In the present study, novel combinatorial libraries of substituted pyrazolines 6a–l and isoxazolines 7a–l have been synthesized via the reactions of chalcones with the hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanol. The title compounds were screened for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains, in vitro antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and in vitro antioxidant activity by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power method. Compounds 6k, 6l, 7h and 7k exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and a few of them exhibited moderate antituberculosis activity compared with the first line drugs. Half of the compounds exhibited terrific antimalarial activity and the majority of compounds showed highest antioxidant potency.


Kanzaki, N., R. M. Giblin-Davis, R. H. Scheffrahn, and B. J. Center. 2009. Dauer juveniles of Poikilolaimus floridensis (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) isolated from drywood termites (Kalotermitidae). Nematropica 39:305-310. The dauer juvenile of Poikilolaimus floridensis is described and illustrated. The dauer juveniles were isolated from the foregut of Incisitermes schwarzi (nymphs), I. milleri (alates and workers) and Cryptotermes cavifrons (alates) collected from the upper Florida Keys and identified as P. floridensis using an SSU molecular barcode sequence. The dauers isolated from the termites have a closed stoma and degenerative digestive system, suggesting that the dauer juvenile stage is phoretic and not parasitic. The number of nematodes per infected termite and the infection ratio of termites were low, i.e., three or fewer and 0-33%, respectively. These low numbers and association ratios appear relatively weak for maintenance of the termite-nematode association without local extinctions. Further studies on the life history are needed to understand the dynamics of the association between P. floridensis and kalotermitid termites.


IntroductionOne of the most understudied subjects in the economic history of the Middle East is the level, rate and degree of capital accumulation achieved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This is true for even the most complex regional economies in the western maritime parts of the Ottoman Empire due to the difficulty of locating adequate data to measure and quantify. Still, it is certainly evident that capital accumulation did take place, for the rapid rate of growth and structural change in the economy ca. 1870-1920 would not have otherwise been possible. Even if we cannot quantify it, then, we should be able to document the process and manifestations of capital accumulation as well as its causes and impact.One way to start such an analysis would be to examine the changes that took place in Ottoman society-in lifestyle and cultural attitudes, in the shaping of public opinion through the expansion of local print media, in the construction of urban mass transportation and an array of public utilities for commercial and residential use and in the appearance of trade unions particularly in transportation and among dock workers (hamals). Although such changes took place incrementally, they did so in an accumulative manner, permeating the very fabric of society and affecting in variable ways all socio-economic groups, not only the elites or labor. Furthermore, the cultural changes of secularization and modernization, spurred by increasing connectivity with markets from the Middle East to Europe and beyond, were crucial elements in the process of capital growth in the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, as will be illustrated below, without a close and interactive relationship among the above-mentioned features, capital accumulation would not have taken place at all, let alone at the rate that it did.In our analysis we privilege the urban setting and specifically the port-cities of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ottoman Mediterranean as having the most propitious economic conditions to drive the engine of capital accumulation in the Middle East. Further, we consider the emergence, growth and evolution of the corporate sector manifested in late Ottoman Izmir and its wider hinterland of western Anatolia and the Aegean islands to be a most fitting paradigm of capital growth. Although the corporate sector of Izmir was an economic sector par excellence, for which capital accumulation was sine qua non, the city's society, social networks, lifestyle and the interconnections between them reinforced capital growth. Simply stated, entrepreneurs in Izmir were, as they had to be, ready to receive or to seek out, accept and appropriate messages about new forms of business activity and organization in order to establish incorporated limited liability companies in a profitable and effective manner. Beyond having sufficient capital resources, they had to learn what to do and how to do it through the media,* 1 their associates' correspondence or the experiences of friends in the city, in the empire or abroad. They then needed to evaluate and internalize the information appropriately and proceed accordingly. Such knowledge acquisition was itself derived from the modernity of Izmir and from the urbanity that was globally so iconic of the period, encompassing changes in patterns of consumption that went from household furnishings to physical changes in the city's landscape itself. Such lifestyle changes affected not only Izmir's haute bourgeoisie but also its middle and lower- middle ranks, whose purchasing power may have been less but whose goals, tastes and aspirations often sought the same end.2While lifestyle changes were integral to the adoption of new business norms, including the emergence of a corporate sector, the latter, in turn, affected the rate and nature of other transformative changes the city underwent. Incorporated limited liability companies, initially established in Western Europe, were often the driving force in the realization of such infrastructure projects as urban mass transportation and public utilities that changed a cityscape and its inhabitants' lives forever. …


Summary form only given. Energy is one of the most important issues in this century. With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel and increasingly worsened environmental pollution caused by vast fossil energy consumption, it is in a high demand to make efficient use of the present energy sources and to seek for renewable and clean energy sources. Therefore, research and development of new energy storage materials and devices are receiving worldwide concern and increasing research interest. Graphene, a unique two-dimensional carbon material, is predicted to be an excellent electrode material candidate for energy conversion/storage systems because of its high specific surface area, good chemical stability, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as remarkably high mechanical strength and Young's modulus. This talk will focus on the preparation and energy storage exporations of graphene-based materials. The graphene sheets with different number of layers and large lateral size were synthesized by chemical exfoliation and reduction. A simple method for the efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO) films was developed, and the graphene films obtained have high electrical conductivity and maintain the integrity and flexibility of GO films at the same time. In particular, graphene-based materials were developed for electrochemical energy storage applications in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. It was found that synergetic effects between graphene nanosheets and metal oxides and conductive polymers can be used to develop energy storage materials with high capacity and capacitance, high rate capability and high cyclic performance. For example, graphene/polyaniline composite paper electrodes were prepared and showed a favorable tensile strength and a stable large electrochemical capacitance, which outperform many other currently available carbon-based flexible electrodes. Graphene/hydrous RuO2 composites were developed for electrochemical capacitor with high energy density, and graphene-anchored Co3O4 and graphene-wrapped Fe3O4 composites and other composite materials for next-generation lithium ion batteries were also investigated in detail.


Nutrition is the gross term. It includes body nourishment and mind nourishment. Mind nourishment can be understood in two forms, i.e. good thoughts and good food. Good thoughts depend on a positive mind attitude. The goodness of food depends on what kind of food a person eats and how to eat the food. The role of Satwik Aahar mentioned in Bhagwat Geeta, Chaturvidh Aahar, and Shad-rasatmak Aahar mentioned in Ayurvedic texts are essential to know what to eat, and Aharvidhi Vidhan, which is explained in Charaka Samhita is necessary to understand how to eat. The mind has three qualities, Satwa, Raja and Tama, which are present in almost everything, including food. Chhandogya Upanishad points out that the food eaten has three layers; sthula amsha, madhyama amsha and sukshma amsha, and what is sukshma (the subtlest part), that is mind. It also states Aahar shuddhau satwa shuddhi. From the purity of food comes the purity of mind. One should always try to increase the Satwa guna because; the persons having Alpa Satwa are more prone to have diseases, as Alpa Satwa indulges Pradnyaparadha, and pradnyaparadha is the root cause of all kinds of illness. So, it is important to achieve Satwa Shuddhi and to achieve Satwa Shuddhi Aahar Shuddhi is important.


We report optical spectroscopy of 16 H II regions in NGC 1705 and [O III] λ4363 detections for the first time in five H II regions. The resulting mean oxygen abundance derived directly from measured electron temperatures is 12 + log(O/H) = 8.21 ± 0.05, which corresponds to [O/H] = -0.45, or 35% of the solar value. There are no significant spatial inhomogeneities in [O III] λ4363 oxygen abundances from H II regions at a radius approximately 10'' from the super star cluster. In H II regions where [O III] λ4363 was not measured, oxygen abundances derived with bright-line methods (accurate only to 0.2 dex) are in agreement with direct values of the oxygen abundance. Faint, narrow He II λ4686 emission is found in two H II regions, but the implied contribution from O+3 to the total oxygen abundance is only 0.01 dex. The mean argon-, neon-, and nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios are consistent with mean values for other dwarf irregular galaxies, blue compact dwarf galaxies, and H II galaxies at comparable oxygen abundances. Interestingly, the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio in the ionized H II gas agrees with the value for the neutral H I, even though the metallicity of the neutral gas may be a factor of 6 lower than that of the ionized gas. This may be indicative of low-metallicity gas in the halo of the galaxy. Extinction values, AV, derived from observed Balmer line ratios along lines of sight to H II regions are in the range between 0 and 0.9 mag. Significant and variable extinction may have important effects on the interpretation of resolved stellar populations and derived star formation histories. With respect to the metallicity-luminosity and metallicity-gas fraction diagnostics, the measured oxygen abundance for NGC 1705 is comparable to those of Local Group dwarf irregular galaxies at a given luminosity and gas fraction. Simple chemical evolution models suggest that the galaxy is quickly evolving into a gas-poor dwarf galaxy.


