syndactyly, genitourinary anomalies (such as cryptorchidism, absent or cleft scrotum, inguinal hernia, hypoplasia or aplasia of the labia majora, and oral anomalies (such as cleft lip-palate, syngnathia and lower labial pits). There may also be filiform adhesion of the eyelids.
 This syndrome is but one of perhaps 20 or more that involve clefting of the lip and/or palate. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. Rarely is it transmitted from affected parent to offspring due to genital hypoplasia. The authors point out the importance of the awareness of the surgeon who corrects the popliteal pterygium since the sciatic nerve runs beneath the fibrous septum that forms the free edge of the pterygium.


Changes in biogenic amines, pH, water activity values. and counts of aerobic, lactic acid, Enterobacteriaceae , and pseudomonad bacteria were followed during production of dry sausage. The effect of two starter cultures, Lactobacillus plantarum plus Micrococcus carnosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus plus Micrococcus carnosus , on amine production was investigated. Raw materials used in sausage production only contributed spermine and spermidine to the final products. Tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine contents increased during the fermentation stage, and tyramine was the prevailing amine in the final sausages. Sausages produced by fermentation with starters, as compared to natural fermentation (control), had a lower amount of tyramine, putrescine, and cadaver-ine' but differences in microbial counts were minor. Levels of spermine decreased during sausage production and those of spermidine remained relatively constant. Aerobic plate and lactic acid bacteria counts increased during ripening while levels of species of Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads decreased. Starters seemed to decrease the biogenic amine formation but did not prevent it. The high background flora naturally present on the starting meat and pork lard seemed to have a strong influence on biogenic amine formation during ripening.


Abstract The new mineral uranoclite (IMA2020-074), (UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of irregular yellow crystals in a secondary assemblage with gypsum. The streak is very pale yellow and the fluorescence is bright green–white under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are translucent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~1½, the fracture is irregular. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 4.038 g⋅cm–3. Electron microprobe analyses provided (UO2)2(OH)2.19Cl1.81(H2O)4. The six strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.85(38)(002), 5.340(100)(200, 110), 5.051(63)($\bar{2}$02), 4.421(83)(112, 004, 202), 3.781(38)($\bar{2}$12) and 3.586(57)(014, $\bar{2}$04). Uranoclite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.763(8), b = 6.156(8), c = 17.798(8) Å, β = 95.656(15)°, V = 1173.5(18) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure is the same as that of synthetic (UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4 in which the structural unit is a dimer consisting of two pentagonal bipyramids that share an equatorial OH–OH edge. The dimers are linked to one another only by hydrogen bonding. This is the second known uranyl mineral containing essential Cl and the first in which Cl coordinates to U6+.


: Simple methods like regular medical check-up, regular exercise, healthy eating can be helpful for Garbhini in maintaining good health. Apart from consanguineous intervention, social and psychological support is important too during pregnancy. At this juncture, Yoga is honored as one of the effective methods of healthcare to manage the garbhini-sutika problems. Addition of yoga asanas during gestational period simply determines the body-mind practice which encompasses the conventional substantial pose and can integrate mandatory factors, like meditation and breathing exercises. Yoga supportively helps to regulate the physiological functioning and improves psychological well-being. A positive effect upon mother and fetus may be seen if garbhini undergoes regular Yogic practices.


The rate of disability in the Indigenous population is substantially higher than for the Australian population as a whole. Despite the relatively high rates of disability experienced by the Indigenous population, there is surprisingly little research which provides basic descriptive information on where those Indigenous Australians with a disability live and what their demographic characteristics are. This paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap by providing an overview of the geographic distribution of disability in the Indigenous population. It has been written for the First Peoples Disability Network of Australia in order to support their aim to work towards better outcomes for Indigenous Australians with a disability. The second section of the paper provides an overview of the data used in the analysis, as well as a picture of the distribution of the Indigenous population. The section that follows gives a comparison of rates of self-reported disability across the Indigenous lifecourse, with data also presented for the non-Indigenous population. The fourth section of the paper gives a summary of the rates of reported disability across 38 Indigenous Regions.


