A new dynamic RAM (DRAM) signal sensing principle, a divided/shared bit-line (DSB) sensing scheme, is proposed. This sensing scheme provides folded bit-line sensing operation in a crosspoint-type memory cell array. The DSB scheme offers a high-density DRAM memory core with the common-mode array noise eliminated. A bit-line architecture based on this new sensing principle and its operation are demonstrated. A divided/pausing bit-line sensing (DIPS) scheme, which is an application of this DSB principle to the conventional folded bit-line type of memory cell arrangement, is also proposed. The DIPS architecture achieves complete pausing states for alternate bit lines throughout the active period. These alternate pausing bit lines shield the inter-bit-line coupling noise between active bit lines. Here the inter-bit-line coupling noise is eliminated by a slight architectural change to the conventional folded bit-line memory cell array. These new memory core design alternatives provide high-density DRAM memory cores suitable for the 64-Mb level and beyond. with the memory array noise reduced significantly. >


Systematic review briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews evaluated in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings from the systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions addressing physical activity in adults living with and beyond cancer.


The frozen tissue was sliced and then homogenized at 20 degree C in LiCl, 2 M; lauryl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (K & K No. 4484), 5%; pronase, B grade (calbiochem), 1 mg/ml and Tris-HCl 10 mM pH 7.5. The homogenate was left to stand 15 min at 20 degree C with occasional shaking. After centrifugation at 35 000 X g for 30 min at 0 degree C, the supernatant containing the crude DNA was purified by filtration on Ultrogel A 2 (LKB, Sweden). The Ultrogel A 2 column (2.5 X 45 cm) was equilibrated with a solution containing NaCl 2 M, EDTA 2.5 mM, Tris-HCl 10 mM pH 7.5. The flow rate was 3 ml cm-2 h-1. Five ml of the supernatant were placed on the column. The first peak contained highly polymerized (as demonstrated by ultracentrifugation) pure DNA (A260/A230 = 3.19; A260/A280 = 1.82). The yield was 2.26 mg of DNA/g of fresh liver.


The mammalian brain could contain dense and sparse network connectivity structures, including both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but is without any clearly defined output layer. The neurons have time constants, which mean that the integrated network structure has state memory. The network structure contains complex mutual interactions between the neurons under different conditions, which depend on the internal state of the network. The internal state can be defined as the distribution of activity across all individual neurons across the network. Therefore, the state of a neuron/network becomes a defining factor for how information is represented within the network. Towards this study, we constructed a fully connected (with dense/sparse coding strategies) recurrent network comprising of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, driven by pseudo-random inputs of varying frequencies. In this study we assessed the impact of varying specific intrinsic parameters of the neurons that enriched network state dynamics, such as initial neuron activity, amount of inhibition in combination with thresholded neurons and conduction delays. The impact was assessed by quantifying the changes in mutual interactions between the neurons within the network for each given input. We found such effects were more profound in sparsely connected networks than in densely connected networks. However, also densely connected networks could make use of such dynamic changes in the mutual interactions between neurons, as a given input could induce multiple different network states.


Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that CF (Cystic Fibrosis) prognosis is dependent of three major parameters: FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Pressure in one second), BMI (Body Mass Index) and need of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The CF centres of Frankfurt, Germany, and Moscow, Russia, care for cystic fibrosis patients. We decided to investigate and compare both centers from 1990 to 2015.
No comparable study has been published so far.
Method: German patient data was collected from the national cystic fibrosis database "Muko.web". Missing values were extracted from the Hospital Information System. Russian patient data were taken directly from the medical records in Moscow. In a descriptive statistical analysis with Bias and R Studio the
values were compared.
Result: A total of 428 patients from Moscow (217 male, 211 female; 348 (81,3%) were P. aeruginosa positive) and 159 patients from Frankfurt (92 male, 67 female; 137 (86,2%) with P. aeruginosa positive) were compared with regard to P. aeruginosa positivity, BMI, FEV1 and need of intravenous antibiotic therapy. CF patients in Moscow stratified by age groups had lower BMI than CF patients in Frankfurt (age 16-18: p=0,003; age 19-22: p=0,004; age 23-29: p<0,001; age 30-35: p<0,001; age 36-66: p=0,024). In a matching pairs analysis including 100 patients from Frankfurt and 100 patients from Moscow for the year 2015 FEV1
was significantly lower in Moscow patients (p<0,001).
Conclusion: BMI, FEV1 and need of intravenous therapy have significant impact on survival and on quality of life of CF patients. A lower BMI and a lower FEV1 result in a worse survival and determine the prognosis. This study showed a significant difference in prognostic parameters between Frankfurt and Moscow in the crosssectional analysis for the year 2015. A further study should evaluate this difference
to show whether this difference will be found over a longer period of time.