This study intends to analyse and understand various functions and representations of objet as a medium which induce consumption by stimulating the consumers" sensitivity in a small fashion retail shop. Actually modern fashion retail shops have significance to building brand identity with the emergence of strategic and innovative stores of large corporations. In the current market with plenty of retail shops, small fashion shops are showing the active attitude to present brand identity. Objet has a very important medium function in the current design tend which induces customers to a variety of image experience rather than buying stuff simply. The use of objet in a small shop with space constraint appears increasing frequency rather than the large shop. This study redefines the functional objet on the basis of previous study data and shows the expression characteristics of functional objects through 32 foreign cases. Finally the following conclusions are drawn. The functional objet shows not only one characteristic but also a variety of features and characteristics in the space of a small fashion retail shop. The functional objet expresses the important mood by inducing primarily the directionality and the flow of human traffic for space. And it gives vitality to the store by providing the unity and rhythm with repetitive expression of figurative basic elements.


ABSTRACT Several members of the Rhodobacterales (Alphaproteobacteria) produce a conserved horizontal gene transfer vector, called the gene transfer agent (GTA), that appears to have evolved from a bacteriophage. The model system used to study GTA biology is the Rhodobacter capsulatus GTA (RcGTA), a small, tailed bacteriophage-like particle produced by a subset of the cells in a culture. The response regulator CtrA is conserved in the Alphaproteobacteria and is an essential regulator of RcGTA production: it controls the production and maturation of the RcGTA particle and RcGTA release from cells. CtrA also controls the natural transformation-like system required for cells to receive RcGTA-donated DNA. Here, we report that dysregulation of the CckA-ChpT-CtrA phosphorelay either by the loss of the PAS domain protein DivL or by substitution of the autophosphorylation residue of the hybrid histidine kinase CckA decreased CtrA phosphorylation and greatly increased RcGTA protein production in R. capsulatus. We show that the loss of the ClpXP protease or the three C-terminal residues of CtrA results in increased CtrA levels in R. capsulatus and identify ClpX(P) to be essential for the maturation of RcGTA particles. Furthermore, we show that CtrA phosphorylation is important for head spike production. Our results provide novel insight into the regulation of CtrA and GTAs in the Rhodobacterales. IMPORTANCE Members of the Rhodobacterales are abundant in ocean and freshwater environments. The conserved GTA produced by many Rhodobacterales may have an important role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in aquatic environments and provide a significant contribution to their adaptation. GTA production is controlled by bacterial regulatory systems, including the conserved CckA-ChpT-CtrA phosphorelay; however, several questions about GTA regulation remain. Our identification that a short DivL homologue and ClpXP regulate CtrA in R. capsulatus extends the model of CtrA regulation from Caulobacter crescentus to a member of the Rhodobacterales. We found that the magnitude of RcGTA production greatly depends on DivL and CckA kinase activity, adding yet another layer of regulatory complexity to RcGTA. RcGTA is known to undergo CckA-dependent maturation, and we extend the understanding of this process by showing that the ClpX chaperone is required for formation of tailed, DNA-containing particles.


In this paper, an automated approach to register CT and MR brain images based on mutual information and landmark features is described. Images are first rigidly registered by maximization of mutual information. A geometrical feature is then exploited by a differential geometrical operator. Landmarks are searched in the geometrical feature and registered elastically by thin-plate splines. Experimental results of 2D MR-TI to CT and MR-T2 to CT registration are presented.


We study using first-principles calculations the energetic, structural and electronic properties of nitrogen incorporation in SiO2. We consider NO, NH, N2 and atomic N as the nitriding species interacting with a Si–Si bond of an otherwise perfect SiO2 network in order to simulate the nitrogen incorporation near Si–SiO2 interface regions. We find that all the species react with the Si–Si bond forming bridge structures with the Si atoms without dissociating, where NH and atomic N form the most stable structures. Concerning the electronic properties, our results show that incorporated NH is the only structure which does not introduce trapping center at the interface. The structures involving NO and atomic N are acceptors, whereas that involving N2 may be either a donor or an acceptor. The hydrogen passivation of the electrically active centers is also discussed.


Foundry selection is an important decision to a semiconductor fabless (FABricationLESS) design firm. This partnership is a long-term commitment and the success of a fabless is directly affected by the decision. This paper presents a multiple criteria evaluation model for international multiple foundry partnership selection. In a multiple source foundry environment, the fabless maintains partnership with several different foundries to diversify the risk of capacity shortage and natural disaster. We outline the potential planning problems for foundry partnership selection and analyse issues related to cost, yield and time to market. A hierarchical multiple criteria decision-making method for selecting the foundry partners is proposed. Based on a hierarchical structure, non-additive and additive fuzzy measurement is used to show the relative importance of criteria. To select a group of foundry partners, management culture, technology level and future growth are heavily interrelated, the fuzzy integral is, therefore, used to evaluate the synthetic performance of the best partners. To show the practicability and usefulness of this method, a Taiwan consumer integrated circuit (IC) fabless case was presented for evaluation. Results in this study not only confirm the practical nature of the proposed model, but also demonstrate the high flexibility in evaluation of a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem.


The categorical term "auditing" hypertension control is chosen on purpose, to emphasize the responsibility of health politicians for assessing the quality and effects of interventions in populations. Auditing of hypertension is needed for reasons of Efficacy, Economics and Ethics. An analysis of efficacy should test whether the local strategies of hypertension control are sufficiently adapted to the needs and characteristics of a given population. Economic analyses should consider hypertension control in the perspective of resources and priorities. The ethical imperative requires an assessment and follow-up of the effects of health measures on the population, by the same token as evaluation of treatment results is obligatory in clinical medicine. The WHO/WHL Hypertension Management Audit Project was an attempt to analyze the repercussions of hypertension control programs on selected population. Five approaches were taken: (i) assessment of the epidemiological situation; (ii) clinical analysis on a sample of patients; (iii) assessment of patient satisfaction and of (iv) physicians' knowledge and attitudes; and (v) drug utilization studies. The results showed (a) a mixture of under- and overdiagnosis of hypertension in populations; (b) undertreatment of various degrees; (c) mixed patient satisfaction; (d) partial compliance of physicians' concepts and attitudes with standards promulgated by WHO and ISH; and, (e) great differences (at the time of the study) between drug utilization patterns in different countries.


Abstract : The threat of biological terrorism, long ignored and denied, has heightened over the past few years as illustrated by the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo sarin attack in the Tokyo subway system. Many experts in the field of combating terrorism state that it is not "if" but "when", a terrorist will detonate a biological weapon(s) in the United States. If this is the case, is the Department of Defense prepared to support the U.S. Government's interagency effort to establish, maintain and enforce a quarantine operation? Specifically, is current doctrine, policy, and interagency infrastructure (specifically DoD) adequate to respond to an incident of biological terrorism (to support quarantine operations) in a major U.S. metropolitan city? As a result of this heightened threat, President Clinton announced a series of sweeping combating terrorism policy initiatives during his remarks at the United States Naval Academy Commencement on May 22, 1998. These initiatives included the signing of Presidential Decision Directives 62 and 63 (follow-up to PDD 39) which among other aspects, set-up the office of the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism within the National Security Council. This was a watershed step in the Federal government's ability to finally assert a collective and coordinated (Interagency) effort in the area of combating terrorism. These land mark initiatives definitely went a long way to solidify the U.S. government's national commitment to protect the nation's critical infrastructure and population from the effects of terrorist's attacks involving weapons of mass destruction to include nuclear, chemical, and biological threats.


Abstract Background/Aim: The T cell's flexibility of the immune system to be regulated affects the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammasome activation in the circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells of patients with T1D remain unclear. This study evaluated the role of CD3+CD56+ T cells in T1D and their correlations with ER stress, inflammasome activation and disease characteristics. Materials and Methods: The frequency of circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells was determined using flow cytometry in healthy individuals and patients with T1D. Calnexin, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1 (Casp1), cleaved caspase-3 (C-Casp3), and annexin V (AnnV) expression and propidium iodide staining in CD3+/CD56+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: The frequency of CD3+CD56+ T cells was reduced in patients with T1D relative to that in healthy individuals. In addition, high calnexin, NLRP3, ASC and Casp1 expression in CD3+CD56+ T cells was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD3+CD56+ T cells in patients with T1D. Conclusion: ER stress, inflammasome activation, and a lower peripheral frequency of circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells might indicate disease progression and necessitate clinical T1D immunological self-tolerance monitoring.


Aeroelasticity is a key issue in the continuing development of wind turbines towards large, flexible, highly optimized machines. The steadily increasing technology level is reflected not necessarily by the complexity of the turbines, but by the level of knowledge and advanced principles that are taken into account during the design process and incorporated in the final optimized design. This article examines some of the main uncertainties within aeroelastic modelling of wind turbines that have been hard to resolve over the years of research, and also presents perspectives for the new aeroelastic challenges, both from the viewpoint of the researchers at Riso National Laboratory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Brazilian oil refineries' environmental licensing process has been criticized for lack of healthcare aspects. Therefore, this paper aims to identify elements of bioethics that contribute to healthcare in this process. Based on an integrative review of scientific literature and on the deconstructive method proposed by Derrida, the relevance and legitimacy of bioethics to justify the relationship between morality and the consequences for individuals', populations', and ecosystems' health is justified. We conclude that bioethics may contribute as a theoretical and practical tool to solve conflicts by describing existing struggles and moral dilemmas, through processes of criticism and justification and the establishment of morally acceptable measures for the protection of humans and environmental health.


