Accurate and rapid on-site analysis of free SO2 content is crucial in the process of winemaking from a producer and consumer perspective. Herein, we present an amperometric sensor based on commercially available screen-printed electrodes coupled with an electrochemical oxygen filter. The developed amperometric method gave a linear response in a concentration range up to 200 mg L-1 with a limit of quantification of 7.5 mg L-1. The applicability of the developed sensor was successfully tested on 27 white and red wine samples and compared to the Ripper method (iodometry) that is a standard procedure for free SO2 determination. The sensor exhibits similar precision and accuracy but shows no interference from oxidizable species such as ascorbic acid, which is a major advantage over iodometric titration. The performance of the sensor was in addition positively evaluated during on-site analysis in a winery.


The steady-state response of amidlatitude storm track to large-scale extratropical thermal forcing and eddy friction is investigated in a dry general circulation model with a zonally symmetric forcing. A two-way equilibration is found between the relative responses of the mean baroclinicity and baroclinic eddy intensity, whereby mean baroclinicity responds more strongly to eddy friction whereas eddy intensity responds more strongly to the thermal forcing of baroclinicity. These seemingly counterintuitive responses are reconciled using the steady state of a predator–prey relationship between baroclinicity and eddy intensity. This relationship provides additional support for the well-studied mechanism of baroclinic adjustment in Earth's atmosphere, as well as providing a newmechanism whereby eddy dissipation controls the large-scale thermal structure of a baroclinically unstable atmosphere. It is argued that these two mechanisms of baroclinic adjustment and dissipative control should be used in tandem when considering storm-track equilibration.


In order to develop an evaluation system for foot arch type in the elderly using foot pressure distribution data, foot pressure distribution parameters were selected and the data thereby derived were discussed. Results from the study show that the midfoot area and pressure ratios were correlated to foot arch type determined by visual analysis and were not correlated to arch height parameters. It is assumed that foot pressure distribution parameters reflect a different phenomenon from that of arch height parameters. The inconsistency between them is considered to be a result of the effect of the forefoot arch on the arch height parameters.


We examine how the technology industry intervenes in social domains not directly tied to its products, services, and immediate commercial concerns. We intend to develop a framework for considering the ways technology and the technology industry reshape these domains in ways both intended and unintended. Drawing on sociologies of knowledge and technology and a set of 20 semi-structured interviews with technology workers and HR professionals working in the Israeli facilities of two large multi-national technology firms, we find evidence that the intervention allows the industry to re-purpose public education as a means of nurturing a firm's workforce with the goal of remaining competitive in a tight labor market both nationally and globally. In parallel, the programs allow workers to experience satisfying and pleasant interactions. These re-purposing interventions might aggravate existing education inequality while further cementing the legitimacy of a dominant industry as a model for an idealized commercial society.


In this paper we analyze the vibrational behavior of the violin top plate, for varying plate thickness and material properties via finite element method (FEM) numerical simulations. It is well known that the vibrational properties of the top plates of string instruments influence their
 sound emission characteristics. Due to the impact of global warming on wood formation and due to their configurability, many manufacturers investigate the use of composite materials to produce musical instruments. Therefore, composite, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) prepreg along with
 traditional wooden material, such as spruce, are adopted in this study. FEM modal analysis along with a frequency response function (FRF) FEM analysis are performed. The vibrational variations of the plate's response are computed under free conditions. The main vibrational modes and the natural
 frequencies obtained by the simulations show the influence of the different mechanical and geometric properties on the top plate's vibrational response. The resulting eigenmode frequencies and shapes of the plate in relation to the varying thickness and the material properties used, are discussed.
 The results of this study offer valuable information on the evaluation of the acoustical characteristics of violins and may be further used on their vibrational behavior optimization and control.


A recent report has questioned the safety of sumatriptan in asthmatic migraineurs. To investigate this, we have reviewed the sumatriptan clinical trial safety database of over 75 completed trials. Within the clinical trial database, 375 asthmatic patients were identified who treated 1214 migraine attacks with sumatriptan. The incidence and nature of adverse events in the asthmatic patient subgroup who received sumatriptan was similar to that in the complete clinical trial population. Six reports of asthma were recorded as adverse events, but only one case was classified by the investigator as related to treatment. There is no clinical or pharmacological evidence to suggest that the safety profile of sumatriptan is altered in asthmatic patients compared to other migraine sufferers.


Service quality is a campus strategic tool for increasing student satisfaction. This study was conducted to examine the service quality of management campus from student's perspectives and to assess the relationship and impact of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible dimensions on satisfaction. A total of 314 management students from bachelor (BBS) and master level (MBS) of management program of five constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University inside Kathmandu Valley were taken through using simple random sampling method. Based on SERVEQUAL gap model developed by the Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988a), a set of 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to collect data. Result of the result found a poor service quality or negative mean gap in reliability, responsiveness, assurance and tangible dimensions. A strong significant negative impact of mean expectation of responsive dimension was found on service quality gap. On the other hand, mean perception of tangible dimension had strong positive impact on service quality gap. Result of the study emphasizes on the improvement of quality dimensions of management campuses so as to satisfy students and get strategic advantage in this competitive marketplace.


Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is considered as the direct ancestor of domesticated chickens. There is a wide speculation on the on-going gene flow between Red Junglefowls in the wild and some neigbouring native chicken populations in South and Southeast Asia. This may challenge the reliability of specific morphological markers to differentiate them and may have implications on the utility value of Red Junglefowls in the genetic improvement for disease resistance and adaptive traits of domestic chickens. The intensive monitoring and measurements of morphological and morphometric characteristics of 100 F1 hybrid birds each from two mating groups involving Red Junglefowl cocks crossing with Fayoumi or H'mong hens were performed from day-old chicks to 12-week-old pullets in this study. The morphological data showed that the typical down feather pattern in striped phenotype as for camouflage, that is critical to the survival of Red Junglefowls in the wild, was not observed in any hybrid chick, suggesting that this specific phenotype is likely controlled by a recessive allele and thus a morphological marker for the identification of true Red Junglefowls in their early development stages or life. The high survival rate and improved growth performance of the two F1 hybrid groups demonstrated the potential value of Red Junglefowls in reconstituting the genetic diversity and possibly improving the adaptability of domestic chickens. Therefore the unique wild relative resources that are able to survive in the increasingly fragmented jungles in South and Southeast Asia warrant further exploration and great attention for in situ conservation and sustainable exploitation.


ABSTRACT While copper is an essential trace element in biology, pollution of groundwater from copper has become a threat to all living organisms. Cellular mechanisms underlying copper toxicity, however, are still not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that iron-sulfur proteins are among the primary targets of copper toxicity in Escherichia coli under aerobic conditions. Here, we report that, under anaerobic conditions, iron-sulfur proteins in E. coli cells are even more susceptible to copper in medium. Whereas addition of 0.2 mM copper(II) chloride to LB (Luria-Bertani) medium has very little or no effect on iron-sulfur proteins in wild-type E. coli cells under aerobic conditions, the same copper treatment largely inactivates iron-sulfur proteins by blocking iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in the cells under anaerobic conditions. Importantly, proteins that do not have iron-sulfur clusters (e.g., fumarase C and cysteine desulfurase) in E. coli cells are not significantly affected by copper treatment under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, indicating that copper may specifically target iron-sulfur proteins in cells. Additional studies revealed that E. coli cells accumulate more intracellular copper under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions and that the elevated copper content binds to the iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins IscU and IscA, which effectively inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. The results suggest that the copper-mediated inhibition of iron-sulfur proteins does not require oxygen and that iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is the primary target of anaerobic copper toxicity in cells. IMPORTANCE Copper contamination in groundwater has become a threat to all living organisms. However, cellular mechanisms underlying copper toxicity have not been fully understood up to now. The work described here reveals that iron-sulfur proteins in Escherichia coli cells are much more susceptible to copper in medium under anaerobic conditions than they are under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, E. coli cells accumulate excess intracellular copper, which specifically targets iron-sulfur proteins by blocking iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Since iron-sulfur proteins are involved in diverse and vital physiological processes, inhibition of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by copper disrupts multiple cellular functions and ultimately inhibits cell growth. The results from this study illustrate a new interplay between intracellular copper toxicity and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in bacterial cells under anaerobic conditions.


The need for automation of software development processes makes it necessary to search for forms of program representation that can undergo automatic transformations without violating the integrity and semantic significance of the results of such transformations. Previously, we have proposed a notation for programs that permits the use of automatic transformation methods, namely methods of evolutionary development used, in particular, in genetic programming. But we have considered only linear and tree-like structures. In this article, we expand the list of available types of structures by adding cyclic structures, as well as complex structural compositions obtained by combining structures of simpler types. We also propose a rule excluding possible anomalies with cyclic structures representation. In general, the proposed methods are based on the concept of artificial chemistry, where programs are considered as analogues of molecules, and program transformations are considered as analogs of reactions. We illustrate the application of proposed notation using examples of the Kekule formula and the cyclic program, automatically obtained in our previous studies. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed notation and methods make it possible to compose formulas representing computational structures of various and even mixed types.


