Borassus flabellifer is a tall erect palm which can be recognized by its large and fan shaped leaves. The plant is used for the various ailments like secondary syphilis, antiperiodic, heart burns, liver and spleen enlargement etc. the various parts of the plant are a rich source of phyto constituents like gums, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates, albuminoids, fats, vitamins A, B and C. Oxidation process is one of the most important routes for producing free radicals in food, drugs and even living systems. Lipid peroxidation in fats and fatty foods not only deteriorates their quality and brings about chemical spoilage, but also generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Free radicals cause many human diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiac reperfusion abnormalities, kidney and liver disease, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, neuro-degenerative disorders, inflammation and aging. The present study evaluated the anti oxidant effect of methanolic extracts of Borassus flabellifer leaves and roots


A model for the internal clock is briefly described. It includes a temporal pacemaker whose rate determines time judgments, and whose frequency is affected by arousal specific to it. Three hypotheses relating time judgments and the alpha rhythm are considered: (a) They may be wholly independent, each reflecting the specific arousal of the mechanism determining it. (b) The alpha rhythm may be an index of a state of general arousal which also acts on the temporal pacemaker. Because of this common influence, the alpha frequency, and the proportion of alpha in the electroencephalogram, may be correlated with the speed of the temporal pacemaker. (c) The same pacemaker may be common to the internal clock and an alpha rhythm generator. Concurrent observations on alpha frequency, alpha prevalence, and temporal productions show that there are no simple relations between these measures such as might support the general arousal or common pacemaker hypotheses. However, relations are found between the variables. More or less regular oscillations occur in their values, some of which are common to two or more of the variables studied. These phenomena are further investigated and described.


Counseling psychologists value cultural diversity and, as a field, include many Women of Color (WoC) in leadership spaces. However, researchers have yet to explore the experiences of WoC leaders within the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP; Division 17 of the American Psychological Association). Specifically, we sought to identify how WoC leaders engage culturally relevant leadership styles and what barriers (if any) WoC leaders experience within leadership in SCP. We utilized a semistructured interview protocol with 10 WoC who have held and/or currently hold a leadership position within SCP. We sought to construct a narrative of the development of leadership spaces for WoC, understand the culturally relevant leadership styles of WoC leaders and the barriers to engaging their leadership styles in SCP, and create recommendations for SCP to broaden and deepen leadership pathways for WoC. We coded the data using the Consensual Qualitative Research method and identified two major thematic sections: Becoming a WoC Leader (with themes of Identity, Role of Sponsorship, Mentorship from WoC Leaders, and Hurdles of Service Leadership) and Leadership Styles of WoC (with themes of Self-Awareness in Leadership, Intentionality, and Engaging Critical Conversations). We conclude with recommendations from the leaders and implications for SCP and leadership spaces broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


This is a summary of the national report created by the German government's research institute for spatial development to be presented to the United Nation's Habitat II conference in May-June 1996. The report was passed to the Bundestag for ratification on January 24, 1996. It describes current settlement trends in Germany and outlines the policies followed to improve permanently the living standards and environmental conditions of the population. The issues addressed primarily concern environmentally sustainable and socially responsible urban and suburban development.


: This paper presents a new open-source testing tool capable of performing concolic execution on x86 binaries. Using this tool, one can find out ahead of time of potential bugs that can enable threats such as process hijacking and stack buffer overflow attacks. Although a similar tool, SAGE, already exists in literature, it is closed-sourced and we think that using its description to implement an open-sourced version of its main novel algorithm, Generational Search, is beneficial to both industry and research communities. This paper describes, in more detail than previous work, how the components at the core of a concolic execution tool, such as tracers, dynamic tainting mechanisms and SMT solvers, collaborate together to ensure code coverage. Also, it briefly describes how reinforcement learning can be used to speed up the state of the art heuristics for prioritization of inputs. Research opportunities and the technical difficulties that the authors observed during the current development of the project are presented as well.


The purpose of this study is to make the point of the situation in the logistics world considering the complex scenarios in which it operates, and based on the trends observed to hypothesize the future scenarios and the impacts they have on the economy, on individuls and on logistics processes.
Logistics in fact improve efficiency and therefore reduces costs and improve productivity in many sectors, from manufacturing to retail.
The economic growth has always been the result of revolutions or more innovation in productivity, like the steam engin revolutions, mass production model (Ford case) and 1970s the industrail automation. These innovations have boosted the economy because they have improved productivity, more productivity means greater growth in the economy.
Logistics is the focus of the new industrial revolutions and it's a real chance for any business. Proper use of this powerful tools will lead out of recession.


To study the clinical and epidemiological aspects of acute B hepatitis during the last 11 years. We retrospectively studied 1712 patient files, admitted in the Department of Infectious Diseases Iaşi, with acute B hepatitis between 1992-2002. The majority of the patients (69%) had an urban origin. Teenagers and young adults were predominantly affected (59% had between 15 and 34 years). A point of entry of the pathogen was identified only in 20% of the patients. The mean incubation period was 4 month. 24% of the patients had a prolonged form of the disease (over 30 days of jaundice). A fulminant evolution was noted in 1.2% of cases. Extrahepatic involvement was described in 25% of the patients. The global mortality was 1.15%. The number of patients with acute B hepatitis decreased by half during the last 11 years.


The Houses of William Wurster: Frames for Living . Wurster Gallery, University of California, Berkeley. 30 September–15 November 2011

Crossing into Wurster Hall on the University of California, Berkeley campus, the path to the Wurster Gallery branches under a staircase and skirts a couple of bathrooms. By this point, the ponderous concrete building, designed by Joseph Esherick, Vernon DeMars, and Donald Olsen in 1964, the year after William Wurster retired as dean of the College of Environmental Design at Berkeley, has extinguished natural light or the sight of nature. Gallery visitors find themselves in a room floored by linoleum, framed by white drywall, topped by black-painted concrete, and occupied by mechanical equipment and a grid of thin fluorescent filaments. Such a space would doubtless have defeated the best efforts of Wurster, the architect, to create a rapport with its site. Thankfully, the exhibit's curators, Richard C. Peters and Caitlin Lempres Brostrom, have splashed the gallery so thoroughly with photographs of Wurster's houses that visitors quickly find themselves contemplating architectural form and space alongside Northern California's coulisses of dark trees, rocky coasts, and mountain escarpments.

The curators divided the smallish 25-by-50-foot space into three parts: an entry zone introducing the scope of the exhibit and background on Wurster's Stockton childhood and training as an architect in the beaux-arts tradition at Berkeley; a prominent mid-section documenting the houses; and a rear area providing a couple of panels on the non-residential …


Abstract Implementation of the European Landscape Convention requires new tools that link ecological, social and cultural dimensions in practical planning. Here, we propose connectivity as a conceptual tool to include different dimensions into landscape and spatial planning. We present a short review of the connectivity concept in relation to ecological, social and cultural dimensions and illustrate it by examples from a real landscape planning case.


The Biden Administration—with its Executive Order on Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, which was released on January 20, 2021—created a timely opportunity to dismantle racism throughout and across a variety of government-funded research infrastructures, including health, biomedical, social, and behavioral research, as well as research focused on the social determinants of health (The White House, 2021). In keeping with the intent of the executive order, all structures and institutions that defi ne who, what, where, why, and how research is conceptualized, funded, and conducted must decenter whiteness and ensure that all scholars and communities have access to funding to conduct research that advances health equity. Only then will research in the U.S. achieve its full future potential in discovery, application, and education. To advance progress toward this goal, the authors of this commentary propose three broad areas for urgent action.


Domestic criminal law is being in constant dynamics, so it means that the norms of the current legislation are being improved, new, previously unknown, criminal-legal categories are being introduced, recommendations of in¬ternational institutions are taken into account, etc. Not an exception in this process is chapter XIII-1 of the General part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which regulates restrictive measures (these provisions came into force on January 11, 2019). From the moment of the regulation of restrictive measures in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, they have acquired the status of criminal-legal measures. Restrictive measures have a specific purpose - to protect the victim from a person who has committed a socially dangerous act, to protect against committing a socially danger¬ous act in relation to the victim in the future, to minimize the interaction between the person, who is in a dangerous state, and the victim, if such has the significant risks.This scientific article analyzes the conditions of application of restrictive measures in criminal law, in particular, it is determined that the concept of «crime related to domestic violence» is broader than the concept of «domestic violence» in Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and can be used not only in the commission of this crime, but also in other socially dangerous acts that have signs of domestic violence; some considerations regarding the improvement of the grounds for the application of restrictive measures are highlighted; the correlation between the requirements of international acts and current provisions on restrictive measures is considered.A detailed analysis of the types of restrictive measures that are in the Criminal Code of Ukraine was made. The need for some legislative changes and additions is argued, this concerns the wording of the names of types of restric¬tive measures; new concepts that should be enshrined at the legislative level; meaningful content of such varieties.
The conclusion was made that the regulation of restrictive measures in the Criminal Code of Ukraine is a positive step, but due to the novelty of this legal category there is a need for their partial editing and changes.


