The Variational Multiscale (VMS) method has appeared as a promising new approach to the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent flows. The key advantage of the VMS approach is that it allows different subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling assumptions to be made at different ranges of the resolved scales. Typically, in the VMS method, SGS modeling is confined to the smallest resolved scales, leaving the dynamically important large scales free from the direct influence of the SGS model. Prior implementations of the VMS approach have been restricted to either incompressible formulations, simple geometries and/or small time steps. We propose a space-time VMS method for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, which aims to overcome the difficulties associated with prior VMS implementations. In particular, we aim to develop a method that is applicable to complex flow geometries with a minimum number of degrees of freedom, and that can march at time steps which are chosen to resolve the physical phenomena of interest rather than to satisfy stability constraints. The spatial discretization of the proposed computational approach corresponds to a high-order continuous Galerkin method, which due to its hierarchical nature provides a natural framework for 'a priori' scale separation, which is crucial for the VMS method. As the method is formulated in a space-time framework, it supports continuous as well as discontinuous discretizations in time. Time-discontinuous discretizations offer great flexibility for adaptation, but may be computationally expensive. Time-continuous discretizations, on the other hand, potentially offer a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost. We consider three different time discretizations, viz. a first-order time-continuous Galerkin method (TCG) in time, a second-order time-continuous Petrov-Galerkin method (TCPG) and a third-order discontinuous Galerkin method (TDG). We consider the efficacy of the spatial VMS discretization for the computation of fully-developed turbulent channel flow. We show that the present method leads to reduced resolution requirements compared to traditional LES approaches applying similar SGS models directly to all the resolved scales. The crucial parameter for obtaining reliable low-order statistics is found to be the large/small partition of the resolved scales. In particular, it is shown that when using simple eddy-viscosity models, the finite element basis functions capable of representing the basic dynamics of the near-wall coherent structures should be released from the direct influence of the SGS model. As space-time methods are necessarily implicit, a challenge is to ensure that the computations are carried out at reasonable cost. Therefore, we have conducted a detailed performance analysis to investigate the factors that influence the accuracy and computational cost of the proposed methods. For this purpose we consider again the turbulent channel flow. First, we examine the different time discretizations. It is demonstrated that the TCG method is not a competitive time discretization for the time steps of interest. The TCPG and TDG method, on the other hand, produce accurate and very similar results for relatively large time steps. However, the TDG method is considerably more computationally expensive as it uses twice the number of degrees of freedom compared to the TCPG method. Therefore, except for reasons of adaptation, the TCPG method is preferred here. Next, we compare the accuracy and cost of different spatial $hp$-resolutions for a similar total number of degrees of freedom. It is shown that the spatially higher-order methods lead to increased accuracy compared to a standard linear Galerkin method which cannot exploit the advantages of the present VMS formulation. However, higher-order methods are inherently expensive, as the computational work required within a time step scales quadratically with the number of finite element basis functions, while it scales only linear with the number of elements. Higher-order methods also have significantly denser system matrices resulting in rapidly increasing memory requirements with the order of the scheme. As the computational cost associated with higher-order methods is still relatively high, additional research areas are suggested for the goal of improving the method's cost efficiency.


BACKGROUND
Despite rich source of protein and oil, wild (bitter) apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel is rarely exploited by food industries due to high amount of antinutrients and potentially toxic amygdalin. This study was aimed to assess the effect of detoxification on the biological quality of the wild apricot kernel (WAK)-supplemented diet in male Wistar albino rats.

RESULTS
In order to detoxify, WAK flour was soaked in 25% sodium chloride solution for 24 h followed by washing and drying. Results revealed that detoxification significantly (P < 0.05) improved the nutritional quality by reducing the content of antinutrients (tannins, flavonoids, trypsin inhibitor, saponins, oxalates, phytates and hydrocyanic acid) from raw WAK. When compared with the raw kernel group, the detoxified WAK group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for growth performance parameters - namely feed consumed (169.14 ± 3.40 versus 152.14 ± 1.59 g), protein consumed (16.91 ± 0.63 versus 15.21 ± 0.68 g), weight gain (64.77 ± 2.59 versus 48.74 ± 0.62 g), protein efficiency ratio (3.83 ± 0.33 versus 3.20 ± 0.36), feed efficiency ratio (0.38 ± 0.017 vs 0.32 ± 0.02), biological value (73.62 ± 4.53 versus 65.26 ± 4.60%), apparent protein digestibility (78.55 ± 1.37 versus 70.35 ± 2.66%), true protein digestibility and net protein utilization, suggesting a prominent effect of detoxification in order to improve the biological quality of the WAK.

CONCLUSION
Detoxification improved the biological quality of the WAK-supplemented diet. Hence, detoxified kernel flour could be utilized as an economic and quality source of protein and oil for the supplementation of value-added food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.


In Mio My Son and The Brothers Lionhearts, Astrid Lindgren broke the rules of the
fantasy genre, especially in the third phase of the heroic journey when Mio and
Blazic, M. (2009). Astrid Lindgren – Breaking the magic code and establishing a new one - Soul Journey.
AILIJ (Anuario de Investigacion en Literatura Infantil y juvenil) 7 (2), 29-37. ISSN 1578-6072.
(Recibido 28 November 2008/ Received 28 November 2009)
(Aceptado 25 Junio 2009/ Accepted 25 June 2009)
Milena Mileva Blazic
-30-
AILIJ, No7 (2), 2009
the brothers – Jonathan and Karl did not return to the real chronotope (real time
and place). Instead, they remained in the fantasy chronotope (fantasy time and
place). With this rupture of the traditional fantasy code, Lindgren created a new
modern pattern in the fantasy genre in Mio My Son: home (Thirteen North Street in
Stockholm) – away (Farawayland) – far away (The land on the other side or Outer
Land) and in The Brothers Lionheart: home (2nd floor at Fackelrosen building), away
(jump out to fantasy 1 Nangiylima) and far away (jump out to fantasy 2 Nangilima).
This rupture of the traditional fantasy code grew out of the modern concept of child
and childhood, which rejected the traditional romantization of child and childhood
in children's literature.


Bottlebrush polymers are a class of semiflexible, hierarchical macromolecules with unique potential for shape-, architecture-, and composition-based structure–property design. It is now well-established that in dilute to semidilute solution, bottlebrush homopolymers adopt a wormlike conformation, which decreases in extension (persistence length) as the concentration and molecular overlap increase. By comparison, the solution phase self-assembly of bottlebrush diblock copolymers (BBCP) in a good solvent remains poorly understood, despite critical relevance for solution processing of ordered phases and photonic crystals. In this work, we combine small-angle X-ray scattering, coarse-grained simulation, and polymer synthesis to map the equilibrium phase behavior and conformation of a set of large, nearly symmetric PS-b-PLA bottlebrush diblock copolymers in toluene. Three BBCP are synthesized, with side chains of number-averaged molecular weights of 4500 (PS) and 4200 g/mol (PLA) and total backbone degrees of polymerization of 100, 255, and 400 repeat units. The grafting density is one side chain per backbone repeat unit. With increasing concentration in solution, all three polymers progress through a similar structural transition: from dispersed, wormlike chains with concentration-dependent (decreasing) extension, through the onset of disordered PS/PLA compositional fluctuations, to the formation of a long-range ordered lamellar phase. With increasing concentration in the microphase-separated regimes, the domain spacing increases as individual chains partially re-extend due to block immiscibility. Increases in the backbone degree of polymerization lead to changes in the scattering profiles which are consistent with the increased segregation strength. Coarse-grained simulations using an implicit side-chain model are performed, and concentration-dependent self-assembly behavior is qualitatively matched to experiments. Finally, using the polymer with the largest backbone length, we demonstrate that lamellar phases develop a well-defined photonic band gap in solution, which can be tuned across the visible spectrum by varying polymer concentration.


The work is proposed to track the medical history of a patient and hence a Finger Biometric Module is used for tracking the medical history records. The medical records are to be stored in the database server present in the hospital, organization or anywhere in the world. It is connected with the terminal of physician through LAN, Wi-Fi or internet. Whenever, the Finger of the patient is read by a Finger Biometric Module connected to the data server, the complete information of the patient will be appeared on the computer screen of the doctor. So doctor can access the previous records of patient instantly on his computer screen. The token will be generated for providing the sequence to the patient for the respective departments where they wish to visit. The token status is updated by the doctors of respective departments by reading their own Finger on the Finger Biometric module which transmitted over the wireless network in the hospital and it will be displayed at the reception.


Model checking transition systems with delays using timed logics such as TCTL is an attractive technique for proper verification of hardware descriptions. TCTL model checking requires the construction of time regions which depends not only on the timed graph, but also the TCTL formula. This limits the efficiency of a pure top-down approach for model checking. We propose a restricted version of TCTL, namely DCTL, which can be checked in a pure top-down manner without augmenting the region graph a priori.


Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive of all potato diseases. In the Bolivian Andes, it is common, but this does not seem to have always been the case. The aim of the present work was to review the historic literature to produce a record of the disease in Bolivia. No mention of late blight appears in any 19th century document. Indeed, the earliest mention of the disease is from 1943. Late blight would therefore seem to be a relatively new disease in Bolivia.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Supercooling preservation techniques store a donor organ below 0°C without freezing. This has great advantages in inhibiting metabolism and preserving the organ in comparison to conventional preservation at 4°C. We developed a novel supercooling technique using a liquid cooling apparatus and novel preservation and perfusion solutions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservation effect of our supercooling preservation technique in a mouse heart transplantation model. Methods. Syngeneic heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in 3 groups of mice: (1) the nonpreservation group, in which the cardiac grafts were transplanted immediately after retrieval; (2) the conventional University of Wisconsin (UW) group, in which the cardiac grafts were stored in UW solution at 4°C for different periods of time; and (3) the supercooling group, in which the cardiac grafts were stored in a novel supercooling preservation solution at –8°C for different periods of time. The maximal preservation time was investigated. Twenty-four-hour sample data were collected and analyzed to compare supercooling preservation to conventional UW preservation. Results. Our technique yielded a stable –8°C supercooling state. Cardiac graft revival was successfully achieved after supercooling preservation for 144 hours, and long-term survival was observed after supercooling preservation for 96 hours. Posttransplant outcomes, including myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, oxidative stress-related damage, and myocardial cell apoptosis, were improved in comparison to conventional 4°C UW preservation. Conclusions. Supercooling heart preservation at –8°C greatly prolonged the preservation time and improved the posttransplant outcomes in comparison to conventional 4°C UW preservation. Supercooling preservation is a promising technique for organ preservation.


It is well established today that emotions are an important part of most societal dynamics. The current article focuses on the role of different collective emotional elements in creating, preserving, and resolving conflicts. The main premise is that collective emotions play a pivotal role in shaping individual and societal responses to conflicting events and in contributing to the evolvement of a social context that maintains the emotional climate and collective emotional orientation that have developed. The first part of the article provides a conceptual framework to discuss the relations between conflict, context, and collective emotions. The second part uses the conceptual framework to discuss the societal implications of the articles presented in this issue. Taken together, the parts create a platform for future research on the role of collective emotions in conflict resolution and the construction of cultures of peace.


The diamond lattice type group IV semiconductors C, SiC, Si and Ge exhibit an indirect band gap with the conduction band minimum outside the Brillouin zone center. Ultrathin superlattices are predicted to convert the indirect band gap into a quasi-direct one under certain circumstances. Growth of Si/Ge strained monolayer superlattices (SMS) by molecular beam epitaxy is explained, and experimental results obtained with these structures are discussed.


The incorporation of an attractant mixture by substitution of an equivalent amount of basal dietary mixture was studied in terms of feed intake and growth performance in European seabass juveniles (mean initial weight : 17 g) fed plant-protein rich diets during 21 days. Three diets had as main protein sources; fish meal, or one of two soy protein concentrates (S and E). To the basal mixture of these last two diets, as well as to a corn-gluten based diet, an attractant amino acid mixture was added at a 2.5% level. Daily feed intake was measured throughout the experimental period. Feed intake and weight gain were highest in seabass fed the fish meal based diet. In those fed the soy protein concentrate diets, the addition of the attractant mixture improved growth significantly; voluntary feed intake and feed efficiency were also ameliorated in these
 groups. In terms of growth, feed intake and protein utilisation, lowest values were found in fish fed with the corn-gluten rich diet, supplemented with the amino acid mixture.


Almost all existing multi-description coding (MDC) schemes are designed for media streaming over Internet. In this work, a wavelet-based video MDC technique is introduced that fits the criteria of media streaming over peer-to-peer networks. Our proposed method assigns descriptions to the senders due to their characteristic (i.e. bandwidth and availability). In contrast to traditional MDC, different descriptions in the proposed method have different importance in remaking the original media. Our simulation results show considerable improvement of video quality at the receiver (up to 10 dB) as compared to the state-of-the-art.


The integrity and issues related performance associated with scaling Si MOSFET channel length promotes research in new device SOI, double gate and GAA MOSFET. In this paper, we pr novel characteristic of horizontal rectangular gate MOSFETs with dual metal of gate we obtained using SILVACO TCAD tools. We will also exhibit some simulation results we obtained relating to the influence of some parameters variation on our structure, that having a direct impact on their drain current. In addition, our TFET showed reasonable I of (10) and low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 39 Keywords—GAA, SILVACO, QUANTUM,


Abstract Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp., a new Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (i.e., stem-Orthoptera), is described from the Tupo Formation based on 64 specimens, including an individual with parts of body and legs preserved. The range of intra-specific variation in forewing venation pattern is documented in detail. Well-preserved isolated hind wings are associated with forewings based on more complete material. The combination of character states exhibited by the new species indicates relationships with the extinct order Cnemidolestodea. Mandibular and prothoracic morphology suggest that Longzhua loculata n. gen. n. sp. had carnivorous and predatory habits.


Al-TiO2 thin films were prepared using a sol-gel derived spin coating by varying the Al/Ti molar ratio from 0 to 0.73 to investigate the effect of Al doping on the optical band gap energy (Eg) of the films. GAXRD results indicated that Al-TiO2 is composed of anatase and FTO phases when the Al/Ti molar ratio was less than 0.18. Above 0.38, no other peaks except FTO were found and transparency of the films was severely deteriorated. Eg of Al-TiO2 decreased from 3.20 eV to 2.07 eV when the Al/Ti ratio was raised from 0 to 0.38. Eg of 2.59 eV was found for the anatase Al-TiO2 films having the Al/Ti ratio of 0.18. The absorption band of Al-TiO2 coatings shifted dramatically from the UV region to the visible region with increasing the amount of Al dopant. The Al doping was mainly attributed to the optical band gap energy of Al-TiO2.


We construct a large class of quantum d ⊗ d states which are positive under partial transposition (so called PPT states). The construction is based on certain direct sum decomposition of the total Hilbert space displaying characteristic circular structure — that is way we call them circulant states. It turns out that partial transposition maps any such decomposition into another one and hence both original density matrix and its partially transposed partner share similar cyclic properties. This class contains many well known examples of PPT states from the literature and gives rise to a huge family of completely new states.


Purpose: To determine the correlation between therapeutic effects of IVA treatment on typical AMD (tAMD), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Methods: Prospective, interventional study. Subjects were assigned to 125 untreated patients with exudative AMD (tAMD: 58 patients, PCV: 67 patients, male: 91:34, mean age 73.4 years). Among the tAMD patients, there were 28 bimonthly injections 30 who received pro re nata (PRN) injections after three monthly injections. Among the PCV patients, 33 were treated with bimonthly injections and 34 received PRN injections after three monthly injections. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CCT), and exudative change after 3 months and 1 year from initial treatment, and also the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and five SNPs (rs10490924, rs800292, rs699947, rs1061170, rs13278062).Results: Improvements of BCVA, CRT were observed in all groups at 1 year after initial treatment. The one-yearchange in CRT showed significant improvement in nonsmokers than smokers in tAMD. The one-year change in CRT indicated a significant improvement in non-diabetic patients in PCV. There was more exudation at both 3 months and 1 year who had smoking history in tAMD. With respect to the rs1061170 mutation of tAMD, in the case with TT type, significant residual exudation was noted at both 3 and 12 months.Conclusions: The history of smoking and diabetes could be influence to IVA treatment for AMD.


New faster line clipping algorithm in E 2 against a convex polygon with O(lgN) complexity is presented. The main advantage of the presented algorithm is the principal acceleration of the line clipping problem solution. A comparison of the proposed algorithm with others shows a significant improvement in run-time. Experimental results for selected known algorithms are also shown.


An online method is proposed to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in digital radiology from console-displayed kerma area product (PKA) data. ESAK values were calculated from X-ray tube outputs and patient exposure factors across five X-ray examinations. The corresponding PKAvalues were taken from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header. Using linear regression between ESAK and values, the slope and intercept coefficients for each type of X-ray equipment and procedure were determined. The coefficient to determine ESAK from ranged from 59% for a posteroanterior chest to 88% for anteroposterior lumbar spine view X-ray procedures. The results demonstrated the possibility of online estimates of ESAK from a console that displayed using readily available digital information in radiology. The results may have important implications in interventional radiology, where ESAK values are crucial for preventing skin injuries due to prolonged fluoroscopy times.


Advanced breast cancer is notorious for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. An ablated regulation in the EGFR family receptor signaling has been linked to the development of numerous tumor types, including breast cancer. HER3 is a unique member of the EGFR family that lacks intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. However, HER3 can initiate signaling when dimerized with other family members such as HER2. HER3 overexpression is correlated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. HER3 also plays an important role in drug resistance mechanism such as in trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cell lines where it dimerize with EGFR to initiate signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway. The identification of interaction partners of HER39s C-tail is critical to understand the signaling mechanism underpinning HER39s role in drug resistance and in progression of breast cancer. Our laboratory has identified a panel of novel HER3-interacting proteins by a combined immunoprecipitation and mass-spectrometry approach. One of the novel HER3 interacting proteins is DJ-1 which is a chaperone protein that plays an important role in the development of many cancers, including breast cancer. DJ-1 knockdown in high HER3 expressing breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 and MDA- MB-453 resulted in the reduction in HER3 levels as well as proteins downstream of the HER3 signaling pathway such as MAPK. We have also demonstrated that DJ-1 knockdown led to decrease in cancer cell proliferation. Studies are now in progress to determine the mechanism of regulation of HER3 by DJ-1 and the impact of DJ-1 KD in in vivo breast cancer xenograft models. These studies will help us to decipher key molecules which regulate HER3 mediated signaling and their role in breast cancer development and progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-11-03.