5,6-Di-tert-butyl-2,3,7-trithiabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene 7-endo-oxide (4) was prepared by addition of S(2)Cl(2) to 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene 1-oxide (3) in high yield. The oxidation of 4 with dimethyldioxirane gave a 7:1 isomeric mixture of 5,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3,7-trithiabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene 2-endo-7-endo-dioxide (5a) and 2-exo-7-endo-dioxide (5b) quantitatively. The thermally labile 5 was shown to undergo a retro-Diels-Alder reaction that produces S(2)O and 3 in a reversible way. The resulting S(2)O was trapped by Diels-Alder reactions with dienes to give 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dithiin 1-oxides in good yields. In the absence of the dienes, S(2)O disproportionates to SO(2) and S(3), and the resulting S(3) underwent a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with 3 on its syn-pi-face with respect to the S[double bond]O bond to give a trithiolane derivative, whereas in the presence of excess norbornene, it produced the 1,3-dipolar cycloadduct with norbornene in good yield. Thus, the retro-Diels-Alder reaction of 5 functions as an S(2)O and S(3) source. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level were carried out in order to explain why S(2)O disproportionates to SO(2) and S(3) and why S(2)O acts as a dienophile and not a 1,3-dipole, whereas O(3) and S(3) serve as 1,3-dipoles.


This thesis explores capacity changes and interactions between individuals, communities and organisations and how this influences the development of successful community-based interventions. It identifies better practices for researchers and practitioners to assess capacity and capacity changes in community-based interventions. The findings highlight the dynamic change processes affecting capacity development and that relationships and communication processes are fundamental to create sustainable healthy communities. This research contributes valuable new evidence about a concept not previously described around capacity in public health, that being adaptive capacity, or adaptability. New opportunities for researchers to assess capacity changes using adaptive capacity methods may lead to improvements in capacity assessment in public health community-based interventions.


This chapter examines the key cases and principles relating to acceptance. Where an offer has an essential requirement relating to acceptance (like the method of acceptance) then it must be followed. However, equivalent alternatives might be permitted if the offeror has not done enough to make the requirement essential. Acceptance must be in response to an offer, but the motive for accepting is not relevant. The general rule is that acceptance is effective once it has been communicated (received). Automated ticket and vending machines present an offer so that acceptance takes place when the customer is committed—as when payment is made. Meanwhile, emailed acceptance and the use of websites to communicate acceptance are likely to operate on the basis of the general rule. The traditional analysis based on offer and acceptance will be applied to 'battle of forms' cases. In exceptional cases, courts may look to the wider context in such cases to identify the terms of an agreement.


This paper aims to explore ways of securely operating electrical instruments via the Internet. A system is presented, which allows a person connected to a local area network (LAN) to operate multiple electrical instruments located at other LANs via a public Web server on the Internet, regardless of firewalls, proxy servers, or source network address translators that separate them. A full system test has been performed, and data from the test are later presented. The solution is based on Microsoft .NET Remoting, which is part of the Microsoft .NET Framework. A viable application is Internet-enabled calibration, and possible users are national measurement institutes and calibration laboratories. The solution is general and does not depend on the underlying network connections involved as long as hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer is supported.


The incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is increasing annually; however, the reported values are likely underestimated. Risk factors for VAIN include advanced age, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, history of hysterectomy, and simultaneous or previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer cervical cancer. The most common presentation is abnormal cytology without clinical symptoms. Despite various treatment modalities available, the rate of disease recurrence is high, and its malignant potential has been documented. This study aimed to examine demographic and clinical characteristics and associated treatment outcomes of patients with VAIN. We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic data and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with VAIN at a single center between January 2010 and December 2017. Overall, 118 patients were included (average age 49.81 ± 9.77 years; range, 26–70 years). The distribution of the histologic grade was as follows: VAIN1, 30.5%; VAIN2, 41.5%; and VAIN3, 28.0%. In total, 97 (82.2%) patients had either prior or simultaneous cervical lesions, CIN (35.6%), or cervical cancer (55, 46.6%). A total of 100 cases (84.7%) were diagnosed using colposcopy and 18 (15.3%) were diagnosed by pathological accident after hysterectomy. Thin‐prep cytology test (TCT) results were available for 112 (94.9%) patients, and 111 (94.1%) patients had abnormal cytology findings. Most patients were confirmed as HPV positive (115, 97.5%), and 84 (71.2%) patients were confirmed as positive for high‐risk HPV types. Forty‐two (35.6%) patients underwent hysterectomy before VAIN diagnosis, and the median interval between hysterectomy and VAIN diagnosis was 26.5 (range: 3–68) months. Most surgical indications were HPV‐related diseases (34, 80.9%), such as CIN (8, 19.0%) or cervical cancer (26, 61.9%). Eight patients had no history of cervical lesions. A total of 100 patients underwent initial treatment. During the median follow‐up period of 29 (range: 9–96) months, 78 (78%) patients experienced disease remission after initial treatment, 7 (7%) experienced disease recurrence, 10 (10%) had persistent disease, and 5 (5%) had progressive disease. Finally, two patients developed vaginal cancer without death. Colposcopy should be performed before vaginal hysterectomy for VAIN, particularly HPV‐related cases. The incidence of VAIN was 20% after hysterectomy owing to non‐HPV‐related lesions; thus, this part of the screening should not be discontinued. VAIN grade 2,3 and VAIN associated with CIN or cervical cancer are disease types more likely to recur and progress to invasive cancer; active medical intervention is recommended.


A method for small-scale testing and imaging of freestanding, microtomed polymer films using a push-to-pull device is presented. Central to this method was the development of a sample preparation technique which utilized solvents at cryogenic temperatures to transfer and deposit delicate thin films onto the microfabricated push-to-pull devices. The preparation of focused ion beam (FIB)-milled tensile specimens enabled quantitative in situ TEM tensile testing, but artifacts associated with ion and electron beam irradiation motivated the development of a FIB-free specimen preparation method. The FIB-free method was enabled by the design and fabrication of oversized strain-locking push-to-pull devices. An adaptation for push-to-pull devices to be compatible with an instrumented nanoindenter expanded the testing capabilities to include in situ heating. These innovations provided quantitative mechanical testing, postmortem TEM imaging, and the ability to measure the glass transition temperature, via dynamic mechanical analysis, of freestanding polymer films. Results for each of these mentioned characterization methods are presented and discussed in terms of polymer nanomechanics.


PURPOSE
The aim of this paper is to study pharmacy service impact on patient satisfaction and to determine what factors saliently link with pharmaceutical service performance at Hamad General Hospital.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
A patient satisfaction questionnaire was designed using the literature and consultation with Hamad General Hospital medical experts. The questionnaire contained 22 items that focused on five influencing factors: promptness; attitude; supply; location; medication education; and respondent demographic aspects. A total of 220 respondents completed the questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis was used to group items and a structural equation model was developed to test causality between five factors along with their influence on patient satisfaction.

FINDINGS
The study establishes statistical evidence that patient satisfaction is positively influenced by service promptness, pharmacist attitude, medication counseling, pharmacy location and waiting area. Several socio-demographic characteristics have statistically different effect on satisfaction, notably: gender; marital status; health status; age; educational level; and ethnicity. However, medication supply did not influence patient satisfaction.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Pharmaceutical services are recognized as an essential healthcare-system component. Their impact on customer satisfaction has been investigated in many countries; however, there is no such study in Qatar.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
The findings identify pharmaceutical service performance indicators and provide guidelines to improve Qatari pharmaceutical services.


Employing aggregation techniques with two embryonic sources, one from two‐cell stage embryos treated by thermal stimulation and the other from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that had been obtained from a feeder layer, simple and most effective methods of producing a complete generation of mice from ES cells were explored. Although thermal treatment affected embryos at various developmental stages, the embryos at the two‐cell stage of development were selected because of the remarkably reduced number of cells present in the inner cell mass (ICM) at blastocyst stage after thermal conditioning. Under these conditions, a combination of thermally treated host embryos and an aggregated ES cell‐clump was found to produce a high rate of live newborns by natural delivery. That the newborns were completely derived from ES cells was checked by two criteria: microsatellite analysis and coat color analysis. Importantly, all of these mice were healthy and fertile. The aggregation techniques reported here might well be applied to other animal species whose ES cells form stable colonies on a feeder layer.


The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the Megalobulimus oblongus was demonstrated by using Koelle and Friedenwald's procedure. The AChE positive reaction was revealed in the nervous cell bodies and processes in the different ganglia of the CNS. The largest number of strong positive neuronal subsets reside in pedal and buccal ganglia. Other positive cell bodies are also located in clusters in the left portion of the visceral ganglion, meso and postcerebrum, and pleural ganglia. In some neurons the enzymatic reaction only appeared at trophospongium level. The neuropilian synaptic areas also exhibited AChE reactivity. These data provide further evidence that AChE is present in neuronal bodies of the CNS of this pulmonate snail, and in some areas is probably involved in cholinergic circuits.