The copperplate Melencolia I engraved by Dürer in 1514 illustrates various interdependencies between mathematics and melancholy. Dürer's engraving is one of the best known works of art in our western history. Up to our own times it has been interpreted repeatedly. The significance of Dürer's Melencolia I for our cultural history is subject of this essay. On the one hand the various changes of the conception of melancholy from antiquity up to Dürer' s times will be called in mind. In addition to it some examples will assert that during the last five centuries the correlation between mathematics and melancholy has been contemplated and shaped as well.


We define Bernstein-Gelfand-Ponomarev reflection functors in the cluster categories of hereditary algebras. They are triangle equivalences which provide a natural quiver realization of the " truncated simple reflections " on the set of almost positive roots Φ ≥−1 associated to a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra. Combining with the tilting theory in cluster categories developed in [4], we give a unified interpretation via quiver representations for the generalized associahedra associated to the root systems of all Dynkin types (a simply-laced or non-simply-laced). This confirms the conjecture 9.1 in [4] in all Dynkin types.


In recent years, sequential recommendation has been widely researched, which aims to predict the next item of interest based on user's previously interacted item sequence. Many works use RNN to model the user interest evolution over time. However, they typically compute a single vector as the user representation, which is insufficient to capture the variation of user diverse interests. Some non-RNN models employ the dynamic routing mechanism to automatically vote out multiple capsules that represent user's diverse interests, but they are ignorant of the temporal information of user's historical behaviors, thus yielding suboptimal performance. In this paper, we aim to establish a time-aware dynamic routing algorithm to effectively extract temporal user multiple interests for sequential recommendation. We observe that the significance of an item to user interests may change monotonically over time, and user interests may fluctuate periodically. Following the intuitive temporal patterns of user interests, we propose a novel time-aware multi-interest capsule network named TAMIC that leverages two kinds of time-aware voting gates, i.e., monotonic gates and periodic gates, to control the influence of each interacted item on user's current interests during the routing procedure. We further employ an aggregation module to form a temporal multi-interest user representation which is used for next item prediction. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets verify the effectiveness of the time gates and the superior performance of our TAMIC approach on sequential recommendation, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.


IFFERENCES between reciprocal hybrids of strains of various animals D are not uncommon. In the house mouse an example is the incidence of spontaneous mammary cancer in crosses between " high incidence " and '* low incidence" strains (MURRAY and LITTLE 1935). When it may be assumed that the cause of the differences between the reciprocal hybrids is not genetic, as in matings between inbred strains, new possibilities are presented for analyzing non-genetic causes of morphological and physiological variation. The purpose of this paper is to describe reciprocal crosses between two highly inbred strains of mice, differing in skeletal type, which resulted in F1 hybrids showing a significant tendency to resemble the skeletal type of the strain of the female parent. Matings were made, reciprocally, between these two strains for the purposes (1) of determining the nature and estimating the number of pairs of genetic factors necessary to account for the difference in skeletal type between the strains, and (2) of studying the effect, if any, of several environmental variables on a genetically homogeneous, although hybrid, group of F1 animals. This paper deals with one aspect of the second purpose. The difference in skeletal type between the reciprocal hybrids represents a major finding in the study of the environmental variables. The difference suggests that some elements of the environment, furnished by the ova or by the mothers to the developing embryos, differ in the two strains, and that the nature of these elements may be identified by appropriate experimental techniques, such as for example by transplantation of ova or of ovaries.


Long-term care (LTC) is arguably the sector of the economy that is most sensitive to population aging: its recipients are typically older than 80 years whereas most care providers are of working age. Thus, a number of ongoing societal trends interact in the determination of market outcomes in the LTC sector: trends in longevity and healthy life expectancy interact with changing family structures and norms in shaping the need for services. The supply side is additionally affected by changes in employment patterns, in particular regarding the transition into retirement, as well as by cross-regional imbalances in demographic and economic conditions. The economic literature on long-term care considers many of these issues, aims at understanding this steadily growing sector, and at guiding policy. Key economic studies on long-term care address determinants of the demand for long-term care, like disability and socio-economic status; the two most important providers: informal family caregivers and nursing homes; and the financing and funding of LTC.


This paper focuses on entry design of complex systems and step-wise refinement. Indeed, design of embedded systems and digital circuits is moving to higher levels of abstraction and mix different technologies (hardware, software, etc). The entry design represents the highest abstract tier of the global system without implementation choices with respect to such and such technologies. At this level, the use of a formal specification language is more and more considered as the foundation of real verification process. What we would like to emphasize is that the refinement from that model to the point where the system could be implemented could be and should be formal too in order to design systems correct by proven construction. An illustration of this approach is the BHDL tool.


Clinical features characterized by symptoms unexplained by general medical conditions are very common in the clinical practice, accounting for a quarter to half of visits in both primary and secondary medical care facilities. They are currently classified as somatoform disorders (SD) in psychiatry, and as functional somatic syndromes (FSS) in Internal medicine. The diagnostic category of SD has been questioned, and its exclusion has even been proposed in future international classifications. FSS are characterized by symptoms, suffering and incapability rather than by specific diseases, and include but are not limited to fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and several pain syndromes. Overlapping of clinical features raises the question of whether one or several diagnoses are present, both among different FSS and between FSS and SD, also pointing to the comorbidity issue. The same patient may be diagnosed with SD when seen by a psychiatrist, but when referred to a general practitioner he/she could be diagnosed with FSS. An overlapping field is presented, suggesting that modifications should occur in terms of conceptualization, diagnostic classification and therapeutic approach. The study of medically unexplained symptoms demonstrates the need for integrated approaches. Some related experiences of the Program of Care and Studies on Somatization (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo [UNIFESP]) are presented.


This paper discusses a two-piece approach for fabricating two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of tilting MEMS mirrors with application in very-large optical cross-connect switches. In the new process, a two-sided etching of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers is used to create crystalline mirrors on a first wafer that is later aligned and bonded to a separate wafer containing the activation electrodes, traces, and bond pads. The approach allows a very close spacing of mirror elements and a very simple design for the mechanical structures, and also greatly simplifies wire routing.


Abstract : The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) participated in a series of fact-finding meetings sponsored by the Air Force Coordinating Office for Logistics Research to gather information necessary to set the scope for and to implement one or more Blue Two Visits on software. The purpose of a typical Blue Two Visit (BTV) is to introduce to industry's top design engineers and program managers the day-to-day constraints Air Force Maintainers face on front-line operations bases. The participants experience first-hand the effects of design on maintenance. This exposure has been significant in bridging the gap between DoD and industry in understanding, documenting, and supporting Air Force weapon system requirements to increase combat supportability. This report documents discussions, which attempt to address the following questions for a software- oriented BTV; 1) Do software maintainers and users have messages for software designers and programmers?; 2) What are these messages?; 3) How can these be best communicated?; 4) To whom should these messages be targeted:; and 5) What should the BTV be called?


In recent years, cell transplantation has drawn tremendous interest as a novel approach to preserving or even restoring contractile function to infarcted hearts. A typical human infarct involves the loss of approximately 1 billion cardiomyocytes, and, therefore, many investigators have sought to identify endogenous or exogenous stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into committed cardiomyocytes and repopulate lost myocardium. As a result of these efforts, dozens of stem cell types have been reported to have cardiac potential. These include pluripotent embryonic stem cells, as well various adult stem cells resident in compartments including bone marrow, peripheral tissues, and the heart itself. Some of these cardiogenic progenitors have been reported to contribute replacement muscle through endogenous reparative processes or via cell transplantation in preclinical cardiac injury models. However, considerable disagreement exists regarding the efficiency and even the reality of cardiac differentiation by many of these stem cell types, making these issues a continuing source of controversy in the field. In this review, we consider approaches to cell fate mapping and establishing the cardiac phenotype, as well as the present state of the evidence for the cardiogenic and regenerative potential of the major candidate stem cell types.


Clones coding for the two small early light-inducible proteins (ELIP)-gene families of 13.5 and 17 kDa have been used as markers to study the effect of high-light intensities on gene expression in cultivars of barley which were bred for growth in Southern and Northern Europe. The mRNA levels of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHC-II) and the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (SSU) were determined in addition. These data were correlated to the decay of PSII activity during high-light stress and its recovery. In all cultivars, the induction of ELIP mRNAs by high light was accompanied by a correspondent reduction of the LHC-II mRNA level. Furthermore, the LHC-II mRNA levels observed under low-light conditions used for the growth of the plants, were in all cases found to be inversely related to the amount of the ELIP which could be induced by a high-light treatment. In contrast, the amount of the SSU mRNA was reduced only at the highest investigated light intensity of 2 000 μmol m−2 s−1. During recovery from light-stress, the activity of PSII was quickly restored in all European cultivars. Of these cultivars, however, the cv. Otis which expressed the highest ELIP levels recovered considerably faster than the cultivar p4266N which accumulated the lowest amounts of ELIP under high light. Thus, it appears likely that ELIPs contribute to the restoration of PSII activity during and after photoinhibition.