The focus of this paper is to present an exploratory study on the level of awareness regarding green marketing and its managerial implications, among selected, South African Manufacturing Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The concept of green marketing and thought provoking managerial implications are still an issue of concern in the South African manufacturing sector. The study aimed to explore the awareness levels about green marketing by selected South African manufacturing SMMEs in KZN, and the resulting managerial implications. Primary data was collected from 84 manufacturing SMMEs. This research was quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used to collect data from SMMEs owners/managers in KZN. Findings of the research indicate that SMMEs in the study are aware of green marketing and its managerial implications. It further reveals that SMMEs' owners/managers indicate that the South African Environmental Act and Consumer Protection Act are additional factors that influence their businesses operations. The paper will benefit SMMEs owners/managers, SMMEs marketing managers, and affiliated stakeholders, by introducing a new understanding of green marketing and how to cope with the demand of new green marketing strategies. Most work on the Green Zone has concentrated on green products, with little emphasis on green marketing and its implications. The findings are limited by the study's exploratory, quantitative nature and small sample. Generalisation should be done with care and further research, with a large sample and consideration of other provinces, is therefore recommended.


Overview. The current financial risk scene J.A. Batten, T.A. Fetherston). Recent global financial crises: Lessons learned (W.C. Hunter). The ability of regulatory capital models to meet prudential objectives: A credit derivative perspective (E. Wong, T.A. Fetherston, J.A. Batten). Financial Risk Management Procedures. Cointegration and asset allocation: A new active hedge fund strategy (C. Alexander, I. Giblin, W. Weddington III). Improving value at risk for non-normal return distributions (D. Nam, B.E. Gup). Equity volatility trading strategy in two closely related indices - a risk management perspective (H.R. Kubli, W. Kemmsies). The choice of foreign exchange hedging techniques: An international study (R. Faff, A.P. Marshall). The hill estimator in Financial Risk Assessment and an Application to Extremal exchange rate risk (N. Wagner). Using regression techniques to estimate futures hedge ratios, some results from alternative approaches applied to Australian 10 Year Treasury Bond Futures (D.E. Allen et al.).Optimal Asian multi-currency strategy portfolios with exact risk attribution (C. Los). Tracking errors, changing risks and the asset universe (P. Poomimars, J. Cadle, M. Theobald). Improvements on value at risk measures by combining conditional autoregressive and extreme value approaches (D. Meneguzzo, W. Vecchiato). Interest rate models in risk management: Results for U.S. treasury yields (K.B. Nowman). Financial Risk Measurement. Increasing linkages of stock market and price volatility (N.R. Sabri). Testing for contagion during the Asian crisis (B. Gerard, K. Thanyalakpark, D. Filson). An analysis of private loan guarantee portfolios (M. Gendron, V.S. Lai, I. Soumare). Assessing market risk for hedge funds and hedge funds portfolios (F.-S. Lhabitant). ADR risk characteristics and measurement. (T. Arnold, L. Nail, T.D. Nixon). Operational risk and the BIS capital charge: Foreign versus Australian bank practice (C. Viney). Credit spreads between German and Italian Medium Term Zero Coupon Government Bonds - empirical assessment of a three-factor defaultable term structure model (B. Schmid, A. Kalemanova). Estimation of mean and variance episodes in the price return of the stock exchange of Thailand (T. Bos, P. Hoontrakul).