In this paper, we propose to design a Fault Tolerant Controller (FTC) that can cope both with performance and robustness by the hybridization of two controllers. The distinguished feature of this architecture is that it shows structurally how the controller design for performance and robustness can be done separately. It has the potential to overcome the conflict between performance and robustness of the traditional feedback framework. The controller design works in such a way that the feedback speed control of the induction motor will be solely controlled by the proportional integral PI controller for a nominal model without disturbances and H∞ robust controller will only be activated in the presence of the faults, the uncertainties or external disturbances. This FTC is applied to an induction motor drive for electrical vehicle. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid fault tolerant control architecture.


[1] During times of enhanced magnetospheric convection, cold dense plasma from the plasmasphere can form a plume extending sunward toward the dayside magnetopause. A statistical study is presented of cold high-density plasmaspheric plasma at the magnetopause. Observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions (THEMIS) spacecraft show the plume to be present at the dayside magnetopause during 12.5% (148 of 1184) of the crossings. Its most common location in magnetic local time when contacting the magnetopause is at 13.6 h. The magnetopause crossings show evidence for reconnection in 68% of events with the plume while only 47% of events without plume. Although the plume is more likely to be observed at the magnetopause when reconnection is occurring, the typical reconnection jet velocity is lower for plume events than nonplume events, indicating the presence of the plume may be slowing the efficiency of the reconnection process.


The aim of this research project was to investigate and evaluate the effects of solvent-based and water-based polymer binders on the fire protection performance and mechanical properties of intumescent coatings on steel structural. In the event of fire, intumescent coating serve as a passive fire protections which will break down into vast, multi-cellular char layers that able reduce the spread of flame and penetrating of heat, to avoid failure of building components. Polymer binders were not efficient to provide excellent mechanical and fire retardant properties. Thus, optimization of intumescent formulation is important to form an effective char layer with high durability and uniform foam structure to protect the substrate. In this research project, formulation of intumescent coatings with different combinations of polymer binders and flame retardant fillers were synthesized. Influence of polymer binders and flame retardant fillers on the fire protection performance and mechanical properties of intumescent coatings were investigated through Bunsen burner test, furnace test, char layer strength test, static immersion test, adhesion strength test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), corrosion test and freeze-thaw cycle test. Two polymer binders (vinyl acetate and acrylic resin) were mixed with three flame retardant additives, namely ammonium polyphosphate II (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL), in the ratio of 2:1:1 and various flame-retardant fillers to synthesis the intumescent fire protective coatings. This research project found that incorporation of solvent-based polymer binders into intumescent coatings contributed better fire protection performance, water resistance, corrosion resistance and weather resistance, whereas incorporation of water-based polymer binders into intumescent coatings contributed better adhesion strength. Besides, it was also found that formulation 3 (W3 and S3) with appropriate combinations of flame retardant fillers (3.33 wt.% titanium oxide/ 3.33 wt.% magnesium hydroxide/ 3.33 wt.% expandable graphite) in the coating had contributed to positive fire protection performance and mechanical properties. Addition of water-based polymer binder into the formulation demonstrated acceptable range of fire protection performance and mechanical properties. This coating formulation had the ability to protect human lives and asset in the event of a fire by serving as life-saving coating.


In this study, a method for retrieving wind speed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery collected under extreme weather conditions is proposed. The rationale for this approach relies on the fact that, although copolarized channels exhibit saturation for wind speed >~20 m s−1, the wave growth can be successfully exploited to gather information on wind speed under extreme weather conditions. Hence, in this study, the intrinsic relationship among the wind-wave triplets [wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface, significant wave height (SWH), and peak wave period] is exploited in order to retrieve wind speeds under tropical cyclone conditions. Experiments, undertaken on actual X-bandTerraSAR-X(TS-X) SAR images of tropical cyclones (Typhoon Megi, Hurricane Sandy, and Hurricane Miriam) and using collocated WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) simulations, revealed the robustness of the proposed approach, which resulted in a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.54 m s−1when comparing the retrieved wind speeds with the values from products delivered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division (HRD). However, the applicability of the algorithm herein will be further confirmed at very strong storms.


Since 1994, China has experienced a prolonged period of sluggish growth and declining inflation. Prices have actually declined over much of the last three and a half years. These problems are often attributed to conditions of weak aggregate demand. Not unexpectedly, the Chinese government has cut interest rates and pursued expansionary Keynesian policies, but these measures have largely failed. We argue that the key to the sluggish growth resides in the financial sector, specifically, its inability to efficiently intermediate funds to China's non-state sector. This has adversely affected investment in the non-state sector, which has been the source of much of the dynamism in the Chinese economy since reform. Our analysis suggests that the current reform strategy for China's financial sector, while important, will not solve this fundamental problem. Rather, the solution lies in the introduction of new, privately owned, locally based financial intermediaries that can provide efficient financial intermediation for the small and medium sized enterprises in the non-state sector.


In 2006, Portsmouth City Council (PCC) commissioned the Centre for Healthcare Modelling and Informatics at the University of Portsmouth to evaluate PCC's introduction of telecare over 3 years. PCC addressed telecare using the Preventative Technologies Grant, provided by the Department of Health. Prior to the telecare project there was a widely implemented community alarms service (CAS) in the city. Modern wireless technology offers a similar service but without the user having to activate the call. This is of benefit in particular areas, such as falls, where the person who has fallen may not be able to summon help. There are now a wide range of sensors that can be added to the basic infrastructure of the community alarm service that can create a comprehensive telecare service. The project's aim was to investigate the possibility of setting up the technology and the processes required to support the implementation of telecare. Once telecare has been prescribed as part of a care package, the technology is installed and connected to the existing call centre. Finally there needed to be a response service within the city to attend to the person who has activated the alarm.


High velocity stars are stars moving at velocities so high to require an acceleration mechanism involving binary systems or the presence of a massive central black hole. In the frame of a galaxy hosting a supermassive black hole binary (of total mass $10^8$ M$_\odot$), we investigated a mechanism for the production of high velocity stars due to the close interaction between a massive and orbitally decayed globular cluster and the super massive black hole binary. Some stars of the cluster acquire high velocities by conversion of gravitational energy into kinetic energy deriving from their interaction with the black hole binary. After the interaction, few stars reach a velocity sufficient to overcome the galactic gravitational well, while some of them are just stripped from the globular cluster and start orbiting around the galactic centre.


The CVD experiments were performed in a ThennolyneTM 21 100 Tube Furnace using a mullite tube 0.9-inch ID. A cast iron block (3.82 x 0.86 x 0.25-inch3) with a machined 0.8-ml cylindrical well was used as a solution and sample holder. The well was filled with a solution and an aluminum coupon is placed on the flat stage of the holder. Once ready, the sample holder is slid half way into the furnace. Pure aluminum metal (+ 99.99%) and aluminum alloy 3004, both 0.5-mm thick, were used in this study. The furnace was then programmed for controlled heating from room temperature to 400 "C at 5 "C/min. In addition to the temperature controller used with the furnace, the sample holder was fitted with a copper-constantan thermocouple. Exploratory studies revealed the following issues: (i) the CVD process occurred for temperatures within the range of 300 to 400 "C; therefore, the experiment was considered complete when the holder reached 400 "C, and (ii) successful conversion coatings were visibly yellow.


Contraceptive implants provide long-acting, highly effective reversible contraception. The etonogestrel implant (ENG implant) is a single rod implant that offers three years of efficacy. The ENG implant was designed to provide contraceptive efficacy by inhibiting ovulation and Pearl Index scores reported for this method are similar to other long-acting reversible contraception as well as similar to sterilization. The implant has been shown to be safe during breast feeding and may improve symptoms of dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. Irregular bleeding patterns can be expected with the device's use and should be addressed in order to decrease rates of discontinuation.


To clarify the mechanism of metabolic changes after using intestinal segments as a urinary tract, absorption of urinary constituents from the ileum was studied in dogs. An isolated distal ileum (30 cm in length) was anastomosed to the urinary bladder in each dog. Although these animals maintained the normal renal function throughout the experimental period, mild acidosis was noticed one month after anastomosis and it became severe after six months. Stagnation of a urine-like solution (artificial urine: AU) in the isolated ileum resulted in an absorption of 66% of the instilled solvent on average during 60 minutes. The average absorption rates of each AU constituent were as follows: sodium 63%, potassium 80%, chloride 83%, phosphorus 68%, magnesium 34%, urea nitrogen 93% creatinine 56%, and ammonia 97%. On the contrary, calcium increased in the stagnated fluid by 21%. In spite of the severe histologic changes in the villi of the ileal mucosa, which became atrophic and flat, no deterioration in the absorptive capacity of the AU constituents was noticed during the six month experimental period. Furosemide administration suppressed the absorption of urinary constituents, especially water and sodium. On the other hand, the absorption of urea nitrogen and ammonia was scarcely affected. Perfusion of the isolated ileum with AU (0.5 ml/min) for 60 minutes resulted in an absorption of 59% of the solvent and 50 to 86% of each constituent. The rate of absorption was reduced after increment of the perfusion rate. In conclusion, the absorption of urinary constituents occurs rapidly and significantly. The absorptive capacity remains longer regardless the severity of histological changes of the ileal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Family medicine has been accepted as a model for Iranian health-care reform, but many debates have been raised since its establishment. Despite many successes achieved, this area of medicine is very challengeable. Family practice as a specialty is an innovation that has been introduced by the ministry of health and medical education in Iran. Although this approach seems sophisticated, learning from experience is the first step to avoid difficulties that may occur from this selection. Our goal is to declare strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of family medicine specialty.


