The prestige accorded to standard language varieties, particularly within the field of education, together with language management role of schools with respect to the variety and the extent to which linguistic differences construct discontinuous relationships between the school and specific social groups provide the rationale for this paper. This qualitative study, based on a friendship focus group design, was conducted with two groups of 12-year-old children from contrasting 'ideal type', socio-economic groups over the period of one school year. Findings outline specific practices where the linguistic expectations and demands within school-space create different implications and outcomes for middle-class and working-class children as a result of their linguistic experiences in non-school space. The implications of these linguistic interactions on patterns of engagement with the school among the children in the sample are also considered.


Current metered dose inhalers (MDIs) contain chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants. A new propellant HFA134a, with no effect on ozone, may be a suitable alternative. Four asthma medications, salbutamol, salmeterol, fluticasone propionate (FP) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), currently containing standard CFC propellants, were formulated with HFA134a for investigation. Single doses of salbutamol (200 micrograms) and salmeterol (50 micrograms, 100 micrograms) provided equivalent protection against bronchial provocation, after histamine and methacholine respectively, compared with the current preparation. A double-blind 4 week study comparing the two formulations of salbutamol, used as required in mild to moderate asthma, showed similar effects on morning peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) and inhaler use. Salmeterol (50 micrograms) twice daily was compared with the current formulation in a 4 week trial. Improvement in morning PEFR was similar for both formulations. A double-blind study compared the two formulations of FP (250 micrograms) twice daily in moderate asthmatics previously taking 400-1,000 micrograms of inhaled corticosteroid daily. Morning PEFR improved in both groups. Safety and tolerability of the HFA134a product were similar to current formulations. The HFA134a formulations of salbutamol, salmeterol and FP provide equivalent efficacy with a similar safety profile to the existing formulations at equivalent doses.


This study sought to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of using WhatsApp and YouTube for biology learning media during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from students in semester 4 of the 2019/2020 academic year who attended biology learning media courses at IAIN Kendari's Biology Tadris Department. The ex-post facto method was used to interpret the current situation as the result of various factors that occurred previously, then to analyze and determine a solution for the current situation using a SWOT analysis. The finding showed that WhatsApp and YouTube could be used as teaching media in biology courses. While this proved to be an effective method, it became less effective due to an unstable internet network in student areas and high internet quota costs. The SWOT analysis revealed a number of challenges that were quickly addressed by internal (campus) and external (ministries) parties by lowering tuition fees and providing free internet quotas for students and lecturers. Based on this, it is possible to conclude that WhatsApp and YouTube can serve as 'buddies' for the COVID-19 pandemic's biology learning media courses.
Keywords: WhatsApp, YouTube, biology learning media, pandemic


This study drew on data mining from Powerlifting Championships recognized by the International Powerlifting Federation and compiled by the Openpowerlifting project. Analysis was made of the records of the best total score for each athlete by year from 2012 to 2021, evaluating the squat, bench press and deadlift disciplines. The annual progress (AP) of the athletes was then qualitatively codified using the difference between the results of consecutive years for each discipline and total. A positive difference was codified as 1 and a negative or equal result as 0, so obtaining 6 categories. AP was thus calculated for 32,539 men's and 15,700 women's samples from Classic powerlifting, and 14,181 men's and 6,518 women's samples from Equipped powerlifting. In order to evaluate these APs, decision tree analysis was generated using the CHAID growing method (Chi2 p<0.05), with AP as the dependent variable and Event, Age and Gender as factors. The most robust category was "Improvement of all disciplines and total" (IA), representing 46.1% of the global results. Age was the most relevant classification factor on the tree, with the youngest groups presenting the highest percentages of IA. Event was the next most significant factor, with Classic powerlifters showing higher percentages of IA than Equipped ones. Likewise, IA results within most weight classes were higher for Classic events than Equipped ones. The third important factor was Gender, with women attaining higher IAs than men, except for the 14–18-year-old group. Notably, the "No Improvements" category reflected a considerable percentage (11.7% of global results). The study suggests a sequence of annual outcomes in order of likelihood as follows: 1-Improvement of all disciplines and total, 2-Improvement of two disciplines and total, 3-No improvements, 4-Improvement of one discipline but not total, 5-Improvement of one discipline and total, and 6-Improvement of two disciplines but not total.


Abstract We study how non-financial multinational companies propagate economic declines from their subsidiaries located in countries experiencing an economic downturn to subsidiaries in countries not experiencing one. We find that investment is 18% lower in subsidiaries of these parents relative to the same-industry, same-country subsidiaries of parents that are headquartered in the same parent country but do not have a subsidiary in a country experiencing an economic downturn. The employment growth rate in the affected subsidiaries is zero or negative while it is 1.4% in the subsidiaries of unaffected parents. The aggregate industry-level sales and employment are also negatively impacted in the countries of the affected subsidiaries.


Objective: To compare the vaginoscopic "no touch" approach to diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy without anesthesia with traditional diagnostic office hysteroscopy after intracervical injection of prilokaine hydrochloride 2% in terms of pain perception and feasibility.
Material and Methods: A total of 92 women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy were included in the study and were randomized, to one of two treatment groups. Forty-eight women underwent hysteroscopy without speculum, tenaculum, or anesthesia. Forty-four women received intracervical anesthesia with 10 mL of 2% prilocaine hydrochloride solution injected at two sites (3:00 and 9:00 positions) and underwent traditional hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy was performed using a rigid 3.7-mm hysteroscope and a medium of 0.9% saline. The image was transmitted to a screen visible to the patient. A visual analog scale (VAS) consisting of a 10-cm line was used to assess the intensity of pain experienced during and after the procedure. Satisfaction was assessed by VAS at three different times during the procedure (Stage I: insertion of speculum, tenaculum placement, intracervical block for the traditional hysteroscopy group and insertion of hysteroscope into the vagina, vaginoscopy for the no touch method, Stage II: passage through internal cervical os, Stage III: observation of the uterine cavity and Stage IV: 15 minutes later, after hysteroscopy).
Results: The mean pain score was significantly lower at Stage I in the no touch group (p0.05).
Conclusion: Patients reported significantly less pain with no touch method at the vaginoscopy compared with patients undergoing the traditional procedure with tenaculum placement and intracervical anesthesia. Both of the methods have had similar pain scores during the rest of the procedures and 15 minutes after the procedure with comparable failure rates. No touch method can therefore be considered as a useful hysteroscopic technique.


Abstract Objective: The main objective of this study was to establish the blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of bar patrons relative to the legal (BAC) limit for Ghana and the international guideline on alcohol consumption. Method: A cross-sectional study design and a convenience sampling technique were used to collect data at selected bars in 2 cities, namely; Bolgatanga and Wa, in northern Ghana. A breathalyzer was used to measure the breath alcohol concentrations of participants exiting bars and face-to-face questionnaires were administered to participants to capture their accident histories, alcohol consumption patterns, and modes of transport they usually use to travel to their next destination after alcohol consumption. Results: The mean BAC of bar patrons was 0.143 ± 0.096% (95% confidence interval, 0.127 to 0.160%). The mean BAC of males (0.156%) was significantly higher than the mean BAC of females (0.103%; p = 0.004). Sixty-two percent of participants were exiting the bars with BACs of more than the legal BAC limit and 44% of this proportion was at 0.150% or more. Fifty-one percent of participants indicated that they usually consume a mixture of alcoholic beverages consisting of homemade and factory-made drinks. Fifty-seven percent of participants who usually consume a mixture of drinks had BACs of 0.150% or above. Only 22% of females and 6% of males consume alcohol within their respective recommended low risk of 1 to 2 units and 1 to 4 units, respectively. A vast majority of participants (96%) reported that they usually engage in risky behaviors such as riding, walking, or driving to their next destination after consuming alcohol. Conclusion: Motorists were more likely to exit the bars with very high BACs. It is recommended that police should enforce the BAC law. In addition, in order to prevent harmful use of alcohol, the introduction of an alcohol consumption guideline in Ghana is recommended. Because alcohol consumption is increasing currently with motorization, it is also necessary to educate alcohol users about the number of drinks required to stay below the legal limit if they are motorists as well as other road users or to prevent long-term illnesses associated with excessive alcohol use.


Background Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) has been indicated as a curative treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was to assess the long-term survival result and analyse risk factors of percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation with Cool-tip in HCC patients. Methods A prospective study involved 105 cirrhotic HCC patients (mean tumour size:32,5±11,3 mm) underwent percutaneous RFA using Cool-tip RF electrode (COOL-TIP E SERRIES,COVIDIEN) at the 108 hospital, from September 2012 to December 2017). The Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic factors. Results The progression-free survival (PFS) was 23.6±1.2 months and the overall survival (OS) was 40.3±0.74 months. The cumulative 1 year, 2 year, 3 year, 4 year survival probability were 98%; 95.2%; 87,3% and 70,1 respectively. The PFS was related to tumour morphology, HCC differentiation BCLC staging. The OS were affected by tumour characteristics, number of tumour, AFP response, and tumour complete response. Pre-treatment elevated AFP, multifocal HCCs, non-response AFP, in-complete tumour necrosis were negative prognostic factors for long-term survival. The OS and survival rates were also related to Child Pugh class and stage of tumour. At multivariate analysis (Cox Survival Analysis) tumour size and liver function (Chil-Pugh class) were independent significant predictors of overall patient survival. Conclusions RFA with Cool-tip electrode is effective for HCC patients; the long-term survival result depends on some prognostic factors before treatment.


