Purpose The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of an integrated self-management intervention that simultaneously targets diabetes and depression self-management in a primary care clinic that serves the Latino immigrant community. Methods The integrated intervention included behavioral activation and motivational interviewing techniques. It was developed with patient, family member, and provider stakeholders, and it comprised 6 individual sessions, followed by 2 monthly booster sessions. Eighteen Latino immigrants participated in an open trial of the intervention. A1C levels were examined at baseline and postintervention. Participants also completed measures of depression, diabetes self-management behaviors, patient activation, and diabetes-related self-efficacy and gave open-ended feedback about the intervention. Results Feasibility of delivering the intervention in the primary care setting and acceptability to the target population were demonstrated. Among participants completing the intervention, A1C levels decreased significantly from baseline. A significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an improvement in diabetes self-management behaviors, patient activation, and diabetes-related self-efficacy were observed. Qualitative responses from participants indicated unilateral positive responses to the intervention and endorsed its continuation in the clinic. Conclusions This pilot trial demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of an integrated self-management intervention for diabetes and depression. In addition, preliminary data suggest that the intervention may have a positive impact on diabetes and depression-related outcomes. Further evaluation is warranted.


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Abstract. The influence of natural metal chelators on the bio-available iron input to the ocean by river water was studied. Ferrous and ferric ions present as suspended colloidal particles maintaining the semblance of a dissolved load are coagulated and settled as their freshwater carrier is mixed with seawater at the continental boundary. However, we might argue that different iron-binding colloids become sequentially destabilized in meeting progressively increasing salinities. By use of a 59Fe tracer method, the partitioning of the iron load from the suspended and dissolved mobile fraction to storage in the sediments was measured with high accuracy in mixtures of natural river water with artificial sea water. The results show a characteristic sequence of sedimentation. Various colloids of different stability are removed from a water of increasing salinity, such as it is the case in the transition from a river water to the open sea. However, the iron transport capacities of the investigated river waters differed greatly. A mountainous river in the Austrian Alps would add only about 5% of its dissolved Fe load, that is about 2.0 µg L-1 Fe, to coastal waters. A small tributary draining a sphagnum peat-bog, which acts as a source of refractory low-molecular-weight fulvic acids to the river water, would add approximately 20% of its original Fe load, that is up to 480 µg L-1 Fe to the ocean's bio-available iron pool. This points to a natural mechanism of ocean iron fertilization by terrigenous fulvic-iron complexes originating from weathering processes occurring in the soils upstream.


Textile industry effluent contains a high amount of toxic colorants. These dyes are carcinogenic and threats to the environment and living beings. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) was used as the based polymer for PIMs with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the carrier and plasticizer. The fabricated PIMs were employed to extract the cation dye (Malachite Green; MG) from the feeding phase. PIMs were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle, water uptake, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ions exchange capacity. The performance of the PIMs was investigated under various conditions such as percentage of carrier and initial dye concentration. With permeability and flux values of 0.1188 cm/min and 1.1913 mg cm/min, PIM produced with 18% w/w PVDF-co-HFP, 21% w/w B2EHP, 1% w/w DOP and 40% w/w THF and was able to achieve more than 97% of MG extraction. The experimental data were then fitted with a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, and the calculated R2 value was ~0.99. This shows that the data has a good fit with the PSO model. PIM is a potential alternative technology in textile industry effluent treatment; however, the right formulation is crucial for developing a highly efficient membrane.


This article analyses two different religious events held in memory of Vladimir Herzog, a journalist murdered by the Brazilian dictatorship in 1975. These ecumenical acts, celebrated in the Catholic Cathedral of Sao Paulo in 1975 and 2015, produced a particular sense of civic life by engaging with different audiences. The analysis of the ritual strategies mobilized in these two acts will, on the one hand, map the figures who assume public speech during the acts, and, on the other, determine their role in each instance. Our hypotheses is that the configuration of what is being mobilized as collective will and its political and / or religious sense depends on the forms through which the audience is addressed by the religious ritual. This article does not therefore deal with the role of the Catholic Church as an opposition to the military regime - a theme which has been amply addressed in the literature - but, rather, aims to locate how the rites categorize and create diverse types of political collectivities. We therefore believe that it is possible, through the comparative analysis of two circumscribed and concrete case studies, to identify certain key elements of the recent configuration of public political space in Brazilian society.


The professional fields of information systems and information technology are drivers and enablers of the global economy. Moreover, their theoretical scope and practices are global in focus. University graduates need to develop a range of leadership, conceptual and technical capacities to work effectively in, and contribute to, the shaping of companies, business models and systems which operate in globalised settings. This paper reports a study of the operation of industry‐based learning (IBL) at three Australian universities, which employ different models and approaches, as part of a series of investigations of the needs, circumstances and perspectives of various stakeholders (program coordinator, faculty teaching staff, the students, industry mentors, and the professional body). The focus of this paper is a discussion of salient pragmatic considerations in an attempt to conceptualize what constitutes best practice in offering industry‐based learning for higher education students in the disciplines of information systems and information technology (Asia‐Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 9(2), 73‐80).


In Institutions/schools attendance maintaining is one of the major work for the faculty's to check the strength of a class. The faculties are provided with paper based attendance. They separately have it for various periods of subjects known log book. They mark the attendance every time when they go to class for their periods. To avoid manual paper based attendance system nowadays smart attendance monitoring system like biometric facial recognition system is being suggested. It is enormously used in much application such as monitoring the class room using CCTV, Computer -human interaction, Accurate Attendance maintaining and in security issues. This system rectifies the problems in marking the student's entry as absent even they are inside the classroom. In the implementation process, detecting the face, identifying and marking the attendance automatically whether the student is present or not is done. Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Eigen face value detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are the methods being used in this paper to create an automatic attendance management system. This model is successfully done in comparison with database of student's face to control the movement of people with a predefined protocol.


Fleshy fruits represent a valuable resource of economic and nutritional relevance for humanity. The plant cuticle is the external lipid layer covering the nonwoody aerial organs of land plants, and it is the first contact between fruits and the environment. It has been hypothesized that the cuticle plays a role in the development, ripening, quality, resistance to pathogen attack and postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits. The cuticle's structure and composition change in response to the fruit's developmental stage, fruit physiology and different postharvest treatments. This review summarizes current information on the physiology and molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and composition changes during the development, ripening and postharvest stages of fleshy fruits. A discussion and analysis of studies regarding the relationship between cuticle composition, water loss reduction and maintaining fleshy fruits' postharvest quality are presented. An overview of the molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and efforts to elucidate it in fleshy fruits is included. Enhancing our knowledge about cuticle biosynthesis mechanisms and identifying specific transcripts, proteins and lipids related to quality traits in fleshy fruits could contribute to the design of biotechnological strategies to improve the quality and postharvest shelf life of these important fruit crops.


Geochemical and stable isotope tags are often used to attribute individual animals in a sample of mixed origins to distinct sources, be it spawning, overwintering or foraging habitats. In order for individuals to be uniquely classified to one source, modelling approaches generally assume that all potential sources have been characterized in terms of their geochemical signature. This assumption is rarely met in applications of geochemistry in environments where species distributions and spawning grounds are poorly known; statistical methods that can accommodate this problem are therefore essential. We develop nonparametric Bayesian mixture models for geochemical signatures that estimate the most likely number of sources represented in a mixed sample, both in the absence and presence of baseline data. We then use a marginal clustering framework to evaluate the probability that a fish comes from a particular source. Using both simulations and a previously analysed data set, we illustrate the method and highlight the potential merits and difficulties. These examples reveal how our interpretations of geochemistry data sets can change when potentially un‐sampled sources are taken into account.


Background: Deep reflective practice is important in healthcare education to allow students to explore emotions associated with the learning experience, access deeper learning and develop their personal and professional identity. Previous research demonstrated that the current methods of reflective practice using logbooks at the end of a clinical session to facilitate reflection within this setting were viewed as suboptimal by staff and student users. To address this problem co-creation, or a 'students as partners' approach, was used to develop and implement a comprehensive intervention to facilitate deep reflection for undergraduate dental students. This included the production of educational resources, and development of an online safe space to reflect. Approach: In this paper we discuss the process of using co-creation with undergraduate dental students as a research methodology to successfully produce curricular change with respect to reflective practice by involving the voice and experience of student partners. These student partners were part of a team that included researchers and teaching staff and worked with other stakeholders within the institution within a wider team. Evaluation: This paper demonstrates the positive benefits of using co-creation with undergraduate dental students for students such as increased confidence, developing professional and personal skills and impacting meaningful change. Reflection: For researchers and educators, the process gave motivation and enjoyment in curricular development to address pedagogical problems and ensured that the developed intervention was sustainable and appropriate. The paper discusses benefits and challenges of co-creation to develop curricular change. This co-creation approach is recommended for solving similar problems in healthcare education.


The study examines how the job competition among the highly educated affects their wages in regional labour markets. We estimate individual-level wage curves separately for graduates and post-graduates and divide the job competition in unemployed and employed job search by level of education. The study does not find a wage curve for the highly educated in Finland. The results indicate that the dynamics of the market apparent in the increased employed job search creates more job opportunities for the graduates in the private sector, while declining the opportunities of both the graduates and the postgraduates in the municipality sector.