Current CAT applications consist of predominantly dichotomous items, and CATs with polytomously scored items are limited. To ascertain the best approach to polytomous CAT, a significant amount of research has been conducted on item selection, ability estimation, and impact of termination rules based on polytomous IRT models. Few studies investigated the optimal pool characteristics for polytomous CAT implementation. Using the generalized partial credit model (GPCM) (Muraki, 1992), this study aims to identify an optimal item pool design for tests with polytomous items by extending the p-optimality method (Reckase, 2007).
The extension includes the definition of at-bin to describe polytomous items succinctly for pool design, and item generation strategy using constrained nonlinear optimization method. Optimal item pools are generated using CAT simulations with and without practical constraints. The item pool characteristics under each condition are summarized and their performance is evaluated against an extended operational item pool.
The results indicated that the practical constraints of the a-stratified exposure control and content balancing do not affect pool size to a large extent. However, the a-stratified control affects the pool characteristics greatly: the items included in the simulated pools with the control have larger a-parameter and provide higher maximum information on average. On the other hand, the content balancing applied in this study has little impact on pool design.
The evaluation results of the pool performance are closely related to the pool characteristics. When the a-stratified exposure control applied, the consistent results include: 1) the average test information is lower than that without the constraint; 2) RMSE is higher and the correlation between the true and estimated abilities is lower; 3) the percentage of the correct classification for the highest achievement level is lower. However, for all the simulated optimal pools, while the test information is consistently above the target level 10.0, it is concluded that the a-stratified method resulted in an efficient use of less discriminative items with small decreases in measurement precision.
With regard to the item pool usage, the percentage of items that are fully used, well used, rarely used, and never used are quite comparable for the pools designed with constraints. However, compared with the extended operational pool, when the a-stratified method applied, the conditional test overlap rate of the simulated pools is consistently lower.
For the pool blueprint, because the normal ability distribution is assumed, more items are included in the middle of the ability scale for all simulated optimal pools. The distributions of the a- and b- parameters are similar under all conditions. When the a-stratified method applied, there are fewer items in the first stratum and the number of items in the second and third stratum is nearly identical. In addition, with the content balancing control, the number of items in the first content area is slightly less than the second one.


Environmental performance is becoming increasingly essential for promoting local officials in China; thus, their pursuit of promotion may affect agricultural output. This study spatially matched Chinese local official promotion data, regional agricultural output, river-water-quality-monitoring stations, and riverside enterprise discharge data. Based on the difference-in-difference model, the exogenous impact of the natural experiment based on the promotion of officials is quantified as how the promotion behavior of local officials in pursuit of environmental achievements affects agricultural output. This was examined under the decentralization system of China's environmental governance. The results show that local officials improve agricultural production by controlling environmental pollution through promotion incentives. However, since the central government can observe the regulatory effect of upstream officials through the readings of water monitoring stations, upstream officials strictly enforce the central environmental regulations due to promotion motivation, while downstream officials do not strictly enforce their counterparts. This can result in differentiated impacts on agriculture in upstream and downstream regions. We also carried out a parallel test, placebo test, and measurement error test for the quasi-natural experiment, and the conclusions derived from the analysis remained robust. Our study has important implications for designing compatible environmental governance contracts and incentive policies for promoting agricultural production.


Strategic and security analysis of the Horn of Africa systematically portrays the roots of instability as external. However, the region's stability or instability is largely determined by local actors and conditions. Local agency and context largely set the conditions for the involvement of external actors. This article discusses how state and nonstate actors have conducted their engagement with outside powers, especially the Gulf states, at a time of increasing rivalry for influence in the Horn of Africa, with examples ranging from Ethiopia to Somalia, and from Djibouti to Somaliland.


Background and aims Inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism are a diverse group of disorders with possible serious or life-threatening symptoms. They may be associated with neurological symptoms, renal stone disease or immunodeficiency. However, the clinical presentation can be nonspecific and mild so that a number of cases may be missed. Previously published assays lacked detection of certain diagnostically important biomarkers, including SAICAr, AICAr, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and orotidine, necessitating the use of separate assays for their detection. Moreover, the limited sensitivity for some analytes in earlier assays may have hampered the reliable detection of mild cases. Therefore, we aimed to develop a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay that allows the simultaneous and sensitive detection of an extended range of purine and pyrimidine biomarkers in urine. Methods The assay was developed and validated using LC-MS/MS and clinically tested by analyzing ERNDIM Diagnostic Proficiency Testing (DPT) samples and further specimens from patients with various purine and pyrimidine disorders. Results Reliable determination of 27 analytes including SAICAr, AICAr, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and orotidine was achieved in urine following a simple sample preparation. The method clearly distinguished pathological and normal samples and differentiated between purine and pyrimidine defects in all clinical specimens. Conclusions A LC-MS/MS assay allowing the simultaneous, sensitive and reliable diagnosis of an extended range of purine and pyrimidine disorders has been developed. The validated method has successfully been tested using ERNDIM Diagnostic Proficiency Testing (DPT) samples and further clinical specimens from patients with various purine and pyrimidine disorders. Sample preparation is simple and assay duration is short, facilitating an easier inclusion of the assay into the diagnostic procedures.


Deep learning (DL) offers promising performance in computer vision tasks and is highly suitable for dental image recognition and analysis. We evaluated the accuracy of DL algorithms in identifying and classifying dental implant systems (DISs) using dental imaging. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases and identified studies published between January 2011 and March 2022. Studies conducted on DL approaches for DIS identification or classification were included, and the accuracy of the DL models was evaluated using panoramic and periapical radiographic images. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using QUADAS-2. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRDCRD42022309624). From 1,293 identified records, 9 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The DL-based implant classification accuracy was no less than 70.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.6%-75.9%) and no higher than 98.19 (95% CI, 97.8%-98.5%). The weighted accuracy was calculated, and the pooled sample size was 46,645, with an overall accuracy of 92.16% (95% CI, 90.8%-93.5%). The risk of bias and applicability concerns were judged as high for most studies, mainly regarding data selection and reference standards. DL models showed high accuracy in identifying and classifying DISs using panoramic and periapical radiographic images. Therefore, DL models are promising prospects for use as decision aids and decision-making tools; however, there are limitations with respect to their application in actual clinical practice.


The dynamic wellbore pressure induced by the frictional pressure loss and swab/surge pressure may lead to wellbore instability in the process of drilling. However, the traditional wellbore stability analysis assumes a steady wellbore pressure, rather than a dynamic wellbore pressure. Therefore, to investigate the influence of dynamic wellbore pressure on wellbore stability, an elastoplastic model was proposed by involving the dynamic wellbore pressure, and the finite element method was employed to solve this model. The normalized yield zone area (NYZA) was utilized to characterize the stability of wellbore. The influences of waveform, mean pressure, amplitude, period, and cycle number of the dynamic wellbore pressure wave on wellbore stability were simulated and discussed. The results indicated that the equivalent plastic strain and NYZA increased significantly when the dynamic wellbore pressure is applied, so that the dynamic wellbore pressure has a significant impact on the wellbore stability. Both waveform and wave period almost have no impact on wellbore stability, while the mean pressure, wave amplitude, and cycle number have a significant impact on wellbore stability. Overall, the rank of influence degree on wellbore stability are as follows: cycle number > wave amplitude > mean pressure > waveform > wave period. The primary cause of wellbore instability is the accumulation of plastic damage induced by shear or compressive stress around the wellbore.

 Wellbore instability is a classic rock mechanics problem, it is generally caused by excessive stress concentration that exceeds rock strength. Wellbore instability costs drilling industry certainly more than $100 million per year worldwide (Fjar et al., 2008; Ma et al. 2018a; Aadnoy and Looyeh, 2019; Yang and Liu 2021).


Despite spectacular advances in conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell many aspects of its operating modes are still poorly understood. Capacitance constitutes a key parameter to explore which mechanisms control particular functioning and undesired effects as current hysteresis. Analyzing capacitive responses allows addressing not only the nature of charge distribution in the device but also the kinetics of the charging processes and how they alter the solar cell current. Two main polarization processes are identified. Dielectric properties of the microscopic dipolar units through the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition account for the measured intermediate frequency capacitance. Electrode polarization caused by interfacial effects, presumably related to kinetically slow ions piled up in the vicinity of the outer interfaces, consistently explain the reported excess capacitance values at low frequencies. In addition, current-voltage curves and capacitive responses of perovskite-based solar cells are connected. The observed hysteretic effect in the dark current originates from the slow capacitive mechanisms.


Introduction
On March 19, 2020, a mandatory lockdown was imposed in Argentina due to the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives
To explore the elderlys healthcare experiences during the lockdown and the problems that may have arisen regarding accessibility to the healthcare system and emerging adaptations to medical care.

Methods
We coded the data using Atlas.ti 8 software and then triangled the analysis among researchers from different backgrounds. Finally, concept maps were developed and themes arising from these were described.

Results
Thirty-nine participants were interviewed from the metropolitan area in Buenos Aires from April to July of 2020. The main emerging themes were: 1) access to regularly scheduled consults, 2) access to chronic medication, 3) emergency consultations, and 4) the role of information and communication technologies. Accessibility to the healthcare system was compromised due to reduced outpatient consultations, affecting health checkups, diagnosis, and treatment. However, participants tried to keep their immunizations up to date. Information and communication technologies were used to fill digital prescriptions and online medical consultations. While this was a solution to many, others did not have access to these technologies or had trouble using them.