Texture is a surface property which is used to identify and recognize the object. Texture analysis is important in many applications of computer image analysis for classification and segmentation of images based on local spatial patterns of intensity or color. In texture classification the goal is to assign an unknown sample image to one set of known texture classes. The proposed method is texture analysis and classification with linear regression model based on directional lifting based wavelet transform. In this method, texture classification is performed by analyzing the spatial correlation between some sample texture images belonging to the same kind of texture at different frequency regions, obtained by 2-D wavelet transform. The linear regression model is employed to analyze this correlation and extract texture features that characterize the samples. Therefore, this method not only considers the frequency regions but also the correlation between the frequency regions. So the classification rate is improved.


Cover crops grown in the period between two main crops have potential as an important component of a system-oriented ecological weed management strategy. In late summer and autumn, the cover crop can suppress growth and seed production of weeds, whereas the incorporation of cover crop residues in spring may reduce or retard weed emergence. Based on these two criteria, six cover crop species were evaluated for their weed suppressive potential in 2 years of experimentation in the Netherlands. Fodder radish, winter oilseed rape and winter rye had the strongest competitive ability in autumn; the competitive strength of Italian ryegrass was intermediate and white lupin and lucerne were poor competitors. Competitiveness was strongly correlated to early light interception. Surprisingly, doubling the recommended sowing density did not increase weed suppressive ability. Although a poor competitor in the fall, after incorporation in spring, lucerne had the strongest inhibitory effect on seedling establishment, followed by winter oilseed rape and white lupin. Winter rye and fodder radish did not affect seedling establishment, whereas Italian ryegrass was not evaluated because of re-growth after incorporation. Competition in autumn and subsequent residue-mediated suppression of weed establishment in spring varied among the cover crop species, with winter oilseed rape offering relatively strong effects during both periods.


Background: The Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS) or Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis is a congenital, nonhereditary rare condition of unknown etiology. The classic pathognomonic features of disease include angioma of the leptomeninges extending to cerebral cortex with ipsilateral angiomatous lesions, unilateral facial nevus usually affecting one division of trigeminal nerve and convulsions. Here, a case of 4 year old male child who presented with congenital skin lesions, convulsions and glaucoma that was diagnosed as type I SWS is being reported.


Recently the ship equipped VecTwin Rudder system is on increase. VecTwin Rudder is provided by two rudders that is the fish-shape section with end-plates. The rudder has eleven typical operation modes. The operation modes can be done by keeping propeller rotating ahead. On a usual voyage the ship is piloted on parallel rudder angle to avoid any confusion in rudder indications. And also The ship has constantly the torque acting on the rudder stocks on a voyage, because the rudder horizontal section is the asymmetric fish-shape.The rudder is very convenient system for use, but the relation between the operation modes and a position of a ship's helm has not been known in detail. And also the relation between the shape of fishlike rudder section and hydrodynamic forces has not been known in detail. In this paper, the authors tries to examine experimentally the relation between the shape of fishlike rudder section and hydrodynamic forces. In addition the authors examine the best possible combination of the rudder angles.And also the authors tries to examine experimentally the validity of the ship handling on parallel rudder angle.


In the experiments on rats (25--experimental rats, 15--the control group) using histological and electron microscopic methods the authors studied the nature of inflammatory response in the mouth cavity mucosa. Inflammatory response had an acellular nature with the predominance of alternative processes.


The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to fundamentally change global value chains (GVC) with increased emphasis on re-shoring and lowering geographic fragmentation. This conclusion is based on the premise that current value chains lack resilience and expose firms to significant risk. In this paper, we use linked export-import data from Bangladesh to provide the first evidence on the performance of GVC's during the pandemic. We show that supply-chain vulnerabilities played a modest role in driving the 33% fall in Bangladesh's exports during the first half of 2020. The export reduction was instead driven by an adverse demand shock in destination countries. We provide two explanations for the modest supply-chain effect: (a) resilience of Chinese exports of intermediate inputs and (b) import diversion away from COVID-impacted countries. Overall, our results suggest that global value chains may not be as fragile as initially feared.


OBJECTIVE
To summarize Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) findings since 2014, focusing on prevalence of radiographic pneumoconiosis and abnormal spirometry by region.

METHODS
Analysis included the most recent CWHSP encounter for working miners during October 1, 2014-June 30, 2022. Central Appalachia consists of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia.

RESULTS
Pneumoconiosis prevalence was highest among underground miners, with 318 (6.2%) having radiographic evidence of disease. Central Appalachian miners were more likely to have evidence of pneumoconiosis (relative risk [RR] = 4.1 [3.4-5.0]) and abnormal spirometry (RR = 1.4 [1.2-1.6]) compared to all others.

CONCLUSION
Central Appalachia is a hotspot for pneumoconiosis, as well as for other indicators of respiratory impairment in coal miners. Outreach for occupational respiratory health surveillance should focus on those areas most heavily affected, ensuring that miners are not hindered by perceived or actual barriers to this secondary intervention.


Anne Van der Woude, in 1954, described a rare autosomal dominant developmental disorder with lower lip pits and cleft lip and palate called Van der Woude syndrome. It is one of the most common syndromic orofacial clefting and accounts for 2% of all cleft cases. We report a case of Van der Woude syndrome in a 6-year old girl with characteristic features of congenital lower lip pits, surgically repaired cleft lip and palate and hypodontia.


Abstract This chapter reviews multichannel broadband measurement of the soft-X-ray radiation and total radiation in magnetically confined fusion plasma experiments. Common detector types used (including bolometers), details of their application, and interpretation of their measurements are described. An introduction is given to the application of computed tomography methods in the mathematical reconstruction of emission profiles from multiple (approximately) line-integral measurements, taking into account the specific circumstances common in magnetically confined fusion plasma experiments. Although the emphasis is on two-dimensional tomography of poloidal cross sections, the applications of Abel inversion, three-dimensional tomography, vector tomography, and other specific methods are briefly discussed. Several examples of the application and the plasma parameters that can be derived are given.


This essay examines the radiophonic body in Beckett's All That Fall. All of Beckett's plays focus on the body, with an intensity unprecedented in the history of the stage. Typically filled with down-and-out characters who exist in a state of lack or negativity, Beckett's theatre explores the defects of man and woman as a spectacle of ruin. This essay endeavours to rethink the body in Beckett's drama in light of his first radio play. Like his earlier work, All That Fall reflects the familiar modernist constants of sterility, paralysis, decay, and death. But unlike anything Beckett had written before, this radio play gives his negativist philosophy an unusual twist, particularly in its representation of female subjectivity. By pushing the acoustic possibilities of radio, Beckett endows his protagonist, Maddy Rooney, with surprising presence. That Beckett should allow one of his characters such fullness of being is unexpected, especially in light of his radical minimalism, and suggests how writing for radio altered, even if only temporarily, the ontological parameters of his theatre.


Metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks that represent the allochthonous Bolkardagi Unit crop out in the Central Taurus Belt. Devonian units include mainly slate, metadolomite, metadolomitic limestone, and metasandstone. Slates with slaty cleavage and chlorite-mica stacks are characterized by phyllosilicate, quartz, calcite, dolomite, feldspar, and goethite. Phyllosilicates consist of 2M1 and lesser amounts of 1M muscovite, IIb chlorite, pyrophyllite, paragonite. PM, C-V, C-S. rectorite, and dickite, and reflect conditions of the low epizone-anchizone. In the Carboniferous-Triassic units, limestone, clayey limestone, dolomitic limestone, marl, shale, and sandstone retaining primary textures are composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz,1Md illite, chlorite, and I-S, and locally smaller quantities of 2M1 muscovite, PM, paragonite, pyrophyllite, and rectorite. In contrast, the Triassic formation is made up of calcite, 1Md illite, I-S, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, C-S, C-V, dolomite, and quartz. Textural and mineralogical data indicate that development of the diagenetic-metamorphic grade in the Central Taurus was related to sedimentary burial and thrusting; moreover, the metasedimentary rocks were metamorphosed in a typical anticlockwise P-T-t pathway in an extensional setting.


Background
The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has been extensively studied; however, there is limited knowledge on the use of LLLT on orthodontic root resorption.

Objective
To investigate the effect of LLLT on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and to compare the difference between pulsed and continuous LLLT on OIIRR.

Trial design
Double-blind, single-centre 3-arm parallel split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

Participants
Twenty adolescent patients who required bilateral maxillary first premolar (MFP) orthodontic extractions were recruited from the Sydney Dental Hospital between October 2014 and December 2014.

Intervention
All MFPs were tipped buccally for 28 days to induce OIIRR. The experimental premolars (n = 20) received LLLT and the control premolars (n = 20) received placebo-laser on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Ten experimental premolars received LLLT via continuous delivery and 10 received pulsed delivery.

Laser parameter
AlGaAs diode laser of 808 nm wavelength, 0.18 W power, 1.6 J per point, and duration of 9s for continuous mode and 4.5 s for pulsed mode.

Outcome
The difference in root resorption crater volume between LLLT and placebo-laser and continuous or pulsed laser delivery after 28 days.

Randomization
Randomization was computer-generated, with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered sealed envelopes.

Blinding
The participants and operator were blinded.

Results
Eighty-eight patients were screened and 20 patients were randomized. Forty premolars were analysed. LLLT resulted in 23 per cent less root resorption compared to the placebo (P = 0.026). Pulsed laser delivery resulted in 5 per cent less root resorption than continuous; however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.823). No harm was observed.

