Village-owned enterprises (BUMDES) are village business institutions that are managed by the community and village government in an effort to strengthen the village economy and be formed based on the needs and potential of the village. In fact there are some villages that have succeeded in running and developing BUMDes, but there are still many BUMDES that are stagnant and even unproductive in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the conditions and governance of BUMDes that are successful and growing. The method used is a qualitative approach, this type of research uses literature studies by looking for theoretical references relevant to the case or problem found. The results of this study indicate that the Empowerment of Village Communities by the government through the Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) program is an appropriate and relevant effort to Indonesia which is geographically very broad and has diverse potential in each region and village. BUMDes can be the main wheel of economic drivers in the village. But, the acceleration is still not optimal, if seen from the number of BUMDes that succeed with the Number of Villages in Indonesia, it needs to be a common concern in order to improve and achieve goals


This is an account of the early rehabilitation training and care afforded to handicapped infants and babies in special groups in crèches in the city of Magdeburg. The patient groups are described, as well as the nature and execution of the rehabilitation work and the requirements in respect of space and personnel. The legislation that was valid in the former German Democratic Republic is also described. The authors' ideas in respect of future work in rehabilitation and medical paedagogy are presented.


We present the linear type theory ?&> as the formal basis for LLF, a conservative extension of the logical framework LF. LLF combines the expressive power of dependent types with linear logic to permit the natural and concise representation of a whole new class of deductive systems, namely those dealing with state. As an example we encode a version of Mini-ML with mutable references including its type system and its operational semantics, and describe how to take practical advantage of the representation of its computations.


Parkes, Stuart. Writers and Politics in Germany, 1945-2008. Rochester: Camden House, 2009. 239 pp. $65.00 hardback. Stuart Parkes explores politics as it is interwoven with writers, their work, and intellectual debates in Writers and Politics in Germany 1945-2008. The book represents a new appraisal of the period in two ways: first, it draws comparisons between and among writers and ideas in both fiction and non-fiction from the GermanDemocratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic (FRG) and second, it traces the question of a united Germany in intellectual discussion through Germany's division and unification. Parkes's Part 2, with its focus on the intense political and literary activity beginning in 1989/90, reveals the remarkable and continuing evolution of Germany's identity through the shaping of the unity discourse, Vergangenheitsbewaltigung, legacies of division, generational change, and the essence of writing as a political act. For each decade under discussion, Parkes provides a literary and political framework; he then analyzes the public sphere of intellectual debate and the texts that inform it. Since a public forum did not always exist, as in the more restrictive East, Parkes extends his scope to include literary fiction from both West and East to explore dissent and conviction wherever authorial debates occurred, building substantially on the work of his 1986 Writers and Politics in West Germany. From his interest in the first flurry of intellectual activity after 1945, Parkes shows his keenness to interrogate the relationship between the two countries through their authors' engagement on the topics of Nazi past, German guilt and a unity discourse at odds with Cold War tensions. Yet, writers nonetheless addressed the politics of rearmament/militarization and economics, during what Parkes cites as the core of political development in the 1950s: "dissemination of modernist ideas in the West and the adoption at an official level of Marxism-Leninism and Socialist Realism in the East" (32). Chapters Three and Four take on the 1960s, with the latter focused on the student movement; this period represents a politicization of literature in the West, with authorial identification with the FRG at its strongest level. The chronicling of the GDR during the 1960s is mostly descriptive, allowing the freezes and thaws to dictate the discussion: the building of the Berlin Wall, the Eleventh Plenary in 1965 that attacked cultural products for antisocialist tendencies and offenses "against standards of ethics, morality, and decency" (64), and the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. …


The incidence of systemic embolization with mechanical valves is 1% per year. Bacterial endocarditis, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, atrial myxoma, cardiac arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndrome are the causes of coronary embolism. Although coronary embolism due to mechanical valve thrombosis is encountered rarely, it is an important and serious complication. There is no evidence-based effective treatment and management of coronary embolism. Here we report a case of myocardial infarction caused by coronary embolism due to mechanical mitral valve thrombosis.


This research aims to analyze and investigate the role of brand in keeping and increasing the buying portfolio of customers. In this respect, three hypotheses have been developed. In carrying out this research after exploration of models and approaches in brand, questionnaire was used for customers of the company, Pars Rayehe Saz. Based on the hypotheses of the research, a questionnaire form consisting of 24 questions was made, and statistical population was enveloped as company's customers in the first months of the year that was available for the company. Then, this questionnaire form was delivered and gathered after filling. Result was analyzed by SPSS software and all hypotheses examined and the final result was in line with all three hypotheses. It means there is a significant relationship between purchase decision-making and loyalty oriented decision-making (first hypothesis). There is a significant relationship between product quality and future supposed brand extended product quality perceived by customers (second hypothesis). There is a significant relationship between product proportion and future supposed brand extended product proportion perceived by customers (third hypothesis). Statistical population for this research is limited to customers of the first several months of the year that was available for the company to send and receive questionnaire form; the research hypotheses were tested by correlation test. Sign test and simple regression and all the hypotheses were verified. Finally, based on the above three hypothesis, it was concluded that there is a relationship between customers and brand, and it means by using brand, customers would be kept and their purchase basket would increase.

 Key words: Marketing strategy, brand, customer keeping, customer loyalty, customer purchase basket.


First-principles modeling of hydrogen interaction with the vacancy in bcc iron are carried out by WIEN-2k code. Equilibrium position of hydrogen in the cell is defined and the formation energy of hydrogen + vacancy complex is calculated.


We report divergence, astigmatism, and beam propagation factor (M2) measurements of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with emission wavelengths of 8.77 mum. Emission profiles from the facet showed full-width at half-maximum divergence angles of 62deg and 32degplusmn2deg for the fast and slow axes, respectively. Diffraction-limited Ge aspheric microlenses were designed and fabricated to efficiently collect, collimate, and focus QCL emission. A confocal system comprised of these lenses was used to measure M2 yielding 1.8 and 1.2 for the fast and slow axes, respectively. Astigmatism at the exit facet was calculated to be about 3.4 mum, or less than half a wave. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental measurement of astigmatism and M2 reported for midinfrared QCLs.


Purpose:Radiation therapybeam guidance and modulation at treatment time could be substantially supported by onboard molecular and functional imaging capability. Currently there is very little range of technology available for this. Herein we propose and investigate a robotic multi‐pinhole SPECTsystem for this purpose. Methods: A 49‐pinhole system is designed with 7 pods and 7 pinholes per pod. Pod geometry is such that the full target region‐of‐interest (ROI) is within the FOV of all 7 pinholes for all pod distances exceeding a minimum distance from the ROI. Motion of the pods relative to one another can involve just 1 or 2 degrees of freedom per pod. Motion of the entire, composite 49‐pinhole system is provided by a robot. This design enables all 49 pinholes to view the full ROI throughout detector trajectories that can achieve sampling objectives, e.g. on line integrals measured, while also providing good resolution and sensitivity via close proximity to the ROI. The design is evaluated through computer simulation studies in which 7 and 10 mm diameter structures of 6‐to‐1 radiotracer uptake are added to the XCAT phantom. Results are compared to imaging with a compact parallel‐hole collimated detector, which is utilized as a reference for conventional SPECTimaging configurations. Results: For the 7 cm‐diameter target region of interest, the 49‐pinhole system shows markedly improved imaging as compared to the reference, parallel‐hole collimated detector. Most 7 mm and 10 mm diameter structures are readily visualized with 4 minute scans. Conclusions: In only a few minutes of scan time, the designed multi‐pinhole SPECTsystem can provide molecular and functional information about the target region as patients are in position for radiation therapy. This work is supported by NIH grant R21‐CA156390‐01A1.


In this paper, we introduce a novel method to realize a multi-beam optical frequency shifting component for photonic integrated circuits, utilizing an array of parallel optical modulators and a free-propagation region (FPR), such as a slab waveguide-based star coupler. This component generates multiple optical beams with different frequency shifts, making it suitable for various systems, such as multi-beam laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). We thoroughly elaborate on the working principle of the component through theoretical analysis and demonstrate that by applying periodic wave-like modulation in the modulator array, the discrete harmonic content of the light can be selectively directed to different outputs based on the delay between consecutive modulators. A design comprising a 16-element modulator array and 5 outputs will be presented. Simulations show that this design can generate and collect 5 different harmonics (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2) in the different outputs with a side band suppression ratio of 20 dB to 30 dB for each output. Our proposed design is just one possibility and the component can be modified and optimized for specific applications.


The cluster project in Korea has restructured to develop the cluster into a core engine for the pan-regional development policy and connect industrial parks across the country. Korean government has made great efforts to attract research institutes, support organizations and universities in industrial parks and enhance growth potential through a close cooperation network. Especially A mini-cluster is an integrated group joined by companies, universities and research institutes and support organizations. It has been developing business opportunities through industry-academia-research cooperation and providing assistance through network activities. Mini clusters have implemented a variety of network activities. This paper proposed three strategies to accomplish self-sustainable growth of mini-clusters. First of all, mini-cluster needs to provide useful contents that can attract the participation of members. Then it is necessary to promote mini-cluster initiative. Finally, mini-clusters need to make up a cooperative culture.