OBJECTIVES
To examine the relationship between homebound status and physical, mental, social and life space factors among community-dwelling elderly in an urban area.

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a mail-in self-administered questionnaire between July and September 2009. The target population comprised 149,991 community residents, aged 65 years and over, living in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo, as of April 2009. "Homebound" was defined as going out (leaving the home) only once a week or less. The respondents were further identified as "type 1" or "type 2" homebound; type 1 included those with a low frequency of outings and low mobility level, and type 2 included those with a low frequency of outings despite having a high mobility level. Questionnaire items encompassed frequency of outings and demographic data, as well as physical, mental, social and life space factors.

RESULTS
A total of 103,684 questionnaires were included in the analysis (valid response rate: 69.1%). Among the participants, 3.7% were found to be type 1 homebound and 4.5% were type 2. The older the age group, the higher was the proportion of both types of homebound. Physical and social factors were associated with type 1 homebound, and physical, mental and social factors with type 2. Moreover, regarding the life space factor, poor physical accessibility of the home was associated with type 2 homebound, and less space utilization in daily life was associated with both types.

CONCLUSION
It is important for homebound reduction among the elderly to address the physical, mental and social factors that affect homebound status. In addition, assessing the current home environment and expanding the daily living space could also be strategies to reduce homebound prevalence among the elderly. Collaboration with the housing and public transportation sectors is needed to plan a comprehensive homebound reduction strategy.


The ubiquitous amino acid L-glutamate is thought to act as a neurotransmitter at the majority of synapses in the brain. It mediates the major excitatory pathways in the brain, and is referred to as an excitatory amino acid (EAA). The EAA plays a role in a variety of physiological processes, such as long-term potentiation (learning and memory), the development of synaptic plasticity, motor control, respiration, cardiovascular regulation, emotional states and sensory perception (Bliss & Collingridge, 1993). The excessive or inappropriate stimulation of EAA receptors leads to neural cell damage or loss by a mechanism known as excitotoxicity (Lucas & Newhouse, 1957; Oney, 1978). EAA receptors are classified in two general types (Kornhuber & Weller, 1997). Receptors that are directly coupled to the opening of cation channels in the cell membranes of the neuron are termed 'ionotropic', which include NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. The second type of receptors are the G-protein or second messenger-linked 'metabotropic' EAA receptors. This second type is coupled to multiple second messenger systems that lead to enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, activation of phospholipase D, increase or decrease in cAMP formation, and changes in ion channel function (Kozikowski et al., 1998). Metabotropic glutamate receptors belong to Class C of a superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Class C GPCRs possess a large extracellular domain that is responsible for endogenous ligand recognition (Pin et al., 2003), in addition to the seven strand transmembrane domain, which is characteristic of all GPCRs. The mGluRs possess a large bi-lobed extracellular N-terminus of ~560 amino acids which has been shown by mutagenesis studies to confer glutamate binding, agonist activation of the receptor, and subtype specificity for group selective agonists (Schoepp et al., 1999). Since mGluRs have neuromodulatory role in the control of both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, there has been much interest to develop novel mGluR ligands for therapeutic purposes of a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. The mGluRs have been proposed to be involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes of a number of CNS disorders, including anxiety, pain, depression, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and drug abuse. In order to


The 'hockey stick' graph of surface temperature change over the past millennium and implications for climate change assessments was the subject of two hearings held by the U.S. House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, on 19 and 27 July. These hearings marked only the second time that the committee has discussed climate issues since George W. Bush became president.

The hearings were called to investigate papers published in 1998 and 1999 by Michael Mann (Pennsylvania State University) et al. that showed that surface temperatures for most of the past millennium were flat and then rose significantly in the late twentieth century like the blade of a hockey stick. Their graph of temperature in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 1000 years was reconstructed from proxy data, such as tree rings, ice cores, and other indirect data sources.


A gene encoding a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter was cloned from a chromosomal DNA of Halobacillus dabanensis strain D-8(T) by functional complementation. Its presence enabled the antiporter-deficient Escherichia coli strain KNabc to survive in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl or 5 mM LiCl. The gene was sequenced and designated as nhaH. The deduced amino-acid sequence of NhaH consists of 403 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 43,481 Da, which was 54% identical and 76% similar to the NhaG Na(+)/H(+) antiporter of Bacillus subtilis. The hydropathy profile was characteristic of a membrane protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains. Everted membrane vesicles prepared from E. coli cells carrying nhaH exhibited Na(+)/H(+) as well as Li(+)/H(+) antiporter activity, which was pH-dependent with highest activities at pH 8.5-9.0 and at pH 8.5, respectively. Moreover, nhaH confers upon E. coli KNabc cells the ability to grow under alkaline conditions.


BACKGROUND
Extruded and ground milk protein concentrate powders, specifically those with 800 g kg-1 protein (i.e. MPC80), imparted softness, cohesion and textural stability to high-protein nutrition (HPN) bars. The present study evaluated some physicochemical properties of extruded and conventionally produced (i.e. spray-dried) MPC80 to explain these improvements. Protein chemical changes and aggregations within MPC80-formulated HPN bars during storage were characterized.

RESULTS
Extruded MPC80 powders had broader particle size distribution (P < 0.05) and smaller volume-weighted mean diameter (P < 0.05) than the spray-dried control. Loose, tapped and particle densities increased (P < 0.05) and correspondingly occluded and interstitial air volumes decreased (P < 0.05) after extruding and milling MPC80. Extrusion decreased water holding capacity (P < 0.05) and solubility (P < 0.05), yet improved the wettability (P < 0.05) of MPC80. MPC80 free sulfhydryl (P < 0.05) and free amine (P < 0.05) concentrations decreased after extrusion. Sulfhydryl and amine concentrations changed (P < 0.05) and disulfide-linked and, more prominently, Maillard-induced aggregates developed during HPN bar storage.

CONCLUSION
Extrusion and milling together changed the physicochemical properties of MPC80. Chemical changes and protein aggregations occurred in HPN bars prepared with either type of MPC80. Thus, the physicochemical properties of the formulating powder require consideration for desired HPN bar texture and stability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Background Urine-based diagnostics indicated involvement of OP18 in bladder cancer. In cell culture models we investigated the role of oncoprotein 18 for malignant cell growth. Methods We analyzed 113 urine samples and investigated two human BCa cell lines as a dual model: RT-4 and ECV-304, which represented differentiated (G1) and poorly differentiated (G3) BCa. We designed specific siRNA for down-regulation of OP18 in both cell lines. Phenotypes were characterized by cell viability, proliferation, and expression of apoptosis-related genes. Besides, sensitivity to cisplatin treatment was evaluated. Results Analysis of urine samples from patients with urothelial BCa revealed a significant correlation of the RNA-ratio oncoprotein 18:uroplakin 1A with bladder cancer. High urinary ratios were mainly found in moderately to poorly differentiated tumors (grade G2-3) that were muscle invasive (stage T2-3), whereas samples from patients with more differentiated non-invasive BCa (G1) showed low OP18:UPK1A RNA ratios. Down-regulation of OP18 expression in ECV-304 shifted its phenotype towards G1 state. Further, OP18-directed siRNA induced apoptosis and increased chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin. Conclusions This study provides conclusive experimental evidence for the link between OP18-derived RNA as a diagnostic marker for molecular staging of BCa in non-invasive urine-based diagnostics and the patho-mechanistic role of OP18 suggesting this gene as a therapeutic target.


According to the problem that the whole data and information is always necessary, using rough set theory as a guide, making some analyses on reduction in knowledge base and information system, this paper propose a general mode structure of reduction. It shows that there are three terms in process of reduction and the most important term is definition and measure of ability.


Background:
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lethal disease and hence the strong need for
identifying new prognostic factors. Methods: This is a retrospective study
including all eligible patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma
(MPM) presenting to National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Neutrophil
lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was assessed before second line chemotherapy. 2.5 was
used as the cutoff point. Endpoints were the assessment of correlation between
N/L ratio and clinical response (CR), progression free survival (PFS) and
overall survival (OS). Results: 52 patients (19 stage III and 33 stage IV) MPM
were included and followed up during the period from July 2009 till November
2012 with a median follow-up period of 2.6 months. 87.5% of patients with N/L
ratio > 2.5 showed progressive disease versus 91.7% in patients with N/L
ratio 2.5 versus 14% for patients with N/L ratio 2.5 versus 66% for patients
with N/L ratio


