ly conceived; it is the same house if I fill it with cheese or move the walls – though if I clean the house I may interact only with things in the interior space, and I am referring only to these when I say that the house is a mess or needs to be redecorated. The house is conceived as an exterior surface and an interior space (with complex properties). Of course, the house itself is a concrete object; it can be made of bricks or wood, and a wooden house does not just have a wooden exterior. A brown wooden house has a brown exterior (adopting the abstract perspective) and is made of wood (adopting the concrete perspective). If my house used to be in Philadelphia, but is now in Boston, then a physical object was moved. In contrast, if my home used to be in Philadelphia, but is now in Boston, then no physical object need have moved, though my home is also concrete – though in some manner also abstract, whether understood as the house in which I live, or the town, or country, or universe; a house is concrete in a very different sense. The house – home difference has numerous consequences: I can go home, but not go house; I can live in a brown house, but not a brown home; in many languages, the counterpart of home is adverbial, as partially in English too. Even in this trivial example, we see that the internal conditions on meaning are rich, complex, and unsuspected; in fact, barely known. The most elaborate dictionaries do not dream of such subtleties; they provide no more than hints that enable the intended concept to be identified by those who already have it (at least, in essential respects). The I-variant of Frege's telescope operates in curious and intricate ways. There seems at first glance to be something paradoxical in these descriptions. Thus, houses and homes are concrete but, from another point of view, are considered quite abstractly, though abstractly in very different ways; similarly, books, decks of cards, cities, etc. It is not that we have confused ideas – or inconsistent beliefs – about houses and homes, or boxes, airplanes, igloos, spherical cubes, etc. Rather, a lexical item provides us with a certain range of perspectives for viewing what we take to be the things in the world, or what we conceive in other ways; these items are like filters or lenses, providing ways of looking at things and thinking about the products of our minds. The terms themselves do not refer, at least if the term refer is used in its naturallanguage sense; but people can use them to refer to things, viewing them from particular points of view – which are remote from the standpoint of the natural sciences, as noted. Explaining language use 37 The same is true wherever we inquire into I-language. London is not a fiction, but considering it as London – that is, through the perspective of a city name, a particular type of linguistic expression – we accord it curious properties: as noted earlier, we allow that under some circumstances, it could be completely destroyed and rebuilt somewhere else, years or even millennia later, still being London, that same city. Charles Dickens described Washington as "the City of Magnificent Intentions," with "spacious avenues, that begin in nothing, and lead nowhere; streets, mile-long, that only want houses, roads, and inhabitants; public buildings that need but a public to be complete; and ornaments of great thoroughfares, which only lack great thoroughfares to ornament" – but still Washington.We can regard London with or without regard to its population: from one point of view, it is the same city if its people desert it; from another, we can say that London came to have a harsher feel to it through the Thatcher years, a comment on how people act and live. Referring to London, we can be talking about a location or area, people who sometimes live there, the air above it (but not too high), buildings, institutions, etc., in various combinations (as in London is so unhappy, ugly, and polluted that it should be destroyed and rebuilt 100 miles away, still being the same city). Such terms as London are used to talk about the actual world, but there neither are nor are believed to be things-in-theworld with the properties of the intricate modes of reference that a city name encapsulates. Two such collections of perspectives can fit differently into Peter's system of beliefs, as in Kripke's puzzle. (For extensive discussion from a somewhat similar point of view, see Bilgrami 1992.) For purposes of naturalistic inquiry, we construct a picture of the world that is dissociated from these "common-sense" perspectives (never completely, of course; we cannot become something other than the creatures we are). If we intermingle such different ways of thinking about the world, we may find ourselves attributing to people strange and even contradictory beliefs about objects that are to be regarded somehow apart from the means provided by the I-language and the I-belief systems that add further texture to interpretation. The situation will seem even more puzzling if we entertain the obscure idea that certain terms have a relation to things ("reference") fixed in a common public language, which perhaps even exists "independently of any particular speakers," who have a "partial, and partially erroneous, grasp of the language" (Dummett 1986); and that these "public-language terms" in the common language refer (in some sense to be explained) to such objects as London taken as a thing divorced from the properties provided by the city name (or some other mode of designation) in a particular I-language, and from the other factors that enter into Peter's referring 38 New horizons in the study of language and mind to London. Problems will seem to deepen further if we abstract from the background of individual or shared beliefs that underlie normal language use. All such moves go beyond the bounds of a naturalistic approach, some of them, perhaps, beyond sensible discourse. They also go beyond internalist limits, which is a different matter. A naturalistic approach does not impose internalist, individualist limits. Thus, if we study (some counterpart to) persons as phases in the history of ideally immortal germ cells, or as stages in the conversion of oxygen to carbon dioxide, we depart from such limits. But if we are interested in accounting for what people do, and why, insofar as that is possible through naturalistic inquiry, the argument for keeping to these limits seems persuasive. We began by considering the (hypothetical) discovery that Peter's brain produces the configuration C when he thinks about cats. We then moved to the more realistic example of ERPs, and the still more realistic case (from a scientific standpoint) of C–R systems; one may think of their elements as on a par with C, though now real, not hypothetical, we have reason to believe. The same would be true of a naturalistic approach that departs from these internalist limits, viewing Peter's brain as part of a larger system of interactions. The analogy would no longer be to the configuration C produced in Peter's brain when he thinks of cats, but to some physical configuration C′ involving C along with something else, perhaps something about cats.We are now in the domain of the hypothetical – I know of no serious candidate. But suppose that such an approach can be devised and proves to yield insight into questions of language use. If so, that might modify the ways we study language and psychology, but would not bridge the gap to an account of people and what they do. We have to distinguish between a hypothetical externalist naturalism of the kind just sketched, and nonnaturalist externalism that attempts to treat human action (referring to or thinking about cats, etc.) in the context of communities, real or imagined things in the world, and so on. Such approaches are to be judged on their merits, as efforts to make some sense out of questions that lie beyond naturalistic inquiry – like questions about energy, falling stones, the heavens, etc. – in the ordinary sense of the terms. I have mentioned some reason for skepticism about recourse to communities and their practices, or public languages with public meanings. Consider further the other facet of externalism, an alleged relation between words and things. Within internalist semantics, there are explanatory theories of considerable interest that are developed in terms of a relation R (read "refer") that is postulated to hold between linguistic expressions and Explaining language use 39 something else, entities drawn from some stipulated domain D (perhaps semantic values). The relation R, for example, holds between the expressions London (house, etc.) and entities of D that are assumed to have some relation to what people refer to when they use the words London (house, etc.), though that presumed relation remains obscure. As noted, I think such theories should be regarded as a variety of syntax. The elements they postulate are on a par, in the respects relevant here, with phonological or phrase-structure representations, or the hypothetical brain configuration C; we might well include D and R within the SD (the linguistic expression), as part of an interface level. Explanation of the phenomena of example (2) (on page 35) is commonly expressed in terms of the relation R. The same theories of binding and anaphora carry over without essential change if we replace young in example (2) by average, typical, or replace the young man by John Doe, stipulated to be the average man for the purposes of a particular discourse. The same theories also carry over to anaphoric properties of the pronouns in examples (3) and (4): (3) a It brings good health's rewards. b Good health brings its rewards. c Its rewards are what make good health worth striving for. (4) a [There is a flaw in the argument], but it was quickly found. b [The argument is flawed], but it was quickly found. In terms of the relation R, stipulate


Arterial bullet embolism is an uncommon complication of vascular trauma. While many reports exist of peripheral embolism from aortic entry sites, few cases are described of distal embolization from peripheral arteries. Untreated emboli may cause ischemia and threaten the limb at a site far removed from the point of missile entry. Unless suspected, diagnosed, and extracted, these emboli may ultimately result in limb loss in spite of a successful proximal arterial repair. During the last 10 years we treated 4 such cases, all of whom had initial limb salvage. This report describes our diagnostic and operative management of these injuries and collectively summarizes our experience as well as all other cases in the literature.


Since part of the natriuresis of the extracellular fluid volume expansion (ECVE) is due to renal vasodilatation, it is possible that the blunted natriuresis during ECVE in dogs with chronic ligation of common bile duct (CBD) is due to gailure to renal arteries to dilate. Studies were carried out to investigate this question in normal dogs, sham-operated animals, and dogs with acute and chronic legation of CBD. ECVE with 0.45 percent saline caused a significant rise in renal plasma flow (RPF) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) in all animals except those with chronic ligation of CBD. In the latter dogs, the increment in UNaV was significantly less than that observed in the other groups of animals, and RPF did not increase significantly following saline infusion in dogs with CBD ligation. The intrarenal administration of acetylcholine produced a significant and comparable increase in RPF in all animals, including those with chronic ligation of CBS, but the rise in UNaV in the latter was significantly less than that in the other groups of dogs. The data indicated that (1) ECVE is not associated with renal vasodilatation in dogs with chronic ligation of CBD, (2) this abnormality is not due to a defect of the renal arteries to respond to vasodilators, and (3) the lack of renal vasodilatation may be partly responsible for the blunted natriuresis, but other sodium-retaining forces may also be operative.