Myofibroblastoma, a rare benign mesenchymal mammary neoplasm, has been diagnosed largely in men as a unilateral, solitary lesion. We studied nine examples occurring in the breasts of eight patients, all but one of whom were women. In the man, the lesions were bilateral. Patients ranged in age from 44 to 67 years (mean and median, 55 yr). The tumors were well circumscribed and measured 0.9 to 3.0 cm (mean, 1.5 cm). They were composed of cells with a spectrum of appearances including small, compact cells, spindle cells, large histiocytoid cells, and epithelioid cells. All had broad bands of dense collagen, and adipose tissue was present in seven tumors. Foci of pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia were present in two cases. Strong vimentin positivity was present in seven tumors, which were cytokeratin negative. Weak S100 positivity was demonstrated in one lesion, and actin was positive in two lesions. Desmin was positive in six tumors and negative in one tumor. Treatment for all of the patients was excisional biopsy. Follow-up, available in five cases, was from 10 months to 6 years, 11 months (mean, 37 mo; median, 63 mo). All patients are alive and without evidence of disease. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of myofibroblastoma in women are similar to published data on the tumor in men. The tumors exhibit heterogeneous immunoreactivity for markers associated with myofibroblasts. Excisional biopsy is adequate therapy.


A mixed-signal adaptive VLSI architecture for real-time blind separation of linear source mixtures is presented. The architecture is digitally reconfigurable and implements a general class of independent component analysis (ICA) update rules in common outer-product form. In conjunction with gradient flow, a technique for converting wave sources into equivalent linear instantaneous mixtures by observing spatial and temporal derivatives of the field over a miniature array, the ICA architecture allows to separate and localize multiple acoustic sources in the acoustic scene. Experimental results from VLSI implementation of the ICA architecture demonstrate 30 dB separation of two mixtures of two speech signals.


The study aimed to determine the perceived impact of National Service Training Program (NSTP-LTS) on the behavioral formation of the first-year education students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. This study employed a descriptive research design method using questionnaires as its principal tool. The study's respondents were the 231 first-year education students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao enrolled in the Academic Year 2022-2023. Data were treated statistically using weighted mean and Pearson r. The study's findings suggest that NSTP-LTS significantly impacts education students regarding selfimprovement, performance, and community involvement. Furthermore, the student's level of behavioral formation is much observed. A significant relationship was noted in the perceived impact of National Service Training Program – LTS on the behavioral appearance of the students. It was therefore concluded that the higher the perceived impact of the students on NSTP–LTS, the more behavioral formation of the students is observed. The NSTP Coordinator and instructors should implement activities promoting experiential learning to increase student community involvement.


Performance-optimized datacenter networks aim to handle more efficiently the growing East-West intra-cluster traffic of BigData applications. The demanding latency constraints and traffic patterns of these applications expose the inherent bottlenecks of the often oversubscribed datacenter network topologies, favoring in stead the full-bisectional bandwidth fat-trees. And yet their topological benefits may remain unrealized in practical deployments, if such fabrics use single path or flow-level (ECMP hashing) multipath routing. Here we model in detail on Layer 2 the routing performance of modern fat-tree networks using stochastic permutations of bursty traffic. We first analytically simplify and then validate by accurate simulation models that the throughputs for `static' d-mod-k and for ECMP-like multipath routing are 63% and 47%, respectively. We also find that ECMP routing results in a wide spread of link loads under random permutation traffic, which manifests as a 3x throughput reduction for 30% of the flows. Furthermore, ECMP can lead to collisions of mouse and elephant flows, often increasing the flow completion time (FCT) of delay-sensitive flows by a factor of 10. In contrast, packet-based multipath outperforms all the others in this study.