Conclusions
The global pandemic caused a reduction in outpatient medical consultations. Emerging needs originated new ways of carrying out medical consultations, mainly through information and communication technologies, which was a solution for many but led to the exclusion of others because of the preexisting technology gap.


Permafrost-affected tundra soils are significant sources of the climate-relevant trace gas methane (CH 4 ). The observed accelerated warming of the arctic will cause deeper permafrost thawing, followed by increased carbon mineralization and CH 4 formation in water-saturated tundra soils, thus creating a positive feedback to climate change. Aerobic CH 4 oxidation is regarded as the key process reducing CH 4 emissions from wetlands, but quantification of turnover rates has remained difficult so far. The application of carbon stable isotope fractionation enables the in situ quantification of CH 4 oxidation efficiency in arctic wetland soils. The aim of the current study is to quantify CH 4 oxidation efficiency in permafrost-affected tundra soils in Russia's Lena River delta based on stable isotope signatures of CH 4 . Therefore, depth profiles of CH 4 concentrations and δ 13 CH 4 signatures were measured and the fractionation factors for the processes of oxidation (α ox ) and diffusion (α diff ) were determined. Most previous studies employing stable isotope fractionation for the quantification of CH 4 oxidation in soils of other habitats (such as landfill cover soils) have assumed a gas transport dominated by advection (α trans = 1). In tundra soils, however, diffusion is the main gas transport mechanism and diffusive stable isotope fractionation should be considered alongside oxidative fractionation. For the first time, the stable isotope fractionation of CH 4 diffusion through water-saturated soils was determined with an α diff = 1.001 p 0.000 ( n = 3). CH 4 stable isotope fractionation during diffusion through air-filled pores of the investigated polygonal tundra soils was α diff = 1.013 p 0.003 ( n = 18). Furthermore, it was found that α ox differs widely between sites and horizons (mean α ox = 1.017 ± 0.009) and needs to be determined on a case by case basis. The impact of both fractionation factors on the quantification of CH 4 oxidation was analyzed by considering both the potential diffusion rate under saturated and unsaturated conditions and potential oxidation rates. For a submerged, organic-rich soil, the data indicate a CH 4 oxidation efficiency of 50% at the anaerobic–aerobic interface in the upper horizon. The improved in situ quantification of CH 4 oxidation in wetlands enables a better assessment of current and potential CH 4 sources and sinks in permafrost-affected ecosystems and their potential strengths in response to global warming.


A first-principles theoretical investigation of positron annihilation in alkali halide crystals is carried out using a simplified cluster-embedding scheme. The system is represented as a halide-centred cluster with basis functions only at the centre. The rest of the crystal is modelled in two ways: (i) point ions located at lattice positions; and (ii) frozen-orbital ions derived from an energy band calculation for the pure crystal. Calculations for both models are carried out within the self-interaction-corrected local spin-density approximation and by incorporating an electron - positron correlation functional. The effect of the model assumed on the calculated positron lifetimes is analysed by demonstrating the sensitivity of the results to the inclusion of the Madelung potential. A comparison of positron lifetimes of the ground state of the positron to lifetime components identified in experimental work on lithium and sodium halide systems is made.


Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is widely used for deposition of various nickel-containing coatings, such as catalytic nickel thin films and nanoparticles, nickel silicide alloys and magnetic carbon-nickel nanocomposite layers. Here we report preliminary results from an attempt to use bis-(ethylcyclopentadienyl) nickel [(EtCp)2Ni] as a precursor for MOCVD of Ni-C thin films in the (EtCp)2Ni-Ar and (EtCp)2Ni-H2-Ar reaction systems. Mechanism of precursor fragmentation was proposed on the basis of the results from a study of gaseous reaction products in the exhaust line of the reactor by means of mass-spectrometry. It was found that an introduction of hydrogen in the gas phase led to an increase in conversion rate of the precursor. Deposited films were analyzed by means of atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS). The effect of hydrogen on growth rate, composition, and morphology of the deposited Ni-C films were experimentally studied.


The biobased chemical developer Genomatica has acquired the assets of REG Life Sciences, a division of Renewable Energy Group, for an undisclosed sum. REG LS is largely the former LS9, which Renewable Energy Group acquired in 2014 for $40 million. Genomatica says it plans to use the acquired assets, which include over 550 patents and patent applications, to develop sustainable chemicals for cleaning and flavor and fragrance applications. Genomatica's current focus is on fermentation-derived C4 and C6 chemicals. The acquisition brings technology for longer-chain chemicals.


In this paper, we consider a signal-level maximum likelihood detection for multiple-input multiple-output filter-bank multicarrier-quadrature amplitude modulation (MIMO FBMC-QAM) system with two prototype filters. Under high-frequency selective channels, the conventional symbol-level maximum likelihood detection suffers from degraded bit error rate performances because it cannot utilize the oversampling characteristics of the signal-level. However, due to intrinsic interference and high computational complexity, a maximum likelihood detection cannot be applied directly to the signal-level. To solve this problem, we propose a signal-level maximum likelihood detection based on partial candidates. Utilizing the diagonal dominant characteristics of effective channels, the proposed signal-level maximum likelihood detection can reduce the effect of intrinsic interference with practical computational complexity. Moreover, a region ordering algorithm based on Euclidean distance can improve the efficiency of the proposed signal-level maximum likelihood detection. Simulation results show that the proposed signal-level maximum likelihood detection can outperform the bit error rate performance of the conventional symbol-level maximum likelihood detection.


In this study, a theoretical model is established using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software in order to investigate the effects of different design and operation parameters on the performance of the cascade systems for Ultra Low Temperature (ULT) between -50 oC and -100 oC. The analysis is performed for natural and synthetic refrigerant pairs to find an environmentally friendly alternative to commercial synthetic refrigerants. Effects of common parameters such as the evaporation temperature of low temperature cycle (LTC), the condensation temperature of high temperature cycle (HTC) and the temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger (HX) have been investigated with the proposed model. Furthermore, influence of operation parameters including vapor quality of the refrigerant after the expansion valve and the precooler heat exchanger (PCHX) capacity, crucial to reach ULT conditions, on the system performance are examined. This study also contributes to the theoretical evaluation of the feasible natural refrigerant alternatives for ULT applications and the comparison of these refrigerants with synthetic ones in terms of performance and the environmental aspects. It is found that the natural refrigerant R1270/R170 pair results in about 5% better COP and almost half less CO2 emissions compared to synthetic refrigerant R404A/R508B pair.


Instagram is a popular social media platform. Its ability to convey feelings through photographs has become a valuable communication tool for tourism destination branding. The cases of two destinations in Southern Europe provide an understanding of how Instagram can be used to promote a destination's image by Destination Management Organizations (DMOs). For this purpose, a content analysis is carried out, first of the official Instagram accounts of Algarve (Portugal) and Costa del Sol (Spain), and then of the most popular hashtags related to them, showing User-Generated Content (UGC) from the points of view of both destination managers and tourists. The results show that Instagram is a strategic social media platform for enhancing the brand image by engaging customers. Destinations seize content generated by tourists; therefore, the hermeneutic circle of representation is inverted, as photos taken by tourists aim to reproduce the perceived image of a destination and motivate tourists to capture their experiences with the best picture. Additionally, it is worth highlighting, as a main finding, the role of sustainability as a key factor in UGC for DMOs and for Instagram users. This research provides valuable information about designing promotion strategies for DMOs, in order to understand the potential of Instagram in building a destination's image and inspiring tourism through images.


The object of this research is to find out the effect of athletes perception and achievement motivation toward athletes achievement in sport through quality of training of State Sport School Athletes of Ragunan. The research was conducted at State Sport School Athletes of Ragunan, Jakarta, 2015 to grades 12 with n=52 all populations. The result of the research was that the quality of training and athlete achievement in sport can be increased by improving of athlete perception, and achievement motivation.


Breast cancer is the most leading cancer among women. Usually, pathologists have to examine the histological image slides through the whole slides tissues in different magnifications, to extract the tumor malignancy then the tumor grade. These image's interpretation is one of the time and effort consuming task to define an accurate diagnosis. Consequently, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems are highly demanded. However, the histological images have pervasive variability, which is a big challenge due to the variation of tissue textures and which is hard to be interpreted by the computer. For this, deep learning algorithms have been promised architectures for complex objects, but the problem of the low resource of datasets is still yet a constraint to build an efficient medical system for image classification.In this work, we propose a solution based on combining two different datasets for breast cancer grade detection. Our proposed method is about adding a new class (grade 0) to the three known classes of breast cancer grades, which make our model detect both the malignancy and the grade of the breast tumors. Furthermore, both datasets images have the same magnification factor which helps our models in avoiding overfitting problems. Our models are trained using two different convolutional neural network architectures, the ResNet50 and the MobileNet for comparing between a lightweight and heavyweight architectures. The obtained results show the best accuracy in the state-of-the-art.


Micromachined high aspect ratio field emitter areas have been realized to obtain stabile and uniform emission current. Dry etching based on gas chopping method was used to etch the 42-μm-high ultra-sharp emitter tips in single-crystal silicon. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films of 25–100 nm thickness were deposited from hydrocarbon precursor gas on the Si tips applying inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICPECVD) technique. Partial stabilization of emission current versus time due to oxygen or nitrogen plasma treatment could be related to surface passivation and/or formation of stable DLC/nanolayer on the emitter surface. It has been shown that DLC-coated emitters provide a comparable good long-term emission stability—the emission current did almost not decrease during a 46 h operation cycle. Summarizing we can say that high aspect ratio field emitter areas seem to have favorable field emission properties in respect to long-term stability.