The hypothesis tested in this study is that changes in benthic ecosystem components interrelationships may mirror the degree of environmental stress in the Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Multivariate matrices deriving from four benthic components (macrophytes, zoobenthos, epibenthic decapods and demersal fish) from four lagoonal stations along a well-defined disturbance gradient were compared by means of second-stage non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). The resulting intermatrix distances were used as a proxy for the identification of the degree of disturbance. The approach followed is novel in that it uses information from higher levels of the biological organization by taking into account more than a single benthic component, thus representing broad categories of functional groups. The second-stage MDS plots depict differences between inter-component distances in the sampling stations according to the degree of disturbance they experience and the BIOENV analysis demonstrates that certain components are correlated with the environmental variables at a higher degree in the most disturbed stations.


Reproductive autonomy is central to women's welfare both because childbearing takes place in women's bodies and because they are generally expected to take primary responsibility for child rearing. In 2005, the factors that influence their autonomy most strongly are poverty and belief systems that devalue such autonomy. Unfortunately, such autonomy is a low priority for most societies, or is anathema to their belief systems altogether. This situation is doubly sad because women's reproductive autonomy is intrinsically valuable for women and also instrumentally valuable for the welfare of humankind. This paper takes for granted the moral and practical necessity of such autonomy and digs deeper into the question of what such a commitment might entail, focusing on the mid-level policy making that, at least in the US and Canada, plays a significant role in shaping women's options. This paper examines a large teaching hospital's policy on reduction of multifetal pregnancies. The policy permits reduction of triplets to twins, but not twins to a singleton. As there is no morally relevant difference between these two types of reduction, it is evident that inappropriate medicalisation can still limit women's autonomy in undesirable ways.


The solid-liquid transition for magnetic fluids containing iron particles in mercury and iron particles in tin-mercury has been investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter. The detail of the phase change near the melting point has been found to be dependent upon both the iron particle concentration and, when present, the spatial location of tin metal additives. The measurements are interpreted in terms of particle interactions.


Quiescent oocytes of the monkey Cebus albifrons were examined with the electron microscope. In many respects the ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that of other mammalian species. Elongate and oval mitochondria, lamellar Golgi complexes, small profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuolar organelles were randomly distributed around a round nucleus which usually contained a nucleolus and clumps of heterochromatin. Among the unusual morphological characteristics of these oocytes are 'membranous aggregates', membrane-bound organelles containing a complex of convoluted membranes, some very dense rod-like structures and a droplet of moderate density which resembles lipid. A similar droplet is frequently found in mitochondria. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in many of these oocytes, forming parallel arrays and concentric rings around the nucleus. Folded membrane complexes, apparent elaborations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, are frequently found in the cytoplasm in continuity with cisternae of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and associated with vesicles which often contain flocculent material. The morphology of Cebus oocytes suggests a greater rate of steroid and protein synthesis, transport, and storage than is usually indicated by the ultrastructure of other mammalian oocytes.


Standardized clinical examination can obviate the need for osteoarticular radiographs for trauma. This paper summarizes a number of decision rules that allow clinical exclusion of significant fracture of the cervical spine, elbow, knee or ankle, making radiographs unnecessary. These criteria were all derived from large cohort studies (Nexus, Ottawa, CCS, etc..., and have been prospectively validated. The rigorous use of these criteria in daily practice improves treatment times and costs with no adverse effect on treatment quality.


BY DR. CARON B. ROCKMAN The blood supply to a part of your brain is suddenly interrupted. ISCHEMIC STROKE, approximately 75% of all strokes, can occur when blood supply to your brain is blocked. HEMMORRHAGIC STROKE can occur when there is bleeding in your brain. (Pictured) TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA) or mini-stroke is a condition similar to stroke, but the symptoms only last seconds or a few minutes and completely resolve within 24 hours. Can be a warning sign of a future stroke, and medical attention should be sought as soon as possible.


Southwestern pinyon-juniper and juniper woodlands cover large areas of the western United States. The woodlands have been viewed as places of beauty and sources of valuable resource products or as weed-dominated landscapes that hinder the production of forage for livestock. They are special places because of the emo- tions and controversies that encircle their management. Silvicultural methods can be employed on better sites to meet multiresource objectives and to maintain the health and sustainability of the woodlands. Silviculture must be based on an understand- ing of the silvics of the woodlands and their major species. Single-tree selection and diameter-limit prescriptions are being evaluated in central Arizona. Silvopastoral prescriptions that can maintain the tree component and provide for increased forage production and improved wildlife habitat are being tested in New Mexico.


A novel adaptive sliding mode control method is proposed in this paper, which solves the problem of attitude precision tracking of reentry vehicles when existing both input saturation and mismatched disturbance. Firstly, to estimate the mismatched disturbance of the system accurately, the finite time convergence super-twisted disturbance observer is designed. Secondly, a new sliding mode surface is designed based on the estimated value of the mismatched disturbance. Furthermore, under the condition of considering the input saturation constraint, adaptive sliding mode control law is presented to ensure that the system can handle input saturation and mismatched disturbance effectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation.


H I-selected galaxies obey a linear relationship between their maximum detected radius Rmax and rotational velocity. This result covers measurements in the optical, ultraviolet, and H I emission in galaxies spanning a factor of 30 in size and velocity, from small dwarf irregulars to the largest spirals. Hence, galaxies behave as clocks, rotating once a Gyr at the very outskirts of their discs. Observations of a large optically selected sample are consistent, implying this relationship is generic to disc galaxies in the low redshift Universe. A linear radius–velocity relationship is expected from simple models of galaxy formation and evolution. The total mass within R_(max) has collapsed by a factor of 37 compared to the present mean density of the Universe. Adopting standard assumptions, we find a mean halo spin parameter λ in the range 0.020–0.035. The dispersion in λ, 0.16 dex, is smaller than expected from simulations. This may be due to the biases in our selection of disc galaxies rather than all haloes. The estimated mass densities of stars and atomic gas at R_(max) are similar (∼0.5 M⊙ pc^(−2)), indicating outer discs are highly evolved. The gas consumption and stellar population build time-scales are hundreds of Gyr, hence star formation is not driving the current evolution of outer discs. The estimated ratio between R_(max) and disc scalelength is consistent with long-standing predictions from monolithic collapse models. Hence, it remains unclear whether disc extent results from continual accretion, a rapid initial collapse, secular evolution, or a combination thereof.


The purpose of this study was to examine teaching competency for character education of early childhood teachers and their demands to improve their capacities. 152 kindergarten and child care teachers responded to 30 survey questionnaires, which included 3 sub-factors(commutative, practical, instrumental) of teaching competency for character education of the teachers, as well as 16 detailed components, designed to check their current competency for character education and to investigate the priority elements that they desired to improve. The data were analyzed based on the Borich request formula, the locus for focus model, and the independent sample t-test across the teacher groups. The results were as follows: Firstly, the most highly demanded teaching competency by the teachers was using tools interactively for character education. And the teachers, among the sub-elements, requested (a) recording and evaluating character education systematically, (b) using local or national resources, (c) planning member's participation, and (d) performing character education related activities systematically. Secondly, more new teachers demanded instrumental competency and answered the need of parents' participation among the sub-elements, more than the more experienced teachers, respectively. The study discussed the implications of promoting early childhood teachers' teaching competency for character education.


The Baltic region includes in this report Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark), the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Poland. This region is fairly heterogeneous as regards forest history, forest policy, forest economy as well as climate and conditions for forest growth. The climate of the Baltic region is cool, but still drastically modified by the Gulfstream which skirts the western coast of Scandinavia, giving rise to much warmer summers and milder winters than expected based on the latitude. The warming associated with climate change is expected to be particularly pronounced in winter and at high latitudes. In coastal areas precipitation may increase notably. With elevated temperature, the frequency of both spring frost and drought events is predicted to increase in continental parts. The vegetation and forest types are heterogeneous. Fennoscandia has a large proportion of boreal vegetation where coniferous forests dominate and many broadleaves common in Central Europe are rare and scattered.  In the Baltic region the most distinct marginal populations are those at the northern fringe of their distribution.  The distribution ranges are limited by a combination of different factors such as low winter temperatures, short growing season either for growth or for seed maturation, soil types and human influence. Fragmentation may limit gene flow between stands, and some populations also show slight inbreeding. The countries in the region have protected jointly 4,9 M ha in the main MCPFE categories. The northern part of the region seems to put more weight on nature conservation through no intervention whereas the southern part emphasizes conservation through active management. The countries of the Baltic region have uploaded altogether 1'172 in situ genetic conservation units in the European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (EUFGIS).