IntroductionThe issue of regime change in North Korea began to draw international attention after the fall of the communist regimes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Many analysts predicted that North Korea would have followed Poland and Czechoslovakia in their abandoning of communism. However, North Korea has successfully kept its political system intact. Throughout the 1990s, North Korea intensified its ideological campaign to prevent "unhealthy bourgeois culture and ideology" from infiltrating the society and "contaminating" the youth and intellectuals.However, since the U.S. military action in Iraq in 2003, policy discussions on preemptive strikes and regime change in North Korea have been abounding in Washington. In the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the Bush administration in its 2002 National Security Strategy unveiled that one of its main security schemes would include a preemptive strike strategy. Washington's aim was to destroy any threats from terrorists and rogue states before they could ever reach U.S. borders, with or without the support from the international community.Although the act of war can be clearly viewed as one of the pathways to regime change as witnessed in Iraq, in the case of North Korea, such an option seems to remain only a remote possibility. Rather than through war, many argue that North Korea's regime change could be brought about through an implosion. Recent North Korean efforts to liberalize its economy through experiments with bold economic reforms have led some analysts to assert that its civil society may eventually experience ascendance, or even exercise a similar kind of power against its state as witnessed in Eastern Europe.The purpose of this article is to analyze the prospects for regime change through civil society mobilization in North Korea. It offers an analysis of North Korean exceptionalism in regard to its economic crisis and economic development theories of regime change. It argues that several components of political opportunity structures salient to North Korea work as constraints on regime change, which could be triggered by either economic crisis or economic development. The article first examines existing theoretical frameworks for regime change, probing the theses that both economic crisis and economic reform give rise to political pluralism, activate civil society, and thus lead to regime change. This section is followed by an analysis of the changes in North Korea's economic policies. The article then explores the relevance of political opportunity structures in accounting for regime change in North Korea. Finally, it offers an assessment of prospects for activation of North Korea's civil society and regime change.Theoretical Frameworks for Regime ChangeRegime denotes more permanent forms of political structures than government and refers to "a government or sequence of governments in which power remains essentially in the hands of the same social group."1 The governments formed within a particular regime embody a common set of norms and procedures, and, on this account, a change of government does not necessarily involve a change in regime.2 Regime change pursues fundamental alteration of the norms and principles, while change within a regime involves "alterations of rules and decision-making procedures, but not of norms or principles."3 North Korea experienced a change of government when Kim Jong Il came into power after the death of his father, Kim Il Sung. However, the regime remained in place, as the junior Kim adhered to the fundamental norms and values of his father's government. Therefore, any efforts to change the North Korean regime should involve attempts to destroy the fundamental values and structures of Kim's government, and alter the governing principles and norms, including the socialist values and the Juche (self-reliance) ideology.The structuralist perspective of regime change views economic constraints as the principal explanatory variable of a regime collapse. …


Abstract Problems dealing with the generation of internal waves at the surface separating two fluids involves the consideration of different types of singularities in one of the two fluids. In this paper the velocity potentials describing line sources are obtained for the case when each fluid is of finite constant depth, neglecting effects of surface tension at the surface of separation.


Grafting is an important agricultural practice to control soil-borne diseases, alleviate continuous cropping problems and improve stress tolerance in vegetable industry, but it is relatively less applied in pepper production. A recent study has revealed the key roles of β-1, 4-glucanase in graft survival. We speculated that the GH9 family gene encoding glucanase may be involved in the obstacles of pepper grafting. Therefore, we performed a systematic analysis of the GH9 family in pepper, tomato and tobacco. A total of 25, 24 and 42 GH9 genes were identified from these three species. Compared with the orthologues of other solanaceous crops, the deduced pepper GH9B3 protein lacks a conserved motif (Motif 5). Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that a wound-responsive element exists in the promoter of tobacco NbGH9B3, but it is absent in the GH9B3 promoter of most solanaceous crops. The auxin-responsive related element is absent in CaGH9B3 promoter, but it presents in the promoter of tobacco, tomato, potato and petunia GH9B3. Tissue and induction expression profiles indicated that GH9 family genes are functionally differentiated. Nine GH9 genes, including CaGH9B3, were detected expressing in pepper stem. The expression patterns of NbGH9B3 and CaGH9B3 in grafting were different in our test condition, with obvious induction in tobacco but repression in pepper. Furthermore, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 58 transcription factor genes highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. Eight WRKY binding sites were detected in the promoter of NbGH9B3, and several NbWRKYs were highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. In conclusion, the missing of Motif 5 in CaGH9B3, and lacking of wound- and auxin-responsive elements in the gene promoter are the potential causes of grafting-related problems in pepper. WRKY family transcription factors could be important regulator of NbGH9B3 in tobacco grafting. Our analysis points out the putative regulators of NbGH9B3, which would be helpful to the functional validation and the study of signal pathways related to grafting in the future.


An A1050 aluminum sheet was collided against a steel mold with a small V-shaped through-thickness groove by using magnetic pulse forming (MPF) at various charging energy conditions. Deformation behavior of the sheet was also reproduced by using a series of numerical analyses. The groove was fi lled at high charging energy condition. Almost no change in grain morphology was observed at the mid-thickness area of the sheet, but extremely large intensive deformation occurred at the metal surface region along the slope of the mold. Deformation of the MPFed Al sheet was numerically analyzed by using ANSYS Emag-Mechanical. Electromagnetic force and deformation of the sheet was reproduced, and the impact velocity of the sheet to the mold was obtained. Deformation behavior of Al under various impact velocity conditions was analyzed by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method of ANSYS AUTODYN. The groove was completely fi lled with Al at the high impact velocity condition, and an extremely large plastic strain and strain rate were observed only at the sheet surface. These simulation results corresponded very well to the fi nal shape and the local microstructure change observed in the MPFed Al sheet.


ABSTRACT The end of Privy Council appeals in 1986 was a transformative event in Australia's common law history. This article examines the High Court of Australia's attitude to changing common law doctrines in the period 1987–2016, covering the Mason, Brennan, Gleeson and French Courts. Throughout this period, it is shown that the Court has consistently been willing to overturn and modify common law rules for the sake of achieving coherence and certainty to the law. However, it is argued that the Mason Court espoused a bolder vision of the permissible bases for change, in contrast to the Gleeson and French Courts. The Mason Court derived new common law rights from general principles, and invoked contemporary values and international human rights norms to change common law doctrines. In the Gleeson and French eras, a majority of judges were disinclined to consider justifications of this nature, even when opportunities existed.


Perfectly competitive labor markets without distortionary taxes combined with a profit maximizing behavior of firms should imply that real wages should equal marginal product of labor (MPL). In this paper, we study the Turkish manufacturing industry and find that there exist a significant widening gap between real wages and marginal product of labor over the period 1950-2009. Using different time-series econometric techniques we show that this gap is foremost correlated with the unemployment rate over the period of study. To provide an economic mechanism for this relationship we build a search model of employment with endogenous bargaining. Our model implies that this observation is consistent with declining bargaining power of the workers, which is also supported by the data.


Collection of hot electrons generated by the efficient absorption of light in metallic nanostructures, in contact with semiconductor substrates can provide a basis for the construction of solar energy-conversion devices. Herein, we evaluate theoretically the energy-conversion efficiency of systems that rely on internal photoemission processes at metal-semiconductor Schottky-barrier diodes. In this theory, the current-voltage characteristics are given by the internal photoemission yield as well as by the thermionic dark current over a varied-energy barrier height. The Fowler model, in all cases, predicts solar energy-conversion efficiencies of <1% for such systems. However, relaxation of the assumptions regarding constraints on the escape cone and momentum conservation at the interface yields solar energy-conversion efficiencies as high as 1%–10%, under some assumed (albeit optimistic) operating conditions. Under these conditions, the energy-conversion efficiency is mainly limited by the thermionic dark current, the distribution of hot electron energies, and hot-electron momentum considerations.


Parameter inference of dynamical systems is a challenging task faced by many researchers and practitioners across various fields. In many applications, it is common that only limited variables are observable. In this paper, we propose a method for parameter inference of a system of nonlinear coupled ODEs with partial observations. Our method combines fast Gaussian process based gradient matching (FGPGM) and deterministic optimization algorithms. By using initial values obtained by Bayesian steps with low sampling numbers, our deterministic optimization algorithm is both accurate and efficient.


To ensure equal access to care for deaf patients, hospitals must make certain that their staff members can communicate effectively with these patients. To do so, common misconceptions about deaf people and about how they communicate must be corrected, and resources and techniques for staff members to use in communicating with deaf patients must be identified and learned.


INTRODUCTION
No Danish validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) exises for assessing throat-related quality of life in patients with recurrent acute tonsillitis (RT) and chronic tonsillitis (CT). We aimed to translate and linguistically validate the Tonsillectomy Outcome Inventory 14 (TOI-14) into Danish and describe scores in RT and CT patients before and after tonsillectomy as well as in healthy controls.

METHODS
We followed the guideline for PROM translation and cultural adaption set out by the Quality of Life Special Interest Group - Translation and Cultural Adaptation group formed by ISPOR. We included RT and CT patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy, who answered the questionnaire pre- and post-operatively (six-month follow-up) as well as healthy controls who answered the questionnaire once.

RESULTS
A Danish version of the TOI-14 was developed according to the guideline. A total of 49 RT patients, 34 CT patients and 67 controls were included in the final analysis. Preoperatively, RT and CT patients had markedly higher TOI-14 scores than controls (mean total scores: RT: 45.6; CT: 21.7; controls: 8.9, both p less-than 0.001). Post-operatively, scores fell to levels similar to those of controls (RT: 10.2, p = 0.51; CT: 4.7, p = 0.05).

CONCLUSION
We translated, culturally adapted and linguistically validated the Danish version of the TOI-14, finding scores in RT patients, CT patients and controls similar to those recorded by previous studies in German, English and Finnish.

FUNDING
The Lundbeck Foundation, grant #R185-2014-2482.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Central Denmark Region #1-16-02-723-20.


Our paper about the impacts of the Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursion 42,000 years ago has provoked considerable scientific and public interest, particularly in the so-called Adams Event associated with the initial transition of the magnetic poles. Although we welcome the opportunity to discuss our new ideas, Hawks' assertions of misrepresentation are especially disappointing given his limited examination of the material.