ABSTRACT Introduction Disease progression in cirrhosis leads to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is characterized by organ failure and high mortality. Portal hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction trigger the development of cirrhosis-related complications whilst tissue injury and cellular metabolic dysfunction lead to organ failure. System inflammation is the overarching mechanism mediating both the transition from compensation to decompensation as well as progression to ACLF. Treatment of precipitating events and intensive organ support is the only established therapeutic strategies. Liver transplantationrepresents the only curative therapy but contraindications and organ scarcity limit its availability to only a minority of patients with end-stage liver disease. Therefore, the discovery and development of novel interventions modifying the disease course and improving patients' outcome are of utmost importance. Areas covered This review highlights and discusses therapeutic novelties in the field of end-stage liver disease. Expert opinion Despite decades of research, there are still no established therapies to improve the devastating prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease. The clinical heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis will put high demands on drug discovery. Combinatorial therapies tailored to the patients' individual pattern of pathomechanisms may be the most efficient way to modify disease course.


Three hundred and thirty-five patients with laboratory-confirmed Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) were studied for epidemiological features, clinical presentation and laboratory markers. They were followed up for 1 year to determine recurrence and mortality. Four hundred and thirty-two episodes were recorded. One year mortality was 41.8 % of which CDI was listed on 20 % of the death certificates. One year recurrence rate was 22.9 %. PCR ribotype 001 was the commonest epidemiological type and ribotype 027 was not detected. High total leucocyte count and low albumin were significantly associated with mortality, as was the absence of a GI-invasive procedure in the 12 weeks preceding CDI diagnosis, probably due to patients being unfit for the procedure. No association with acid suppressants, deletion in the tdcC anti-sigma factor or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection was detected. One year mortality was higher in patients who developed recurrent infections (P<0.001). Differences in ribotype were observed in 2.3 %, 11.11 %, 20 % and 32.4 % isolates with time intervals between sampling of 0-20, 21-40, 41-60 and >60 days, respectively, suggesting that the arbitrary cut-off of 28 days to call a repeat infection a reinfection may not be correct in some cases.


Macrovascular bypass procedures and microvascular free tissue transfer have resulted in dramatic improvements in lower limb salvage. Although vascular steal is a well-documented phenomenon in the surgical literature, there is a paucity of information on its potential impact in microvascular surgery, particularly in relation to lower extremity reconstruction in the elderly patient with peripheral vascular disease. We report three cases of lower extremity reconstruction using microvascular free tissue transfer in which the free flap survived but the distal extremity suffered progressive ischemic necrosis. A retrospective analysis of these cases defines the conditions in which microvascular steal phenomenon may adversely influence lower limb salvage.


The use of algorithms to mine big data for media preferences presents a transformation in the structure of the public sphere that is amplifying the tyranny of the majority. Whereas previous scholarship has lamented the fragmentation of the public sphere caused by the use of big data to inform audience analysis and media production, I argue here that fragmentation itself is not an implicitly bad thing for public debate, as fragmentation can encourage participation from the otherwise disempowered. Instead, I suggest that the use of big data to inform media production causes problems in the public sphere not because it fragments public debate, but because it somewhat paradoxically recentres public engagement around the complementary interests of the broad majority and profitability. The problem for public engagement is not that there are no overarching or all-encompassing media structures anymore but rather that these systems are informed by algorithms that promote a particularly populist 'profitable and normal' media experience.


We report a rare case of a mediastinal malignant granular cell tumor in a 41-year-old man presenting with dyspnea, retrosternal chest pain, and recurrent pericardial effusion under treatment with corticosteroids. Because of recurrent episodes, further investigations with chest MRI and F-FDG PET/CT revealed a large infiltrating and strongly hypermetabolic mass in the mediastinum with pericarditis. Histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis showed large cells with greater pleomorphism and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with positive staining for S100 protein and CD68 as well as high Ki67 proliferative index (15%) confirming the diagnosis of a malignant granular cell tumor.


Train is favorite transportation in Indonesia. The increase in the number of passengers from year to year is proof that rail transportation supports community mobility. Therefore, services are needed to accommodate the needs of the community in ordering train tickets. Currently, the train ticket booking system can be done offline or online. Especially for the online train ticket booking system, there are still some obstacles i.e., during the Covid-19 pandemic, a train ticket booking information system is also needed which must be adjusted to health protocols to minimize the spread of Covid-19 during travel by train, starting from the ticket booking process. The system development methodology used is Scrum, this methodology is a framework that applies the stages of planning, analysis, design and implementation to build or develop software where work is divided into time frames called sprints. The long-distance train ticket booking application has been able to minimize the accumulation of passengers in exchanging tickets at the train station platform.


In order to improve the productivity of house musk shrews, we investigated whether a male could impregnate more than one female within 24 h. Eighteen males and 40 females aged one year were used in this experiment. The mating systems were as follows: one male was paired with one female, one male was paired with two females, and one male was paired with four females. In the fertility rate, six out of 6, 4 of 12 and 4 of 20 females became pregnant and gave birth under three systems, respectively. In the copulatory behavior, numbers of intromissions and ejaculations were more in the 1:1 mating group as compared with the 1:2 and 1:4 groups. We conclude that it is possible for a male to impregnate about one female within 24 h.


Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a currently incurable deadly disease characterized by progressively elevated pulmonary vascular resistance which leads to right heart failure and eventually death. Exercise intolerance is a major manifestation which severely affects the quality of life in patients with PAH. Exercise capacity can be objectively measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which is also recommended by the latest PAH guideline. CPET also provides additional information on ventilatory efficiency and cardiovascular functions. The prognostic value of several CPET parameters has been demonstrated in patients with idiopathic PAH in previous studies, however, it is insufficiently demonstrated in congenital heart disease associated with PAH (CHD-PAH). Moreover, apart from prognostic evaluation of clinical exercise parameters, the underlying metabolic changes during exercise in PAH has yet to be investigated.
Aims: We mainly aimed to: (1) evaluate the exercise capacity, ventilatory efficiency, and cardiovascular reserve using CPET in patients with CHD-PAH; (2) investigate whether CPET parameters have prognostic implications in these patients; (3) improve the understanding of metabolic perturbations in CHD-PAH through exercise-metabolomics profiling.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 171 consecutive patients with CHD-PAH and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and performed CPET. Prognostic evaluation of CPET parameters was performed in the overall patient cohort. Of all the patients, we collected blood samples at baseline, peak exercise, and recovery period during CPET of 29 patients (Exercise metabolic cohort) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for measurement of 224 metabolites included in 3 targeted panels using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.
Results: The median age of patients at enrollment was 27.8 years, and 131 (76.6%) were female. Exercise capacity, ventilatory efficiency, and cardiovascular reserve were severely reduced in patients compared to healthy controls. In multivariate COX regression analysis, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was identified as an independent predictor for both mortality (Hazard ratio = 0.579, 95% CI: 0.429, 0.781; p < 0.001) and clinical worsening (CW) (Hazard ratio = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.741, 0.958; p = 0.009). Patients with VO2 < 11.1 ml/kg/min were at increased risk of death (log-rank p < 0.001) and patients with peak VO2 < 13.0 ml/kg/min were more likely to have CW events (log-rank p = 0.004) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Random survival forest analysis supported the prognostic value of peak VO2 for predicting both mortality and CW. Exercise-metabolomics profiling showed patients had significantly different baseline metabolic status and exercise-induced metabolic responses compared to controls. Linear regression analysis indicated that the reserve (difference between baseline and peak exercise) in some metabolites during exercise were significantly related to VO2 reserve in patients. Comprehensive analysis and screening identified spermine and spermidine not only of diagnostic value but also involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms in PAH.
Conclusions: Patients with CHD-PAH have worse exercise capacity, ventilatory efficiency and cardiovascular reserve compared to healthy controls. Peak VO2 is a strong predictor for both mortality and CW in CHD-PAH. Patients with peak VO2 < 11.1 ml/kg/min are at higher risk of death and patients with peak VO2 < 13.0 ml/kg/min are more likely to have CW events. Altered spermidine/spermine metabolism might be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the exercise intolerance in patients with CHD-PAH.


Granulomatous reactions are related to infectious and non infectious diseases, but more rarely, granulomas may occur in association to malignancies. The presence of sarcoid-like granulomas in lymph nodes draining malignant tumors is an uncommon but well known occurrence. However, their presence in the stroma of malignant tumors is much rarer. We have only found two previous cases reported in the Japanese and English literature. In this study we report a well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right colon associated to a stromal granulomatous sarcoid-like reaction. Lymph nodes were not involved. The patient had a clinical history of tuberculosis treated 15 years ago, but there was no clinical, histomorphological, immunohistochemical or molecular evidence of disease at the moment of these findings. We have reviewed the literature to find the keys and the diagnostic challenges posed by granulomatous sarcoid-like reaction occurring in lymph nodes draining malignant neoplasms, peritumoral stroma and in other organs far from the primary tumor. The diagnosis of granulomatous sarcoid-like reactions associated to malignancies can be challenging and it can only be made after ruling out specific infectious and non infectious causes of granulomatous inflammation. The mechanisms involved in granuloma formation, their relationship with demographic and histopathological features, their possible association with autoimmune disorders, their cytokine profile and, more importantly, their prognostic significance in each type of tumor are still unclear and require studies with larger number of patients.


