Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a two-stage approach to primary knee arthroplasty with recurrent septic arthritis. Materials and Methods: We studied 22 patients with recurrent septic arthritis, and we observed them for more than one year of followup survey from January 2005 to April 2012 at Yeungnam University Medical Center. The clinical assessment was performed following Knee Society knee score, Knee Society function score, and International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC) subjective assessment. In addition, we analyzed the causative organisms, significant medical comorbidities (diabetes mellitus), period up to primary knee arthroplasty, and radiologic assessment with reference to disease prognosis. Results: The average range of postoperative knee motion showed a good result, with an average of 115 o . Knee Society knee score improved from 23.5 to 81.0, and Knee Society function score also increased from 22.5 to 73.2. Subjective assessment by IKDC was divided into 15 normal patients and 7 nearly normal patients. No significant difference was observed between patients with causative organisms and those with diabetes mellitus. In the final follow-up survey, recurrence of infection was not reported. Conclusion: A two-stage approach to primary knee arthroplasty with recurrent septic arthritis is a useful method, because it showed good clinical and radiologic results and favorable subjective assessment.


Sharp increase in the content of total lipids and, especially, neutral lipids, and considerable decrease in the content of phospholipids were observed in liver microsomes and mitochondrias from liver of tumour-bearing rats in the process of the growth of sarcoma, induced by a single injection of 3,4-benzpyrene. The injection of anthracene, a non-cancerogenous hydrocarbon, practically did not affect the lipid composition of rat liver subcellular particles. Thus, the disturbances in normal functioning of subcellular particles under cancerogenesis are due to considerable change in the chemical composition of biomembranes. The data obtained confirm our hypothesis on lipid mobilization under tumour growth.


We are developing a natural language interface for human robot interaction that implements reasoning about deep semantics in natural language. To realize the required deep analysis, we employ methods from cognitive linguistics, namely the modular and compositional framework of Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG) [18]. Using ECG, robots are able to solve fine-grained reference resolution problems and other issues related to deep semantics and compositionality of natural language. This also includes verbal interaction with humans to clarify commands and queries that are too ambiguous to be executed safely. We implement our NLU framework as a ROS package and present proof-of-concept scenarios with different robots, as well as a survey on the state of the art in knowledge-based language HRI.


Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) leads to cognitive decline and is the most common vascular cause of dementia. Small arteries, particularly the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs), are known to be involved in silent strokes. We aim to image the LSAs using a high-resolution 3D black blood T1 weighted (T1w) turbo-spin echo (TSE) sequence with variable flip angles (VFA) at both 3T and 7T. Methods: Four healthy volunteers (1 female, 26±3 years) were scanned on both Siemens 3T Prisma and 7T Terra MRI systems using a 32-channel head coil. A 3D T1w TSE sequence with VFA was chosen for small vessel imaging with inherent excellent contrast between vessels and tissue due to good blood suppression properties. Black blood images were acquired with optimized imaging parameters at 3T (voxel size = 0.26x0.26x0.5 mm 3 interpolated, slices=166, TE/TR = 12/1000 ms, ETL=41, scan time = 9:05 min) and 7T (voxel size = 0.5 mm 3 isotropic, slices=288, TE/TR = 13/1430 ms, ETL = 40, scan time = 11:55 min). Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was calculated to compare image quality between 3T and 7T. Results and Discussion: Fig. 1 displays the LSAs using minimum intensity projection across 25 mm slices from a subject at 3T and 7T. Improved delineation of LSAs, especially distal regions, can be appreciated at 7T compared to 3T. Comparison of CNR for blood in the LSAs vs. the adjacent white matter between 3T and 7T (CNR: 9.1 vs. 15.5, 6.7 vs. 15.4, and 4.3 vs. 8.9 for the stem, middle, and distal regions, respectively) further demonstrated that LSAs imaged at 7T have better contrast in general and especially in the distal regions as noted by the colored arrows. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrated the feasibility for visualizing LSAs in the human brain using high-resolution T1w TSE at 3T and 7T. Specifically, TSE at 7T provides better delineation of LSAs with better contrast between vessels and tissue. Our findings suggest this 7T TSE technique could be a promising imaging marker of cerebral small vessel diseases.


Designing, implementing and executing algorithms have become a relevant and important element in various fields. Public users and data researchers are interested in analysing and interpreting data with shorter execution time and higher performance. Cloud computing is an environment that provides scalable and high-end virtual resources to achieve high quality services. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a framework for provisioning algorithms as a service in the cloud. This framework introduces solutions to help clients overcome different concerns and difficulties, such as looking for an appropriate algorithm, understanding algorithm source code, installing and configuring specific libraries, and achieving high algorithmic performance. The framework provides clients the possibility to discover available algorithms and/or deploy new algorithms over multiple scalable platforms. It also allows clients to analyse data, compare results, and measure algorithm's performance. A prototype implementation of the framework has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the solution. Evaluating results demonstrate that providing multiple scalability models and high-end web servers will improve algorithm performance and achieve availability and reliability using the framework.


The Jalama formation of Late Cretaceous age is exposed along both sides of the Pacifico fault in Jalama and Santa Anita canyons in the Western Santa Ynez Mountains. It consists of 2275± feet of alternating sandstones and silty shales that have been divided into seven members. The base is nowhere exposed but the geologically older Espada formation in Salsipuedes Canyon is Late Jurassic in age, which suggests an unconformity at the Espada-Jalama contact. The relationship between the Jalama and overlying Anita formations is uncertain at the type locality but an unconformity exists beyond this area. Approximately 133 species of Foraminifera, of which the majority are calcareous perforate forms, have been identified from nineteen localities. Three separate foraminifer faunules of characteristic composition can be distinguished. Forty-four localities have yielded 58 molluscan species that have been treated systematically; 12 pelecypod species and 5 gastropod species are new. The megafauna can not be broken down into stratigraphic faunules but may be subdivided into 2 ecologic groups. Both the foraminifer and molluscan assemblages indicate a late Campanian age for the Jalama formation. The Foraminifera correlate with Goudkoff's Tracian and upper Weldonian stages and with the lower Navarro of the Gulf Coast. The megafauna is most closely related to the molluscan assemblage of the upper Chico formation, but is slightly younger, and is very close in age to the Cretaceous sediments in Bee Canyon, Orange County, California, in the Sucia Islands, Washington, and in the lower horizon in the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. End_of_Article - Last_Page 132------------


As knowledge bases grow in size and complexity, tools for extracting and encoding knowledge from the domain experts become critical for the success of an expert system project. Many of the available expert system tools are designed for a broad range of domains and therefore are often inadequate for building and maintaining domain-specific knowledge structures. This results from the fact that some structures may only exist implicitly or have semantics than cannot be interpreted by generic tools. On the other hand, a tool that is specific to just one application in a domain lacks useful generality. A tool should be flexible enough to be widely applicable within the domain for which it was designed. We describe our knowledge acquisition tool, ViewPoint, which achieves this flexibility by being build on top of a generic expert system architecture for the troubleshooting domain. ViewPoint allows (i) the handling of all knowledge structures present in a troubleshooting knowledge base, (ii) the viewing of many levels of detail, from the global overview of the knowledge base to the examination of a single object, and (iii) the ability to cope with the knowledge acquisition strategies used in the domain.


This article describes an action research project in which two teacher educators implemented a coteaching field experience with pre-service teacher candidates acting as co-teachers to facilitate collaboration among peers. The goal of the action research was to better meet the needs of preservice teacher candidates and continually develop their ability to grow as reflective and collaborative future teaching educators. To increase collaboration, co-teaching models were implemented in an early field experience. Teaching activities and assignments provided opportunities for collaboration as co-teachers and as members of a teaching community. Data collection and observations indicate peer-to-peer co-teaching helped create a collaborative atmosphere for PTCs, while also revealing areas that need additional refinement in the field experience course.


Background: Severe collapsed disc secondary to degenerative spinal conditions leads to significant foraminal stenosis. We hypothesized that uniportal posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with endoscopic disc drilling technique could be safely applied to the collapsed disc space to improve patients' pain score, restore disc height, and correct the segmental angular parameters. Methods: We included patients who met the indication criteria for lumbar fusion and underwent uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with pre-operative Computer Tomography mid disc height of less than or equal to 5 mm and MRI of Grade 3 Foraminal Stenosis. Visual analogue scale and computer tomography pre-operative and post-operative sagittal disc height in the anterior, middle and posterior part of the disc; sagittal focal segmental angle; mid coronal disc height and coronal wedge angles were evaluated. Results: 30 levels of Endo-TLIF were included, with a mean follow up of 12 months. The mean improvement in decreasing pain score was 2.5 ± 1.1, 3.2 ± 0.9 and 4.3 ± 1.0 at 1 week post operation, 3 months post operation and at final follow up, respectively, p < 0.05. There was significant increase in mid sagittal computer tomographic anterior, middle and posterior disc height of 6.99 ± 2.30, 6.28 ± 1.44, 5.12 ± 1.79 mm respectively, p < 0.05. CT mid coronal disc height showed an increase of 7.13 ± 1.90 mm, p < 0.05. There was a significant improvement in the CT coronal wedge angle of 2.35 ± 4.73 and the CT segmental focal sagittal angle of 1.98 ± 4.69, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Application of Uniportal Endoscopic Posterolateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in patients with severe foraminal stenosis secondary to severe collapsed disc space significantly relieved patients' pain and restored disc height without early subsidence or exiting nerve root dysesthesia in our cohort of patients.