Several problems in the theory of combinatorial geometries (or matroids) are solved by means of algorithms which involve the notion of "abstract pivots". The main example is the Edmonds–Fulkerson partition theorem, which is applied to prove a number of generalized exchange properties for bases.


Heterotopic pancreatic tissue within the stomach is rare and dysplasia within heterotopic pancreatic tissue is very rare. We present the first report of a patient with concurrent occurrence of heterotopic pancreas in the stomach with a gastrointestinal stromal tumour.


The acceleration of charged particles, producing collimated monoenergetic beams, over short distances holds the promise to offer new tools in medicine and diagnostics. Here, we consider a possible mechanism for accelerating protons to high energies by using a phase modulated circularly polarized electromagnetic wave propagating along a constant magnetic field. It is observed that a plane wave with dimensionless amplitude of 0.1 is capable to accelerate a 1 keV proton to 386 MeV under optimum conditions. Finally, we discuss possible limitations of the acceleration scheme.


OBJECTIVES
Oral health can affect quality of life in all course of life, which is a key factor of general health. Dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer are of the highest burden of oral diseases. Rising prevalence of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages consumption due to easy access and socio-demographic altering has increased the concerns on oral health. In this review our purpose was to show effects of the most consumed beverages on oral health in people older than 15 years.

METHODS
The review was based on papers published in last 10 years, searched with combined key words related to types of drinks and specific oral health problems. We included 4 older studies due to lack of newer studies on subjected topics.

RESULTS
Sugar-free soft drinks are found less cariogenic and erosive than regular versions in limited number of studies. Alcohol consumption is shown as one of the risk factors of prevalence and severity of periodontitis and is proven to have synergistic effects along with tobacco on oral cancer risk. Consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages was related with tooth loss whether dental caries or periodontal diseases.

CONCLUSION
There is good evidence for association between soft drinks and oral health problems, but still no clear answer exists about strength of association between sugar-free soft drinks and dental caries. Also the knowledge about influence of alcohol is inadequate. Since consuming style affects erosive potential of drinks manufacturers should be required to add some recommendations on labels about drinking style.


Ocular dominance plasticity reconsidered How neuronal circuits are established and reformed during development and learning is unclear. One idea is that cortical circuits have virtually unlimited plasticity and are rebuilt routinely from random components. An alternative view is that some of these connections are more or less preformed and rigid. Working in mice, Rose et al. looked at how visual cortical neurons change their response after monocular deprivation. After recovery, the response properties of the neurons returned to their pre-deprivation pattern. Thus, it is not the strong connectivity backbone but perhaps inhibitory and weaker connections that are changed temporarily during sensory deprivation, whereas a core circuitry returns to default mode even after several days of altered activity. Science, this issue p. 1319 Individual neurons in the mouse brain adapt their response properties during changes of the visual environment. Monocular deprivation evokes a prominent shift of neuronal responses in the visual cortex toward the open eye, accompanied by functional and structural synaptic rearrangements. This shift is reversible, but it is unknown whether the recovery happens at the level of individual neurons or whether it reflects a population effect. We used ratiometric Ca2+ imaging to follow the activity of the same excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in the mouse visual cortex over months during repeated episodes of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. We observed robust shifts toward the open eye in most neurons. Nevertheless, these cells faithfully returned to their pre-deprivation OD during binocular recovery. Moreover, the initial network correlation structure was largely recovered, suggesting that functional connectivity may be regained despite prominent experience-dependent plasticity.


Cervical stiffness in horses is a common complaint and can adversely affect performance. Presenting signs may include resistance to turning, lameness not localized to the distal limb, poor performance, abnormal gait, loss of power, incoordination, and ataxia. The objective of this randomized, controlled, blinded study was to determine whether acupuncture (AP) can be an effective treatment for cervical stiffness in horses. Eighteen horses were randomly assigned to either the Test Group (acupuncture) or the Control Group (sham-acupuncture) with three treatments given 7-10 days apart. Lateral bend was quantitatively evaluated before the first treatment and one day after the third treatment with analysis on video recordings. Measurements were taken at the point of maximal bend (R1) and pre-compensation bend (R2). In addition, muscle mass of the neck was measured at the level of the caudal aspect of the second cervical vertebra and at the caudal aspect of the fifth cervical vertebra at the same assessment times as for lateral bend. The person taking the measurements was blinded as to treatment group. The results showed that the Test Group had significantly larger mean R1 (p = 0.019) and R2 (p = 0.008), than the Control Group. No significant difference was found in muscle mass between subject groups. These outcomes suggest that acupuncture can improve lateral bend in horses and can be an effective treatment for cervical stiffness in horses.


this paper presents framework for developing shell expert system as new environment development for expert systems. The framework is based on the integration of two different knowledge representation formats. The integration consists of the Rule-base and the Case-based formats using the Blackboard. This scheme uses both procedural and declarative knowledge representation formalisms through the application of relational data base. So the rule base and case base formats have been converted into tables. In this paper all the algorithms, for creating, indexing, and checking th e availability of a rule and a case, are present. The scheme facilitates combination of forward and backward chaining reasoning, using many problem solving methodologies, and different searching techniques. This view is based on the phil osophy of human memory organization and utilization. Also individual uses the common sense, deduction and analogical reasoning activities in order to be more efficient for solvin g problems. Therefore, the proposed scheme facilitates the common sense, deduction and analogical reasoning activities in th e inference engine, because rule base provides the deduction, c ase base provides the analogical reasoning, and the blackboard provides the common sense. The scheme makes the proposed Rule-Case- based shell expert system more flexible, efficient, and more powerful for the development of the expert systems in future.


Abstract Over much of the western part of the Loess Plateau of north China, aeolian silts averaging 150 m in thickness drape the mountainous pre-Pleistocene bedrock. The semi-arid climate with its violent monsoonal rainstorms, and the recurrent earthquakes associated with the continuing uplift of the adjacent Tibetan Plateau, contribute to frequent and rapid failure of the loess-mantled slopes. Losses of livelihood and life are amongst the most serious in all China. Landslides in eastern Gansu total more than 40000 and affect over 27% of the total area of the Province. Accelerating population growth and associated expansion in both industry and agriculture, especially since the 1950s, has added urgency to the need to improve control and management of the landslide hazard. Several approaches to control and prevention have evolved, tailored to failure type and stage of development. Some of these are discussed, particular attention being paid to certain successful procedures employed in the control of two large landslides in the major city of Tianshui. It is suggested that these slides provide a useful model for future landslide control and prevention strategies in similar urban agglomerations in the Chinese Loess Plateau.


Packing problems have been much studied in the past decades due, in particular, to their wide range of applications in many settings of theoretical and practical interest, including packing/loading, scheduling, and routing. We focus onMulti-Dimensional Packing problems, which present specific methodological challenges while also being of particular interest to transportation and modern supply chains, due to the need to consolidate and optimize flows of freight and vehicles. The rich literature presents a plethora of problem variants, models, and solution methods. Yet, a general overview and synthesis of the field is missing, as we lack a general methodological framework able to efficiently address different problem variants, i.e., obtain good-quality solutions with limited computational efforts. Addressing these issues is the main goal of this chapter.


Purpose: The present clinical focus draws on an intrinsic case study to provide a thick description of the communication profile of John, a 9-year-old minimally verbal autistic student.Method: Specifically, traditional behavioral assessments, classroom video observations, and semistructured interviews were used to gather information regarding John's communication profile and potential sensory–motor differences.Results: Convergent evidence indicated that John's expressive profile was characterized by single words, emergent word combinations, some conventional gestures, and a low frequency of communicative initiations. Concomitant language comprehension challenges and poor intelligibility associated with motor speech impairment were also indicated. His sensory–motor profile was marked by fine motor impairment, relative strengths in gross motor abilities, and sensory differences across visual, hearing, and tactile modalities.Conclusion: Direct implications for supporting minimally verbal autistic students like John include the need to (a) consider sensory–motor influences on social interaction and (b) support flexible use of multimodal communication resources, including augmentative and alternative communication.Supplemental Material S1. Sample interview transcription, which includes time course of interactions, codes for salient gestures, paralinguistic features, eye gaze, and use of augmentative and alternative communication devices. Vidal, V., McCallister, A., & DeThorne, L. (2020). Communication profile of a minimal verbal school-age autistic child: A case study. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_LSHSS-19-00021


Large block circulant sparse matrices whose submatrices have all non-zero elements within an elliptical or general closed strip, appear in Tomographic image reconstruction from projections. A new 2-D array architecture which fully exploits these features is introduced for the iterative solution of linear systems involving such matrices. Each sub row-vector product is computed in parallel by one row of simple processing units and pipelined to give a high utilisation ratio. A two level controller is used having one Main Control Unit (MCU) and identical simple Sub-Control Units (SCU) - one for each row of the array. This allows appropriate flow of the data and partial products, which in effect split and straighten the elliptical strip to produce two strip diagonal matrices. The VLSI designs for the MCU and SCU have been completed.