The selection of process parameters, which include the concentration of the carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension, the magnitude of the applied voltage, and the duration of the electric field, is significant in the assembly of a small number of CNTs across an electrode gap by dielectrophoresis (DEP). This paper investigates by simulation and experimentation these parameter relations. The simulation is based on the effective dipole moment method and considers the DEP force and viscous force on the CNT by the liquid medium. The method can be used to predict the assembly of a CNT originally located at any position within the electric field. The results demonstrate that the assembly time depends on the distance between the CNT and the electrode gap, as well as the magnitude of the applied voltage. Experiments confirm assembly times after recognizing the differences between the simulation and the experimental conditions. The results can help analyze the assembly of CNTs between electric conductors and help select D...


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objectives: Because management of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are complicated even for expert surgeons, with using a coronal fracture model, we aimed to compare 2 kinds of double locked plating techniques that consisted of the lateral locking plate and the medial locking plate inserted medial anteriorly (MA-ly) or medial posteriorly (MP-ly). Methods: Fourteen fresh-frozen tibias stabilized with the MA or MP methods were allocated into 2 groups with similar bone mineral density values. Implanted samples were tested under incremental fatigue loading conditions using a customized load applicator. An optical motion tracking system was used to assess relative displacements and rotations of fracture fragments during loading. Static and dynamic global stiffness, failure load, failure cycles, as well as movements of fracture fragments were measured. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 fixation methods regarding global stiffness, failure load, or failure cycles (P = 0.67–0.98, depending on the parameter). The kinematic evaluations, however, revealed that different positions of the medial locking plates altered the directions of movements for the medial-anterior or medial-posterior fracture segments. Conclusions: The mechanical stability of tibia-implant constructs fixed with the double plating methods was not remarkably affected by the location of the medial locking plate. Depending on clinical conditions and surgeons' preferences, bicondylar tibial plateau fractures can be managed with either MA or MP methods.


Recent measurements using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) have shown that the initial dynamic response of photosynthetic proteins can involve quantum coherence. We show how electronic coherence can be differentiated from vibrational coherence in 2D ES. On that basis we conclude that both electronic and vibrational coherences are observed in the phycobiliprotein light-harvesting complex PC645 from Chroomonas sp. CCMP270 at ambient temperature. These light-harvesting antenna proteins of the cryptophyte algae are suspended in the lumen, where the pH drops significantly under sustained illumination by sunlight. Here we measured 2D ES of PC645 at increasing levels of acidity to determine if the change in pH affects the quantum coherence; quantitative analysis reveals that the dynamics are insensitive to the pH change.


The introduction of Positive Psychological Interventions (PPI's) has been recognised to represent the ethos of the relatively novel area of Positive Psychology, regarding the value of developing positive individual traits. Numerous PPI's have been praised for their ability to influence an individual's experience of gratitude and happiness and reducing social anxiety. Research has suggested that focussing on these traits in undergraduates have shown benefits in academic achievement and social and moral development, therefore justifying investigating the use of the short-term 'Three Good Things,' intervention for influence on these variables. On completion of pre-intervention measures of social anxiety, gratitude and happiness, forty-six undergraduate students were randomly allocated to a short-term 'Three Good Things' intervention or an active control group, where they were required to complete the corresponding activity for one week. A series of 2x2 mixed ANOVA's were conducted, where despite observation of positive changes in happiness and gratitude, and negative changes in social anxiety for participants in the experimental group from pre to post-intervention, all interactions were non-significant. This limits implications for the use of the 'Three Good Things' task on influencing these variables. However, various moderators of PPI's have been recognised for their influence on the effectiveness of these methods, thus proposing the need for further research.


The hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (PRE), which resides in the 3' region of the viral S transcripts, is important for the high-level expression of these mRNA species. We have previously shown that the PRE acts intranuclearly in cis to allow efficient export of intronless transcripts into the cytoplasm, in a manner that is independent of viral trans-acting factors. We here present data demonstrating that there are widely dispersed subelements in the PRE that are important for its function. All of these subelements bind, albeit with different affinities, to the same or similar host nuclear factor(s) containing two proteins, approximately 30 and 45 kDa in mass. The affinity of protein binding to a subelement is positively correlated with the ability of the subelement to activate intronless gene expression. Therefore, it appears that the PRE functions by having multiple binding sites for nuclear proteins that may be directly or indirectly involved in export of unspliced mRNA species.


Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and home economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) offers educational programs, materials, and equal opportunity employment to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disability. Parent-Teen Activity Series Creating Moving Memories


Training machine learning models for predicting stock market share prices is an active area of research since the automatization of trading such papers was available in real time. While most of the work in this field of research is done by training Neural networks based on past prices of stock shares, in this work, we use iFeel 2.0 platform to extract 19 sentiment features from posts obtained from microblog platform Twitter that mention the company Petrobras. Then, we used those features to train XBoot models to predict future stock prices for the referred company. Later, we simulated the trading of Petrobras' shares based on the model's outputs and determined the gain of R$88,82 (net) in a 250-day period when compared to a 100 random models' average performance.


Discussions about the City Statute have been resumed, and the questions focus on its effectiveness, poor public participation and its use to legitimize policies guided by private interests. This paper investigates Urban Operations (UO) as a mechanism to recover land surplus value. Based on a study about the Faria Lima UO (city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil), the paper discusses the Linha Verde UO (city of Curitiba, Southern Brazil), which is at the initial stage of implementation. The analysis enables to draw conclusions that are both complementary and contradictory. On the one hand, it is necessary to recognize its potential as an important instrument to leverage urban transformation, dividing the costs of public action with stakeholders. However, it is possible to notice its low efficiency in the social management of land value appreciation, as it lacks mechanisms to ensure the appropriate distribution of public resources.


The theoretically predicted appearance of the temperature difference between the opposite sides of charging or discharging capacitors was observed for the first time. The capacitor of ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 crystal with Ni electrodes was charged applying the field to E = 106 V/m with the time constant ≈ 10−5 s. The temperature difference at 300 K reached ≈ 10−4 K. The theoretical analysis of a "generalized Peltier effect" at the boundary of two arbitrary materials is done and it is shown that the experimental result can be considered as a "dieletric Peltier effect".


We describe a boy who presented at 4 years of age with radiological hyperparathyroidism, osteosclerosis, and necrosis of the femoral heads. Plasma biochemistry was normal but the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was very high. He was deaf and had an unusual facies but did not have the phenotype of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Plasma and urine cyclic AMP reponses to bovine PTH were markedly subnormal. Vitamin D produced sustained hypercalcaemia and a fall in plasma phosphorus. After four hyperplastic parathyroid glands were removed he became hypocalcaemic and plasma phosphorus rose. After operation he remained unresponsive to exogenous PTH; We suggest that he had a form of pseudohypoparathyroidism without the phenotype of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and with some residual skeletal and renal responsiveness to PTH.


Both, India and Pakistan have adhered to the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects. But neither has signed the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention adopted in 1997. Why not make ratification and enforcement of this Convention part of the confidence building measures currently being discussed in Indo-Pak talks?


Phase II clinical trials with risperidone have proven it to have a potent antipsychotic effect, improving both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It was found to have a low potential for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms and has been shown to have a possible antidyskinetic effect without increasing parkinsonism. Risperidone has a rapid onset of action and a favourable side-effect profile. One-year data on risperidone suggest that its therapeutic action in patients with chronic schizophrenia can be maintained without the significant neurological side-effects associated with the use of standard neuroleptics.


Paul and New Testament Questions of Today. He interprets Paul's thought against an apocalyptic backdrop. The offense of God's justification of the sinner is em phasized. The righteousness of God is understood in dynamic terms as gift and power. It is considered to be the key to the argument of the whole letter, indeed, the heart of Paul's thought. Käsemann outlines Romans around this theme: 1:1-17, in troduction of the theme; 1:18-3:20, the need for the revelation of the righteousness of God; 3:21-4:25, the righteousness of God as the righteousness of faith; 5:1-8:39, the righteousness of God as a reality of eschatological freedom; 9:1-11:36, the righteousness of God and the problem of I s rae l ; 12:1-15:13, the righteousness of God in daily Christian life; 15:14-33, conclusion; 16:1-27, appendix—a letter of recommendation.


An effective algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems by using chaotic neurodynamics has already been proposed. Although numerical simulations show that the algorithm is highly efficient, the reason behind its effectiveness has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the searching characteristics of this algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems by employing the method of surrogate data, which is frequently used in the field of nonlinear time series analysis. We evaluated how solving abilities depend on bifurcation parameters related to the refractory effects in the chaotic neural networks. Then, we found that the considerable searching ability is decided by refractory effects after neuron firing.


Singosaritemple is one of cultural heritage building in East Java, Indonesia which was built in 1300s and restorated in 1934-1937. Because of its history and importance, complete documentation of this temple is required. Nowadays with the advent of low cost UAVs combining aerial photography with terrestrial photogrammetry gives more complete data for 3D documentation. This research aims to make complete 3D model of this landmark from aerial and terrestrial photographs with Structure from Motion algorithm. To establish correct scale, position, and orientation, the final 3D model was georeferenced with Ground Control Points in UTM 49S coordinate system. The result shows that all facades, floor, and upper structures can be modeled completely in 3D. In terms of 3D coordinate accuracy, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) are RMSEx=0,041 m; RMSEy=0,031 m; RMSEz=0,049 m which represent 0.071 m displacement in 3D space. In addition the mean difference of lenght measurements of the object is 0,057 m. With this accuracy, this method can be used to map the site up to 1:237 scale. Although the accuracy level is still in centimeters, the combined aerial and terrestrial photographs with Structure from Motion algorithm can provide complete and visually interesting 3D model.