With this work we report on the characterization and reliability/stability study of photoluminescent materials for lighting applications. Photoluminescent materials (phosphors) are a primary component of the white solid state lighting systems. Being based on rare earth doped Alluminate, Silicate, Garnets or Nitride compounds they offer green, yellow and red photoluminescence, when excited with a blue radiation (445 – 455 nm), typically emitted by a Gallium Nitride based LED.
With this work we report on a characterization of Phosphor materials for lighting, particularly: a) phosphors directly deposited over LED chip, b) remote phosphor solutions encapsulated in plastic medium for LED lighting, C) phosphors without binder for extreme high intensity Laser Diode white lighting.
The optical and thermal properties of phosphors have been studied to develop solution based on mix compounds to achieve different Correlated Color Temperatures and high Color Rendering Index LEDs. Thermal properties of Cerium Doped YAG phosphors materials have been evaluated in order to study the thermal quenching. A maximum phosphor operating temperature of 190-200 °C has been found to cause a sensible efficiency degeneration. Reduced efficiency and Stokes shift, also cause a localized temperature increase in the photoluminescent materials. In the case of remote phosphors, heat does not find a low thermal resistance path to the heatsink (as occurs through the GaN LED chip, for direct phosphor converted devices), thermal analysis indicate that material temperature might therefore increase up to values in excess of 60°C when a radiation of 435 mW/cm2 hits the sample template.
Reliability has also been investigated both for plastic encapsulated materials and binder free depositions: pure thermal reliability study indicate that phosphors encapsulated in Polycarbonate material are stable up to temperature of approximately 100 °C, while binder free phosphor do not show any sensible degradation up to temperatures of 525 °C.


Smoking is associated with AML and lung cancer, suggesting a common carcinogenic origin and raising the question of how to treat patients with concomitant cancer presentations. The Roswell Park Cancer Institute Tumor Registry was searched for patients with both diagnoses, followed by medical record review. Among 775 AML cases and 5225 lung cancer cases presented to Roswell Park Cancer Institute between January 1992 and May 2008 we identified twelve patients with both AML and lung cancer (1.5% of AML cases; 0.2% of lung cancer cases). Of these, seven cases had metachronous and five cases had synchronous presentation. Eleven of the twelve (92%) patients had a known smoking history; five (42%) of them were males. The median age at the respective diagnoses was 65 (range 58–85) years for AML and 66 (range 53–79) years for lung cancer. Five of the twelve (42%) patients had a complex karyotype. Metachronous group: Lung cancer preceded AML in six patients by a median interval of eight (range five-14) years, while AML preceded the diagnosis of lung cancer in one patient by three years. For their lung cancer, five patients had surgical resection. Two had definitive chemoradiation, one patient had adjuvant chemotherapy and one patient had adjuvant radiation suggesting that their subsequent AML was secondary. Two patients had preceding MDS even though they underwent only surgical resection for their lung cancer. For their AML, five of the seven patients were treated with cytarabine and anthracycline-containing regimens; two achieved complete remission, two had primary refractory disease and one patient died during induction. One patient with primary refractory disease underwent sibling matched allogeneic transplantation and is still alive in remission. The median survival for lung cancer was 65 (range 22–120) months. The median survival since AML diagnosis was less than one (range Synchronous group: All five patients were treated initially for AML with cytarabine and anthracycline-containing regimens; two achieved complete remission, two had refractory disease and one patient had prolonged cytopenia. Two patients underwent surgical resection for their lung cancer after treatment for AML and one had palliative radiation. The median survival was five (range three-21) months and four of the five patients died of AML related causes. Conclusions: Less than 2% of AML patients present with lung cancer. Prior chemoradiation for non small cell lung cancer may be a risk factor for secondary AML but does not explain development of AML in the majority of patients, suggesting a potential role of prior tobacco use as a common carcinogenic risk factor. Although AML and lung cancers both carry poor prognoses, our data imply that AML has a more aggressive course than lung cancer and is the main cause of mortality in these patients. This miniseries highlights again the need for enforcing smoking cessation.


In this paper, we briefly review the holographic dark energy model and introduce the idea that dark energy is a kind of thermal energy related to the quantum entanglement of the vacuum across a cosmic future event horizon. The holographic dark energy model comes from a theoretical attempt to apply the holographic principle to the dark energy problem and follows the idea that the short distance cut-off or ultraviolet (UV) cut-off is related to the long distance cut-off or infrared (IR) cut-off. The IR cut-off relevant to dark energy is the size of the future event horizon. This model gives a holographic dark energy comparable to the observational data. Though this model is in good agreement with observational data, some problems (non-locality, circular logic, causality problem, etc.) exist due to the use of the future event horizon as a present IR cut-off. These problems of the holographic dark energy model are considerably resolved using action principle and equations of motion. Finally, we discuss the relation between quantum entanglement and dark energy which is connected to the more fundamental relation between entanglement and gravity.


Currently, data generated by smart devices connected through the Internet is increasing relentlessly. An effective and efficient paradigm is needed to deal with the bulk amount of data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT). Deep learning and edge computing are the emerging technologies, which are used for efficient processing of huge amount of data with distinct accuracy. In this world of advanced information systems, one of the major issues is authentication. Several techniques have been employed to solve this problem. Face recognition is considered as one of the most reliable solutions. Usually, for face recognition, scale-invariant feature transforms (SIFT) and speeded up robust features (SURF) have been used by the research community. This paper proposes an algorithm for face detection and recognition based on convolution neural networks (CNN), which outperform the traditional techniques. In order to validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, a smart classroom for the student's attendance using face recognition has been proposed. The face recognition system is trained on publically available labeled faces in the wild (LFW) dataset. The system can detect approximately 35 faces and recognizes 30 out of them from the single image of 40 students. The proposed system achieved 97.9% accuracy on the testing data. Moreover, generated data by smart classrooms is computed and transmitted through an IoT-based architecture using edge computing. A comparative performance study shows that our architecture outperforms in terms of data latency and real-time response.


A method for the simultaneous determination of five inorganic anions(F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NO2-) in drinking water by ion chromatograghy using directconductivity detection is proposed.Chromatographic separation of common inorganic anions in drinking water on a IonPac AS11(4 mm×250 mm) anion exchange column.KOH is used as eluent.The effects of the types of eluent concentration,flow rate and column temperature on separation and retention time of the anions are investigated.The optimized chromatographic conditions for the separation and determination of five inorganic anions are as follows: 23.0 mmol/L KOH as the eluent,a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and column temperature of 31.0 ℃.There relative standard deviations(RSD) of the concentrationare as for five anions are from 0.14% to 1.78%(n=4),the relative error are between 0.72% and 3.17%,and the recoveries are between 97.5% and 105.0%.A sample can be analyzed within 9 min.The method is simple and rapid.The results are accurate and reliable.The method is applied to determinate inorganic anions in drinking water.The results are satisfactory.


A Modern energy minimization method is designated in this paper for the estimation of bias field and segmentation of MR images. The energy minimization takes the full reward of the decomposition of MR images into two components, which are original image that a physical property of the tissues and the bias field that accounts for the intensity inhomogeneity, and their various spatial properties. Optimization of Bias Field and segmentation of tissues are carried out at the same time by energy minimization process. The bias field is infinitely adjusted by using effective matrix mathematical operations, which are verified to be mathematically stable by matrix analysis. More importantly, the energy in our formulation is convex in each of its variables, which indications the robustness of the suggested energy minimization algorithm. We have prefaced an optimization known as optimization of intrinsic components which demonstrates the image energy graph for energy minimization.


Second, in both techniques, the 12mm cannula for the working instruments and gallbladder extraction is placed in the upper left quadrant. This incision has to be extended or forcefully stretched in patients with large gallstones. Unfortunately, this feature was not compared. The resulting scar −2 cm or more – in this prominent region can be a cause of cosmetic displeasure. However, only 'very satisfied', as opposed to 'not very satisfied', patients were compared. In an optimal technique, the 10/12-mm specimen port is concealed in the umbilical region, where all our patients expressed satisfaction with the aesthetic result, regardless of whether the accessory ports were 3-mm or 5mm (data presented at 8th Scientific Meeting, Baptist Hospital, Hong Kong, 2002). W. T. Ng Department of Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4623


The geometries, stabilities, and energetics of aluminum doped boron clusters, up to 13-atom, and their various hydrogenated complexes have been investigated via the density functional theory (DFT). The geometry optimizations have been carried out by using B3LYP functional and 6-311++G11 basis set. Up to 5-atom clusters arrangements of the atoms, in the most stable structures, have two-dimensional forms. From 6- to 13-atom clusters three-dimensional forms are favored by the lowest energy structures. Hydrogen hosting effects the structures of AlBn clusters. Adding an Al atom to the cage B12 leads structural changes but hydrogenated boron, B12H12 can resist to Al effect.


Abstract. We investigate the formation and evolution of dipole vortices and their contribution to water exchange through idealized tidal straits. Self-propagating dipoles are important for transporting and exchanging water properties through straits and inlets in coastal regions. In order to obtain a robust data-set to evaluate flow separation, dipole formation and evolution and the effect on water exchange, we conduct 164 numerical simulations, varying the width and length of the straits as well as the tidal forcing. We show that dipoles are formed and start propagating at the time of flow separation, and their vorticity originates in the velocity front formed by the separation. We find that the dipole propagation velocity is proportional to the tidal velocity amplitude, and twice as large as the dipole velocity derived for a dipole consisting of two point vortices. We analyse the processes creating a net water exchange through the straits and derive a kinematic model dependent on dimensionless parameters representing strait length, dipole travel distance and dipole size. The net tracer transport resulting from the kinematic model agrees closely with the numerical simulations and provide understanding of the processes controlling net water exchange.