In modern multi-core systems with multiple real-time (RT) applications, memory traffic accessing the shared SDRAM is increasingly diverse, e.g., transactions have variable sizes. RT memory controllers with dynamic command scheduling can efficiently address the diversity by issuing appropriate commands subject to the SDRAM timing constraints. However, the scheduling dependencies between commands make it challenging to derive tight bounds for the worst-case response time (WCRT) and the worst-case bandwidth (WCBW) of a memory controller. Existing modeling and analysis techniques either do not provide tight WCRT and WCBW bounds for diverse memory traffic with variable transaction sizes or are difficult to adapt to different RT memory controllers. This paper models a memory controller using Timed Automata (TA), where model checking is applied for analysis. Our TA model is modular and accurately captures the behavior of a RT memory controller with dynamic command scheduling. We obtain WCRT and WCBW bounds, which are validated by simulating the worst- case transaction traces obtained by model checking with a cycle-accurate model of the memory controller. Our method outperforms three state-of-the-art analysis techniques. We reduce WCRT bound by up to 20%, while the average improvement is 7.7%, and increase the WCBW bound by up to 25% with an average improvement of 13.6%. In addition, our modeling is generic enough to extend to memory controllers with different mechanisms.


: We study the ground state of a one-dimensional channel with strong attractive electron–electron interactions at low temperatures. In spite of the fact that, at low temperatures, the ground state of one-dimensional attracting electrons is a state with a macroscopically large number of cooperons, the resulting superconducting phase has a number of significant differences. Namely, the order parameter (which should appear in the superconducting phase according to Landau's phenomenological theory) turns out to be zero. However, elastic impurities implanted in a one-dimensional channel will not lead to dissipation of the supercurrent associated with the condensate movement as a whole.


This paper is the third and last in a series of papers that deal with collisional energy transfer, CET, between aromatic polyatomic molecules. Paper 1 of this series (J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 8310) reports on the mechanism and quantities of CET between an excited benzene and cold benzene and Ar bath. Paper 2 in the series (J. Phys. Chem., in press) discusses CET between excited toluene, p-xylene and azulene with cold benzene and Ar and CET between excited benzene colliding with cold toluene, p-xylene and azulene. The present work reports on CET in self-collisions of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and azulene. Two modes of excitation are considered, identical excitation energies and identical vibrational temperatures for all four molecules. It compares the present results with those of papers 1 and 2 and reports new findings on average vibrational, rotational, and translational energy, , transferred in a single collision. CET takes place mainly via vibration to vibration energy transfer. The effect of internal rotors on CET is discussed and CET quantities are reported as a function of temperature and excitation energy. It is found that the temperature dependence of CET quantities is unexpected, resembling a parabolic function. The density of vibrational states is reported and its effect on CET is discussed. Energy transfer probability density functions, P(E,E'), for various collision pairs are reported and it is shown that the shape of the curves is convex at low temperatures and can be concave at high temperatures. There is a large supercollision tail at the down wing of P(E,E'). The mechanisms of CET are short, impulsive collisions and long-lived chattering collisions where energy is transferred in a sequence of short internal encounters during the lifetime of the collision complex. The collision complex lifetimes as a function of temperature are reported. It is shown that dynamical effects control CET. A comparison is made with experimental results and it is shown that good agreement is obtained.


In a nonparametric (distribution-free) approach to the correlation between two sets of measurements made on the same individuals, each set may be ranked in order of magnitude. The standard (Pearson) product-moment correlation coefficient is calculated on the two sets of ranks. Simple formulae are available, and adjustments are made for tied ranks. Test and estimation procedures are described. The relationship with the Kendall rank correlation coefficient is discussed.

Keywords:

nonparametric;
distribution-free;
Pearson correlation coefficient;
tied ranks;
Kendall rank correlation;
Fisher's z


Background Understanding the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems living at home has the potential to improve autonomy and inform shared decision making (SDM) about their housing options. Objective We aim to (1) assess the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems, (2) co-design an electronic decision support intervention (e-DSI) that integrates users' mobility patterns and experiences, (3) explore their intention to use an e-DSI to support autonomy at home, and (4) inform future SDM processes about housing options. Methods Informed by the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) reporting guidelines, we will conduct a 3-year, multipronged mixed methods study in Canada, Sweden, and the Netherlands. For Phase 1, we will recruit a convenience sample of 20 older adults living at home with memory problems from clinical and community settings in each country, for a total of 60 participants. We will ask participants to record their mobility patterns outside their home for 14 days using a GPS tracker and a travel diary; in addition, we will conduct a walking interview and a final debrief interview after 14 days. For Phase 2, referring to results from the first phase, we will conduct one user-centered co-design process per country with older adults with memory issues, caregivers, health care professionals, and information technology representatives informed by the Double Diamond method. We will ask participants how personalized information about mobility patterns and experiences could be added to an existing e-DSI and how this information could inform SDM about housing options. For Phase 3, using online web-based surveys, we will invite 210 older adults with memory problems and/or their caregivers, split equally across the three countries, to use the e-DSI and provide feedback on its strengths and limitations. Finally, in Phase 4, we will triangulate and compare data from all phases and countries to inform a stakeholder meeting where an action plan will be developed. Results The study opened for recruitment in the Netherlands in November 2018 and in Canada and Sweden in December 2019. Data collection will be completed by April 2021. Conclusions This project will explore how e-DSIs can integrate the mobility patterns and mobility experiences of older adults with memory problems in three countries, improve older adults' autonomy, and, ultimately, inform SDM about housing options. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04267484; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267484 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19244


The mechanisms that determine how folding attempts are interrupted to target folding-incompetent proteins for endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation (ERAD) are poorly defined. Here the α-mannosidase I–like protein EDEM was shown to extract misfolded glycoproteins, but not glycoproteins undergoing productive folding, from the calnexin cycle. EDEM overexpression resulted in faster release of folding-incompetent proteins from the calnexin cycle and earlier onset of degradation, whereas EDEM down-regulation prolonged folding attempts and delayed ERAD. Up-regulation of EDEM during ER stress may promote cell recovery by clearing the calnexin cycle and by accelerating ERAD of terminally misfolded polypeptides.


Biobased materials are becoming of increasing interest as potential structural materials for the future. A useful concept in this context is the fibre reinforcement of materials by stiff and strong fibres. The bio-resources can contribute with cellulose fibres and (bio) polymers from hemicelluloses. This offers the potential for stiff and strong biocomposite materials, but these have some limitations and obstacles to full performance. The focus will be on the structure, strength and stiffness of cellulose fibres, on the (unavoidable) defects causing large reductions in strength and moderate reductions in stiffness, on the packing ability of cellulose fibres and the related maximum fibre volume fraction in composites, on the moisture sorption of cellulose fibres and the related mass increase and (large) hygral strains induced, and on the mechanical performance of composites.


"I read Wallace Steven's poem in the summer of 1976. The etchings themselves were not conceived as literal illustrations of the poem but as an interpretation of its themes in visual terms. Like the poem, they are about transformations within art as well as the relation between reality and the imagination, so these are pictures within pictures and different styles of representation juxtaposed and reflected and dissolved within the same frame. David Hockney, 1977." -- dust jacket.


INTRODUCTION - Research related to dismounts has been largely concentrated on the horizontal bar (Park et al., 1994; Kerwinet al., 1993; Takei et al,. 1992). Although similarities between horizontal bar and uneven bar dismounts may exist, differences should also be expected due to (among other things) differences in the physical characteristics and design of the apparatuses. The purpose of this study was to kinematically analyze dismounts from the uneven bars and, when appropriate, to compare the result with existing data from horizontal bar dismounts. METHODS - Eight dismounts (six double layout and two double piked somersaults),recorded during the 1994 World Gymnastics Championships with 2 Panasonic videocameras operating at 50 Hz, were analyzed utilizing the Ariel Performance Analysis System(APAS). Three dimensional position data of 8 (ankles, hips, shoulders and wrists)to 10 (the above, plus knees and/or elbows)body points were digitally smoothed before being submitted to further analysis. RESULTS - Results showed mean shoulder and hip joint release angles of 144 and148 degrees, respectively. All gymnasts released the bar with the center of mass below bar level (Mean = -12.43 degrees),which was similar to data reported by Kerwin et al. (1 993) for triple somersault dismounts and Park et al. (1 994) for triple and double layout somersault dismounts. Center of mass horizontal release velocities(Mean = 1.33 mlsec) were similar to those reported by Park et al., 1994, Kerwinet al., 1993, and Takei et al,. 1992 for male gymnasts. However, vertical release velocities(Mean = 3.53 mlsec) and consequently maximum height above the bar (Mean = 0.28m), were substantially smaller that those reportedby Takei et al. and Park et al. CONCLUSION - Results indicate that although the general pattern for uneven bar dismounts is similar to the one for horizontal bar dismounts differences exist warranting that specific instructions be given to athletes. REFERENCES Park, S.S., & Prassas, S. (1 994). A comparative analysis of the triple backward somersault and the double backward somersault on the high bar. In A. Barabas & Gy.Fabian (Eds.) Biomechanics in Sports XI1(pp. 252-254). Hungarian University of Physical Education.Kerwin, D., Yeadon, M., & Harwood, M.(1993). High bar release in triple somersault dismounts. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 9, 279-286.Takei, Y., Nohara, H. & Kamimura, M.(1 992). Techniques used by elite gymnastsin the 1992 Olympic compulsory dismount from the horizontal bar. International Journalof Sport Biomechanics, 8, 207-232.