ABSTRACT Background: Many minority ethnic (ME) older adults face several culturally associated and systemic barriers to timely dementia diagnoses that may result in delays to dementia care-seeking. We aimed to develop and propose a model illustrating variables that influence dementia care-seeking among ME older adults. Methods: We conducted a literature review on the effects of these barriers on diagnostic delays and impairment levels at initial evaluation. We also strived to provide a basis for the Sociocultural Health Belief Model (SHBM) to guide future research and service planning pertaining to culture and dementia care-seeking. Results: There was consistent evidence that ME older adults with dementia tended to have greater diagnostic delays and higher levels of cognitive impairment and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia at initial evaluation than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. We also found several barriers to dementia care-seeking among ME groups. These barriers included lower levels of acculturation and accurate knowledge about dementia, more culturally associated beliefs about dementia, such as the perception of memory loss as normal aging and stigma associated with dementia, and health system barriers. Conclusions: The SHBM provides an empirically based conceptual framework for examining cross-cultural differences in dementia care-seeking among diverse groups. We provide recommendations for future research, such as the need for research with more diverse ethnic subgroups and the examination of group-specific cultural values. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical and service implications of our review, including potential interventions aimed at facilitating timely dementia diagnoses among ME older adults.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a strong familial component. Candidate genes for colorectal cancer have been identified through mutations in four mismatch repair genes (hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, and hPMS2) and genes that are deleted or mutated in tumors (DCC, APC, and p53). Linkage analysis of candidate loci/regions was performed in 10 kindreds ascertained for common colorectal cancer from the Utah Population Database. Evidence for linkage to candidate genes was assessed using two- or three-point logarithm of the odds ratio scores with markers spanning the region of localization. One kindred is linked to hMSH2 and also fits the criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, having early age of onset and high penetrance for CRC. The remaining nine kindreds are unlinked to the candidate genes tested. These kindreds have a later age of onset and a lower penetrance than hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer kindreds. these results indicate that further unmapped susceptibility loci may be responsible for much of the familial aggregation of CRC.


This study examined the imperative construction: the command, the interrogative, the prohibition, the call, and the wish. In the Diwan of Al-Shamakh bin Dirar; where the poetic verses were monitored in each of the topics of the student's creation, and the rhetorical meanings that he came out with. What is new in this study is that it is the first to study the demanded composition in the poetry of a glorious poet, Al-Shammakh bin Dirar Al-Dhubyani. As his poetry did not receive such a study, it sought to employ what was written by rhetoric scholars, in an attempt to explore the demanded composition in the poetry of Al-Shamakh. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, which is based on counting the number of times the poet used each of the methods of requesting composition, and analyzing the rhetorical contexts in which these methods were mentioned. The study included an introduction, a preface, and three topics. In the introduction, I dealt with the life of the poet, his poetry, his status, and the definition of composition and its types. As for the detectives; In it, I dealt with the request composition in the poet's diwan, and the rhetorical meanings that came out to it.


Low-frequency oscillations in power systems have been commonly damped by power system stabilisers based on lead-lag transfer functions. These stabilisers can be implemented in the control loops of synchronous generators or converter-interfaced generation (CIG). Commonly, pole placement techniques are used to design power oscillation damping (POD) controllers. However, these methods require a detailed linearised model of the power system which is not always available. In this paper, a method to synthesize POD controllers for multiple modes using the vector fitting (VF) algorithm is presented. This technique is based on the compensation of the open-loop phase of the plant at some specific frequencies. Therefore, it is suitable for those cases when the power system model is not accessible because it only requires the frequency response at certain points. The VF algorithm is then used to synthesise a transfer function that fulfils the specifications. The proposed method is tested using a benchmark power system consisting of three machines and an additional CIG. Finally, the performance of the POD controller is verified by using electromagnetic transient simulations in Matlab/SimPowerSystems.


The function of DYRK1A protein kinase is regulated by its gene dosage whereby both gains and losses of one copy of DYRK1A gene on chromosome 21 result in developmental abnormalities. In order to better understand the function and regulation of DYRK1A, we applied a highly sensitive MudPIT proteomic approach to identify DYRK1A-interacting proteins in human cells. Four biological replicate MudPIT experiments were performed and the proteins reproducibly detected in the DYRK1A immunoprecipitates but not in the controls, were identified. Six proteins detected in all four biological replicate experiments were also most highly enriched in the DYRK1A immunoprecipitates, suggesting that these proteins form stable and abundant complexes with DYRK1A. One of these proteins, RNF169, has been recently characterized as a component of ubiquitin-mediated cascade involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are deleterious DNA lesions that are repaired by hierarchical and orchestrated recruitment of multiple different proteins to a modified chromatin in the vicinity of the DNA damage sites. Presence of specific chromatin marks including ubiquitination regulates the choice between two major DSB repair pathways: homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), mediated by recruitment of chromatin-binding DNA damage response proteins including 53BP1 and RNF169. Binding of 53BP1 could prevent the resection of the DNA strands near the damage site necessary for the HRR while RNF169 is thought to limit the 53BP1 accumulation and therefore, to promote the HRR. To determine whether DYRK1A plays a role in these processes, we knocked out its expression in human and mouse cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 approach. We found that initial accumulation of 53BP1 at the gamma-irradiation induced foci (IRIFs) was similar in the DYRK1A-null and in the control cells. However, both the number of the 53BP1 IRIFs and their persistence over time were significantly reduced in the cell lines that lacked DYRK1A. This effect was dependent on the presence of RNF169, suggesting that DYRK1A regulates the ability of RNF169 to limit 53BP19s accumulation at the DSBs. Next, we sought to determine the mechanism of this regulation and found that RNF169 is phosphorylated by DYRK1A at two sites located in a highly conserved domain with no known function. Interestingly, the phospho mimetic mutant of RNF169 displayed a decreased ability to inhibit 53BP1 IRIF formation when compared to the wild type or the non-phosphorylatable RNF169 alleles. We also determined the effect of DYRK1A overexpression on the recruitment of RNF169 and 53BP1 to the sites of IR-induced DNA damage. Surprisingly, accumulation of both RNF169 and 53BP1 in the IRIFs was diminished upon overexpression of active, but not the kinase-inactive DYRK1A. Domain-mapping of DYRK1A-RNF169 binding demonstrated that the ability of DYRK1A to abolish the RNF169 IRIF formation is independent of their interaction, suggesting that overexpression of functional DYRK1A could affect other factors in the cell that play a role in the DNA damage response. Since loss of DYRK1A could be relevant to cancer due to its widespread gene copy number losses, we determined the effect of DYRK1A loss on the ability of the cells to repair their DNA. Using the DR-GFP reporter of HRR and the neutral comet assays, we found that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated depletion of DYRK1A results in an increased efficiency of the DNA DSB repair. Our findings implicate DYRK1A in the critical processes of DNA damage response and characterize a novel function of this important protein kinase. Citation Format: Vijay R. Menon, Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan, Larisa Litovchick. The role of Down syndrome9s DYRK1A kinase in repair of the DNA double strand breaks [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B10.


Kazak cheese is a traditional dairy product fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Xinjiang. To investigate the LAB in Kazak cheese and their contributions to cheese fermentation, four representative LAB, Streptococcus thermophilus B8, Lactobacillus helveticus B6, Weissella confusa B14, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus B10, were isolated from Kazak cheese and subsequently used to ferment cheeses, which were named StC, LhC, WcC, and LrC, respectively. The result showed that most of the physical and chemical indicators had no significant difference, except for moisture and fat. W. confusa B14 was beneficial to the production of amino acids, whereas S. thermophilus B8 promoted the formation of organic acids and contributed to formation ideal texture property. Furthermore, the four cheeses all possessed a strong fruity aroma, with brandy, sweet, herbaceous, pungent, and fatty aromas being the most prominent in WcC. This is because L. helveticus B6 produced a high concentration of hexanal, nonanal, octanal, 3-methylbutanoic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, isoamyl acetate, and ethyl hexanoate in LhC. Research on the fermentation mechanism of LAB in cheese will provide a theoretical basis for the quality control and industrial production of Kazak cheese.


While catalytic electron flow and photoreactivation of CPD-photolyases are increasingly understood, the microscopic details of the 64-photolyase repair mechanism are perpetually debated. Here, we investigate in long-time (μs) molecular dynamics simulations combined with extensive quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations the primary electron transfer (ET) reactions in 64-photolyase of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). The characterization of the relative energetics of locally excited and charge separated states in the (6-4) photoproduct enzyme repair complex reveals a charge-separated state involving the adenine moiety of the FADH- cofactor that facilitates reduction of the photoproduct. Microscopic details of the collective reaction coordinate of ET reactions are identified that involve the reorganization of the hydrogen bond network and structural relaxation of the active site. The simulations reveal complex active site relaxation dynamics involving distinguished amino acids (Lys246, His365, and His369), conformational reorganization of the hydroxyl group of the (6-4) photoproduct, and a strengthening of hydrogen bonds with immobilized water molecules. In particular, rotation of the Lys246 side chain is found to impose a double-well character along the reaction coordinate of the ET reaction. Our findings suggest that the primary ET reactions in the (6-4) photoproduct enzyme repair complex of D. melanogaster are governed by a complex multi-minima active site relaxation dynamics and potentially precede the equilibration of the protein. ET pathways mediated by the adenine moiety and the 5' side of the photoproduct are proposed to be relevant for triggering the catalytic (6-4) photoproduct reactivation.