Conclusion
Teeth treated with LLLT had less total root resorption than placebo-laser. Furthermore, there was minimal difference between pulsed or continuous delivery of LLLT.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000829415).

Protocol
The protocol was not published before trial commencement.


Laguna Lake is an economically important resource in the Philippines, with reports of declining water quality due to fecal pollution. Currently, monitoring methods rely on counting fecal indicator bacteria, which does not supply information on potential sources of contamination. In this study, we predicted sources of Escherichia coli in lake stations and tributaries by establishing a fecal source library composed of rep-PCR DNA fingerprints of human, cattle, swine, poultry, and sewage samples (n = 1,408). We also evaluated three statistical methods for predicting fecal contamination sources in surface waters. Random forest (RF) outperformed k-nearest neighbors and discriminant analysis of principal components in terms of average rates of correct classification in two- (84.85%), three- (82.45%), and five-way (74.77%) categorical splits. Overall, RF exhibited the most balanced prediction, which is crucial for disproportionate libraries. Source tracking of environmental isolates (n = 332) revealed the dominance of sewage (47.59%) followed by human sources (29.22%), poultry (12.65%), swine (7.23%), and cattle (3.31%) using RF. This study demonstrates the promising utility of a library-dependent method in augmenting current monitoring systems for source attribution of fecal contamination in Laguna Lake. This is also the first known report of microbial source tracking using rep-PCR conducted in surface waters of the Laguna Lake watershed.


Civilizations created by people constructed basically on three essential elements which are religion, language and music. However music is the common language of the world, it is impossible to consider apart from societies' value judgements and cultural features. Music, which implies harmonies composed by voices, gives important information about habituates of society, value judgements and places. Nevertheless, there is no considerable research about evaluation cities with music. Whereas there are many studies about cities and life experiences of them. In this study, some Turkish Folk Music pieces which include statements about particular cities were examined and it is tried to find the level of their impact on urban image. Survey was conducted in Ankara with 512 participants and music pieces with statements about cities were evaluated with impression about the city. Data gained from the scale is analyzed with SPSS 16 software program and tested with T-Test, Anova, Regression and Correlation Analysis. As a conclusion, it is stated that music has an important place in people's lives and there are significant relationships between music and gender, level of education and places long lived


This study originated from the observation, assessment and interview research with third grade teacher, that there is a class III student sex man with learning difficulties, particularly in materials science with basic competencies identify different properties. This is evidenced by the observation and assessment is done, the child suffered misconceptions in interpreting scientific he idea different, the value of the child in understanding the nature of the material objects do not always reach the KKM. To help the child Constructivist approach that researchers use to build children's early knowledge gained through experience.This research uses experimental approach in the form of Single Subject Research (SSR) with ABA design. As the subject of this study is a child sex man with learning difficulties (x) aged 10 years. Data was collected using a skills assessment tool items, event recording format is to calculate how many questions that can be answered by a child, of the 10 questions were given, on condition baseline, the intervention condition using a constructivist approach, and the baseline condition after not again using a constructivist approach. Analysis of the data shows the long baseline conditions is 6 times the data of observations with children are only able to answer 10% of questions on a particular observation and the observation of other children can not answer a question correctly, for 6 days. Intervention condition was 10 times of observation, the first meeting the child is able to answer questions 30%, down 20% and then continued to increase up to 100%, for 10 days. And the conditions are no longer given intervention After 6 times of observation, the child can answer questions about 70% to increase to 100%, for 6 days. Trend toward decreased baseline data (-), the data trend towards increased intervention (+), and the data baseline after discontinuation intervention also increased (+). Based on data analysis, it is concluded that the effect of the intervention using a constructivism approach is effective in improving the ability of understanding the nature of things for kids learning difficulties.


In this thesis project, a numerical simulation method for fin-and-tube heat exchanger
is developed. All the programs used for any parts of the simulation process
are distributed as open source software. This study focuses on the air side
convective heat transfer simulations. The simulation phases that were developed
are the geometry generation, meshing, solving the fields and post-processing of the
computed data. Two different fin shapes were studied. The first fin shape was one
with available experimental values to compare with and then another fin shape
was selected for its high meshing difficulty. It was found that even though the
plain fin has less vorticity in the flow field it changes heat with a better efficiency
parameter compared to the x-slit fin because of its smaller tube diameter and more
compound design.


This paper presents the results of a calculation of the optical characteristics—the extinction coefficient and refractive index—of a metal–polymer composite of polyparaxylylene–silver in the wavelength range 300–2000 nm for various silver concentrations. An algorithm is described for doing the calculation by means of a specially created program. Using the resulting data, multilayer polymeric interference filters based on a metal–polymer nanocomposite of polyparaxylylene–silver are presented that cut off the UV and visible wavelength ranges.


The authors present a SUSY GUT SO(10) model, in which the strong CP violation can be eliminated via the invisible axion mechanism. The cosmological constant and the domain wall problems are also discussed in some detail.


Proper definition, recognition and classification of chronic gastritis are fundamental for its successful therapy. Gastric inflammation based on clinical/endoscopic classification is not a pathomorphologically homogenous diagnostic group. From histopathological point of view, it seems most likely that chronic gastritis is characterized by morphological indices of chronic inflammatory changes in different parts of gastric mucosa. Chronic superficial gastritis is associated with lymphocyte and plasma cells infiltrate of the foveolar part of gastric mucosa. Chronic gastritis is associated with the inflammatory cell infiltrate predominantly consisting of lymphocyte and plasma cells in total gastric mucosa. Current classification of chronic gastritis and the worldwide accepted knowledge of the natural history of gastritis are combined in the 1994 Houston-updated Sydney System. Helicobacter pylori is by far the most important etiologic factor in chronic gastritis. Helicobacter pylori infection accompanies chronic (or chronic active) and/or superficial (or atrophic) gastritis in about 90% and the process of development of the lesions usually lasts from 20 to 40 years. Chronic gastritis, especially caused by Helicobacter pylori, is accompanied by disturbances in secretion of HCL, pepsinogen as well as gastrin and somatostatin. It has been reported that Helicobacter pylori induces increased apoptosis and hyperproliferation of gastric epithelial cells. These changes (increased apoptosis, hyperproliferation and secretion disturbances) are reduced after Helicobacter pylori eradication. It is worth mentioning that regenerative abilities of gastric mucosa glandular epithelium cells are the main mechanism determining their right functions concerning both integrity of the mucosa and normal function of its all epithelial cellular elements. In chronic atrophic gastritis, a significantly higher percentage of cells in mitotic phase is found as compared to both normal condition and chronic superficial gastritis. Moreover the proliferative activity of glandular epithelial cells is directly proportional to the increasing degree of gastric mucosa atrophy. An increase in proliferative activity of glandular epithelium in gastric mucosa was also observed in chronic, particularly atrophic, gastritis, independently of its etiology. There is strong evidence on possible progression of changes from chronic atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and finally adenocarcinoma. It is worth mentioning that not much attention has been drawn to the importance of the examination of regenerative activity of the gastric mucosa epithelium, neuroendocrine and immune cells for the study of chronic gastritis pathogenesis.


This study explores the link between investments in transportation infrastructure, operationalized in terms of road density, and economic development, defined in terms of gross domestic product per capita (GDP/Cap), in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The findings support the hypothesis of a positive association between the two variables. The association is stronger for paved, than for all, roads in general. Furthermore, a negative but statistically insignificant relationship is observed between unpaved roads and economic development. Thus, economic development is a function more of quality, than quantity or roads in SSA. Therefore, a more judicious use of the scarce resource of sub-Saharan African countries in particular and developing countries in general will entail seeking to improve the quality of the existing inventory of roads as opposed to developing new ones.


Elastic stress concentration (Ktd approach), fracture mechanics, and local strain approaches were evaluated for predicting fatigue crack initiation for a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, commeretally pure copper. 70–30 brass, and Cu-Be alloy 25 Blunt (keyhole) and sharp (V-notched) compact tension specimens were subjected to cyclic loading in ambient laboratory air to produce crack initiation in the range 104 to 106 cycles. The results show that the best initiation model. Ktd approach is based on computed estimates of strain at some distance ahead the notch root. This distance was shown to be inversely related to the material's strength. This model properly described the influence of both material and geometry over the full range of initiation cycles. Ni. Local strain and fracture mechanics models were less sensitive and exhibited greater variability.


We present a theoretical treatment of four-wave mixing (FWM) in a Brillouin-active medium for the case in which the pump waves differ in frequency by approximately twice the Brillouin frequency shift of the medium and in which the probe-wave frequency is approximately the arithmetic mean of the frequencies of the two pump waves. Under these conditions, the conjugate wave produced by the FWM process has the desirable property of being at the same frequency as the probe. We derive the coupled amplitude equations describing this interaction. We solve these equations analytically in the limit of negligible pump depletion and find that large phase conjugate reflectivities are readily achievable. The coupled amplitude equations are solved numerically for the general case, and it is found that large power transfer from the pumps to the output wave is possible. The output wave is shown to be a nearly perfect phase conjugate of the probe wave, even far into the regime where pump depletion effects are important. Our formalism predicts the existence of a parametric instability in the propagation of the pump waves, but good performance is predicted before the onset of this instability.