Bacterial biofilms have been implicated in many chronic infective diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therapeutic ultrasound enhances the breakdown of bacterial biofilms and is clinically effective in CRS treatment, while phonophoresis has also been utilized for antibiotic delivery through the skin. The objective of this case report is to describe the results of a novel treatment, erythromycin phonophoresis, in a woman with CRS. A 31-year-old woman with a 7-month history of CRS refractory to conventional medical management was treated with erythromycin phonophoresis to both maxillary sinuses. Individual sinus symptom severity was assessed and sinus CT scans were obtained both pretreatment and posttreatment. After treatment, the total sinusitis symptom score improved from 12 to 0 and the CT scan showed almost complete disease resolution. At 5-month follow-up, the patient reported sustained improvement. Erythromycin phonophoresis has potential as an effective treatment for CRS.


The Advanced-IRB banks should be able to demonstrate to the regulatory supervisors that the long-run LGDs and downturn LGDs are validated with their own data on historical recovery rates. For defaulted exposures, the CRD (Capital Requirements Directive) requires the use of the best estimate of expected loss (BEEL) and of the potential LGD (PLGD) that reflects possible additional unexpected losses during the recovery period. This paper attempts to provide a concrete illustration of the method that allows one to compute various LGD estimates, particularly the BEEL and PLGD, the latter of which have been often overlooked in the previous studies. The proposed LGD model is essentially the same as the single-factor model developed by such authors as Frye (2000) and Dullmann and Trapp (2004), among others, and is applicable to banks which experience the data scarcity in preparing the adoption of the Advanced-IRB approach. By considering the extreme quantile value of the latent factor implied from the model, this model can also be used to generate stress LGD for a stress testing purpose dictated in Pillar Ⅱ of the New Accord.


The metJ193 allele encodes one of two identified temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli K-12 met repressors. The nucleotide sequence of the metJ193 allele was determined. The point mutation was a T to A transversion at base 170 of the metJ193 open reading frame and resulted in the substitution of leucine by glutamine at the 56th amino acid residue of the MetJ193 protein. The mutational lesion altered the hydrophobic pocket responsible for in vitro binding of the corepressor S-adenosylmethionine by wild-type MetJ. MetJ193 protein formed at the permissive temperature (28 degrees C) allowed slow derepression of met regulon expression when cultures were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature (34 degrees C). When 28 degrees C cultures of strains bearing two metJ193 alleles were transferred from methionine-containing medium to minimal medium, derepression of met regulon expression did not occur quickly enough to avoid a lag in growth due to the methionine deprivation. The inability of the MetJ193 protein to easily accomplish transition between apo- and active-repressor conformations was also demonstrated by using a maxicell system to study expression of a plasmid-borne copy of the E. coli metF transcription unit. These results confirm the importance of the leucine 56 residue for the structure and function in vivo of the wild-type MetJ protein.


ABSTRACT Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are strongly implicated in tumor progression, including in the processes of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The targeting of CAFs using various therapeutic approaches is a novel treatment strategy; however, the efficacy of such therapies remains limited. Recently, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), which is a novel targeted therapy employing a cell-specific mAb conjugated to a photosensitizer, has been introduced as a new type of phototherapy. In this study, we have developed a novel NIR-PIT technique to target CAFs, by focusing on fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and we evaluate the treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Esophageal carcinoma cells exhibited enhanced activation of fibroblasts, with FAP over-expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. FAP-IR700-mediated PIT showed induced rapid cell death specifically for those cells in vitro and in vivo, without adverse effects. This novel therapy for CAFs, designed as local control phototherapy, was safe and showed a promising inhibitory effect on FAP+ CAFs. PIT targeting CAFs via the specific marker FAP may be a therapeutic option for CAFs in the tumor microenvironment in the future.


The authors report a rare case of composite tumour of the stomach in a 53-year-old woman documenting the neuroendocrine and glandular features of the tumour by means of immunohistochemical investigations. The authors examine the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities currently available for the management of this group of rare tumours of uncertain histogenesis. They conclude in favour of elective surgical treatment depending on the site and stage of the tumour in keeping with the data reported in the literature. They also discuss the prognosis of such tumours.


Throughput unfairness in TCP between upflows over an IEEE 802.11 WLAN is a well known issue. However, this holds true only if the network has no or very little packet loss. The packet loss rate in a wired network is, in fact, not negligible. We quantitatively evaluated the effect of TCP data packet loss in a wired network connected to a wireless LAN. The simulation results show that an increase in the packet loss causes not only TCP throughput degradation but also improvement in fairness between TCP upflows


Automatically identifying persons in a particular role within a large corpus can be a difficult task, especially if you don't know who you are actually looking for. Resources compiling names of persons can be available, but no exhaustive lists exist. However, such lists usually contain known names that are "visible" in the national public sphere, and tend to ignore the marginal and international ones. In this article we propose a method for automatically generating suggestions of names found in a corpus of Norwegian news articles, and which "naturally" belong to a given initial list of members, and that were not known (compiled in a list) beforehand. The approach is based, in part, on the assumption that surface level syntactic features reveal parts of the underlying semantic content and can help uncover the structure of the language.


At the beginning of the last year of its larval life, the nymph of Guyalna chlorogena builds, from a vertical well, which is the result of a verticalization process from a deep horizontal gallery, a clay turret 20 to 40 cm high which appears as a regulating device of the physico-chemical conditions inside the burrow. The construction of the turret is remarkable for its finish. The nymph maintains, repairs and rebuilds it if necessary. It opens and closes it under certain circumstances. Before moulting, the nymph comes out at the top, opening it according to a set protocol and time schedule, using its chitins' forelegs. The burrow is associated in a commensal relationship with arborescent Fabaceae species (of the Tachigali genus) through its nutrition mode, the suction of the elaborated sap in fine roots, close to the meristems.


Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch.


Adsorption is a well- recognized technique for treatment of wastewater streams containing petroleum effluents. The study undertaken aims to study the possibility of Neem leaves to be used as an effective biosorbents for the removal of oil from oil-water mixture. Neem leaves as biosorbents were employed to treat oily waste streams. The effects of biosorbent dosage, contact time and pH were evaluated. The optimal parameters were determined to be 2 g/L biosorbent dosage, pH 10 and equilibrium time of one hour. The adsorption of crude oil on Neem leaves powder (NLP) was best described by Langmuir isotherm and crude oil adsorption kinetics was determined to follow pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. At optimal parameters, NLP was able to reduce crude oil concentration in tap water below the detectable limit, strongly suggesting the use of NLP as alternative to other adsorbents for oil-water emulsion treatments.


We introduce the Globally Normalized Autoregressive Transducer (GNAT) for addressing the label bias problem in streaming speech recognition. Our solution admits a tractable exact computation of the denominator for the sequence-level normalization. Through theoretical and empirical results, we demonstrate that by switching to a globally normalized model, the word error rate gap between streaming and non-streaming speech-recognition models can be greatly reduced (by more than 50\% on the Librispeech dataset). This model is developed in a modular framework which encompasses all the common neural speech recognition models. The modularity of this framework enables controlled comparison of modelling choices and creation of new models.


The UC Merced's CARE Office guide serves as an introduction to library resources, research, & information related to Frida Kahlo & Latinx feminism.


A new resistively loaded vee dipole (RVD) is designed and implemented for ultrawide-band short-pulse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications. The new RVD is improved in terms of voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and front-to-back ratio while maintaining many advantages of the typical RVD, such as the ability to radiate a short-pulse into a small spot on the ground, a low radar cross section, applicability in an array, etc. The improvements are achieved by curving the arms and modifying the Wu-King loading profile. The curve and the loading profile are designed to decrease the reflection at the drive point of the antenna while increasing the forward gain. The new RVD is manufactured by printing the curved arms on a thin Kapton film and loading them with chip resistors, which approximate the continuous loading profile. The number of resistors is chosen such that the resonant frequency due to the resistor spacing occurs at a frequency higher than the operation bandwidth. The antenna and balun are made in a module by sandwiching them between two blocks of polystyrene foam, attaching a plastic support, and encasing the foam blocks in heat-sealable plastic. The antenna module is mechanically reliable without significant performance degradation. The use of the new RVD module in a GPR system is also demonstrated with an experiment.