&NA; Date Presented 3/31/2017 Stroke survivors can have spatial neglect and movement deficits. Few studies examine effects of spatial treatments on motor function or recruit people with multiple strokes. This study concluded that prism adaptation treatment is feasible and effective in improving spatial neglect and arm movement. Primary Author and Speaker: Kimberly Hreha Contributing Authors: Glen Gillen


Using firm-level data from the third Community Innovation Survey, the paper investigates effects of foreign ownership on research and development (R&D) activity carried out by innovative firms in the Czech Republic. It is shown that foreign affiliates tend to engage less in internal R&D compared with domestic-owned firms. The finding is sustained after controlling for a number of other firm, industry and region-specific factors and across different specifications of the model. Only external acquisition of R&D from labs and universities in the host country appears to be complementary to internal R&D activity in foreign affiliates, while sourcing of R&D from abroad is not.


D-Penicillamine (PA), a copper chelator, and one of the recommended drugs for treatment of Wilson disease (WD) has been reported to worsen the symptoms of patients with neurologic presentations. However, the cause of this paradoxical response has not been fully elucidated and requires further investigations. Accordingly, we have studied the in vitro effect of Copper (Cu) and/or PA treatment on human glioblastoma U251 cells as an in vitro model of Cu cytotoxicity. Treatment of U251 cells with either Cu or PA exerted no significant effect on their morphology, viability or ROS level. In contrast, co-treatment with Cu-PA caused a decrease in viability, altered glutathione and ceruloplasmin expression coupled with marked increase in ROS; depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential; and an increase in Sub G0 phase; along with alpha-Fodrin proteolysis. These findings along with the absence of LDH release in these assays, suggest that combined Cu-PA exposure induced apoptosis in U251 cells. In addition, pre-/or co-treatment with antioxidants showed a protective effect, with catalase being more effective than N-acetyl cysteine or trolox in restoring viability and reducing generated ROS levels. By comparison, a similar analysis using other cell lines showed that rat PC12 cells were resistant to Cu and/or PA treatment, while the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was sensitive to either compound alone, resulting in decreased viability and increased ROS level. Taken together, this study shows that glioblastoma U251 cells provide a model for Cu-PA cytotoxicity mediated by H2O2. We postulate that PA oxidation in presence of Cu yields H2O2 which in turn permeates the plasma membrane and induced apoptosis. However, other cell lines exhibited different responses to these treatments, potentially providing a model for cell type- specific cytotoxic responses in the nervous system. The sensitivity of different neural and glial cell types to Cu-PA treatment may therefore underlie the neurologic worsening occurring in some PA-treated WD patients. Our results also raise the possibility that the side effects of PA treatment might be reduced or prevented by administering antioxidants.


A good estimate of the coupling effect between parallel coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines is important, especially for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) applications where unnecessary crosstalk between conductors could be a serious problem. This paper shows how these coupling parameters may be analytically obtained in the presence of the back-face metallization. Closed-form formulas are developed for evaluating the quasi-TEM characteristic parameters based upon the conformal-mapping method (CMM). Very good agreement is observed between the values produced by these formulas and by a spectral-domain method (SDM).


First phase of implementation of national rural health mission was completed with 11th plan. Reviews are regularly conducted to monitor the achievements of goals which include reduction of maternal mortality ratio, which is an emerging priority. Due to inherent difficulties in definition, data compilation studies are infrequent. Maternal mortality to morbidity ratio varies from 5 to 223. The morbidities range from mild to severe almost near miss case. The criteria for inclusion of a patient in severe acute maternal morbidity on organ/system failure/dysfunction seem to be objective but availability of diagnostic facilities is the limiting factor. The simple criterion based on some diseases or conditions is widely accepted. Usually magnitude is recorded high when disease or condition criteria are used and low when failure or dysfunction criteria are used. Community-based studies are scarce. National level surveys provide limited information. In such type of studies, morbidities are self-reported and hence the magnitude is very high. The district level household survey-3 recorded morbidity in 93.3% women. Very few studies were carried out before 2001. Studies in this millennium have been deliberated. Women having some postnatal depression ranged from 11 to 33%.


The main purpose of this study is to discuss the educational precautions that can be taken against the manipulative "religious" formations which are encountered these days with motion from the reality of religious abuse experienced in Islamic history. In line with this the main objective is the analysis of the functions that madrasas of the past had performed on this subject and the mission that is placed on the Imam Hatip Schools these days. The topic is covered under two subheadings. The first is religious abuse, whose actual merit is never lost. Religious abuse is primarily introduced through a conceptual analysis of what it means, through which motives it is made, and the forms it realizes. Later, examples of exploitation experienced in the process of the emerging political and social formations that have led the way in Islamic history and the measures developed against these exploitations, are analyzed particularly in an educational sense. The madrasa institution constitutes the axis of this analysis. Additionally, the problem of abuse that continues to exist today as it has in the past is contemplated over current reflections and concrete examples. The second sub-heading for this topic relates to the function that Imam Hatip Schools undertake against the issues of today that introduce the problem of abuse. In this context, the mission that Imam Hitap Schools have undertaken (from what was established in the past to today), the sociological platform on which these schools are based, and the role of religious education against the currents of religious abuse that are carried out from within and without are analyzed. In particular, recent changes in form and method focus on the changes that need to occur in Imam Hatip Schools' educational program as an educational measure against the manipulative formations that create devastating effects in the Islamic world. The method used in this study will be in the form of an evaluation of the results obtained through a detailed analysis of the data from historical records and studies performed in relation to this topic.


We present a case of a 10-month-old girl baby with pulmonary artery sling and bridging bronchus demonstrated using multidetector computed tomography with a three-dimensional volume-rendering display and minimum intensity projections. To the best of our knowledge, this method has been helpful not only in the diagnosis and surgical planning for this rare abnormality but also in the evaluation of prognosis. After pulmonary artery reimplantation, the patient was well and discharged.


Introduction: Trauma is a significant health problem today. Also, it is the foremost reason for death among people ages 1-45; for this reason, the economic and social effect is more articulated. The whole-body CT scans have become a standard procedure in managing trauma patients in many trauma centers. We think that whole body CT will be beneficial in patients with blunt trauma. Thus, we aimed to examine patients with blunt trauma who applied to the emergency department and had whole-body CT scans.
Methods: Patient who applied to blunt trauma and had whole-body CT scans to the emergency department of a tertiary training and research hospital between Jan 1, 2021, and Jan 1, 2022, were examined in this single-center, retrospective study. The study population was established based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. ISS, GCS, and whole-body CT scans were compared for mortality.
Results: Cranial bone fracture (p= 0.001), epidural hemorrhage (p= 0.001), traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (p= 0.001), cerebral edema (p= 0.003), and thoracic contusion (p= 0.046) were significant for mortality. Also, the number of pathological regions in whole-body CT scans was not associated with mortality (p= 0.587). ISS (p=0.001) and GCS (p= 0.001) predicted mortality in patients who experienced whole-body CT scans.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we can detect organ and tissue injuries quickly and in detail using whole-body CT scanning after major blunt trauma. In addition, various protocols are needed in multiple trauma patients to reduce the number of unnecessary WBCT scans. Therefore, whole-body CT scans may be helpful for selection, as ISS and GCS are markers of mortality.
Keywords: Whole-body Tomography, Trauma, Trauma Imaging


This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.


Introduction: Illness in workers and the configuration of health care services for this population constitute a major public health challenge in Brazil. Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with the activities and participation components of functioning in workers seen in primary care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 111 workers who completed a sociodemographic, occupational, and health questionnaire, as well as the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Results were analyzed using descriptive methods, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Most workers were women (63.1%), with a mean age of 36.54 years, single (48.6%), with secondary education (33.3%), and a sedentary lifestyle (68.5%). Over 70% rated their health as "very good/good," were actively employed, and reported difficulties on at least one item of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Carrying out household activities, working, standing up, learning new tasks, and dealing with strangers were the items most frequently associated with mild/moderate disability. Walking for long distances, feeling emotionally affected, and engaging in community activities were the items for which the most severe/extreme difficulties were reported. Functioning was associated with education (p = 0.009), occupational status (p = 0.000), and perceived health (p = 0.000). The results indicated that less-educated individuals who were not actively working and had poor perceived health had the highest levels of disability. Conclusions: Our results identified several functional difficulties in the working population. Interdisciplinary strategies are needed to address the activity limitations and restrictions to participation in workers seen in primary care.


Inhaled corticosteroids in pressurized metered does inhalers (pMDIs) are often delivered via a large volume spacer device, but these are bulky and inconvenient. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) provide a highly portable and convenient propellant-free alternative to pMDIs for asthma maintenance therapy However, each DPI could have unique in vivo delivery characteristcs. In order to quantify the total and regional lung deposition of budesonide (200 microg) from (a) Easyhaler, (b) Turbuhaler and (c) pMDI plus Nebuhaler 750 ml spacer, a three-way randomized cross-over study was carried out in 12 mild to moderate asthmatic patients. Deposition was quantified by the imaging technique of gamma scintigraphy Optimal inhalation techniques were used throughout. Mean (SD) whole lung deposition (% metered dose) was similar for Easyhaler [18.5 (7.8) %] and Turbuhaler [21.8 (8.2) %], but was significantly higher for pMDI plus Nebuhaler [44.1 (10.0) %, P < 0.01]. The regional distribution patterns in the lungs were predominantly central for all three devices. Nebuhaler reduced oropharyngeal deposition significantly compared with the two DPIs. Easyhaler showed comparable deposition to Turbuhaler and hence drugs delivered by Easyhaler would be expected to have a similar clinical effect to those delivered by Turbuhaler in asthma maintenance therapy.