This paper presents an information fusion system based on the Choquet integral for the quality evaluation of composite material parts. The application deals with the detection of typical regions inside parts with the help of images. For this purpose, several attributes related to texture homogeneity and intensity gradient orientation are extracted from the X-ray images of composite material parts. These attributes are transformed into region detection degrees expressed under the form of similarity maps. To improve the detection of the typical regions, a fusion system based on the 2-additive Choquet integral is applied on the similarity maps to take the interactions between attributes into account. An unsupervised learning algorithm is used to estimate the Choquet integral parameters from the reference regions pointed out by experts. The results are compared to those obtained by a previous fusion approach based on the ldquoDecision Templatesrdquo.


Single acute shortage of pulmonary circulation may cause a life threatening condition, its definitive lack--in consequence of developmental trouble--decreased loading and inclination to infections. It's recognition is most easy by non invasive isotope perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy. Frequency, diagnostic difficulties are a little bit known in Hungary, therefore retrospective investigations were performed by the authors. Examining 961 perfusion pulmonary scintigraphic material of a four year (1990-1994) period-among them that of 52 children-in 8 cases total perfusion-lack of one lung-side was found. Surveyng history of 5 children and 3 adults, besides conventional physical and X-ray suspicion-sings, attention is drawn to signs of non-invasive perfusion and aerosol inhalation pulmonary scintigraphy which are more suitable to demonstrate deviations. In the background of severe circulatory trouble there have been found in one infant grave bronchial stenosis, in 4 children--with different age--arteria pulmonalis agenesia at right, and in 1 young adult (with Fallot-tetralogy), ateria pulmonalis agenesia at left. One of the other adults had bronchial carcinoma, and the other massive pulmonary embolisation. In their diagnostic schedule besides isotope investigations, importance of cardiologic echo-examinations, and the bronchoscopy has been stressed respectively. Catheterisation of the heart is important only in selected cases.


The paper analyses Phaedo, 69c, with the aim of answering two questions: 1) why Socrates quote an Orphic text, specifying that it has a hidden meaning (αἰνίττeσθαι), and 2) how he comes to the conclusion that men called βάκχοι by the Orphics are the true philosophers. The repeated alusion to "risk" (κίνδυνος, κινδυνeύω) in the dialog is pointed out and the procedure of αἰνίττeσθαι (a sort of codifying poetic text) as a symbolic manner of referring to deep truth is analysed. On the other hand, it is highlighted how the philosopher considers that requirements for salvation in the τeλeταί (to be μeμυημένος, κeκαθαρμένος, τeτeλeσμένος, βeβακχeυμένος) can only be really reached practising philosophy


The current investigation represents of the synergistic effects of application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) in combination with putrescine (Put) on flowering, productivity, and fruit quality on Ewais mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees during the seasons 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. The selected trees were sprayed at three different stages, including flower bud differentiation, full bloom, and beginning of the fruit set, with one of the following treatments: control, 2% KNO3, 4% KNO3, 50 ppm Put, 75 ppm Put, 2% KNO3 + 50 ppm Put, 2% KNO3 + 75 ppm Put, 4% KNO3 + 50 ppm Put, 4% KNO3 + 75 ppm Put. Results showed that all treatments were successful in improving the productivity of mango trees by increasing flowering terminal shoots, fruit set, fruit retention, number of fruits/tree, yield, and fruit yield increment while reducing the percentage of fruit drop, as well as improving the quality of mango fruits cv. Ewais by increasing fruit length, fruit diameter, TSS, total sugars, V.C, and total phenol and carotenoid content, but at the same time, diminishing the total acidity, as compared with control. Based on this research, the application of 4% KNO3 in conjunction with 75 ppm Putrescine has shown the most prominent advances in enhancing Ewais tree productivity and fruit quality. The investigation successfully highlighted the synergistic effect of using KNO3 and putrescine to improve mango fruit yield and quality.


Abstract This essay explores the activities of strikers at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL over a 14 day-period in the early spring of 2018. These days were part of the 2018 University and College Union (UCU) Pension Strike, one of the largest strikes of university academics in recent times, which occurred over a 4-week period, with strike days increasing from two days in the first week, to five by the final week. This was a strike to protect the pensions of university workers as a defined benefit scheme rather than a defined contribution one. This essay is structured as a two-stranded diary, weaving together textual materials taken from the Strike chronicle and website produced at the time, with critical reflections written in the present, concerning the current state of the neo-liberal university, discussing issues relating to pensions – namely institutional critique, ethics and equity, labor and work, precarity and care.


Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of calendaring process parameters on performance properties of needle-punched nonwoven materials including recycled polyester (r-PET) fiber. For this purpose; nonwoven materials produced by carding and needling processes with two different blend ratios have been calendered with different temperatures and roll clearances. The physical and performance properties of the samples such as thickness, bulk density, abrasion resistance, water absorption properties have been determined according to the standard test methods. The results derived from the tests were statistically evaluated by Design Expert® software and the effects of chosen parameters on physical and performance properties of the samples were assessed. It was observed that additional thermal bonding process with calendering enhanced the performance properties compared to non-calendered samples and the excessive increase in calendering parameters yields to decrease in abrasion resistance and water absorption capacity.


(1) Polymorphism is the occurrence together in the same habitat of two or more distinct forms of a species in such proportions that the rarest of them cannot be maintained by recurrent mutation. (2) If a genetically controlled form occurs in even a few per cent, of a population it must have been favoured by selection. (3) Polymorphism may either be transient, in which a gene is in process of spreading through a population unopposed, or balanced, in which it is maintained at a fixed level by a balance of selective agencies. (4) Owing to the recurrent nature of mutation, transient polymorphism is generally due to changes in the environment, which make the effects of a previously disadvantageous gene beneficial. (5) A notable instance of transient polymorphism is provided by industrial melanism. (6) The explanation of this phenomenon, either on a basis of simple selection for the black forms in industrial country or of induced mutation, produced by mineral salts in the food, cannot be supported. (7) On the contrary, industrial melanism is probably due to the spread of genes improving the viability of the species, but those responsible for excess melanin production could not be used in normal circumstances, for this destroys cryptic colouring. It is now known that the genes giving rise to industrial melanism occur as rarities in the ordinary population, and that they confer a greater viability than the normal forms which they have been unable to replace. Such genes can, however, be used in industrial areas, where black colouring is a less serious handicap. (8) The variability involved in balanced polymorphism may either be environmental or genetic. (9) A balanced polymorphism generally involves a high degree of permanence in the ratios of the respective forms. (10) Variations in the relative frequencies of polymorphic forms may, however, follow cycles in absolute numbers. (11) Polymorphic forms may be distributed as clines, which may or may not lead from groups which are monomorphic. (12) Though balanced polymorphism necessitates the existence of a switch mechanism determining alternative types, these are themselves capable of genetic adjustment within the framework of the polymorphism. (13) A special kind of balanced polymorphism is associated with close linkage dependent upon sectional translocations of the chromosomes. (14) The polymorphism of heterostyled plants is due rather to the physiological than the morphological differences between the forms. (15) Sex itself is a true balanced polymorphism, environmentally or genetically controlled. (16) The human polymorphisms include the ability to taste phenyl‐thio‐urea in low concentrations and the blood groups (and conditions related to them). The relative claims of the transient and the balanced systems of polymorphisms are considered for each of them.


I am not one of those careless critics whom Charles F. Mullett roguishly berates for never reading the prefaces, and therefore failing to appreciate the intent of the books which they undertake to judge: I have read the author's spirited apologia pro libro suo. If I must yet deny myself the pleasure of bestowing unstinted praise on the volume under review I do not, I trust, labor under any misapprehension, nor indeed do I intend to question the accomplishment, of what the author has set out to do. The objection is to Mullett's rank antiquarianism, that is to say, to his obvious reluctance to spare the weary reader the least little shred of information he has managed to unearth. Of course we are all tempted to display our erudition; but we ought to remember that the writing of history, like other artistic pursuits, requires first and foremost a ruthless determination to "leave out." It is only fair that this blunt statement of what I consider the main weakness of Mullett's book be followed by an equally straightforward acknowledgement of its considerable merits. Some of the material amassed by the author should be of interest not only to the student of early public health practices, but also to the historian of medicine and the demographer. Even the economic historian may derive some profit from reading a book that reminds him of the fact, not always sufficiently realized, that dislocation and anxiety engendered by epidemics or the expectation of epidemic outbreaks must have powerfully retarded economic growth in preindustrial society.