A recent attempt to make sense of scalars in AdS with "Neumann boundary conditions" outside of the usual BF-window −(d/2)2 < m2l2 < −(d/2)2 + 1 led to pathologies including (depending on the precise context) either IR divergences or the appearance of ghosts. Here we argue that such ghosts may be banished by imposing a UV cutoff. It is also possible to achieve this goal in certain UV completions. An example is the above AdS theory with a radial cutoff supplemented by particular boundary conditions on the cutoff surface. In this case we explicitly identify a region of parameter space for which the theory is ghost free. At low energies, this theory may be interpreted as the standard dual CFT (defined with "Dirichlet" boundary conditions) interacting with an extra scalar via an irrelevant interaction. We also discuss the relationship to recent works on holographic fermi surfaces and quantum criticality. 1 ar X iv :1 11 2. 30 85 v1 [ he pth ] 1 4 D ec 2 01 1


Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is invaluable in the diagnosis and management of heart disease. It provides essential information on myocardial blood flow and ischemia. Multi-pinhole dedicated cardiac-SPECT cameras offer improved count sensitivity, and spatial and energy resolutions over parallel-hole camera designs however variable sensitivity across the field-of-view (FOV) can lead to position-dependent noise variations. Since MPI evaluates differences in the signal-to-noise ratio, noise variations in the camera could significantly impact the sensitivity of the test for ischemia. We evaluated the noise characteristics of GE Healthcare's Discovery NM530c camera with a goal of optimizing the accuracy of our patient assessment and thereby improving outcomes. Theoretical sensitivity maps of the camera FOV, including attenuation effects, were estimated analytically based on the distance and angle between the spatial position of a given voxel and each pinhole. The standard deviation in counts, σ was inferred for each voxel position from the square root of the sensitivity mapped at that position. Noise was measured experimentally from repeated (N=16) acquisitions of a uniform spherical Tc-99m-water phantom. The mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) were calculated for each voxel position in the reconstructed FOV. Noise increased ∼2.1× across a 12more » cm sphere. A correlation of 0.53 is seen when experimental noise is compared with theory suggesting that ∼53% of the noise is attributed to the combined effects of attenuation and the multi-pinhole geometry. Further investigations are warranted to determine the clinical impact of the position-dependent noise variation.« less


ADP ribosylation in the presence of cholera or pertussis toxin indicated the presence of G-proteins in Nb2 cell membranes. Two protein bands, with mol wt of 43.5K and 46.5K, were radiolabeled by cholera toxin, while a single protein (41.5K mol wt) was ADP ribosylated by pertussis toxin. Northern hybridization of total RNA from Nb2 cells with specific cDNA probes indicated the presence of mRNA transcripts encoding Gs, Gi2, Go, and, to a lesser extent, Gi3. A characteristic of receptors coupled to G-proteins is that their binding properties are regulated by guanine nucleotides. The binding of [125I]human GH to the lactogen receptor as well as the binding of [125I]IL-2 to the IL-2 receptor were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by GTP, GDP, and the analog guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). GMP, however, had no effect. The addition of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate to regenerate GTP from GDP greatly increased the apparent potency of GTP. Cholera toxin inhibited PRL- and interleukin-2-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the Nb2 cells. In contrast, pertussis toxin had a differential effect on PRL- and IL-2-stimulated cells. Pertussis toxin, at an optimal concentration of 0.01 ng/ml, significantly enhanced the stimulatory effects of PRL on DNA synthesis (P less than or equal to 0.01; n = 9) and cell proliferation (P less than or equal to 0.05; n = 9) compared with the effect of PRL alone. However, at higher concentrations the toxin inhibited PRL-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Complete inhibition was achieved with 1000 ng/ml toxin. In contrast to the biphasic effect on PRL-stimulated cells, pertussis toxin was only weakly inhibitory to cells treated with IL-2. At the highest concentration tested, pertussis toxin (1000 ng/ml) inhibited IL-2-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell growth by only 30-35%. (Bu)2cAMP (IC50 = 0.019 mM) or methylxanthine (MIX; IC50 = 0.25 mM) also inhibited PRL-stimulated DNA synthesis. In the absence of mitogen, neither agent, from 0.0001-1 mM, had any effect on DNA synthesis. Similarly, IL-2-stimulated DNA synthesis in Nb2 cells was inhibited by (Bu)2cAMP (IC50 = 0.019 mM) or MIX (IC50 = 0.072 mM). However, MIX was approximately 3 times as potent in inhibiting the cell response to IL-2 as that to PRL. The susceptibility of Nb2 cells to both bacterial toxins suggests a role for G-proteins in regulating PRL- or IL-2-stimulated mitogenesis in these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Abstract:  A cross‐sectional study has been carried out in order to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in susceptible hosts in the Punjab region (Pakistan). A total of 170 equines and 150 dromedary camels were examined. Five (3.3%) and 6 (4%) camels were positive at parasitological and serological examination, respectively. None of the equines tested positive at any method. These results seem to indicate that T. evansi infection has a relatively low prevalence in the Punjab region. However, efforts must be done in order to establish control measures in affected herds and avoid dissemination of the disease.


In tonal languages, the role of intonation in information-structuring has yet to be fully investigated. Intuitively, one would expect intonation to play only a small role in expressing communicative functions. However, experimental studies with Vietnamese native speakers show that intonation contours vary across different contexts and are used to mark certain types of information, for example, focus (Jannedy, 2007). In non-tonal languages (e.g., English), the marking of focus by intonation can influence the processing of focus alternatives (Fraundorf, Watson, & Benjamin, 2010). If Vietnamese also uses intonation to mark focus, the question arises whether the behavioral consequences of prosodic focus marking in Vietnamese are comparable to languages such as English or German. To test this, we replicate a study on memory for focus alternatives, originally carried out in German (Koch & Spalek, in progress), with Vietnamese language stimuli. In the original study, memory for focus alternatives was improved in a delayed recall task for focused elements produced with contrastive intonation in female speakers. Here, we replicate this finding with Northern Vietnamese native speakers: Contrastive intonation seems to improve later recall for focus alternatives in Northern Vietnamese, but only for female participants, in line with the findings by Koch and Spalek (in progress). These results indicate that prosodic focus marking in Vietnamese makes alternatives to the focused element more salient.


The treadmill exercise test (TET) is evaluated by exercise-induced ST-segment depression (delta ST). However, the depression sometimes only appears during the post-exercise period. Depression appearing only during the post-exercise period may be as useful as depression during exercise to predict coronary artery disease, but little is known about factors that may affect ST depression after exercise. The clinical significance and mechanism of post-exercise ST depression were investigated in patients with coronary artery disease. Target heart rate- or symptom-limited TET was performed in 531 male patients with definitive effort angina pectoris or myocardial infarction using the Bruce protocol. Patients were divided into four groups according to delta ST during exercise and 1-2 min after exercise; 1) no TET or post-exercise delta ST (Nn, n = 192), 2) only post-exercise delta ST (Np, n = 36), 3) only TET delta ST (Pn, n = 112), 4) both TET and post-exercise delta ST (Pp, n = 66). Patient profiles, parameters during TET, echocardiographic and coronary angiographic findings and outcome during the year after TET were compared between the Nn and Np or Pn and Pp groups. The percentage of patients treated with beta-blocker was higher in the Np than that in the Nn group (Nn: 45%, Np: 64%, p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure declined at 1 min after exercise from peak exercise in the Nn, but not in the Np group (Nn: 175 --> 167 mmHg, p < 0.05; Np: 170 --> 170 mmHg, not significant). There was no difference in age, other parameters during TET, echocardiographic and coronary angiographic findings and outcome between the Nn and Np group. The incidence of right coronary artery stenosis and that of patients with multi-vessel disease were higher in the Pp than those in the Pn group (Pn: 41%, 58%, Pp: 65%, 73%, both p < 0.05). The occurrence of chest pain during exercise was higher in the Pp than the Pn group in spite of less delta ST at peak exercise. However, systolic blood pressure declined after exercise in the Pn group, but not in the Pp group (Pn: 164 --> 158 mmHg, p < 0.05; Pp: 166 --> 164 mmHg, not significant). These results confirmed that the clinical significance of post-exercise delta ST in patients without TET delta ST differs from that in patients with TET delta ST and suggests that post-exercise delta ST without delta ST during exercise may be associated with an abnormal response to imbalances in the cardiovascular sympathetic system in the post-exercise period rather than with myocardial ischemia.


Derating is practice that is recommended by the capacitor manufacturers to their users to apply less than rated voltage to these parts in applications. The intent is to reduce the failures for these devices. The recommended derating for the three devices covered by this paper are 50% (Ta-MnO2: use at 50% of rated voltage-VR), 20%10% (Ta-Polymer: use at 80% VR for VR >10VDC, at 90% VR for VR <=10VDC), and 0, or 'No Derating' (Aluminum-Polymer: use at rated voltage). The impact of the materials and processes on these three devices is explored with emphasis on fault creation due to the changes. The internal structures where the dielectric oxide and the cathode system interface are the focal point of the analysis. The differences related to circuit performance are indicated through the Step Stress Surge Testing (SSST) as previously defined and presented at CARTS 2001. Long-term reliability predictions The failures that the manufacturers are most concerned with are related more to turn-on or infant mortality types of failures. Based on the typical bathtub, failure-rate and time relationship, long-term failures are never reported to the component manufacturers, but turn-on failures are a very divisive issue. The tantalum manufacturers defend that there is no wear-out mechanism in the tantalum capacitors because of this history and the declining failure rates exhibited in long term life testing. Failures related to a stress application over a long period of time can be found in the documentation related to this exposure, MIL-HDBK-217F Notice 2 , for almost all types of capacitors. The calculation result is the FIT or the failures in time (expressed as parts per billion piecehours). A brief example of the relationships expressed can be seen in Figure 2, for a "Tantalum Capacitor with a Solid Cathode" system. The first formula in this figure represents the FIT calculation factored by quality, voltage, temperature, and environmental factors. Formula (2) allows a choice between the CWR (tantalum SMT chips) versus the CSR (tantalum leaded). From this example, it is important to note that the multiplier for the application voltages above 60% of rated has a tremendous impact on this reliability prediction as this ratio is then raised to the 17 power. The relationships, exponential powers, and base multipliers vary depending on the type of capacitor, and vary considerably for film, ceramic, and aluminum electrolytic types. With the complexity of the calculations and the varying elements of these calculations, the FIT generation is not simple. KEMET does offer a "FIT Calculator" which can be accessed readily as downloadable Windows software from the KEMET web site, and an example of the calculator can be seen in Figure 3. The application and environmental factors can be manipu-


Background: We aimed to examine the discriminant validity of a brief self-administered cognitive screening test, the Test Your Memory (TYM) and a brief neuropsychological test, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), supplemented with executive and language tests (Color Trail Test [CTT] and modified Boston Naming Test [mBNT], respectively), in detecting cognitive impairment (CI) in a one-stop memory clinic in Singapore. Methods: Ninety patients ≥50 years old with a diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer disease were recruited from memory clinic. They received the TYM, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), RBANS, CTT, mBNT, and a gold-standard formal neuropsychological test battery. Results: The TYM had a significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) than MMSE (0.96 vs 0.88, P = .03) and was equivalent to MoCA in detecting CI (0.96 vs 0.95, P = .80). At the optimal cutoff points, the TYM (<38) was significantly more sensitive than the MMSE (<24) and MoCA (<20; P < .001). The RBANS had an AUC equivalent to the RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT (0.92 vs 0.86, P = .22) in detecting CI. The RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT was more sensitive than RBANS alone in detecting CI (sensitivity: 0.98 vs 0.93, P = .016) among patients screened negative using TYM. Conclusion: The self-administered TYM is superior to MMSE and equivalent to MoCA in detecting CI and could be implemented routinely. The RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT is more sensitive in detecting CI than RBANS alone therefore could be used for diagnostic purposes.