Antibodies were prepared to rhesus monkey, rabbit, dog, and hamster gamma globulins which had been purified by agar-block electrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis demonstrated that these antisera were specific for gamma globulin components in whole serum. The use of these antisera as secondary serological reagents was examined.


A national laboratory-based surveillance system was adapted to monitor the situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. The objective of the study was to compare the challenges in implementing COVID-19 surveillance strategies based on the Ministry of Health's (MoH) distribution of RT-PCR tests to different types of laboratories. This retrospective study analyzed the MoH's testing policies and distribution of RT-PCR tests to laboratories during the first, second, and third waves. Recipient laboratories were divided into groups: public health laboratories that belonged to the national network of public health laboratories (Group 1); public laboratories granted authorization during the pandemic (Group 2); and High-Capacity Testing Centers (Group 3). We analyzed the timing and duration of COVID-19 testing policies and the allocation of tests to laboratories by group and wave. Using t-tests, we analyzed the difference in the weekly average of tests distributed to labs by group and using Pearson's correlation coefficient, analyzed the test distribution according to infection and death rates. Between epiweek 9, 2020, and epiweek 22, 2022, the MoH distributed an average of 263,004 RT-PCR tests per week. The weekly average of tests distributed was highest in the second wave (310,327 tests), followed by the first (218,005 tests) and third waves (201,226 tests). There was a significant increase in the mean weekly tests distributed in the second wave compared to the first and third waves (p = 0.047; IC 8.29–1110.71). We found a significant difference between the weekly average of tests distributed in the first and second wave (p < 0.001; IC -209.83–76.20) to Group 2. Group 3 received the second-highest number of tests from the MoH overall, with a reduction during the third wave to first-wave levels. The distribution of RT-PCR tests was not correlated with the case and death incidence.


The most common site for infection in reconstructive peripheral vascular operations is the inguinal area. Treatment is controversial, with recommendations ranging from antiseptic irrigation techniques to total graft excision. We present a plan for the surgical management of unilateral groin infection after aortofemoral bypass that was used in five patients. After assuring the viability of the extremity independent of the prosthesis, by compression of the graft limb with a concurrent Doppler ankle to wrist ratio index exceeding 0.3, vascular repair was performed as a two-stage procedure combining clean retroperitoneal detachment of the infected graft limb and inguinal excision of the involved graft limb followed by delayed vascular reconstruction by extra-anatomic cross femoral bypass. This has shown to be a reliable surgical method for salvaging the aortofemoral bypass with unilateral groin infection.


To evaluate the features of pyuria related to the bacteriuria, 140 subjects were studied from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1987. The pyuria was frequently developed from the age 30 to 60 years old, and male to female ratio was 1:1.41. The most common disease was urethrocystitis that was shown 42.8%. Common precipitating factors were urethral catheterization(25%) and urinary tract obstruction(11.4 %). Through the observation, symptomatic pyuric patients were 66 subjects(47.1%), and the subjects with significant urine culture were 121 subjects(86.4%). In the urine culture, the most common bacteria was E. coli(41.4%), and the next was Pseudomonas(19.3%). A large percentage of E. coli and Pseudomonas was susceptible of amikin. The pyuria due to S. epidermidis and Accinatobacter was well treated. High therapeutic rate was observed in the acute pyelonephritis(71%) and urethrocystitis(67%). In the persistent urinary tract infection, there were relapsing(22 cases) and recurrent urinary tract infection(16 cases).


Metastasis is the primary cause of death in non-hematological cancers yet there are no specific therapeutics against it because of a lack of validated targets. The Weinberg lab demonstrated that bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to the stroma of breast tumors and induce metastasis. We verified these findings in MDA-MB-231 (MDA) xenografts in which co-injection of human MSCs increased MDA thoracic metastasis by 5-fold. In vitro, MSC co-culture induced GFP-labeled MDA cells to migrate 3-fold faster in a modified 'wound-healing' assay, mirroring metastasis in vivo. To identify therapeutic targets within MSC-induced metastasis, we performed gene-expression analysis of MSC-MDA co-cultures separated by flow cytometry compared with cells grown alone. The interferon pathway was found to be the most activated pathway upon co-culture, increasing mainly in MSCs. We studied the relevance of these genes in human cancers by first analyzing 3 different gene-expression datasets comparing human breast cancer stroma with normal stroma. Genes upregulated in breast cancer stroma were then studied in a meta-analysis of 19 whole tumor gene-expression datasets correlating gene-expression changes with survival. We identified 103 genes that are upregulated in MSCs by MSC-MDA interactions, are increased in human breast cancer stroma and are significantly associated with poor survival. To determine if they are necessary for MSC-induced metastatic behavior, we performed shRNA knockdown in MSC-MDA co-cultures measuring effects on in vitro migration. Knockdown of a number of interferon-associated genes significantly reduced migration supporting an unexpected functional role of interferons in metastasis. The top interferon gene, ISG15, is an attractive candidate for therapeutic targeting because it is a secreted ubiquitin-like factor that conjugates a number of cytoskeletal proteins involved in motility. In parallel, we conducted a small-molecule screen with 1600 compounds on the migration of MSC-MDA co-cultures to identify small-molecule inhibitors of metastasis. Counter screens on highly motile endothelial cells excluded compounds that non-specifically inhibit normal cell migration. Only 1 compound, RSL3, specifically blocked MSC-induced MDA migration with cytotoxicity at >10-fold higher concentrations. RSL3 inhibits the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzyme that metabolizes lipid peroxides including arachidonic acid metabolites participating in inflammatory cascades like interferon gamma signaling. RSL3 activity was completely abrogated by co-treatment with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton consistent with the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in MSC-MDA migration. In summary, targeting components of interferon and arachidonic acid pathways have been discovered as novel therapeutic approaches against microenvironment-induced breast cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Shrikanta Chattopadhyay, Cherrie Huang, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Rushdia Z. Yusuf, Vasanthi Viswanathan, Ben S. Wittner, Jeff Gentry, Alykhan Shamji, Sridhar Ramaswamy, David T. Scadden, Stuart L. Schreiber. Therapeutic approaches to metastasis induced by mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-181


In one year 106 suspect cases of neo-natal infection were admitted to the pediatric ward of CHR in Kara. The principal elements of diagnosis (slow labor, premature membrane rupture, troubled or fetid amniotic fluid, other obstetrical maneuvers or neo-natal reanimation) were related to insufficient follow-up during pregnancy. Given the lack of means for microbiologic investigation we were unable to identify any etiologic agent apart for Plasmodium. However, therapeutic response indicated infections of bacterial origin. The high rates of infectious morbidity (87%) and lethality (36%) could be reduced by the continued training of traditional birth attendants and the application of a maternal child health policy as part of an integrated primary health care program.


In order to investigate the relation between implicit attitudes toward violence and different aspects of violent and social behavior in Dutch forensic psychiatric inpatients, an implicit association test was related to measures of psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors. Results indicated that all patients had negative implicit attitudes toward violence. Although implicit attitudes toward violence were unrelated to several self-report measures of aggression, there was a significant positive relation between these attitudes and the antisocial facet of psychopathy. Furthermore, it was found that implicit attitudes toward violence were significantly negatively associated with coping behaviors and the level of moral awareness, indicating that patients with more negative implicit attitudes toward violence more often reported these behaviors, which can be assumed to inhibit aggression. As the present study was only correlational in nature, our findings need to be further explored in prospective research.


The paper proposes a systemic model of electricity market development. In order to present the changes of structure and parameters of the electricity market individual subsystems of electrical market were identified using real data and then the behavior of individual parameters and the structure itself were studied depending on various changes in the market. MATLAB and Simulink with its toolboxes were used to conduct simulations.


This paper presents a novel method for the fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes based on an accurate estimation of residual sidebands using a modulation signal bispectrum (MSB). The residual sideband resulting from the out-phase superposition of vibration waves from asymmetrical multiple meshing sources are much less influenced by gear errors than that of the in-phase sidebands. Therefore, with the accurate estimation by MSB they can produce accurate and consistent diagnosis, which are evaluated by both simulating and experimental studies. However, the commonly used in-phase sidebands have high amplitudes but include gear error effects, consequently leading to poor diagnostic results.


We show that every smooth manifold admits a smooth triangulation transverse to a given smooth map. This removes the properness assumption on the smooth map used in an essential way in Scharlemann's construction [5].