Most introduced species apparently have little impact on native biodiversity, but the proliferation of human vectors that transport species worldwide increases the probability of a region being affected by high‐impact invaders – i.e. those that cause severe declines in native species populations. Our study determined whether the number of high‐impact invaders can be predicted from the total number of invaders in an area, after controlling for species–area effects. These two variables are positively correlated in a set of 16 invaded freshwater and marine systems from around the world. The relationship is a simple linear function; there is no evidence of synergistic or antagonistic effects of invaders across systems. A similar relationship is found for introduced freshwater fishes across 149 regions. In both data sets, high‐impact invaders comprise approximately 10% of the total number of invaders. Although the mechanism driving this correlation is likely a sampling effect, it is not simply the proportional sampling of a constant number of repeat‐offenders; in most cases, an invader is not reported to have strong impacts on native species in the majority of regions it invades. These findings link vector activity and the negative impacts of introduced species on biodiversity, and thus justify management efforts to reduce invasion rates even where numerous invasions have already occurred.


The authors examine the boundaries of the impact and the "strain lines" of similarities and differences between the main forms of perception and teaching of philosophy in Kiev (by the example of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy) and Moscow (in the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy).


Suction piles are a form of foundation widely adopted in the offshore energy industry. Efforts to enhance the combined Vertical-Horizontal (V-H) performance of piles with the addition of fins, attracted interest from the engineering community in the beginning of the 21st century. Design of this enhancement was surfaced whilst examining foundation solutions for renewable energy projects. Studies to date have primarly considered relatively shallow waters comprising sandy soils, with the behaviour of fin-enhanced piles in very soft to soft clay soils, receiving less attention. The present study emphasis is on typical deep-water deposits of soft clay and attempts to evaluate the impact of varying fin length, shape, orientation and location, on the combined capacity of suction piles by means of three-dimensional finite element analyses. The paper investigates two types of load configuration; in the first instance loading at the pile head and secondly with the load attachment point located at approximately two thirds of the pile embedded length. These two configurations cover different foundation solutions, such as support for subsea infrastructure and anchoring for floating facilities, respectively. Optimum fin-enhanced suction pile configurations are presented for each application, with the results from this study indicating an increase of the load-carrying capacity in V-H space, whilst reducing the overall suction pile size. The efficiency of various configurations is presented with composite plots of increase in holding capacity, plotted against the increase in steel surface area. Preliminary recommendations on fin length, location, shape and orientation for typical suction pile applications are presented with intent to demonstrate the potential for cost savings and reduction in both operational and schedule risk.


This study aims to produce digital-based storytelling teaching materials of natural science that can facilitate the students to be able to explore the object of science learning deeply and to improve their metacognitive ability. This research is development research. The samples used are four teachers and 40 junior high school students. The technique of gathering data employed a testing method, documentation study, and questionnaire. Validation is done to determine the feasibility of teaching materials. The research result of the improvement of students' metacognitive ability is measured by using the testing method in the form of pretest and posttest. Pretest and posttest data were analyzed by N-gain and t-test of significance. The result of the research shows that the average percentage of validation result of media expert and material expert is 97,70% and 95,16%. According to experts, all developed products are very feasible to use. The results of metacognitive enhancement (N-gain) for levels 1 to 5 respectively were 0.36; 0.56; 0.49; 0.45 and 0.39. The results of significance test showed that the t-count 7.65 and t-table of 2.03 which that the mean improvement of the metacognitive ability of students is significant. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the teaching materials based on digital storytelling are feasible to be used to improve students' metacognitive ability.


A distributed, real time, collaborative visualization (DRCV) system for four dimensional datasets like fMRI images, can be a valuable tool to support scientific and medical research. Software applications supporting DRCV are lagging due to complex challenges, such as real time rendering, coordinated, real time navigation, dataset management, data location transparency, heterogeneous node management, data replication policies, and so on. In addition, people using DRCV tools are tightened to computing devices with specific configuration, which lower opportunities for remote visualization collaborations. We present a novel middleware to facilitate development of DRCV applications which guarantee high data availability and scalability in terns of collaborative groups and members, and are adaptable to computing devices with varying display capabilities. We also show our prototype implementation of this middleware with performance measurements.


The first aim of this study was to do an exploratory investigation of dimensions of attitudes toward car and public transport in six Asian countries (Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines). The second aim of the present paper was to find out determinants of the dimensions as well as of the possible differences of attitudes across countries. Attitudes toward car and public transport by 1,118 respondents in six countries were measured by 32 beliefs in form of pairs of opposite adjectives. The results of principle component analysis yielded three factors of attitudes toward car and public transport, namely: Symbolic affective, Instrumental, and Social orderliness. The result of comparison between attitudes toward car and public transport in each country indicated that the contrary between car and public transport may transcend cultures. ANOVA result also revealed that there were great divergences across countries in the all three dimensions of attitudes toward car and public transport.


The Fuko Pass metacumulate is a tectonic block (4.5×1.5 km in size) within the Oeyama peridotite body in the Inner Zone of southwestern Japan. It was metamorphosed under the high-pressure and moderate-temperature condition to form a mineral assemblage hornblende+clinozoisite+kyanite+paragonite+albite+rutile. K-Ar ages were determined on hornblende separates from four epidote amphibolite samples, yielding 443-403 Ma. This suggests a Siluro-Ordovician subduction-related metamorphic event for the Fuko Pass metacumulate, which is distinct from the Late Paleozoic high-P/T type metamorphic events of the Renge metamorphic belt in the Inner Zone of southwestern Japan. The Fuko Pass metacumulate is correlated, in age, with the Early Paleozoic high-P/T type schists (445-402 Ma) of the Kurosegawa klippe in the Outer Zone.


This thesis aims to draw a comparison on Britain and Japan on issues of citizenship and nationality for the former empire subjects. In multi-national state Britain, those of New Commonwealth immigration issue is mainly conceptualised as 'racial' topics, while in nation-state Japan, Koreans and Taiwanese or aliens' issue is mainly conceptualised as legal 'nationality' topics.

The framework is set from the Japanese 'nationality' perspective, in order to point out what are missed in the 'race' framework, in particular, when they are applied to the Japanese context. Discussion of formal rights in Japan is divided in two as rights with regard to residence, and their right for citizenship status. In chapter 2, I discuss that the former is similar to denizenship discussion while the latter is similar to patriality topic.

The methodology section explores what is the best way to conduct a comparison between Britain and Japan on these citizenship and nationality issue, as well as considering what are the main factors in each country to make some impact on public policy of the government. I consider court cases are important tool for minorities in Japan, while in Britain, pressure through the parliament seems much more influential.

The research chapters explore the topics of denizenship and patriality of each country, the British chapters examine the impact of the 1971 Immigration Act, while the Japanese chapters examine the impact of the 1952 San Francisco Peace Treaty and the following circular, and see whether minorities formal rights has been changed after since or not.

The conclusion examines whether the withdrawal from empire had some significant impact of citizenship and nationality legislation as well as the concepts in Britain and Japan. It argues that the impact of the former empire subjects on legislation has been slow and continuous in Britain, while in Japan there was a major change once for all, but the results are continuous. The two concepts are slowly converging in Britain, while in Japan, they are gradually diverging.


The rapid rise of electronic commerce and the latter's increasing intrusion into everyday life has not been matched by an effective governance structure. The present paper proposes an evolving multi-faceted self-governance framework for the regulation of electronic commerce by, for and of the users and service providers of electronic commerce. The idea of "electronic commerce interest group" is proposed and described, together with their interactions. The framework takes into account the policy, ethical and economical aspects of electronic commerce development, and seeks to devise balanced and sensible electronic-commerce governance solutions.


SCC growth studies were performed in high temperature, high purity water on various grades and various conditions of stainless steel. The synergistic effects of corrosion potential, sensitization, cold work (yield strength), temperature and irradiation were evaluated, and their implications to interpreting and modeling SCC in unirradiated and irradiated structures are discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


In-Situ Combustion (ISC) thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods are aimed at increasing the oil recoveries of heavy oil reserves that are expected to play an instrumental role in near future in meeting the world's energy demand. The complex multiphase heat and reactive mass transport necessitate a clear understanding of thermal and kinetic models used in modeling of ISC process. A finite difference based numerical analysis is carried out on heat loss and selective productions of light oil components during ISC, which showed a significant effect on peak temperature, thermal front propagation and the corresponding production rates dictating the performance of ISC process.


BACE1 cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β‐cleavage site (Met671–Asp672) to initiate the generation of amyloid peptide Aβ. BACE1 is also known to cleave APP at a much less well‐characterized β′‐cleavage site (Tyr681–Glu682). We describe here the identification of a novel APP mutation E682K located at this β′‐site in an early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) case. Functional analysis revealed that this E682K mutation blocked the β′‐site and shifted cleavage of APP to the β‐site, causing increased Aβ production. This work demonstrates the functional importance of APP processing at the β′‐site and shows how disruption of the balance between β‐ and β′‐site cleavage may enhance the amyloidogenic processing and consequentially risk for AD. Increasing exon‐ and exome‐based sequencing efforts will identify many more putative pathogenic mutations without conclusive segregation‐based evidence in a single family. Our study shows how functional analysis of such mutations allows to determine the potential pathogenic nature of these mutations. We propose to classify the E682K mutation as probable pathogenic awaiting further independent confirmation of its association with AD in other patients.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thermal ablation is one of the major treatment methods for liver cancer. Tumor location close to the diaphragm or gastrointestinal tract was regarded as the treatment contraindication before due to poor visibility of the tumor or increased risk of thermal injury to the adjacent organs. This study used artificial pleural effusion or ascites to extend the indications of thermal ablation for liver cancer.