When compared to values obtained in 24 age-matched normal weight normolipidemic control subjects, plasma fibronectin level was not significantly changed in the 28 patients with peripheral arterial disease, although endothelial cell-derived factor VIII related antigen was found to be obviously increased. On the other hand the 15 patients with obliterative atherosclerosis of the lower limbs who were hyperlipidemic (mainly hypertriglyceridemic) displayed a plasma fibronectin level (46.3 +/- 2.8 mg/dl) which was higher than the mean values recorded in both control subjects (36.2 +/- 1.66 mg/dl) and in normolipidemic patients with peripheral arterial disease (34.5 +/- 4.14 mg/dl). The results suggest that an increased level of plasma fibronectin should be connected rather to a peculiar pattern of hepatic protein synthesis occurring in overweight and hypertriglyceridemic subjects than to a release of this glycoprotein from an ongoing arterial lesion.


During the past three decades, fuzzy logic feedback control systems have been utilized for the suppression of structural vibration in numerous studies. With the main advantages of the fuzzy controller, the inherent robustness and ability to handle nonlinearity, uncertainty and imprecision of the structure, active structural control of offshore platforms is accomplished. The robustness of the controller has been demonstrated through the uncertainty in damping ratios of the platforms. The study suggests that the proposed fuzzy control algorithm of structural vibration for offshore platforms is effective and feasible,thus improving both serviceability and survival. This present method undoubtedly provides an efficient way of the active control for offshore platforms.


Since Endo Shusaku referred to Japan as a "swamp" in his novel, Silence, writers have taken a second look at the indigenousness of Christianity in Japan. Carlo Caldarola surveys the rise of the Non-Church Movement (Mukyokai), concentrating on Uchimura Kanzo, who converted to institutional Christianity, broke with it, and gathered groups of independent Christians for Bible study. Relying on the works of Uchimura, his main disciples, and his own field research, the author skillfully describes the movement's nature and mission, spiritual life, structure, and relation to society. He also describes the Makuya Movement, a successful offshoot with Pentecostal and popular characteristics. While presenting a full account of the Non-Church Movement to English readers, the author's principal contribution is his critical attempt to trace the movement's dependence on Japanese culture and its relation to Zen Buddhism. With this in mind one appreciates the title, Christianity: The Japanese Way. That the Non-Church Movement is a Japanese way cannot be disputed, but some would argue the case of a few Protestant and Catholic groups who, while not shorn of all denominationalism, are moving toward making their faith indigenous. This book is the most comprehensive treatment of the Non-Church Movement in English and is indispensable reading for an understanding of Japan.


We have constructed osteogenic scaffolds using solid freeform fabrication techniques. Blends of biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), have been examined as scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite granules were incorporated into the blends and porous discs were prepared. Mechanical properties and degradation rates of the composites were determined. The discs were seeded with rabbit bone marrow or cultured bone marrow stromal cells and in vitro studies were conducted. Electron microscopy and histological analysis revealed an osteogenic composite that supports bone cell growth not only on the surface but throughout the 1 mm thick scaffold as well. Seeded and unseeded discs were mechanically assembled in layers and implanted in a rabbit rectus abdominis muscle. Bone growth was evident after eight weeks in vivo . Electron microscopy and histological analyses indicate vascularization and primitive bone formation throughout the seeded composite, and also a "fusion" of the layers to form a single, solid construct. Finally, we have begun to incorporate the growth factor IGF-I into the scaffold to enhance osteogenicity and/or as an alternative to cell seeding.


Background Limited research attention has been paid to the potentially harmful windmill softball pitch. No information is available regarding lower extremity kinetics in softball pitching. Hypothesis The stresses on the throwing arm of youth windmill pitchers are clinically significant and similar to those found for college softball pitchers. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional, high-speed (240-Hz) video and stride foot force plate (1200 Hz) data were collected on fastballs from 53 youth softball pitchers. Kinematic parameters related to pitching mechanics and resultant kinetics on the throwing-arm elbow and shoulder joints were calculated. Kinetic parameters were compared to those reported for baseball pitchers. Results Elbow and shoulder joint loads were similar to those found for baseball pitchers and college softball pitchers. Shoulder distraction stress averaged 94% body weight for the youth pitchers. Stride foot ground reaction force patterns were not similar to those reported for baseball pitchers. Vertical and braking force components under the stride foot were in excess of body weight. Conclusions Excessive distraction stress and joint torques at the throwing-arm elbow and shoulder are similar to those found in baseball pitchers, which suggests that windmill softball pitchers are at risk for overuse injuries. Normative information regarding upper and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics for 12- to 19-year-old softball pitchers has been established.