Poor glucose control and clinical outcomes have been observed in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients postburn injury. Prediabetes is a precursor to diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of prediabetes on postinjury glucose control and clinical outcomes. A retrospective review was conducted comparing prediabetics and euglycemic controls. Patients who were admitted for burn care were 18 to 89 years of age and had a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) obtained on admission. Prediabetics were defined by an HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4% and controls by HbA1c < 5.7%. Inpatient glucose levels were recorded, in addition to clinical outcomes. Two hundred eight patients were included: 54 prediabetics and 154 controls. The prediabetic population was older (50.7 vs 39 years; P < .001) with more hypertensives (44.4 vs 16.9%; P < .001), consisted of more African-Americans (20.4 vs 12%; P = .04), and had larger areas of full-thickness burns (4.5 vs 1.75%; P = .02). Median admission HbA1c was 5.9 (5.7–6.0)% among prediabetics and 5.3 (5–5.45)% among controls (P < .001). Prediabetics had significantly higher time-weighted glucose levels (127.7 [105.5–147.6] vs 108.0 [97.1–122.2] mg/dl; P < .001) and more had an average inpatient glucose >150 mg/dl (20.4 vs 9.1%; P = .028). There was no difference in rates of hypoglycemia (glucose <70 mg/dl) or glycemic variability. Prediabetics had lower survival rates (92.6 vs 98.7%; P = .041), but similar rates of unplanned readmission (1.9 vs 3.9%; P = .68), intensive care unit admission (29.6 vs 23.4%; P = .36), mechanical ventilation (24.1 vs 16.2%; P = .20), length of hospital stay (4 [2–8] vs 3 [2–11]; P = .71), and infection (11.1 vs 11.7%; P = .99). Prediabetic status has a significant impact on glucose control and mortality after burn injury.


AC electronic load (ACEL) based on current-controlled AC/DC/AC PWM converters is a simple kind of application for ac power source burn-in test with energy recycling capability. According to instantaneous power theory, the harmonics relationship in steady state between the ac side and the dc side of AC/DC converter and DC/AC converter in ACEL is investigated. When the frequency of the tested source is different from that of the grid, the harmonics and inter-modulation production in the dc bus is analyzed in detail, The accuracy of the harmonics relationship and theoretical expectation in ACEL are demonstrated by Matlab/Simulink simulations under different operation conditions. In addition, to decrease intrinsic-harmonics voltage of dc bus, a novel algorithm for output current reference is put forward. The proposed method is validated to be effective for suppressing the output current harmonics and inter-harmonics inject to the grid by simulations and experiments.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this research was to present an artificial intelligence (AI) model which can automatically segment and detect ectopic eruption of the permanent first molars (EMMs) in early mixed dentition on panoramic radiographs using no-new-Net (nnU-Net) model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
438 EMMs obtained from 285 panoramic radiographs were included in this study. AI model based on nnU-Net was trained to segment and detect the EMMs. The performance of the model was evaluated by the intersection over union (IoU), precision, F1-score, accuracy and FROC. Furthermore, the detecting performance of nnU-Net was compared with three dentists with different years of experience using the McNemar chi-square test. The reliability of different dentists was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

RESULTS
The nnU-Net yielded an IoU of 0.834, a precision of 0.845, an F1-score of 0.902 and an accuracy of 0.990. Moreover, the dentists yielded a mean IoU of 0.530, a mean precision of 0.539, a mean F1-score of 0.699 and a mean accuracy of 0.811. The ICC of different dentists was 0.776. The statistical analysis of the McNemar chi-square test showed that the nnU-Net results were statistically significant and superior to that of dentists (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study validated an AI model based on nnU-Net for automatically segmenting and detecting EMMs more consistently and accurately on panoramic radiography.


We studied the effect of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (14 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases) on eye growth in 16 children. Visual acuity, refractive power, axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth in both the operated and unoperated eyes were measured before and after surgery. The operated eyes tended to become myopic (maximum, -11.00 diopters). However, though the axial length of two eyes increased significantly after surgery, there was no significant difference between the postoperative increase in axial length in the operated and in the unoperated eyes. The anterior chambers of the unoperated eyes tended to be deeper. We suggest that the tendency to become myopic in the operated eyes occurred because, as axial length increases with growth, the proportion occupied by the vitreous body, ie, the part posterior to the IOL, also increases.


Although general application of any process for the production of clear gasoline still has to await a number oj decisions, the necessary technology is already available. This article indicates that, while no single process is likely to provide the complete solution, a combination of processes in which platinum catalysts will play a signijicant part - will probably be adapted to meet the requirements of individual rejineries.


Relay-aided device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising technology for the next-generation cellular network. We study the transmission schemes for an amplify-and-forward relay-aided D2D system which has multiple antennas. To circumvent the prohibitive complexity problem of traditional maximum likelihood (ML) detection for full-rate space-time block code (FSTBC) transmission, two low-complexity detection methods are proposed, i.e., the detection methods with the ML-combining (MLC) algorithm and the joint conditional ML (JCML) detector. Particularly, the method with the JCML detector reduces detection delay at the cost of more storage and performs well with parallel implementation. Simulation results indicate that the proposed detection methods achieve a symbol error probability similar to that of the traditional ML detector for FSTBC transmission but with less complexity, and the performance of FSTBC transmission is significantly better than that of spatial multiplexing transmission. Diversity analysis for the proposed detection methods is also demonstrated by simulations.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a well described human pathogen.1 Less commonly, atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause disease in humans. Recent studies report that NTM account for one-third of all pathogenic mycobacterial isolates in the United States.2
 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) is the most common NTM causing human disease.2 It is also the most common mycobacterial cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children in areas with low endemic rates of MTB infection.3 MAI/NTM infection other than cervical adenitis is unusual in children, except in those that are immunosuppressed.4 Rarely, MAI presents as mediastinal or endobronchial disease in otherwise healthy children.


The R-spondin (RSPO) family of secreted proteins (RSPO1-RSPO4) has pleiotropic functions in development and stem cell growth by strongly enhancing Wnt pathway activation. Recently, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), LGR5, and LGR6 have been identified as receptors for RSPOs. Here we report the complex structure of the LGR4 extracellular domain (ECD) with the RSPO1 N-terminal fragment (RSPO1-2F) containing two adjacent furin-like cysteine-rich domains (FU-CRDs). The LGR4-ECD adopts the anticipated TLR horseshoe structure and uses its concave surface close to the N termini to bind RSPO1-2F. Both the FU-CRD1 and FU-CRD2 domains of RSPO1 contribute to LGR4 interaction, and binding and cellular assays identified critical RSPO1 residues for its biological activities. Our results define the molecular mechanism by which the LGR4/5/6 receptors recognize RSPOs and also provide structural insights into the signaling difference between the LGR4/5/6 receptors and other members in the LGR family.


We study the miniband conduction of electrons in GaAs-based superlattices under an intense terahertz field and a longitudinal magnetic field based on balance equations for THz-driven transport. The linear mobility with small direct-current fields and the drift velocity and the electron temperature at high electric fields are calculated, under the influence of an intense THz radiation, as functions of the magnetic field. Impurity, acoustic, and polar-optical-phonon scatterings are taken into account and as many as 31 Landau levels are included in the treatment. We find that in the linear case an intense THz field greatly changes the behaviour of the mobility versus the magnetic field, giving rise to multiphoton-magnetophonon resonance. In the nonlinear case, the irradiation of an intense THz field may eliminate the magnetic field quenching of the drift velocity, which shows up at a certain high strength of the magnetic field in the absence of the THz radiation.


The longer-term consistency with which subjects display apparently irrelevant self- or object-manipulations was examined by observing the subjects during the performance of two tasks followed by a repetition of these tasks after a 6-mo. interval. Individual subjects could not be characterized as consistently high or low producers of these movements across tasks and performances. Greater ordinal consistency among the subjects' body-focused movement frequencies was observed for the two different tasks conducted on the same day than was observed for the same task after 6 mo. Correlations between measures of anxiety and field-dependence and frequencies of body-focused movement varied significantly, not only with the task, but with repetitions of the same task after 6 mo. These results cast some doubt on explanations of individual differences in performance of body-focused hand movement through appeal to long-term individual differences in information-processing strategies.


Homeopathy, naturopathy, chiropractic and herbal medicine, massage, yoga, acupuncture, meditation, and more...complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is now the fastest-growing sector of American health care. Librarians must be prepared to answer questions about CAM and to include authoritative, readable sources of information about it in their collections. Here's a comprehensive introduction to the major types of CAM, from Ayurveda to spiritual healing, and an up-to-date guide to 605 books, 162 websites, and 226 periodicals covering these areas. Author Gregory A. Crawford, who holds a Doctor of Naturopathy degree in addition to both an MLS and a PhD, is ideally suited to familiarize librarians with CAM. Covering both mainstream and lesser-known treatments and therapies, he provides the history and background of each topic, explaining its major uses and the training of practitioners. An extensive annotated list of books, periodicals, and websites devoted to the specific therapy includes English-language materials from the United States, Canada, the UK, and Australia. With this guide, librarians will know how to answer questions about CAM and be able to point users to the best and most reliable sources for further information. For those seeking to better represent CAM in their own libraries, the book will also prove invaluable as a collection development tool.


This paper explores and explains ways to reliably reconstruct human actions and assessments that were part of a failure sequence. It aims to help resist the production of a subjective story from the personal perspective of the investigator. Collating scholarship from the social sciences, psychology, human factors and cognitive systems engineering, it lays out steps to reduce investigative biases and enhance the verifiability of a forensic investigator's conclusions. This may help investigators build and integrate a better description of any human contribution to a failure sequence in their analysis. The ultimate aim of reliably reconstructing human actions and assessments without producing a subjective story from the personal perspective of the investigator could well remain elusive, of course. But steps can be taken to reduce biases and enhance verifiability of conclusions.