METHODS
Artificial pleural effusion (20 cases) or ascites (36 cases) was performed in 56 difficult cases of percutaneous thermal ablation for liver tumors. The technical success rates, the rate of approaching the procedure goal, complications, and local treatment response were assessed.

RESULTS
The technical success rates were 95% (19/20) for artificial pleural effusion and 100% (36/36) for artificial ascites, the achieve purpose rates were 100% (19/19) and 91.7% (33/36), the complete ablation rates were 84.2% (16/19) and 93.9% (31/33), respectively. Coughing, transient hematuria, and subcutaneous effusion were observed in 3 patients after the procedure of artificial pleural effusion, and hydrothorax in the right chest occurred in 1 patient during the artificial ascites process.

CONCLUSIONS
Thermal ablation with the use of artificial pleural effusion or ascites is a safe and effective treatment for liver tumors, and the technique can widen the indications of thermal ablation for liver tumors.


Intra-tumour heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of all cancers. In some cases, such variation can be maintained by interactions between tumour subclones with distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. In paediatric gliomas, interactions can take the form of enhanced invasive phenotype, a hallmark of these malignancies. However, subclonal interactions are hard to quantify and difficult to distinguish from spatial confounding factors and experimental bias. Here we combine spatial computational modelling of cellular interactions and invasion, with co-evolution experiments of clonally disassembled primary glioma lines derived at autopsy. We design a Bayesian inference framework to quantify spatial subclonal interactions between molecular and phenotypically distinct lineages with different patterns of invasion. We show how this approach could discriminate genuine subclonal interactions where one clone enhanced the invasive phenotype of another, from apparent interactions that were only due to the complex dynamics of subclones growing in space. This study provides a new approach for the identification and quantification of spatial subclonal interactions in cancer.


The Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model for a two-dimensional topological insulator, insulator with conducting edges, is modified. In particular, we introduce a coupling between opposite spins that preserves the model's time reversal invariance. We derive the wave function and the existence conditions for the edge states. With these conditions and tight-binding calculations, we show that that the edge states are robust when the coupling is weak and lesser than the material parameter characterizing the spin-orbit coupling.


Rai's recent editorial in Anaesthesia [1] acknowledges the utility of bougies for videolaryngoscopic intubations. We would like to describe a further method of introducing the bougie. During a recent training day on airway management, we noticed that the smallest available Airtraq (Infant Airtraq, Prodol Meditec S.A., Vizcaya, Spain) permitted good glottic views on the adult mannequin (AirSim Advance, Trucorp, Dublin, Ireland). Though too small to place a tube larger than 3.5 mm ID, it is possible to introduce an adult bougie (14 Fr Frova Intubating Introducer, Cook Medical, Bloomington, USA) into the glottic opening, remove the Infant Airtraq, and then railroad a normal adult sized tube into position. The narrow guiding channel aides anterior steering of the bougie toward the glottis when compared with the larger models (Fig. 2). It struck us that this technique could be very useful in adult patients with poor mouth opening and difficult direct laryngoscopy, as an alternative to fibreoptic intubation. As measured with a transluscent millimetre-marked ruler (Helix, Kingswinford, UK), the antero-posterior thickness of the Infant Airtraq blade is 11 mm. This compares favourably with adult videolaryngoscopes: Adult Airtraq blade 17 mm; Pentax-AWS blade (Pentax, Hamburg, Germany) 18 mm; King Vision #3 channeled blade (King Systems, Noblesville, USA) 18 mm; CMAC D blade (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) 17 mm (Fig. 2). Single-use plastic bougies are easier to pass through the channel of the Infant Airtraq than are gum-elastic bougies. The main drawback we foresee may be difficulty in advancing the 'scope due to the tighter curvature of the blade compared with adult videolaryngoscopes.


The research on distributed intrusion detection system (DIDS) is a rapidly growing area of interest because the existence of centralized intrusion detection system (IDS) is increasingly unfit for the current network circumstance. So we have designed a distributed intrusion detection system prototype, based on mobile agents. Our agents travel between systems in a network, obtain information, analyze and deal with correlative information and send alarm to the manager or user of the DIDS. Since the mobility of the intrusion detection component, the system security and flexibility have been greatly improved, and also the defense capacity of the system is increased.


Introduction by Albert P. Vannucci The Ambassador Simpatico: Dwight Morrow in Mexico by Richard Melzer In Defense of Hegemony: Sumner Welles and the Cuban Revolution of 1933 by Louis Perez Elected by Providence: Spruille Braden in Argentina in 1945 by Albert P. Vannucci Adolf Berle in Brazil: 1945-46 by C. Neale Ronning Lincoln Gordon and Brazil's Military Counterrevolution by Jan Knippers Black In the Years of Salvador Allende by Nathaniel Davis Ambassadors in Foreign Policy by C. Neale Ronning & Albert P. Vannucci Bibliography. Index. About the Editors and Contributors


The interaction of the surface wave fields on a single-wire transmission line with an anisotropic plasma is treated. An equation relating the electron number density in the plasma to the frequency shift of a single-wire coupled active microwave system is derived. The equation shows that there is a linear relationship between the number density and frequency shift, and that the magnetic field effect is cut in half relative to the normal k¿¿B¿0¿¿ wave mode case. Preliminary experimental results are presented.


Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and devastating type of primary brain tumor, being considered the deadliest of human cancers. In this context, extensive efforts have been undertaken to develop new drugs that exhibit both antiproliferation and antimetastasis effects on GBM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) scaffold has been found in compounds able to inhibit important biological targets associated with cancer, which includes DNA topoisomerase, Hsp90 and monoamine oxidase. Among potential antineoplastic 1,4-NQs is the plant-derived lapachol (2-hydroxy-3-prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) that was found to be active against the Walker-256 carcinoma and Yoshida sarcoma. In the present study, we examined the effect of polyamine (PA)-conjugated derivatives of lapachol, nor-lapachol and lawsone on the growth and invasion of the human GBM cells. The conjugation with PA (a spermidine analog) resulted in dose-dependent and time-dependent increase of cytotoxicity of the 1,4-NQs. In addition, in-vitro inhibition of GBM cell invasion by lapachol was increased upon PA conjugation. Previous biochemical experiments indicated that these PA-1,4-NQs are capable of inhibiting DNA human topoisomerase II-&agr; (topo2&agr;), a major enzyme involved in maintaining DNA topology. Herein, we applied molecular docking to investigate the binding of PA-1,4-NQs to the ATPase site of topo2&agr;. The most active molecules preferentially bind at the ATP-binding site of topo2&agr;, which is energetically favored by the conjugation with PA. Taken together, these findings suggested that the PA-1,4-NQ conjugates might represent potential molecules in the development of new drugs in chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors.


The substitution of Ca for a part or all of Pb in Cu-Sn-Zn alloys of 88-8-4 type was carried out in order to decrease solidification defects. The relation between cooling rate and segregation of alloying elements or solidification defects was investigated using steps shaped ingots. Finer dendrite structure was obtained due to decrease in the diffusion coefficient and mass transfer of Sn or Zn in the Cu-liquid for Ca addition alloys. The concentration of Ca and the amount of the micro shrinkage cavity in each step was almost constant in Ca added alloys. The same segregation course in the solidification path showed in both 88-8-4-Pb (CAC402) and 88-8-4-Pb-Ca alloys. In Ca added alloys, the enrichment of Sn in the residual liquid and decrease in final solidification temperature were suppressed by expenditure of Sn due to formation of the compounds consisting of Sn and Ca at higher temperatures compared with the melting point of Pb, which resulted in the decrease of the micro shrinkage cavity. Hardness of Ca containing alloys was higher than that of Ca free alloys. The tensile properties were improved by addition of 0.25 mass% Ca, because of the decrease in micro shrinkage.


A case of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach in a 72-year-old male is reported. Epidermoid carcinomas of the stomach without a glandular cell component is a rare tumor, described in only 22 patients since 1905. It occurs mostly in males, with a male to female ratio of 5:1, affects a slightly younger age group as compared to adenocarcinoma, and has a predilection for the proximal stomach, especially along the lesser curvature. Squamous metaplasia resulting from injury to the gastric mucosa appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is probably less favorable than that of adenocarcinoma due to its higher frequency of lymphovascular invasion.


Residual effect of phosphorus on the growth, yield and economics of succeeding greengram to cotton hybrids was stuched in imgated cotton-greengram sequence. Results indicated that higher drymatter production and higher grain yield were obtained from greengram when greengram was grown after the harvest of hybrid cotton (TCHB 213) when cotton was applied with mussoorie rockphosphate [(MRP) (100% PP, requirementll enriched with FYM + phosphobacteria application + application of 100 per cent recommended phosphorus to greengram as single superphosphate (SSP). However, higher benefit: cost ratio was observed when greengram was grown after the harvest of hybrid cotton, when cotton was manured with 100 per cent PZ0 5 requirement through MRP enriched with FYM + phosphobaeteria + 50 per cent PzOs requirement through SSP to greengram.