For this study quantified the amount of dry biomass accumulated in litter, dead wood biomass and the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) in four forest successional stages: 5 to 15 years, 15 to 30 years, over 30 years old and primary forest. A simple random design with sub-sampling, four treatments (successional stage), five repetitions (PPM) and four samples per PPM was established. The accumulated biomass in litter was higher in primary forests with 9,75 t ha-1, followed by forests over 30 years with 7,93 t ha-1, 15-30 years with 5,97 t ha-1 and finally forests 5-15 years with 5,60 t ha-1. The values of biomass in dead wood were of 7,80 t ha-1 in primary forests, 3,26 t ha-1 in forests older than 30 years, 5,84 t ha-1 in 15-30 year forests and 3,42 t ha-1 in 5-15 year forest. The soil organic carbon was higher in forests over 30 years (109,24 tC ha-1), followed by primary forest (92,29 tC ha-1), 15-30-year forest (88,01 tC ha-1); lastly, 5-15-year forest (78,48 tC/ha-1). There were statistical differences (α = 0,05) in biomass of accumulated litter on forest forests 5-15 years. The trends show an increase in the amount of biomass accumulated in litter with increasing successional stage. Dead wood biomass showed no statistical differences in age of the forest (α = 0,05). The soil organic carbon (SOC) showed statistical differences (α = 0,05) in forests of 5-15 years for forests older than 30 years.


Comprehensive model for the insulator to metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin film in the presence of external electrical stimulus is proposed. This model divides the film layer into several segments and solves the Joule heating equations due to current flow and heat exchange with the environment and Poole–Frankel equation to obtain carrier concentration in response to the applied voltage, and transition is checked for each cell separately. The model follows the experimental results and exhibits both switching and hysteresis effect in planar structures and ${S}$ -shaped current–voltage characteristics in sandwich metal–insulator–metal structure based on the vanadium dioxide thin film. This model shows that by reducing the vanadium dioxide layer thickness, the electric field-assisted transition plays the dominant role in the transition, and therefore, it is a promising tool for the design and analysis of vanadium dioxide structures with various electrode distances.


In recent decades, high groundwater extraction rates, often coincident with periods of severe drought, result in the widespread decline of water levels. Overexploitation of aquifers also causes land subsidence, which poses a severe threat to infrastructure. Tucson, Arizona experiences land subsidence coupled with the depletion of groundwater, a critical water resource for the desert city. To understand the spatiotemporal evolution of land subsidence and its implications for aquifer properties, we examine long time series of surface deformation and head levels. Measurements at extensometer stations indicate rapid compaction of fine‐grained material up to 8.5 mm/yr from 1990 to 2005, which results in permanent storage volume losses up to 4.1%. The analysis of densely populated sets of interferograms generated from Envisat and RadarSAT C band acquisitions yields multitemporal maps of surface deformation at unprecedented resolution. These maps reveal that subsidence significantly slows by the late 2000s, corresponding with the implementation of artificial recharge efforts. Subsequent to groundwater level recovery, we observe a brief 6.6 year interval of residual compaction, suggesting a high vertical hydraulic conductivity, which is then shown to be up to 9.8 × 10−4 m/d. We also estimate the average elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients for the aquifer system to be 3.78 × 10−3 and 6.01 × 10−3, respectively. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar shows deformation nearly ceases by 2015, likely reducing hazards associated with Earth fissuring and infrastructure damage. This study highlights successful outcomes of water management and conservation plans that preserve existing groundwater reserves and increase artificial recharge.


BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to analyze positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance with oropharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ONHL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The complete image data of 30 ONHL cases were analyzed, all patients were performed PET / CT and MRI examination before the treatment, with the time interval of these two inspections not exceeding 14 days. The distribution, morphology, MRI signal characteristics, enhancement feature, standardized uptake value (SUV) max value and lymph node metastasis way of the lesions were analyzed.

RESULTS
Among the 30 cases, 23 cases were derived from the B-cell (76.7%), 5 cases were derived from the peripheral T cells (16.7%) and 2 cases were derived from the NK/T cells (6.7%). 19 cases exhibited the palatine tonsil involvement (63.3%). As for the lesion appearance, 10 cases appeared as mass, 8 cases were the diffused type and 12 cases were the mixed type. 25 cases exhibited the SUVmax value of PET / CT primary lesions as 11 or more (83.3%). MRI showed that all patients exhibited various degrees of parapharyngeal side-compressed narrowing, but MRI still exhibited the high-signal fat, and the oropharyngeal mucosa was intact. 25 cases were associated with the neck lymph node metastasis, among who 22 cases had no necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes, while the rest 3 cases exhibited the central necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes.

CONCLUSIONS
PET / CT and MRI have important value in diagnosing and determining the lesion extent of ONHL.


Exposure to high glucose may cause glucotoxicity, leading to pancreatic β cell dysfunction including cell apoptosis, impaired glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular lipid accumulation. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), a key nuclear transcription factor that regulates lipid metabolism, has been proven to play a role in insulin secretion. Insulin induced gene-1 (Insig-1) is an upstream regulatory factor of SREBP-1c. The overexpression of Insig-1 significantly inhibits SREBP-1c expression and thereby blocks the expression of downstream genes. It has been proven that silibinin, a natural flavanone, is involved in a variety of biological functions. In the present study, we examined whether silibinin protects high glucose-induced β cell dysfunction through the Insig-1/SREBP-1c pathway. Our data demonstrated that 30.0 µM of silibinin significantly improved cell viability (P<0.05) after rat insulinoma INS-1 cells were exposed to high glucose for 72 h. Silibinin partially attenuated GSIS following exposure to high glucose for either 24 or 72 h (both P<0.05). As shown by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, silibinin upregulated the mRNA expression of insulin secretion‑related genes [insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) and insulin], but downregulated uncoupling protein‑2 (UCP-2) expression. Silibinin inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis. Further experiments revealed that silibinin improved β cell function through the regulation of the Insig-1/SREBP-1c pathway. In conclusion, these results clearly suggest that the protection of β cells from glucotoxicity can be significantly enhanced through the regulation of the Insig-1/SREBP-1c pathway. Thus, silibinin may be a novel therapeutic agent for β cell dysfunction.


This study investigates empirically if land characteristics (especially forests and mountains) are of importance for the local ability to withstand the shock of the Covid-19 on domestic tourism demand during the summer of 2020. A second step of the analysis focuses on the recovery stage in the subsequent summer. Three tourism indicators are considered: arrivals, overnight stays and length of stay. Official data on land use characteristics of 2029 villages in the Federal state of Bavaria (South Germany) are employed for the analysis. Estimations using the Spatial Durbin model combined with the Heckman selection model reveal that there is a significant relationship between the proportion of forest within as well as surrounding the village and the demand for domestic tourism compared with the 2019 baseline. There is also a significant relationship with the altitude of the surrounding areas. The importance of mountains and forests is present in both the initial year of the pandemic and in the recovery year of 2021, although the magnitude is lower in the summer of 2021. Direct and spatial effects can also be found for lakes and rivers on overnight stays and length of stay.


Although the stability of β-lactam antibiotics is a known issue, none of the previously reported bioanalytical methods had an adequate evaluation of the stability of these drugs. In the current study, the stability of cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam under various conditions was comprehensively evaluated. ABSTRACT Although the stability of β-lactam antibiotics is a known issue, none of the previously reported bioanalytical methods had an adequate evaluation of the stability of these drugs. In the current study, the stability of cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam under various conditions was comprehensively evaluated. The evaluated parameters included stock solution stability, short-term stability, long-term stability, freeze-thaw stability, processed sample stability, and whole-blood stability. When stored at −20°C, the stock solution of meropenem in methanol was stable for up to 3 weeks, and the stock solutions of cefepime, piperacillin, and tazobactam were stable for up to 6 weeks. All four antibiotics were stable in human plasma for up to 3 months when stored at −80°C and were stable in whole blood for up to 4 h at room temperature. Short-term stability results indicated that all four β-lactams were stable at room temperature for 2 h, but substantial degradation was observed when the plasma samples were stored at room temperature for 24 h, with the degradation rates for cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam being 30.1%, 75.6%, 49.0%, and 37.7%, respectively. Because the stability information is method independent, our stability results can be used as a reference by other research groups that work with these antibiotics.


There has been a growing academic interest in the role of new communication technology in the political process in Asia. The increasing influence of the Internet to diffuse political information may have facilitated high voter involvement in the political process in this region. This study examines patterns of on-line and traditional news media use among people who have access to the Internet in Malaysia. The results show an association between the use of the Internet and traditional media -- newspapers, television, and radio -- for political information among the respondents interviewed. This study suggests that the Internet is widely used to gather political information, but its use for this purpose is not replacing the newspapers and television. There is also an indication that the Internet users participate online in a limited number of political activities. However, the political knowledge gained from the Internet does not seem to influence the respondents' choice of political candidate in elections.