Aim of the paper is to illustrate an ontology based approach to the design of mobility information systems which, through multiple distribution channels, provide companies and individual consumers with the information that facilitate their mobility in a metropolitan area. Main advantages of the proposed approach are user queries whose semantics is independent of the system implementation, and the possibility of delegating user tasks to mobile software agents by means of either PCs or PDAs. The ontology framework also facilitates data collection and control of remote devices such as semaphores and signs. The outlined architecture is under experimentation for managing mobility in the Catania metropolitan area.


This paper deals with the component based standard IEC 61499. A function block (FB) is an event triggered component and an application is a network of FBs. This network is centralized in a multi-tasking PLC. To validate the temporal behavior of the application blocks, we propose a hybrid scheduling approach combining off-line and on-line policies. The off-line policy allows to generate pre-schedulings for FBs. We associate one pre-scheduling to one task of the PLC. We apply then an existing schedulability condition to check the feasibility of these tasks.


Thermocouple is widely used sensor for temperature measurement now a days because of its unique characteristics in terms of wide temperature range, stability, durability, and the different types that are compatible according to temperature applications. But there are many challenges like signal conditioning and absolute control that needs to be resolved while designing with them. The paper describes the solution for signal conditioning using a single analog IC AD8495 that provides both signal conditioning along with reference junction compensation. The paper describes the system that can measure and control the Real-time temperature in the range of 0°C to 1000°C and displays the same on an LCD screen that can be used to preset in minimum and maximum temperature range. Keywords: High Temperature, Thermocouple, PIC Controller (16F877A), Thermocouple amplifier (IC-AD8495), Heating Element, PWM. Cite this Article: Saba Mokashi, Kumar Amlendu, Shruti Chougule, Milind Paraye. Amplifier-based High Temperature Measurement and Control System Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications. 2020; 8(1): 25–36p.


Most retailers and scientists agree that supporting the buying decisions of individual customers or groups of customers with specific product recommendations holds great promise. Target-oriented promotional campaigns are more profitable in comparison to uniform methods of sale promotion such as discount pricing campaigns. This seems to be particulary true if the promoted products are well matched to the preferences of the customers or customer groups. But how can retailers identify customer groups and determine which products to offer them? To answer this question, this dissertation describes an algorithmic procedure which identifies customer groups with similar preferences for specific product combinations in recorded transaction data. In addition, for each customer group it recommends products which promise higher sales through cross-selling if appropriate promotion techniques are applied. To illustrate the application of this algorithmic approach, an analysis is performed on the transaction database of a supermarket. The identified customer groups are used for a simulation. The results show that appropriate promotional campaigns which implement this algorithmic approach can achieve an increase in profit from 15% to as much as 191% in contrast to uniform discounts on the purchase price of bestsellers. (author's abstract)


Recent work has tackled the problem of autonomous navigation by imitating a teacher and learning an end-to-end policy, which directly predicts controls from raw images. However, these approaches tend to be sensitive to mistakes by the teacher and do not scale well to other environments or vehicles. To this end, we propose a modular network architecture that decouples perception from control, and is trained using Observational Imitation Learning (OIL), a novel imitation learning variant that supports online training and automatic selection of optimal behavior from observing multiple teachers. We apply our proposed methodology to the challenging problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) racing. We develop a simulator that enables the generation of large amounts of synthetic training data (both UAV captured images and its controls) and also allows for online learning and evaluation. We train a perception network to predict waypoints from raw image data and a control network to predict UAV controls from these waypoints using OIL. Our modular network is able to autonomously fly a UAV through challenging race tracks at high speeds. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our trained network outperforms its teachers, end-to-end baselines, and even human pilots in simulation. The supplementary video can be viewed at this https URL


Machine-to-Machine (M2M) has become a generally used term owing to the concept of the Internet of Things (IOT). M2M communications have numerous areas of implementation such as medicine, transportation, environmental monitoring, and smart grids. As the field of its implementation extends, the number of M2M equipment are projected to grow proportionally in the upcoming few years. Current cellular network technologies will not be able to cope with the expected increase in the number of M2M services while considering QoS as a major topic. Many applications of M2M are delay sensitive that will lead to overhead on the physical random access channel, in addition to the lack of their standardization. In this paper, a model is proposed, by using Non-Preemptive Queuing Model, in order to investigate the performance of different M2M and H2H traffic classes under dynamic Access Grant Time Interval (AGTI) controlled scheduling scheme. This is done by using M/G/m/m queuing model focusing on the resource utilization and the Quality of Service (QoS). The proposed technique achieves a better percentage in delay reduction and a less percentage of packet loss.


From June 1999 to June 2000, 480 environmental swabs were collected from two abattoirs in Northern Ireland. In addition, from July 1999 to July 2000, 420 samples originating from raw cow's milk were collected from two Northern Ireland dairies. All samples were examined for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). O157 with the use of selective enrichment in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and double-strength MacConkey broth purple (MBP) followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime tellurite. Non-O157 VTEC was detected by selective enrichment in TSB-MBP and plating on MacConkey agar. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was also used to detect the presence of the VT1, VT2, and eae genes. Two (0.42%) of the 480 abattoir samples tested positive for VTEC; one isolate carried the VT2 gene only, and the other carried both the VT2 and the eae genes. Nine (2.14%) of the 420 dairy samples tested positive for VTEC; four carried the VT2 gene only, four carried both the VT2 and the eae genes, and one carried both the VT1 and the eae genes. These results indicate that the incidence of VTEC was low in the dairy and meat processing environment samples tested, and this finding may help to explain the low incidence of VTEC reported for the local human population.


It is not surprising that a number of leading economists criticize and worry about the economic capacity of capitalism in realizing economic prosperity on this earth. In the capitalist (conventional) economic theory, a new monetary approach, whether consciously or not, is the point of view of Islamic economics in the monetary sector, such as the role of money, interest, and bank credit. Meanwhile, negative values, destructive concept and theory paradigms, materialism philosophy, moral neglect and many more concepts of capitalism in the monetary and economic development fields must be deconstructed. Now it is up to the academics and practitioners of sharia economics to present a sharia economic construction that is truly fair, maslahat, and can realize the welfare of mankind without financial crises, economic stability without oppression, injustice and exploitation, both between individuals and companies, the state against the company and the rich country against the poor country.


The journal also provides an excellent survey of recent linguistics publications, with Book Reviews and Review Articles on major works marking important theoretical advances. The journal includes a Notes and Discussion and a Squib section for briefer contributions to current debate. The Editors also welcome proposals for overview papers for the Looking Back, Moving Forward section and for special issues.


We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a Pareto optimal sharing rule to be linear in wealth and for all Pareto optimal sharing rules to be linear in wealth. We also show that when agents belief have a particular feature a Pareto optimal sharing rule is linear in wealth if and only if all Pareto optimal sharing rules are linear. The results obtained in this paper generalize those on linear sharing rules in the existing literature. Unlike the special case when aggregate wealth is dependent on a state variable, even if all Pareto optimal sharing rules are linear it is not necessary that agents utility functions be of the equicautous HARA class.


Female mating status may affect reproductive success in avian polygynous mating systems through a combination of differences in female parental quality and status-dependent male assistance in parental care. Traditionally the literature has emphasized male assistance, neglecting evidence for consistency in female parental quality independent of mating status or repeatability in status. We studied the effects of male assistance on breeding success and its association with female mating status in a population of the polygynous spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor, during 3 years. Nestling provisioning by males improved the fledging success of late (mostly second) but not early (mostly first) broods. Reproductive success of females was affected mainly by female maternal quality: (1) primary and secondary females did not differ in output for early broods and in seasonal output despite a greater male assistance at primary nests; (2) monogamous females were more successful despite receiving no more help than other females; and (3) primary and secondary females had different clutch sizes before male assistance in parental care could operate. Female mating status was not significantly repeatable within seasons or between years. Females who changed status between years were as successful when rearing broods as secondary females as they were as primary or monogamous females. Breeding success (proportion of eggs resulting in fledglings) and clutch size were significantly repeatable between years for late but not for early clutches. Performance showed no strong association with female age or condition. Female breeding success seems to be weakly affected by male assistance in this sedentary, colonial species, and more dependent on inherent differences between females. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


We present a broad-band lumped element planar inductor model that is suitable for RFIC design in silicon technologies. We provide extensions of the modeling methodology to similar components such as differential inductors, baluns, and solenoid inductors. The analytic computation of the physics-based model components, incorporating both metal skin effect and substrate loss, is described. The model is validated using measured data from over 200 inductors made with five different silicon back-end process technologies. The physics-based implementation of the model allows its use for determining the optimum process technology characteristics for specific radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) designs. The analytical based implementation with lumped elements enables effective integration into a robust CAD system for efficient design of RFIC circuits.


Observations with the Hipparcos satellite allowed a newdeterminationofthe Pictoris distance.Thisstarislocated at 19:28 0:19 pc, a value close to the upper limit of previous evaluations. The overall consequences are briefly discussed; in particular it is concluded that in the frame of standard stellar evolutionmodels,thereisnoneedforanyintrinsiccircumstellar extinction due to the dust disk to explain its position in the HR diagram. The star is very close to the ZAMS, or on the ZAMS, suggesting it is old enough to possess a well-formed planetary system.