This paper aims to explore how the navigational support in an e-newspaper should be designed to support the users task oriented reading behavior. An e-newspaper is a newspaper produced on e-paper, which combines the readability of paper, with the possibilities of digital media such as streaming updates, interactivity and multimedia. One advantage with the e-paper technology is its high contrast and readability; it uses no backlight and only consumes power when the pages are updated. This study is part of the European DigiNews project where three high fidelity e-newspaper prototypes has been produced in cooperation with readers and newspaper designers. These prototypes have been tested on 36 readers to examine how to design navigational support to aid task oriented reading. Six guidelines for have been generated from the results of the study which covers information structure, hyperlinks, feedback and visual cues.


Sex determination offers an opportunity to address many classic questions of developmental biology. In addition, because sex determination evolves rapidly, it offers an opportunity to investigate the evolution of genetic hierarchies. Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by the master regulatory gene, Sex lethal (Sxl). DmSxl controls the alternative splicing of a downstream gene, transformer (tra), which acts with tra2 to control alternative splicing of doublesex (dsx). DmSxl also controls its own splicing, creating an autoregulatory feedback loop that ensures expression of Sxl in females, but not males. A recent paper has shown that in the dipteran Ceratitis capitata later (downstream) steps in the regulatory hierarchy are conserved, while earlier (upstream) steps are not. Cctra is regulated by alternative splicing and apparently controls the alternative splicing of Ccdsx. However, Cctra is not regulated by CcSxl. Instead it appears to autoregulate in a manner similar to the autoregulation seen with DmSxl.


Recent progress in grammar induction has shown that grammar induction is possible without explicit assumptions of language specific knowledge. However, evaluation of induced grammars usually has ignored phrasal labels, an essential part of a grammar. Experiments in this work using a labeled evaluation metric, RH, show that linguistically motivated predictions about grammar sparsity and use of categories can only be revealed through labeled evaluation. Furthermore, depth-bounding as an implementation of human memory constraints in grammar inducers is still effective with labeled evaluation on multilingual transcribed child-directed utterances.


Introduction. Cognitive impairment after stroke has been associated with lower quality of life and independence in the long run, stressing the need for methods that target impairment for cognitive rehabilitation. The use of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on recovery of language functions is well documented, yet the effects of NIBS on other cognitive domains remain largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review that evaluates the effects of different stimulation techniques on domain-specific (long-term) cognitive recovery after stroke. Methods. Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were searched for articles (in English) on the effects of NIBS on cognitive domains, published up to January 2018. Results. A total of 40 articles were included: randomized controlled trials (n = 21), studies with a crossover design (n = 9), case studies (n = 6), and studies with a mixed design (n = 4). Most studies tested effects on neglect (n = 25). The majority of the studies revealed treatment effects on at least 1 time point poststroke, in at least 1 cognitive domain. Studies varied highly on the factors time poststroke, number of treatment sessions, and stimulation protocols. Outcome measures were generally limited to a few cognitive tests. Conclusion. Our review suggests that NIBS is able to alleviate neglect after stroke. However, the results are still inconclusive and preliminary for the effect of NIBS on other cognitive domains. A standardized core set of outcome measures of cognition, also at the level of daily life activities and participation, and international agreement on treatment protocols, could lead to better evaluation of the efficacy of NIBS and comparisons between studies.


PDkit is an open source software toolkit supporting the collaborative development of novel methods of digital assessment for Parkinson's Disease, using symptom measurements captured continuously by wearables (passive monitoring) or by high-use-frequency smartphone apps (active monitoring). The goal of the toolkit is to help address the current lack of algorithmic and model transparency in this area by facilitating open sharing of standardised methods that allow the comparison of results across multiple centres and hardware variations. PDkit adopts the information-processing pipeline abstraction incorporating stages for data ingestion, quality of information augmentation, feature extraction, biomarker estimation and finally, scoring using standard clinical scales. Additionally, a dataflow programming framework is provided to support high performance computations. The practical use of PDkit is demonstrated in the context of the CUSSP clinical trial in the UK. The toolkit is implemented in the python programming language, the de facto standard for modern data science applications, and is widely available under the MIT license.


Implementation of extreme ultra violet lithography (EUVL) for printing features of dimensions around 32nm and below has faced multiple challenges that have been overcome mostly through tool and process engineering. Currently, the main concern for implementation of EUVL in high volume manufacturing is related to stochastic defects, such as line bridges or breaks, which may occur randomly and have an impact on device performance.1 Photon shot noise, in addition to the inherent process variability and material non-homogeneities can lead to defects on the final patterned structures. As the pitch and critical dimension (CD) approach 32nm pitch and below, the dependency of stochastics defects increases exponentially.

This paper fits within imec's EUV stochastics and defectivity program, which investigates the key parameters for the generation and mitigation of defects from both a theoretical and practical approach. Initially, a reference process has been established and a methodology has been developed to capture and characterize bridge-type defects after pattern transfer into relevant layers for metrology and applications. Optical inspection and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) review are used to collect information on the number and types of defects present over large patterned areas (in the order of cm2). With a well-defined inspection technique, experiments related to fundamentals as well as materials and processes are continuously run. In the past years, imec has been leading the fundamental work on stochastic defects.2,3 De Bisschop et al. identified the "defect cliff", or the exponential dependency of defect density as a function of space CD for multiple parameters, such as resist formulation and exposure/imaging conditions. More recently, the focus has changed to the investigation of the "defect floor", which as the name suggests, is a flat response of defects to CD. The defect floor suggests that defectivity cannot be further improved, making one of the most relevant problems to solve for implementation of EUV in high volume manufacturing (HVM).
Our results show a decomposition of the potential contributors to explore the effect of processing conditions related to scanner, track and pattern transfer on final defect density for a chemically amplified resist and attempt a comparison to a metal-oxide resist. Goal is to understand the contributors to the defect floor and identify an effective route to avoid/minimize defect formation.

References

1. Da Silva A., et al., "Fundamentals of resist stochastics effect for single-expose EUV patterning", Proc. SPIE, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography X, Vol. 10957 (2019)
2. De Bisschop P., et al., "Impact of stochastic effects on EUV printability limits", Proc. SPIE 9048,
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography V, 904809 (2014)
3. De Bisschop, P., "Stochastic printing failures in extreme ultraviolet lithography", JM3-Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, AND MOEMS 17(4), (2018)


BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of combining vascular disrupting agents with antiangiogenic agents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Human clear cell renal carcinoma (Caki-1) tumors were established in nude mice. Treatments consisted of Avastin (2 mg/kg) administered twice a week; CA4P (100 mg/kg) or OXi4503 (25 mg/kg) administered 3 times a week for a period of 2 weeks; or a combination of Avastin and CA4P or OXi4503. Tumor response was assessed by growth delay.

RESULTS
The tumor growth delays were 8, 6, and 18 days for Avastin, CA4P, and OXi4503, respectively. When the two therapies were combined, there was a significantly greater tumor response than what was achieved with single-agent treatments. For example, Avastin plus CA4P led to a growth delay of 13 days, and 27 days for Avastin plus OXi4503.

CONCLUSION
Vascular-directed therapies that include both antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting therapeutics can result in significantly enhanced antitumor effects.


The P.R.O.S.E. (Psychological Research on Synthetic Environments) Project was established to investigate the psychology of 3D virtual worlds. Under the auspices of the project, a systematic program of in-world behavioral research is being conducted that addresses three core questions related to the psychology of 3D immersive environments: What are the characteristics of active participants in virtual worlds? Do the principles of psychology that operate in the real world also apply to the virtual world? Do experiences in the virtual world have the capacity to influence behavior and subjective experience in the real world? The current paper describes a series of studies that examine each of these questions and outlines future directions for the project. If projections for a highly populated, ubiquitously accessible (web-based), and seamlessly integrated (interoperable) network of virtual worlds are borne out, a new realm of psychological reality and interaction will have been created that will be increasingly important for behavioral scientists to investigate and understand.


OBJECTIVE
Patient information is a topical subject. The aim of this review is to present the rare studies concerning the degree of patient information on the cardiovascular and renal risks of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to suggest some recommendations on this subject.

METHODOLOGY
After analysis of the literature (Medline search - January 2006), a series of recommendations has been drawn up following discussion among experts from different specialties (clinical epidemiology, rheumatology, cardiology, nephrology, gastroenterology).

RECOMMENDATIONS
It appears necessary to warn all patients of the potential risk of hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency and/or hydrosodium retention (decompensation of an arterial hypertension or a cardiac insufficiency), especially subjects who present risk factors such as age over 75 years, a dehydration, a pre-existing renal disorder, etc. Concerning the risk of arterial thrombotic incident (coronary or cerebral), it is important to indicate that this risk is rare and seems to be observed particularly during prolonged treatments and at high dose.