Abstract Environmental education needs to be molded as a structuring public policy, in addition to specific projects and programs in order to gain effectiveness in combating the socio-environmental and civilizational crisis. This demands the unveiling of the concept of public policies, which is the purpose of this study. The concept of multi-center public policies, as a result of government and other social players' action, is used here. The results in the literature establish the need for three dimensions involved in the cycle of public policies presented by Frey: policy, polity and politics and, in this study, the essentiality of a fourth dimension is considered: that of everyday politics, which is related to instituting social forces and their importance in the construction of public policies intended to be participatory.


Superhalogen species, having the electron affinities higher than that of halogens, play a consequential role in the design of unusual compounds possessing high oxidizing capabilities. Traditionally, such species include a metallic or nonmetallic core with electronegative atoms (F, Cl, and O) or moieties (CN, NCO, and SCN). Note that the electron affinities of these moieties are comparable to or even larger that of F. In the quest for other ligands that might be capable to induce the superhalogen behavior in metal complexes, we have investigated the OF moiety, whose electron affinity is lower than that of F. Utilizing gradient corrected density functional theory, we have systematically studied Au(OF)n complexes (n = 1–6) and their anions. The adiabatic electron affinities of Au(OF)n and vertical detachment energies of Au(OF)n− suggest that these species behave as superhalogens for n ≥ 2. The electron affinities of Au(OF)n, which are smaller than AuFn and Au(CN)n complexes but comparable to that of AuCln, are explained on the basis of extra electron delocalization over several OF moieties. Unlike Au(CN)n (n ≥ 2), which become unstable against dimerization of CN moieties due to their large binding energies, Au(OF)n (n ≤ 4) and Au(OF)n− (n ≤ 5) are found to be stable. The enhanced stability of Au(OF)2− and Au(OF)4− is particularly highlighted. Therefore, the OF moiety is capable of stabilizing the oxidation state of Au up to +4. Note that the highest possible oxidation state of Au is limited to +5. Thus, the investigation advocates that the OF moiety performs better than CN for the stabilization of metal complexes in higher oxidation states. However, the electron affinities of metal complexes stabilized with OF are lower than those with F ligands in accordance with the electronic structure and relatively lower electron affinity of OF.


An analysis based on Brownian Motion, including the effect of packet losses, packet retransmission and the overhead delay incurred after each time-out, is used to derive closed form expressions for the average travel time of a packet from its source to a fixed destination. An iterative algorithm is proposed to compute the time it takes for a packet to reach a moving destination node. The value of the optimum time-out interval that minimises average travel time is illustrated with numerical examples.


Abstract The genus Harnischia Kieffer, 1921 from China is reviewed and one new species, Harnischia parallela Yan & Wang, sp. n., is described and illustrated as adult male. Harnischia okilurida Sasa is recognized as a new synonym of Harnischia longispuria Wang & Zheng. The pupae of Harnischia fuscimana Kieffer and Harnischia curtilamellata Malloch are redescribed from material collected in China, and an unplaced pupa is described. Key to male adults and pupae of known species of Harnischia from China is given.


The effects of photoperiod and the difference between day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) (DIF) on stem elongation in Verbena bonariensis L. (tall verbena) were investigated. Plants were exposed to nine treatment combinations of -10, 0, or 10 o C DIF and 8-, 12-, or 16-hour photoperiods. Stem elongation was measured and analyzed by a noncontact computer-vision-based system. Total daily elongation increased as DIF increased; it also increased as photoperiod increased under positive DIF (DT > NT) and zero DIF (DT = NT), but not under negative DIF. Under positive DIF, daily elongation was 90% greater under the 16-hour photoperiod than under the 8-hour photoperiod. DIF affected elongation rate during the daily light span but not during the daily dark span. Total light-span elongation increased as DIF or photoperiod increased. Total dark-span elongation was not influenced by DIF or photoperiod. Elongation rates per hour in the light and dark were not significantly affected by photoperiod but increased in the light as DIF increased. Therefore, for a particular DIF, total elongation during 16-hour photoperiods (long days) was greater than that under 8-hour photoperiods (short days) because there were more hours of light under long days. economics (Erwin, 1992), yield of Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) (Grimstad and Frimandslund, 1993), placement of high night tem-


Across the tree of life, DNA in living cells is associated with proteins that coat chromosomes, constrain their structure and influence DNA-templated processes such as transcription and replication. In bacteria and eukaryotes, HU and histones, respectively, are the principal constituents of chromatin, with few exceptions. Archaea, in contrast, have more diverse repertoires of nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). The evolutionary and ecological drivers behind this diversity are poorly understood. Here, we combine a systematic phylogenomic survey of known and predicted NAPs with quantitative protein abundance data to shed light on the forces governing the evolution of archaeal chromatin. Our survey highlights the Diaforarchaea as a hotbed of NAP innovation and turnover. Loss of histones and Alba in the ancestor of this clade was followed by multiple lineage-specific horizontal acquisitions of DNA-binding proteins from other prokaryotes. Intriguingly, we find that one family of Diaforarchaea, the Methanomethylophilaceae, lacks any known NAPs. Comparative analysis of quantitative proteomics data across a panel of 19 archaea revealed that investment in NAP production varies over two orders of magnitude, from <0.02% to >5% of total protein. Integrating genomic and ecological data, we demonstrate that growth temperature is an excellent predictor of relative NAP investment across archaea. Our results suggest that high levels of chromatinization have evolved as a mechanism to prevent uncontrolled helix opening and runaway denaturation – rather than, for example, to globally orchestrate gene expression – with implications for the origin of chromatin in both archaea and eukaryotes.


We present that the tailored nanopatterning with tunable shape, depth, and dimension for diverse application-specific designs can be realized by utilizing controlled dynamic nanoinscribing (DNI) which can generate bur-free plastic deformation on various flexible substrates via continuous mechanical inscription of a small sliced edge of a nanopatterned mold in a compact and vacuum-free system. Systematic controlling of prime DNI processing parameters including inscribing force, temperature, and substrate feed rate, can determine the nanopattern depths and their specific profiles from rounded to angular shapes as a summation of the force-driven plastic deformation and heat-driven thermal deformation. More complex nanopatterns with gradient depths and/or multidimensional profiles can also be readily created by modulating the horizontal mold edge alignment and/or combining sequential DNI strokes, which otherwise demand laborious and costly procedures. Many practical user-specific applications may benefit from this study by tailor-making the desired nanopattern structures within desired areas, including precision machine and optics components, transparent electronics and photonics, flexible sensors, and reattachable and wearable devices. We demonstrate one vivid example that the light diffusion direction of a light-emitting diode can be tuned by application of specifically designed DNI nanopatterns.


Ten years after having concluded the british-argentinean conflict in 1982, known as the Falklands War, narratives about meetings between army members who had been direct contenders began to come out to public. Those meetings, which were desired, sought-after and willful meetings, and which would later become friendship relationships, included three argentinean pilots from a-4b skyhawk weapon system belonging to the 5th Group of air Force Fighter Planes, and aeronautic staff or personnel on board from Great britain. This paper intends to understand how those former argentinean and british soldiers gave a meaning to their encounters, how they positioned each other and in relation to their roles in the battle, and which were their reflections on post-war. This paper states that in those (re)encounters their players actualized, through friendship, a honorific relation of equality they had displayed in the battle, which ended up with the argentinean defeat.


Cascade molecules have been synthesized in which the initiation core and branch points of the cascade structure are quaternary phosphonium ion sites.


This piece of research was carried out during the first semester of 2014-2015 at the Faculty of Education of Burgos. Variables of involvement and regulation of student work are analyzed from the preparation of live videos with Google Hangout that were uploaded to Youtube. The students participating in this piece of research are 126, all belonging to a subject of the degree in elementary school. Group A has produced the videos as a learning tool while group B did not use virtual tools. Pretest-posttest is done by analyzing the degree of modification of the variables at the end of the course. A mixed research method, both quantitative (descriptive and inferential) and qualitative (interviews), is used. The group using the videos (A) has a greater regulation of work, both in relation to the pretest, as compared to group B. In group A, the regularity in managing social networks has been the variable in which significant differences have been found in relation to the applicability of the learning generated. Interviews with teachers show a very different level in understanding and management of virtual tools for training purposes.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between a number, of characteristics of a set of essays to the grades assigned to them. The essays were written by 79 law students from 16 law schools who answered a common question as part of their regular final exam in Contracts. High grades on the essay were found to be related to identifying and writing on major rather than minor issues, arguing both sides of an issue while pushing strongly for a particular conclusion, and using legal jargon. Poor handwriting and composition errors were related to low scores.