The rise of the bioeconomy is usually associated with increased sustainability. However, various controversies suggest doubts about this assumed relationship. The objective of this paper is to identify different visions and the current understanding of the relationship between the bioeconomy and sustainability in the scientific literature by means of a systematic review. After a search in several databases, 87 scientific journal articles were selected for review. Results show that visions about the relationship between bioeconomy and sustainability differ substantially. Four different visions were identified, including: (1) the assumption that sustainability is an inherent characteristic of the bioeconomy; (2) the expectation of benefits under certain conditions; (3) tentative criticism under consideration of potential pitfalls; and (4) the assumption of a negative impact of the bioeconomy on sustainability. There is considerable attention for sustainability in the scientific bioeconomy debate, and the results show that the bioeconomy cannot be considered as self-evidently sustainable. In further research and policy development, good consideration should therefore be given to the question of how the bioeconomy could contribute to a more sustainable future. Furthermore, it is stressed that the bioeconomy should be approached in a more interdisciplinary or trans-disciplinary way. The consideration of sustainability may serve as a basis for such an approach.


Abstract Citrus, one of the most popular fruits worldwide, contains various functional components, including flavonoids, dietary fibers (DFs), essential oils (EOs), synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids. The functional components of citrus attract special attention due to their health-promoting effects. Food components undergo complex biotransformation by host itself and the gut microbiota after oral intake, which alters their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity in the host body. To better understand the health effects of citrus fruits, it is important to understand the in-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components. We reviewed the biotransformation of citrus functional components (flavonoids, DFs, EOs, synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids) in the body from their intake to excretion. In addition, we described the importance of biotransformation in terms of health effects. This review would facilitate mechanistic understanding of the health-promoting effect of citrus and its functional components, and also provide guidance for the development of health-promoting foods based on citrus and its functional components.


With the recent announcement by the Open DeviceNet Vendor Association# (ODVA) of the one-millionth-node installation, it is fair to say that Ethernet/IP has certainly established itself. But what is making this protocol so attractive to industrial control engineers? In conclusion, Ethernet/IP is standard, it is well established and offers more than any Fieldbus ever can. These deliver the values that industrial automation users have been calling for to deliver their next generation of savings in industrial automation networking.


Application of the minimum diafiltration (DF) time solution for a monoclonal antibody resulted in a 20‐h process time rather than the expected 12 h. Further investigation indicated high turbidity associated with a product solubility issue that caused a flux decline. As a result, the gel flux model and the associated minimum DF time were not predictive. Multiwell plate solubility screening confirmed that the protein passed through a region of low solubility during the ultrafiltration step. Multiple approaches to address this issue were considered and a new strategy involving variable volume diafiltration (VVDF) was developed. Process modeling and simulation were used to predict performance and to select a value of the DF ratio control parameter (buffer flow/permeate flow = 0.65). Feasibility testing at the bench and pilot scales confirmed that the new strategy reduced solubility issues, fit within existing manufacturing tank volume and system area constraints, matched model predictions, and did not present significant implementation issues. Recommendations are made regarding the general value of this strategy, when it should be used, and how to implement it. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:646–655, 2014


Mastery of professionalism is a necessity in medical education. However, the application in education is still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the definition of professionalism in the medical field. This study aimed to explore students' perceptions of medical professionalism, as well as the behavioral components that demonstrate professionalism. This was a qualitative analytic study, carried out among 2 focus group discussions (FGD) of students with a grounded theory approach in data analysis. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Results showed that students' perceptions of medical professionalism included mastery of knowledge, skills, and overall attitudes. Meanwhile, the professionalism component consists of altruism, competence, honesty and integrity, performance, management, respect for others and humanism.

Keywords: professionalism, medical professionalism


The aim of the present study was to obtain, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of some extracts obtained from the bark of Betula alba var. pendula Roth., the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and the green herb of the Avena sativa. The results revealed that the lowest IC50 value, determined by all three methods, was obtained for Betulae extractum (BE) (73.6 µg/mL—DPPH method, 11.2 µg/mL—ABTS method, and 58.7 µg/mL—FRAP method), followed by Liquiritiae extractum (LE) (805.6 µg/mL, 92.1 µg/mL, and 722 µg/mL) and Avenae extractum (1.13 mg/mL—DPPH method, 99.7 µg/mL—ABTS method, and 135.1 µg/mL—FRAP method). These results correlate with total polyphenols content (expressed in g tannic acid/100 g dry extract), with BE having more polyphenols than LE and AE (47.96 ± 9.7083 for BE, compared with 9.31 ± 0.9913 for LE and 40.55 ± 6.3715 for AE). The total flavonoid content (expressed as g rutoside/100 g dry extract) is similar for BE and LE (3.75 ± 0.3140 and 3.44 ± 0.3037) and smaller for AE (1.95 ± 0.0526). Therefore, Betulae extractum has the strongest antioxidant action, with an IC50 value very close to the standard used as a reference (ascorbic acid—16.5 μg/mL solution). The FT-ICR-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the major compounds in all three extracts. The antioxidant properties of the studied extracts were further supported by molecular docking experiments that revealed the potential of the analyzed phytochemicals to act as both noncovalent and covalent activators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with promising benefits in treating various skin disorders.


We study the influence of money distribution on the dynamics of Epstein's model of civil violence. For this, we condition the hardship parameter distributed according to the distribution of money, which is a local parameter that determines the dynamics of the model of civil violence. Our experiments show that the number of outbursts of protest and the number of agents participating in them decrease when the distribution of money guarantees that there are no agents without money in the system as a consequence of saving. This reduces social protests and the system shows a phase transition of the second order for a critical saving parameter. These results also show three characteristic regimes that depend on the savings in the system, which account for emerging phenomena associated with the saving levels of the system and define scales of development characteristic of social conflicts understood as a complex system. The importance of this model is to provide a tool to understand one of the edges that characterize social protest, which describes this phenomenon from the sociophysics and complex systems.


Background: Even after the failure of EC-IC bypass trial, EC- IC bypass can help many patients in preventing future stroke. Here we present a case series of patients with cerebral ischemia from different etiological modes who underwent EC-IC bypass with positive end results.
Methods: Patients in these cases series with TIA/stroke/recurrent stroke were evaluated clinically for the history of TIA or recurrent/hemodynamic TIA (in rest or during work) or progressive hemiparesis/aphasia/visual disturbances or sudden hemiplegia/hemiparesis/aphasia with subsequent significant (days to a week) recovery. MRI of the brain was done in ischemic protocol in all cases. To see the arterial pathology dynamic CTA was also done in all cases except one case. DSA was done in 03 cases. When clinical features, cerebral ischemia on MRI and arterial stenosis/occlusion on angiogram were concordant with each other, only then cerebral revascularization was done. After bypass, all patients were followed up regularly. All recorded data were reviewed retrospectively.
Results: Total no. of cases were 08. The most common presentation was hemiparesis. Etiologies were infective thrombosis of ICA, orbital cellulitis, thrombosed giant ICA aneurysm, single & multiple vessel occlusion and MCA stenosis. High flow EC-IC bypass was done in one case. STA- MCA bypass was done in rest of the cases. All patient were ambulant with static neuro-status without new stroke till last follow up. All bypasses were patent and functioning till last follow up (clinical, Doppler/Imaging).
Conclusion: In carefully selected cases cerebral revascularization in ischemic conditions can result positive outcome.


Background

Bamboo meets a rising and diverse consumer demands and generates income and contribute to reforestation and climate change mitigation due to its rapid growth and environmentally friendly character. Most bamboo processing enterprises and farmer and consumers use manual technology and produce less durable products. Since there is no research conducted in the area related to profitability of different bamboo products and the distribution of value added Therefore, this study aims to analyse the profitability of bamboo products for producers, traders and processors in the same way it analyses the value added distribution among different agents.
Methods

To collect primary data 122 smallholder bamboo producers, 13 traders and 16 bamboo product processors were selected. To analyse the data descriptive statistics were employed.
Results

On average producers supply 374.79 bamboo culms and earn revenue of 7,623.23 ETB. The total value added at the producer level was 15.64 ETB per culm. On average local traders, retailers and wholesalers earn 7.52%, 9.51% and 9.23% of profit Margin and these traders earn average revenue of 66,420 ETB, 129,360ETB and 280,343 ETB respectively. Traditional bamboo product processors produce 687 traditional bamboo chairs on average per year and gained 3.06 ETB/culm as a net profit. Bamboo furniture enterprises on average process 823 modern bamboo chair per year and they earn 197.91 ETB per chair as a net profit. Higher value is added at bamboo furniture enterprise level and lower value is added at producer and trader level.
Conclusion

The result of the study revealed that all actors have positive profit and value is added by different chain actors and distributed to different agents. Bamboo furniture enterprises gained higher profit margin than traditional bamboo processors. The contribution of the bamboo sector to the government economy is limited. Based on the finding of the study, an effort should be made to increase the contribution of the sector to the national economy. In addition to this, providing working capital and working place and enhancing the processors' skill and capacity to transform the business into more modern and profitable bamboo furniture enterprise is advisable.