Political candidates are increasingly utilizing social media in their campaign strategies. For example, of the 78 gubernatorial candidates in the 2014 U.S. elections, 76 actively tweeted messages in the months leading up to the election. In this paper we report on the initial stages of an ongoing project examining the messaging practices of these candidates on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, as well as the discussions around the candidates. The work presented here focuses on the explicit referencing (@mentioning) practices on Twitter among the 2014 gubernatorial candidates. Studies of election messaging online are certainly not new. Xenos and Foot (2005) provide an in-depth study of candidate messaging practices on Web pages during the 2002 U.S. election cycle and found that candidates communicated their position on issues far more frequently than they engaged in campaign issue dialogue. That is, candidates tended to avoid directly or indirectly mentioning their opponents, depriving voters of a clear understanding of where they stand. Stromer-Galley's (2000) assessment of the 1996 presidential and 1998 gubernatorial campaigns found that candidates actively avoided on-line interaction with their opponents on their websites. More recent scholarship exploring politician's messaging on Twitter (Golbeck, Grimes, & Rogers, 2010;; Hemphill, Otterbacher & Shapiro, 2013) finds that members of congress use social media as a broadcast mechanism, rather than as a mechanism for interaction with constituents. A common theme in these studies has been in determining if Internet technologies promote transparency and deliberation. Our work differs from this stance in that we focus specifically on @mentioning behavior among our gubernatorial candidates on Twitter. We consider @mentioning a means to engage in a publicly visible conversation with a specific candidate. Thus, we conceptualize @mentions as a form of direct campaign dialogue (Xenos and Foot, 2005). Based on Xenos and Foot's (2005) work, we expect our incumbent candidates to engage in direct campaign issue dialog less frequently than challengers. By examining messages utilizing machine learning trained with manually coded data, our intent is to provide insight into the differences in campaign dialogue practices among challengers and incumbents, democrats and republicans, as well as inter and intra-state.


duced by Costabel was sent to Pelisson on 8 January 1692. It is clearly a result of Leibniz's attempts to clarify and present in a coherent form the issues and arguments raised in his intellectual struggles with Papin. That Costabel should make no mention of the influence of the Papin controversy on the content of one of his two 'texts of 1692' leaves an important omission in his otherwise competent and thorough analysis of a brief but crucial period in the development of Lebnizian dynamics. CAROLYN ILTIS


Public accounting newcomers develop skills and adopt social norms to become a "professional" through the process of organizational socialization. Prior research explores the socialization of accounting professionals in a traditional, face-to-face work environment, where newcomers largely learn from the observation of role models. Extended office closures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity to examine socialization in a remote work environment. Using a field survey of 109 experienced Big 4 accounting professionals, we explore the impact of remote work on the socialization of newcomers. Respondents report widespread concern across all areas of remote socialization, including a lower ability to learn about firm expectations and a lower ability to form the coworker bonds necessary to work in teams and develop organizational commitment. Responses from auditors (compared to tax professionals) suggest that remote socialization is particularly challenging within the auditing profession, with new auditors less able to develop appropriate client communication skills and appropriate client relationships. Auditors also fear that future audit quality could be compromised by newcomers who will lack the skills to be "good seniors" (due to the shortcomings of their remote socialization). Respondents provide recommendations to mitigate concerns about remote socialization, yet more than 90% of respondents believe that newcomers need to be present on certain days each week. Results and implications are provided to assist accounting firms as they consider expanding remote work arrangements beyond the pandemic.


The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.


Chemistry and Pharmacology of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds Goutam Brahmachari Impact of Solid-Supported Cyclization-Elimination Strategies toward the Development of Natural Product Inspired Molecules in Drug Discovery Research Dhananjay Kumar, Bhuwan B. Mishra, Divya Kushwaha, and Vinod K. Tiwari Synthesis and Biological Studies of Novel ss-Lactams Bimal K. Banik Applications of Isatin Chemistry in Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry Girija S. Singh and Zelalem Y. Desta Role of Organic Carbamates in Anticancer Drug Design Devdutt Chaturvedi Rational Design of New Molecules of Biological Significance from Phenolic Constituents of Some Tropical Plants as Renewable Materials Vladimir V. Kouznetsov, Diego R. Merchan Arenas, Fernando A. Rojas Ruiz, and Leonor Y. Vargas Mendez Synthesis and Biological Activity of Promising Azole Marine Products: Largazole and Neopeltolide Danilo Davyt and Gloria Serra Omega-3 (omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Philip C. Calder Structure and Biological Activity of Natural Melanin Pigments Krystyna Stepien, Anna Dzierzega-Lecznar, Irena Tam, and Slawomir Kurkiewicz Recent Acquisitions on Naturally Occurring Oxyprenylated Secondary Plant Metabolites Francesco Epifano and Salvatore Genovese Role of Curcumin in Ameliorating Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Sumit Sarkar, Balmiki Ray, Jay Sharma, Larry Schmued, and Debomoy K. Lahiri Plant Metabolites Marina P. Polovinka and Nariman F. Salakhutdinov X-Ray Structural Behavior of Some Significant Bioactive Steroids and Their Chemistry in the Crystal Packing and Related Matters Vivek K. Gupta Three-Dimensional Structure of Xanthones Luis Gales and Ana M. Damas Gambogic Acid Goutam Brahmachari Neuroplasticity as a New Approach to the Pathophysiology of Depression and the Role of Antidepressants in Inhibiting Brain Stress-Induced Changes Gianluca Serafini, Maurizio Pompili, and Paolo Girardi Statins Vincent Gullo and Arnold L. Demain Molecular Aspects of Fungal Bioactive Polyketides Ira Bhatnagar and Se-Kwon Kim Marine Microalgal Metabolites S.W.A. Himaya and Se-Kwon Kim Rosmarinic Acid Juan C. Luis, Maria Y. Gonzalez-Padron, Raquel M. Perez, Ignacio F. Viera, and Francisco V. Gonzalez Enhancement of Natural Antioxidants in Plants by Biosynthetic Pathway Modulation Kanakapura K. Namitha and Pradeep S. Negi Plant as Biofactories of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Dandara R. Muniz, Raquel de Oliveira Faria, Vagner Augusto Benedito, Angelo de Fatima, and Luzia Valentina Modolo


The E/E (Electrical/Electronic) Architecture is the key enabler for new innovative user functions in the automotive domain. The E/E Architecture needs to manage the complexity of the E/E System in a cost-efficient manner. This is a fact for all domains developing mass-produced distributed systems containing embedded software. However, many companies in these domains are missing a clear description of the development process for E/E Architectures. In addition, the relation between development of E/E Architectures and the development of E/E Systems is not clear. This paper proposes a development process for E/E Architectures in the automotive domain. Furthermore, it shows the relation between development of E/E Architectures and development of E/E Systems. The development process is based on post mortem analysis of E/E System development projects conducted at an automotive company during the period 1998-2009, and it was validated in an E/E Architecture development project conducted during the period 2010-2011. The contribution of this paper is a detailed E/E System development process describing how to create and maintain an E/E Architecture and how to refine this into a Product-specific Architecture in Product development projects. Furthermore, the paper reports on experiences from working with RA development both as a small stand-alone company with few different products, and as part of a large global company with several different products.


An aerothermodynamic model for a widely used industrial gas turbine engine compressor has been developed for studying in-situ compressor deterioration due to atmospheric fouling at high power settings. The model is developed using available geometrical dimensions of the compressor annulus. It is based on a mean line stage stacking method utilizing the basic turbomachinery equations. The model requires minimum inputs (mass flow, compressor speed, ambient conditions) from the instrument sensors and derives all the necessary information (compressor discharge temperature and pressure, isentropic efficiency, and power) that defines overall performance. The validity of the model was confirmed by comparing the results with the field tests and excellent agreement was achieved. The model is very economical in operation and is fully capable of detecting small changes that occur in the compressor due to fouling.Copyright © 1993 by ASME


The growing ecological footprint tends to dwindling of ecological resilience. Deforestation and forest degradation, specifically, are unavoidable in any country with virgin forests. For the last ten years, there have been unsuccessful attempts to cease farming in the highland forest of Arbagugu Controlled Hunting Area (ACHA). The ultimate objective of this study was to assess determinants that oversee the ultimatum for habitation in the highland forest region of Arbagugu district. Thus, 244 (50% of them permanently dwell in forest region) household heads were identified using random sampling techniques. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to analyze data. Binary logistic regression model analysis of dependent variable that showed demand to dwell in forest region permanently and own land but not dwell in the forest region. The findings of the study showed that education status, amount of farmland outside of forest region, residence time, expert visit and knowhow of the forest border were significantly contributed to permanently reside in highland forest region at five percent (5%) probability level. Similarly, weak institutions, overridden roles and untapped institutions contributed for fruitless practices of forest management. Marginalization of local communities and imposition of institutional interests were created local communities negligence. Therefore, empowerment of local communities, livelihood diversification, cooperation and collaboration among/between government institutions, and support from NGOs could bring betterment of highland forest management. Keywords : Arbagugu CHA, Forest habitants, Forest management, Institutions, Logistic model


The design of an FM-AM receiver poses a variety of problems peculiar to the automobile environment. Techniques relating to AM performance are well known and will not be covered in this paper except where FM and AM circuitry are common or possibility of interference exists. The FM problems encountered are those concerned with the design of any good quality FM receiver plus those associated with satisfactory performance under greatly varying signal conditions: ambient temperature ranges of -20°F to +140°F and impulsive interference from the automobile in which the receiver is installed, other automobiles, and other sources of noise.


Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a mycobacterial infection in which the mycobacteria have spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph system. We report a 38-year-old patient who presented with fever and severe weakness for five days. His initial workup in the emergency room showed severe hypokalemia resistant to multiple doses of potassium replacement. The patient later showed features of meningitis. His cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed tuberculous meningitis. After starting on anti-tuberculous medications, his hypokalemia improved significantly. Sputum culture was positive for TB, and the patient labeled as disseminated TB. Despite severe hypokalemia being a rare association with TB, disseminated TB can be considered the possible cause in patients presenting with severe hypokalemia and fever. Renal tubular defect could be the proposed mechanism causing potassium losing nephropathy.