Abstract This paper explores the synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guaraní on the basis of a quantitative study of a corpus of naturally occurring data of the modern language and an investigation of object marking in a 17th-century catechism. We show that both animacy and topicality, but not definiteness, affect whether a direct object is marked in modern Guaraní, a finding that has implications for cross-linguistic theories of differential object marking, not all of which recognize topicality as a factor. We also find no categorical constraints on differential object marking in Guaraní, contrary to Bossong (1985b). Our study of the 17th-century catechism provides further support for Bossong's (1985b, 2009) claim that Guaraní did not have differential object marking when it came into contact with Spanish. The paper concludes with a discussion of the hypothesis that differential object marking in Guaraní resulted from contact with Spanish.


In this paper, a combined spline finite strip and state space approach is introduced to obtain three-dimensional solutions of laminated composite plates with various boundary conditions. The spline finite strip method is used to present inplane displacement and stress components, while the through-thickness components are obtained by using the method of state equation. The new method provides results that show good agreement with available benchmark problems having different material compositions, thickness and boundary conditions. The new method provides a three-dimensional solution for laminated plates, while the advantages of using the traditional spline finite strip method are fully taken. This solution also yields a continuous transverse stress field across material interfaces that normally are not achievable by other numerical modelling of laminates, such as the traditional finite element method.


There are two main opposing views regarding the cost and the value of higher education in the United States. This article seeks to deepen the understanding of the United States' populace including community college leaders, administrators of four-year institutions and universities, the board of governors also called the board of directors and students regarding public assessments of the cost and value of higher education in the country. This literature review provides current information on how Americans view higher education value considering the cost. The recommendations and conclusion of this article provide some useful tips to our academic leaders, the board of directors, and politicians in addressing the negative perceptions of the cost and value of United States' higher education. The valuable information provided in this article can catalyze more top education strategies to make students fulfill their educational goals and contribute to the socio-economic vitality and growth of the United States and beyond.


Background & objectives: The lower recovery of competent oocytes in buffalo species limits the commercialization of in vitro embryo production technology in field condition. In this context, pre-maturation of small follicle (SF)-derived oocytes with meiotic inhibition may be a promising alternative to obtain more number of competent oocytes. Thus, the present study was conducted with an objective to enhance the developmental potential of less competent SF-derived buffalo oocytes. Methods: All the visible follicles (used for aspiration) from buffalo ovaries were divided into two categories: large follicle (LF) (follicles having diameter ≥6 mm) and SF (follicles of diameter <6 mm). The competence of LF and SF oocytes was observed in terms of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and relative gene expression of oocyte and blastocyst competence markers. Thereafter, less competent SF oocytes were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mM doses of roscovitine (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) to enhance their developmental potential. Results: Based on parameters studied, LF oocytes were found to be more competent than SF oocytes. Pre-maturation incubation of SF oocytes with roscovitine reversibly arrested oocyte maturation for 24 h to ensure the proper maturation of less competent oocytes. A significantly higher number of BCB-positive oocytes were noted in roscovitine-treated group than SF group. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were also higher in roscovitine-treated group. The relative messenger RNA expression of oocyte (GDF9, BMP15, GREM1, EGFR, PTGS2 and HAS2) as well as blastocyst (INF-τ, GLUT1 and POU5F1) competence markers was significantly greater in roscovitine-treated group relative to SF group. Again, on comparison with LF group, these parameters depicted a lower value in the treatment group. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this study has revealed that pre-maturation incubation of SF-derived oocytes with 25 μM roscovitine can improve its developmental competence and thus can be utilized to get maximum number of competent oocytes for better commercialization of in vitro embryo production technology in buffalo.


Background: Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are lesions containing complex vessels with a lack of buffering capillary architecture which might result in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Intraoperative navigation can improve resection rates and functional preservation in patients with lesions in eloquent areas, but current systems have limitations that can distract the operator. Augmented Reality (AR) surgical technology can reduce these distractions and provide real-time information regarding vascular morphology and location. Methods: In this case report, an adult patient was admitted to the emergency department after a fall, and diagnostic imaging revealed a Spetzler–Martin grade I AVM in the right parietal region with evidence of rupture. The patient underwent a stereotactic microsurgical resection with assistance from augmented reality technology, which allowed for a hologram of the angioarchitecture to be projected onto the cortical surface, aiding in the recognition of the angiographic anatomy during surgery. Results: The patient's postoperative recovery went smoothly. At 6-month follow-up, the patient had remained in stable condition, experiencing complete relief from his previous symptoms. The follow-up examination also revealed complete obliteration of the AVMs without any remaining pathological vascular structure. Conclusions: AR-assisted microsurgery makes both the dissection and resection steps safer and more delicate. As several innovations are occurring in AR technology today, it is likely that this novel technique will be increasingly adopted in both surgical applications and education. Although certain limitations exist, this technique may still become more efficient and precise as this novel technology its continues to develop further.


GST also known as the Goods and Services Tax is defined as the giant indirect tax structure designed to support and enhances the economic growth of a country. More than 150 countries have implemented Goods and Service Tax (GST) so far. However, the idea of Goods and Service Tax (GST) in India was mooted by Vajpayee government in 2000 and the constitutional amendment for the same was passed by the Loksabha on 6th May 2015 but is yet to be ratified by the Rajyasabha. However, there is a huge hue and cry against its implementation. It would be interesting to understand why this proposed Goods and Service Tax (GST) regime may hamper the growth and development of the country.This research has been done in the shori cloth market of Rohtak district in Haryana. Sample size is taken as 400 including 200 Retailers and 200 Wholesalers. Shori Cloth Market is taken as the universe of the study. As it is one of the largest wholesale and retail Market of garments in Asia. So the market area is quite large for the study and to achieve the required objectives. GST is the latest system of tax in India launched on 1July2017. It has a large scope of studying the effect of GST in the Indian economy. It needs to find out the real picture of Goods and Service Tax implication on Shori Cloth Market by researcher.


For this article all cases of suspected drug-induced discolouration of teeth and gingiva reported between 1.1.1989 and 31.5.1997 have been collected. As far as documented all discolourations were reversible and represented exclusively undesired but not serious adverse drug effects. In the literature such events are usually not mentioned. Thus, sense and intention of this work is to draw attention to certain adverse effects that are hitherto not well known.


Welcome to the Business Administration Research Guide. This guide is intended to assist those enrolled in BUS-10 and other BUSINESS classes with their research. Use the tabs to navigate through the various research resources available.


Nurses' leagues are egalitarian organisations attached to training hospitals that promote high standards in the nursing profession and offer social and educational support to their members. Most members are older nurses but younger nurses from the university system are also proud of their participation.


The gastrointestinal tract is the commonest extra-nodal site of involvement in B-cell lymphomas and poses particular diagnostic and management problems, including therapy induced bowel perforation and bleeding. Rituximab therapy has demonstrated a significant increase in the complete response rate and prolongs disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The extra efficacy of rituximab based therapies might increase the immediate complications peculiar to lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly perforation. This has not been studied previously. We have reviewed treatment related complications and outcome in 40 cases of primary gastric and intestinal B-cell lymphoma (36 Diffuse Large B-Cell lymphoma, 3 Burkitt Lymphoma, 1 post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder) of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus 1 case, stomach 21, small bowel 14, ileocaecal 3, large bowel 7;some patients had more than one site involved) over a 25 year period. Rituximab therapy was added to conventional therapy for patients treated in the last 5 years. There were 10 patients (median age 60; range 35–79; M: F=1.5:1) treated with regimens that included rituximab and 30 patients (median age 56; range 12–91; M: F=1.5:1) treated without rituximab. This included chemotherapy (12 patients), surgery alone (2 patients), both surgery and chemotherapy (14 patients) and radiotherapy (1 patient). One patient was not fit for any type of therapy. Complications occurred in 7 patients not treated with rituximab and in 1 patient who received this treatment. Complications included perforation (3 patients treated without rituximab; 1 patient in the rituximab group), bleeding (3 patients treated without rituximab; no episodes of bleeding in the rituximab group) and intestinal obstruction (3 patients in the group not treated with rituximab; no episodes of obstruction in the rituximab treated group). The difference in the complication rate between the two groups was not significant. Five patients in the group that did not receive rituximab died; two of neutropenic sepsis, two of gastric perforation and the other of operative complications. There were no treatment related deaths in the rituximab group. There was one patient in the rituximab treated group and three patients in the group that did not receive rituximab who had refractory disease. The median DFS was 21 and 14 months in patients treated with and without rituximab, respectively (p=0.6). The mean OS was 35 months in the rituximab treated group and 45 months in the group that did not receive rituximab (p = 0.9). There is presently no evidence that rituximab should be withheld early in the treatment of primary gastro-intestinal B-cell lymphomas because of concern about increasing the complication rate.


ABSTRACT A study into the design processes involved in Soft Landings is an important aspect to realising energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in buildings. Previous Soft Landings papers have focused mainly on post occupancy evaluations and aftercare. No comprehensive study has been attempted with respect to Soft Landings at the design stage. In response to this gap, this paper investigates the application of Soft Landings during the design stage of a central government building in London. It provides an insight into the working processes of a Soft Landings design team and its interaction with other team members and end users. Information from interviews with the design team, minutes of meetings, walk-through in the designed spaces were used to explore how design decisions were reached. It highlights the role the Soft Landings Champion played to ensure that the environmental sustainability objectives of the project were carried from design to construction. The paper also explains the fundamentals of Soft Landings and its potential as a client-driven management tool. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications of the result to designers, contractors and clients.