This paper describes diagnosis and surgical treatment of a 3.5 year-old child who presented with abnormal sex differentiation resulting in the development of gonads into ovotestes. This disorder was provoked by a rare variant of mosaicism involving sex chromosome and characterized by the presence of an irregular marker chromosome. Additional genetic analysis allowed its origin to be determined: it was identified as Yp chromosome. Comprehensive examination yielded criteria for the choice of sexual identity and provided a basis for the surgical treatment in conformity with the gender being sought.


Historically, the development of the circular economy (CE) proceeds from the CE 1.0 stage, characterized by attention to waste management and recycling, to the CE 2.0 stage with an emphasis on resource efficiency and eco-efficiency, to the current CE 3.0 stage, in which the key factor to a company's success is the business model. However, not all countries of the world simultaneously began transforming the national economy from a linear model to a circular one; many are still at the CE 1.0 and CE 2.0 stages, and do not have a developed system of institutions supporting the circular economy. In Russia, the concept of a circular economy has not yet received recognition in society and government; the stage of its development can be defined as CE 2.0. This study compares the barriers and drivers of CE development in the EU countries, a group of countries with a well-developed institutional support system, and in Russia, a country that does not have such a system. The study reveals that the most significant difference between countries with mature systems of institutional support and Russia lies in the regulatory sphere and in information and awareness about new available technologies and ways to increase resource efficiency, commercial attractiveness, and organizational feasibility. Changes in the first sphere are impossible without the participation of the national authorities; however, changes in the information sphere are feasible even without the government's support. The actors in such changes can be international companies with access to resource-efficient new technologies and processes for organizing business.


Abstract Patients with liver disease acquire complex changes in their hemostatic system. Historically, these patients were considered to have a bleeding tendency related, in part, to a hyperfibrinolytic state. However, studies using more modern fibrinolysis tests have questioned the presence of a hyperfibrinolytic state in patients with liver disease and its association with bleeding risk. It may be that the sickest patients with liver disease do have fibrinolytic abnormalities. However, the debate on the fibrinolytic state of patients with (decompensated) cirrhosis or critically ill liver disease is complicated by the fact that hypo- and hyperfibrinolysis have been poorly defined. This could, in part, be explained by the lack of reliable tests that assess a patient's fibrinolytic status. Moreover, large clinical studies on the relationship between bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients with liver disease are scarce. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on fibrinolysis in various types of liver diseases and possible implications as a target for therapeutic strategies in liver disease. As antifibrinolytic therapy has been shown to be safe and effective during liver transplantation, it could potentially be of use in patients with (either laboratory-established or suspected) hyperfibrinolysis-related bleeding.


This thesis will apply performance criticism to ancient Jewish letters in order to answer two connected questions. First, how do we adequately describe the form and function of letters as they were read in antiquity in order to be able to define the genres of letters in a more precise way and second, to consider how performance theory in conjunction with other approaches can be applied to ancient letters. In order to address these concerns, we will include examples of free-standing letters from Elephantine, embedded Hebrew and Aramaic letters, and embedded Greek letters. By studying these texts, we will gain a substantial perspective on the variety of Second Temple period letters and we will be able to consider how probing the form and function of those letters may be applied for a better understanding of MMT. The intent of this inquiry is to help explain how MMT, or a section thereof, may have been performed in various situations and thereby provide a clearer view of the genre(s) of MMT.


In recent years due to the economic crisis, a permanent uncertainty prevails in the business world. This uncertainty has initially greatly affect the business relationships with customers, and in addition has caused the business concern for their evolution over time. In the first case, the proper use of the CRM is certainly valuable in the second case the Strategic Management is what can more easily direct the state. So given the gravity of these two concepts to the business world, this paper attempts to analyze them in depth.
This project has three major objectives, apart from the analysis of these concepts. Originally intending to coupling somehow Strategic Management and CRM. Subsequently it intends to combine the two concepts and to create a new third concept that contains elements of both. Finally aims through a case study in a Greek bank to show how they apply to the Greek reality, as described in theory.
From that work resulting conclusions are intended to solve and make smooth business operation. The first conclusion is that the piece that joins the puzzle between Strategic Management and CRM is none other than the competitive advantage. This occurs because the CRM is undeniable competitive advantage and operational strategy need competitive advantages in order to achieve the healthy survival of the business. The second conclusion is that if you join the two concepts what emerges is the CRS strategy, a strategy form purely customer-oriented aimed at foundation of correct relations with the customer, through their needs servicing.
Methodologically, this paper has been prepared with the help of both the foreign and the Greek literature. Even they used many foreign languages and Greek articles drawn from the internet. Finally, the last chapter on the case study, conducted with the help of two interviews.
Specifically in four chapters, refer to the following:
In the first chapter of Strategic Management will refer to the definitions of the concept and how developed and the phases of which crossed to reach the current form. Then talk about CSR and its advantages, and presents the basic model of Strategic Management. The model includes the internal and external environment analysis and subsets thereof as well as the
formulation of a business strategy with particular reference to the three levels of strategy. Finally presented the process of implementation, evaluation and feedback strategy.
The second chapter deals exclusively with the CRM system. First mentioned in relationship marketing and its basic principles and then proceeds to the analysis of how the CRM was developed. Throughout chapter analyzes the benefits of the CRM system, the main aims and characteristics. Finally talk about how to make the right choice of CRM system and for the system selection steps and specified and reasons why the CRM system a company can fail during implementation.
The third chapter refers to CRM Strategy for Customer Relationship Strategy (CRS). Originally definitions referred this Strategy and the reasons that led to its creation. Then, the course of the Strategy by all stages of the Strategic Management and talk about the competitive advantages of CRM as a tool of CRS and for the value it attaches to the customer. Finally mention the reasons for the failure of a CRM strategy and how a business can gain loyal customers.
The fourth chapter analyzes the case study of a Greek bank, namely Bank D, which uses CRM. Originally presented some general information about the bank and then presents the history of CRM in the bank. Then they analyzed the competitive advantages that CRM brings to the bank and the value given to the customer. Moreover, the capital of course dealing with how CRM is implemented in the bank particularly with the changes brought about in it, the difficulties faced by workers and the reasons of success. At the bank's situation occurs before and after CRM and the future course of the bank based on that. Finally, the paper examines whether the bank follows the CRS, to what extent that is customer centric while and made some suggestions to the bank so that it can be fully customer oriented.


This Freeman Scholar article reviews the formulation and application of a kinetic theory for modeling the transport and dispersion of small particles in turbulent gas-flows. The theory has been developed and refined by numerous authors and now forms a rational basis for modeling complex particle laden flows. The formalism and methodology of this approach are discussed and the choice of closure of the kinetic equations involved ensures realizability and well posedness with exact closure for Gaussian carrier flow fields. The historical development is presented and how single-particle kinetic equations resolve the problem of closure of the transport equations for particle mass, momentum, and kinetic energy/stress (the so-called continuum equations) and the treatment of the dispersed phase as a fluid. The mass fluxes associated with the turbulent aerodynamic driving forces and interfacial stresses are shown to be both dispersive and convective in inhomogeneous turbulence with implications for the build-up of particles concentration in near wall turbulent boundary layers and particle pair concentration at small separation. It is shown how this approach deals with the natural wall boundary conditions for a flowing particle suspension and examples are given of partially absorbing surfaces with particle scattering and gravitational settling; how this approach has revealed the existence of contra gradient diffusion in a developing shear flow and the influence of the turbulence on gravitational settling (the Maxey effect). Particular consideration is given to the general problem of particle transport and deposition in turbulent boundary layers including particle resuspension. Finally, the application of a particle pair formulation for both monodisperse and bidisperse particle flows is reviewed where the differences between the two are compared through the influence of collisions on the particle continuum equations and the particle collision kernel for the clustering of particles and the degree of random uncorrelated motion (RUM) at the small scales of the turbulence. The inclusion of bidisperse particle suspensions implies the application to polydisperse flows and the evolution of particle size distribution.


We propose a fully-automatic method that computes from scratch point-to-point dense correspondences between isometric shapes under topological noise. While relying on pairwise distance preservation constraints is common and generally sufficient to handle isometric deformations, presence of topological noise needs further actions that we present as our main contributions. First, instead of comparing distances over two paths on two input surfaces, we cast fuzzy votes at the path endpoints based on topologically-robust heat diffusion from path vertices. Second, we make the matching even more stable to topological noise by introducing the so-called reodesics, which are locally shortest geodesics that go through robust matches. In addition to the five standard datasets for isometric shape correspondence with and without topological noise, we employ and release a sixth one geared specifically towards topological noise evaluation with ground-truth information. We demonstrate our qualitative and quantitative advantages over seven recent state-of-the-art methods on these six datasets.


The national allocation of kidneys in Australia is based on a combination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and equity factors designed to make transplantation accessible to as many patients as possible. A points system has been designed that deducts points for HLA mismatches but adds points for factors such as levels of HLA sensitization, waiting time on dialysis, and a loading for pediatric patients. Kidneys that do not reach the level of matching required for national allocation are transplanted in the donor state using both matching and waiting time criteria, which caters to minority groups with rare HLA types.