We specify a model for the conceptual interpretation of relative adjectives (like "big"), which covers a crucial aspect of the underlying comprehension process – the comparison to a norm that is associated with a comparison class. Building on an elaborate domain ontology and knowledge about intercorrelations, comparison classes are dynamically created depending on the context in which adjectival utterances occur.


Aim: To identify novel diagnostic markers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we analyzed miRNAs in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Materials and Methods: EVs were purified from serum of healthy controls and patients with localized and advanced RCC using T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 4 conjugated to magnetic beads. miRNA profiling of EVs was conducted by microarray analysis. miRNA expression was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Lastly, proteomic analysis of RCC cells transfected with a miRNA inhibitor was performed to identify its potential targets. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that nine miRNAs were increased by more than 1.5-fold in EVs from patients with RCC. Among them, miRNA-4525 was significantly elevated; miRNA-4525 expression was higher in RCC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue. Proteomic analysis identified alpha fetoprotein and albumin as its potential targets. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential of miRNA-4525 in serum EVs as a novel biomarker for advanced RCC.


Recent genomic-based studies have suggested ovarian cancer is a disease of copy instability, with 63 regions of focal amplification, rather than a disease driven by mutation. However, this analysis has been unable to identify changes in protein expression, modification, and activity. In this study we developed a highly quantitative MS/MS approach to examine the ratio of protein levels, combining TMT labeling with a number of motif and site-specific antibodies to identify deregulated signaling pathways between tumor and normal specimens. We identified over 1400 uniquely upregulated proteins, and over 1600 upregulated post-translational modification sites across 79 tumors and 19 normal tissue samples. We were able to survey activity of over 400 kinases and over 100 other enzymes as well as the substrates associated with them. Our study was able to map these upregulated proteins based on abundance and activity level to their regions of focal amplifications. By focusing on activated cell circuitry, the approach outlined here provides insight into cancer biology not available at the chromosomal and transcriptional levels. This approach may reveal new connections among pathways and candidates for therapeutics and diagnostics.

Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B197.

Citation Format: Klarisa Rikova, Benjamin Hall, Tyler Levy, Anthony Possemato, Yi Wang, Kimberly Lee, Joan MacNeil, Ailan Guo, Daniel Mulhern, Caroline Keroack, Jian M. Ren, Sean A. Beausoleil, Scott Lonning, Michael J. Comb. Proteomic based analysis of ovarian cancer pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B197.


Clitics and agreement are in competition as alternative devices for crossreferencing arguments. This paper demonstrates that a small set of constraints developed in work on OT Syntax to account for aspects of agreement and clitic behavior in nominative-accusative languages, when reranked, predicts the existence not only of simple ergative cross-referencing patterns (e.g. as in Selayarese), but also complex split ergative patterns (e.g. as in Yimas). This exciting result indicates that the OT approach to clitics and agreement is on the right track, and it provides further support for the claim in Woolford 1997, 2001, based on Case, that no additional machinery or parameters have to be added to the theory to account for ergative languages.


The entire process of Globalization is more and more considered as an opportunity for corporations to growth and exploit resources, knowledge and new markets worldwide. However managers and corporations are often under pressures from institutions and public opinion due to their irresponsible behavior, especially in less developed countries, which many authors described as "a global race to the bottom", referring to the inability of creating long term entrepreneurial projects and sustainable development a global level preferring short term orientation and profit maximization. But, what are the reasons of such awareness beyond enterprises' activity? Why is it important to understand their behavior in less developed countries as a key aspect for achieving a sustainable developed model? Are only the multinational corporations, able to dedicate resources and investments to CSR activities, responsible of such sustainable development model creation? This paper present a literature review about the relation of globalization and corporate social responsibility, trying to achieve conclusions in the field of a) the relations among firms' dimensions and resources available to be dedicated to CSR activities and b) correlation among firms' dimensions and the steady of evolution of CSR activity performed. We will therefore present an integration of two important model recognized in the international literature to show the steps in the CSR activities that lead firms to structures themselves and create a constant dialogue with stakeholders.


Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) is, traditionally, the most studied serotype due to its association with explosive outbreaks and severe cases. In Brazil, almost 20 years after the first introduction in the 1990s, a new lineage (Lineage II) of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype emerged and caused an epidemic with severe cases and hospitalizations. Severe dengue includes multiple organ failure, and renal involvement can be potentially related to increased mortality. In order to better understand the role of DENV infection in renal injury, here we aimed to investigate the outcomes of infection with two distinct lineages of DENV-2 Asian/American genotype in the kidney of a murine model. BALB/c mice were infected with Lineages I and II and tissues were submitted to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry and ultrastructural analysis. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was detected in blood sample accessed by cardiac puncture. A tendency in kidney weight increase was observed in mice infected with both lineages, but urea levels, on average, were increased only in mice infected with Lineage II. The DENV antigen was detected in the tissue of mice infected with Lineage II and morphological changes were similar to those observed in human dengue cases. Furthermore, the parameters such as organ weight, urea levels and morphometric analysis, showed significant differences between the two lineages in the infected BALB/c, which was demonstrated to be a suitable experimental model for dengue pathophysiology studies in kidneys.


This paper presents an analysis of the results of field water infiltration tests of windows and sliding glass door assemblies that were conducted within the last five years. In all cases, the tests were conducted during the new construction process. The tests were performed using ASTM Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference (E 1105). The results show a majority of windows and sliding glass door assemblies fail initial field water infiltration tests, which is compelling evidence that these tests are prudent as part of a new construction process.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine whether facility ownership (public, private nonprofit, private for-profit ownership) was associated with provision of suicide prevention programs.

METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study identified self-reported suicide prevention program status across 7,597 mental health facilities with outpatient settings by using data from the 2019 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator. Multivariable logistic regression models examined whether facility ownership was associated with availability of these programs.

RESULTS
In 2019, only 61.2% of facilities provided outpatient suicide prevention programs. Higher odds of program provision were associated with public ownership (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.37-1.97, p<0.001), facilities serving young adults (AOR=2.16, 95% CI=1.66-2.82, p<0.001) or serving seniors (AOR=1.44, 95% CI=1.27-1.63, p<0.001), and facilities accepting Medicare (AOR=1.34, 95% CI=1.16-1.53, p<0.001), compared with their counterparts, with significant differences across facility ownership types by rurality of locations. Facilities accepting uninsured patients (AOR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.98, p=0.027) or Medicaid patients (AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.62-0.92, p=0.006) had lower odds of providing these programs.

CONCLUSIONS
Facility ownership contributed to significantly different decisions on provision of outpatient suicide prevention programs. Maldistribution of these services should raise concerns, given nationwide efforts to prevent suicide and weak ownership regulations for mental health facilities. Understanding barriers and facilitators for deployment of these programs may improve access to suicide prevention services for all, especially for eligible patients in rural areas.


Pavlovian influences impair instrumental learning. It is easier to learn to approach reward-predictive signals and avoid punishment-predictive cues than their contrary. Whether the interindividual variability in this Pavlovian influence is consistent across time has been examined by a number of recent studies and met with mixed results. Here we introduce an open-source, web-based instance of a well-established Go–NoGo paradigm for measuring Pavlovian influence. We closely replicated the previous laboratory-based results. Moreover, the interindividual differences in Pavlovian influence were consistent across a two-week time window at the level of (i) raw measures of learning (i.e. performance accuracy), (ii) linear, descriptive estimates of Pavlovian bias (test–retest reliability: 0.40), and (iii) parameters obtained from reinforcement learning model fitting and model selection (test–retest reliability: 0.25). Nonetheless, the correlations reported here are still lower than the standards (i.e. 0.7) employed in psychometrics and self-reported measures. Our results provide support for trusting Pavlovian bias as a relatively stable individual characteristic and for using its measure in the computational understanding of human mental health.