Human judgments, made by either individuals or groups, have been found to contain biases. One of the most prevalent biases identified is the availability bias, associated with the phenomenon that events which are more available to human memory are correspondingly judged as occurring more frequently or as being more important. This paper is concerned with how to reduce the availability bias in the group context. It reports an experiment in which two computer-based support facilities, electronic brainstorming and electronic mail, were tested for their contributions to reducing the availability bias. A 2 x 2 experimental design was used: electronic brainstorming (available or not) and communication mode (electronic or verbal). Forty teams of three members each were asked to work on a task involving the rating of the importance of a number of items associated with a secretary's task. Both electronic brainstorming and electronic communication helped reduce the availability bias. In both cases, the reduction in bias was due to increased attention paid to items that were found to have low availability in the absence of these support tools. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.


With age-related functional deterioration, sensory impairment including vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) usually occurred among the elderly population, causing a decrease in functional capacity and quality of life. The study aimed to explore how sensory impairment is associated with the risk of all-cause mortality among the elderly adults in China. We prospectively investigated the association among 37,076 participants enrolled from 1998 to 2019 in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We also, as a sensitivity analysis, explored the association among 11,365 newly incident sensory impairment participants. Cox regression model with sensory impairment as a time-varying exposure was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with participants without sensory impairment, those with VI (HR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.15-1.24), HI (HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.21-1.31), and DSI (HR: 1.46, 95% CI=1.41-1.52) had significant higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders. These associations were robust among subgroup analyses stratified by sex and entry age, and sensitivity analyses performed among newly incident sensory impairment participants. In conclusion, sensory impairment was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly adults in China.


Introduction End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have hyperplastic hyperparathyroid glands. We present a case where administration of calcimimetics unmasked underlying autonomous parathyroids. Case A 43 yo male with ESRD on hemodialysis for 15 years, s/p transplant, was admitted for evaluation of symptomatic hypercalcemia. Over the last 10 months, his biointact parathyroid hormone levels (biPTH) ranged between 500 and 600 (80-160 pg/mL). Five months prior to admission, he had been started on cinacalcet and paricalcitol. Since then, his calcium and phosphorus ranged between 9.9 and 11.9 and 5.3 and 7.7 mg/dL, respectively, with elevated biPTH. Labs on admission (post hemodialysis) were Ca 14.8 mg/dL, phos 5.8 mg/dL, alk phos 96 U/L, and albumin 3.1 mg/dL. With a possibility of drug-induced hypercalcemia the above-mentioned medications and calcium acetate were stopped. Other data obtained were intact PTH 451 (iPTH 8-74 pg/mL), PTHrP < 2.5 (< 1.4 pmol/L), 1, 25 vit D 84.6 (15.9-55.6 pg/mL), 25 vit D 7 (8.9-4.7 ng/mL), a normal serum immunoelectrophoresis, and a negative PPD. A chest CT and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. A bone scan revealed increased uptake in the skull. He was started on parenteral calcitonin and dialyzed regularly over the next several days. However, his calcium remained between 14 and16 mg/dL. His 1, 25 vit D level dropped to < 5. At parathyroidectomy, a 600 mg right lower lobe adenoma was removed. The remaining parathyroid glands appeared normal. The iPTH failed to normalize. A sestamibi scan revealed the presence of an accessory gland along the left sternocleidomastoid. A 1.58 g adenoma was resected from within the muscle. His iPTH immediately decreased to 29 pg/mL. Discussion Vitamin D analogues and cinacalcet have been approved for the management of hyperparathyroidism in ESRD. The persistence of an elevated PTH, in spite of calcimimetics, should raise suspicion of an autonomous change. A fifth parathyroid gland is present in 3-5% of the population. This should always be suspected when PTH fails to fall in spite of removal of an adenoma or in the presence of normal-sized glands.


Non-native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), threaten native salmonid populations in the western United States. Effective management of lake trout requires understanding movements within connected lake and river systems. This study determined the seasonal movements of subadult lake trout in the Flathead River upstream of Flathead Lake, Montana, USA using radio telemetry. The spatiotemporal distribution of lake trout in the river was related to water temperature. Lake trout were detected in the river primarily during autumn, winter and spring, when water temperatures were cool. By contrast, fewer were detected when temperatures were warmest during summer and during high spring flows. Downriver movements to Flathead Lake occurred throughout autumn and winter when water temperature decreased below 5 °C, and in late spring as water temperature rose towards 15 °C and river discharge declined following spring runoff. Upriver movements occurred primarily in October, which coincided with migrations of prey fishes. These results suggest that lake trout are capable of moving throughout connected river and lake systems (up to 230 km) and that warm water temperatures function as an impediment to occupancy of the river during summer. Controlling source populations and maintaining natural water temperatures may be effective management strategies for reducing the spread of non-native lake trout.


A novel method was presented for the effective dose (ED) measurement with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors in dual-energy (DE) dual-source (DS) computed tomography (CT) scanner. This study demonstrated that the mean energy of the combined spectrum in dual-source computed tomography can be used to measure the ED. For validation, the MOSFET dose at the centre cavity of a CT dose index (CTDI) body phantom was compared with the dose measured with an energy-independent ion chamber (IC). A clinical abdomen/pelvis scan was performed with an adult anthropomorphic phantom, and ED was compared between the MOSFET method and the dose length product (DLP) method. The tissue doses in the CTDI phantom were 2.08±(2.70 %) with IC and 2.20±(4.82 %) cGy with MOSFET; the per cent difference was 5.91 %, and the t-test showed that there was no statistically significant difference. EDs for the abdomen/pelvis scans were 5.01±(2.34 %) mSv with MOSFET and 5.56 mSv with the DLP method.


Although it is considered a staple food, rice intake is under serious debate for its physiological usefulness, especially for diabetic patients, because of starch content. However, rice protein, the second major component of rice, has gained attention recently for its newly-discovered functions, which were previously unknown. Rice protein, a plant protein, shows multiple beneficial functions on lipid metabolism and diabetes and its complications, nephropathy, fatty liver and osteoporosis. Rice proteins of endosperm and bran, an ingredient of white rice and an unused product of brown rice, respectively, are valuable components for human health.


Abstract Background Little is known about the impact of over-the-counter ketone supplementation, used by patients to promote weight loss, on ketosis and serum ketone values. Recent literature suggests that acute ingestion of exogenous ketones leads to increased blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and decreased blood glucose1. Clinical Case A 61-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented as a transfer to the neurocritical care ICU from an outside hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial saccular aneurysm. His admission hemoglobin A1c was 9.9% (ref 4.4-5.6), blood glucose was 205 mg/dL (ref 70-99), beta-hydroxybutyrate was markedly elevated at 26.2 mg/dL (ref 0-3), and urinalysis showed 80mg/dL ketones (ref 0). Serum toxicology screen was notable for detectable acetone 8mg/dL (ref: none detected). His lactate was 2 mmol/L (ref 0.5-1.9), Cr 0.99mg/dL (0.67-1.17), and HCO3 22 mmol/L (ref 22-27). Arterial blood gas showed pH of 7.37 (ref 7.38-7.47), and an anion gap metabolic acidosis (AGMA) of 15 mmol/L (ref <12). Given the patient's profound ketosis, hyperglycemia, and mild AGMA, the patient was started on an insulin drip for presumed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). After 4 hours, the patient's anion gap had decreased to 12mmcol/L. The following day, he was transitioned to basal/bolus insulin, and underwent embolization of his cerebral aneurysm. After further recovery, Endocrinology was consulted for insulin recommendations. The patient denied any prior history of DKA or use of any SGLT2-inhibitors, and denied decreased oral intake or vomiting prior to admission. He did report taking ketone supplements, "Keto Strong: Ketogenic Weight Management – Advanced Formulation," two tabs (700mg "proprietary keto blend") BID for 2-3 years with ingredients listed as: sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate, calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate, magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate, medium chain triglyceride oil, L-arginine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and 7-keto-dehydroepiandrosterone. Given a lack of acidosis, mild hyperglycemia, and mild lactic acidosis without risk factors for euglycemic DKA, it was suspected his profound ketosis out of proportion to clinical picture was secondary to ketone supplementation with a misdiagnosis of DKA. Conclusion This is one of the first cases to report profound ketosis in a hospitalized patient likely secondary to exogenous ketone supplementation. Ketosis secondary to nutritional supplementation should be considered once more common etiologies are ruled out. Additional research is needed to determine the role of exogenous ketone use on metabolism and glycemic control. References: Falkenhain, Kaja et al. "Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), nmac036. 5 Apr. 2022 Presentation: No date and time listed


This paper presents a fast numerical solver for a nonlinear constrained optimization problem, arising from a 3D frictional contact problem. It incorporates an active set strategy with a nonlinear conjugate gradient method. One novelty is to consider the tractions of each slip element in a polar coordinate system, and use azimuth angles as variables, instead of conventional traction variables. A corresponding preconditioner using diagonal scaling is incorporated. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique accelerates all matrix-vector products encountered, due to a Toeplitz structure. Numerical tests show that this method is robust and it significantly reduces the computational time, compared to existing solvers.