There are a number of barriers to the immediate deployment of large-scale, zone-based road use charging as advocated for the 2014 timeframe by the DfT and the UK Secretary of State for Transport. These barriers are technical, political, as well as "acceptance by motorists". The technology choice between DSRC and GNSS points toward GNSS. Galileo's fact of EU control and improved accuracy pave the way to GNSS. The belated success of the German Toll Collect system proves GNSS can work (at least on interurban roadways), while at the same time its expense gives pause. GNSS raises privacy concerns that have a relatively easy technology solution, but still require firm regulatory protection in tandem with fear-allaying education of motorists. Current difficulties with mitigation of signal path problems in "urban canyon" correctly raise concerns for the management of evidentiary and assurance issues, delaying an understanding of how to make what worked on the German highways work in high-rise city business districts. Meanwhile, mounting congestion and little appetite, or funding, to build our way out of it serves, to keep congestion management - and road use charging - front of mind. Simply put, we are likely going to have wide-spread congestion charging in less than a decade, and we are going to use GNSS for this. What should we do in the meantime? This paper develops a set of activities and programs that would serve to specifically prepare our motorists and our road authorities for GNSS-based road pricing. "Prepared" means we would maximize acceptance of these charges and the methods we use for metering and collecting the charges. It would also mean that the project of retrofitting the then-existing fleet of roadway vehicles would already be underway and largely accomplished, reducing the need for large nation-wide projects to fit and test tens of millions of vehicle installations before a tight deadline. These activities are specifically targeted at diminishing the perception of "tracking" and privacy invasion, improving general on-board unit (OBU) acceptance, pre-seeding a high-level of penetration of OBUs into the vehicle population, and increasing familiarity with ideas of fair pay-per use. The proposed over-arching program for these activities is parking-by-satellite. A GNSS OBU can be offered that (in addition to road-pricing, which would remain dormant until required) could locate the position of a parked vehicle accurately enough to determine the appropriate fee for a by-the-minute parking charge. Within such a program scope, dozens of targeted parking management programs could provide benefits for municipalities that engage. These targeted programs would address short-term street parking, residential parking, free-but-time-limited parking, ticket-less escalated pricing, expanded parking pricing on less used streets without using curbside infrastructure. The design and deployment of this device will also be described. If put into place now - including well managed marketing, enforcement, and discount programs - such a program can not only erode resistance to on-board metering, but can also develop a large installed base well before 2014. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135582


In Germany, tens of thousands of people took to the streets to demonstrate against the government's measures to handle the covid-19 pandemic. These protests started in the spring of 2020. What makes these protests puzzling is their unusual heterogeneous political composition and ambiguous symbolism. This article argues that protesters used the pandemic (and calls for "freedom" from restrictions) to bridge left- and right-wing movement frames. Importantly, though, the amplification of radical right strands of populist discourse played a central role in this frame-bridging. These arguments are supported by a visual discourse analysis using photographs of demonstrators and protest materials (N = 212) taken at the Berlin "Querdenken" demonstration on 29 September 2020. The implications of these findings for the mainstreaming of right-wing politics are then discussed.


In situ tracing experiments have proved to be reliable tools to get direct information on subsurface flow direction and flow parameters. Beside dyes, salts, radioisotopes and drift bodies, microbes can be used as tracers. In several comparative experiments carried out in porous and karst aquifers by the International Association of Tracer Hydrology (ATH) the microbial markers (bacteria and bacteriophages) have shown promising results. They are especially suitable to explain and model the subsurface transport of microorganisms.


A brief historical review, beginning from the first half of the nineteenth century, illustrates the fundamental steps in the development of piston gauges for precise pressure measurements, which were stimulated by the growth of the steam industry and, generally, by hydraulic applications. The main different operational principles and methods for piston gauge characterization are reviewed and the state of the art is discussed from the standpoint of the achievement of the lowest possible measurement uncertainty. An analysis is made of the principal current research problems which are: (i) accurate determination of the effective area of piston-cylinder units at pressures up to several gigapascals; (ii) elastic distortion of piston-cylinder units as a function of applied pressure. This analysis may be a basis for future research work, with a view to acquiring better knowledge of the parameters which limit the accuracy of pressure measurements. Possibilities for the use of modern piston gauges in liquid media to pressures of gigapascal order are summarized.


This study aims to improve the understanding of the impact changes being experienced in our climate system will have on the level of crop productivity in the immediate period as well as in the nearest future. Nigeria was used as a case study and an observed climatic dataset was obtained and used alongside collected 20 year cassava, rice and soybean yield data to develop models that were applied to estimate future crop yield. Four statistically downscaled and bias-corrected Global Climate Models (GCMs): NOAA, MIROC5, ICHEC, and NCC performed simulations for the period 1985–2100 under the Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5. These were used to predict how the yields of cassava, rice and soybean will be in the years 2020-2050 and 2070-2100 for the 36 states in Nigeria and the FCT. 89 Empirical models were developed to estimate the yields of the three crops earlier mentioned across Nigeria with their coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 15% - 99%. The result showed an increase of 3.91% (P<0.001), 0.08, 1.79 (P<0.1) and a decrease of 0.93% for cassava yield for ICHEC, MIROC, NOAA and NCC respectively. It also projected an increase in yield of 8.88% (P<0.001), 7.77% (P<0.001), 6.62% (P<0.001) and 8.85% (P<0.001) for Rice yield using climatic data from ICHEC, MIROC, NOAA and NCC respectively. Soybean, increase in yield are 2.81% (P<0.01), 5.84% (P<0.001), 11.38 (P<0.001) and 9.06% (P<0.001) for ICHEC, MIROC, NOAA and NCC respectively.


A very simple nonlinear parallel forced LCR circuit is proposed as Balamurugan-Sengodan-Daniel (BSD) circuit includes linear inductors, capacitor, locally active resistor and a diode driven by a sinusoidal voltage source. By varying the amplitude of the external signal, we identify the familiar quasiperiodic routes to chaos as well as period doubling sequences, windows, and so on. The performance of the proposed system is demonstrated experimentally and proved with Poincaré map results.


Introduction
Tuberculosis of the cervical spine is rare, comprising only 3-5% of cases of tuberculosis of the spine. TB spine is the most common form of skeletal TB. It is the most dangerous manifestation of TB due to the involvement of the spinal cord and the resultant neurologic impairment.
Objective
The objective of this paper is to present our experience with a rare case of cervical spine spondylitis. This case stresses the usefulness of a single-stage anterior and posterior approach with posterior instrumentation.
Method
We present a case report based on our internal documents. We report a case of spondylitis tuberculosis of the C6-C7 cervical spine associated with retropharyngeal abscess in a 15-year-old Indonesian female. Neck pain and weakness of both upper and lower extremities were the main features. There was a history of weight loss, fever, and excessive night sweats. No antecedent history of trauma to the head and neck region.
Results
We did a single-stage anterior and posterior approach with posterior instrumentation. Anterior approach was done to evacuate and debridement of the retropharyngeal abscess. The posterior approach was done for posterior instrumentation with pedicle screw and dual rod. We did posterior stabilization on Cervical 5-6 and Thoracal 3-4. One week after surgery we found remarkable improvement of the pain and extremities functions.
Conclusion
In the surgical treatment of cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis, a single-stage cervical combined anterior-posterior approach with posterior instrumentation is capable of complete debridement for tuberculosis lesions. Operative management in our patient resulted in remarkable improvement.

Keywords: Cervicothoracic spondylitis, tuberculosis, retropharyngeal abscess


BACKGROUND. The yield potential of sugar beet in Italy is lower than in Central Europe. Hence, the profitability of the crop is also lower, and a future change in climate associated with global warming may put at risk the national sugar processing industry. We simulated production of sugar beet in northern and central Italy under current and future climate scenarios, the latter derived from the Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM). METHODS. Two future time-periods were considered for analysis, 2040s and 2090s, with atmospheric CO 2 concentrations of 450 ppm and 615 ppm, respectively. Sugar beet production was simulated in rotation with soybean, sunflower, wheat, soybean, canola and maize, at six Italian sites: Brescia, Padova, Modena, Pisa, Osimo, and Perugia in order to provide a wide range of environments in Northern-Southern Italy. The model CropSyst was used to compute above and below-ground crop growth and yield, soil water movement, and the effects of elevated CO 2 on plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Simulations under climate change included the possibility to adapt crop management to new conditions, by modifying irrigation amounts and date of sowing. RESULTS. Simulation results indicate that sugar beet production would not be significantly affected under the climate change scenarios considered. Irrigated sugar beet yields increased at most sites under climate change, compared to present, in the range +2% to +5% in 2040 and -4% to +15% in 2090. Rainfed yields varied -4% to +10% in 2040, and -8% to +9% in 2090. At most sites increased crop-growth rates under elevated CO 2 and increased precipitation regimes were sufficient to overcome the negative effects on crop yields linked to higher temperatures. Anticipated sowing helped to maintain production under climate change at current levels. Irrigation increases of +13 to +24% were necessary to maintain irrigated sugar beet production at present levels, due to higher temperatures and increased evapotranspiration rates. CONCLUSIONS. Results from this study indicate that sugar beet production in northern and central Italy may not be greatly affected by future climate change, if global warming will be characterized by increased temperature and increased precipitation regimes, as the Hadley Centre scenario used herein indicated. Simulations also indicated that, despite the success in maintaining or increasing yields from baseline levels using adaptation, total irrigation use may increase under future climate change, due to increased evaporative demands under global warming.


The review describes the present state of knowledge about the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleosides. Together with a description of various methods of synthesis, their comparative characteristics are stated briefly. The bibliography includes 188 references.