This paper reports for the first time the experimentally tested elastic modulus values of the fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (FRGCs). Further, the deflection hardening behavior and sand addition effect on the ambient-cured one-part steel-polyethylene FRGCs are also reported wherein the total fiber volume fraction used was 2%. It was found that although the cylinders' compressive strength of the blended-based FRGCs was relatively higher than that of the slag-based FRGCs, the latter showed a relatively larger elastic modulus in comparison with the former. The addition of fiber increased the elastic modulus of the geopolymer composites relative to the none-fibrous composites at which the elastic modulus improvement was related to the steel (ST) volume. Further, all the FRGCs exhibited a deflection hardening behavior which was directly related to the polyethylene (PE) volume included in the composite. Generally, the slag-based FRGCs showed better flexural behavior (i.e. modulus of rupture, deflection capacity, and multiple-cracking behavior) in reference to the blended-based FRGCs. The sand addition (i.e. small size like 212 μm with low content such as 30% by mass) was found to improve both flexural cracking and ultimate strengths without affecting the deflection capacity nor the cracking behavior. This could be due to the better volume stability and lower shrinkage of the geopolymer matrix after sand addition.


Band structures in wurtzite bulk ZnO/Zn1−xMgxO are calculated using first-principles based on the framework of generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory with the introduction of the on-site Coulomb interaction. Strain effects on band gap, splitting energies of valence bands, electron and hole effective masses in strained bulk ZnO are discussed. According to the results, the band gap increases gradually with increasing stress in strained ZnO as an Mg content of Zn1−xMgxO substrate less than 0.3, which is consistent with the experimental results. It is further demonstrated that electron mass of conduction band (CB) under stress increases slightly. There are almost no changes in effective masses of light hole band (LHB) and heavy hole band (HHB) along [00k] and [k00] directions under stress, and stress leads to an obvious decrease in effective masses of crystal splitting band (CSB) along the same directions.


A variety of co-culture systems have been devised to enhance the human embryo development in vitro. Vero cells were selected because they can be highly controlled and are easy to handle. To evaluate the embryotrophic effects of Vero cell monolayers, when they were co-cultured with human in vitro fertilized zygotes or subzonal inseminated oocytes. Total 1695 two-pronuclear embryos resulting from in vitro fertilization were cultured with Vero cells or medium alone for 24 hours. Similarly, sixty-six two-pronuclear embryos resulted from subzonal insertion of sperm (SUZI) with co-culture starting immediately following SUZI were compared with fifty-two two-pronuclear embryos resulted from SUZI, without co-culture. The numbers of blastomere and morphology of embryos were compared between the co-culture group and control group using student's t-test. Cell numbers in each embryo were greater in the IVF/co-culture group than in the control group (4.01 +/- 1.32 vs. 3.86 +/- 1.45, p < 0.05). The rates of poor quality embryo with major fragmentation were lower in the co-culture group than in the control group(11.5% vs. 19.9%, p < 0.001, for IVF embryos; 9% vs. 27%, p < 0.005, for SUZI oocytes). Co-culture SUZI oocytes on Vero cells prior to fertilization did not positively influence embryo cleavage, but improved embryo quality. We conclude that Vero cells can enhance human embryo development; however, the period for one-day or two-day co-culture is too short to provide a maximal support. Short term co-culture did not increase implantation rates. Immediate co-culture following SUZI might somewhat rescue the microinseminated oocytes. However, a longer duration of co-culture is necessary to exert the maximal effects on embryo development and implantation.


OBJECTIVES
Preoperative anemia is an established risk factor associated with adverse perioperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. However, limited information exists regarding the relationship between preoperative hemoglobin concentration and outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate how outcomes are affected by preoperative hemoglobin concentration in a cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

DESIGN
A retrospective, observational cohort study.

SETTING
A single-center tertiary referral hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
The study comprised 1,972 adult patients undergoing elective and nonelective cardiac surgery.

INTERVENTIONS
The independent relationship of preoperative hemoglobin concentration was explored on blood transfusion rates, return to the operating room for bleeding and/or cardiac tamponade, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and in-hospital length of stay, and mortality.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The overall prevalence of anemia was 32% (629/1,972 patients). For every 1-unit increase in hemoglobin (g/dL), blood transfusion requirements were reduced by 11%, 8%, and 3% for red blood cell units, platelet pools, and fresh frozen plasma units, respectively (adjusted incident rate ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.87-0.91], 0.92 [0.88-0.97], and 0.97 [0.96-0.99]). For each 1-unit increase in hemoglobin (g/dL), the probability (over time) of discharge from the ICU and hospital increased (adjusted hazard ratio estimates 1.04 [1.00-1.08] and 1.12 [1.12-1.16], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
A lower preoperative hemoglobin concentration resulted in increased use of hospital resources after cardiac surgery. Each g/dL unit fall in preoperative hemoglobin concentration resulted in increased blood transfusion requirements and increased postoperative ICU and hospital length of stay.


This paper deals with the concept "Information Overload" (IO). It describes the intellectual content of the idea as well as its supposed domains of activity.

A division by two fundamental different distinctions of IO are being made. Information Overload serves as a name for:

An information-intensive environment.
A spectrum of different psychic reactions to the environment.
As for the supposed domains of activity it is also divided into two basically different categories:

The specific information-intensive environment.
Information overload as a major symtom of modern society.
One hypothesis proposed is: When a society is overcrowded with information, the meaning of specific information tend to be fragmentized to individuals in that society. Therefore, it is multiple fragments of multiple meanings that serve as a base in those persons interpretations of reality.


Necâti and Şeyh Gâlib were the important names of classical Turkish poetry. Necâti who was grown up in the XVth century was the forerunner of classical poetry. He is also known as the one who makes Turkish as poetical language and he used to give great importance to proverb and idioms on his poems. This attitude of him provides to understand his poems easily. Şeyh Gâlib who lived in the XVIIIth century was the peak of classical poetry. He was also the representative of Sebk-i Hindi genre. Lots of couplets of poet -in point of meaning had the character of not revealing themselves directly. In this study; books, articles, reports and theses about these two poets and their works are listed and evaluated. As a result, we can say that both Necâti and Şeyh Gâlib have not been revealed in every aspect so far. Thus, it is pointed that these two poets could be studied in different ways. Thinking of that it would be useful for further works to emphasize on the topics, which have not been studied so far. As methodology, we should use comparative method in our analyses to understand better these two poets and the poetic tradition in general and to follow accurately the development of Turkish Poetry.


Past RC wall panel tests of reinforced concrete membrane elements under reversed cyclic loading have much greater ductility when steel bars are provided in the direction of principal tensile stress. In order to improve the ductility of shear walls under earthquake loading, high seismic performance shear walls have been proposed to have steel bars in the same direction as the principal direction of applied stresses in the critical regions of shear walls. This paper presents the test results of two shear walls under shake table excitation and two shear walls under reversed cyclic loading. In the specimens under shake table tests, steel bars were provided at angles of either 90 degrees or 45 degrees to the horizontal. In the reversed cyclic tests, one-half of the steel bars were placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal in the low-rise shear wall and at an angle of 65 degrees to the horizontal in the bottom portion of the mid-rise shear wall. Based on the experimental results, the tested shear walls with reinforcement oriented close to the principal tensile direction of applied stresses have greater ductility than that of the conventional shear wall. Keywords—shear wall, reinforced concrete, ductility, cyclic loading, shake table


A reliable and up-to-date malware dataset is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of malware detection approaches. Although there are several widely-used malware benchmarks in our community (e.g., MalGenome, Drebin, Piggybacking and AMD, etc.), these benchmarks face several limitations including out-of-date, size, coverage, and reliability issues, etc. In this paper, we first make effort to create MalRadar, a growing and up-to-date Android malware dataset using the most reliable way, i.e., by collecting malware based on the analysis reports of security experts. We have crawled all the mobile security related reports released by ten leading security companies, and used an automated approach to extract and label the useful ones describing new Android malware and containing Indicators of Compromise (IoC) information. We have successfully compiled MalRadar, a dataset that contains 4,534 unique Android malware samples (including both apks and metadata) released from 2014 to April 2021 by the time of this paper, all of which were manually verified by security experts with detailed behavior analysis. Then we characterize the MalRadar dataset from malware distribution channels, app installation methods, malware activation, malicious behaviors and anti-analysis techniques. We further investigate the malware evolution over the last decade. At last, we measure the effectiveness of commercial anti-virus engines and malware detection techniques on detecting malware in MalRadar. Our dataset can be served as the representative Android malware benchmark in the new era, and our observations can positively contribute to the community and boost a series of studies on mobile security.


Summary. Dexamethasone, a prototypic synthetic glucocorticoid, was added to cultures of human fetal liver and adult marrow cells to assess its effects on erythroid colony and burst formation. Dexamethasone decreased the number of fetal liver erythroid colonies and bursts formed in the presence of erythropoietin, and also decreased the number of cells per colony. The amount and type of haemoglobin produced per cell were unaffected by adding dexamethasone to the cultures. Dexamethasone inhibited the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into DNA in fetal liver cells stimulated with erythropoietin, supporting the hypothesis that dexamethasone inhibits the proliferation but not the differentiation of fetal liver CFU‐E and BFU‐E. In contrast, addition of dexamethasone to adult bone marrow cultures had a variable effect on erythroid colony and burst formation.