Objective: To determine the concentrations of microtubule associated protein tau and multiple phosphorylated tau epitopes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD), dementias, and controls, in order to evaluate their diagnostic use and clinical relevance. Methods: The CSF concentrations of total tau and phosphorylated tau at epitope 181 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 66 definite and nine probable sCJD patients, and in 97 controls. Other phosphorylated tau epitopes were investigated by western blot. Results: In the sCJD population, determination of 14-3-3 protein and total tau protein concentrations was of the highest diagnostic value, with a sensitivity of 96% and 92%, respectively, and a specificity of 94% and 97%. Two distinct subgroups could be identified among the 75 sCJD patients based on the detection of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 and serines 199, 202, and 404. A high phosphorylated tau concentration was clinically correlated with a significantly shorter disease duration, early onset of akinetic mutism, and a higher rate of typical EEGs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the determination of phosphorylated tau levels cannot be used as a diagnostic biomarker, it may prove useful for estimating the prognosis of an sCJD patient. These experiments reconfirm that sCJD is a disease with a complex pathology.


Through this software the authors aim to promote the sharing of network logs within the research community. The (k, j)obfuscation technique opens sundry interesting future directions. In fact, many networking and security tasks can be re-thought based on obfuscated datasets, for instance, quality of service (QoS), traffic classification, anomaly detection and more.


Electrodynamic dust shield (EDS) has been proposed as a potential anti-dust solution for terrestrial solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation in dusty environments. EDS typically uses square wave alternating high voltage, but the actual voltage waveform on the EDS is trapezoidal, with the voltage rise time dependent on the high voltage source's current capacity, especially for real-world applications, where the EDS devices' dimensions are large. It is therefore necessary to address the effect of voltage rise time on EDS efficiency. In this study, we measured the EDS efficiency by keeping the peak-to-peak voltage constant at 6 kVpp while varying the voltage rise time by adjusting the high voltage source's maximum output current from 0.2 to 40 mA, corresponding to voltage rise time from about 100 ms to a fraction of a millisecond. The EDS was operated in both the single-operation mode and the cyclic-operation mode. In the single-operation mode, voltage rise time affected the EDS efficiency in a complex manner and showed interactions with other factors. In the cyclic-operation mode, with the three faster voltage rise times the EDS efficiency was statistically indistinguishable at about 33%, but it became significantly lower, at 14%, with the slowest voltage rise. The finding shows that high voltage sources should be able to provide sufficiently fast voltage rises for EDS to be efficient in removing dust from solar PV modules.


Dysregulation of the epigenetic enzyme-mediated transcription of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes is closely associated with the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Based on the reversibility of epigenetic mechanisms, small-molecule compounds that target epigenetic regulation have become promising therapeutics. These compounds target epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including DNA methylases, histone modifiers (methylation and acetylation), enzymes that specifically recognize post-translational modifications, chromatin-remodeling enzymes, and post-transcriptional regulators. Few compounds have been used in clinical trials and exhibit certain therapeutic effects. Herein, we summarize the classification and therapeutic roles of compounds that target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in cancer treatment. Finally, we highlight how the natural compounds berberine and ginsenosides can target epigenetic regulatory enzymes to treat cancer.


Pangandaran as a new autonomous region has a great potential in tourism, Pantai Pangandaran, Cagar Alam Pananjung, Pantai Batu Hiu, Pantai Batu Karas, Pantai Madasari, Green Canyon, Citumang. Therefore, this vision is: "Pangandaran in 2025 became a worldwide tourism district, a place to stay safe and comfortable based on religious norms". In Pantai Pananjung tourism, there are many things remaining to be managed. They are road infrastructure and other facilities such as garbage management, street vendors and parking arrangement.To realize this vision, it is necessary to create a model that is most appropriate to develop tourism through the development of green
tourism. Therefore, the authors conduct research on "Simulation Model Dynamic Systems Development of Sustainable Tourism to boost economic growth in Pangandaran".
The purpose of this study is to determine the model of dynamic systems development of Pantai Pangandaran tourism need to be implemented by the local government. The research was conducted by applying dynamic system simulations
to determine the conditions and characteristics of the place within the next 10 years oriented to social, economic and environmental. This study is a combination of exploratory and causal research. The result shows that the development of tourism of Pantai Pangandaran is influenced by socio- economic conditions and the environment and the ability of
financial resources. They have implications for economic growth. Socio-economic factors such as national and local Budget investment and the 3rd parties to conduct
the development of sustainable tourism. It means that the cooperation must be conducted among the Government, the Local Government and the third party to allow eligibility financially to carry out sustainable development. However, sustainable tourism development is inseparable from the preservation of the environment. Therefore, the construction is obliged to implement the environmental analysis that
is capable in overcoming garbage as the impact of increasing population and a number of visitors. Therefore, the pollution of air, soil and water can be prevented.
Furthermore, an increase in investment, the productivity of agriculture, industry and service sectors increased will increase people's income and foreign exchange area and
the GDP as well as the ability of curbing inflation and ultimately to increase regional economic growth.

Keyword : Dynamic system, tourism, green environmental, economic growth


Christine Carpenter's influential work on late-medieval English society aspires to encompass a wide spectrum of human experience. Her vision of "total" history embeds the study of politics in a multi-dimensional social framework which ranges from mentalities and ideology to economy and geography. This collection of essays celebrates Professor Carpenter's achievement by drawing attention to the social underpinning of political culture; the articles reflect the range of her interests, chronologically from the thirteenth century to the sixteenth, and thematically from ideology and culture, through government and its officials, the nobility, gentry and yeomanry, the law and the church, to local society. The connection between centre and locality pervades the volume, as does the interplay of the ideological and cultural with the practical and material. The essays highlight both how ideas were moulded in political debate and action, and how their roots sprang from social pressures and interests. It also emphasises the wider cultural aspects of topics too-easily conceived as local and material. Benjamin Thompson is Fellow and Tutor in History at Somerville College, Oxford; John Watts is Professor of Later Medieval History at the University of Oxford and Fellow and Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Contributors: Jackson Armstrong, Caroline Burt, Tony Moore, Richard Partington, Ted Powell, Andrea Ruddick, Andrew Spencer, Benjamin Thompson, John Watts, Theron Westervelt, Jenny Wormald.


Turbulence is a crucial factor in many models of planet formation, but it has only been directly constrained among a small number of planet-forming disks. Building on the upper limits on turbulence placed in disks around HD 163296 and TW Hya, we present ALMA CO J = 2–1 line observations at ∼0.″3 (20–50 au) resolution and 80 ms−1 channel spacing of the disks around DM Tau, MWC 480, and V4046 Sgr. Using parametric models of disk structure, we robustly detect nonthermal gas motions around DM Tau of between 0.25cs and 0.33cs, with the range dominated by systematic effects, making this one of the only systems with directly measured nonzero turbulence. Using the same methodology, we place stringent upper limits on the nonthermal gas motion around MWC 480 (<0.08cs) and V4046 Sgr (<0.12cs). The preponderance of upper limits in this small sample and the modest turbulence levels consistent with dust studies suggest that weak turbulence (α ≲ 10−3) may be a common, albeit not universal, feature of planet-forming disks. We explore the particular physical conditions around DM Tau that could lead this system to be more turbulent than the others.


Fluoroscopic units can irradiate an area outside the displayed field of view (FOV) which provides no additional information to the fluoroscopist and may significantly increase the integral dose to the patient. This unnecessary exposure can be reduced using region of interest (ROI) filtration techniques to attenuate the x rays peripheral to the ROI as well as outside the displayed FOV [Granger et al., Med. Phys. 23, 1059 (1996)]. A survey was conducted to quantitatively determine the deviation between the total exposed area and the displayed FOV on 18 fluoroscopic x-ray units which have different shaped collimation. A film was taken in fluoroscopic mode and the area of the FOV was determined from the image of markers placed at the edge of the displayed FOV. For each unit, a measurement was made for each magnification mode at various source to image distances. The measured difference between the total exposed area and the area of the displayed FOV ranged between 5% and 32% for units meeting federal compliance standards and between 22% and 48% for units which were found to be out of compliance. The results of the survey and the application of ROI imaging techniques as a possible method to reduce dose due to inexact fluoroscopic collimation are presented.


This article discusses documents, knowledge, and truth through a conceptual examination and through an examination of Flaubert's 19th century novel Madame Bovary. It argues that the main characters of Madame Bovary deceive themselves by believing that the contents of the fictional and medical texts they read convey truth. In contrast, the article argues that modern knowledge is constituted by documentary evidence operating in knowledge networks and processes where the result of such operations is what can be claimed to be true about the world through such processes. The representational malady that Madame and Doctor Bovary suffer in the novel was a common one among the emerging bourgeoisie of the time, but it is also a common one today, with the internet as the site of this plague.