The storage battery is the most important and decisive component in a telecom DC UPS system, determining its reliability and availability performance. The deployment of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries into telecom networks started an era of unbelievable problems and gradual deterioration of credibility. Battery condition monitoring has become a necessity, and not just a way to boost reliability. The behavior of a storage battery resembles, in many respects, that of human behavior, making it difficult or almost impossible to draw viable conclusions or to predict future behavior from the data obtainable. This paper makes a survey of available methods and problems to assess the state-of-health of VRLA batteries and proposes a suitable method based on soft computing principles.


Research actuality resumes from the fundamental role of the human factor in solving management issues, including contingency plans for unforeseen situations. The current management practices show just how human behavior can be unpredictable in settling the issue on time. The efficiency of the team member solving atypical situations is directly related to loyalty; level of competence; and the suitability of his, training psychological and physical working conditions and psychological climate in collective. Concepts reflect, in fact, the key factors that affect labor efficiency, such as desire; solving ability tasks and psychological conditions for this activity. In this context, the problem of the manager (team leader) is complex and she solved by attracting many different employees. However, the specificity and specificity of the human resources involved in the team consists in human behavior, the situation of inevitability, uncertainty and, as a consequence, in the modeling of processes that occur in systems with human elements. Nevertheless, despite a large number of studies on the study of human behavior, such processing methods are practically absent. In this context our research will propose formalization methods in searching for optimal management decisions (or acceptable) in this area. Considering above-mentioned elements, the purpose of this research formulated: mathematic description of the dependence based on effectiveness of personnel activity on the level of motivational measures of influence.


Abstract Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel, produced by a transesterification process using homogeneous catalyst which causes water pollution and cannot be recycled. The present study utilizes industrial brine sludge waste (IBSW) as a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. One variable at a time design was applied to optimize the transesterification process. The process variables were varied as follows: methanol to oil weight ratio (10–50 %), reaction time (0.5–2.5 h), reaction temperature (30–90 °C) and catalyst to oil weight ratio (0.84–4.2 %). The IBSW before and after calcination and the transesterification process was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Biodiesel was produced at maximum yield of 95.51 wt% at reaction time, temperature methanol to oil weight ratio, and catalyst to oil weight ratio of 1 hour, 60 °C, 30 wt%, and 2.52 wt% respectively. The FTIR and SEM results confirms that before and after the transesterification process the modification of IBSW took place. Using the ideal process conditions, biodiesel was produced and vital fuel properties such as viscosity, density, pour point and flash point were measured and were found to be within the specification as per American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standards for biodiesel. The reusability of the IBSW catalyst was tested by recycling and it can be established that the catalyst can be utilized up to four times without affecting its catalytic activity.


The present scenario of rising unemployment among the agricultural graduates must be replaced by taking up agriculture as their profession and also to increase the production and productivity in agriculture. Thus, a study was conducted in all the four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat, to know the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession and to find out the characteristics that influence their perception. One college from each university was selected randomly. From each selected college thirty agricultural graduates were selected randomly. Thus, the total sample size was 120 agricultural graduates. The study was conducted using a questionnaire in the form of a google form. The study revealed that most of the agricultural graduates had medium level of perception towards agriculture as a profession. Age, academic performance, parental occupation, size of land holding, annual income, mass media exposure, achievement motivation, economic motivation, risk orientation and self-confidence had a positive and highly significant relationship; place of residence and agricultural business anxiety had a positive and significant relationship and family type and family size had a positive and non-significant relationship with the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession.


Abstract Excreta potentially provide parasites or predators with information about the presence of hosts or prey; hence, vulnerable individuals experience strong selection to minimize danger from this source. Alternatively or additionally, excreta could alert potential prey to a spider's presence. Adult female crab spiders Misumena vatia (Clerck 1757) exhibited a strong reluctance to excrete when retained under tightly confined conditions. Only 5% of regularly fed individuals (1% of total observations) excreted over observation periods of as many as 50 days while confined in 7-dram vials (5 cm high, 3 cm diameter). Individuals retained large amounts of excreta during this time. However, when released upon vegetation over two-thirds of them excreted within 5 min, after moving to the distal end of a leaf or petal such that the excreta fell below them onto lower vegetation or the substrate. In the field they showed little tendency to excrete close to their hunting sites. The ability to retain excreta should serve this relatively sedentary species well in situations where it suffers high rates of attack or may reveal its presence to potential prey.


Poland in accordance to the EU commitments should by 2020 reach the 15-percent level of the share of RES in overall energy consumption. This is a lower level than the average for the EU (20%), but to achieve it should be put a lot of effort in organizational and legal today. Polish potential in the field of biomass is high (895 PJ), also wind energy potential is large - estimated at 5-10 MW in the country, to this should be added the value of the potential of hydropower, solar energy and geothermal energy. In the paper the attention was drawn to the basic potential of renewable energy sources, ie. For biomass, particularly from agriculture.


The solutions to a linear wave equation can satisfy the principle of superposition, i.e., the linear superposition of two or more known solutions is still a solution of the linear wave equation. We show in this article that many nonlinear wave equations possess exact traveling wave solutions involving hyperbolic, triangle, and exponential functions, and the suitable linear combinations of these known solutions can also constitute linear superposition solutions to some nonlinear wave equations with special structural characteristics. The linear superposition solutions to the generalized KdV equation K(2,2,1), the Oliver water wave equation, and the k(n, n) equation are given. The structure characteristic of the nonlinear wave equations having linear superposition solutions is analyzed, and the reason why the solutions with the forms of hyperbolic, triangle, and exponential functions can form the linear superposition solutions is also discussed.


A brief review of the effect of Newton's macroscopic dynamic shear viscosity on the rotation of a cylinder and a ball in a viscous fluid is presented. The approximate nature of some of Stokes' formulae is discussed, and formulae from elementary viscosity theory are given. The concept of molecular viscosity is introduced, and it is shown that, among other information sources, spectra of depolarized molecular light scattering and electromagnetic wave dispersion in liquids of constant-dipole-moment molecules may, within a certain scheme, be used to derive the value and temperature dependence of the coefficient of shear dynamic molecular viscosity. As an example, the temperature behaviour of molecular viscosity in salol and o-terphenyl is presented and discussed qualitatively.


An unexpected and massive redistribution of fine sediment in a large Alpine reservoir was triggered by a further lowering of the water level to conduct maintenance work. This caused the need of a total redesign of the existing head race intake for a high head power plant in the Austrian Alps. Two main geometry options for the trash rack support structure are compared with numerical simulations (ANSYS-CFX) as well as with a scale model test (scale 1:20). The laboratory experiment substantially benefited from the preliminary numerical investigation in respect of the location and implementation of the model boundaries. In return was the confidence in the numerics strengthened by the successful validation of the local head loss and the velocity distribution for the main operation cases. This allowed that the main inputs for the structural design and the further optimisation is conducted only with the 3D-numerical tool. The paper presents the interlaced concept as well as the main finding of the investigation, which lead to a successful adaptation of the intake structure.


Based on data obtained at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Tonantzintla, an evaluation of the quality of the local sky is presented. The evaluation is carried out through an absolute CCD calibration to a set of standard stars in the field of M67 in the B, V , R and I Johnson-Cousins system and from Boller & Chivens long-slit spectroscopic observations of the local sky at various elevations. The sky brightness is estimated from our CCD frames yielding a mean value of 18.5 ± 0.6 mag arcsec⁻² . The mean atmospheric extinction curve behaves midway between the normal extinction and that related to volcanic outbursts. From the long-slit spectra of the sky at OAN-Tonantzintla, HgI and NaI lines of high and low pressure lamps are identi fied. These results allow us to justify a major upgrading of the observatory, to convert the OAN-Tonantzintla into the Laboratory for Astronomy Education both for UNAM and for other educational institutions in the center-south part of the country.


INTRODUCTION
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is seen among 15% of GERD patients as per a population-based study by Ronkainen et  al. Barrett's has malignant potential and annual progression to carcinoma depends on the presence or absence of dysplasia. There are various risk factors for the development of BE. We compared two symptomatic cohorts of GERD patients from the same geographical area who were evaluated for the presence of Barrett's and various factors that can contribute to Barrett's Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. Two GERD cohorts, one from Kottayam and the other from Trivandrum were taken. The presence of Barrett's and the factors contributing to the development of Barrett's were analyzed between the two groups. Since biopsy data of all patients were not available, endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM) was taken as Barrett's Results: 415 patients were enrolled for the study (203 from Trivandrum and 212 from Kottayam). 192 females (99 from Trivandrum and 93 from Kottayam), and 223 males (104 from Trivandrum and 119 from Kottayam). Barrett's esophagus and especially long-segment Barrett's were significantly more common in Kottayam than Trivandrum (68 vs 22 and 36 vs 9) (p-value <0.001). Among the factors that were traditionally thought to contribute to the development of Barrett's esophagus, age (>50 years) was not statistically significant among the two cohorts (mean age of Trivandrum was 48 years and Kottayam was 49 years). Duration of GERD symptoms was significantly more in the Trivandrum cohort compared to Kottayam (p-value <0.001). Hiatus hernia and body mass index (BMI) were more common in Kottayam. There were no statistically significant differences in erosive esophagitis and antral gastritis (%age?) between the two cohorts.