Economists often need practical examples of the propositions discussed in class. Many such examples are provided in Trading Places, which, in addition to being an entertaining movie, illustrates a number of important points about economics, including the role of property rights, the costs of discrimination, the importance (and definition) of profit and the role of expectations and information in determining resource allocation across space and time. The movie is rich in lessons about basic economics and would make a valuable addition to any economist's pedagogical toolkit for its illustration of commodities and futures markets. A summary and explanation of the movie's economic content is given as well as implications for natural resources and the role of property rights.


Firm's proper acquisition size is still an unresolved question. The extant literatures mention little about the determinants of firm's acquisition size at micro economic level. With recent available data of acquisitions in Chinese stock market (Shanghai and Shenzhen) during 2003-2008, we estimate the effect of institutional ownership on firms' acquisition size controlling financial and governance characteristics. In an industry fixed effect model, firms' acquisition size is significantly and positively associated with firm size, Tobin's Q, leverage ratio, cash holing level and internal capital expenditure. Acquisition size is positively related to some governance characteristics of firms such as board size, independency of board and activity of board, but negatively related to the duality of chairman and CEO. However, annual dividend, management holding, intangible asset, ownership concentration and the identity of ownership seems unrelated to acquisition size. The monitoring effect of different institutional ownership including qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII), social security fund (SSF), security firms (SF) and security investment funds (SIF) on the acquisition of listed firms are investigated. We find that QFII and SIF increase acquisition size of those over-acquisition firms while only SSF have significant monitoring effects on those under-acquisition firms.


The Biogeography Branch's Sampling Design Tool for ArcGIS provides a means to effectively develop sampling strategies in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. The tool was produced as part of an iterative process of sampling design development, whereby existing data informs new design decisions. The objective of this process, and hence a product of this tool, is an optimal sampling design which can be used to achieve accurate, highprecision
estimates of population metrics at a minimum of cost. Although NOAA's Biogeography Branch focuses on marine habitats and some examples reflects this, the tool can
be used to sample any type of population defined in space, be it coral reefs or corn fields.


The literature in health information systems and medical informatics reports contradictory findings with regard to acceptance, routinization behavior, and use of technology in healthcare. A possible reason for that is the deficiency of certain studies to adequately conceptualize health professionals as «users» of technology. From a pragmatic view, many clinical systems suffer from a lack of usercentricity, which often provokes a certain level of resistance or negative attitude toward technology among health professionals. Clinical user profiles may be a first step in assisting researchers and practitioners in designing more user-centered systems as well as more precise usability and adoption studies. By means of an exploratory cluster analysis based on the answers of an online survey with 108 health professionals, three different user profiles were identified: the «delegator», the «allrounder», and the «supporter». It is expected that the presented alternative view on users of health information systems may allow scientists to improve the explanatory power of value assessments and usability studies as well as designers to better adapt their solutions to the context and interests of health professionals.


In the 1740s, the Marquise du Châtelet translated Newton's Principia (1731, third edition) into French. Her's remains the standard translation. In addition, she wrote an extensive commentary in which she gave her own description of the System of the World, and analytical solutions to key disputed aspects of Newton's theory of universal gravitation. She also included summaries of two mathematical essays that clarified and confirmed Newton's application of his theory to observed phenomena: Aléxis–Claude Clairaut's on the shape of the Earth and Daniel Bernoulli's on the effects of the Sun and Moon on the tides.


The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of pharmaceutical activities. The main contradictions of legislation in the approaches to the definition of the concepts of "pharmaceutical organization", "subject of pharmaceutical activities", "pharmacy organization", "type of pharmacy organization" are considered. The problem of uncertainty in the status of a pharmacy organization, an individual entrepreneur with a pharmaceutical license has been identified. The need to develop an unified terminology for the types of pharmacy organizations, indicating their differences according to criteria such as functional purpose and structural features, is indicated. It was proposed to amend the Federal Law-61 taking into account the provisions of Federal Law-323, a new order "On the approval of the types of pharmaceutical organizations.


Poly-N-vinylcarbazole–polyaniline (PANI) composites were synthesized using different loading concentration of aniline (0.025–0.1 M) for their microwave absorption characteristics. The obtained composites were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis technique, and atomic force microscope for their chemical structure, thermal stability, and the surface modifications, respectively. The conductivity increased much with the increase of aniline concentration in the composites. The composite sheets exhibited a strong microwave absorption in the microwave range of 1–10 GHz and achieved a maximum absorption value of 33 dB. The position of absorbing peak shows a mixed trend moving from lower to higher and again to lower with an increasing the concentration of aniline in the poly-N-vinylcarbazole–PANI. The new polymer composite exhibited an appreciable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency compared with the previously reported PANI composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers


From the beginning of life, human immune system is affected by interactions with different microorganisms. Immediately after the birth bacteria colonize mucous tissues and namely the gastrointestinal tract, which was antenatally sterile. Bacteria are involved in allergic inflammation by two different ways. They can either initiate the allergic response or they can diminish it. To the negative factors, which can trigger the allergic response belong superantigens, namely the bacterial enterotoxins. Positive factors include mycobacterial antigens, intestinal microflora, pathogen-associated molecular patterns and CpG motives that belong to components of the bacterial genome DNA. The effect of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria on the development of allergic inflammation is two faced. Lipopolysaccharide has a protective role when the infection precedes the contact with allergen for a long time. Short period between the infection and allergen exposition leads in a sensitized person to the provocation of allergic disease. These and other factors are important in relation to the so-called hygiene hypothesis where the T regulatory lymphocytes seem to play the key role in the balance between Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes.


To explore the effect of selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) on intestinal barrier functions in weaned pigs upon oxidative stress, a 2 × 2 factorial design was utilized and thirty-two pigs were randomly assigned into four groups. Pigs with or without exposure to oxidative stress (diquat challenge) were fed with a basal diet or a SeY-containing diet. The trial lasted for 21 days, and result showed that SeY supplementation attenuated body-weight reduction and significantly decreased the serum concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid in pigs upon diquat challenge (P < 0.05). Diquat challenge decreased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). However, SeY supplementation not only elevated the villus height and the ratio of V/C (P < 0.05) but also improved the distribution and abundance of tight-junction protein ZO-1 in the jejunum epithelium. Interestingly, SeY supplementation acutely decreased the total apoptosis rate of intestinal epithelial cells in pigs upon diquat challenge (P < 0.05). Moreover, SeY elevated the content of antioxidant molecules such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) but significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). Importantly, SeY elevated the expression levels of critical functional genes such as the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) in the intestinal mucosa upon diquat challenge (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of caspase-3 was downregulated by SeY in the duodenum and jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05). These results indicated that SeY attenuated oxidative stress-induced intestinal mucosa disruption, which was associated with elevated mucosal antioxidative capacity and improved intestinal barrier functions.


In recent years Islam has begun to rise marked by the emergence of modern sharia-based markets, one of which is the presence of 212 Mart. It is expected that the presence of 212 Mart in the midst of the rampant conventional economy which is currently growing and developing rapidly can become a major alternative for Muslims who have the enthusiasm and determination to advance the Islamic economy through the Islamic system. To find out how this modern sharia market can grow and develop like a conventional market today, a research is needed. Research Objectives : To determine and analyze the influence of location, product completeness, consumer characteristics and services on consumer decisions to buy at 212 Mart Medan. Research Methodology : In this study using a descriptive associative approach with the object of research is 212 Mart Medan's customers. Testing is done by multiple linear regression test by first doing a classic assumption test, then a partial hypothesis test (t-test) and simultaneous (f-test) and the coefficient of determination test. Research Results : Partially, location variables, product completeness and consumer characteristics have positive and significant influence on consumer buying decisions at 212 Mart Medan, while service variables have no positive and no significant effect. Simultaneously location variables, product completeness, customer characteristics and service have a positive and significant influence on consumer buying decisions at 212 Mart Medan.


The ability of neutrophils to degrade cartilage proteoglycan suggests that the neutrophils that accumulate in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients are mediators of tissue damage. The regulatory mechanisms which are relevant to the proteoglycan‐degrading activity of neutrophils are poorly understood. Since phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K), protein kinase C (PKC), the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/ERK2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) have been reported to regulate neutrophil respiratory burst and/or degranulation, a role for these signalling molecules in regulating proteoglycan degradation was investigated. Preincubation of human neutrophils with GF109203X (an inhibitor of PKC), PD98059 (an inhibitor of MEK, the upstream regulator of ERK1/ERK2) or with forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP, failed to suppress proteoglycan degradation of opsonized bovine cartilage. In contrast, preincubation of neutrophils with wortmannin or LY294002, specific inhibitors of PI3‐K, inhibited proteoglycan degradation. Incubation of neutrophils with cartilage resulted in the activation of PI3‐K in neutrophils, consistent with a role for PI3‐K in proteoglycan degradation. Activation of PI3‐K and proteoglycan degradation was enhanced by tumour necrosis factor‐α. Degradation caused by neutrophils from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients was also inhibited by wortmannin. These data demonstrate that the proteoglycan degradative activity of neutrophils required PI3‐K but not PKC or the ERK1/ERK2/ERK5 cascades and was insensitive to increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations.