The paper deals with the analysis of methods used in oncological establishments of the USSR in 1968-1972 and 1974-1980 to treat 19,864 patients with gastric cancer. Stage I or II tumors were identified in 10%, stage III-38 and IV-in 52% of cases. Radical treatment was performed in 34% of hospitalized patients. Surgery remains the most frequent procedure to be used for the treatment of stomach cancer including stage IV. Higher rate of radical treatment can be assured if, on the one hand, fewer patients refuse from operation and, on the other, fewer refusals are justified by concomitant pathology and old age.


Introduction . Infectious endocarditis (IE) caused by microorganisms Burkholderia cepacia is a very rare and poorly characterized form of endocarditis. Material and methods . We observed a case of late prosthetic mitral valve IE caused by Burkholderia cepacia in a 34-year-old patient. Results . A patient with a congenital ventricular septum defect underwent surgery on the heart three times in past, including the resection of mitral valve vegetations due to IE at age 17 and mitral valve replacement plus ventricular septum defect plastic reconstruction at 33 years old. The last was complicated by postoperative purulent sterno-mediastenitis treated by thoracoplasty. 10 months later the fever with chills appeared again, a large vegetation on a mitral valve prosthesis was revealed, and Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia with multidrug resistance to antibiotics was find. After the start of treatment with trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, normal temperature was observed, but the course of IE was complicated by thromboembolism with a fatal outcome. Conclusions . Multidrug resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics, including those empirically prescribed for IE, is the main risk factor for the adverse outcome of IE caused by Burkholderia cepacia. The lack of generally accepted recommendations determining the doses of antibiotics prescribed in accordance with the microorganism sensitivity is the problem still present in Burkholderia cepacia IE treatment.


Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is based on the hypothesis that the sentinel lymph node (SLN) reflects the lymph-node status and a negative SLN might allow complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to be avoided. Although the survival outcome is still unknown, this technique has already become a standard of care for breast cancer patients. However, it is still important to discuss current techniques and some controversies. This article reviews these issues for a variety of SLNB techniques.


Vegetative Treatment Systems have historically been a practice for the treatment and utilization of open lot livestock wastes. Use of these systems has been rejuvenated in recent years. A "sprinkler" vegetative treatment area (VTA) has been designed and developed as a proof of concept for addressing challenges experienced with small and medium Animal Feeding Operations. The focus of this paper is to report on the design, economics, challenges and the lessons learned on the development of this system. Cost data shows the cost of a "sprinkler" VTS to range between $31 to $63/head, compared to $51 to $170/head for a conventional holding pond system.


Spasers have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed and promise to deliver new exciting nanophotonic and biomedical applications. Here we theoretically investigate ultrafast dynamical properties of spasers with external plasmonic feedback. We consider a spaser both as a nanoscale source and detector of plasmons which could be used to design novel nano-imaging and sensing techniques. We show that, as with conventional lasers, spasers are sensitive to external feedback. However, unlike the lasers, spasers have faster relaxation dynamics which could be used to develop new ultrasensitive near field imaging techniques. We investigate the dependence of spaser relaxation oscillations on feedback parameters and show that quantum coherence can be used to increase the sensitivity to feedback.


In this study we aim to present a theoretical framework which focuses on the development of capitalism in the late-developed capitalist countries. Therefore, in the first part we shortly but critically dwell on the concept of lateness which is widely used in the development literature. In the second part, we express the internationalization of capital as a "terminus a quo" of the late capitalist development. For this, firstly, the concept of internationalization of capital is discussed basing on Marx's labour theory of value. We especially dwell on the circuits of capital which is developed in the second volume of Capital. And then some important Marxist scholars' subsequent approaches are examined. These scholars especially focus on the internationalization of capital and its relation with the late capitalist development. In the last part, the internationalization process of capital is addressed in two complementary periods: "early stage" and "advance stage". In addition to the detailed analysis of the principal forms of internationalizing capital, we determine the principal capital accumulation forms for late capitalist countries in line with these periods. We depict these forms through capital circuits analysis which was developed by Marx.


Cabbage seed (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group cv. Golden Acre) germinated in aerated water went through a pre- and post-radicle emergence separation by specific gravity to separate germinated from nongerminated seed. The desired specific gravity solutions were made with maltrin 250 and water. The percent germinated seed after separation was 99.3; recovery of germinated seed was 95.1%. A metering system was developed to precision plant the germinated seed. Metering rates of 0.5 and 2.0 seed/second were tested in the laboratory and greenhouse. Laboratory tests resulted in 5.7% doubles and 4.9% skips at 2.0 seed/second. Greenhouse test seedling emergence test resulted in 8% doubles and 15.6% skips at the fast rate. Spacing uniformity was acceptable for all tests.


Interactivities between a student and computers are important and necessary for the learning of new concepts. Interactivities in MITS include editing the score via a GUI facility; capturing student behaviours during tutorial sessions (e.g. queries, stream of action-events which include performing input) and communicating in aural mode (e.g. singing, playing of acoustic instruments). In this report, we briefly discuss contemporary music educations then we review interactivities issues in some music intelligent tutoring systems. Finally, we present a screen shot of our current work. The GUI-design of the system aims to facilitate interactivities that support the learning of musical skills. Keywords: Interactivies in learning music, GUI for music tutoring systems.


Foaming Agent company is a company engaged in the chemical industrial manufacturing, especially the additive industry for plastic and synthetic rubber. In the production process, the Foaming Agent Company has a problem with one of its products, Azodicarbonamide (ADCA). The number of defects caused becomes a problem primarily related to the course of production and the relationship with the customer. The research was conducted using the Six Sigma method by implementing DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). This study aims to identify the factors that cause defects and the most optimal choice of options to increase the level of sigma in the ADCA production process. Based on the results the most significant aspects that cause defects in ADCA products is Average Particle Size; 66.77% of the overall production defects. The sigma level that obtained before and after the improvisation is 3.68 and 4.03 with the average achieved savings per month are Rp.600 million. The results of the gradual decrease in defects showed that the options implemented at the improvisation stage were successful, but still needed improvisation so that the company's performance can be even better


A Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase) E.C. 220.127.116.11 enzyme is capable of converting starch and related substrates into ii, i¢ and i§ cyclodextrins in different ratio. They are currently seen as highly interesting industrial enzymes because of their broad substrate specificity.Apositive alkalophilic strain was isolated fromthe soil sample capable of producing CGTase as Bacillus lehensis SV1 and characterized by 16s rDNAstudies and Phylogenetic analysis. The CGTase activity was assayed by phenolphthalein method using starch as substrate. CGTase was purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified CGTase was a monomer showed a molecular mass of 40±1 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and a 42.6-fold purificationwith a 29.03%yield. The optimum pH is at two pH range 5.0 and 8.0 and temperature 60ae%C. The Km and Vmax was found to be 1.03mg/ml and 0.241mg/min respectively.Metal ions like MgSO4 and FeSO4 exhibited highest activity and MgSO4 and CaCl2 inhibited CGTase at higher concentrations. The isolated CGTase can be used in development of drug delivery agents and inclusion complexes.


As the crowning achievement of Chinese classical tales, Pu Songling (1640-1715)'s Liaozhai zhiyi has enjoyed a prolific literary afterlife in the centuries following its completion around 1705. It has not only spawned a huge number of imitations, translations, adaptations, and sequels, but also lent inspiration to world-renowned writers such as Franz Kafka, Lafcadio Hearn, Jorge Luis Borges, and Mo Yan. Focusing on the period between 1880 and 1920, this dissertation examines some of the earliest responses to Pu Songling's classical tales in the realm of world literature, arguing that they are simultaneously mediums of both "enchantment" and "disenchantment of the world" (Max Weber's notion). Through a discussion of how these literary responses reinterpret Pu Songling's classical tales in relation to Post-Enlightenment views of reality, this dissertation reflects on how the issue of enchantment is intertwined with the discursive construction of notions of Chinese culture at the turn of the twentieth century. ,The dissertation consists of three interrelated chapters, ordered chronologically. In Chapter One, I examine Herbert A. Gile's 1880 Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio as a polemical translation and a critical study of Chinese culture, exemplifying what Carlo Ginzburg calls the "conjectural paradigm." Contextualizing Giles' translation among treaty-port translations of the Liaozhai, the Victorian translation of Oriental texts, and the emergence of the human sciences in nineteenth-century Britain, this chapter discusses how the renowned British sinologist scrutinized the Liaozhai tales for clues about Chinese religious beliefs, and made supposedly "scientific" inferences about Chinese culture using techniques he learned from contributors to the Victorian science of religion. Giles' contention with the contemporary discourse about a superstitious China in the Strange Stories, I argue, reflects his conviction that the Liaozhai is not only an ethnographic record reflecting mainly Confucian ethics but also a multi-layered palimpsest, in which a stratum of primitive animism survives and recurs in the more sophisticated cultural imaginations that have overlaid the original material. ,Chapter Two examines Wang Tao's experiment with the serialization of classical tales during the golden age of Chinese lithography. Restoring his Songyin tushuo series (also known as Hou Liaozhai) from "text" to "work", this chapter challenges some of the widespread views regarding its classification and examines important interactions between his installments and contemporary lithographically-printed collections of classical tales, including illustrated editions of the Liaozhai. Examining Wang Tao's tales as part of the literary supplement section of the Dianshizhai Pictorial, this chapter further discusses the lithographic medium's impact on Wang Tao's construction of a particular recurring motif that conveys mediated visions of enchantment. ,Chapter Three discusses the imitation and transformation of the Liaozhai tales in two Fan Liaozhai series written after 1900, in the form of counter-narratives. Contextualizing the two series within the "new fiction" (xin xiaoshuo) movement and the anti-superstition campaign at the turn of the twentieth century, this chapter examines the resurfacing of the strange elements from the Liaozhai within the confines of the series' transitory supernatural plots, while characterizing their rational re-interpretation at the end of each tale as an obligatory but perfunctory attempt to obliterate enchantment. I argue that although the two series use modern literary devices such as individualized perception and figural consciousness to reconcile strange elements from the Liaozhai collection with Post-Enlightenment rationality, they deviate significantly from the anti-supernatural rhetoric they ostensibly adopt and do not ultimately fulfill a disenchantment agenda.