CONCLUSION
Both Trivandrum and Kottayam belong to the same geographical area and are separated by a distance of only 150 km. The Kottayam cohort is more prone to develop distal esophageal carcinoma as the BE is more in Kottayam. This data also suggests the need for GERD registries so that high-risk population can be targeted and early intervention can lead to a decrease in the incidence of distal esophageal carcinomas.


This research aims to reveal the creativity of the Inpres elementary school teachers in learning science and to build a specific theory based on the components of teachers' creativity in selecting and using the media in learning science, factors that support teachers' creativity in developing materials, developing methods, and the steps conducted by the school in developing the teachers' creativity. This research uses a qualitative phenomenologic interpretive by applying naturalistic model of Guba. The determination of research information was done purposively. Subjects of the research were teachers who taught science at grades IV, V, and VI. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation analysis, and were analyzed using the Bogdan model analysis. The data validation was obtained through perseverance of observation and triangulation. The triangulation was done with respect of sources, methods, and theory. Results of this research is in the form of a specific theory that the principal's idea to improve the academic quality could encourage the teachers' creativity in the science teaching and learning process at the public elementary school "Inpres Sido". This is in line with the social theory, including the theory of learning development within an institution, namely, that the social institutional changes occurred by developing insight or knowledge.


Th. van Nuijs, chief editor of the Revue Belge de Médecine Dentaire, interviews professor Reinhilde Jacobs. R. Jacobs is professor of dento-maxillo-facial radiology and radioprotection at the Catholic University of Leuven. She is also head of the Oral Imaging Centre at the same university.


Pharmacy practice has transcended from largely a dispensary practice to pharmaceutical care practice. It is necessary to assess public awareness and demand for pharmaceutical care in Yenogoa. This study used a sample size of 450 randomly selected respondents not below 18 years of age. Only 21% of the  respondents had the right knowledge about the community pharmacist, while 39% needed the services of the pharmacist before or during drug use. Furthermore, the awareness of availability of pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies was 3% while 75% of the respondents believed a community pharmacy was just a place drugs can be obtained. As the profession and pharmacists endeavour to  improve knowledge and skill to deliver pharmaceutical care to the society, efforts should be made to increase its awareness and demand. This is imperative for its rooting in Nigeria and ensuring sustained societal professional relevance and mutual benefit. Keywords: patient focused care, community pharmacy, Nigeria Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2010)


During the study, the authors monitored the media to reveal quantitative and qualitative indicators of Russian universities' media activities in 2015-2017 on the basis of data from Medialogia (mlg.ru) and Public.ru (public.ru) resources. The analysis of the most actively used newsbreaks in the media practice of these universities and their typology is based on the expert method. The conducted study points to a pronounced trend in universities' media activities of demonstrating in the media space those characteristics that correspond to the criteria, on which major stakeholders assess their activities.


The continuity of social projects and programs depends on whether their objectives are fulfilled and the magnitude of their impact is significant. That ex- plains the importance of impact evaluation, which may rely on different types of data. Particularly, panel data provides information about time and space that, even though it may be relatively more expensive and not always feasible, allows for a deeper analysis of the impact of the project on the community, controlling for unobservable factors inherent in the individual as well as the region. This pa- per introduces the use of fixed effects and random effects panel data models as tools applied to assess social programs.


The authors review the case of a girl affected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum, that twice experienced at 11 and 14 years recurrence of stroke in the field of the right carotid artery. Angiographic examination disclosed hypoplasia of the right internal carotid artery, in it's extra-cranial tract. After having reviewed the literature about the subject, the authors debate the possible pathogenetic mechanisms and eventually favour a recurrent thrombo-embolic event. This statement might have surgical therapeutic implications.


In most sensory systems, higher order central neurons extract those stimulus features from the sensory periphery that are behaviorally relevant (e.g., Marr, 1982; Heiligenberg, 1991). Recent studies have quantified the time-varying information carried by spike trains of sensory neurons in various systems using stimulus estimation methods (Bialek et al., 1991; Wessel et al., 1996). Here, we address the question of how this information is transferred from the sensory neuron level to higher order neurons across multiple sensory maps by using the electrosensory system in weakly electric fish as a model. To determine how electric field amplitude modulations are temporally encoded and processed at two subsequent stages of the amplitude coding pathway, we recorded the responses of P-type afferents and E- and I-type pyramidal cells in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) to random distortions of a mimic of the fish's own electric field. Cells in two of the three somatotopically organized ELL maps were studied (centromedial and lateral) (Maler, 1979; Carr and Maler, 1986). Linear and second order nonlinear stimulus estimation methods indicated that in contrast to P-receptor afferents, pyramidal cells did not reliably encode time-varying information about any function of the stimulus obtained by linear filtering and half-wave rectification. Two pattern classifiers were applied to discriminate stimulus waveforms preceding the occurrence or nonoccurrence of pyramidal cell spikes in response to the stimulus. These signal-detection methods revealed that pyramidal cells reliably encoded the presence of upstrokes and downstrokes in random amplitude modulations by short bursts of spikes. Furthermore, among the different cell types in the ELL, I-type pyramidal cells in the centromedial map performed a better pattern-recognition task than those in the lateral map and than E-type pyramidal cells in either map.


This paper discusses the results of a literature search on implementing novel approaches to teaching engineering design as well as the need for teaching Systems Engineering (SE) at an undergraduate level. In addition, the paper presents the results and lessons learned by assigning a capstone project requiring students to develop a conveyor system using the 8-phase SE process and a project based collaborative design methodology.
 The instructor teaches the fundamentals of systems engineering, the concept of synthesis, and the basics of trade-off studies. Students learn how to use functional modeling and the proper use of a functional flow block diagram to transform design requirements into failure modes.
 Students perform traditional failure mode calculations, using a strength-resistance approach, on machine components such as shafts, bearings, gears, belts, chains, keyways, splines, clutches, springs, brakes, and bolts for the conveyor system's transmission.
 The instructor assigns a conveyor system and its systems requirements and students must demonstrate their understanding of the SE process as well as being able to perform design calculations on various machine components.
 The students demonstrate their understanding of SE and failure modes by taking part in design reviews throughout the semester and a final engineering report.


A protein-immobilizing hydrophobic polymeric mem brane comprising an organic, hydrophobic polymeric substrate with a specific protein reactive group pen dant therefrom in preselected concentration is dis closed. The protein reactive groups is a free group of a hydrocarbon chain which has one end thereof ab sorbed into the surface of said polymeric substrate; said free group, generally at the end of said chain, co valently bonding with a protein molecule. The concen tration of protein reactive sites is sufficiently low that the polymeric substrate retains its hydrophobic char acter. An electrode coated with a protein-immobilized membrane, i.e., a membrane having a hydrocarbon chain to which a protein molecule is attached, pro vides, in conjunction with a reference electrode, an electrically sensitive system for measuring change in concentration of a compound in solution where said compound selectively reacts with the immobilized protein.


The Centre for Information Security; a national centre of competence; was initiated to reduce the overall vulnerability related to ICT systems in Norway. The trial period ran from 2002-2005, and the centre is now permanently established. This paper presents the centre as it was operated during the trial period. The main activities performed are described, together with experiences and learning made. Recommendations to similar initiatives to be established are provided.


Describing the causal relations governing a system is a fundamental task in many scientific fields, ideally addressed by experimental studies. However, obtaining data under intervention scenarios may not always be feasible, while discovering causal relations from purely observational data is notoriously challenging. In certain settings, such as genomics, we may have data from heterogeneous study conditions, with soft (partial) interventions only pertaining to a subset of the study variables, whose effects and targets are possibly unknown. Combining data from experimental and observational studies offers the opportunity to leverage both domains and improve on the identifiability of causal structures. To this end, we define the interventional BGe score for a mixture of observational and interventional data, where the targets and effects of intervention may be unknown. To demonstrate the approach we compare its performance to other state-of-the-art algorithms, both in simulations and data analysis applications. Prerogative of our method is that it takes a Bayesian perspective leading to a full characterisation of the posterior distribution of the DAG structures. Given a sample of DAGs one can also automatically derive full posterior distributions of the intervention effects. Consequently the method effectively captures the uncertainty both in the structure and the parameter estimates. Codes to reproduce the simulations and analyses are publicly available at github.com/jackkuipers/iBGe


Describes a novel film dosimetry system which has been fabricated based on a solid-state television camera. The image receptor comprises a two dimensional array of individual photosensitive elements which covers a total active area of 0.34 cm2. This system offers maximum mechanical stability since there are no moving parts.