Background: About 2/3 of the Europeans reside in cities. Thus, we must expand our knowledge on how city characteristics affect health and well-being. Perceptions about cities' resources and functioning might be related with health, as they capture subjective experiences of the residents. We characterized the health status of 74 European cities, using all-cause mortality as indicator, and investigated the association of mortality with residents' dissatisfaction with key domains of urban living. Methods: We considered 74 European cities from 29 countries. Aggregated data on residents' dissatisfaction was obtained from the Flash Eurobarometer, Quality of life in European cities (2004–2015). For each city a global dissatisfaction score and a dissatisfaction score by domain (environment, social, economic, healthcare, and infrastructures/services) were calculated. Data on mortality and population was obtained from the Eurostat. Standardized Mortality Ratios, SMR, and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The association between dissatisfaction scores and SMR was estimated using Generalized Linear Models. Results: SMR varied markedly (range: 73.2–146.5), being highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in the South and Western European cities. Residents' dissatisfaction levels also varied greatly. We found a significant association between city SMR and residents' dissatisfaction with healthcare (β = 0.334; IC 95% 0.030–0.639) and social environment (β = 0.239; IC 95% 0.015–0.464). No significant association was found with the dissatisfaction scores related with the physical and economic environment and the infrastructures/services. Conclusions: We found a significant association between city levels of mortality and residents' dissatisfaction with certain urban features, suggesting subjective assessments can be also used to comprehend urban health.


Consumer behavior some several factors that controlling his body be considered important by a company because daily necessities an enterprise dependent to the consumer , especially in the behavior of consumers made the purchase. Music industry nowadays much different from the last decade . Along with the change of way hearer in enjoy the music, of format physical to digital, and this make a sale physical record decreased significant. In several big cities in indonesia, the music and music label and distribution store a moving back campaigning on culture released and bought physical record favored . It is marked with growing springing the labels, the limiting indie available to help musicians to a release and distribute physical record one of these is the indie label FFWD record. The purpose of this research to know how the consumers in the buying physical record products FFWD record in the greater bandung. In this research writer uses the method quantitative descriptive with the approach. Sampling techniques used techniques of sampling nonprobability namely accidental of sampling by the number of as many as 85 were selected and data analysis technique that is used is descriptive of statistical analysis The result of this research showed that consumer behavior in the buying physical record are strong, it means behavior consumers have leverage in the buying physical record products ffwd record in the greater bandung


Is there a relation between entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship and local sustainability? The studied region (Vale do Sousa North of Portugal) presents very low levels of entrepreneurship but the results for local sustainability are very interesting. Results are based on a questionnaire presented to 251 firms. Most firms (59%) present a low level of entrepreneurship, the same percentage present a good level of sustainability and 37% a very good level. This means that firms might be more concerned with local sustainability than firm sustainability. On entrepreneurships analyses proactively got an average result of 3,49, innovation 1,27 and risk propensity 1,06, (1 to 5 linker scale). These results lead to an inexistent relation between entrepreneurship and local sustainability.


One of the problem according to perspective of civility humanity is May, 1998 tragedy that denotes the beginning of reformation in Indonesia. Many reformation reformula tions that all of aspect that start to conduct. Actually, one of reformation goal is reforming sustainable development. According to the author of this article, the policy of reformation of development including to overcome the crisis of economics that becoming a short run policy and the realization of rteformation it self that constitutes a long run policy. Actually Indonesian needs a national leader (a president or a vice president) who has acceptability, capability and competency.


The compatibility of an airport with its environs is an ideal that can be achieved by proper planning of the airport, control of pollution-generating sources, and land use planning of the area surrounding the airport. Airport Planning must be recognized as an integral part of an area-wide comprehensive planning programme, EAC, (No.139-16). The location, size and configuration of the airport need to be coordinated with patterns of residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural and other land uses of the area, taking into account the effects of the airport on people and, flora, fauna, the atmosphere, water resources, air quality, soil pollution and other facets of the environment. Within the comprehensive planning framework, airport development and operations should be coordinated with planning, policies and programmes for area where the airport is located. In this way, the social and economic and economic impact, along with the environmental effects of the airport, can be evaluated to ensure the greatest extent possible that the airport environs are compatible with the airport, and conversely that the physical development and use of the airport is compatible with the existing and proposed patterns of land use.  An effective management of Airport environment is a must pre-requisite for attaining safety in Airport Environment and in all aviation activities.


Autonomous navigation of ground vehicles on natural environments requires looking for traversable terrain continuously. This paper develops traversability classifiers for the three-dimensional (3D) point clouds acquired by the mobile robot Andabata on non-slippery solid ground. To this end, different supervised learning techniques from the Python library Scikit-learn are employed. Training and validation are performed with synthetic 3D laser scans that were labelled point by point automatically with the robotic simulator Gazebo. Good prediction results are obtained for most of the developed classifiers, which have also been tested successfully on real 3D laser scans acquired by Andabata in motion.


Digital controllers are often used in interleaved multiphase DC-DC converters for voltage regulator modules. A dynamic, discrete-time model is required for frequency-domain characterisation and subsequent controller design. An exact, small-signal model for a general multiphase converter is presented that is suitable for direct digital design. The proposed model is verified for a dual-phase buck converter, using hardware measurements and numerical simulation. The open loop control-to-output and the closed-loop transfer functions predicted by the proposed method match those extracted from an average-value model and network analyser, respectively.


Background: The most often diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide is cancer of the cervix. It is also the most prevalent kind of gynecological cancer in women. This cancer originates in the opening of the cervix and spreads through sexual contact. Even though human papillomavirus (HPV) may not cause cancer immediately, it does develop over time as a result of the virus's lengthy persistence to cause dysplastic changes overtime, particularly in high-risk kinds. The primary objective of this research is to see if miRNAs are dysregulated as a result of treatment resistance in cervical cancer (CC). The aim is to see if these microRNAs may be utilized as biomarkers for detecting chemoresistance in CC, particularly for clinical applications. Methods: The recommended protocol for comprehensive study and meta-analysis (PRISMA-P) standards will be utilized for the analysis and data interpretation. The bibliographic databases will be methodically searched using a combination of search keywords. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, the acquired findings will be reviewed, and data retrieved from the selected scientific papers for systematic review. We will then construct a forest from the pooled Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% C.I. values, data obtained using the random-effects model. Discussion: The focus of this study is to identify the function of miRNAs as a chemoresistance regulator and determine if they have the potential scope to be considered as biomarkers for cervical cancer. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, the goal is to collect, compare, and analyze the data pertaining to the role of miRNAs in cervical cancer, thereby, enabling us to understand the role they play in chemosensitivity.


For the nonstandard job-shop scheduling problem (NJSSP) in which some operations are processed on several identical machines, we built the objective function of machine load balancing of a nonstandard scheduling algorithm. Through complexity analysis of operation processes, the algorithm has lower complexity. Experiments indicated that the scheduling result of the algorithm compares with other methods.


Background In this study, we aim to develop a set of quality indicators for optimal perioperative diabetes care throughout the hospital care pathway and to gain insight into the feasibility of the indicator set in daily clinical practice by assessing the clinimetric properties of the indicators in a practice test. Methods A literature-based modified Delphi method was used to develop a set of quality indicators. To assess clinimetric properties of each indicator (measurability, applicability, reliability, improvement potential and case-mix stability), a practice test was performed in six Dutch hospitals using a sample of 389 major surgery patients with diabetes who underwent abdominal, cardiac or large joint orthopaedic surgery. Results We developed a set of 36 quality indicators for perioperative diabetes care. The practice test showed that one indicator was inapplicable, and nine indicators were unmeasurable. Interobserver reliability was good (0.61≤k≤0.8) for all indicators except for one with moderate (0.41≤k≤0.6) interobserver reliability. Improvement potential was low (<10%) for five indicators. Twenty-one indicators, including three outcome indicators, nine process indicators and nine structure indicators, could be used to assess the quality of care delivered in our six study hospitals. Conclusion We developed a face and content valid set of quality indicators for optimal perioperative diabetes care throughout the hospital care pathway, using a rigorous and systematic approach. The results from our practice test show that it is essential to subject indicators to a practice test before applying them for quality improvement purposes. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01610674.


It is shown that the presence of bound NN states leads to a long-range imaginary component of the NN potential. This potential is also very energy dependent, becoming weaker at lower energies.


This paper aims to introduce the main aspects arising in the organisational context related to leadership roles when information security awareness is being engineered and developed according to purposes set within. Achieving these development purposes is  connected to the commanding function of leadership, while being influenced by key human risk factors such as: leadership  commitment and example setting, leadership quality, the state of being motivated and above all, the ability of responsible decision- making on a professional basis. In order to improve the effectiveness of putting the implementation into practice, a methodological  toolset needs to be elaborated for the disposal of the leader, thanks to which, besides taking on a transactional leadership style and a  cyclic program management, the continuous monitoring and tailoring to the organisation of the development purposes all become  facilitated.