This paper considers output feedback control of linear discrete-time systems with convex state and input constraints which are subject to bounded state disturbances and output measurement errors. We show that the non-convex problem of finding a constraint admissible affine output feedback policy over a finite horizon, to be used in conjunction with a fixed linear state observer, can be converted to an equivalent convex problem. When used in the design of a time-varying robust receding horizon control law, we derive conditions under which the resulting closed-loop system is guaranteed to satisfy the system constraints for all time, given an initial state estimate and bound on the state estimation error. When the state estimation error bound matches the minimal robust positively invariant (mRPI) set for the system error dynamics, we show that this control law is time-invariant, but its calculation generally requires solution of an infinite-dimensional optimization problem. Finally, using an invariant outer approximation to the mRPI error set, we develop a time-invariant control law that can be computed by solving a finite-dimensional tractable optimization problem at each time step that guarantees that the closed-loop system satisfies the constraints for all time.


Climate change threatening the word food security including fisheries production. The current study aimed to find the relationship between different climatic variables and fish production by generating spatial maps. The climatic parameters data viz., mean maximum temperature; mean minimum temperature; total rainfall, and mean wind speed were plotted in GIS (Geographical Information System) platform and thematic mapping of it's for all the districts of Maharashtra for the year 1975 and 2017 on quarter basis was done using QGIS 3.6.1. The thematic maps of the percentage change in parameters of all the quarters of the year 2017 and 1975 were done for all the zone of Maharashtra. In addition, the thematic maps of the percentage change in parameters along with fish production of all the quarters of the year 2017–18 for the year 2012 were done for all the zone. The sensitivity analysis of climatic parameters with inland fish production for Maharashtra state and all the seven zones were done using GAM (Generalized Additive Model). The mean maximum temperature (MMAX) and total monthly rainfall (TMRF) were found to the most significant factors in the prediction of inland fish production. The average increase in MMAX during the 2nd and 3rd quarters (April to September) was less than the average increase in MMAX during the 1st and 4th quarters, whereas, in case of rainfall an average decrease was estimated during the 2nd and 3rd quarter. The current study found that Nagpur and Pune were the two highest fish-producing regions, and Konkan and Aurangabad were the two least productive regions.


This study applied the network text analysis to reveal the scope and trends of low cost carrier studies. We analyzed low cost carrier research published in Korean journals and news articles. The results showed that there are three clusters in terms of research topics. First dimension consists of articles investigating growth in the low cost carrier industry. The second dimension is associated with service characteristics. The last dimension has strong ties organizational and human resource dimension. We run Krkwic, Krtitle, Netdraw, and Ucinet 6.0 to conduct the network text analysis. This study suggests the direction of low cost carrier research in the future.


Polarimetric Imaging is an emerging technique that uses polarized light to probe the physical and physiological properties of tissues. Polarization Ellipsometric techniques are utilized to understand the variation of polarization properties of light through sample tissue. The obtained optical signature matrix helps clinicians understand and assess the tissue properties and provide knowledge about the functioning of the tissue. In our work tissues collected from pathology lab of Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad, India is used for recognizing the signature matrix of the tissue. Conditions to obtain a recognizable Mueller Matrix with rotating optics are addressed and are used to understand the polarization variation in the tissue through a novel pixel by pixel analysis technique and via the normalized signature matrix of the tissue.


This paper reports the progress of development for coated conductors on metal tapes by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) process. It was found that the reaction between the liquid and metal tape can be prevented by the combination of MgO buffer layer and MgO-saturated liquid. Through the solubility measurements and the growth experiments, the suitable construction for coated conductor by LPE process was developed.


This research aims to understand the vision and the reaction of the population towards tourism and holidays during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates the tourist needs of the Algerian population after the closure of international borders. Methods: The data were collected using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods through a questionnaire applied to 203 people in different regions of Algeria (a North African country) from 1 June to 13 July 2020. Results: The needs of Algerian tourists were characterized by a great need for leisure to relieve psychological stress caused by COVID-19 (M = 25.33) among the study sample (p < 0.05). The results also show an average need to rationalize the costs of tourist services (M = 5.26) according to the respondents (p < 0.01). This is in addition to the great need (M = 7.75) among respondents (p < 0.05) of the awareness that the tourism sector can contribute to the economic recovery in Algeria after the confinement period. About 75.86% of respondents requested the cleanliness of tourist sites, while 69.95% recommended improving safety because of the size of tourist sites in the Algerian territory as well as measures related to social distancing. The results show that 53.69% of respondents preferred the month of August to go on vacation, 29.06% chose the month of September, and 17.25% would prefer the months of October, November, and December since they expected a reduction in the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism needs of the Algerian population, which has become increasingly aware of the consequences of the pandemic in relation to their health and in relation to the country's economy. These results can help the authorities of the tourism sector to better understand and identify the tourism needs of this population in the current period and after the COVID-19 pandemic.


Atomized dielectric-based electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an emerging technology in which the dielectric between the electrodes is supplied in the form of a thin film using a spray atomizer. This novel machining process uses significantly less quantities of dielectric compared to the conventional EDM while resulting in higher material removal rates and better debris flushing. This paper presents a model-based investigation of the atomized dielectric-based EDM to study the effect of the dielectric film flow on material removal. A melt-pool formation and material removal model is developed to predict the material removal in terms of crater shapes during a single EDM discharge. The atomization spray parameters are varied in order to produce different dielectric film velocities. The model accurately captures the asymmetry in crater shapes caused by the dielectric film flow and predicts the crater diameter and depth, however, the model overestimates the crater sizes observed in experiments.


Massive left perirenal haemorrhage due to rupture of the kidney with intrarenal calculi has not been previously described and in this case is thought to have been due to erosion of small vessels by intraparenchymal calculi aggravated by oedema and ischaemia caused by associated acute obstructive uropathy.


The authors report the results of a survey on the possible role of human Mycobacterium in the ganglio-pulmonary tuberculosis of bovines. 232 bovines seized in the abattoirs of Algiers over a period of 8 months were concerned by this work. The results obtained showed that microscopic examination was negative in 50% of cases. This result was expected as ganglionary lesions are paucibacillary. Cultures were also negative in 50% of cases, 25% of them were contaminated. 50% rate of positive cultures was obtained when Loewenstein-Jensen medium with 1% pyruvate was used. Morphological and biochemical identification showed that out of 113 strains, 7 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (6.2%). In seems therefore that Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human pathogen, is also pathogenic for bovines. Its frequent occurrence could be explained by the high prevalence of human tuberculosis in Algeria.


The Montenegro skin test is widely used as a diagnostic method for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). However, there is little information about the histological changes that occur after administration of the antigen, especially in dogs. Two intradermal reactions were used in mongrel dogs during a clinical and epidemiological study as a diagnostic method for canine cutaneous leishmaniasis at Virginópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Leishvacin and P10,000G were used as antigens. The inflammatory reaction was more intense and diffuse in dogs tested with P10,000G than Leishvacin.


AIM
To modify the structure of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

METHODS
Using hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus to perform biotransformation of DHEA, using chromatographic and spectral techniques to isolate and identify the products.

RESULTS
(1) The MS medium without plant hormone was suitable for the growth of the hairy root. (2) DHEA was converted into five products: androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione (I); 6alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (II); 6alpha, 17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (III); androst-4-ene-3, 6, 17-trione (IV) and 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (V).

CONCLUSION
It is the first time to use hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus for the biotransformation of DHEA and five DHEA-related compounds were obtained.


The publishing of research has implications for the evaluation of research careers, research departments, and funding for research projects. Researchers' academic evaluation relies heavily on the status of the journals in which they publish. The inclusion of one's work in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) is often used as an indicator of academic quality. This is unfortunate for many environmental researchers, as their journals are not represented in the SCI and SSCI. Two investigations were carried out to determine the reasons for this. The first investigation identified 352 existing environmental academic journals, classified into seven categories (and several subcategories). Of these, two categories were not represented in the SCI or SSCI: environmental systems analysis journals and corporate environmental management journals. The second survey investigated the publishing patterns of interdisciplinary research groups and the characteristics of the journals in which they publish. In spite of acceptable citation levels, interdisciplinary environmental journals are excluded from the SCI and SSCI. A major reason seems to be that citations of their articles are uncounted by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), the organization producing the SCI and SSCI, because citations mostly take place in a group of journals completely unrepresented in ISI's database.


Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with prominent psychiatric symptoms. Patients usually present with acute behavioral change, psychosis, catatonic symptoms, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. We present a case of a 13-year old who presented with noticeably chirpiness, excessive talking with unknown people and wandering around the neighborhood without purpose.The main symptoms of the patient and the important clinical findings were irrelevant talking which later developed into slurring of speech, abnormal movements and memory loss.This case is an example of how easily we are misled towards diagnosis based on the present symptoms. The patient suffered the unnecessary stigma of a psychiatric illness, which might stay imprinted on her for a long time. In this report we call for attention to the inclusion of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of acute psychosis. It adds on to show that NMDAR might present in the most unexpected and unpredictable ways, sometimes misleading the patient away from medical help.Prompt diagnosis is critical as early immunotherapy and tumor removal could dramatically affect outcomes.


The early times.- The BATSE decade.- BeppoSAX and the afterglow era.- HETE-2 and Swift.- Gamma-ray bursts-fireballs and blastwaves.- Gamma-ray burst afterglows.- Early afterglows: the Swift revolution.- Progenitors.- Perspectives in gamma-ray burst science.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

METHODS
Data on 2463 patients were collected from 87 European centers and recorded in a central database. Preoperative data were compared for patients with collateral retrograde perfusion (type II) endoleak (group A), patients with device-related (type I and III) endoleaks (group B), and patients in whom no endoleak was detected (group C). Only endoleaks observed after the first postoperative month of follow-up were taken into consideration. Regression analysis was performed to investigate statistical relationships between the occurrence and type of endoleak and preoperative patient and morphologic characteristics, operative details, type of device, and experience of the operating team. In addition, postoperative changes in aneurysmal morphology, the need for secondary interventions, conversions to open repair, aneurysmal rupture, and mortality during follow-up were compared between these study groups.