Despite the expectations of FOMC and market participants at the beginning of 2014 to the contrary, the yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury debt declined by about 50 basis points from 2.72 percent at the beginning of 2014 to 2.17 percent as of December 22, 2014. This raises the worrisome possibility that we might observe a sudden change in longer-term yields once the Federal Reserve announces an increase in short-term rates. In other words, longer-term rates could snap, very much as they did in the summer of 2013 after the tapering announcement, once the Fed announces its first short-term rate hike indicating the end of the era of loose monetary policy. In order to study this possibility, this paper examines reactions to Fed announcements during the period when conventional monetary policy tools were used, to investigate whether FOMC announcements that imply reversals in the monetary policy stance have a greater effect on longer-term Treasury yields than similar monetary policy actions that do not imply a policy reversal.


Background: Viruses in the human gut have been linked to health and disease. Deciphering of the gut virome is dependent on metagenomic sequencing of the virus-like particles purified from the fecal specimens. A major limitation of conventional viral metagenomic sequencing is the low recoverability of viral genomes from the metagenomic dataset. Results: Herein, we developed an optimal method for viral amplification and metagenomic sequencing to maximize the recovery of viral genomes. Using 5 fecal specimens with multiple repetitions, we revealed the optimal number of PCR cycles of high-fidelity enzyme-based amplification and the reliability of multiple displacement amplification in virome DNA preparation, verified the reproducibility of the optimally whole viral metagenomic experimental process, and tested the capability of long-read sequencing for improving viral metagenomic assembly. Based on our optimized results, we generated 151 high-quality viruses using the data combined from short-read (15 cycles for PCR amplification) and long-read sequencing. Genomic analysis of these viruses found that most (60.3%) of them were previously unknown and showed a remarkable diversity of viral functions, especially the existence of 206 viral auxiliary metabolic genes. Finally, we compared the viral metagenomic and bulk metagenomic sequencing approaches and revealed significant differences in the efficiency and coverage of viral identification between them. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of optimized experiment and sequencing strategies in uncovering viral genomes from fecal specimens, which will facilitate future research about genome-level characterization of complex viral communities.


This study examined the impact of instructional supervision on secondary school students' academic performance in English Language. Descriptive method was adopted in which a questionnaire titled Instructional Supervision and Students' Academic Performance Questionnaire (ISSAPQ) was administered to obtain data from sixty teachers from the three senatorial districts in the state, while the performance of the students in English Language was obtained from the 2008 Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination(SSCE) result of the sixty randomly sampled schools . Simple random techniques were used accordingly to select the sampled teachers. Pearson product moment correlation was used to answer the question. The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level. The study showed that there were significant impacts of checking of students' notes, class visitations, checking of teachers' punctuality and attendance and moderation of examination questions and marking scheme on students' academic performance in English Language in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo State. Recommendations for checking of students notes by school principals were made.


Yaws is an infectious, non-venereal disease of the tropical countries, which is caused by Treponema pertenue. Gangosa and goundou were seen commonly in cases of yaws in Africa, particularly in the early part of this century. After successful WHO mass treatment campaigns, these conditions are rarely seen now. A case of yaws with gangosa, goundou, and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma is presented here for its rarity.


A 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS quadrature complex bandpass low-IF GPS receiver includes an LNA, PLL, mixer and a continuous-time /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC. The chip has -130 dBm input sensitivity, 62 dB DR, and -32 dB IMRR, while consuming 40 mW from 2 V supply. The chip is 9 mm/sup 2/.


The aim of this work was to study the effect of metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) on enzymatic activities (EAs) of two main plant life forms under drought stress (DS). Foliar spray of silver oxide (AgO), iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and cadmium oxide (CdO) at levels of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg.L-1 were used on aerial parts of forb Sanguisorba officinalis L. and grass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. under DS levels of 25-100% field capacity (FC). Glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured after two weeks of the experiment. The results indicate that the EAs changes varied depending on the plant life form, levels of DS, type and levels of NPs. Overall, application of 30- 60 mg.L-1 MO NPs under 25-50%FC significantly reduced EAs, especially in forb (P<0.001). Higher concentration of MO NPs significantly increase EAs. A decrease in CAT (20.90%, 18.80%), POD (21.30%, 17.67%) and SOD (23.14%, 16.88%) was observed under levels of 60 mg.l-1 of ZnO NPs under 25-50%FC in forb and grass, respectively. High concentration of CdO NPs (90-120 mg.l-1) caused by increase (max= 24.0%) in EAs in both life forms under 25%FC.


The authors studied the effect of m-cholino-, adreno-, and purinotropic agents on the development of postischemic reperfusion fibrillation of isolated rat hearts. Pilocarpine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and adenosine caused a proarrhythmogenic effect. Atropine, trimedoxim, prazosin, and chloroquine made fibrillation less expressed. A direct correlation was found between the arrhythmogenic effect of reperfusion and the size of the no-reflow zone, with the use of the drugs too. It is concluded that the phospholipid mechanism contributes to realization of the arrhythmogenic effect of reperfusion and vascular disorders, leading to the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon.


The study of borders has undergone a renaissance during the past decade. This is reflected in an impressive list of conferences, workshops and scholarly publications. This renaissance has been partly due to the emergence of a counternarrative to the borderless and deterritorialized world discourse which has accompanied much of globalization theory. The study of borders has moved beyond the limited confines of the political geography discourse, crossing its own disciplinary boundaries, to include sociologists, political scientists, historians, international lawyers and scholars of international relations. But this meeting of disciplines has not yet been successful in creating a common language or glossary of terms which is relevant to all scholars of borders. Central to the contemporary study of borders are notions such as `borders are institutions', the process of `bordering' as a dynamic in its own right, and the border terminologies which focus on the binary distinctions between the `us' and `them', the `included' and the `excluded'. Borders should be studied not only from a top-down perspective, but also from the bottom up, with a focus on the individual border narratives and experiences, reflecting the ways in which borders impact upon the daily life practices of people living in and around the borderland and transboundary transition zones. In positing an agenda for the next generation of border-related research, borders should be seen for their potential to constitute bridges and points of contact, as much as they have traditionally constituted barriers to movement and communication.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a case study using a systemic team formulation approach, in the context of supporting a women with intellectual disabilities with a history of trauma.

Design/methodology/approach
A reflective stance is used to describe the process of assessment, hypothesising, formulation and intervention in a single case study design.

Findings
Feedback from care staff suggests that they found a team formulation approach helpful to improve their understanding of the service user they support.

Practical implications
The paper discusses how systemic team formulation can draw on trauma-informed care principles in the context of supporting an individual with an intellectual disability. Future research should aim to replicate the approach for findings to be applied more broadly. COVID-19 has meant clinical working has had to be adapted, clinicians should carefully consider how collaborative and meaningful work can continue to be facilitated within the current parameters.

Originality/value
This case study contributes to the literature in the use of systemic team formulation interventions within an intellectual disability context, drawing on trauma-informed care principles and reflecting on adapted working within the COVID-19 pandemic.


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown wide applications for treating various disorders in the central nervous system by using high frequency stimulation (HFS) sequences of electrical pulses. However, upon the onset of HFS sequences, the narrow pulses could induce synchronous firing of action potentials among large populations of neurons and cause a transient phase of "onset response" that is different from the subsequent steady state. To investigate the transient onset phase, the antidromically-evoked population spikes (APS) were used as an electrophysiological marker to evaluate the synchronous neuronal reactions to axonal HFS in the hippocampal CA1 region of anesthetized rats. New stimulation paradigms with time-varying intensity and frequency were developed to suppress the "onset responses". Results show that HFS paradigms with ramp-up intensity at the onset phase could suppress large APS potentials. In addition, an intensity ramp with a slower ramp-up rate or with a higher pulse frequency had greater suppression on APS amplitudes. Therefore, to reach a desired pulse intensity rapidly, a stimulation paradigm combining elevated frequency and ramp-up intensity was used to shorten the transition phase of initial HFS without evoking large APS potentials. The results of the study provide important clues for certain transient side effects of DBS and for development of new adaptive stimulation paradigms.


Ar plasma-induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on Ar plasma pretreated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces was carried out to improve the antistatic properties. The surface composition and microstructure of the PEG-grafted PMMA surfaces from plasma induction were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, water contact angles (CA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The measurements revealed that the antistatic properties can be remarkably improved with the surface resistivity of PEG-grafted PMMA surface decreasing significantly by 3–6 orders of magnitude, with the optimum condition for polymerization grafted onto the Ar plasma pretreated PMMA surface being 40 W for RF power and 3 min for glow discharge time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


Based on the continuity of flow and sediment, an analysis on scouring in long contractions is conducted with a formula obtained from measured sediment discharge in long contractions and a formula for the flow resistance related to local scour. The analytical solution shows that the equilibrium scour depth in the contracted section depends only on the ratio of the uncontracted to the contracted channel width, and the approach flow depth. The equation is applicable to both live-bed and clear-water scouring conditions. Previous predictive equations by Straub or Gill can also arrive at the same conclusion, but only for some special cases. A comparison between the measured scour data and various analytical models confirms that the simplified equation is sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes.