Electronic devices consume energy both in the production and the use phase. Furthermore, the "hidden" impacts linked to their use are not frequently assessed and they depend on the behavior of the users, besides the servers and complex web networks. It must be underlined that many websites employ ads and trackers as part of their monetization strategy and, in order for online ads and trackers to work, they add an additional code to be executed on the users' machines, which in turn requires more processing power. Considering that the Internet had an estimated 4.9 billion users in 2021, the global energy and carbon impacts of online ads and trackers might be significant. To investigate this phenomenon, we designed a novel automated framework for bottom‐up estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to software using exclusively free and open source software. Our process involved the building of a random sample of global news websites which we visited with and without an ad‐blocker, each time collecting power usage in identical conditions. The gathered data were put into an ordinary least squares (OLS)‐based linear regression model, which showed that ads and trackers on news websites require on average an additional 6.13 W of power on personal computers. This result was then tuned to global environmental and technological parameters to estimate that in 2019, on the client side, ads and trackers on the news websites consumed 0.61 TWh of electrical energy, emitted 0.29 MtCO2eq of GHG, and cost all Internet users approximately 140 million USD (purchasing power parity) of electrical energy. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.


This study examines the relation between selection power and selection labor for information retrieval (IR). It is the first part of the development of a labor theoretic approach to IR. Existing models for evaluation of IR systems are reviewed and the distinction of operational from experimental systems partly dissolved. The often covert, but powerful, influence from technology on practice and theory is rendered explicit. Selection power is understood as the human ability to make informed choices between objects or representations of objects and is adopted as the primary value for IR. Selection power is conceived as a property of human consciousness, which can be assisted or frustrated by system design. The concept of selection power is further elucidated, and its value supported, by an example of the discrimination enabled by index descriptions, the discovery of analogous concepts in partly independent scholarly and wider public discourses, and its embodiment in the design and use of systems. Selection power is regarded as produced by selection labor, with the nature of that labor changing with different historical conditions and concurrent information technologies. Selection labor can itself be decomposed into description and search labor. Selection labor and its decomposition into description and search labor will be treated in a subsequent article, in a further development of a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Background : Hepatitis C is an infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulting to a chronic hepatitis. Chronic HCV infection constitutes a serious public health challenge in Nigeria where donor blood is not routinely screened for HCV. Patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are considered a subset of the population at higher risk of acquiring the virus, due to their frequent needs for transfusion of blood and its products. Other risk factors like scarification markings, tattooing, and circumcision also predispose children to acquiring this infection. However, the magnitude of HCV infection has not been adequately measured in our general population and specific data on HCV in SCA patients are scanty, hence a prospective case controlled study to determine the risk factors that predispose to the acquisition of hepatitis C Virus infection. Objective : To determine the risk factors for Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Seropositivity among transfused children with SCA in Ilorin. Subjects and Method : Eighty two transfused SCA children aged 6 months to 14 years were recruited consecutively from February 2008 to January 2009 while eighty four non transfused SCA children of the same age range recruited over the same period served as controls. Hepatitis C virus Antibody screening was done using a second generation ELISA method. Information on the study population were collected by use of a pretested questionnaire by the investigator. Results : There was a positive correlation between numbers of units of blood transfused and seropositivity. Those who had three or more units of blood had a prevalence rate of more than 50%. There was a strong correlation between seropositivity and scarification marks in both subjects and controls (p=0.001 and 0.02 respectively). Other plausible risk factors for hepatitis C infection tested in this study included circumcision and sharing of clippers which showed no statistically significant difference. No cases of tattooing, drug abuse, needle sharing or sexual activities were seen in this study. Conclusion : Transfused SCA patients belong to a high risk group for hepatitis C virus infection compared to the nontransfused population. The risk of acquisition increases with higher number of transfusions and scarifications marks. Key words : Hepatitis C virus, Sickle cell anaemia, Risk factors, Blood transfusion.


D2D stands for device-to-device communication, which is likely to perform a major impact in future mobile communications because it offers ultra-low latency for end user's direct conversation. Throughout minimizing latency, increasing strength and improved transmission efficiency, and expanding telecommunication services, D2D services are seen as a successful innovation for emerging mobile communications. The D2D networking makes a unique contribution to the wireless world by simplifying data transfer among devices connected. D2D networking makes use of adjacent two nodes to maximize the use of existing infrastructure, low latency, boost throughput and expand service functionality. Within wireless networks, D2D communication is described as immediate interaction among two mobile devices without passing through the access point or network infrastructure. The fully integrated wireless communication would be built by integrating D2D and the Internet of Things. D2D enables the larger number of devices to be paired at a higher bandwidth frequency and with minimum latency. Building a new reliable framework for D2D communication of smart devices can be an important framework for improving the reliability of communication. Internet of Things is the process of communicating and sharing information between nearby devices. But there are many challenges to secure and reliable communication. Amongst the major concerns for wireless transmission has been identified as communication trust, and overcoming this issue could lead to sustained expansion in the usage and popularity of the Internet of Things. The proposed study develops a system for providing internet access to a network of smart devices connected to the internet of things. The significant contributions link the latest findings that incorporate the interaction framework's stability and provides secure internet networking for connected devices.


Washi: The Art of Japanese Paper is a book written in conjunction with the exhibition of the same name, which was held at the Gallery at Norwich University of the Arts in March and April 2013. It makes available, post-exhibition, two important collections of the Japanese handmade paper locally called washi. These are the Parkes Collection of nineteenth-century washi, which is a part of the samples collected by Sir Harry Parkes, a British minister in Tokyo, in 1871, currently housed in the Economic Botany Collection at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, and a collection of contemporary washi built by the Soul of Japan Committee, brought together in 2011 after years of fieldwork. The two collections define the scope of the book, through which Casserley offers an insight into the cultural, historical, functional and creative uses of washi in Japan from the nineteenth century to the present.


Recently, out-of-order execution, an important performance optimization in modern high-end processors, has been revealed to pose a significant security threat, allowing information leaks across security domains. In particular, the Meltdown attack leaks information from the operating system kernel to user space, completely eroding the security of the system. To address this and similar attacks, without incurring the performance costs of software countermeasures, Intel includes hardware-based defenses in its recent Coffee Lake R processors.
In this work, we show that the recent hardware defenses are not sufficient. Specifically, we present Fallout, a new transient execution attack that leaks information from a previously unexplored microarchitectural component called the store buffer. We show how unprivileged user processes can exploit Fallout to reconstruct privileged information recently written by the kernel. We further show how Fallout can be used to bypass kernel address space randomization. Finally, we identify and explore microcode assists as a hitherto ignored cause of transient execution.
Fallout affects all processor generations we have tested. However, we notice a worrying regression, where the newer Coffee Lake R processors are more vulnerable to Fallout than older generations.


Interconnecting the distributed energy resources with the grid, which forms a distributed energy systems, is a promising way to enable renewable energy integration and to solve global problems such as energy crisis and climate change. Voltage regulation is a necessary requirement in the distributed energy systems, particularly in the systems operating in the island mode and serving the voltage-sensitive loads. In this study, a voltage and active power control scheme is proposed. To achieve high-performance voltage regulation, an adaptive fuzzy-neural controller, which is robust, adaptive, and capable of learning, is presented. The learning mechanism is derived based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach to guarantee the convergence of the control system.


The inability to detect associations between diet and serum cholesterol in cross-sectional population studies has been attributed to measurement error in diet assessments and between-subject variability in lipid concentrations. Current statistical methods can reduce the effects of measurement error and allow within-subject comparisons when replicate measures on individuals are available, even if the time between replicates is as long as 4 y and replicate data are not available for all subjects. Data from 928 nondiabetic participants of the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study with measures of 24-h dietary intake and fasting lipid concentrations at baseline, at a 4-y follow-up visit, or both were analyzed in a random-effects model that allowed for an unbalanced design. Sex was included as a non-time-varying covariate and age, body mass index, and energy intake were included as time-varying covariates. The findings when LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) was regressed on saturated fat intake (20 g/d) with all observations in a random-effects model (beta = 0.14, P = 0.0016) were compared with results with observations restricted to the first visit only (beta = 0.05, P = 0.52), a balanced design using averages across visits (beta = -0.12, P = 0.28), and a balanced design with random effects obtained by excluding subjects without two observations (beta = 0.12, P = 0.0092). Study power was greatest in the random-effects model using all observations and time-varying covariates. These findings highlight the importance of even a single replicate observation on a subsample of subjects. We recommend analyzing all data rather than averaging measures across visits or omitting observations to create a balanced design.


A study on electro-magnetically driven shock in laboratory experiments is reported. The shock waves are driven by a compact pulse device at 40 km/s into a high-Z gas with 1 μg/cm3. The pulse power device with tapered electrodes can generate a quasi steady and one-dimensional shock. Ion-electron and ionization relaxation processes, based on a steady and 1-Dimensional shock condition, are calculated. Comparison of the experimental result to calculation one indicates that the shocks produced by the pulse power device have potential to observe ion-electron and ionization relaxation layer with an appropriate spatial scale.