How do helpers react if their offers of help have been rejected by needy others, the help has been accepted but not used, or the needy others seek help elsewhere? A model was advanced to capture how spurned helpers react (Rosen, Mickler, & Spiers, 1986). One avenue taken to assess the validity of the model is to assess if caregiving professionals react to spurning of their help in ways consistent with the propositions of the model. Accordingly, we have been examining spurning of help by peers among schoolteachers, having explored such experiences in kindergarten and secondary school teachers. The present study extended our work to primary school teachers to test the propositions of the model through examining (a) how teachers' self-images of competence and caring influenced their reactions and (b) whether spurned teachers reacted self-defensively. 732 primary school teachers in the city of Shenzhen (China) responded to three waves of questionnaires measuring the variables under study. The results showed that the teachers experienced a moderate level of spurning, and coped by derogating the personal attributes of rejecting peers, with those having more positive self-images coping more intensely, thus supporting the validity of the propositions of the model.


The phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil, is used in seed coating against Agriotes larvae, which infest mainly corn and sunflower. Coating the seeds of the cultivated plants with fipronil has proven its effectiveness against Agriotes populations. In the case of sunflower or even corn, the possible root uptake of this insecticide may lead to a toxic effect against pollinators such as honeybees. In the present report, the uptake and transport of fipronil inside the sunflower seedling was studied in the laboratory. In a first study, sunflower was cultivated on an aqueous medium containing fipronil. An intense root uptake of fipronil occurred, leading to a transport into leaves depending upon transpiration. In a second study, plants were cultivated on a soil in which fipronil was uniformly distributed. Under our soil conditions (20% organic carbon), the partition coefficient between soil and water (K(d)) was found to be equal to 386 +/- 30. The average rate of fipronil transfer from soil water to seedlings was from 2 to 2.6 times lower than water transfer. During the 3 week experiment, 55% of recovered labeled compounds was in the parent form and 35% had been converted to lipophilic metabolites, with either a 4-CF(3)-SO(2) or 4-CF(3)-S substituant, which are also very potent lipophilic insecticides. This paper suggests that the possible uptake of fipronil by sunflower seedlings under agronomic conditions is mainly controlled by the physicochemical characteristics of the seed-coating mixture.


Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the medical parameters of celiac disease cases in the preschool age group in terms of public health and to make recommendations to health professionals, policy makers and the society.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between February 2017 and December 2018 in Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic. Clinical and laboratory findings of preschool children diagnosed with celiac disease were retrospectively analyzed. Anamnesis, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, endoscopic biopsies and pathology results of pati-ents were evaluated.
Results: The most common presenting complaint was growth retardation (96.3%), followed by chronic diarrhea (32.5%) and constipation (27.5%). Height-for-age and weight-for-age values were found to be lower in patients with chronic diarrhea and duodenitis compared to those without (p<0.05). Patients with strong positive tissue transglutaminase-IgA (tTG IgA) levels had significantly higher Marsh scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions: For preschool-age children, initiating the diet via early diagnosis and ensuring adherence to diet are the main objectives. Children adhering to the diet have a higher success in elementary school and a shorter adaptation period.


A novel method based on the relevance vector machine (RVM) for the inverse scattering problem is presented in this paper. The nonlinearity and the ill-posedness inherent in this problem are simultaneously considered. The nonlinearity is embodied in the relation between the scattered field and the target property, which can be obtained through the RVM training process. Besides, rather than utilizing regularization, the ill-posed nature of the inversion is naturally accounted for because the RVM can produce a probabilistic output. Simulation results reveal that the proposed RVM-based approach can provide comparative performances in terms of accuracy, convergence, robustness, generalization, and improved performance in terms of sparse property in comparison with the support vector machine (SVM) based approach.


The aim of this study was to characterise and compare widely used acquisition strategies for hyperpolarised 13C imaging. Free induction decay chemical shift imaging (FIDCSI), echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI), IDEAL spiral chemical shift imaging (ISPCSI) and spiral chemical shift imaging (SPCSI) sequences were designed for two different regimes of spatial resolution. Their characteristics were studied in simulations and in tumour‐bearing rats after injection of hyperpolarised [1‐13C]pyruvate on a clinical 3‐T scanner. Two or three different sequences were used on the same rat in random order for direct comparison. The experimentally obtained lactate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the tumour matched the simulations. Differences between the sequences were mainly found in the encoding efficiency, gradient demand and artefact behaviour. Although ISPCSI and SPCSI offer high encoding efficiencies, these non‐Cartesian trajectories are more prone than EPSI and FIDCSI to artefacts from various sources. If the encoding efficiency is sufficient for the desired application, EPSI has been proven to be a robust choice. Otherwise, faster spiral acquisition schemes are recommended. The conclusions found in this work can be applied directly to clinical applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The content of free crystalline silica in dusts containing silicates was investigated using Polezajew's method, the HBF4 method and X-ray diffraction. Polezajew's method was found to give highly increased results (133.4% on the average), and with 5% of quartz in mixture with kaolin--252%. Solution of silicates, when heated, in fluoroboric acid considerably reduces the error of determination. The mean value of SiO2 recovery in mixtures of quartz with kaolin is 102.9% and with 5% of quartz--116. This method is highly precise. The results of determination of crystalline silica content in some mineral raw materials used in ceramic industry approximated the results obtained using X-ray diffraction.


We are developing a biomimetic electronic neural prosthesis to replace regions of the hippocampal brain area that have been damaged by disease or insult. We have used the hippocampal slice preparation as the first step in developing such a prosthesis. The major intrinsic circuitry of the hippocampus consists of an excitatory cascade involving the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 subregions; this trisynaptic circuit can be maintained in a transverse slice preparation. Our demonstration of a neural prosthesis for the hippocampal slice involves: (i) surgically removing CA3 function from the trisynaptic circuit by transecting CA3 axons, (ii) replacing biological CA3 function with a hardware VLSI (very large scale integration) model of the nonlinear dynamics of CA3, and (iii) through a specially designed multi-site electrode array, transmitting DG output to the hardware device, and routing the hardware device output to the synaptic inputs of the CA1 subregion, thus by-passing the damaged CA3. Field EPSPs were recorded from the CA1 dendritic zone in intact slices and "hybrid" DG-VLSI-CA1 slices. Results show excellent agreement between data from intact slices and transected slices with the hardware-substituted CA3: propagation of temporal patterns of activity from DGrarrVLSIrarrCA1 reproduces that observed experimentally in the biological DGrarrCA3rarrCA1 circuit


A skill base parallel service system is comprised of a set of customers of different classes that arrive randomly for service, a set of servers that serve those customers and a set of qualifications that defines which customer classes can be served by which server. Systems of this kind appear in a wide range of applications from the assignment of jobs to employees with different skills to network traffic routing. Literature regarding these systems has almost exclusively been focused on the asymptotic heavy traffic regime. The reason being that such an asymptotic regime is convenient to analyze and allows the derivation of exact results. However, although many applications can be well approximated by an asymptotic regime, many others can not. In this work we are especially concerned with large scale sparse systems where, despite the system being large of scale, each customer class can only be served by a small subset of the servers. After laying foundations for the model in Chapter 1 and exploring structural properties in Chapter 2 we go on to present the two main contributions of this work. In Chapter 3 we develop a set of approximations that compile to a , first of its kind, approximation scheme of matching rates of skill based parallel service system operating under the \textit{first-come-first-serve} or \textit{longest-queue-first} policies. The accuracy of the approximation is verified with extensive simulation experiments where it is shown to provide matching rate estimates with an absolute error of $3\%-5\%$ for a wide range of traffic intensities. Later, in Chapter 4 we use insights provided by the new approximation to derive weighted versions of the \textit{first-come-first-serve} or \textit{longest-queue-first} and show, through comprehensive simulation testing, that these weighted polices dramatically reduce the waiting time of customers in congested system compared to the original unweighted versions. Finally, we extend the use of the weighted policies to systems with matching rewards and show that, by appropriate choice of weights, these policies can be used by a controller to efficiently trade-off between the rate of reward accumulation and waiting time experienced by the customers


How does a society's religious context affect the relationships between personal religiosity and well-being? To explore this question, we used two measures of personal religiosity, the absolute importance of religion, and the importance of religion relative to the importance of six life domains, viz., family, friends, work, politics, leisure, and religion. To test the generalizability of relationships between these two measures of personal religiosity and well-being, we tested them across representative samples of 66,992 persons from 47 societies varying in their emphasis on socializing children for religious faith. Pan-societally, personal religiosity predicted many of the five well-being measures including satisfaction with life, happiness, subjective health, trust of strangers, and trust of known others, but in opposite directions depending on whether the absolute or the relative importance of personal religiosity was used. Controlling for wealth, a societal emphasis on socializing children for religious faith moderated the links of personal religiosity with happiness, trust of strangers, and trust of known others, but most evidence revealed that a societal emphasis on religious faith attenuated the strength of these linkages. We argue that measuring an individual's religiosity in the context of their daily living yields a more realistic view of religion's role in personal life and social living and suggest that there are both personal and social costs for investing strongly in religion relative to other domains of daily life. Societal religious context must also be assessed to provide a more nuanced understanding of personal religiosity and its associated correlates.


INTRODUCTION
Body composition is an important prognostic factor in patients with COPD. The decrease in fat free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM) and increase in visceral fat is associated with an elevated secretion of cytokines which promote systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate body composition and the cytokine profile in patients with COPD in relation with the presence of hyperinflation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group consisted of 149 patients (61F, 88M) with stable COPD in all stages of severity aged 68 ± 8.8 yrs. All the patients underwent spirometry and bodypletysmography with bronchial reversibility testing. Hyperinflation was defined as RV%TLC > 48% and > 126% predicted. Body composition was analyzed by bioimpedance. The following serum inflammatory markers were evaluated: C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, CC16, adiponectin and resistin.