Meta-fractal design is the new method and idea of graphic design. By utilizing the fractal self-similarity principle and using the definition of function or software extraction process, we may extract the relatively independent unit-meta-fractal in which to a certain extent contains the basic information and characteristics of the whole fractal graph. By utilizing computer CAD software and following aesthetic rules, meta-fractal can be developed into a variety of pattern designs.


Results of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in 31 patients with spinal cord injury are presented. Success and failure are tabulated according to injury location and for type of pain perceived. Results indicate that pain at the site of injury is treated more successfully than radiating or central pain.


Context aware application design models are often based on embedding contextual dependencies - in the form of if-then rules - to specify how applications should react to context changes. In this paper we argue that such approaches are impractical and increase the complexity of context aware applications, due to the large variety of possibly even unanticipated context types and their values. We present the design and implementation of a framework for building context aware applications on-demand, as dynamically composed sequences of calls to services. Our system employs goal-oriented inferencing for assembling composite services, monitors their execution, adapts applications to deal with contextual changes, and enables failure recovery mechanisms that minimise application disruption. By means of experimental evaluation in a realistic infotainment application, we demonstrate that the framework provides an effective, efficient, and scalable solution.


The health care marketplace is undergoing a major transformation that is characterised by the increasing competition between hospitals and physicians. Heads of medical departments are nowadays requested to undertake not only medical and management but also marketing functions. Hospital brochures, internet presentations, press conferences, polls and other tools are used for marketing purposes. The present article describes the legal possibilities and limitations of hospital marketing in Germany.


Abstract We study the singular perturbation approach proposed by Lavrentiev for the regularization of systems of Volterra integral equations of the first kind, in the case that the kernel K(t) is not invertible for t = 0 and without assuming K(t) ~ t v I. We single out a class of kernels, which we call "diagonally dominant". We show that when the kernel belongs to this class then it is possible to regularize the problem using a multiscale singular perturbation method.


Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation may cause tachycardia and hypertension. Magnesium directly inhibits the release of catecholamine from the adrenal medulla, with has a vasodilating effect. Remifentanil indirectly decreases the release of catecholamine by increasing the depth of anesthetic. The effects of magnesium sulfate and remifentanil at attenuating the sympathetic responses were compared during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: Eighty ASA class 1 or 2 patients, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, and requiring endotracheal intubation, were divided into four groups. The patient received either normal saline, 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate, 1.0μg/kg remifentanil or 25 mg/kg magnesium sulfate and 0.5μg/kg remifentanil Groups C, M, R and MR, respectively, according to their assigned group. The specific drugs for each group were administered over a 30 second period prior to the induction of anesthesia with 2 mg/kg propofol and 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine. The Systol ic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded prior to induction (T1), immediately prior to intubation (T2), immediately after intubation (T3), and 1 and 3 minutes after intubation (T4 and T5, respectively). Results: The percentage changes in the systolic blood pressure of groups M, R and MR were lower immediately after intubation than that of group C. The systolic blood pressures of groups M and MR increased from those at the baseline, but the systolic blood pressure of group R decreased from that at the baseline immediately after intubation. The heart rate of group M increased from that at the baseline, but the heart rate of group R decreased from that at the baseline immediately prior to intubation. Conclusions: The blood pressure immediately after endotracheal intubation was increased by the administration of magnesium sulfate, but the induced change was less than that of group C. The blood pressure was decreased by the administration of remifentanil immediately after endotracheal intubation. Magnesium sulfate caused tachycardia, but remifentanil caused bradycardia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 577~82)


Shift work is a common practice in the health care field to maintain 24-hour patient care. The purpose of this article is to recognize the negative impact of shift work on critical care nurses, and identify strategies to mitigate these effects. A review of the literature was completed, using the search terms: 'shift work, 'critical care', impact, and health. The literature revealed that shift work has an adverse effect on the health of a nurse. Some of the health implications include stress, sleep deprivation, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, and mental health illnesses. Furthermore, shift work impacts a nurse's social life and may result in patient harm. Strategies to reduce the negative impact of shift work will be focused on educating critical care nurses and managers. These strategies include frontline staff maintaining a moderate amount of exercise, sustaining a well-balanced diet, using relaxation techniques, reducing the use of cigarettes, working an eight-hour work day, and napping during scheduled breaks. Recommendations for managers include implementing quiet time at the workplace, providing a safe space for staff to nap during breaks, facilitating an eight-hour work day, and encouraging a multidisciplinary team approach when managing workload.


Article history: Received December 10, 2013 Received in revised format 16 March 2014 Accepted April 29 2014 Available online May 2 2014 5S is a systematic technique used by organizations come from five Japanese words; Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Set in order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu(standardize) and Shitsuke (sustain). This system helps to organize a workplace for efficiency and decrease non value added activities and optimize quality and productivity through monitoring an organized environment. This paper aims to review previous studies about benefits of 5S Implementation and its efficiency in organizations. The results show that 5S is an effective tool for improvement of organizational performance, regardless of organization type, size, its production or its service. Consequently, 5S technique would strongly support the objectives of organization to achieve continuous improvement in performance and productivity. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


After a brief description of cognitive-behavioral approaches for the treatment of panic disorder, the advantages and disadvantages of an integrated approach that combines cognitive-behavioral methods and medications are presented. This is followed by presentation of outcome data regarding combined treatment, and of methods for enhancing the implementation of an integrated approach. Finally, directions for future research are listed. Other psychological treatments are not covered due to lack of evidence for their efficacy.


In Xenopus laevis, the capacity to regenerate a new lens from the outer cornea gradually decreases between stages 50 and 58, is almost negligible during the metamorphic climax, and disappears after metamorphosis. The factors responsible for lens transdifferentiation of the outer cornea are produced by the neural retina and are located in the vitreous chamber. This decrease in the regenerative capacity may be due to: (1) a reduction of the inductive power of the retina, (2) a reduction of lens-forming competence of the outer cornea, (3) an inhibition of the lens transdifferentiation process, (4) a combination of these causes. In order to test these hypotheses, fragments of outer cornea or of outer and inner corneas joined together were isolated from early larvae, late larvae and froglets, and implanted into the eye of host larvae during the premetamorphosis or the metamorphic climax. Results from implants of outer cornea into the vitreous chamber showed that the drop in lens regeneration capacity during the metamorphic climax is not due to a decrease in the inductive power of the retinal factor and that the gradual decrease in the regenerative capacity observed between stages 50 and 58 is not related to a substantial diminution in the capacity of outer cornea cells to transdifferentiate into lens fibers. Results from implants of outer and inner corneas joined together showed that in these implants the lens transdifferentiation of the outer cornea was partially inhibited. These findings indicate that the decrease in lens regeneration is mainly due to an inhibition of the lens transdifferentiation process of the outer cornea by the inner cornea. However, even implants of cornea (multilayered epithelium and substantia propria) excised from metamorphosed animals were able to form lens fibers, although to a lesser percentage than that obtained after implantation of fragments of larval outer and inner corneas. Thus, the lens-forming competence in the corneal epithelium is still present to a certain degree even when lens regeneration capacity is lost. Several observations suggest that in the lentectomized eye of late larvae and froglets the mechanical inhibition of lens transdifferentiation process exerted by the inner cornea (or the substantia propria), due to the rapid formation of a connective barrier against the spreading of the retinal factor toward the outer cornea, has a decisive role in maintaining the phenotypic stability of the outer cornea.


Causes of facial rashes and erythema in infants are many but rarely only happen during feeding times which are commonly and sometimes wrongly attributed to food allergy. There is a rare condition called Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome that is characterized by recurrent episodes of gustatory facial flushing and sweating along the cutaneous distribution of Auriculotemporal nerve: the so-called Frey syndrome. This condition is most frequently observed in adults usually after parotid surgery. It is rare in children and is mostly attributed to forceps assisted delivery. It can also be misinterpreted as food allergy. Here we report a case of an infant with Frey syndrome without any history of perinatal trauma, which was considered initially as food allergy and highlights the importance of distinguishing it from food allergy.


SummaryAn efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of the valuable medicinal plant, Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsumura is described through shoot tip proliferation and direct regeneration. Multiple shoots were induced from shoort tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium containing various concentrations (0.5–50 μM) of N6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron, kinetin, and zeatin. A comparison was made on shoot multiplication between semi-solid and liquid culture media. Well-developed shoots were obtained using full-strength MS semi-solid medium containing 5.0 μM BA. However, the greatest shoot proliferation was achieved on either full- or half-strength MS liquid media supplemented with 5.0 μM BA for 4 wk (15.3±0.9 and 15.0±0.7 shoots per explant, respectively), and on half-strength MS liquid medium for 6 wk (25.8±1.3 shoots per explant) in culture. In contrast, the maximum number of shoots per explant on full-strength MS semi-solid medium was achieved with either 5.0 μM BA (10.4±0.6 shoots per explant) or 10.0 μM kinetin (10.9±0.8 shoots per explant). Fresh weight of explants and length of shoots derived from full-strength MS liquid medium (1055±77 mg and 34.2±1.0 mm, respectively) were significantly higher than those derived from full-strength MS semisolid medium (437.6±17.3 mg and 15.4±0.7 mm, respectively). Quarter-strength MS liquid medium had no significant difference in shoot proliferation when compared to quarter-strength MS semi-solid medium. Elongated shoots were separated and rooted on half-strength MS semi-solid media fortified with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM. Root formation was greatest with IBA when compared with IAA and NAA. One hundred percent of shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium with 5.0 μM IBA, while vigorous roots were obtained with 10.0 μM IBA. Micropropagated plantlets were successfully established in soil with 95% survival rate after heardening.