The present invention relates to a flow-through diagnostic device including a biosensor for detecting an analyte in a fluid. The present invention provides a device for detecting an analyte in a sample comprising a capture probe module, wherein that capture probe module comprises (i) a segment of a flow channel comprising microchannels and (ii) a plurality of elements (e.g., porous membranes) comprising at least one capture probe or alternatively being capable of immobilizing at last one capture probe for detecting the analyte, wherein the elements are arranged in the flow channel in such an order that adjacent elements form part of the microchannels. [on SciFinder (R)]


BACKGROUND
The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in vegetables is a significant public health concern. Nopalito is a cactaceous that is commonly consumed either raw or cooked in Mexico and other countries. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains on raw whole nopalitos (RWN, without prickles), raw nopalitos cut into squares (RNCS) and in cooked nopalitos salads (CNS) samples was determined. In addition, the behavior of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates on RWN, RNCS and CNS at 25° ± 2 °C and 3° ± 2 °C was investigated.

RESULTS
One hundred samples of RWN, 100 of RNCS and 100 more of CNS were collected from public markets. Salmonella strains were isolated and identified in 30, 30 and 10% of the samples, respectively. Seventy multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from all the nopalitos samples. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates survived at least 15 days on RWN at 25° ± 2 °C or 3° ± 2 °C. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates grew in the RNCS and CNS samples at 25° ± 2 °C. However, at 3° ± 2 °C the bacterial growth was inhibited.

CONCLUSION
This is the first report about multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolation from raw nopalitos and nopalitos salads. Nopalitos from markets are very likely to be an important factor contributing to the endemicity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella-related gastroenteritis in Mexico. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


The commonly quoted values of maximum photosynthetic efficiency have been those obtained by determining the oxygen yield from suspensions of resting algal cells in which growth was disregarded. The unpredictability of the metabolism of resting cells severely vitiates the reliability of measurements made on their energy metabolism. Also the validity of the measurements with resting cells is made doubtful by anomalous values for the photosynthetic quotient (-δCO2 /δO2 ). The measurements on resting cells fall into two categories: one in which the cells were suspended in acid media (pH 5) with a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) of 5% atmospheric, and one in which the cells were suspended in alkaline media (about pH 9) with a pco2 of 0.25% atmospheric. In acid media with 5% CO2 , the most probable value of the minimum quantum demand is 5 to 6 hv/O2 . With pH 9 media, equilibrated with 0.25% CO2 , the minimum quantum demand found is about 10 hv/O2 . This low efficiency seems to be caused by a sub-optimal CO2 partial presure, since it has been observed that the value at alkaline pH agrees with that at acid pH provided the pCO2 is maintained at 2 % atmospheric. This pCQ2 effect has been neglected by many workers. To avoid the controversial methods using resting cells, it is essential to determine the photosynthetic efficiency of cells in a steady state of growth. The environmental conditions during growth of the cells have a strong influence on the efficiency of photosynthesis; for instance, the efficiency appears to be strongly dependent on the temperature during growth. Under light-limited conditions when the photosynthetic efficiency of growth is optimized the minimum quantum demand of algal cells is found to be 5 to 6 hv/O2 . The minimum quantum demand of CO2 fixation varies from 1.1 to 1.4 times the value for O2 depending on the nature of the nitrogen source for growth. Significant doubt must be attached to measurements of the maximum photosynthetic efficiency with isolated chloroplasts, on the grounds that in vitro conditions may impair their efficiency and that the efficiency may be affected by the growth conditions of the parent plant. Thus, a unified view of the experimental data indicates that the most probable value of the minimum quantum demand is 5 to 6 hv/O2 . The preference for the apparently sub-optimal value of about 10 hv/O2 found with alkaline media and a pco2 of 0.25 %, which is the prevailing view, is necessitated by the requirement of the Z-scheme paradigm of the mechanism of the electron transfer. Thus it appears that hypothesis rather than a unified view of the experimental data on the efficiency is dictating the view of the mechanism involved. A cell of Chlorella (strain 211/8k) fully charged with reducing equivalents and energy can continue to assimilate CO2 and grow at the maximum rate (doubling time 3 h) for 9 s. It is calculated that exposure to 20 W m-2 (daylight PAR) for 0.5 s is sufficient fully to charge such a cell with energy and reducing equivalents. This calculation predicts that, in the steady state of growth, cycles of exposure of each cell to 20 W m-2 for 0.5 s followed by 9 s in the dark will support growth at the maximum rate. The theoretical expressions used to express the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of conversion of radiation to chemical work (ηT ) are shown to be inconsistent. The correct value is taken to be given by Spanner's equation ηT = 1 -(T/Tr ), where T is the ambient temperature and Tr is the radiation temperature. Hence, the maximum value of ηT for conversion of the PAR in sunlight to chemical work varies from 0.93 for unscattered sunlight to 0.70 if it is isotropically scattered. It is deduced that under the usual ambient conditions the value of ηT for photosynthesis will decrease by 0.043 for each log decrease in the irradiance. Contents Summary 3 I. Introduction 4 II. The stoichiometry of photosynthesis 6 III. Thermodynamic limits to photosynthetic efficiency 7 IV. The theoretical quantum demands for production of NADPH and ATP 8 V. The dynamics and energetics of photosynthetic growth 10 VI. The physiology of cells at or near zero growth rate 12 VII. Manometric measurements of quantum demands of resting cells 13 VIII. Non-manometric measurements of quantum demands of resting cells 16 IX. Quantum demands of vascular plants and isolated chloroplasts 18 X. The quantum demands of growing cells 19 XI. The influence of wavelength of radiation on photosynthetic efficiency 22 XII. Conclusion 23 XIII. Appendices 24 References 34.


Abstract PrimPol is a DNA damage tolerant polymerase displaying both translesion synthesis (TLS) and (re)-priming properties. This led us to study the consequences of a PrimPol deficiency in tolerating mutagenic lesions induced by members of the APOBEC/AID family of cytosine deaminases. Interestingly, during somatic hypermutation, PrimPol counteracts the generation of C>G transversions on the leading strand. Independently, mutation analyses in human invasive breast cancer confirmed a pro-mutagenic activity of APOBEC3B and revealed a genome-wide anti-mutagenic activity of PRIMPOL as well as most Y-family TLS polymerases. PRIMPOL especially prevents APOBEC3B targeted cytosine mutations within TpC dinucleotides. As C transversions induced by APOBEC/AID family members depend on the formation of AP-sites, we propose that PrimPol reprimes preferentially downstream of AP-sites on the leading strand, to prohibit error-prone TLS and simultaneously stimulate error-free homology directed repair. These in vivo studies are the first demonstrating a critical anti-mutagenic activity of PrimPol in genome maintenance.


A method for the design of bandpass filters with multiple pass bands is presented. The key point of this method is a frequency map between single-band resonators and multiple-band networks formed by those resonators with additional resonators coupled to them. The mapping problem is a non-linear one and the mathematical treatment, based on mapping the cut-off frequencies, is not simple. However, the resulting method is quite straightforward: first, synthesize a single-band equivalent filter; then, couple to each resonator a set of as many resonators as pass bands minus one, being the sets identical between them. The method is illustrated by designing several microstrip prototypes with one to three bands. They consist of conventional parallel-coupled half-wavelength resonator filters with additional hairpin or meandered resonators.


UNLABELLED
We sought to clarify the effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) on the immediate responses of cerebral vasculature to sudden changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension in healthy humans. By use of a transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V(MCA)) was measured during a step increase followed by a step decrease in end-tidal CO2 tension (PET(CO2)) between normo- and hypercapnia while subjects inspired gas mixtures containing 70%O2 + 30% N2 (control) and 70% O2 + 30% N2O (N2O) separately. During the control condition, both step increase and decrease in PET(CO2) produced rapid exponential changes in V(MCA). An increase in V(MCA) produced by the step increase in PET(CO2) was smaller (P < 0.001) and slower (P < 0.001) than a decrease in V(MCA) induced by the step decrease in PET(CO2). These general features of the dynamic cerebrovascular response were not affected by substitution of N2O for N2 in the inspired gases although N2O increased baseline V(MCA) by 15% (P < 0.001) compared with the control condition. We conclude that N2(O) in itself does not affect the dynamic cerebrovascular response to arterial CO2 changes, although it produces static mild cerebral vasodilation.

IMPLICATIONS
This study suggests that nitrous oxide does not affect the dynamic cerebrovascular reactivity to acute arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) changes, i.e., exponential changes in cerebral blood flow in response to step changes in alveolar CO2 tension, although it does produce a mild increase in normocapnic cerebral blood flow velocity.