RESULTS
Hyperinflation was found in 96 patients (group A) and it was more frequent in women than men (49/61 vs. 47/88, p < 0.001). BMI and age in this group were comparable to those in patients without hyperinflation (group B). Patients with hyperinflation have lover FFM, FFM index, MM and MM index and total body water and higher fat mass and fat mass index. We found significantly higher serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in group A: IL-6 - 6.4 ± 10.9 vs. 3.6 ± 4.2 pg/ml, resistin - 9.3 ± 4.2 vs. 7.6 ± 2.4 ng/ml, CRP 4.1 ± 2.3 vs. 2.9±2.1 mg/l, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with hyperinflation have a lower FFMI, TBW and MMI and a higher proportion of fat tissue. Hyperinflation is associated with elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers what may be associated with more severe disease. Body compositions abnormality and higher activity of systemic inflammation could therefore be a negative prognostic factor in COPD patients.


Infection worm is one of the many diseases that occur in the community but less attention. This can be due to the worm group Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH), a group of worms that cycle through the soil life, namely Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma sp. Children more often found STH infected. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of STH parasites in children aged 2-9 years in RW 04 Batakte Urban Village, Kupang Barat District, Kupang District in 2017. This type of research is a descriptive research that is the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths parasite. The subjects of this study were 59 children collected by total sampling method. The feces of the study subjects were collected, then examined by the native method to determine STH infection. The result of the research that has been done, the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths parasite in children aged 2-9 years in RW 04 Batakte urban village is 12% is 7 samples positive Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis).


Abstract Pollution generated by the fashion industry drives people to pay attention to fashion companies' sustainability practice. This increase in attention has induced vast literature studying the related area. Since the fashion apparel supply chain is complicated which involves a lot of interrelated steps and decisions, how fashion companies can identify the demand in sustainable fashion and make the right decision in resource allocation throughout the supply chain becomes a critical issue. As a result, this paper examines how a fashion company can develop a successful sustainable planning strategy throughout the sustainable fashion supply chain. The sustainability attributes and the sustainable planning strategy mechanism are also discussed. Based on the institutional theory and resource-based theory, we first analyse the external pressure and internal motivations for companies to adopt a sustainable planning strategy in the fashion supply chain. We then identify the core stakeholders related to the sustainable planning strategy and propose how the decision-making theory can help develop the sustainable supply chain management mechanism. Next, we establish a sustainable planning strategy framework. Finally, via a case study with public data on the fashion giant brand Nike, we explore the application of our proposed sustainable planning strategy framework. The finding suggests that the strategic planning of fashion companies on sustainability can improve the performance of the stakeholders throughout the whole sustainable fashion supply chain.


In this work, we characterize the performance of a deep convolutional neural network designed to detect and quantify chemical elements in experimental x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. Given the lack of a reliable database in literature, in order to train the neural network we computed a large (<100 k) dataset of synthetic spectra, based on randomly generated materials covered with a layer of adventitious carbon. The trained net performs as well as standard methods on a test set of ≈500 well characterized experimental x-ray photoelectron spectra. Fine details about the net layout, the choice of the loss function and the quality assessment strategies are presented and discussed. Given the synthetic nature of the training set, this approach could be applied to the automatization of any photoelectron spectroscopy system, without the need of experimental reference spectra and with a low computational effort.


The invention concerns powder compositions of stabilised unilamellar liposomes, comprising at least an external lipid phase and a internal aqueous polar nucleus gelled at room temperature, the method for preparing them and their applications as nutritional additives and in pharmaceutical compositions to be orally administered (with action against lipemia). Said compositions essentially consist of unilamellar liposomes comprising an external lipid phase consisting of class 4 lipids (phospholipids) and an internal aqueous nucleus consisting essentially of a mixture M of at least two different non-polymerisable gelling agents (G1 and G2) whereof the gel-sol phase transition point is not less than 37 DEG C, G1 being a gelling agent selected among gelatines and carrageenans and G2 being selected among carrageenans with properties different from the carrageenans selected for G1, and celluloses, which liposomes have a diameter ranging between 20 nm and 1 mm, preferably ranging between 50 nm and 500 nm and having the form of particulate units with an average particle diameter between 10 mm and 1000 mm, formed by one or several of said liposomes, enclosed in a sheath selected in the group consisting of a dehydrated thermoreversible aqueous gel identical to said internal nucleus aqueous gel, dextrins or a mixture thereof, such that they contain, on an average, 10 to 10 liposomes per gram of powder.


All 11 maturity-onset diabetics (age 55 to 79 years) switched from oral hypoglycemics to insulin during one year in our department, even though metabolically stable, have been followed up. The main reason for the change was a diminished sense of well-being combined with relatively ill-defined symptoms such as declining physical performance, fatigue, dizziness and pain in the legs. None of the patients was ketoacidotic and the 24-hour glucosuria was less than 15 g, although the average fasting blood sugar was markedly elevated to 296 mg/dl. After 6 months on insulin the 24-hour glucosuria had not changed but the fasting blood sugar had dropped to 183 mg/dl. This was accompanied by an improved sense of well-being (as measured by an analog scale) and by disappearance of the symptoms mentioned above. Even though 9 of the 11 patients were initially reluctant to change to insulin, all 11 were still on this drug after 6 months. The authors recommend broadening the indications for insulin therapy in stable adult-onset diabetics, particular attention being paid to vague symptoms such as fatigue and decreased physical performance.


Spherical multicellular aggregates (spheroids) of adult rat hepatocytes were spontaneously formed in the pores of polyurethane foam (PUF) as a culture substratum. Highly differentiated functions of hepatocytes, that is, albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and drug metabolism, were maintained in the spheroid culture using PUF. These spheroids were partly attached and immobilized in the pores of PUF. Then, we designed a PUF/spheroids packed-bed module as a hybrid artificial liver and developed an artificial liver support system, including an extracorporeal circulation line for recovery of a hepatic failure rat induced by D-galactosamine. Consequently, increases in blood ammonia concentrations in hepatic failure rats were suppressed below the hepatic coma level by the artificial liver support system, and 80% of these rats recovered from hepatic failure. From these results, it was suggested that hepatocytes/spheroid culture seemed to provide a promising culture system as a hybrid artificial liver.


Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic disease with inflammation at the enthesis of the spine and peripheral skeleton, which leads to bony erosion or juxtain sertional osteoporosis in the early stages. However, in later stages, new bone formation, syndesmophytes and ankylosis can occur. Generalized as well as regional osteopaenia is common in AS [1] with a frequency ranging from 50-92% [2-4]. It ranges from 41–62% in spine and 46–86% in femur [5].


Autobiographical memory retrieval involves constructing mental representations of personal past episodes by associating together an array of details related to the retrieved event. This construction process occurs flexibly so that the event details can be associated together in different ways during retrieval. Here, we propose that differences in how this association occurs support a division in autobiographical remembering. We first review theories of autobiographical memory organization that suggest that episodic details of an experience are processed along a gradient of abstraction. This organization allows for the same autobiographical event to be recalled as either a conceptualized or perceptually-based episodic memory. We then use neuroimaging evidence to show how this division within episodic autobiographical memory is also present in the brain, both at a network level and within the hippocampus. Specifically, we suggest that the anterior and posterior hippocampus are obligatorily tuned towards constructing conceptual vs. perceptual episodic representations of autobiographical memories. Finally, we discuss the directive purpose of this proposed division of episodic remembering by reviewing decision scenarios that benefit from recalling the past as a conceptual vs. a perceptual episode. Conceptual remembering is useful to guide ambiguous decisions that have yet to be encountered whereas perceptual remembering is useful to guide decisions for well-structured tasks that have been previously experienced. We emphasize that the ability to shift between conceptual and perceptual forms of remembering, by virtue of hippocampal specialization, during decision-making and other memory-guided actions is the key to adaptive behavior.


Zebrafish (Danio rerio) constitute an excellent model system to investigate the neural and genetic basis of quantitative cognition because of the single neuron resolution of calcium imaging of awake, behaving fish. While nonsymbolic numerical cognition has been investigated across many taxa, symbolic numerical cognition has not been investigated among fish. We developed a novel quantitative symbolic test for zebrafish using an operant conditioning paradigm in which the number of horizontal lines zebrafish approached in a 2-alternative forced choice task predicted the number of food reward pellets they would receive. Zebrafish did not at the population level learn a preference for the 2-line stimulus predictive of receiving 2 food pellets. However, they performed significantly above chance in a nonsymbolic discrimination task with the same apparatus, in which the 2-line stimulus was associated with the same reward but the choice of the 1-line stimulus was not rewarded. We also explored the explanatory value of alternative spatial learning hypotheses such as a Win-Stay, Lose-Shift (WSLS) strategy at the individual level for fish in navigating these spatially randomised tasks. The implications of this for symbolic versus nonsymbolic quantitative cognition in this model system are discussed relative to reward type and stimulus modality.