We develop a new automatic Object of Interest detection method for image trimming and a novel tracking technique in active videos. Both applications consist of salient region detection and feature matching. We deploy a color-saliency weighted Probability-of-Boundary (cPoB) map to detect salient regions. Scale Space Image Pyramid (SSIP) feature matching is proposed for image trimming. An image pyramid is created to imitate the view point change for stable keypoint selection. Successive Classification Maximum Similarities (SCMS) feature matching is used for tracking. A strong classifier trained by AdaBoost is utilized for keypoint classification and subsequent Linear Programming rejects outliers. The object-centered property of Active Video is highly beneficial because it captures the essence of Human Visual Attention and facilitates self-initialization in tracking. Experiments demonstrate the importance of saliency detection and feature matching and confirm that our approach can automatically detect salient regions in images and track reliably in videos.


Habitat maps are frequently invoked as surrogates of biodiversity to aid the design of networks of marine reserves. Maps are used to maximize habitat heterogeneity in reserves because this is likely to maximize the number of species protected. However, the technique's efficacy is limited by intra-habitat variability in the species present and their abundances. Although communities are expected to vary among patches of the same habitat, this variability is poorly documented and rarely incorporated into reserve planning. To examine intra-habitat variability in coral-reef fishes, we generated a data set from eight tropical coastal habitats and six islands in the Bahamian archipelago using underwater visual censuses. Firstly, we provide further support for habitat heterogeneity as a surrogate of biodiversity as each predefined habitat type supported a distinct assemblage of fishes. Intra-habitat variability in fish community structure at scales of hundreds of kilometers (among islands) was significant in at least 75% of the habitats studied, depending on whether presence/absence, density, or biomass data were used. Intra-habitat variability was positively correlated with the mean number of species in that habitat when density and biomass data were used. Such relationships provide a proxy for the assessment of intra-habitat variability when detailed quantitative data are scarce. Intra-habitat variability was examined in more detail for one habitat (forereefs visually dominated by Montastraea corals). Variability in community structure among islands was driven by small, demersal families (e.g., territorial pomacentrid and labrid fishes). Finally, we examined the ecological and economic significance of intra-habitat variability in fish assemblages on Montastraea reefs by identifying how this variability affects the composition and abundances of fishes in different functional groups, the key ecosystem process of parrotfish grazing, and the ecosystem service of value of commercially important finfish. There were significant differences in a range of functional groups and grazing, but not fisheries value. Variability at the scale of tens of kilometers (among reefs around an island) was less than that among islands. Caribbean marine reserves should be replicated at scales of hundreds of kilometers, particularly for species-rich habitats, to capture important intra-habitat variability in community structure, function, and an ecosystem process.


The actual methods to evaluate total DNA methylation based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are long and tedious due to the specific running buffers required. In this work, a new open‐tube capillary electrophoresis system has been applied to the separation of acid hydrolyzed genomic DNA and so, to the evaluation of genomic DNA methylation. Several running conditions were tested but separation of cytosine and 5‐methyl‐cytosine was only possible by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle system. The importance of sample dissolution preparation has also been demonstrated. The results of this study open up the possibility of quantification of the relative methylation degree of rapid genomic DNA by a simple method based on high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE).


The state innovation policy of modern Russia has been analyzed in the article. The problems of the existing model of formation and implementation of the state innovation policy have been considered. This direction of policy has been studied from the standpoint of institutional, technological and time components, which allows us to characterize the modern model of the state innovation policy of Russia as a model implemented "top-down", as the center of decision-making was shifted towards the state in the face of government agencies and decision-makers with minimal consideration of the views of other stakeholders. The subject of this study is the interaction of political institutions in the formation and implementation of the state innovation policy of Russia. The role of small and medium-sized enterprises of scientific, technical and innovative orientation in the studied processes as the most "sensitive" market needs has been emphasized, the focus has been shifted to increase the responsibility of the first persons of the regions for regional innovative development, as well as to the nominal nature of the state priority of innovative development of Russia. As a methodological basis, a system-dynamic approach is used, which allows you to reveal systematically the shortcomings of the current system, expressed in the limited interaction of political institutions, their communication and the quality of partnerships. This is largely due to the symbolic (nominal) political demand for such development and the weak setting, optimal for the development of innovation, socio-political environment. The conclusion has been made, that it is possible to correct the current state of affairs when changing: the legal support of the innovation sphere, the subject composition of the participants in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of innovation and the conditions for the development and growth of innovation.


The paper deals with an assessment of cost efficiency of farms in 2006–2009 based on a sample of farms classified according to the cost/revenue ratio. The analysis of the sample of 101 farms revealed that the return to scale effect is not significant compared to other effects so that the real increase of the production volume may not determine the dynamic of the profit. The massive shift of farms with increasing cost efficiency to the category of the decreased cost efficiency reflects a significant influence of external conditions to the profit/loss of farms. A positive development of prices in 2007 has influenced an increased cost efficiency of the majority of sample farms. in 2008, the increased prices of agricultural inputs intensively influenced the development of the revenue function. The increase of variable costs influenced by increased input prices has wasted reserves resulted from the production use of fixed costs and the return to scale and caused a significant decrease of profit.


Computer simulations of a simplified radial 132, 66 and 22 kV system including a 5 MVA hydro power unit, has been performed in order to assess the hydro unit's fault-ridethrough (FRT) capability, with special emphasis on the Critical Clearing Time (CCT) of the unit. The results show that there is a significant difference in CCT when the disturbance reflects a realistic fault in the system, i.e. a fault that reflects changes in both voltage magnitude and phase angle, compared with a disturbance for which only the change in voltage magnitude is taken into account. Since requirements regarding fault-ride-through (FRT) capability found in most of today's national grid codes are defined via a specified transient voltage vs. time disturbance profile, the paper therefore suggests that these requirements should be extended to include also corresponding phase angle vs. time disturbance profiles. (4 pages)


Carefully balancing load in distributed stream processing systems has a fundamental impact on execution latency and throughput. Load balancing is challenging because real-world workloads are skewed: some tuples in the stream are associated to keys which are significantly more frequent than others. Skew is remarkably more problematic in large deployments: having more workers implies fewer keys per worker, so it becomes harder to "average out" the cost of hot keys with cold keys. We propose a novel load balancing technique that uses a heavy hitter algorithm to efficiently identify the hottest keys in the stream. These hot keys are assigned to d ≥ 2 choices to ensure a balanced load, where d is tuned automatically to minimize the memory and computation cost of operator replication. The technique works online and does not require the use of routing tables. Our extensive evaluation shows that our technique can balance real-world workloads on large deployments, and improve throughput and latency by 150% and 60% respectively over the previous state-of-the-art when deployed on Apache Storm.


BackgroundOne of the most extensively applied animal feed additives is yeast culture (YC), which can increase production efficiency by altering gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota. However, its use is still limited in waterfowl. Geese are the ideal model to study the interaction between dietary and GIT, due to their adaptation to consume different roughage sources. Therefore, the effect of YC supplementation at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0%) on the GIT microbiota of geese was investigated in the present study. ResultsThree hundred Sichuan white geese with healthy and similar body weight (BW: 95.57 ± 2.42 g) were randomly divided into five groups: i) basal diet (control), ii) basal diet+0.5%YC (treat1), iii) basal diet+1.0% YC (treat2), iv) basal diet+2.0% YC (treat3), and v) basal diet+4.0% YC (treat4). After 10 weeks, slaughter and collected the cecum contents, then analysis GIT microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that YC supplementation did not significantly affect α-diversity (P >0.05). Principal coordinates analysis showed an obvious separation between control and treat4. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes whereas the predominant genera were Alistipes and Desulfovibrionaceae. The relative abundance of Firmicutes significantly increased in the treat1 group, whereas that of Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in the treat4 group. Dietary YC increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, such as Parabacteroides, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, particularly in group treat2. Furthermore, treat3 significantly improved the body weight and feed utilization of geese.ConclusionCollectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary YC supplementation tends to increase species diversity and richness of GIT microbiota in geese. This increases the proportion of beneficial bacteria which improves amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, YC increases the relative abundance of Firmicutes that promote energy utilization and nutrition absorption, thereby improving the growth performance of geese. This dietary strategy based on feed additives is an effective method to maintain the health of the geese GIT and to improve growth efficiency.


In this paper, we propose an efficient groupwise morphometric analysis to characterize morphological variations between healthy and pathological states. The proposed framework extends the work of Baloch [4] in which a manifold for each anatomy was constructed by collecting lossless [transformation, residual] descriptors with various transformation parameters, and the optimal set of transformation parameters was estimated individually by minimizing group variance. However, full parameter exploration is not desired as it can result in transformation leading to inaccurate anatomical models. In addition, a single fixed template introduces a priori bias to subsequent statistical analysis. In order to overcome these limitations, we use an affinity propagation clustering method to find the spatially close cluster center for each subject. Then, a subject is normalized to the template via the cluster center to restrict our analysis only to those descriptors that reflect reasonable warps. In addition, a mean template is selected by finding a cluster center that minimizes the sum of pairwise shape distance to reduce the fixed template bias. Our method is applied to 2D synthetic data and 3D real Cardiac MR Images. Experimental results show improvement in quantifying and localizing shape changes.


The electronic effects of sulfur in gamma-sulfenyl enones are not transmitted to the carbonyl carbon through the pi bond as reported previously. The diastereoselectivity is rather controlled by a combination of several other factors. The steric effects arising from the substituents on the sulfur atom and the gamma-carbon and the bulk of the nucleophile constitute the major control elements.