Summary Rosa damascena has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine for different therapeutic purposes. In order to preliminarily study the probable toxic effects of the plant, its infusion was orally administered to 5 groups of 5 dogs at doses 0.5-8 times that of human use in traditional medicine (90-1440 mg/kg/d) for 10 successive days. The dogs in the control group (n=4) received placebo. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin and protein were measured in all experimental groups at days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10. Except for a transient increase in bilirubin levels (day 3) and a rise in serum ALT at day 10, both with the highest dose of the treatment, there were no statistical differences between different experimental groups compared to the control. The results suggest minimal nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic effects for the infusion of R. damascena, however, the medication may be hepatotoxic at extraordinary high doses.


First coined by Stanley Cohen in 1972, 'moral panic' is a key term in media studies, used to refer to sudden eruptions of indignant concern about social issues. An occurrence of moral panic is characterised by stylized and stereotypical representation by the mass media, and a tendency for those in power to claim the moral high ground and pronounce judgement. In this important book, Chas Critcher brings together essential readings on moral panics, which he contextualises in the light of moral panic scholarship through an editor's introduction and concise section introductions. The first section discusses moral panic models, and includes contributions on the history and intellectual background of the concept. Differences in thinking between British and American moral panic scholarship are also examined. A second section features important case studies, including AIDS, Satanism, drugs, paedophilia and asylum seekers. This is followed by readings that look at themes such as the importance of language, rhetoric and discourse; the dynamics of media reporting and how it affects public opinion; and the idea of the 'risk society'. Finally, readings critique and debate the use and relevance of moral panic models. "Critical Readings: Moral Panics And The Media" is a valuable resource for students and researchers in media studies, criminology and sociology. It includes essays by: David L. Altheide, Nachman Ben-Yehuda, Joel Best, Theodore Chiricos, John Clarke, Stan Cohen, Chas Critcher, Mary deYoung, Julie Dickinson, Erich Goode, Johanna Habermeier, Stuart Hall, Sean P. Hier, Tony Jefferson, Philip Jenkins, Hans Mathias Kepplinger, Jennifer Kitzinger, Daniel Maier-Katkin, Angela McRobbie, Peter Meylakhs, Suzanne Ost, Bryan Roberts, Liza Schuster, Stephen Stockwell, Kenneth Thompson, Sarah L.Thornton, Sheldon Ungar, Simon Watney, Jeffrey Weeks, Michael Welch, and Paul Williams.


A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of 1,3-disilacyclobutane and 1,3-disilacyclobutane-1,1,3,3-d/sub 4/ in vapor, liquid, and solid phases shows that the molecules have puckered ring conformations in the former two phases but become planar in the solid state. This is reflected by the frequency shifts of the ring deformation and SiH/sub 2/ (or SiD/sub 2/) rocking modes which are uncoupled for the planar conformation but interact strongly for the puckered structure. Frequency differences between gas and solid phases for these two modes range from 27 to 42 cm/sup -1/. Force constant calculations confirm that these shifts are due to the different amounts of vibrational mixing for different conformations in the two phases. 6 figures, 5 tables.


Recent works on the distribution function of the capacity of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and semicorrelated narrowband channels show that the outage capacity computed using a Gaussian approximation is close to the true outage capacity even for few antennas. Motivated by physical scattering considerations, we study a multi-antenna channel model with independent entries that are not necessarily identically distributed and show the weak convergence of capacity to a Gaussian random variable. The channel model considered in this paper subsumes well-studied cases like the i.i.d. and separable correlation models and thus we generalize previous results on weak convergence of multi-antenna capacity. Using recent results from random matrix theory, we also study the rate of convergence of ergodic capacity of i.i.d. channels to its limit value. Employing a well-known conjecture from random matrix theory, we establish tight results for the rate of convergence and show a dependence of this rate on signal-to-noise ratio


The JENDL Dosimetry File based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version 3 (JENDL-3) was compiled, and integral tests of the dosimetry cross section data were performed by the Dosimetry Integral Test Working Group of the Japanese Nuclear Data Committee. Sixty-one reaction cross sections and their covariance data are stored in the JENDL Dosimetry File. The cross sections were mainly taken from JENDL-3 and the covariances from IRDF-85. The data are given in the neutron energy region below 20 MeV in point and group files in the NEDF/B-V format. In order to confirm reliability of data in the JENDL Dosimetry File, several integral tests were carried out: comparison with average cross section measured in fission neutron and fast reactor spectra, DT, and Li(d,n) neutron field. As a result, it has been found that the calculated and the measured average cross sections are in general agreement with each other. However, some of the dosimetry cross sections still showed marked discrepancies between the measured and the calculated data. These discrepant cross sections have been evaluated and the integral tests have been repeated.


Spectral characteristics of emission from Fabry-Perot cavities containing dipoles with fixed positions are calculated. It is shown that the emission characteristics can have a sensitive dependence on the precise location of the dipoles. When the dipoles have a fixed position the usual analysis of the emission in terms of the cavity transmission characteristics becomes invalid. Interference effects which lead to the spectral characteristics are then determined by the details of the interaction between the cavity reflectors and the spontaneous wavepackets emitted from the excited dipoles. Typical measured emission which resembles cavity transmission spectra actually results from averaging over many dipole positions. For dipole locations close to a cavity reflector, that is within the first-order coherence length of the spontaneous emission, total emission into all cavity modes can be either increased or decreased depending on the precise dipole location. An example of the dipole localization effects is given in the experimental emission characteristics from a semiconductor Fabry-Perot cavity. >


Barack Obama believes in the power of technology. The cellphone-toting, BlackBerry-packing next president of the United States ran a brilliant Web 2.0 campaign, demonstrating how everything from social networking to GPS could be deployed to organize and mobilize volunteers and voters alike. He's not a technologist, but he has surrounded himself with tech-savvy strategists.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trend and not a single sector or market. The most common view is of IoT as a collection of smart, sensor-enabled physical objects, and the networks, servers and services that interact with them. Chip/System designers have to consider many challenges from implementation of sensors chips including, embedded microprocessors through to connectivity via wired or wireless networks that enable these objects to sense autonomously their environment, communicate with other objects, and interact with Internet based services and cloud based applications.sensors chipsmicroprocessorswireless networkswired networkscloud based applications.services based applications.


This article is dedicated to a problem of formation of the civil society in conditions of the Russian retrofit of the end XIX -beginning XX c. The attempt of detection of pacing factors of the retrofit which has exerted influence origin of members of the civil society is undertaken. As an example the history of the Siberian city, NovonikoIaevsk (now Novosibirsk) is parsed, which one was grounded then.


CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined because of a 1-year history of daily vomiting, which was not associated with food intake. CLINICAL FINDINGS Initial physical examination findings and serial hematologic and serum biochemical results were unremarkable except for the presence of a grade 2/6 left-sided heart murmur and persistent mild azotemia. A well-defined multilobulated cystic structure located between the spleen and left kidney was identified by abdominal ultrasonography. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Laparoscopic exploration revealed that the cystic structure originated from the left pancreatic limb. With laparoscopic guidance, the structure was percutaneously drained and underwent omentalization. Then, a partial cystectomy was performed to obtain a tissue specimen for histologic evaluation. The vomiting resolved for a short period immediately after surgery and then gradually resumed over 6 months, albeit with less frequency than prior to surgery. The histologic diagnosis was pancreatic cyst. Abdominal ultrasonography performed 6 months after surgery revealed that the original cyst had completely resolved but multiple smaller cysts had developed. The serum feline pancreas-specific lipase activity was not measured before surgery but remained increased from the reference limit following surgery, and chronic pancreatitis was considered the most likely cause of pancreatic cyst formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopic-guided drainage and omentalization of a large pancreatic cyst resulted in a satisfactory outcome for the cat of this report and can be considered an alternative to percutaneous ultrasound-guided cyst drainage and the more invasive laparotomy approach for pancreatic cystectomy with or without omentalization.


A novel joint optimization strategy for the secondary user( SU) was proposed to consider the short-term and long-term video transmissions over distributed cognitive radio networks( DCRNs).Since the long-term video transmission consisted of a series of shortterm transmissions, the optimization problem in the video transmission was a composite optimization process. Firstly,considering some factors like primary user's( PU's) collision limitations,non-synchronization between SU and PU,and SU's limited buffer size, the short-term optimization problem was formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program( MINLP) to minimize the block probability of video packets. Secondly,combining the minimum packet block probability obtained in shortterm optimization and SU's constraint on hardware complexity,the partially observable Markov decision process( POMDP) framework was proposed to learn PU's statistic information over DCRNs.Moreover,based on the proposed framework,joint optimization strategy was designed to obtain the minimum packet loss rate in long-term video transmission. Numerical simulation results were provided to demonstrate validity of our strategies.