Since the issuance of Law No. 43 of 2009 on archives , has had implications for Universities , because in these regulations , it is mandatory for all Universities funded by the state budget revenue of Indonesia( APBN ) for conducting archival and has archives Organization. As one of the universities that carry out functions of Tridharma , Airlangga University selected as a State Universities which become research location , also performs the function of archives , and have an archives organization wich name "Bidang Arsip Universitas Airlangga" . How is the development of management practices on "Bidang Arsip" of Airlangga University ? The purpose of this study is to describe the development of archives management in "badan arsip" Airlangga University. The  type of method used is descriptive quantitative research , is intended to illustrate the development of the program . Selection of respondents conducted at the population level , everyone involved in the management of archival records in the "Badan Arsip" of Airlangga University wich total respondent are 30 person . The results and analysis of this study is , in part records management program is appropriate , while some others are still not appropriate , this is due to a lack of depth in preparation for the implementation of records management . "Bidang Arsip" Already have a policy as an  institution , but the JRA and the classification is the first and very important in the organization of archives , it is still not implemented , so that records management is still very subjective based on the Staff .


The need for clinicians trained in palliative care will increase as more Americans live with life-limiting illness. Although multiple studies have described the nature of palliative care education in prelicensure programs, there have been no similar studies of nurse practitioner programs. We surveyed 101 nurse practitioner programs. Most programs provide little instruction in palliative care; education is often limited to a few hours of lecture. One-third of programs offer no instruction. Although palliative care is an important component of advanced practice nursing practice, programs may not be providing adequate education.


To improve the performance of the afterburner for the turbofan engine, an innovative type of mixer, namely, the chevron mixer, was considered to enhance the mixture between the core flow and the bypass flow. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations investigated the aerodynamic performances and combustion characteristics of the chevron mixer inside a typical afterburner. Three types of mixer, namely, CC (chevrons tilted into core flow), CB (chevrons tilted into bypass flow), and CA (chevrons tilted into core flow and bypass flow alternately), respectively, were studied on the aerodynamic performances of mixing process. The chevrons arrangement has significant effect on the mixing characteristics and the CA mode seems to be advantageous for the generation of the stronger streamwise vortices with lower aerodynamic loss. Further investigations on combustion characteristics for CA mode were performed. Calculation results reveal that the local temperature distribution at the leading edge section of flame holder is improved under the action of streamwise vortices shedding from chevron mixers. Consequently, the combustion efficiency increased by 3.5% compared with confluent mixer under the same fuel supply scheme.


4-Aminophenol (4-AP) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant and contaminant of medicine, which is widely used in industries and daily life. Therefore, the development of a reliable sensor for determining the amount of 4-AP is of great importance for the protection of human and environmental health. Herein, by fabricating a Pd@CeO2 composite on a nanoporous gold-coated carbon fiber paper (NPG/CFP), the sensing properties for 4-AP can be largely enhanced. Combining the significant increase in the catalytic activity of the Pd@CeO2 composite (derived from the strong interactions between Pd and CeO2) with the NPG and NPG/CFP hierarchical porous structure having a high electrochemically active surface area, the electrode achieved excellent detection of 4-AP. It manifested an extremely high sensitivity of 75.4 μA μM−1 and 56.5 μA μM−1 in the concentration range from 0.005 μM to 0.03 μM and 0.03 μM to 9 μM, respectively. The detection limit reached as low as 4 nM under optimized conditions (S/N = 3). The electrode also possesses long-term stability and presents great anti-interference ability. All these results demonstrate that the electrode is a promising candidate for future sensors for monitoring 4-AP in water and pharmaceuticals.


Defects in innate immunity affect many different physiologic systems and several studies of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders demonstrated the importance of innate immune system components in disease prevention or colonization of bacterial pathogens. To assess the role of the innate immune system on nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, innate immune responses in pediatric S. aureus nasal persistent carriers (n=15) and non-carriers (n=15) were profiled by analyzing co-clustered gene sets (modules) identified through large-scale transcriptome data analysis as the basis for the development of a targeted assay. We stimulated previously frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these subjects with i) a panel of TLR ligands, ii) live S. aureus (either a mixture of strains or stimulation with respective carriage isolates), or iii) heat-killed S. aureus. We found no difference in responses between carriers and non-carriers when PBMCs were stimulated with a panel of TLR ligands. However, PBMCs stimulated with live S. aureus elicited a significantly different response that also differed from the response elicited following stimulation with dead S. aureus. Furthermore, we observed a distinct stimulation profile for PBMCs isolated from persistent carriers stimulated with their respective live or dead carriage strains compared to responses observed for PBMCs isolated from non-carriers that were similar regardless of whether or not the bacteria were alive or not. These data suggested that innate pathway signaling is different between persistent and non-carriers of S. aureus.


The Undip's campus movement from Undip Pleburan to Tembalang in
academic year 2010/2011 has made positive and negative impact for the region
and community in Tembalang. The impact of that campus movement involve
socio-cultural, economy, and environment aspect.
This study intend to (1) identify the impact in socio-cultural, economy, and
environment aspect due to Undip's campus movement from undip Pleburan to
Tembalang; (2) estimate positive and negative impact in socio-cultural, economy,
and environment aspect that due to Undip's campus movement from undip
Pleburan to Tembalang; (3) build the development strategy for region around the
Undip's Tembalang campus. This study used primary and secondary data. The
primary data of this study got from 41 respondents as sample used purposive
sampling method. The secondary data got from academic administration office of
Diponegoro university. To achieve the first and second purpose this study used
economic valuation method namely B/C analysis and risk assessment. Analysis
Hierarchy Proccess used to achieve the third purpose.
The Undip's campus movement from Undip Pleburan to Tembalang is a
feasible project. It is based on benefit and cost analysis where benefit/cost is 8.43
means >1. However, development strategies is still be required to make the region
around the Undip's Tembalang campus better. There are three aspect that
considered to build the development strategy namely socio-cultural, economy, and
environment aspect. Based on analysis, the first priority in build development
strategy is (1) repair damage roads (value 0.126); (2) new shops licensing
arrangements (value 0.10); (3) build the alternative pathway (value 0.90). The
results showed that special attention to solve negative impact in socio-cultural
and environment impact especially for criminality and congestion. The ways to do
are repair damage roads, new shops licensing arrangements, build the alternative
pathway, and community assembly


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive disease of motor neurons, resulting in worsening weakness of voluntary muscles until death from respiratory failure occurs after on average 3 years. Bedlack et al.1 found that as many as 25% of patients did not show disease progression on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–revised (ALSFRS-R) over the course of 6 months, and 16% over 12 months. Small reversals over shorter periods were also common (14%).


Diode edge-pumped microchip Yb:YAG/YAG laser with a special design of the optical resonator was combined with LBO crystal in the nonlinear mirror configuration to obtain high power mode locking operation. 84.8 MHz pulse repetition rate of mode-locking oscillation was obtained with an average power of 30-W in quasi-CW operation with 10% duty factor.


A population of Saliweckelia (Amphipoda) from Tortuga (Venezuela) is compared with populations from Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). Considerable variability in a number of characters, within and between the different populations, makes it difficult to ascertain the taxonomic status of the Tortugan specimens. It may not be excluded that all three populations belong to one variable species.


The goal of sea-bottom mosaicing is to georeference each sample of a side-scan image in an accurate manner as this image consists only in a time-sampled backscattering recording. Thus, a flat sea-bottom assumption is generally used to spatially relocate each sample according to the height of the sensor. In the case of altitude varying sea-bottom (slopes, ridges, etc.), this hypothesis clearly introduces a bias in the process. Thus, the author proposes an algorithm that takes into account the altitude information, acquired by a multibeam echosounder, when available. Therefore, this data fusion results in a 3D mosaic, the shape of which corresponds to the topology of the sea-bottom while its textural aspect is provided by the side-scan images.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) share clinical, neuropathological, and genetic features. This includes common genetic disease-causing mutations such as the expanded G4C2 repeat in the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS/FTLD) and cytoplasmic and insoluble protein depositions of the TDP-43 in degenerating regions of the brain and spinal cord. Proposed mechanisms of toxicity in C9-ALS/FTLD are the production of repeat expansion transcripts and their dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) products which are hypothesized to drive nucleocytoplasmic transport defects. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking by creating a selectivity and permeability barrier comprised of phenylalanine glycine nucleoporins (FG nups). However, the relationship between FG nups and TDP-43 pathology remains elusive. Here, we define two mechanisms through which TDP-43 promotes Nup62 nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic in C9-ALS/FTLD and sALS/FTLD. In C9-ALS/FTLD, poly-GR initiates the formation of TDP-43 containing stress granules (SGs) that trigger the nuclear loss and recruitment of Nup62 in vitro and in vivo. When colocalized, cytoplasmic TDP-43:Nup62 assemblies mature into insoluble inclusions through an interaction within the TDP-43 nuclear localization sequence (NLS) suggesting Nup62 promotes deleterious phase transitions. Absent of poly-GR, aberrant TDP-43 phase transitions in the cytoplasm recruits and mislocalizes Nup62 into pathological inclusions. The result of these cytoplasmic Nup62 and TDP-43 interactions are pathological and insoluble TDP-43:Nup62 assemblies that are observed in C9-ALS/FTLD and sALS/FTLD CNS tissue.