The problem of a thin aeolotropie plate containing a circular hole, and bent or twisted by the action of couples at infinity, is solved in a general manner, and the solution is used to find the concentration of stress couple around the edge of a circular hole in a spruce plate in a number of fundamental cases. The work is then extended to apply to elliptical holes in aeolotropic plates, and a theoretical solution is obtained for the problem of a plate bent into the form of a cylinder whose generators are parallel to the major axis of the hole. Numerical results are given for the distribution of stress couple along the edge of an elliptical hole in a spruce plate bent in this manner.


Given a connected, undirected graph G whose edges are labeled, the minimum label (or labeling) spanning tree (MLST) problem seeks a spanning tree on G with the minimum number of distinct labels. Maximum vertex covering algorithm (MVCA) is a well-known heuristic for the MLST problem. It is very fast and performs reasonably well. Recently, we developed a genetic algorithm (GA) for the MLST problem. The GA and MVCA are similarly fast but the GA outperforms the MVCA. In this paper, we present four modified versions of MVCA, as well as a modified GA. These modified procedures generate better results, but are more expensive computationally. The modified GA is the best performer with respect to both accuracy and running time


Using self-determination theory as a framework, the present study examined the effects of female college athletes ' perceptions of controlling behaviors by coaches on their motivation toward sports. Specifically, this study examined whether basic psychological needs (satisfaction and frustration) mediated the relationships between perceived controlling coach behaviors and athletes ' motivation. Female college student-athletes (N=243) completed questionnaires assessing perceived controlling coach behaviors, as well as their motivation (intrinsic motivation and amotivation) and perceptions of psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Structural equation modeling indicated support for a mediational effect. Specifically, the results indicated that controlling coach behaviors significantly predicted psychological need frustration, which, in turn, predicted amotivation. Therefore, it is suggested that controlling behaviors by coaches increase psychological need frustration and facilitate amotivation in female college athletes.


Aim: Three medicinal plants Daniellia oliveri, Lophira alata and Lannea welwitschii were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity and their plasmid eviction potentials on enteric pathogens.
Method: Fresh plant materials collected from herbs seller were sun dried and grounded to fine powder. Water and methanol extracts of these plants were obtained by standard methods. Enteric bacterial agents from clinical samples were used. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates was carried out using commercial antibiotics and the crude plant extracts by standard procedures. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts was carried by the standard procedure. Plasmid DNA extraction was performed using the alkaline lyses method.
Result: The crude methanol extracts of all the plants were effective on MDR strains of Salmonella enterica serova Typhi, S. Typhimurium, Escherichia. coli, Shigella spp and Klebsiella spp used in this study MIC and MBC values of 0.625 to 10 mcg/ml and 5.0 to 20 mcg/ml respectively were recorded for L. welwitschii,, 10 to 20 mcg/ml and 20 to40 mcg/ml for D. oliveri, and 10 to 20 mcg/ml and 20 to40mcg/ml were recorded for L. alata respectively. The plasmid eviction potentials of the crude plants extracts indicated that only crude extract of L. Welwitschii exerted anti-plasmidic effect on Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp, S. Typhimurium, and S. Typhi , as over 60% of these bacterial strains loss their plasmid DNA.
Conclusion: This study revealed that methanol extracts of the three medicinal plants were active against enteric bacterial pathogens. The extracts of L. alata and D. oliveri were not active against MDR pathogens thus; their continuous usage should be discouraged. The methanol crude extract of L. welwitschii exerted antiplasmidic effect on MDR enteric pathogens. This finding suggests possibility of a new approach in drug formulation using anti-plasmidic plant extracts for effective management of plasmid encoded drug resistant enteric bacteria-associated diseases


The objective of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of the role of ethical values in forming and directing a strategy for service excellence, service innovation, and value-in-context. The paper argues that sustainability and corporate social responsibility are the key drivers of value resonance and service excellence. A case-study approach is used in the context of retail service providers, and the main case is the furniture company IKEA. Key values of our case are identified, analysed, and compared with values in other companies. The findings suggest that the innovation management of these firms has been characterised by: (1) business platforms (such as physical and web-based experience rooms) that facilitate their customers' service experiences; (2) service brand and marketing communication based on values resonance among the norms and ethical values of customers, the company, and the wider society; and (3) sharing of corporate values among leaders and employees to provide energy and direction for excellence and sustainable business development. A new framework known as 'The business model of service excellence and innovation – known as the service excellence and innovation (SEIB) model' is developed. The new framework focuses on how to create and manage resource configurations that enable, support, and direct customers in value co-creation and service exchange.


We implement the Bethe ansatz method for the elliptic quantum group E , A2 2 . The Bethe creation operators are constructed as polynomials of the Lax matrix elements expressed through a recurrence relation. We also give the eigenvalues of the family of commuting transfer matrices defined in the tensor product of fundamental representations. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2823974


Tendons regenerate and repair slowly and inefficiently after injury. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) have been isolated recently and have been shown to promote tendon repair. The ability to achieve sufficient numbers of cells for transplantation is essential for their clinical application. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of low oxygen (O(2)) tension (2%) on the clonogenicity, metabolic rate, DNA incorporation, population doubling time, β-galactosidase activity, immunophenotypes, multilineage differentiation potential, and tenocyte-like properties of human TDSCs (hTDSCs). hTDSCs were isolated from patellar tendon and characterized according to their adherence to plastic; colony-forming ability; multilineage differentiation potential; and high expression level of CD44, CD73, CD 90, and CD105 but low CD34, CD45, CD146, and Stro-1 at 20% O(2) tension. Low O(2) tension increased DNA incorporation but not metabolic rate of hTDSCs. It increased cell number 25% and the number of colonies but reduced the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential of hTDSCs. The reduction in differentiation potential was associated with lower messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratios of some lineage-related markers, including BGLAP, ALP, C/EBPα, PPARγ2, ACAN, and SOX9; the expression of a tendon-related marker, TNMD, was greater. There was no significant difference in the production of collagenous to noncollagenous protein ratio; the immunophenotypes and β-galactosidase activity were similar at 2% and 20% O(2) tension. Hypoxia-preconditioned hTDSCs could successfully differentiate at 20% O(2) tension, as shown by the return of the mRNA expression ratios of lineage-related markers to levels comparable to cells pre-incubated and differentiated at 20% O(2) tension. In conclusion, hypoxia is advantageous for efficient expansion of hTDSCs in vitro for tendon tissue engineering.


Spatial configuration of the building quality relationships and reasonable distribution of space by utilizing the Net and Gross area. Therefore this study prerequisite for to investigate of Net and Gross area calculation in general hospital. For this study method as follow. First, a case study internal and external of net and gross area composition. Further more study on the other architect type. Second, a case study measuring area method for general hospital in internal and external. Finally, base on the analysis results of the drawn a net and gross area composition in general hospital.


A concept of history that invokes the detention of history. Facing concepts of the present as transition and as repetition, Benjamin elaborates another one in which time comes to a stop, and which is key to understanding his concept of history. The usual interpretation which distinguishes between historical time and physical time is intended to facilitate the comprehension of Benjamin, but at the price of forgetting certain paradoxes: detention itself, the reversibility of time, the redemption of the entire past, the invocation of theology, the possibility of change with respect to natural time. Norbert Elias has insisted on the impossibility of completely separating physical from social time and in the complex evolution of the latter, which has come to resemble mere nature. All this is relevant to think an alternative to the Heideggerian attempt of determining being as time, severely criticised by Tugendhat. From Benjamin's concept of history, which radically incorporates intersubjectivity, the objective is not to reduce the series of before and after to the series of present, past and future, but to understand that it is possible to construct an alternative historical series to the socially established one, and with it a different future, but in such a way that a certain after modifies a before. It is about abandoning a phenomenological temporality, where according to Tugendhat there is no place for objectivity, nor freedom or responsibility, for a concept of history as detention, which implies the ethical and the political, but which is not without difficulties.


This handbook presents theatre games and side coaching for the solo player. It contains over 40 exercises which allow actors to side coach themselves, at home, in rehearsal, or in performance. The author asks the actor to develop the ability to enter present time, "a moment of full consciousness and awareness with all the responses awake and alert, ready to guide you...allowing you, the real you, your natural self to emerge". Spolin's improvisational techniques changed the nature and practice of modern theatre. Her work has inspired actors, directors, teachers, and writers in theatre, television, and film. Her techniques have also influenced the fields of education, mental health, social work, and psychology.


The new species Eohiodon woodruffi is the second known species of the fossil hiodontid genus Eohiodon . It occurs in Middle Eocene freshwater tuffaceous shales of the lower Tom Thumb Tuff Member and the Middle Member of the Klondike Mountain Formation, near Republic, Washington. The new species differs from Eohiodon rosei in having more anal fin rays and in being deeper bodied. Eohiodon woodruffi also occurs with Eohiodon rosei in Eocene sediments near Horsefly, British Columbia.