Recent measurements made with the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar have indicated that the formation of polar cap patches can be closely associated with the flow of a large plasma jet. In this paper, we report the results of a numerical study to investigate the role of plasma jets on patch formation, to determine the temporal evolution of the density structure, and to assess the importance of O+ loss rate and transport mechanisms. We have used a time-dependent model of the high-latitude F region ionosphere and model inputs guided by data collected by radar and ground-based magnetometers. We have studied several different scenarios of patch formation. Rather than mix the effects of a complex of variations that could occur during a transient event, we limit ourselves here to simulations of three types to focus on a few key elements. The first attempt employed a Heelis-type pattern to represent the global convection and two stationary vortices to characterize the localized velocity structure. No discrete isolated patches were evident in this simulation. The second modeling study allowed the vortices to travel according to the background convection. Discrete density patches were seen in the polar cap for this case. The third case involved the use of a Heppner and Maynard pattern of polar cap potential. Like the second case, patches were seen only when traveling vortices were used in the simulation. The shapes of the patches in the two cases of moving vortices were defined by the geometrical aspect of the vortices, i.e. elliptical vortices generated elongated patches. When we "artificially" removed the Joule frictional heating, and hence any enhanced O+ loss rate, it was found that transport of low density plasma from earlier local times can contribute to ∼60% of the depletion. We also found that patches can be created only when the vortices are located in a narrow local time sector, between 1000 and 1200 LT and at latitudes close to the tongue of ionization.


Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents and the use of Ritalin Submitted by: Joanne Nelson 1998 Advisor: Dr. S. Jay Kuder Master of Arts in Special Education The purpose of this study was to see if a combined stimulant intervention/behavior improvement system facilitated greater gains on achievement tests and on a behavior improvement level system than a behavior improvement system alone with ADHD adolescents. The sample used consisted of 10 subjects classified with ADHD. Subjects were matched for IQ, age, educational classification and placement, socioeconomic status, and family type. Five subjects received stimulants and five received no medication, but all subjects were involved with the behavior improvement system at school. Pretest results were gathered using the KTEA (Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, brief form) and the student's standing on the behavior improvement system. Post test scores from the same two instruments were then gather for comparison. Although statistical tests were not significant, these results hold practical significance as demonstrated by the larger grade level gains made by the stimulant group in all areas tested (e.g. reading +1.80 grade levels for medicated vs. +0.52 for non-medicated). It is believed that further research needs to be conducted with larger samples who have less variability within each sample to get more


Tissue post-fixation with imidazole buffered osmium tetroxide allows localization of lipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids (Angermüller and Fahimi, 1982). In odontoblasts, a positive reaction is observed in mitochondria, in membranous structures and in vesicles containing an osmiophilic and amorphous material. In odontoblastic processes, tubulo-vesicular structures and electron-dense coated vesicles seemed to be engaged in endocytosis and transfer processes towards lysosomial structures of the cell body. In the enamel organ, lipidic structures are observed in the stellate reticulum and the stratum intermedium. The plasma membrane of secretory ameloblasts as well as the content of some lysosomial structures are well contrasted. However the distal membranes of the Tomes processes showed weakly stained portions alternating with electron dense segments. Extracellular lipidic globules, sometimes associated with plasma membranes were also seen. These observations demonstrated the alternating weak and strong staining reactions in unsaturated fatty acids of plasma membrane areas of the cell processes, which contrasts with the continuous staining of the plasma membrane of the cell bodies. These observations could be related to functional differences.