We present our experience with 27 patients with symptoms of alveolar hypoventilation, a precursor to respiratory failure, to demonstrate variability in symptoms, physiologic status and outcome of intervention. They represent 27 consecutive patients who tolerated NIPPV for more that 4 hours per 24-h period for more than 2 weeks. All patients received neurological consultation, electromyography and met criteria for ALS according to El Escorial diagnostic criteria. To assess respiratory status, spirometry was measured in sitting and when possible, in the supine positions. Resting arterial blood gases were available in 22 patients. Orthopnea was the most common symptom at the time of institution of NIPPV. No correlation existed between age at institution of NIPPV, duration of effective use of this technology or vital capacity and duration of effective use of NIPPV. The lack of correlation between vital capacity at the institution of NIPPV and duration of its effectiveness suggest that more sensitive indicators for the onset of alveolar hypoventilation must be defined, particularly since the principal benefit from its use is relief of symptoms of alveolar hypoventilation.


This paper explores the issue of documenting an endangered language from the perspective of a community with low levels of literacy. I first discuss the background of the language community with whom I work, the Lavukal people of Solomon Islands, and discuss whether, and to what extent, Lavukaleve is an endangered language. I then go on to discuss the documentation project. My main point is that while low literacy levels and a nonreading culture would seem to make documentation a strange choice as a tool for language maintenance, in fact both serve as powerful cultural symbols of the importance and prestige of Lavukaleve. It is well known that a common reason for language death is that speakers choose not to transmit their language to the next generation (e.g. Winter 1993). Lavukaleve is particularly vulnerable in this respect. By utilizing cultural symbols of status and prestige, the standing of Lavukaleve can be enhanced, thus helping to ensure the transmission of Lavukaleve to future generations.


There is ample evidence from studies of both unicellular and multicellular organisms that helicase-inactivating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction and disease phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the basis for abnormal phenotypes linked to mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases. Recent evidence demonstrates that a clinically relevant patient missense mutation in Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group J exerts detrimental effects on the biochemical activities of the FANCJhelicase, and these molecular defects are responsible for aberrant genomic stability and a poor DNA damage response. The ability of FANCJ to use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to produce the force required to unwind duplex or G-quadruplex DNA structures or destabilize protein bound to DNA is required for its DNA repair functions in vivo. Strikingly, helicase-inactivating mutations can exert a spectrum of dominant negative phenotypes, indicating that expression of the mutant helicase protein potentially interferes with normal DNA metabolism and has an effect on basic cellular processes such as DNA replication, the DNA damage response, and protein trafficking. This review emphasizes that future studies of clinically relevant mutations in helicase genes will be important to understand the molecular pathologies of the associated diseases and their impact on heterozygote carriers.


This essay considers liveliness and playfulness in the work of Bernini as aspects of his purpose to celebrate and to lend credibility to conceits and constructions of the highest social significance. It reviews telling examples of Bernini's oeuvre in an ascending hierarchical order, from his representation of emblems to his allegories on papal tombs. The approach here developed respects the conventions of decorum and classical rhetoric but also distinguishes between the decorum appropriate to social circumstances and that appropriate to works of fiction. Bernini's daring style, often considered a hallmark of baroque, here is represented as a consequence of the artist's profound respect for the integrity of the subjects he represents and of his wit. His extravagance is the means by which he pays his tribute to propriety and truth.

In order to clarify the distinctions which here matter an introductory section reviews the conventions of emblematic and allegorical art which Bernini inherited and, in ways entirely his own, perfected in sense but contradicted in manner. Attention is also drawn to the blurred borders which join as well as separate hermetic, emblematic, and allegorical imagery. Bernini made a point of distinguishing clearly between these genres of imaginatively imitating nature. His success is demonstrated in several examples of a paradoxical nature and the moral dimensions of his discernment are explored.

In the view here proposed a number of familiar works of art by Bernini and others shine in a, perhaps, brighter light and convey new information about themselves. Among these are Domenico Fontana's Moses Fountain, the "monster gate" of the Palazzo Zuccari in Rome, the Porta del Popolo, the Cattedra in St. Peter's, and the tomb of Urban VIII. Newly introduced to art history are emblematic devices combined with weathervanes and clocks on the bell towers of S. Anastasio dei Greci, St. Peter's, and the Palazzo di Montecitorio in Rome.


The dynamic response of a Timoshenko beam with immovable ends resting on a nonlinear viscoelastic foundation and subjected to motion of a traveling mass moving with a constant velocity is studied. Primarily, the beam's nonlinear governing coupled PDEs of motion for the lateral and longitudinal displacements as well as the beam's cross-sectional rotation are derived using Hamilton's principle. On deriving these nonlinear coupled PDEs the stretching effect of the beam's neutral axis due to the beam's fixed end conditions in conjunction with the von-Karman strain-displacement relations is considered. To obtain the dynamic responses of the beam under the act of a moving mass, derived nonlinear coupled PDEs of motion are solved by applying Galerkin's method. Then the beam's dynamic responses are obtained using mode summation technique. Furthermore, after verification of our results with other sources in the literature a parametric study on the dynamic response of the beam is conducted by changing the velocity of the moving mass, damping coefficient, and stiffnesses of the foundation including linear and cubic nonlinear parts, respectively. It is observed that the inclusion of geometrical and foundation stiffness nonlinearities into the system in presence of the foundation damping will produce significant effect in the beam's dynamic response.


ABSTRACT VP16 is an essential structural protein of herpes simplex virus. It plays important roles in immediate-early transcriptional regulation, in the modulation of the activities of other viral components, and in the pathway of assembly and egress of infectious virions. To gain further insight into the compartmentalization of this multifunctional protein we constructed and characterized recombinant viruses expressing VP16 linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP). These viruses replicate with virtually normal kinetics and yields and incorporate the fusion protein into the virion, resulting in autofluorescent particles. De novo-synthesized VP16-GFP was first detected in a diffuse pattern within the nucleus. Nuclear VP16-GFP was progressively recruited to replication compartments, which coalesced into large globular domains. By 10 to 12 h after infection additional distinct foci containing VP16-GFP could be seen, almost exclusively located at the periphery of the replication compartments. At the same time pronounced accumulation was observed in the cytoplasm, first in a diffuse pattern and then accumulating in vesicle-like compartments which were concentrated in an asymmetric fashion reminiscent of the Golgi. Inhibition of DNA replication resulted in prolonged diffuse nuclear distribution with minimal cytoplasmic accumulation. Treatment with brefeldin disrupted the cytoplasm vesicular pattern, resulting in redistributed large foci. Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated various dynamic features of infection, including the active induction of very long cellular projections (up to 100 μM). Vesicular clusters containing VP16 were transported within projections to the termini, which developed bulbous ends and appeared to embed into the membranes of adjacent uninfected cells.


PURPOSE: A natural antioxidant substance containing 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid, quercetin-3-0-β-D-glucopyranoside and hovenidine B6 as a new natural antioxidant active material separated from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. is provided which is expected to be used as a material of food and medicine having an anti-aging function. CONSTITUTION: Leaves and stems of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. are extracted in water, freeze dried and then extracted in methanol, followed by solvent fractionation to produce an ethyl acetate acidic fraction and neural fraction. An active material contained in the extract is then purified with a purifying means such as silica gel column chromatography, chromatography with Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilane column chromatography, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography or the like.


This collection presents new essays on emotion and its relation to the arts contributed from fifteen leading aestheticians. The essays will consider such topics as the paradox of fiction, emotion in the pure and abstract arts, and the rationality and ethics of emotional responses to art. Among the contributors are such noted authors as Kendal Walton, Rom Harre, Robert Solomon, and Jerrold Levinson.


The genus Vanoverberghia currently includes three species namely V. sepulchrei and V. rubrobracteata from the Philippines and V. sasakiana from Taiwan. New material targeting the Alpinia eubractea clade of the tribe Alpinieae was used to test
 the monophyly of Vanoverberghia. A combined analysis of the ITS and trnK/matK regions reveals that these three species form a strongly supported monophyletic clade with Alpinia diversifolia and Alpinia vanoverberghii. The morphological descriptions of all
 species were updated after examining recent collections and comparing with types and protologues. The original description of A. diversifolia did not include information on the flowers which are described here. The morphology of A. diversifolia and A. vanoverberghii is
 for most parts in accordance with the previous perception of the genus but a few characters are added and a recircumscription of Vanoverberghia is subsequently provided here. Vanoverberghia diversifolia is reinstated and A. vanoverberghii is combined in Vanoverberghia.
 Furthermore, collections from northern Luzon documents the presence of V. sasakiana and all species of Vanoverberghia thus occur in the Philippines. A key to the five species is provided including a comprehensive taxonomic revision and designation of three lectotypes.


This paper proposes a case study in which we address the challenging task of controlling a real-world synchronous generator. An experiment is designed to identify the generator model using the subspace state space identification method. Two controllers are designed using two different approaches, the first is based on the characteristic loci method, and the other is based on the H∞ loop shaping technique. Each controller design procedure is discussed in details. The performance of each controller is evaluated by simulation and implementation on the real-world plant. A comparison between the two approaches is discussed.


Abstract We review here the origin, outbreak characteristics and main epidemiological features of the novel Coronavirus (2019nCoV) responsible of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Rapid global health authorities' responses are now in course and international scientific collaboration is urgently need. Previous outbreaks experiences with similar viral agents have increased the capacity to containment and control of these recurrent health menaces.