The comparative study of 44 isolates of Corynebacterium group D2, from urine, most frequently, shows the pathogenic role of these bacteria in urinary tract infection, with or without urinary stones. These microorganisms have an opportunistic behaviour in other non-urinary sites, and become pathogen in immunosuppressed conditions. The rapid tests as urease, glucose acidification, nitrate reductase, associated with multiple resistance to antibiotics (beta-lactams and aminosides) identify easily Corynebacterium group D2, from 48 h cultures under CO2 conditions. The results of MIC determination of 10 antibiotics, show the high activity (100% sensitivity) of vancomycin and pristinamycin, with MIC modes, respectively, 0.5 and 0.03 mg/l. These antibiotics are the most useful for the treatment of non-urinary infections. Among quinolones, the most active agents are ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (MIC modes: 4 and 2 mg/l), so these antimicrobials could be used for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium group D2.


This paper presents a robust static output feedback H ∞ algorithm for control of hysteretic civil engineering structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. Hysteretic structures present a problem for control design and algorithm development due to changes in the structural parameters during large seismic events. The conventional approach that has been employed in the past is to linearize the structure at the initial equilibrium state, thus ignoring the hysteretic characteristics of the structure when computing the gain matrices. This paper extends the H_ algorithm, which has been developed previously for linear structures, to nonlinear structures using a newly developed procedure that uses stochastic equivalent linearization. In this procedure, the hysteretic parameters are linearized assuming the ground motion to be a filtered white noise using the Kanai-Tajimi power spectral density. The effectiveness of this procedure over the conventional approach is demonstrated by simulation results of a hysteretic single-degree-of-freedom structure subjected to earthquake ground motion. This study also shows the effectiveness of using static output feedback for controlling hysteretic structures. For this case, the control effectiveness is not lost when the measurement of the hysteretic variable is ignored.


Financial inclusion is one of strategies to increase inclusive growth in a lot of countries. However it may cause either stability or instability in the financial system and the impact can be different among income group countries. Potential instability in the financial system occurs when financial inclusion causes reduction in credit standard, increasing risk of bank reputation, and uncoresponding regulation in microfinance. Therefore, this research aimed to measure financial inclusion and financial stability indexes between countries and analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability in 19 countries based on income group from 2004-2014. Data were collected from World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, and other sources. The methods used Sarma index to calculate financial inclusion, Albulescu and Goyeau index to calculate financial stability, and Tobit model to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability. The results show higher income countries have higher financial inclusion and financial stability index than lower income countries. Financial inclusion only has positive significant effect to financial stability in high income countries. Lower and upper middle income countries have to increase availability of financial services to enhance financial inclusion. Moreover, lower and upper middle income countries have to increase financial development to enhance financial stability.


With the trend of Mobile Cloud Computing, the establishment of trust between mobile consumers and cloud service providers become the primary issue as it relates to the cloud platform security. Subjective or objective trust model are typically adopted in the Cloud environment; however, none of these models can easily go for MCC because they only cover a few aspects of trust establishment and do not support all the essential features. In this paper, a
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) server assisted distributed trust management framework is designed for such networks that enables mobile users to quickly adapt itself to change local
conditions. Based on this architecture, an innovative trust model is presented which integrates objective and subjective trust aggregated in a distributed manner. The simulation results
demonstrate that this model can be effective to differentiate trustworthy and untrustworthy Cloud Service Providers (CSP) and the service users in the presence of few untrustworthy nodes. In particular, it provides a more effective method to meet the mobile users' individualization requirement.


Studying materials through a chaine operatoire approach is common practice in studying craft activities. Whilst unravelling a chain of production can be very rewarding, many issues still arise: can all the steps be captured even when no material evidence is present, i.e. how can we approach production chains in the case of inconsistently or partially preserved material in settlement contexts? How may the steps that we are able to observe be contextualized in order to inform us about interconnected activities? In our research project carried out at Tiryns, Greece, we map certain steps through the production and consumption journey of a series of objects and materials, some of which have been referred to as "exotica". Our aim was to understand the life histories of those specific items, and with that, those of the people associated with them. In problematizing the etic category of exotica, this paper investigates patterns of movement that transcend the pure material aspect. By considering the technological and social networks that are the prerequisite for the movements of materials, whether during production, circulation or consumption, or all together, we can analyse the full value and meaning of these materials. We suggest that terms such as local and non-local need to be clearly defined and contextualized, and to be of explanatory value to the networks in which they are implicated.


The use of Electronic Commerce (EC) technologies enables Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to improve their efficiency and competitive position. Much of the literature proposes an extensive set of benefits for organizations that choose to adopt and implement ECommerce systems. Factors of Business –to-business (B2B) E-Commerce adoption and implementation have been extensively investigated. Despite enormous attention given to encourage Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to adopt and implement E-Commerce, little research has been carried out in identifying the factors of Business-to-Consumer ECommerce adoption and implementation for SMEs. To conduct the study, Tornatsky and Fleischer model was adopted and tested in four SMEs located in Christchurch, New Zealand. This paper explores the factors that impact the decision and method of adoption and implementation of ECommerce systems in automobile industry. Automobile industry was chosen because the product they deal with i.e. cars are not a common commodity to be sold online, despite this fact the eCommerce penetration in automobile industry is high. The factors that promote adoption and implementation of E-Commerce technologies are discussed, together with the barriers. This study will help SME owners to effectively handle the adoption and implementation process and will also improve the chance of successful E-Commerce implementation. The implications of the findings for managers, consultants, and government organizations engaged in promoting E-Commerce adoption and implementation in small businesses and future research are discussed. Keywords—E-Commerce in SMEs, E-Commerce in automobile industry, B2C E-Commerce, E-Commerce adoption and Implementation, E-Commerce Website Implementation, E-Commerce Models.


Tracheobronchopathia osteochondro-plastica (TPO) is a rare disorder of yet unknown etiology. The common clinical features include cough with expectoration, breathing difficulty, hemoptysis, and recurrent airway infections, which can lead to a misdiagnosis as another chronic respiratory illness in a large number of cases due to the rare nature of TPO. Here we present a 25-year-old lady who was misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma for many years, and was found to have TPO after difficulty in intubation for administering general anesthesia prior to a surgical procedure.


Employment restraints of trade can discourage employees from leaving their position by restricting their ability to work in their chosen field for a period of time after their employment has ended. This is a contentious issue in terms of fairness between employers and employees. This article presents the findings of an empirical study of employment restraint of trade judgments of courts in Australia from 1989 to 2012. The authors analyse the volume and outcome of employment restraint of trade cases, comparing trends over time, across different jurisdictions in Australia, and across industries. They also analyse the proportion of all restraint of trade cases that are employment restraint of trade cases. Key findings include that employment restraints of trade are increasing as a proportion of all restraint of trade cases and that employment restraints of trade are found most frequently in the financial services and professional services industries. In addition, employers in the state of New South Wales have a significantly higher rate of success in enforcing employment restraints against their former employees than employers in other Australian jurisdictions.


A set of video signal processor VLSIs has been developed using 2-/spl mu/m p-well CMOS technology. These VLSIs perform bidirectional transformation between NTSC (National Television System Committee) composite video signals and component video signals, both of which contain luminance signals and two kinds of color signals. A special circuit configuration is used for the line memory, and an automatic layout program for uniformly structured circuits is developed for the layout design of the digital filters. A design effort of only 12 man-months, which includes logic, circuit, and layout design, is required for each VLSI using CAD systems. These VLSIs have proved effective in reducing the cost of video signal transmission systems.


The objective of this task was to demonstrate that metal hydrides could be produced by mechanical alloying in the quantities needed to support production-scale hydrogen isotope separations. Three starting compositions (ratios of elemental Zr and Fe powders) were selected and attritor milled under argon for times of 8 to 60 hours. In general, milling times of at least 24 hours were required to form the desired Zr2Fe and Zr3Fe phases, although a considerable amount of unalloyed Zr and Fe remained. Milling in liquid nitrogen does not appear to provide any advantages over milling in hexane, particularly due to the formation of ZrN after longer milling times. Carbides of Zr formed during some of the milling experiments in hexane. Elemental Zr was present in the as-milled material but not detected after annealing for milling times of 48 and 60 hours. It may be that after intimate mixing of the powders in the attritor mill the annealing temperature was sufficient to allow for the formation of a Zr-Fe alloy. Further investigation of this conversion is necessary, and could provide an opportunity for reducing the amount of unreacted metal powder after milling.


Nurses collect, communicate and store patient information needed for care through verbal, handwritten and electronic information sources. However, the specific categories of nurses' information needs for the care of hospitalized patients remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the categories of nurses' information needs and develop an observational tool to measure the information needs through available information sources. We analyzed qualitative data from interview transcripts and conducted direct observations of nurses to identify a total of 17 categories of nurses' information needs when caring for hospitalized patients. Once identified, we developed an observational tool to quantitatively measure the category of information need, whether the information need was collected and communicated, and through which information source. Future studies will be able to measure the gathering and communication of information needs through direct observation.