Abstract limestone powder has been the traditional material used in controlling the segregation potential and deformability of fresh self compacting concrete (SCC). This paper deals with the utilization of alternative materials, such as quarry dust, for SCC applications. This experimental tests aimed to observe the effects of stone dust role in SCC, that utilized by addition and partial replacement ranging from 0%. 12,5% , 25% and 37,5% based on the weight of portland cernent material. The tests were done on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength using three standard cylinder specimens for each data. Test results indicate that stone dust could improve the compressive strength of see by addition method with the optimum dosage in 25°/~ addition by weight of cement, but all test results indicate that stone dust will decrease the splitting tensile strength of see both in addition and partial replacement method. Keywords: self compacting concrete, filler, stone dust. compressive strength, splitting tensile strength.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of novel endoscope-assisted vitreous surgery techniques in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by Grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

METHODS
Eight consecutive patients who had undergone endoscope-assisted vitreous surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by Grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy were investigated. The peripheral vitreous was cut under air with the aid of endoscopic view (atmospheric endoscopic technique), and the subretinal proliferation was removed under subretinal endoscopic observation (subretinal endoscopic technique).

RESULTS
Retinal reattachment was achieved after the primary surgery without a large retinotomy and scleral buckling in each case. The mean follow-up was 16.8 months (range, 8-28 months). Atmospheric endoscopic technique was performed in all cases, and subretinal endoscopic technique was performed in three cases. After surgery, the mean best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from 20/778 to 20/111 (P = 0.014). Although microretinal breaks occurred during the removal of vitreous using atmospheric endoscopic technique in all cases, there were no severe postoperative complications, such as retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

CONCLUSION
Endoscope-assisted vitreous surgery with atmospheric endoscopic technique and/or subretinal endoscopic technique is safe and effective in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with Grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy.


Depth-sensing indentation tests were used to determine the hardness of amorphous W–C–Co coatings deposited on different steel and copper substrates. The hardness of the film, Hf , was chosen to be always greater than the hardness of the substrate Hs and within the range Hf/Hs = 2 to 18.5. The influence of the ratio Hf/Hs on the ratio ( t/h _ D )_ C between the film thickness t and the critical value of the indentation depth ( h _ D )_ C , for which the substrate starts to deform plastically, was studied. Two independent methods were used to determine ( h _ D )_ C values. One utilized the differential analysis of the loading part of the indentation curve, and the other was based on the plot of ( Hc – Hs )/( Hf − Hs ) versus t /( h _ D ), Hc being the measured hardness of the film/substrate composite at a given indentation depth ( h _ D ). A good correlation between both methods was found.


The ethical concept of fairness has recently been applied in machine learning (ML) settings to describe a wide range of constraints and objectives. When considering the relevance of ethical concepts to subset selection problems, the concepts of diversity and inclusion are additionally applicable in order to create outputs that account for social power and access differentials. We introduce metrics based on these concepts, which can be applied together, separately, and in tandem with additional fairness constraints. Results from human subject experiments lend support to the proposed criteria. Social choice methods can additionally be leveraged to aggregate and choose preferable sets, and we detail how these may be applied.


Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic and autonomous network composed of wireless mobile hosts or nodes. It is significant that running an on-demand routing protocol with bandwidth assurance in MANET. This paper presents a new on-demand routing algorithm LABGR (location-aided bandwidth guaranteed routing), which is based on nodes' physical locations. The algorithm unifies route stability and nodes' limited energy, and by using constrained diffusing routing and utilizing multi mechanisms to avoid flooding in whole network, it also limits the number of nodes affected during routing request. Hence, the algorithm efficiently increases the efficiency of routing request and guarantees the bandwidth of links. Finally, the paper analyzes the characteristics of LABGR.


A series of experiments were carried out at the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among four cucurbitaceous crops viz. cucumber, bottle Gourd, sweet Gourd and bitter Gourd. Three varieties of each crop were tested. Data on insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity of E. dodecastigma were collected. The highest number of Epilachna beetle was recorded on cucumber and the lowest was on bottle Gourd both in open field and in net cage condition. Among the varieties, the highest insect incidence was recorded on Sitol Sosa and the lowest was on BARI Lau-4 both in open field and in net cage. The highest leaf and twig infestation was found on cucumber crop and its' Sitol Sosa variety, while the lowest was on bottle Gourd crop and its' BARI Lau-4 variety in both open field and in net cage. The Epilachna beetle showed the similar host preference in case of daily food consumption and oviposition rate both in net cage and laboratory condition. Thus, considering the insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity, the crop cucumber and the tested Sitol Sosa variety appeared to be the most preferred host for Epilachna beetle. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 352-358 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12809


a similar relationship to the past as Sebald's narrators, for example, Gestermann makes the claim that the historical materialist's view of the past is primarily an individual and subjective one: "Der unbestreitbare Fokus des historischen Materialismus auf eine Betrachtung der Vergangenheit, die sich am subjektiven Blick der Einzelperson ausrichtet, entspricht ganz der erzählerischen Haltung Sebalds und der Perspektive seiner personalen Erzählerinstanzen" (71; similar claims appear throughout the book). The engagement with the past that Benjamin promotes, however, is clearly one meant to operate on a collective level. As Michael Löwy writes in Fire Alarm: Reading Walter Benjamin's "On the Concept of History," "The only possible Messiah is a collective one [ . . . ]. It is not a question of waiting for the Messiah [ . . . ] but of acting collectively" (trans. Chris Turner, Verso 2005: 33). Moreover, in applying Benjamin's ideas to Sebald's works, Gestermann often elides a key distinction: that between the individual's memory of personal experiences and the collective memory of historical events in which individuals may participate. While it may be fruitful to move Benjamin's ideas about the commemoration of the historical past onto new ground by applying them to personal memory, not to acknowledge the act of translation this involves is to exaggerate the parallel between the two writers' subjects. Limited by the narrowness of its focus and by these faulty claims, Vergegenwärtigung der Vergangenheit constitutes a minor contribution to scholarship on W.G. Sebald.


As a basic aspect of computer vision, reliable tracking of multiple objects is still an open and challenging issue for both theory studies and real applications. A novel multi-object tracking algorithm based on multiple cameras is proposed in this paper. We obtain the foreground likelihood maps in each view by modeling the background using the codebook algorithm. The view-to-view homographies are computed using several landmarks on the chosen plane. Then, we achieve the location information of multi-target at chest layer and realize the tracking task. The proposed algorithm does not require detecting the vanishing points of cameras, which reduces the complexity and improves the accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results show that our method is robust to the occlusion and could satisfy the real-time tracking requirement.


ABSTRACT The photodegradation of methyl orange in water by the catalyst TiO2 or the oxidants (H2O2, KIO4) or their combination (TiO2 + H2O2, TiO2 + KIO4) under UV light illumination is studied. During the above process, as far as the photodiscoloration degree of methyl orange is concerned, the effect sequence is KIO4 + TiO2 >> KIO4 > TiO2 + H2O2 > TiO2 > H2O2; as far as the photomineralization degree of methyl orange is concerned, the effect sequence is TiO2 ≈ TiO2 + H2O2 > H2O2 > KIO4 + TiO2 >> KIO4; as for the catalysis of TiO2, h+ plays more important role than HO·, the inorganic ions (, , , ) are generated, especially for the amount of . Active HO· is generated, we can measure HO· by terephthalic acid (TA) indirectly: TA reacts with HO· to form highly fluorescent product, namely 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (TAOH). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The data on chemical constitution of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grain and grain yield were recorded for sixty three hybrids and their sixteen parents during post rainy season of 2004. Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied. More or less equal magnitude of both genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for all the characters. Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance were found to be high to moderate for recorded characters. Highly significant negative correlation was observed between grain yield and protein. Phytate phosphorus is positively associated with phosphorus and negatively associated with iron and zinc. This study suggested that simultaneous improvement of both grain quality characters and grain yield is difficult.


We compute the full-color two-loop five-gluon amplitude for the all-plus helicity configuration. In order to achieve this, we calculate the required master integrals for all permutations of the external legs, in the physical scattering region. We verify the expected divergence structure of the amplitude and extract the finite hard function. We further validate our result by checking the factorization properties in the collinear limit. Our result is fully analytic and valid in the physical scattering region. We express it in a compact form containing logarithms, dilogarithms, and rational functions.