RESULTS
Patients in group A had a higher prevalence of a patent inferior mesenteric artery compared with patients without endoleak. Patients in group B were treated more frequently than patients in group C by an operating team with experience of less than 30 procedures. The mean follow-up period was 15.4 months. Secondary interventions were needed in 13% of the patients. Rupture of the aneurysm during follow-up occurred in 0.52% (1/191) in group A, 3.37% (10/297) in group B, and 0.25% (5/1975) in group C. Life table analysis comparing the three study groups demonstrated a significantly higher rate of rupture in group B than in group C (P =.002). The incidence of conversion to open repair during follow-up was higher in group B than in the other two study groups (P <.01). Death was related to the aneurysm or to endovascular repair of the aneurysm in 7% of patients. Secondary outcome success, defined as absence of rupture and conversion, was significantly higher in group A and C compared with that in group B (P =.006 and P =.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of device-related endoleaks correlated with a higher risk of aneurysmal rupture and conversion compared with patients without type I or III endoleaks. Type II endoleak was not associated more often with these events. Consequently, intervention in type II endoleak should only be performed in case of increase of aneurysm size.


Summary form only given. This paper presents the development of a probabilistic benchmark for assessing the impacts of the uncontrolled charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on residential distribution networks. Unlike previous research, which adopted several assumptions and approximations, this paper analyzes available load and transportation data to extract probability distribution functions describing different uncertainties characterizing the charging process. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is utilized to handle these uncertainties and to predict the anticipated impacts of PHEVs on a representative test network. Finally, conclusions are drawn to assist utilities in integrating PHEVs into their networks.


At a certain level of stimulation of the enzymatic secretions of the pancreas utilizing duodenal hormones and caerulein in normal subjects, the hourly urinary amylase output increases beyond normal values. Under these conditions, the so-called evocative pancreatic function test becomes unusable for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in the early stages.


Myositis ossificans traumatica is a pathological condition characterized by extraskeletal bone formation, induced by major or repeated minor trauma to the muscles. Our objective is to report an unusual case of myositis ossificans traumatica in a paraplegic patient. Bilateral swelling and erythema on the thighs of a 1-month paraplegic inpatient was diagnosed as myositis ossificans traumatica in the quadriceps muscles due to low-molecular-weight heparin injections for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. As a result, repeated injections under the spinal cord injury level should be avoided when possible because of the risk of myositis ossificans traumatica.


With the increasing user base of Android devices and advent of technologies such as Internet Banking, delicate user data is prone to be misused by malware and spyware applications. As the app developer community increases, the quality reassurance could not be justified for every application and a possibility of data leakage arises. In this research, with the aim to ensure the application authenticity, Deep Learning methods and Taint Analysis are deployed on the applications. The detection system named DroidMark looks for possible sinks and sources of data leakage in the application by modelling Android lifecycle and callbacks, which is done by Reverse Engineering the APK, further monitoring the suspected processes and collecting data in different states of the application. DroidMark is thus designed to extract features from the applications which are fed to a trained Bayesian Network for classification of Malicious and Regular applications. The results indicate a high accuracy of 96.87% and an error rate of 3.13% in the detection of Malware in Android devices.


Background: It is unclear which the material is a better choice for post and core rehabilitation systems in endodontically treated teeth. This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of three different postcore systems. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 33 extracted premolars were treated endodontically and divided into three groups, namely (A) the prefabricated fiberglass postcomposite core, (B) the Ni-Cr cast postcore, and (C) the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) postcore groups. After postcementation, the core was restored with Ni-Cr crown. By a universal testing machine, the fracture resistance of the posts was assessed. Furthermore, types of fractures were determined with radiography and confirmed objectively by cutting the acryl resin boxes. The data of the fracture resistance were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, and the data of the fracture pattern were analyzed using Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). Results: The fracture resistance was significantly higher in Group B (Ni-Cr) than in Group C (PEEK) (P = 0.001) and Group A (fiberglass) (P < 0.001). Moreover, the fracture resistance was higher in Group C (PEEK) than in Group A (fiberglass) but was not statistically significant (P = 0.405). The fracture pattern was different in all the groups based on the types of fracture (P = 0.009) and the repairability of fracture (P = 0.036). Conclusion: The present study showed that the fracture resistance was significantly higher in the Ni-Cr post than in the fiberglass and PEEK posts. Further, the fracture mode was more repairable in teeth restored with the PEEK post, as compared to the other posts.


The electronic energy levels and charge distribution associated with kink (K) and kink-antikink (K-K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}) defects in polyacetylene have been calculated with use of the first-principles local-density-functional theory. Finite-chain models with up to 40 carbon atoms were studied, in a self-consistent-field molecular-orbital approach. For the kink defect on trans-polyacetylene (PA), a half-filled midgap level was found, which corresponds to a neutral soliton having spin (1/2. Its formation energy was found to be 0.51 eV. Two defect levels were found for kink-antikink pair constructed on both the trans- and cis-PA chains. In the trans case, the formation energy is about 1.1 eV, which remains almost constant with increasing separation between K and K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}. The formation energy in the cis case increases monotonically with increasing separation and ranges from 0.3 eV for two intervening C atoms to 1.5 eV for 18 C atoms between K and K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}.


Size and shape of sperm cells vary tremendously throughout the animal kingdom. The adaptive significance of this variation is not fully understood. In addition to sperm-female interactions and the environmental conditions, the risk of sperm competition might affect number, morphology and other "quality" traits of sperm. In the male-diphenic ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, winged sneaker males have limited sperm number, because their testes degenerate shortly after adult emergence, as is typical for males of social Hymenoptera. In contrast, wingless fighter males continuously replenish their sperm supply due to their exceptional lifelong spermatogenesis. While winged males usually have to compete with several other winged males for virgin queens, wingless males are able to monopolize queens by killing all other rivals. Hence, this presents a unique system to investigate how alternative reproductive tactics and associated physiology affect sperm morphology and viability. We found that sperm-limited males invest into sperm number instead of sperm size. Variance in sperm length is smaller in winged males, probably reflecting that they have to compete with several other males. Finally, sperm viability is equally high in both male phenotypes.


Summary 1.Malignant tumors were induced in rodents by subcutaneously imbedding the following polymer films: Cellophane, Dacron, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Silastic, Pliofilm, Nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, Saran, Ivalon, Kel-F, Teflon, and silk. 2.The polymer films were always found encpsulated in a pocket of connective tissue, except when a tumor was induced. 3.It does not appear that the carcinogenic activity is a result of the presence of impurities, since tumors were induced by pure polymers as well as by commercial products. 4.The monomers, styrene, methyl methacrylate, and hexamethylene diamine, were not carcinogenic in rodents when painted on the skin. 5.Studies with tagged polymers showed that they decomposed at a minute rate when left in the organism. 6.A possible mechanism by which polymers may exert their carcinogenic activity, based on the observed degradation, is suggested.


Based Image Retrieval is an interesting and most emerging field in the area of "Image Search", finding similar images for the given query image from the image database. Current approaches include the use of color, texture and shape information. Considering these features in individual, most of the retrievals are poor in results and sometimes we are getting some non relevant images for the given query image. So, this dissertation proposes a method in which combination of color and texture features of the image is used to improve the retrieval results in terms of its accuracy. For color, color histogram based color correlogram technique and for texture wavelet decomposition technique is used. Color and texture based image retrieval computes image features automatically from a given query image and these are used to retrieve images from database


Most existing methods adopt the quadrilateral or rotated rectangle representation to detect multi-oriented objects. Yet, the same oriented object may correspond to several different representations, due to different vertex ordering, or angular periodicity and edge exchangeability. To ensure the uniqueness of the representation, some engineered rules are usually added. This makes these methods suffer from discontinuity problem, resulting in degraded performance for objects around some orientation. In this article, we propose to encode the multi-oriented object with double horizontal rectangles (DHRec) to solve the discontinuity problem. Specifically, for an oriented object, we arrange the horizontal and vertical coordinates of its four vertices in left-right and top-down order, respectively. The first (resp. second) horizontal box is given by two diagonal points with smallest (resp. second) and third (resp. largest) coordinates in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. We then regress three factors given by area ratios between different regions, helping to guide the oriented object decoding from the predicted DHRec. Inherited from the uniqueness of horizontal rectangle representation, the proposed method is free of discontinuity issue, and can accurately detect objects of arbitrary orientation. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the existing baseline representation, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/lightbillow/DHRec.