This paper argues in favour of a fruitful assembling of traditional dualities observed in humour (disparagement vs. incongruity, positive vs. critical aspects). After reviewing misogelastic (i.e. denigrating) and carnivalesque (i.e. enthusiastic) positions, we attempt to classify and understand both the historical alternatives and their contemporary counterparts, particularly dealing with the social vs. the cognitive divide. Here it is championed that social and cognitive dimensions must be approached in an entangled way, as part of a social semiotics. In our view, reversal theory approaches have captured the essential complication in humour, the playful mode present in interaction, plus the asymmetry implied in interpretation. Then, both the social sides of sanction and solidarity in humorous practices and the incongruous and derisive aspects of cognitive humorous triggers, show interesting correspondences and what we here have called grid effects, i.e. the combination of ridicule and incongruity both with humorous and less humorous counterparts. Moreover, the basic duality of the social (with its disciplinary or rebellious aspects) and the cognitive (having an abrupt imbalance at its core) presumably responds to the origin of social rules, through embarrassment and shame, on the one hand, as well as to the original conditions of the human mind, working on extended connectivity and figuration, on the other hand, as two complementary sides of social semiotics.


After years of declining incidence Mycobacterium tuberculosis has re-emerged as a major global pathogen. An estimated one-third of the worlds population is infected with M. tuberculosis 8 million new cases of active tuberculosis (TB) occur annually and 2.6-2.9 million people die annually from TB-related causes. More than 95% of new TB cases and TB-related deaths occur among people living in developing countries mainly in Asia and Africa. The number of reported TB cases in Africa increased markedly during the 1980s and 1990s making sub-Saharan Africa the region with the highest incidence of TB. Worldwide there were 9.4 million people co-infected with TB and HIV of whom 6.6 million were in sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 26% of TB cases in sub-Saharan Africa in 1995 were attributable to HIV infection. The observed increase in TB in sub-Saharan Africa may have resulted from several factors including civil conflict leading to displacement overcrowding famine and malnutrition. Together with economic decline these factors have in many cases led to a breakdown in health infrastructure. Reduced case-finding and poor contact tracing are expected to lead to an increase in the number of chronic TB-excretors. The interaction between TB and HIV clinical features treatment preventive therapy and innovative approaches are discussed. TB and AIDS together threaten to reverse the social and economic gains achieved in Africa over the past 30 years and to impede further development.


Abstract Introduction: Stability is the ability of subjects to keep their upright posture, which is enhanced by combination strategies of various musculoskeletal systems. Various methods have been used to evaluate the abilities of subjects during standing, including linear and nonlinear methods. It is not clear that which one of these two methods has more ability to represent stability of subjects with various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the stability of the subjects with various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders using linear and nonlinear methods. Materials and Methods: Four groups of subjects including, normal subjects and subjects with three different disorders of flatfoot, Parkinson`s Disease (PD), and Perthes were recruited in this study.  A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate the stability of the subjects. The difference between the linear (Center of Pressure Excursion, Velocity and Path Length) and nonlinear (Approximate Entropy = ApEn) parameters was evaluated by two sample t test. Results: The mean value of COP velocity of flatfoot and perthes subjects were 1621/5±405/6 and 878/4±195 mm/min in the medio lateral direction, respectively (P < 0/05). The mean value of ApEn in the anteroposterior direction was 0/94±0/16 in flatfoot subjects and 0/99±0/21 in those with perthes. However, it was 0/45±0/06 in the subjects with PD. The difference between normal subjects and all other groups of participants was significant (P < 0/05). Conclusion : It seems that nonlinear method is more sensitive to represent the difference between stability of subjects with different neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. However when linear approach is selected for data analysis it is suggested to use a group of parameters instead of only one parameter. Depending on the kind of diseases, increasing and decreasing the value of Approximate Entropy represent the instability situations. Keywords: Stability, linear analysis, nonlinear analysis, Parkinson`s Disease, Perthes, flat foot


One of the freshwater fishes thatbegan to bedeveloped is Wader fish, but there is still a lot of information that has notbeen supportedon fish farming techniques. One of them is the optimal stocking density for cultivation. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rates of the WaderCakulfish (Puntiusbinotatus).This research was conductedin May - July 2018. The method used in this study was to use aCompletely Randomized Design with 4 training, namely P1 (2 fish/liter), P2 (3 fish/liter), P3 (4 fish/liter) and P4 (5 fish/liter).Each treatment was repeated3 times. The main parameters were absolute growth rate (length and weight gain)(GR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR).Data were analyzedusing ANOVA (analysis of variance) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test. The results showed that different stocking densities gave significant values (P <0.05) for GR, SGR, SR and FCR comparisons. The best treatment in this study was P1 with a growth value of 0.31 ± 0.01 gram, SGR 3.50 ± 0.03%, Long Growth 1.97 ± 0.05 cm, SR 85.07 ± 2.17% and FCR 1.47 ± 0.02. P1 (2 fish/liter) is the best maintenance to increase the growth, survival rate, and feed efficiency of thecakulwader fish.


In mortality research, much attention has been paid to the strong geographical differentials in mortality levels and in modern mortality decline, as the analysis of this geographical differentiation might hold the key to explaining the determinants of mortality change. The use of historical cause-specific mortality data has proved a challenging, although very insightful, means to this end. The four contributions to this special issue focus on cause-specific mortality in the past, both to reassess older data using new insights and to challenge existing insights by using new data and methods. These papers, of which earlier versions were presented during the thirty-eighth Social Science History Association (SSHA) Meeting in Chicago, 21–24 November 2013, explore mortality at different stages of the life course, ranging from early infancy to old age. Moreover, each paper revolves around a different group of causes of death. Although the papers are in many ways rather different, together they demonstrate how different data, theoretical frameworks and methodologies can push the boundaries of research into the trends and determinants of historical mortality patterns.


Metabolic aberrance is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The metabolic patterns in cancer cells are well reprogrammed to provide building blocks and energy for their sustained growth. During tumor metabolic reprogramming, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and the antioxidant systems are activated. High levels of ROS lead to oxidative damage and even cell death, whereas ROS at low levels act as second messenger to regulate many signaling pathways. Recently, with the revisiting of oxidative stress, it has been found that ROS can directly mediate the redox modifications of proteins, resulting in protein conformational and functional alterations. However, only a very small portion of metabolic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and PKM2, etc., has been reported to undergo redox modifications. Whether other metabolic enzymes are regulated by redox modifications and thus exhibit critical functions remain largely unknown. Moreover, the specific spatio-temporal targeting of redox modifications of metabolic enzymes, as well as overcoming the existed redox and metabolic adaptation, are key points to be solved. Here, we will review the reported redox modification patterns of metabolic enzymes, the involved regulatory mechanisms and their roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progress. In addition, we will discuss the future therapeutic strategies targeting redox modifications of metabolic enzymes for tumor treatment.


OBJECTIVE Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) shares clinical features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the precise definition of LADA. Understanding its genetic basis is one potential strategy to gain insight into appropriate classification of this diabetes subtype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed the first genome-wide association study of LADA in case subjects of European ancestry versus population control subjects (n = 2,634 vs. 5,947) and compared against both case subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 2,454 vs. 968) and type 2 diabetes (n = 2,779 vs. 10,396). RESULTS The leading genetic signals were principally shared with type 1 diabetes, although we observed positive genetic correlations genome-wide with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we observed a novel independent signal at the known type 1 diabetes locus harboring PFKFB3, encoding a regulator of glycolysis and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes and inflammation and autophagy in autoimmune disease, as well as an attenuation of key type 1–associated HLA haplotype frequencies in LADA, suggesting that these are factors that distinguish childhood-onset type 1 diabetes from adult autoimmune diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the need for further investigations of the genetic factors that distinguish forms of autoimmune diabetes as well as more precise classification strategies.


The past decades have seen the advent of online book retail and its explosive growth. As
the popularity of online book retail continues to increase, so does the interest in
understanding the predictors of online book sales. Accordingly, prior research has found
evidence for the significant effects of traditional (I.e. expert reviews) and social earned
media (i.e. online customer reviews) on online book sales. By literature review, the
researcher pinpoints three main drawbacks of the extant literature. First, scholars have only
been studying the effect of online customer reviews and expert reviews in isolation,
regardless of the fact that they actually interact with each other while influencing online book
sales in reality. Second, little research has been carried out to closely examine the impact of
sentiment reviews on online book sales with sophisticated automated sentiment analysis
technique. Third, the moderating role of book category was insofar neglected in scholarship.
Drawing from these perspectives, this research sets out to investigate the differential
impacts of traditional earned media (i.e. expert reviews) and social earned media (i.e. online
customer reviews) on Amazon.com's book sales. Additionally, it seeks to understand the
moderating effect of book category on the impact of the positive sentiment in online
customer reviews and expert reviews on Amazon.com's book sales. The research is guided
by the following research question: To what extent do traditional (i.e. expert reviews) and
social earned media (i.e. online customer reviews) predict Amazon.com's book sales? To
answer the research question, the researcher conducts a quantitative research which
consists of two steps of analyses. First, she performs a sentiment analysis on 1,133 reviews,
using the sentiment analysis software LIWC 2015 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count), in
order to detect the percentage of positive and negative sentiment in their textual content.
Next, she conducts regression tests and z-score tests for regression coefficients to assess
the hypotheses. The research provides practical recommendations for online book retailers
to tailor their online communication strategy and budget so as to enhance sales
performance. It, likewise, produces some important theoretical implications for future
research to investigate the interplay between online customer reviews and expert reviews in
influencing online book sales.