The majority of the 500 or so naturally occurring amino acids known today were discovered during the last 30 years, for example during the search for new antibiotics in the culture media of microorganisms, or as components of the antibiotics in fungi, seeds, in numerous plants and fruits, and in the body fluids of animals. Some 240 of these amino acids occur free in nature, some only as intermediates in metabolism. This article provides an overview of the developments that have taken place in this area since 1956 when the last review appeared. Summary accounts are presented, dealing with new unsaturated amino acids, cyclopropane- and cyclobutane-amino acids, heterocyclic amino acids, halogen-containing amino acids sulfur-, selenium- and phosphorus-containing amino acids as well as aliphatic amino acids. In a few cases, e. g. betalamic acid and muscaflavin, the biosynthesis is described in detail.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) undoubtedly affects the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (CaP). However, clinicians need a better understanding of its accuracy and limitations detecting individual CaP foci to optimize management. We determined the per-lesion detection rate of CaP foci by mpMRI and identify predictors of tumor detection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 588 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven CaP and mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy at a single tertiary institution from June 2010 to February 2018. We correlated co-registered mpMRI lesions with whole mount prostatectomy specimens. We calculated mpMRI sensitivity detecting individual CaP and clinically significant CaP foci (any Gleason Grade greater than 1) and predictors of tumor detection using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Final analysis included 1213 pathologically-confirmed tumor foci in 588 patients with primarily intermediate (75%) or high risk (12%) CaP. mpMRI detected 45% (95% CI; 42-47%) of all lesions, including 65% (95% CI; 61-69%) of clinically significant lesions. 74% and 31% of missed solitary and multifocal tumors were clinically significant, respectively. While the majority of missed lesions were small (61.1% ⩽ 1 cm), 28.3% were between 1-2 cm, and 10.4% > 2cm. mpMRI missed at least one clinically significant foci in 34% of patients, including in 45% with multifocal lesions. On multivariate analysis, smaller, low-grade, multi-focal, non-index tumors in men with lower PSA-density were more likely to be missed. Limitations include imperfect co-registration process and uncertain clinical significance of undetected lesions. CONCLUSIONS: mpMRI detects less than half of all and less than two-thirds of clinically significant CaP foci. The moderate per-lesion sensitivity and significant proportion with undetected tumor foci demonstrate the current limitations of mpMRI. Figure. No caption available. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: Department of Radiology and Pathology Integrated Diagnostics (IDx) program and the specialized program of research excellence (SPORE) in prostate cancer.


The biochemical and pharmacological properties of a novel non-peptide antagonist of the bradykinin (BK) B1 receptor, SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-{[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino}propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-{[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl}phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride] were evaluated. SSR240612 inhibited the binding of [3H]Lys0-des-Arg9-BK to the B1 receptor in human fibroblast MRC5 and to recombinant human B1 receptor expressed in human embryonic kidney cells with inhibition constants (Ki) of 0.48 and 0.73 nM, respectively. The compound selectivity for B1 versus B2 receptors was in the range of 500- to 1000-fold. SSR240612 inhibited Lys0-desAr9-BK (10 nM)-induced inositol monophosphate formation in human fibroblast MRC5, with an IC50 of 1.9 nM. It also antagonized des-Arg9-BK-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric plexus of rat ileum with a pA2 of 8.9 and 9.4, respectively. Antagonistic properties of SSR240612 were also demonstrated in vivo. SSR240612 inhibited des-Arg9-BK-induced paw edema in mice (3 and 10 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p.). Moreover, SSR240612 reduced capsaicin-induced ear edema in mice (0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) and tissue destruction and neutrophil accumulation in the rat intestine following splanchnic artery occlusion/reperfusion (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). The compound also inhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by UV irradiation (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) and the late phase of nociceptive response to formalin in rats (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Finally, SSR240612 (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) prevented neuropathic thermal pain induced by sciatic nerve constriction in the rat. In conclusion, SSR240612 is a new, potent, and orally active specific non-peptide bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist.


Presented the case of complex examination of a patient with pancreatic cancer using a bioimpedance method for assessing the nutritional status before and aft er surgical treatment. Provided the literature data related to this problem. Th e presented clinical case demonstrates the features of correction of the nutritional status of a patient with conditionally resectable pancreatic cancer in conditions of cholestasis, severe external pancreatic insuffi ciency and pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus on the background of constitutional obesity.


An investigation of the far-infrared (FIR) response of an optically pumped molecular laser to an infrared (IR) pulse source is presented. It is shown that a three-level laser model explains the observed amplitude and delay of FIR output pulses when a reduction factor for participating molecules is included in the model. A discussion of those physical mechanisms that might be responsible for the reduction factor is given along with a description of how the FIR laser's performance depends on various physical parameters.


Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype has circulated in wild birds and domestic poultry, has successfully crossed the species boundary to transmit to and infect humans and have contributed to the generation of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Little is known about host responses to H9N2 viruses in human airway respiratory epithelium. We used apically differentiated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial (hTBE) cultures to study host antiviral and apoptotic responses to an H9N2 virus strain. Compared to the immortalized bronchial epithelial cells HBE1, differentiated hTBE were less susceptible to the H9N2 virus. Among the antiviral cytokines, IFN-β was the prominent antiviral component in primary cultures. We found that IL-6, TNF-α, IP10 and CCL5 seemed to play important roles in proinflammatory responses while IL-1β and CCL5 were downregulated in primary hTBE cells. The AIV H9N2 virus caused apoptosis in both HBE1 and primary hTBE cultures. In addition to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, we found that the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic cascade participated in H9N2-induced apoptosis, demonstrated by the cytosolic presence of active caspase 9 and cytochrome c. Further, our data indicated that FLIP and Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bcl-Xs appeared to be involved in the apoptotic regulation. The findings will further our understanding on host defense mechanisms and pathogenesis in human respiratory epithelium infected with AIV H9N2 virus.


In this work the turbulent cavitating flow, inside a five-hole common rail Diesel injector and the effect of cavitation on erosion is investigated for the opening cycle of the injection. An explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation, suitable for cavitating flows is implemented in the open-source CFD code OpenFOAM. Numerical fluxes are calculated based on the hybrid approximate Riemann solver. The hybrid scheme provides a Mach number consistent numerical flux, suitable for subsonic up to supersonic flow conditions. Finite Volume (FV) discretization is employed in conjunction with a fourth order Runge-Kutta time integration scheme. The thermodynamic closure is based on a barotropic Equation of State (EoS) for the liquid and vapour phases. The cavitation model is based on a thermodynamic equilibrium assumption and the compressibilities of the liquid and the liquid-vapor mixture are taken into account. The injector needle movement is represented by a cell-based mesh deformation method to ensure mass conservation which accounts for the Space Conservation Law (SCL). This work focuses on potential erosion and on the development vortical structures. First, the potential erosion regions are predicted though three different indexes, the maximum collapse pressures and the erosion damage model. The latter is coupled with the CFD code. The three indexes are compared with experimental results, from CT scans. The structure of the flow is analysed with an emphasis on the interaction between coherent vortical structures and cavitation. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) LES model was used to predict incipient and developed cavitation, while also capturing the shear layer instability, vortex shedding and cavitating vortex formation. The analysis of the turbulent flow field reveals that the opening phase of the injection event consists of four different stages. Initially a negative mass flow rate is observed, followed by a second stage characterized by a complex vortical cavitation in the sac. String cavitation in the orifice is observed during the third stage. At the last stage the cavitation region in the orifice exhibits coherent cavitation structures both in the axial line as sting cavitation and on the orifice surface as shear induced cavitation. Violent collapse events of cavitation structures are detected during the opening phase. Moreover, this work revealed the formation of thin and thick string cavitation in the orifice volume and the effects on the flow pattern in the orifice and at the exit of the orifice.


Purpose: Acute anterior uveitis (AAU), seronegative spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis form the group of "HLA-B27-associated diseases." The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and levels of serum antibodies against gram negative bacteria in Turkish patients with AAU. Methods: Twenty-five patients each with previously diagnosed HLA-B27 positive and negative AAU and 25 age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to Yersiniae enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni and Chlamydia trachomatis were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square test. Serum levels were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The prevalence of serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies did not differ significantly between the HLA-B27 positive AAU, HLA-B27 negative AAU and control groups with the exception of serum IgA antibodies against Yersiniae enterocolitica. IgA antibody against Yersiniae enterocolitica was found to be more frequently positive in the control group. Comparison of serum IgM, IgG and IgA antibody levels did not significantly differ between three groups. Conclusions: Serum antibody positivity against Yersiniae enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni and Chlamydia trachomatis is not frequent in the HLA-B27 positive and negative AAU patients. Serum levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies also did not show significant difference between three groups. No association between these microorganisms and the etiology of AAU was evident.