Aims: To describe postoperative external dacryocystorhinostomy complications at the military hospitals of Jordan.
Method: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgical external dacryocystorhinostomy for congenital or acquired naso-lacrimal duct obstruction between September 2010 and February 2013 at military hospitals of Jordan and developed postoperative complications was conducted. The following data were extracted: age, gender, indication for surgery, site of surgery, complications, follow-up duration.
Results: Postoperative external dacryocystorhinostomy complications were encountered in 36(18.3%) patients out of 197 patients who had external DCR, 5(13.9%) males and 31(86.1%) females with a male to female ratio of 1:6. The mean age was 38 years with a range of 5-70 years. Recurrent epiphora (sump syndrome) was seen in 3(8.3%) Patients, primary epistaxis in 1(2.8%) patients, cosmetically unacceptable scar in 8(22.2%) patients, wound dehiscence in 1(2.8%) patients, transient lagophthalmos in 8(22.2%) patients, transient orbicularis hypotony in 10(27.8%) patients, cheese- wiring in 7(19.4%) patients, extruded silicone tube in 2(5.6%) patients, infection in 3(8.3%), bowstring skin fold in 2(5.6%), and retained cotton ball in the wound in1(2.8%). The mean follow up period was 4.2 months (range 3- 6 months).
Conclusion: postoperative external dacryocystorhinostomy were common, and some of these complications were underestimated before because of the spontaneous resolution. Recurrent epiphora was relatively rare and this may be due to the big osteotomy size that we adopt in our surgery. Other complications could be avoided by special attention to wound closure.


With this article, we would like to introduce, starting from the inaugural issue of the Aorta journal, our special feature, "Ask the Editors." In this feature, the readers have the opportunity to ask questions of the editors in any of the topic categories of the journal. One or several editors will reply, presenting their expert opinions. This is an opportunity to get detailed answers to difficult questions; questions will be selected to be of general interest to readers of Aorta.

For the first issue the question is:

How do you manage the diaphragm during open thoracoabdominal interventions on the aorta?

Radial incision (Fig. 1)

Figure 1.

Radial incision of the diaphragm.

Circumferential incision (Fig. 2)

Figure 2.

Circumferential incision of the diaphragm.

No incision, enlargement of the hiatus without disturbing the diaphragm

We asked two renowned experts in the field to respond to this question and share their extensive experience with the readers.

Professor Michael Jacobs
(Chairman, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands)

I routinely make a limited circumferential incision (response B) of 8–10 cm to allow opening and exposure of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. In addition, I open the hiatus and put a sling around the remaining part of the diaphragm. This sling can be pulled up and aside to expose the aorta from all directions. The majority of the diaphragm remains intact.

Professor Anthony L. Estrera
(Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA)

I manage the diaphragm during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with an incomplete circumferential incision (B). The incision length is based on how much exposure is required. This incision was adopted based on work performed by our group in 1999. (Engle J, Safi HJ, Miller CC 3rd, Campbell MP, Harlin SA, Letsou GV, Lloyd MD KS, Root DB: The impact of diaphragm management on prolonged ventilator support after thoracoabdominal aortic repair. J Vasc Surg. 1999 Jan;29(1):150–156.) This demonstrated improved pulmonary outcomes with the incomplete circumferential incision.

We encourage the readers to submit their questions to the editors of Aorta. We will ask an expert in the field to provide a response and publish it in a subsequent issue.

Comment on this Article or Ask a Question


The thesis entitled The Inner and Outer World Experiences Realized in
Princess Diana Biography has two objectives: explaining the experiential meaning
and identifying the field of the discourse of the biography in Princes Diana's
Biography.
This data are analyzed and construed on the basic of Butt's theory. The
findings are as follows:
Diana's biography consists of 82 clause complexes which can be segmented into 173
clauses. The biography mainly uses material processes (119 clauses/ 74,3%). Besides
the material processes, this biography also uses behavioural processes in 2 clauses
(1,2%),mental processes in 4 clauses (2,4%), verbal process in 5 clauses (3,8%),
relational processes in 29 clauses (18%) and existential process in 1 clause (0,6%).
Related with the processes, the researcher found the participants employed in Diana's
biography. They are actors in 111 clauses (73,5%), behavers in 2 clauses (1,3%),
sensers in 3 clauses (2%), sayers in 5 clauses (3,3%), carriers in 16 clauses (10,6%),
tokens in 13 clauses (8,6%) and existent in 1 clause (0,7%)
This may mean that the experiential domain is Diana's life stories from her
childhood in her royal family, her education, engagement, marriage until her death. It
can be seen from the most material processes employed in Diana's Biography. The
short term goal is to remind and inspire everyone with her social life and her charity
projects such as providing charity to children, helping AIDS suffers, carrying minor
society and others. ―Diana‖ never dies, not only in Wales, but around the world. The
long term goal of the Diana's Biography is Diana's social life. Diana's charity
projects implies that a Princess with her royal family and life, was committed to take
care the minor society, did not differentiate between the rich from the poor, a noble
from citizenry. She thought that rank of society doesn't matter for helping other
people.


The evolution of one- and two-dimensional surface gratings during maskless thermal Cl2 etching of GaAs is investigated using atomic force microscopy. It is found that the limiting factor for pattern transfer is the anisotropy of the etch rate with respect to crystal orientation. A simple numerical model based on an interpolation of measured etch rates is presented that can be used to calculate the evolution of surface patterns.


First branchial cleft anomalies usually come to the clinician's attention because of an external opening or recurrent infections. For the safe and complete resection, a thorough understanding of the interrelationship of the anomaly to the facial nerve and identification of the facial nerve at the operative field is required. The risk of facial nerve injury increases in patients who have had multiple infections or surgical procedures. We present detailed figures demonstrating the relationship of the branchial cleft cysts to the facial nerve and emphasize that successful total resection without complications require exposure of the lesion's relationships to the facial nerve. doi:10.4021/jcs9w


The authors present a case series demonstrating the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) findings of Haab striae in three patients with congenital glaucoma. The use of AS-OCT in the assessment of Haab striae in pediatric glaucoma is novel, previously undescribed, and possibly allows differentiation between acute and chronic corneal changes.


In this study, data of 19 climatic factors were downloaded from the World Climate website. A total of 233 Cymbidium kanran distribution data were obtained through online review and field visits. Using MaxEnt model and combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, the potential distribution area and distribution pattern of C. kanran in different periods were simulated, as well as its distribution during the last glacial period and 2070. The results showed that the curve indexes (AUC) value of the model training set was 0.957, and the AUC value of the verification set was 0.953, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the model was very high. The current distribution of C. kanran was mostly affected by the driest quarter precipitation, mean annual precipitation, wettest quarter precipitation, and mean annual temperature range. The contribution rates were 50.3%, 15.9%, 8.4% and 4.4%, respectively, with the total contribution rate being 79.0%. In the last glacial period, C. kanran mainly distributed in Wuyi Mountain, Luojing Mountain, Nanling, Taiwan's five major mountains and some hills in the northern part of Guangxi. From now to 2070, the distribution of C. kanran area will decrease by 22.4%. The southwestern part of Guangxi, the central part of Yunnan, and the junctions of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces will expand, while that in eastern Jiangxi, western Fujian, and the border between these two provinces will shrink.


Abstract The purpose of Lesotho Highlands Water Project is primarily to supply water from Lesotho to the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging industrial region of South Africa. In addition, the hydroelectric scheme at Muela will supply enough electrical power to meet the needs of Lesotho. The project consists of a number of dams, reservoirs and tunnels, and a hydroelectric scheme which will be constructed in four phases. Construction operations, if the project runs to completion, will last until around 2020. Phase IA commenced in 1987 and consists of the Katse Dam, a Transfer Tunnel from the impounded reservoir to Muela hydroelectric power station, the Muela Dam, and a Delivery Tunnel from the latter dam to the outfall on the Ash River, which is part of the Vaal River system. The tunnels total some 81 km in length. The Katse Dam and Transfer Tunnel are constructed in the basalts of the Drakensberg Formation. Many of these basalts have been subjected to deuteric alteration and consequently contain expansive clay minerals. Their presence can mean that the basalts disintegrate rapidly on exposure, which has led to increased excavation at the dam site, and slabbing and spalling from the perimeter of the tunnel. The Delivery Tunnel South was constructed in sandstones of the Clarens Formation. These sandstones presented few problems during excavation and this tunnel was bored 20 months ahead of schedule. It was anticipated that the Delivery Tunnel North would be the most difficult to excavate as it runs through a succession of mudstones and sandstones. Hence this tunnel is being excavated by a double-shielded tunnel boring machine which can bore through varied ground and provide protection against rock falls, while simultaneously installing precast lining segments.


Using the density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function method, we studied the finite-bias quantum transport in a Cr/graphene/Cr magnetotunnel junction (MTJ) constructed by a single graphene layer sandwiched between two semi-infinite Cr(111) electrodes. We found that the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio in this MTJ reached 108%, which is close to that of a perfect spin filter. Under an external positive bias, we found that the TMR ratio remained constant at 65%, in contrast to MgO-based MTJs, the TMR ratios of which decrease with increasing bias. These results indicate that the Cr/graphene/Cr MTJ is a promising candidate for spintronics applications.


This paper presents detailed analysis to compare and evaluate the performances of four control strategies for extracting the reference currents of shunt active power filter under distorted and unbalanced source and load conditions. The four controllers are based on instantaneous reactive power (p-q), d-q coordinate formulation (d-q), unity power factor (UPF), and perfect harmonic cancellation (PHC) strategies. Detailed analysis and simulation results (performed with Simulink\Matlab) are used to highlight the advantages and limitations of each control approach.


High-power LED usually is in small size and big current,most of the input power converted into thermal energy,so heat dissipation is the key technology to be solved.This paper introduces the method of thermal design and module of thermal resistance of High-power LED;and describes heat dissipation design for illumination high-power LED on ship.The results from the simulation and analysis and the assessment experiment had proved that the method and the radiator design met the demand of heat dissipation of the LED lamp on ship.