Identification of new therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is required. We hypothesized that, in the adult lung, SHH pathway plays a critical role during the alveolar repair process and lung fibrogenesis.

Methods: We determined the expression pattern of several members of the SHH pathway in lung biopsies and primary cultured fibroblasts from controls and IPF patients. We also examined the expression profile of SHH pathway after TGF-β stimulation in fibroblasts. We characterized the action of recombinant SHH and cyclopamine, an inhibitor of SHH pathway, on the effect of TGF-β on fibroblast differentiation markers.

Results: In lung biopsies, the ligand SHH, the receptor Patched (PTC), the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO) and the transcription factors GLI 1-2-3 were detected in both control and IPF tissues. Compared to controls, PTC was decreased in IPF, both in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. SMO was maintained and GLI2 was localized in the nuclei in IPF. In vitro, there was no difference between control and IPF fibroblasts in the expression of HH signalling components. After TGF-β stimulation, PTC, SMO and GLI3 mRNA were strongly inhibited while GLI2 was increased. Cyclopamine inhibited TGF-β induced expression of myofibroblast differentiation markers in control fibroblasts. IPF fibroblasts were less sensitive to cyclopamine treatment. Though, addition of recombinant SHH had no effect.

Conclusions: Our results show that the signaling pathway downstream of SMO is activated in IPF. SMO activity is also necessary to TGF-β induced myofibroblastic differentiation. These data support a pro-fibrotic action of the SHH pathway in IPF.


Breast cancer has become one of the most common diseases, especially among women, increasing the importance of predicting survival. In this study, the successes of machine learning algorithms on survival prediction were compared using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) breast cancer data set. Used machine learning algorithms are: Naive Bayes, J48, Multiobjective Evolutionary Fuzzy Classifier (MEFC), Support Vector Machines (SVM). The most successful algorithm is J48 algorithm. The most successful algorithm is J48 algorithm according to the tests.


Objectives Antidotes are an important part of the emergency preparedness in hospitals. In the case of a major chemical accident or a fire, large quantities of antidotes may be needed within a short period of time. For time-critical antidotes it is therefore necessary that they be immediately available. We wanted to evaluate the antidote preparedness in Norwegian hospitals as regards the national recommendations and compare this with other international guidelines. Methods A digital survey was sent to the 50 hospitals in Norway that treat acute poisonings. Of these, four hospitals are categorised as regional hospitals, 15 as large hospitals and 31 as small hospitals. Each hospital was asked which antidotes they stockpiled from a list of 35 antidotes. The financial costs (low, moderate, high) were added to an established efficacy scale to illustrate the cost-effectiveness of the different antidotes. Results The response rate was 100%. Eleven of fifty (22%) hospitals stockpiled all antidotes recommended for their hospital size. All four regional hospitals had all the recommended antidotes. Large hospitals which were not regional hospitals had the least availability of antidotes, and only one large hospital stockpiled all antidotes recommended for this hospital size. Conclusions We found varying compliance with the national recommendations for antidote storage in hospitals. To strengthen antidote preparedness, we recommend standardised European guidelines to support national guidelines.


Clouds have a strong influence on the Earth`s climate and therefore on climate change. An important step in improving the accuracy of models that predict global climate change, general circulation models, is improving the parameterization of clouds and cloud-radiation interactions. Improvements in the next generation models will likely include the effect of cloud geometry on the cloud-radiation parameterizations. We have developed and report here methods for characterizing the geometrical features and three-dimensional properties of clouds that could be of significant value in developing these new parameterizations. We developed and report here a means of generating and imaging synthetic clouds which we used to test our characterization algorithms; a method for using Taylor`s hypotheses to infer spatial averages from temporal averages of cloud properties; a computer method for automatically classifying cloud types in an image; and a method for producing numerical three-dimensional renderings of cloud fields based on the fusion of ground-based and satellite images together with meteorological data.


Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used as the major, and sometimes the only, diagnostic test for neoplasia in bone. While the evidence is convincing that bone scans are frequently more sensitive than roentgenographic bone surveys for detection of metastatic bone disease, there are false-negative results for a variety of reasons, and positive findings must be interpreted with caution. Scans also appear more limited than roentgenograms in their usefulness for evaluating changes in abnormal bone structure. Case histories and discussion are offered to indicate that usually both radioisotope bone scans and roentgenographic bone surveys should be obtained for initial screening and subsequent assessment of bone metastases.


OBJECTIVE
To examine relationships between empathy, illness concepts, sibling relationship variables, and psychological adjustment among siblings of children with cancer.

METHODS
Participants were 29 siblings and 14 children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Data included self- and parent-report questionnaires completed during active treatment.

RESULTS
Siblings did not exhibit increased rates of behavior problems, but did display more social and academic difficulties. Empathy was a significant predictor of externalizing and total problems. Cancer knowledge was not related to adjustment, but was associated with empathy. Birth order of the child with cancer and closeness within the sibling relationship were associated with less positive adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
Empathy may play an important role in sibling adjustment following the diagnosis of cancer. Specific sibling relationship and family variables may be helpful in identifying siblings who are at greater need for psychosocial intervention.


Tele-operation is used when a task has to be performed in a hostile, unsafe, inaccessible or remote environment. Examples of tele-operation include the dismantling of bombs by the police and the manipulation of robotic arms in nuclear reactors, in deep seas or in space. Two commonly used methods in tele-operation are direct manipulation and indirect manipulation. In direct manipulation the operator has a direct view of the manipulator and performs mostly mechanical tasks. In indirect manipulation the operator does not have a direct view of the manipulator, and sensors such as closed loop TV systems are used to provide the operator with on-line information. In this case, manipulation requires mental efforts, since the presentation of the manipulator environment is frequently distorted due to the limited ability of sensors to provide a complete and accurate view of reality. In this study a simple pick and place tele-operation task was performed in the direct and indirect modes by the participating subjects. The analysis of the results show that while the very same learning model can be used to analyze the learning process in both modes, the parameters of the models are significantly different. Thus the duration of the learning process, as well as the most appropriate teaching methodology, may differ substantially between the two modes of operation.


The time course of cardiovascular parameters in the course of citrate hemoperfusion was studied by routine noninvasive methods: tetrapolar thoracic rheoplethysmography, acceleration kineticocardiography, transesophageal diagnostic electrocardiostimulation, and electrocardiography. Hemoperfusion was carried out at a bloodstream velocity of 100 ml/min. Blood preserving agent glucigar was used for blood stabilization, with the citrate to blood ratio 1:1 maintained. Analysis of changes in the central hemodynamics and phase structure of left-ventricular systole was carried out in two groups of patients with the normo- and hypodynamic circulation. No appreciable changes in the hemo- and cardiodynamics were observed over the course of hemoperfusion with sodium citrate stabilization in patients with normodynamic circulation, nor were any adverse reactions on the part of the cardiovascular system observed in the patients with hypodynamic circulation. Reliable changes in the electrophysiological parameters were not recorded either. Moreover, hemosorption did not involve arrhythmias or conduction disorders. Language: ru


When early complications occur after a kidney transplant, radionuclide angiography may be useful in determining a possible vascular origin. The authors describe the case of a patient with anuria continuing 24 hours after transplantation. Radionuclide angiography showed a defect at the site of the renal graft, suggestive of arterial or venous thrombosis. Contrast angiography was performed immediately but showed no vascular abnormality; neither did radionuclide angiography performed the next day. The authors concluded that a spasm at the site of the renal artery anastomosis, overcome by contrast angiography, could explain this phenomenon.


We consider different generalizations of the Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) devised to describe L evy processes in potential force fields. We show that such generalizations can proceed along different lines. On one hand, L evy statistics can emerge from the fractal temporal nature of the underlying process, i.e., a high variability in the rate of microscopic events. On the other hand, they may be a direct consequence of the scale-free spatial structure on which the process evolves. Although both forms considered lead to Boltzmann equilibrium, the relaxation patterns are quite different. As an example, generalized diffusion in a double-well potential is considered. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Crucial specifications of an engine are spread widely in various subsystems, such as cooling system, intake and exhaust system, combustion system, etc. Well-informed design decision and optimized design solution cannot be reached without considering interactions among subsystems. Even though significant progresses on CAE technologies have been made to address physical and chemical phenomena in each subsystem, there are few studies in literature to model an engine with a reasonable coverage of subsystems in an integrated fashion. The necessity of such approach is justified from two aspects. Firstly, modifications in one subsystem could result in changes in other subsystems. Secondly, frequently due to experimental constraints or availability of prototypes which is the case for new engine design, boundary conditions for a subsystem of interest can only be obtained from integrated numerical simulations with other subsystems. In the present work, an integration methodology was developed, intake and exhaust system, combustion system, cooling system, and head/block/gasket component system were coupled. In particular, intake flow, combustion, cooling performance and component temperatures were simulated iteratively for one bank of a V6 gasoline engine. The results show that characteristic time scale combustion model with discrete parcel kernel development model can reproduce combustion rate satisfactorily over a wide range of engine speed. Heat flux and temperature distributions on combustion chamber surfaces are highly non-uniform, uniform temperature assumption results in unacceptable discrepancy in terms of local heat flux and temperature. The integration method is a robust development tool and eliminates some uncertain assumptions in engine simulations.