A Ground Based SAR Interferometer (GB-InSAR) was installed at Stromboli volcano (Italy) in February 2003 to continuously monitor the behaviour of the morphological depression known as Sciara del Fuoco, SdF, with alerting purposes. This was decided as a consequence of the collapse of a large landslide from the NW slope of the SdF and the subsequent tsunami occurred on December 2002. The GB-In SAR system, working at Ku band, was set up on the stable right flank of the SdF; it has been continuously working and during this last five years has permitted to follow the temporal and spatial evolution of the mass movement in the SdF and the crater. Interferometric maps have permitted to assess the deformation field over a large portion of the target area and to characterize different processes. The system allowed to observe in particular two main events occurred on 5 April 2003 (a major explosion) and on 27 February 2007 (beginning of the effusive phase) respectively. The potential of the use of DInSAR from satellite platforms working at C band to understand the dynamic of the whole volcano has been also investigated. Different images acquired from the ERS2, RADARSAT and ENVISAT satellites before and after the 2003 collapse of the landslide, and before and after the 2007 event, have been interferometrically processed as well. Notwithstanding the restricted number of available images, the ground deformation occurred on the island due to the volcanic activity has been obtained with spatial and temporal characteristics complementary to those ones provided by GB-InSAR.


The architecture of traditional historic cities in Algeria has specific spatial and constructive characteristics despite the influence of the Andalusian-Ottoman style. In the case of Cherchell (a historic city 100kms west of Algiers), the architectural elements interpret these architectural references. These elements exist in a complex archaeological, historic and cultural fabric based on architectural and urban analogies, reminders and references. The paper focuses on the typological study of the historic hammāms of Cherchell. It is aimed to analyse the diverse correlations between specific urban amenities and the residential fabric framed within the spatial organization, proportional modulation and structural modes. In this paper, the spatial organisation of the public baths of Cherchell is identified. It is a nodal spiral organization developed around the hot room. It follows the Ottoman spatial prototype of Algiers hammāms. However, the specific characteristic of Cherchell baths is in their constructive system for the roofing covering the central space of the hot room. The roofing consists of an octagonal dome, where the transition to the large square of the hot room is covered by trusses supporting tiled roofing, inspired by the domestic Cherchell architecture of that era.


Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a pathological activation of coagulation (blood clotting) mechanisms that happens in response to a variety of diseases. It involves the generation of intravascular fibrin (small blood clots) and the consumption of pro-coagulants and platelets. It results in the disruption of normal coagulation mechanism and abnormal bleeding occurs from the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and surgical wounds. It was the prospective study of 60 patients of acute DIC, in which coagulation profile were studied from December 2010 to October 2012. 40 controls were studied. Control group include healthy voluntary blood donors. The coagulation profile was studied and DIC scoring was performed using the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria. Among the coagulation profile, the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters to diagnose and to assess the severity of DIC, in the decreasing order of frequency were of platelet count, D-dimer, PT and APTT. Fibrinogen level was not depleted below the significant level (<1 gm/l) in majority cases of DIC. According to the ISTH criteria, DIC scores among cases was ≥ 5.


The postnatal thymus is a highly efficient microenvironment for promoting T cell specification and differentiation. However, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess age-dependent differences in differentiation potential into T or B cells, with fetal-type HSCs having a higher potential for producing B cells. The switch between fetal- and adult-type HSCs occurs in the perinatal period, associated with a transition from Lin28b to Let7 expression. We found that in Foxn1lacZ/lacZ mutant mice, which undergo premature thymic involution beginning at 1-2 weeks postnatally, the ETP and DN1a/b subsets were immediately and progressively reduced, while thymic B cells showed a transient increase peaking at around 3-4 weeks. Heterochronic chimeras showed that the capacity to produce B cells in mutant thymus was dependent on the age of HSCs, rather than the age of thymus. We further demonstrate that in thymic progenitor B cells, while Lin28b down regulation occurred normally, Let7g up regulation was impaired, repressing differentiation and promoting proliferation of progenitor B cells in Foxn1lacZ/lacZ thymus. Changes in the thymic microenvironment included progressive down regulation of CCL25, accelerated reduction of DL4 and a transient increase in IL7. Taken together, these data show that the switch from fetal-type to adult-type HSCs within thymus is controlled by thymic microenvironment at multiple levels, including lymphoid progenitor entry, fate specification, and differentiation.


In this work we analyze at a structural level the mechanism by which Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions compete for binding to the Aβ peptides that is involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. We collected X-ray absorption spectroscopy data on samples containing Aβ with Cu and Zn at different concentration ratios. We show that the order in which metals are added to the peptide solution matters and that, when Zn is added first, it prevents Cu from binding. On the contrary, when Cu is added first, it does not (completely) prevent Zn binding to Aβ peptides. Our analysis suggests that Cu and Zn ions are coordinated to different numbers of histidine residues depending on the [ion]:[peptide] concentration ratio.


There has recently been a growth in physical convergence in cultural heritage domains. Part 1 examines this 'trend', its drivers and related issues, with particular focus on public libraries and museums. It offers an overview of practice, challenges and opportunities. Through thematic analysis of a comprehensive, literature review of both domains that looked at the wider aspects of collaboration, cooperation, partnerships and integration in the sector as well as physical convergence, it provides insight into background, theory and activities worldwide. It presents discussion on the meaning of convergence, the concept of 'memory institutions', the relationship between public libraries and museums in the context of convergence, shared mission and values, convergence and re-convergence, and professionalism and divergence. It concludes with consideration of practical aspects such as motivations for convergence, including digital technology, changing user expectations and culture, and economic and political challenges that impact on physical convergence in a dynamic local government environment.


The impact of conflict and human rights violations have long been felt by children and youth, however, it is only in the past decade that this segment of the population has risen into focus in processes of transitional justice. With its origins in the transitions to democracy that took place in Latin America in the 1980s, the field of transitional justice focuses on the challenge that societies face in dealing with a legacy of mass abuse. Through a combination of approaches—notably truth commissions, reparations, trials, and institutional reform—transitional justice aims to provide recognition to victims and foster civic trust on the path towards long-term objectives of facilitating respect for rule of law, democracy, and a stable peace. Within the work of the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), factors from two very different contexts, Sierra Leone and Canada, discussed below, pointed out the need to pay greater attention to children and youth and to fashion effective strategies for including children while at the same time protecting them from trauma associated with revisiting an abusive past.


Treatment of human melanoma (BLM) cells for 48 hrs with progesterone resulted in a significant inhibition of cell growth. The mechanism of growth inhibition was due to autophagy and this action of progesterone was not mediated through progesterone receptor. As cells were floating during treatment, adhesion assay was performed, which showed complete loss of adhesion. When cells were allowed to recover after treatment by culturing in growth medium without progesterone, there was recovery in cell growth. Preliminary experiments on adhesion and recovery cell growth prompted us to suppress autophagic lysosomal degradation with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), which resulted in partial rescue of cell growth, adhesion and migration functions. The above experimental design gave rise to two experimental groups viz., progesterone treated and 3-MA rescued. Since, recovery studies also showed improvement in cell growth, progesterone treated and 3-MA rescued groups were allowed to recover on their own for first 48 hrs and then a second 48 hrs. Comparison of in-vitro cell growth, adhesion and migration functions of progesterone treated, 3-MA rescued and recovered human melanoma cells revealed that the recovery of 3-MA rescued cells was better than the recovery of progesterone treated cells in terms of cell growth and adhesion functions. These in-vitro experiments not only provided the scientific basis for epidemiological findings that menstruating females were better protected in melanoma, but also showed the potential of progesterone to act as an anti-cancer agent for melanoma treatment.


Nondermatologists fall naturally into two basic groups: those who minimize the importance of cutaneous disease and who try to ignore the skin, and those who do not. This book, the best of its genre, is for the latter, finding its primary niche as a dermatology text for generalists. Being thoroughly familiar with it would allow any physician to care for skin disease with a high degree of proficiency. By unburdening itself of lengthy histopathological descriptions and ponderous explanations of morphogenesis, the book achieves a lean, workmanlike style. Stripping away the esoteric leaves room for that which is more immediately useful. It is like a jeep, solid and reliable, or, perhaps more accurately, a shop manual for a jeep. The authors are not afraid of dispensing anecdotal reports or of generously sprinkling drug trade names when discussing treatment. This lends a feeling of informality and chattiness to the highly readable text.


Tree-killing bark beetles cause great economic and ecological damage worldwide. Several long-legged fly species of the genus Medetera are natural enemies of tree-killing bark beetles and are of interest as potential biological control agents. However, flies within the Medetera genus have been poorly studied to date, partly due to very difficult species identification that often requires studying the fine structures of male genital morphology. In this thesis, morphological analysis and barcoding were applied in species level identification of different Medetera specimens collected from the bark of Norway spruce trees in Southern Sweden infested with the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus. Adult Medetera flies use olfaction to locate bark beetle-infested trees. Olfactory cues (odours) are detected by various types of hair-like structures called sensilla distributed on the fly antennae and maxillary palps. This thesis shows that the number and subtypes of sensilla differs between M. signaticornis and M. infumata, the two most common species found at the study sites. Therefore, it is possible that these two species respond to different odours, or process the same odours in different ways. Further analysis showed that male and female M. signaticornis were able to detect more than 20 compounds emitted from Norway spruce trees infested with I. typographus. These compounds included metabolites produced by the trees and also compounds produced by bark beetles and associated microorganisms. Such detection of odours from different trophic levels by Medetera flies may facilitate the location of infested trees throughout a bark beetle attack. Multiple comparisons of synthetic blends containing different combinations of these compounds demonstrated that some compounds (e.g. (– )-cis-verbenol, ipsdienol, myrtenol, αand γ-terpinene; limonene, camphor, terpinen-4ol and borneol) were more important than others in the attraction of Medetera species. Overall, the findings presented in this thesis can facilitate identification and monitoring of Medetera flies and might help to improve management of I. typographus in the future.