Unfortunately there is no "magic bullet" that can tell simply and easily whether a certain application of information and communications technology has had an effect on student learning. Indeed we cannot evaluate any multimedia intervention in isolation: we have to look at student learning in the teaching and learning environment as a whole [1]. In my local environment a number of bodies make grant moneys available for multimedia projects, and there are always an excess of proposals over the pool of money to be shared. Each application is undoubtedly achievable and reflects the applicants' enthusiasm for their subject and their undoubted technical abilities to create a multimedia product. Since I have written a number of these grant proposals I know that the natural tendency is to spend most of the time lavishing detail on the effect that an animated insulin receptor (for example) will have on uplifting our teaching. The grant committees of course have negligible interest in an animated insulin receptor and settle down to look at the budget that is typically added with little appreciation of true costs, being either laughably greedy or unrealistically low in the costing. So, ignoring all the academic inspiration, the committees can make a first cull by looking at the paragraph on the budget. The second round of culling can be made by looking at the approach to evaluation. Evaluation is such an after-the-event chore for most of us that we do not have a mind set that acknowledges that it is important. Evaluation in our planning mirrors the tension in motivation that bedevils much of our teaching (we want to inspire and promote learning; students want a good grade). We want to teach, but others want to be convinced that we have taught. We know our multimedia application will work, and it is an annoying distraction to be obliged to contemplate objective evaluation. I still think this way emotionally, although I know objectively that evaluation is central to a professional approach and ultimately being able to share the fruits of the development work with peers via refereed journal articles. If you feel a need to take evaluation more seriously then you may be disappointed with the lack of agreed standards [2]. Faced with the need to take some form of approach I would commend you to the following article by Zimitat and McAlpine titled "Student use of computer-assisted learning (CAL) and effects on learning outcomes" [3]. In that article you will find that a standardized Study Process Questionnaire can be adapted to produce analyses of deep and shallow learning by students using computer tutorials. The article by Zimitat and McAlpine points out another problem with our mind set of evaluation. We want to prove that our teaching or multimedia product is sound, but the students are a variable lot, and our best effort can be thwarted by factors seemingly beyond our control. Of course if we know what factors are contributing to poor outcomes then we can do something about it.


Objectives: Mental fitness issues have recently become a point of dispute in the field of health. Drivers are occupationally in danger of a possible accident, and are also exposed to other factors aside from accidents that threaten their mental health. The purpose of this research is to examine the level and state of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and overall mental fitness in bus drivers. In addition, we wish to understand the various causes that can influence PTSD. Methods: From April 1 to June 30, 2009, taking the region and number of workers into consideration, survey sheets were distributed to selected bus drivers who belonged to the public transportation union. The questionnaire included questions on experiences, details of accidents, the characteristics of the working environment, and the status of mental health. We used the Davidson Trauma Scale to investigate PTSD symptoms and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale to evaluate depression. Results: Regardless of the type of accident, the group of bus drivers with accident experience showed stronger signs of suffering from PTSD. It seemed that the experience of an accident that caused the death of passengers or conflict with passengers were important factors for PTSD. Within the PTSD group, we found more symptoms of depression, and also this group is more likely to take time off work. Conclusions: The experience of an accident threatens the mental health of bus drivers. Since bus drivers are responsible for the safety of many citizens, we must work towards finding ways to protect their mental health.


We provide a method of designing protocols for implementing multipartite quantum measurements when the parties are restricted to local operations and classical communication (LOCC). For each finite integer number of rounds, $r$, the method succeeds in every case for which an $r$-round protocol exists for the measurement under consideration, and failure of the method has the immediate implication that the measurement under consideration cannot be implemented by LOCC no matter how many rounds of communication are allowed, including when the number of rounds is allowed to be infinite. It turns out that this method shows---often with relative ease---the impossibility by LOCC for a number of examples, including cases where this was not previously known, as well as the example that first demonstrated what has famously become known as nonlocality without entanglement.


As a Presbyterian pastor who has presided over innumerable celebrations of the Lord's Supper, Holy Communion, and Eucharist, I was aware that there were associations between our communion service and sacrifice. In one sanctuary renovation in which I was involved I urged that our communion table look like a table-altar. Indeed, it is the purpose of this essay to encourage a greater appreciation among Protestants of the sacrificial nature of communion. However, when I examine the official documents of the Presbyterian Church (USA), there has been some reluctance in tying together the cross of Christ with sacrifice. Much has to do with lingering objections raised to the Roman Mass by the sixteenth-century Reformers. The most strident criticism is found in the Heidelberg Catechism: "Therefore the Mass is fundamentally a complete denial of the once for all sacrifice and passion of Jesus Christ (and as such an idolatry to be condemned.)" (1) Historically, there have been a number of objections (perceived or real) to Communion as sacrifice by Reformed theologians of the sixteenth century: (1) The Christian comes to communion to receive God's grace, not to offer or sacrifice. I recall a lecture given by Professor Alexander Schmemann of St. Vladimir's Seminary (Orthodox) on "Communion as Sacrifice." Dr. Edward A. Dowey, Jr., of Princeton Theological Seminary promptly responded (I paraphrase), "We come to communion to receive, not offer or sacrifice." After we have received Christ by faith, then we offer ourselves in thanksgiving and service. In Scotland I recall that the monetary "offering" might take place in the narthex after the service was over, lest there be any confusion on the issue. (2) Sacrifice during communion must not be seen as a good work that might merit God's grace. (3) Any suggestion of sacrifice on the part of the worshiper implied that Christ's complete sacrifice on the cross was insufficient for salvation. (4) There should be a focus on the message of the gospel with the signs of bread and wine, not on our action. (5) The officiant at the service should not be seen as a priest making the sacrifice of the Mass, which would diminish the one perfect sacrifice of Christ. Likewise, Lutherans are also very reluctant to refer to communion in terms of sacrifice. Out of ten settings for Holy Communion in Evangelical Lutheran Worship (Augsburg, 2006) the word "sacrifice" in reference to Communion does not appear, but the biblical words, "The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world," appear often. The Lutheran-Reformed Dialogue contained in Marburg Revisited (1966) admits: "An adequate doctrine of the Lord's Supper requires some reference to sacrifice." (2) Yet, there has been hesitancy to incorporate a doctrine of sacrifice into their official documents. Episcopalians in their Book of Common Prayer Communion liturgy, after first referring to Christ's "one oblation of himself once offered, a full perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, oblation and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world," moves to communion as "a perpetual memory of his precious death and sacrifice." (3) The sacrificial aspect is hinted at in the opening rubric that instructs the representatives of the congregation to bring "the people's offering of bread and wine, and money or other gifts to the Altar." (4) The people's offering of themselves is made in prayer before the participants receive the elements of bread and wine. Perhaps this approaches the Roman Catholic view that the eucharist is a "re-presentation." of the sacrifice of Christ but not a repetition. United Methodists, to some extent, following Anglican precedent, are more explicit: In "A Service of Word and Table III" and in several musical settings to the communion service in the United Methodist Hymnal (1989) the pastor says, "And so, in remembrance of these mighty acts in Jesus Christ, we offer ourselves in praise and thanksgiving as a holy and living sacrifice, in union with Christ's offering for us, as we proclaim the mystery of faith. …


A comparative study was conducted to evaluate three different permeabilization methods: FACS Permeabilizing Solution (FPerm), CytoFix/CytoPerm Kit (CFP) and Paraformaldehyde-Tween 20 (PFT) reagents, in cytoplasmic labeling of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Peripheral blood cells from 23 healthy subjects were fixed and permeabilized according to the proposed procedures, prior to direct immunofluorescence staining with CD14, CD45, IgG1, IgG2 and MPO monoclonal antibodies (McAb). Subsequent flow cytometric analysis was performed on FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, BD). As far as the antigenic expression of MPO in normal samples is concerned, FPerm and CFP demonstrated better cytoplasmic staining by inducing minor effects on light-scattering properties of the cell populations, whereas PFT-treated samples showed a diminished ability to distinguish the cell types. However, the simple and rapid FPerm method required an earlier processing of samples since the stored whole blood samples (for more than 8 hours) tended to show a significant decrease of fluorescence intensity. We also have demonstrated that P/N ratio possesses added value in evaluation of cell reactivity in immunophenotyping, based upon the apparent nonspecific cytoplasmic staining of MPO in the lymphocyte population.


In order to extract the information of the momentum-dependent interaction of kaons under the extreme condition, the properties of the positively charged kaons produced in a heavy ion collision are studied via a simple model which has an invariable nucleon's velocity. Our special attention is focused on the observation of the dependence of the kaon's properties on the motion of nucleons in a hot and dense nuclear environment. Starting from two kinds of kaon quasiparticle models defined in transport theories for simulating heavy ion collisions, we calculate the effective mass and potential of the K+ 's produced in the collisions and find that these properties not only depend closely on the velocity of nucleons but the dependence varies with kaon's quasiparticle model. It is clearly shown that the motion of nucleons reduces the momentum of K+ 's at a given rapidity and thus weakens the rapidity distribution of K+ 's directed flow in realistic nuclear collisions.


Nowadays, there are 160000 kilometers of pipelines in China. How to get more pipeline information in pipeline integrity management is a vitally important research topic. This paper designs a magnetoelectric composite sensor which is suitable for the non-destructive detection of the buried pipeline. according to the defect characteristics. this paper introduces the working principle, structure and characteristics of the composite sensor. Combined with the advantages of the magnetic sensor which is sensitive to the volume defects of the tube wall and the high frequency eddy current sensor which is sensitive to the near-surface defects of the tube wall on the principle of magnetic flux leakage, it realizes the identification and evaluation of the inner and outer wall defects of the tube wall. In this paper, the pipeline in the traction test field is taken as the test object. The test results show that there are 37 defects picked up by the magnetic sensor and 19 defects judged by the eddy current sensor.