Three factors – technical complexity of the product design, need to compress project delivery, and external-driven changes in design criteria – make the project delivery of semiconductor fabrication facilities (fabs) a challenging problem. Empirical findings on strategies to cope with this problem support a comparative study of two project management principles: the principle of investing upfront on a flexible product design and the principle of structuring a more flexible project development process. The project delivery problem is first articulated by outlining the extent of the overlap between the critical steps in the fab development process and by interpreting data to exemplify realworld profiles of external-driven uncertainty. Various strategies that implement the two principles are then analyzed. Specifically, the pros and cons are compared of committing early on by overdesigning with those of postponing critical project decisions by employing modular design definitions and by pre-fabricating building components. The study shows that the two principles are complementary. Managers may find it useful to adopt strategies that implement both principles whenever they have to deliver challenging projects.


BACKGROUND
Recently, some new nanobiosensors using different nanoparticles or microarray systems for detection of mycotoxins have been designed . However, rapid, sensitive and early detection of aflatoxicosis would be very helpful to distinguish high-risk persons.

OBJECTIVES
We report a highly sensitive competitive immunoassay using magnetic/silica core shell as a signal intensifier for the determination of aflatoxin B1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Cd/Te quantum dots (antiaflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on the surface of Cd/Te quantum dots) to Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1 bound to albumin). The specific immune-reaction between the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody on the QDs and the labeledaflatoxin B1 brings the Rho 123 fluorophore (acting as the acceptor) and the QDs (acting as the donor) in close spatial proximity and causes FRET to occur upon photo-excitation of the QDs. Using magnetic/silica core shell to intensify the obtained signal is the novelty of this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cd/Te QDs were synthesized by the simultaneous reduction of cadmium chloride and tellurium in the presence of sodium borohydride under nitrogen atmosphere. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using FeSO4 and FeCl3 (1:2 molar ratio) and ammonia as an oxidizing agent under nitrogen atmosphere. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles shelled by silica using tetraethoxysilane in the presence of ammonia. Nanoparticles synthesis and monodispersity confirmed by TEM. Immobilization of Cd/Te QDs to antibodies and labeling of aflatoxin B1-albumin by Rho 123 were performed by EDC/NHS reaction in reaction mixture buffer, pH 6, at room temperature.

RESULTS
By using the magnetic/silica core shell sensitivity of the system changed from 2×10-11 in our previous study to 2×10-12 in this work. The feasibility of the method established by the detection of aflatoxin B1 in spiked human serum. There is a linear relationship between the decreased fluorescence intensity of Rho 123 with increasing concentration of aflatoxin B1 in spiked samples, over the range of 0.01-0.06 μmol.mL-1.

CONCLUSIONS
This homogeneous competitive detection scheme is simple, rapid and efficient, and does not require multiple separation steps and excessive washing.


Software producers are making greater use of customer error reporting to discover defects and improve the quality of their products. We study how software development differences among producers (e.g., varying levels of process maturity) and software class and functionality differences (e.g., operating system versus productivity software) affect how these producers coordinate software release timing and pricing to optimally harness error reporting contributions from users. In settings where prices are fixed, we characterize the optimal release time and demonstrate why in some cases it can actually be preferable to delay release when customer error reporting rates increase. The manner in which a firm's optimal release time responds to increases in software functionality critically hinges on whether the added functionality enhances or dilutes user error reporting; in both cases, the effect of added functionality on release timing can go in either direction, depending on both firm and product market characteristics. For example, when processing costs are relatively large compared to goodwill costs, firms with lower process maturity will release earlier when per module error reporting contributions become diluted and release later when these contributions become enhanced. We also examine how a firm adapts price with changes in error reporting levels and software functionality, and finally provide implications of how beta testing influences release timing.


Abstract: Novel approaches to guarantee complete and intelligent control of entire food processing plants are required in order to ensure product quality, flexible and efficient operation, and to reduce the impact of processes on the environment. The objective of this chapter is to present several issues associated with, and advanced methods for, modelling, monitoring and control that may be appropriate for the handling of on-line process optimization in the context of food processes. The chapter mainly concentrates on a bioconversion process in a fed-batch reactor.


Cesaerean and postpartum hysterectomy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1996; 54.109-113. Lau WC, Fung HY, Rogers MS. Ten years experience of caesarean and postpartum hysterectomy in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Eur J Obstet GynecolReprodBiol199?; 74: 133-137. Chew S, Biswas A. Caesarean and postpartum hysterectomy. Singapore MedJ 1998;399-13. Zorlu CG. Turan C, lsik AZ, Danisman N, Mungan T, Gokmen 0. Emergency hysterectomy in modem obstetric practice. Changing clinical perspective in time. Acta Obsret Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 186-1 90. Bamigboye AA, Merrell DA, Hofmeyr GJ, Mitchell R. Randomized comparison of rectal misoprostol with Sptometrine for management of third stage of labor. Acta Obstet GvnecolScand 1998; 77: 178-181. El-Refaey H , O'Brien P, Morafa W, Walder .I, Rodeck C. Use of oral misoprostol in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Br J Obster Gynaecol1997; 104: 336-339. O'Brien P. El-Refaey H, Gordon A, Geary M, Rodeck CH. Rectally administered misoprostol for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to oxytocin and ergometrine: a descriptive study. Obstet Gynecol1998; 92: 212-214. Lynch C, Coker A, Lawal AH, Abu J, Cowen MJ. The B-Lynch surgical technique for the control of massive postpartum haemorrhage: an alternative 10 hysterectomy? Five cases reported. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 104: 372-375.


RICHARD GERBRAND had little respect for a society which interrupted his study of medicine to send him off to war and had no use for him when he returned. In Western Germanyof the late nineteenforties therewere many unpaid doctors, many unemployed,and many medical studentslike himself grown old, half-starvedand penniless. To survive, that was the aim in war, often by meansof audacityand a steady nerve, and this was the attitude Gerbrand brought to his post-war problems. When a war-time acquaintance offers the undergraduatethe post of deputy chief of staff in a county hospital, in the belief that he is a fully qualified doctor, he accepts.


PURPOSE
Showing results of open and percutaneous surgical management of traumatic AO type A3, A4 and B2 thoracic and lumbar fractures.

METHODS
Retrospective comparative analysis of traditional open fusion versus percutaneous navigated fixation of thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures. Minimum 24 months follow-up to collect ODI and VAS outcome scores for comparative analysis was required.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven patients with a mean age of 39 years met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six patients were in the open group (Group O) and 31 in the percutaneous group (Group P). The majority of fractures were either type A3 or A4; there were three type B chance fractures in Group O and one in Group P. VAS and ODI scores followed comparable trends in the two groups until the final follow-up. The main statistically significant result between the two groups was blood loss, which was lower in Group P (110 versus 270 ml in Group O on average), although this did not reflect into different clinical outcomes. Similar peri-operative measures of operating time and length of stay were found between the two groups. A significantly higher degree of loss of reduction was noted at follow-up in Group P (8° versus 5° in Group O on average).

CONCLUSIONS
Open and percutaneous posterior fixation techniques of thoracic and lumbar fractures in this cohort were associated with different perioperative blood losses as well as radiological measurements, but not with clinically meaningful differences in patient reported outcome measures at 24 months' follow-up.


Maternal and child malnutrition has long and short-term consequences on the health status of the people and on the country's economy. It is among the major public health problems in Ethiopia. Worldwide, maternal and child malnutrition is an underlying cause for more than 3.5 million deaths each year. About 35% of the global disease burden is in under five children. Such a heavy burden requires an understanding of the nutritional status of the people, especially children under the age of five years and associated factors. Therefore, this study attempted to use possible statistical methods to estimate the effects of the risks related to the nutritional status of children. It also tried to identify the socio-economic and demographic factors that are associated with the BMI of under five children in Ethiopia. The study employed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A nationally representative sample of children under the age of five years was used to get information on weight and height measures of under five children. The BMI of children under five years of age was used as a response variable to fit weighted quantile regression. The covariates, age of a child, sex and other relevant socio-economic and demographic factors were used in the study. Following the quantile regression, the generalized linear models such as logistic regression model was applied after categorizing the response variable, BMI of under five children, into two categories namely normal and malnourished. Following binary logistic regression, an attempt to fit ordinal logistic regression was made. That means nutritional status was considered as ordinal outcome with four categories namely underweight, normal, overweight and obese. The findings and comparison of estimates using these different statistical methods with and without complex survey design were presented. The results revealed that methods that take into account the complex nature of the design, perform better than those that do not take this into account. It has also been found that age of a child, weight of child at birth, mother's BMI, educational attainment of mother, region and wealth index were significantly associated with under five children's nutritional status. Furthermore, the results are discussed and then a conclusion is made in the context of policy implication for Ethiopia.