We present a collection of stability results for finite difference approximations to the advection-diffusion equation $u_t\ = a u_x\ + b u_{xx}$. The results are for centered difference schemes in space and include explicit and implicit schemes in time up to fourth order and schemes that use different space and time discretizations for the advective and diffusive terms. The results are derived from a uniform framework based on the Schur-Cohn theory of Simple von Neumann Polynomials and are necessary and sufficient for the stability of the Cauchy problem. Some of the results are believed to be new.


Due to the expected value of English proficiency for living in a global society, acquiring English proficiency has become a major concern for many people in Korea. This attention is because people in Korea believe English is providing them with premium opportunities to better their lives such as being admitted to prestigious schools or getting high-paying jobs. The differential investment in learning English thus has yielded a new form of social inequality, dividing people between the English rich and the English poor. Perceiving the potential negative effects of the English divide and the importance of equipping Koreans' English proficiency, the Korean government has put effort and strategic investment into improving public English education in Korea. Studies on policies have often been presented in a multilingual context where the concept of language policies, language education policies, foreign language policies, and English language education policies are somewhat blurred. Looking at the English education policies in a monolingual society like Korea exclusively can present a focused view on the effectiveness of English education policies. This study presents the key policies put into practice to improve the quality of English education in Korea and highlights secondary teachers' responses to those policies in attaining the policy goals. A total of 1039 secondary teachers working in Daegu participated in the survey administered twice: 557 in 2010 and 482 in 2016. The perceptual changes are discussed with the participants' comments included in the results. The study will provoke discussion and intuition for managing English education policies in similar contexts.


This paper examines the status of boundaries in organizational theory. Tacitly if not explicitly, most researchers view organizations as bounded, tightly coupled and more or less rational systems. Yet organizations may also be open, loosely coupled, hierarchically nested systems whose boundaries are indefinite. In the case of China, incomplete separation of firms from the state, incomplete integration of firms and partial listing of assets have left most Chinese firms with indefinite boundaries. While many Chinese firms are disadvantaged by indefinite boundaries, some have managed their boundaries advantageously. The Chinese group corporation described here has resisted interference from its state owners, one of whom tried but failed to turn it into a captive supplier. It has secured full operational and financial control of subsidiaries despite their independent legal status, fractional local government ownership, and local government representation on their boards. And it has successfully funded and executed an aggressive acquisition strategy and now dominates its industry globally. There are lessons specific to the Chinese context. The most important is that boundaries should be assumed indefinite unless shown otherwise. And there are lessons about firms in emerging economies. Indefinite boundaries are characteristic of such firms; indefinite boundaries pose either threats or opportunities depending on the strategic response; lastly managing indefinite boundaries will be a key strategic priority and a precondition of finding and exploiting market opportunities.


In respect with the guiding principle of this chronicle to estimate connections between liberalization of international trade and non-trade values, this new edition illustrates new conflicts of values. This almost double year of awards of the Dispute Settlement Body is characterized by the focus put on the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement at the heart of several disputes: United States – Clove Cigarettes, United States – Cool, United States – Tuna II. Some and new lightings on several key points of this agreement are brought by the trade jurisdiction, the interpretations of which turn out more or less favorable to the protection of « legitimate objectives », mainly entended as non trade values. At the same time, the usual questioning about the possible using of non trade values at some economic interests still remains; indeed, suspicions of protectionism are coming back, from an edition to another (see China – Raw Materials). Although reprehensible, these national protectionisms are understandable whenever they are justified by the need to save some of a national economic activity.


Dictyostelium discoideum is a useful system to study the biosynthesis of lysosomal enzymes because of the relative ease with which it can be manipulated genetically and biochemically. Previous studies have revealed that lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in vegetatively growing amoebae as glycosylated precursor polypeptides that are phosphorylated and sulfated on their N-linked oligosaccharide side-chains upon arrival in the Golgi complex. The precursor polypeptides are membrane associated until they are proteolytically processed and deposited as soluble mature enzymes in lysosomes. In this paper we review biochemical experiments designed to determine the roles of post-translational modification, acidic pH compartments, and proteolytic processing in the transport and sorting of lysosomal enzymes. We also describe molecular genetic approaches that are being employed to study the biosynthesis of these enzymes. Mutants altered in the sorting and secretion of lysosomal enzymes are being analyzed biochemically, and we describe recent efforts to clone the genes coding for three lysosomal enzymes in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the targeting of these enzymes.


The complete molecule of the title complex, [Cu3(C15H13N2O3)2(C5H5N)2], is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the central Cu atom lying on the rotation axis: it is coordinated by two N,O-bidentate ligands in a trans-CuN2O2 distorted square-planar arrangement. The other Cu atom is coordinated by an N,O,O′-tridentate ligand and a pyridine molecule in a distorted trans-CuN2O2 arrangement. In the crystal structure, a C—H⋯π interaction occurs.


With progressive climate change, the preservation of biodiversity is becoming increasingly important. Only if the gene pool is large enough and requirements of species are diverse, there will be species that can adapt to the changing circumstances. To maintain biodiversity, we must understand the consequences of the various strategies. Mathematical models of population dynamics could provide prognoses. However, a model that would reproduce and explain the mechanisms behind the diversity of species that we observe experimentally and in nature is still needed. A combination of theoretical models with detailed experiments is needed to test biological processes in models and compare predictions with outcomes in reality.
In this thesis, several food webs are modeled and analyzed. Among others, models are formulated of laboratory experiments performed in the Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne. Numerical data of the simulations is in good agreement with the real experimental results. Via numerical simulations it can be demonstrated that few assumptions are necessary to reproduce in a model the sustained oscillations of the population size that experiments show. However, analysis indicates that species "thrown together by chance" are not very likely to survive together over long periods. Even larger food nets do not show significantly different outcomes and prove how extraordinary and complicated natural diversity is. In order to produce such a coexistence of randomly selected species—as the experiment does—models require additional information about biological processes or restrictions on the assumptions. Another explanation for the observed coexistence is a slow extinction that takes longer than the observation time. Simulated species survive a comparable period of time before they die out eventually.
Interestingly, it can be stated that the same models allow the survival of several species in equilibrium and thus do not follow the so-called competitive exclusion principle. This state of equilibrium is more fragile, however, to changes in nutrient supply than the oscillating coexistence.
Overall, the studies show, that having a diverse system means that population numbers are probably oscillating, and on the other hand oscillating population numbers stabilize a food web both against demographic noise as well as against changes of the habitat.
Model predictions can certainly not be converted at their face value into policies for real ecosystems. But the stabilizing character of fluctuations should be considered in the regulations of animal populations.


In heavy-tailed data, such as data drawn from regularly varying models, extreme values can occur relatively often. As a consequence, in the context of hypothesis testing, extreme values can provide valuable information in identifying dependence between two data sets. In this paper, the error exponent of a dependence test is studied when only processed data recording whether or not the value of the data exceeds a given value is available. An asymptotic approximation of the error exponent is obtained, establishing a link with the upper tail dependence, which is a key quantity in extreme value theory. While the upper tail dependence has been well characterized for elliptically distributed models, much less is known in the non-elliptical setting. To this end, a family of non-elliptical distributions with regularly varying tails arising from shot noise is studied, and an analytical expression for the upper tail dependence derived.


The technologies employed for monitoring transformers have been evolving over the last 10 or more years to the point where they are now commonly accepted, and have been demonstrated to provide useful data on the key parameters and components of critical power transformers. A major aspect of these technologies has been the accumulation of copious amounts of data, and the associated problem, of what to do with it all. With time and resources in short supply to do a proper analysis of this data, to turn it into useful transformer information, there needs to be a new set of technologies and techniques implemented. The advent of new methods of data modeling and interpretation using statistical analysis, rule based, and artificial intelligence systems is now moving from the research stage to practical field implementation. The industry has a very real need to move from "just monitoring" equipment to the point of being able to have the knowledge of the operating condition of the equipment and when things begin to go wrong, diagnose the problem to provide a recommended course of action.