For nearly four decades, we have been witnessing the development of the concept of corporate governance. This concept has evolved considerably since its appearance because of its multidisciplinary nature and the high diversity of its theoretical grids. There are two main theoretical approaches. The disciplinary and cognitive approaches. Given the challenges and opportunities of digital transformation and its inevitable impact on the bank's business model, it is natural that it also impacts on its governance. This impact can be analyzed from the two dimensions of governance. First, a cognitive dimension, which concerns all the players in the governance system, particularly the board of directors. Then, a disciplinary dimension dictated by the radical transformation of the confidence relations (Board of Directors/managers) established by the blockchain technology which could call into question the notion of opportunism advocated by the agency theory as the basis of the disciplinary approach of governance. In this paper, we will explore from an unprecedented analysis of the impact of digital transformation on banking governance. This analysis will focus on the two dimensions of governance: disciplinary and cognitive. Finally, an empirical study will be presented on the digital transformation at the level of Moroccan banks which refers in particular to the cognitive aspects of governance. Keywords: corporate governance, disciplinary governance, cognitive governance, banking governance, digital transformation


We conducted near-infrared ($\mathit {JHK}_{\rm s}$) imaging polarimetry toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) M 17 SWex, including almost all of the IRDC filaments as well as its outskirts, with the polarimeter SIRPOL on the IRSF 1.4 m telescope. We revealed the magnetic fields of M 17 SWex with our polarization-detected sources that were selected by some criteria based on their near-IR colors and the column densities toward them, which were derived from the Herschel data. The selected sources indicate not only that the ordered magnetic field is perpendicular to the cloud elongation as a whole, but also that at both ends of the elongated cloud the magnetic field appears to be bent toward its central part, i.e., a large-scale hourglass-shaped magnetic field perpendicular to the cloud elongation. In addition to this general trend, the elongations of the filamentary subregions within the dense parts of the cloud appear to be mostly perpendicular to their local magnetic fields, while the magnetic fields of the outskirts appear to follow the thin filaments that protrude from the dense parts. The magnetic strengths were estimated to be ∼70–$300\, \mu$G in the subregions, of which the lengths and average number densities are ∼3–9 pc and ∼2–7 × 103 cm−3, respectively, by the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method with the angular dispersion of our polarization data and the velocity dispersion derived from the C18O (J = 1–0) data obtained by the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. These field configurations and our magnetic stability analysis of the subregions imply that the magnetic field has controlled the formation/evolution of the M 17 SWex cloud.


Purpose: Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a rare, aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype. There is currently limited understanding on the role of molecular alterations in the pathogenesis and progression of these tumors. We investigated the association between somatic alterations and clinical outcomes in two independent cohorts profiled using DNA sequencing. Experimental Design: Twenty-two tRCCs underwent targeted sequencing [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK)-IMPACT]; a subset was profiled using exome-sequencing and combined with exome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for analysis. The prognostic value of specific somatic aberrations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and fraction of copy-number–altered genome (FCNAg) was explored. In TCGA cases, neoantigen prediction and immune cell deconvolution were performed using RNA-sequencing and exome data. Overall survival estimates were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method; time-on-treatment was calculated for 14 MSK-IMPACT patients who underwent systemic therapy. Associations between molecular features and outcomes were evaluated using nonparametric testing. Results: Copy-number aberrant tRCCs were associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.03). Pediatric patients had tumors with lower FCNAg (P = 0.01). In one adult case with two chronologically distinct tumor samples sequenced, we confirmed that copy-number events occurred early during evolution. TERT promoter mutations were found exclusively in high-stage tumors. We found that tRCCs displayed distinct angiogenesis and PD-L1 gene expression profiles compared with other RCC subtypes. Conclusions: Tumors molecularly defined by increased copy-number variations were associated with aggressive disease in tRCC. A higher burden of genomic events in adults compared with pediatric cases likely reflects a more aggressive clinical course. The unique immunophenotypic characteristics of tRCC merit further exploration.


In this paper we consider all possible dependencies that can be built upon similarity-based fuzzy relations, that is, fuzzy functional and fuzzy multivalued dependencies. Motivated by the fact that the classical obtaining of new dependencies via inference rules may be tedious and uncertain, we replace it by the automated one, where the key role is played by the resolution principle techniques and the fuzzy formulas in place of fuzzy dependencies. We prove that some fuzzy multivalued dependency is actively correct with respect to given fuzzy relation instance if and only if the corresponding fuzzy formula is in line with the attached interpretation. Additionally, we require the tuples of the instance to be conformant (up to some extent) on the leading set of attributes. The equivalence as well as the conclusion are generalized to sets of attributes. The research is conducted by representing the attributes and fuzzy dependencies in the form of fuzzy formulas, and the application of fuzzy implication operators derived from carefully selected Frank's classes of additive generators


BACKGROUND
This study estimates the burden of disease in Korea during 2000-10, using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

METHODS
DALYs are the sum of years of life lost from mortality and years of life lost from disability. DALYs for 24 major diseases in 2000, 2005 and 2010 Korea were calculated based on the Global Burden of Disease Study method.

RESULTS
As in other advanced nations, the burden of disease in Korea is characterized by an increasing importance of cancer, unipolar depression and ischemic heart disease (1681, 1508 and 562 person-years for Year 2010 in terms of DALYs per 10 0000, respectively). At the same time, unipolar depression, liver cirrhosis and mental and behavioral disorder due to alcohol use (1508, 323 and 535 person-years for 2010, respectively) became much more common in Korea than in other advanced nations.

CONCLUSIONS
The burden of disease in Korea follows the pattern of other advanced nations in general but also registers some unique characteristics affected by the nation's distinctive epidemiological and sociocultural contexts, e.g. rapid economic growth and dramatic social transition without appropriate policy response. Korea's health and welfare policy might need to incorporate these special conditions for the effective reduction of its disease burden.


This paper describes the development of a model-based approach to estimating both feedforward and feedback paths of causal time-varying coherence functions (TVCF). Theoretical derivations of the coherence bounds of the causal TVCF using the proposed approach are also provided. Both theoretical derivations and simulation results revealed interesting observations, and they were corroborated using experimental renal blood pressure and flow data. Specifically, both theoretical derivations and experimental data showed that in certain cases, the calculation of the traditional TVCF was inappropriate when the system under investigation was a causal system. Moreover, the use of the causal TVCF not only provides quantitative assessment of the coupling between the two signals, but it also provides valuable insights into the composition of the physical structure of the renal auto regulatory system.


An efficient algorithm for the computation of the real-time dependence of a single quantum spin-1/2 coupled to a specific set of quantum spin-1/2 baths is presented. The specific spin baths have couplings only with the spin operators Sx between bath spins and the central spin. We calculate spin expectation values, the quantum purity, the von Neumann entropy, and the off-diagonal components of the reduced density matrix for the central spin once the bath spins have been traced out. The algorithm does not require the storage of any vector larger than of size 2, even though the size of the Hilbert space is 2N+1, where N is the number of bath spins. Results are presented for the central spin connected to different sizes and types of spin baths, and for different initial states for the central spin and for the bath spins. Results are also compared to those for more general baths.


This paper describes the bifurcation phenomena of a system of parallel-connected boost DC/DC converters. The results provide useful information for the design of stable current sharing in a master-slave configuration. Computer simulations are performed to capture the effects of variation of some chosen parameters on the qualitative behaviour of the system. It is found that variation of some parameters leads to Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Analysis is presented to establish the possibility of the bifurcation phenomena.


The intensity and magnitude of change that characterize coastal areas now demand the implementation of collective processes and tools to enhance coastal zone knowledge and management. Our hypothesis is that Coastal Spatial Data Infrastructures (CSDI) can contribute to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) through a combination of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements to improve data access and sharing processes. However, their real contribution depends on the answers they provide to public bodies. This article presents the first results of a project whose goal is to implement an SDI dedicated to marine and coastal areas as a sub-set of a regional (subnational) SDI (Brittany Region, France). Based on interviews with key public ICZM stakeholders, this study examines the implementation of a data repository and a specific geoportal, and proposes a set of indicators for monitoring coastal areas.


The material-point method (MPM) is a continuum-based numerical tool to simulate problems that involve large deformations. Within MPM, a continuum is discretized by defining a set of Lagrangian particles, called material points, which store all relevant material properties. Themethod adopts an Eulerian background grid, where the equations of motion are solved at every time step. The solution on the background grid is used to subsequently update all material-point properties, such as displacement, velocity, and stress. In this way, MPM incorporates both Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions. Similarly to other combined Eulerian-Lagrangian techniques, MPM attempts to avoid the numerical difficulties arising from nonlinear convective terms associated with an Eulerian problem formulation, while preventing grid distortion, typically encounteredwithin meshbased Lagrangian formulations. Over the years,MPM has been successfully applied to many complex problems from engineering and computer graphics. Despite its impressive performance for these applications, the method still suffers from several numerical shortcomings, such as stability issues, inaccurate mapping of the material-point data, and unphysical oscillations that arise when material points travel from one element to another, the so-called grid crossing errors. This dissertation provides an overview of the existing literature that addresses these drawbacks, and introduces new mathematical techniques that improve the performance of MPM. Previous studies have indicated that the use of higher-order B-spline basis functions within MPM mitigates the grid-crossing errors, thereby improving the accuracy of the method. This thesis combines the B-spline approach, known as BSMPM, with an alternative technique to project the information from material points to the background grid. The mapping technique is based on cubic-spline interpolation and Gauss quadrature. The numerical results show that the proposed approach further increases the accuracy of the method and leads to higher-order convergence. Moreover, the extension of BSMPM to unstructured grids using Powell-Sabin splines is discussed. After that, this dissertation compares MPM to the optimal transportation meshfree (OTM) method. Both MPM and the OTM method have been developed to efficiently solve partial differential equations that arise from the conservation laws in continuum mechanics. However, the methods are derived in a different fashion and have been studied independently of one another. This thesis provides a direct step-by-step comparison of the MPM and OTM algorithms. Based on this comparison, the conditions, under which the two approaches can be related to each other, are derived, thereby bridging the gap between the MPM and OTM communities. In addition, the thesis introduces a novel unified approach that combines the design principles from BSMPM and the OTM method. The proposed approach is significantly cheaper and more robust than the standard OTM method and allows for the use of a consistent mass matrix without stability issues that are typically encountered in MPM computations. Finally, this thesis introduces a novel function reconstruction technique that combines the well-known least-squares method with local Taylor basis functions, called Taylor least squares (TLS). The technique reconstructs functions from scattered data, while preserving their integral values. In conjunction with MPM or a related method, the TLS technique locally approximates quantities of interest, such as stress and density, and when used with a suitable quadrature rule, conserves the total mass and linear momentum after transferring the material-point information to the grid. The integration of the technique into MPM, dual domain material-point method (DDMPM), and BSMPM significantly improves the results of these methods. For the considered onedimensional examples, the TLS function reconstruction technique resembles the approximation properties of the highly-accurate cubic-spline reconstruction, while preserving the physical aspects of the standard algorithm.