There is a strand of the economics literature that considers the regionalized economic effects of natural resource endowments. The so-called Natural Resource Curse suggests that natural resource endowments are associated with lower long-term growth rates in the areas in which the resources are located. Lower growth arises because these areas tend to specialize in the development and exploitation of the natural resources at the expense of other dynamic economic activities that offer higher long-term growth potential. Empirical evidence has, however, not reached consistent conclusions. In this paper, we take advantage of the rapid growth in oil and gas development and production in Texas over the course of a decade to consider the localized effects on inter-industry county-level employment at the NAICS-2, county-level mean and median income, and key public finance measures at both the county and school district levels. Considering the effects within a single, large and economically diverse state enables us to control for important state-level variables that influence local public fiances. We find little evidence of short term effects necessary to generate the circumstance of a resource curse over the longer term.


This article seeks to discuss masculinity and sexual abuse from a narrative point of view by examining the Dutch autobiographical novel I, Jan Cremer (1964). In its extensive celebration of its protagonist's physical strength, social autonomy, aggression, emotional restraint and excessive promiscuity, I, Jan Cremer, generally recognized as an icon of sexual liberation in the sixties, can be seen as exemplary for dominant narratives on masculinity. As such, the book also demonstrates the incompatibility of these narratives with the idea of sexual victimhood, especially if the perpetrator is a woman. A close reading of the novel demonstrates how the first-person narrator forcefully imposes his masculine self-image on his victimized self, up to a point where the narrative becomes inconsistent.


Author(s): Torres, Andres Israel | Abstract: Many studies have been conducted on the environmental impact of automotive vehicles, but less research has been done on the effects of orbital launch vehicles. This literature review addresses the question, what are the environmental effects of reusable rockets? The environmental effects that are considered include pollution to the atmosphere, soil, and Low Earth Orbit in the form of space debris. Also, reusable orbital launch vehicles are specifically considered because their reduced costs could increase launch frequency. The impact of rockets in general has been difficult to quantify because rockets are not launched very often, and they mostly operate in space. Research has shown that launch prices are decreasing while their total environmental effects is unknown (Jones, 2018). However, research agrees that space debris is a considerable threat to future space activity that will only get worse, but there is no consensus as to when the problem will be too great (Noble, Almanee, Shakir, a Sungmin Park, Apr 2016; Sliz-Balogh, Horvath, Szabo, a Horvath, 2020).When considering reusable orbital launch vehicles, it is specified that these types of vehicles are rockets that can insert payloads with considerable mass into orbit around Earth or even away from Earth into deep space. There are many rockets currently operational with this capability, but only two are reusable at the time: The Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. Unlike their conventional counterparts, these rockets do not eject and discard their first stage. Instead, they recover and reuse it. However, conventional and reusable rockets are similar because they discard their second stage after their payloads have been deployed.The research conducted in this literature review was taken from databases accessed through the UC Merced library website. They include Engineering Village, Web of Science, Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, etc. Ten sources were referenced which were found using several key search terms including reusable, rocket*, pollution, propellant, space, debris, exploration, etc. Some of the terms were searched in combinations using key phrases like reusable rocket, space debris, rockets AND pollution, etc. Due to the limited research on the environmental effects of rockets on the ocean, it was not mentioned. For example, there were ninety-seven and fifty-eight results under the phrase rocket AND ocean, in Engineering Village and IEEE Xplore databases respectively. None of the papers had anything to do with environmental effects.


The line integrated line emission measured by neutron spectrometers at JET along sight lines in the vertical and horizontal planes has been simulated in Monte Carlo calculations to determine the relationship between the measured (effective) ion temperature (T(eff)) relative to the peak value of the profile (T(0)). The general sight line dependence of (T(eff)) was expressed analytically for circular plasmas which was used to explain the simulated results for the actual JET sight lines. The analytical model with parametrization of sight lines and plasma profiles is described and the results are used to discuss dual sight line measurements that can be tested at JET and its forward implications for study burning (nearly thermal) plasmas of ITER.


The present study examines a causal model explaining inner city youths' drug involvement using environmental variables which previously have been investigated singly or in various combinations and shown to influence drug use: the availability of drugs in the neighborhood and at school, a view of the neighborhood as tough, the esteem given to drug using, gang-involved persons by peers, friends' substance use, and participation in drug/street culture spare-time activities. The results show friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and participation in drug/street culture out-of-school activities have strong direct effects on personal drug involvement for the Black and Puerto Rican junior high school males and females who were studied; further, friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and the status peers give to drug using, gang-involved persons have respectable indirect effects on drug involvement for the four groups. In addition to these common features, a number of differences in the factors relating to drug involvement are found in the four groups. Implications of the results for alternative methods of drug abuse prevention and treatment are discussed, as is the necessity of utilizing an environmental, sociocultural view of drug use to adequately explain youth drug taking.


Abstract Firstly, this paper aims to provide new theoretical insights in the study of literary symbolism with the support of Relevance Theory, Lexical Pragmatics and some contributions of second-generation cognitive sciences. Specifically, it proposes that the meaning of literary symbol consists on the tension between a "literal" meaning and a not paraphrasable abstract meaning. Furthermore, literary symbol needs of a specific communicative context: the "symbolic reading", whose features are defined. In order to analyze the meaning of literary symbol a perspective close to contextualism has been taken. So, we consider that meanings are underdeterminated and context is always needed to obtain them. The tension between the literal and the abstract meaning is explained with the aid of Rayo´s grab bag model of language mastery and Relevance Theory accounts of metaphor comprehension. Lastly, this framework is applied to the analysis of Juan Eduardo Cirlot's works, with special attention to his permutation poetry.


Summary Based on a request for information (RFI) 1 submitted to The University Community Next Generation Innovation Project (Gig.U), the paper describes a model for universities to develop next generation broadband infrastructure in their communities. In our view universities can play a critical role in spurring next generation networks into their communities through use of their physical infrastructure to extend high-speed Internet access and sharing their expertise and resources to support engagement and participation by community members, businesses, and institutions. We propose a network model that integrates both high-capacity fiber deployments to community anchor institutions along with community-driven wireless mesh deployments, a device-as-infrastructure network architecture that operates using commonly available WiFi equipment, to create connectivity for local neighborhoods. The model enables universities and communities to 1) provide affordable, scalable broadband access to end-users; 2) empower and engage community members through a collaborative deployment process; and 3) create a sustainable ecosystem of connectivity to further drive community development. In addition to expanding next-generation high-speed Internet access, the model allows for the creation of a community-wide intranet to develop local applications and serve as a platform for community data collection and research to better understand challenges relating to mobility, health, safety, urban management, and education. The paper also provides recommendations for universities to engage and identify local stakeholders and needs, build and finance network infrastructure, and for engaging community members in the build-out of wireless mesh networks.


Examples of parallel evolution of phenotypic traits have been repeatedly demonstrated in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across their global distribution. Using these as a model, we performed a targeted genome scan—focusing on physiologically important genes potentially related to freshwater adaptation—to identify genetic signatures of parallel physiological evolution on a global scale. To this end, 50 microsatellite loci, including 26 loci within or close to (<6 kb) physiologically important genes, were screened in paired marine and freshwater populations from six locations across the Northern Hemisphere. Signatures of directional selection were detected in 24 loci, including 17 physiologically important genes, in at least one location. Although no loci showed consistent signatures of selection in all divergent population pairs, several outliers were common in multiple locations. In particular, seven physiologically important genes, as well as reference ectodysplasin gene (EDA), showed signatures of selection in three or more locations. Hence, although these results give some evidence for consistent parallel molecular evolution in response to freshwater colonization, they suggest that different evolutionary pathways may underlie physiological adaptation to freshwater habitats within the global distribution of the threespine stickleback.


The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enteroaggregative E.coli obtained from children of Thi-qar
suffered from diarrhea through PCR detection of virulence factors (aggR, astA, pic) antibiotic resistance and
extended spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) production. The investigation included collection 430 stool samples
from diarrheic children under five years involved both gender and 40 samples as a control from healthy
children , were consulted in (Bint al- Huda Hospital for Gynecology obstetrics and pediatrics , Al-Mousawi
hospital and private clinics laboratory ) at a period extended from 10th December 2018 -21th July 2019. A
total of the isolates were diagnosed by different laboratory and molecular method. PCR diagnosis confirmed
the distribution of genes (aggR and astA) within EAEC were (66% and 53%), respectively. The highest
resistance to antibiotics was (100%) to ceftazidime and cefpodoxime , (97% ) to ceftriaxone, followed by
(96%) for Ampicillin, Sulfa-Trimethoprim and cefuroxime, respectively, and cefixime, amoxiclav, Cefotaxim
and Tetracycline (94.8%), (92.3%), (85%) and (78.2%), respectively. While the medium resistance was
(55.13%) for each of ciprofloxacin , piperacillin-tazobactam, respectively, and Amikacin (51%). While
the lowest resistance was to Gentamicin (30.7%) and Imipenem (26.9%). EAEC isolates were multidrug
resistance in average 64/66 (96.97%).