Iran is required to reduce import tariffs in order to be accepted as a member of the World Trade Organization. This study aims at investigating economic and environmental impacts of tariffs removal especially on agricultural sector applying a computable general equilibrium framework based on the Iranian social accounting matrix and decomposing total emission of the selected pollutants into energy use, production process and final non-energy use emission. The results showed that removing agriculture and agricultural industries tariffs, makes agricultural output and relative prices to fall. Cutting non-agricultural tariffs results in higher output and lower relative prices in agricultural sectors, however, the changes in output exceeds the corresponding relative price changes. Cutting all tariffs also raises the welfare. In particular, the higher income households will be better off much more than others. Pollutants emission also tends to decrease as removing the tariffs. Agricultural output composition will change in favor of horticultural products if tariffs are removed.

 Key words: Import tariff, agriculture, welfare, pollution, Iran.


Self-Repairing Codes (SRC) are codes designed to suit the need of coding for distributed networked storage: they not only allow stored data to be recovered even in the presence of node failures, they also provide a repair mechanism where as little as two live nodes can be contacted to regenerate the data of a failed node. In this paper, we propose a new instance of self-repairing codes, based on constructions of spreads coming from projective geometry. We study some of their properties to demonstrate the suitability of these codes for distributed networked storage.


In this paper, the Rapid Transfer System (RTS), an attachment to the Leica EMPACT2 high‐pressure freezer, is described as a new tool for special applications within the cryofixation field. The RTS is an automated system that allows for fast processing of samples (<5 s) that make it possible for the first time to use high‐pressure freezing in combination with high time resolution correlative light and electron microscopy. In addition, with a working cycle of 30 s this rapid turn over time allows one to acquire more samples of biopsy material before it deteriorates than with other HPF machines with longer cycle times. With the use of the RTS it was possible to obtain three samples each of four different tissues in 6 min. Together with the finding that 90% of samples of cells grown on sapphire discs were well frozen, the RTS was both fast and reliable. Most important, together with other newly developed accessories, the RTS made it possible to capture specific events occurring live in the cell as observed by light microscopy, to cryofix that sample/event within 4 s, and then to analyze that event at high resolution in the electron microscope with excellent preservation of ultra‐structure. These developments should give us the tools to unravel intracellular processes that can be observed by live cell imaging but are too rare or fast to be picked up by routine EM methods or where the history of a structure is necessary to be able to discern its nature.


In real-world data labeling, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming to train an accurate classifier by collecting the fewest total annotations. Here we propose ActiveLab, a practical method to decide what to label next that works with any classifier model and can be used in pool-based batch active learning with one or multiple annotators. ActiveLab automatically estimates when it is more informative to re-label examples vs. labeling entirely new ones. This is a key aspect of producing high quality labels and trained models within a limited annotation budget. In experiments on image and tabular data, ActiveLab reliably trains more accurate classifiers with far fewer annotations than a wide variety of popular active learning methods.


Abstract. In this study, the fine-scale responses of a stratified oligotrophic karstic lake (Kozjak Lake,
Plitvice Lakes, Croatia; the lake fetch is 2.3  km , and the maximum depth is 46  m ) to
atmospheric forcing on the lake surface are investigated. Lake temperatures measured at
a resolution of 2  min at 15 depths ranging from 0.2 to 43  m , which were observed
during the 6 July–5 November 2018 period, were analyzed. The results show thermocline deepening
from 10  m at the beginning of the observation period to 16  m at the end of the observation period, where
the latter depth corresponds to approximately one-third of the lake depth. The pycnocline followed the
same pattern, except that the deepening occurred throughout the entire period approximately
1  m above the thermocline. On average, thermocline deepening was 3–4  cm d−1 ,
while the maximum deepening (12.5  cm d−1 ) coincided with the occurrence of internal
seiches. Furthermore, the results indicate three different types of forcings on the lake surface; two of these forcings have diurnal periodicity – (1) continuous heat fluxes and (2) occasional
periodic stronger winds – whereas forcing (3) corresponds to occasional nonperiodic stronger winds with steady along-basin directions. Continuous heat fluxes (1) produced forced diurnal
oscillations in the lake temperature within the first 5  m of the lake throughout the
entire observation period. Noncontinuous periodic stronger winds (2) resulted in occasional
forced diurnal oscillations in the lake temperatures at depths from approximately 7 to
20  m . Occasional strong and steady along-basin winds (3) triggered both baroclinic
internal seiches with a principal period of 8.0  h and barotropic surface seiches with
a principal period of 9  min . Lake currents produced by the surface seiches under
realistic-topography conditions generated baroclinic oscillations of the thermocline region (at
depths from 9 to 17  m ) with periods corresponding to the period of surface seiches
( ≈ 9  min ), which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in previous
lake studies.


Abstract Insect populations are changing rapidly, and monitoring these changes is essential for understanding the causes and consequences of such shifts. However, large‐scale insect identification projects are time‐consuming and expensive when done solely by human identifiers. Machine learning offers a possible solution to help collect insect data quickly and efficiently. Here, we outline a methodology for training classification models to identify pitfall trap‐collected insects from image data and then apply the method to identify ground beetles (Carabidae). All beetles were collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), a continental scale ecological monitoring project with sites across the United States. We describe the procedures for image collection, image data extraction, data preparation, and model training, and compare the performance of five machine learning algorithms and two classification methods (hierarchical vs. single‐level) identifying ground beetles from the species to subfamily level. All models were trained using pre‐extracted feature vectors, not raw image data. Our methodology allows for data to be extracted from multiple individuals within the same image thus enhancing time efficiency, utilizes relatively simple models that allow for direct assessment of model performance, and can be performed on relatively small datasets. The best performing algorithm, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), reached an accuracy of 84.6% at the species level when naively identifying species, which was further increased to >95% when classifications were limited by known local species pools. Model performance was negatively correlated with taxonomic specificity, with the LDA model reaching an accuracy of ~99% at the subfamily level. When classifying carabid species not included in the training dataset at higher taxonomic levels species, the models performed significantly better than if classifications were made randomly. We also observed greater performance when classifications were made using the hierarchical classification method compared to the single‐level classification method at higher taxonomic levels. The general methodology outlined here serves as a proof‐of‐concept for classifying pitfall trap‐collected organisms using machine learning algorithms, and the image data extraction methodology may be used for nonmachine learning uses. We propose that integration of machine learning in large‐scale identification pipelines will increase efficiency and lead to a greater flow of insect macroecological data, with the potential to be expanded for use with other noninsect taxa.


Humanities is one of the pillars of science taught at the Faculty of Medicine. The humanities approach to medicine is believed to be able to provide increased professionalism for doctors in providing services to patients. Several teaching methods have been developed to incorporate medical humanities into the curriculum, including through the approaches of spirituality-religiosity, arts and literature, and narrative medicine. The integration of humanities in medical education can be done by showing professional attitude, communication skills, introspective and practice of self-reflection. In clinical rotation of forensic medicine, medical humanities have been applied to students. One way to implement medical humanities is through several concept approaches, namely religion, bioethics, health law, sociology of medicine and professional behavior.


Choreographies describe possible sequences of interactions among a set of agents. We aim to join two lines of research on choreographies: the use of the shuffle on trajectories operator to design more expressive choreographic languages, and the use of models featuring partial orders, to compactly represent concurrency between agents. Specifically, in this paper, we explore the application of the shuffle on trajectories operator to individual posets, and we give a characterisation of shuffles of posets which again yield an individual poset.


Malaria has long been considered as disease associated with innate and adaptive immune response. The innate immune response, in particular, has widely been studied and implicated to the lethality in malaria. A sequence of immune events contributes to the cerebral manifestation commonly known as cerebral malaria (CM). CM is morbid and mostly irreversible condition which is accompanied by a haywire immune response that destroys the cerebro-protective mechanism of the host. Variety of immune components such as lymphocytes, mono/mac cells, cytokines, chemokines and their receptors have been attributed to this phenomenon. In this review we have attempted to highlight the role of chemokines and their receptors. Using evidences from ECM, we advocate that chemokine receptor such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 and CXCR3 contribute towards the pathogenesis. Also the set of chemokines binding to these receptors were over-expressed in CM. Overexpression results in the T Cell and monocyte activation and consequently migration across the blood brain barrier to cause the damage.


Unidirectional telemetry systems for long range wireless data transmission are becoming more and more important for localization and sensor applications. A small size of the transmitter nodes, required for mobility, can only be reached by the use of tiny batteries. This paper explains, how an energy storage device like a capacitor can help to handle the current limitation of such batteries, e.g. coin cell batteries. Different circuits for the charge of the capacitor and for the power supply of sensor nodes are discussed. The efficiencies of the supply concepts are calculated and compared. The realizable number of transmissions for the different power concepts and a given type of battery is estimated. As a consequence of our calculations the optimal power concept could be implemented into our 1 cm3 cubic transmitter demonstrator, which is introduced in this paper.


Key Points Question Can a deep neural network decrease likelihood of unnecessary donor kidney discard by precisely quantifying percent global glomerulosclerosis on whole-slide images of hematoxylin-eosin–stained biopsy specimens? Findings In this prognostic study of 83 donor kidneys, a deep neural network segmented normal and globally sclerotic glomeruli in whole-slide images to quantify percent global glomerulosclerosis with higher performance than pathologists. Model accuracy further increased by pooling multiple sections, resulting in decreased likelihood of erroneous organ discard by 37%. Meaning This study's findings suggest that deep learning methods may help prevent erroneous organ discard by performing beyond the capacity of pathologists in biopsy specimen examination.