Brazil has moved up in the international innovation scenario and is ranked as the eighth largest economy in the world, being able to develop technology, especially due to its great biodiversity. However, Brazil has been placed as the one of the five less innovative countries in the world, in a list of fifty countries. Brazil has also been evaluated as having -15% of development in 2015, in comparison to 2014. Indeed, the low number of innovation in Brazil may be caused due to the presence of several barriers in the Brazilian system, which, among others, are the lack of proper innovation policies, up-to-date regulations (their interpretation and application), as well as the level and the quality of education of the people. The present work aims to analyze Brazil, over its innovation scenario, going through the analysis of the applicable rules in the country and the administrative procedures, the Brazilian companies' behavior, and the existent bureaucracy in the Brazilian system. For that, the jurisprudence of the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office in the prosecution of industrial property and the recordal of transfer of technology agreements were object of this analysis. Furthermore, it was held a comparison with the German system and some shocking differences were revealed, mostly related to both Brazilian and German legislation and policies, but also connected to the degree of modernization of the German Patent Office in relation to the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office. It was verified that the privation of good and clear innovation policies in Brazil ends up on the underdevelopment of Brazilian researches; institutions and companies. Moreover, it was revealed that the modernization of both legislation and administrative procedures are necessary, which may directly reflect in the increase of number of patents filing/granting and innovation launching. Regarding the education of Brazilian technicians, the scenario is not good: Brazil has great lack of infrastructure and self-knowledge. Consequently, fewer or not prepared professionals in relation to those from developed countries. Further, the students of fundamental education are not interested on future scientific studies and careers.


The paper considers two-body dry abrasive wear of a series of chromium carbide base cermets with different amounts of Ni binder (10-50 wt%) using a "block on abrasive grinding wheel" test machine. The wear coefficient of the cermets reduces with the increase of Cr3C2 content in the composite, which corresponds to an increase in the bulk hardness. The volume wear increases approximately linearly with increasing sliding distance. The wear tracks of the worn blocks after run were analysed using SEM to determine the wear mechanisms. The wear mechanism of Cr3C2-Ni cermets depends on the carbide/binder ratio. Material is actually removed by several processes, which include groove formation and the formation of cracks by fatigue under repeated abrasion.


In this paper, we study the problem of solving Seal's type partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) for the classical compound Poisson risk model. A data-driven deep neural network (DNN) method is proposed to calculate finite-time survival probability, and an alternative scheme is also investigated when claim payments are exponentially distributed. The DNN method is then extended to the numerical solution of generalized PIDEs. Numerical approximation results under different claim distributions are given, which show that the proposed scheme can obtain accurate results under different claim distributions.


Background: The association between physician gender and the outcomes of stroke patients is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes after stroke hospitalization between patients who received female physicians' care (FPC) vs male physicians' care (MPC).
Methods: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database 2000-2009 claims data to conduct a stroke cohort study that included 493,223 hospitalized stroke patients. Using a matching procedure by propensity score, we selected 25,160 stroke patients with FPC and 25,160 stroke patients with MPC for comparison. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of poststroke complications and in-hospital mortality between patients with FPC and MPC.
Results: Compared with patients with MPC, stroke patients with FPC had significantly lower risks of poststroke pneumonia (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.94), septicemia (0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.88), acute renal failure (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.95), admission to the intensive care unit (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77), and 30-day in-hospital mortality (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.75). However, the risk of urinary tract infection (OR 1.16, 95% 1.09-1.23) was higher in patients with FPC than in those with MPC. Lower rates of poststroke adverse events in patients with FPC were noted in further analysis, including different morbidities and various types of stroke.
Conclusions: Stroke patients with FPC showed reduced complications and mortality compared with MPC patients. Our findings warrant randomized control trials in the future to validate the influence of physician gender on stroke outcomes.


This paper presents a study carried out on a weighted fair queuing implementation for Unix routers-the WFQ implementation of the ALTQ project. It shows the WFQ/ALTQ weaknesses and explains why we cannot expect an interesting behavior from a system using such a scheduler. The conclusions here presented are supported by a set of tests using UDP traffic only. With a tool developed in our laboratory, we were able to show that changing the classes' weights does not necessarily result on a different quality of service for each of the existing classes. To achieve this differentiation, the lengths of the queues which serve the scheduler (one for each class) must be increased beyond reasonable values. We found that the low-level dynamics of FreeBSD systems practically turns WFQ schedulers useless. The same is applicable to any other work-conserving discipline. Thus, an important conclusion of this paper, is that one must design very carefully the platforms that support work conserving disciplines in order to expect adequate behaviors from those systems, in terms of QoS provision.


This theoretical model-based study is aimed to answer an applied but system-related question, relevant to multiple current studies and general audience: Is it better for human health and the environment to consume extra portion of food or throw it in the garbage (for further treatment)? The question has deep conceptual roots and requires a holistic approach to assessing a few complex systems: food production, food waste treatment and medical treatment activities. According to estimations, there are around 3.05-7.2 Mtonnes of avoidable food waste generated by German consumers at the household level. Simultaneously, high levels of food overconsumption are also observed at the household level. Thus, more than half of all Germans are overweight and obese and a high share of them require additional medical treatment resources. The study compared the environmental impact of treating potentially avoidable food waste with current waste management system in Germany to the hypothetical scenario of consuming such amount of food by the existing population. The results indicated that current waste management system is more beneficial for the environment than consuming excessive food by German population and requesting related medical services in categories of global warming potential (0.128 versus 0.6-2.4 Mtonnes CO 2 eq.), energy demand (-21 versus 16-66 PJ) and water footprint (-1607 versus 13.2-53 million m 3).However, land use impact allocated to other healthcare due to food consumed by humans is 13-80% lower than current waste treatment. Another danger of consuming excessive food relates to accumulated risks and further increased demand for health services. Following years would worsen the situation, making a choice for "food waste avoided" diet unfeasible. The results received do not allow for a simple Sergiy Smetana 1 et al. answer on selecting more sustainable strategies of dealing with an excessive amount of food in every specific case. However, they allow to indicate preferable conditions for dealing with excessive food in model conditions, which account for health status of household members or group of people (population), nutrient density and amount of food, and time frame. Time factor is one of the key factors defining preferences for food-wasting or consumption.


The acute nephritis that rapidly follows the injection of antikidney serum is the result of a specific reaction between antigens localized in the glomeruli and antibodies contained in the nephrotoxic sera. The antibodies, demonstrated by means of the fluorescence technique, were found in greatest concentration apparently in or on the glomerular basement membrane of nephritic animals and were noted to remain there for many months (1). The precise localization of nephrotoxie globulin in the glomeruli, however, was dif]fieult to establish owing in part to the limited resolution of the ultraviolet light microscope and in part to the relatively thick sections employed. This paper reports the use of ferritin-conjugated antibody globulin (2) to identify the sites of antigen-antibody interaction by electron microscopy. This technique has been applied to the localization of viral and bacterial antigens (3-6). Preliminary studies from this laboratory on the application of ferritinconjugated antibody to the study of experimental glomerulonephritis have been described elsewhere (7).


A differentiated staged surgical tactics for treatment of an acute necrotic pancreatitis, based on theory of an acute necrotic pancreatitis phased course, was elaborated and introduced. Sanation and drainage under ultrasonographic control have promoted the patients state stabilization with further stage of laparotomic intervention, in 26.87% of patients of the main group were a residual interventions performed, while in a control group--in 13.19%. Efficacy of a videocontrolled sanation and drainage of retroperitoneal space, using nephroscope, was proved. New methods of miniinvasive surgical treatment of pancreonecrosis, the septic-purulent complications prophylaxis were elaborated. The rate of laparotomy performance was reduced from 57.14%--in a control group down to 33.07%--in the main group. Lethality in the main group was 6.72%, postoperative lethality--9.83%, a morbidity rate in patients have reduced in 2.26 times.


The security policies for computing resources must match the security policies of the organizations that use them; therefore, computer security policies must be adaptive to meet the changing security environment of their user-base. This paper presents four methods for implementing adaptive security policies for architectures which separate the definition of the policy in a Security Server from the enforcement which is done by the kernel. The four methods discussed include • reloading a new security database for the Security Server, • expanding the state and security database of the Security Server to include more than one mode of operation, • implementing another Security Server and handing off control for security computations, and • implementing multiple, concurrent Security Servers each controlling a subset of processes. Each of these methods comes with a set of trade-offs: policy flexibility, functional flexibility, security, reliability, and performance. This paper evaluates each of the implementations with respect to each of these criteria. Although the methods described in this paper were implemented for the Distributed Trusted Operating System (DTOS) prototype, this paper describes general research, and the conclusions drawn from this work need not be limited to that development platform.


Mobile games are a main example of both a successful mobile application and the increasing range of platforms for the media and entertainment industries. Against this convergent background, the paper introduces the basic features of the mobile gaming market and its industrial ecosystem with main actors and activities. Its focus lies on the challenges ahead for its evolution into a potentially dominant game platform and on the possible disruptions along this road. The future role of context and the deep personal relationship with the mobile device are considered to further explore mobile games link with users' perceptions, players' strategies and pending techno-economic developments.