The growth kinetics and the structure of organic/silica hybrids prepared from acid hydrolysis of 1:1 molar mixtures of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at 315, 325 and 335 K. The evolution of the SAXS intensity is compatible with the growth of silica-rich domains by aggregation from a fixed number of primary particles. Two distinct growth regimes could be identified by analyzing the relation I(0) ∝ RgD between the intensity extrapolated to zero I(0), the radius of gyration Rg of the aggregates and the exponent D, which gives information on the geometry and the mechanism of growth of the aggregates. An initial period was attributed to the growth of rod-like particles with approximately the same radius and variable length. At more advanced degrees of aggregation the process was controlled by the growth of larger aggregates with higher-order dimensionality. A narrow distribution of cylinder lengths given by the Schulz function fitted the experimental SAXS data well during the most part of the initial regime of cylindrical particle growth. These particles were later found as rod-like subunits of the larger aggregates grown at more advanced degrees of aggregation. Some condensation possibilities yielding the formation of structures compatible with those inferred from the present study are discussed.


Summary A reduction in the survival of Salmonella tryphimurium TA 1530 was observed when the bacteria were incubated with aflatoxin B 1 , rat liver microsomes, and a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system. The lethality appeared to depend on the formation of a metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 by a mixed-function oxygenase system. The killing was very rapid; only 1% of the bacteria were able to form colonies after 2 min of incubation with large amounts of microsomes and aflatoxin B 1 . Attempts to separate the toxic metabolite from the microsomal system have not been successful. Toxic metabolites for S. typhimurium TA 1530 were also formed if aflatoxin B 1 was replaced by either aflatoxin G 1 or sterigmatocystin in the microsome-mediated toxicity assay. Except for aflatoxicol, the derivatives that were tested either had much less activity or were inactive. The livers from a number of other species of rodents and a single autopsy sample of human liver also were active in the microsome-mediated aflatoxin B 1 toxicity assay. The addition of RNA or DNA to the incubation mixture inhibited the killing of the bacteria. The RNA (which was reisolated after its incubation with aflatoxin B 1 ), liver microsomes, and a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system showed a low, broad absorption, with a maximum at 366 to 370 nm. This high wavelength absorption was not removed by Sephadex G-10 chromatography of the RNA or by extraction procedures and appeared to be attributable to covalently bound aflatoxin B 1 toxicity assay. The formation of the conjugated RNA was dependent on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and was inhibited by the addition of aniline; the amount formed was a function of the activity of the mixed-function oxygenases in the incubation mixture. On the basis of the data presented, it is tentatively suggested that the derivative that is toxic to S. typhimurium TA 1530 and the one that reacts with nucleic acids are identical. The possible relationship of this derivative to the hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin B 1 is discussed.


Human activity recognition is a challenging problem with many applications including visual surveillance, human-computer interactions, autonomous driving and entertainment. In this study, we propose a hybrid deep model to understand and interpret videos focusing on human activity recognition. The proposed architecture is constructed combining dense optical flow approach and auxiliary movement information in video datasets using deep learning methodologies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study based on a novel combination of 3D-convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) fed by optical flow and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) fed by auxiliary information over video frames for the purpose of human activity recognition. The contributions of this paper are sixfold. First, a 3D-CNN, also called multiple frames is employed to determine the motion vectors. With the same purpose, the 3D-CNN is secondly used for dense optical flow, which is the distribution of apparent velocities of movement in captured imagery data in video frames. Third, the LSTM is employed as auxiliary information in video to recognize hand-tracking and objects. Fourth, the support vector machine algorithm is utilized for the task of classification of videos. Fifth, a wide range of comparative experiments are conducted on two newly generated chess datasets, namely the magnetic wall chess board video dataset (MCDS), and standard chess board video dataset (CDS) to demonstrate the contributions of the proposed study. Finally, the experimental results reveal that the proposed hybrid deep model exhibits remarkable performance compared to the state-of-the-art studies.


Reliable operation of automatic systems is heavily dependent on the ability to detect faults in the underlying dynamics. While traditional model-based methods have been widely used for fault detection, data-driven approaches have garnered increasing attention due to their ease of deployment and minimal need for expert knowledge. In this letter, we present a novel principal component analysis (PCA) method that uses occupation kernels. Occupation kernels result in feature maps that are tailored to the measured data, have inherent noise-robustness due to the use of integration, and can utilize irregularly sampled system trajectories of variable lengths for PCA. The occupation kernel PCA method is used to develop a reconstruction error approach to fault detection and its efficacy is validated using numerical simulations.


This brief studies the controllability of linear descriptor systems with multiple time delays in control. Several controllability concepts are investigated. First, necessary and sufficient criteria for the controllability of the canonical system are established. Then, equivalent criteria for that of the general system are given. Finally, it is pointed out that the controllability is independent of the size of the time delays.


Patron-Client Relationships in the Radical Enlightenment Edward Andrew Political Science University of Toronto Abstract My paper examines Lord Shelburne's relationships to his intellectual proteges, particularly Jeremy Bentham. I propose to analyze the reasons Shelburne drew thinkers (who have often been described as the radical Enlightenment) around himself, and what drew thinkers to him. Although patronage had been declared outdated in the middle of the eighteenth century by Samuel Johnson and Jean D'Alembert, and David Hume and Adam Smith misleadingly proclaimed that an independent existence was possible in the intellectual marketplace of a democratic print culture, most of the important writers (including Johnson, D'Alembert, Hume and Smith) of the eighteenth century received royal or aristocratic patronage. Indeed, patronage seems incompatible with the central motif of Enlightenment –independent thought or intellectual autonomy. However, if England could be said to have had an Enlightenment comparable to that in Scotland, France of America, it was largely composed of proteges of Lord Shelburne. The subject of my paper is Lord Shelburne's relationship to those he patronized, namely, Bentham, Price. Priestley, Smith, Franklin, Blackstone, William Jones the Orientalist, and Maurice Morgan, the emancipator of slaves. Also, through his patronage of Andre Morellet, Shelburne was connected to Helvetius, D'Holbach, Turgot and other philosophes, as well as their patronnes, such as Mme du Deffand, Mme de Boufflers and Mme Geoffrin. Shelburne arranged for Condorcet to be translated into English and Bentham into French. Because of his French connections, as well as his conciliatory position with respect to the Americans, George III chose him as first minister in 1782 in the attempt to come to terms with both the Americans and the French. Although Shelburne's poor reputation predated his term as first minister, began with the youthful and ambitious participation in the cabinet of "the great commoner", William Pitt who became the Earl of Chatham's in1766, his attempt to secure peace, despite the conflicting


Objectives: This study aims to examine if the follow-up management service by National Health Insurance (NHI) for obesity persons leads to significant modification of the lifestyle and change of health status. Methods: Of persons who underwent health screening and were classified as obesity after periodic health screening by NHI in 2004, persons who took the follow-up management service were selected as case group and persons who took no service were selected as control group. The DW database of NHI was used to explore the effect of the follow-up management service on the modification of lifestyle and health status. Chi-square tests and t-tests, pairs t-tests were conducted with SAS 9.1 to examine the differences of health promotion effect between case vs. control group. Results: It was shows that of lifestyle behaviors, only exercise is significantly improved for case group compared with control group as the effect of the follow-up management service by NHI (2.11%p) (p=0.0435). Further, morbidity rate for control group was 2.05% higher than that of case group (p=0.0002). These results indicate that persons who received the follow-up management service better maintained their health significantly than persons who did not. Conclusion: The present study shows that the appropriate follow-up management services need to be provided for maximaizing potential effect of periodic health screening by NHI.


In was done the clinical research to those medicine such as Adaptol and Noophen. The effectivenes of those medicine have been revealed during the treatment of patients with physical diseases of different ethidogy not only in permatent but also out department A clinical study of Adaptol and Noofen drugs revealed their effectiveness in the treatment of patients with mental disorders of various etiologies, not only in stationary, but also in the outpatient setting. ental health is one of the most important health, social and economic problems. Preliminary estimates indicate that today about 450 million people living on our planet suffer from mental or neurological disorders or from psychosocial problems of various (Gro Harlem Brundtland, 2001) [1]. As stated in the WHO Report on the state of health care in the world, 2001 "Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope", mental and behavioral disorders are present in 10% of the adult population. About 20% of all patients who undergo screening in primary health care, suffer from one or more mental disorders. At the same time, the report says, one in four families has usually at least one member who suffers from a mental or behavioral disorder. Among the mental and behavioral disorders, afflicting the world's population, a significant proportion of occupied neurotic disorders.