The human brain has developed the capability for routine sensory-motor monitoring and controls, present in all living beings, and additional skills for symbolic and verbal expressions of all sensory-motor activities and emotional experiences. Each brain could monitor and become aware of its own thoughts and emotions, all of which constitute the "mind". Each person mentally creates verbal and symbolic expressions related to all sensory-motor activities and emotional experiences, and what one proposes to carry out.  Each human being mentally creates an immensely enriched virtual mental world, and they succeed in physically realizing most of them.   Different parts of the human brain contribute to different types of processing of incoming signals and retrieved signals already stored in the brain and the newly created and modified ideas are stored and used by the individual. The ideas and signals stored create emotional arousal, which the individual may experience and may make use of while dealing with the world and the individuals and other items of the which the individual may encounter in life. The ideas created within the brain may be played repeatedly and when the individual listens to his/her own ideas, the person becomes aware of the ideas. Normally awareness develops during the creation of new ideas, and during their retrieval. Oneself becoming aware or conscious of own ideas and the ideas expressed by others could develop an extensive knowledge base and may help in all planning and action executions, with others and materials of the world that one may encounter face to face or during their retrieval periods. The knowledge base has helped man to enhance the same, as well as, create new entities, which has been a routine human contribution during each person's life. The emotions aroused during such interactions with the persons who may present ideas or own retrieved ideas are experienced by the self, who may express the emotionally loaded words or actions to others. The mind decides the world one lives in and mentally shares the realities one faces during one's life period.  Living is the process when one could share the same realities and the world, and could have experiences of the same and express own emotional reactions towards those realities.


OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine changes in the medical management of glycemia in diabetes and its relation to changes in hyperglycemia as measured by glycated hemoglobin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 765 patients with younger-onset diabetes diagnosed before 30 years of age and 533 older-onset diabetic patients participated in a population-based study in southern Wisconsin, at baseline (1980–1982), at 4 years (1984–1986), and at 10 years (1990–1992). Glycated hemoglobin, the presence of complications, and information regarding medical management of glycemia, hypoglycemic reactions, and socioeconomic factors were determined using standardized protocols at the three examinations. RESULTS In the younger-onset group, there was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the use of three or more insulin injections per day or in the use of an insulin infusion pump from 3.6% of the cohort at baseline to 24.4% at the 10-year follow-up. This increase was associated with female sex, the presence of gross proteinuria, more education, and better glycemic control at baseline. In the older-onset group, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the proportion of patients taking insulin, from 49.2% at baseline to 61.9% at the 10-year follow-up. This was associated with being younger, having a longer duration of diabetes, having higher glycated hemoglobin values, and having more education at baseline, or developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy or macular edema between baseline and the 4-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a change in the pattern of use of insulin to treat people with diabetes. However, there is still a large number of individuals with poorly controlled diabetes in the population.


Earth's climate can be understood as a dynamical system that changes due to external forcing and internal couplings. It can be characterized from the evolution of essential climate variables, such as surface air temperature. Yet, the mechanisms, amplitudes, and spatiotemporal patterns of global and local temperature fluctuations around its mean, called temperature variability, are insufficiently understood. Discrepancies exist between temperature variability from model and paleoclimate data at the temporal scale of years to centuries and at the local scale, both of which are important socio-economic scales for long-term planning.
Here, we clarify whether global and local temperature signals from the last millennia show a stationary variance on these timescales and thus behave in a stable manner or not. Therefore, we contrast power spectral densities and their scaling behaviors using simulated, observed, and reconstructed temperatures on periods between 10 and 200 years. Despite careful consideration of possible spectral biases, we find that local temperatures from paleoclimate data tend to show unstable behavior, while simulated temperatures almost exclusively show stable behavior. Conversely, the global mean temperature tends to be stable. We explain this by introducing the gain as a powerful tool to analyze the forced temperature response, based on a novel estimate of the joint power spectrum of radiative forcing.
Our analysis identifies main deficiencies in the properties of temperature variability and offers new insights into the linkage between raditative forcing and temperature response, relevant to the understanding of Earth’s dynamics and the assessment of climate risks.


Foundation for Research on Women's Health, Productivity and the Environment (BAFROW) is a local women's Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in The Gambia that is considered an example of best practice for its holistic and community-based approach to the promotion of healthy behavior, women's activities and the fight against HIV/AIDS. A knowledge and learning team from the Africa region's quality and knowledge department visited the NGO in January 2003 and the BAFROW team shared the lessons learned, the challenges encountered and the successes they have encountered thus far. The debriefings (video-taped open-ended interviews) on which this article is based, included many prominent members and leaders of local NGOs and HIV/AIDS projects.


Bereavement support for families is an integrated and essential component of palliative care (Hudson, Hall, Boughey et al., 2017), although a growing evidence base for the provision of services exists (National Bereavement Alliance, 2017), the need to broaden our understanding to reflect broader family and sociological perspectives has been identified (Stroebe & Schut, 2015). Despite the growing incidence of dementia (Alzheimer's Society, 2017), little is known about the bereavement experience of people with dementia (PWD), (Watanabe & Suwa, 2017). Pilot studies guide the development of research plans to ensure that the methods and ideas which are being proposed will work in practice (Kim, 2010). This pilot study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of a proposed Doctorate study designed to answer the research question: 'What is the family experience of bereavement when a family member has dementia and what might this mean for the provision of support?' using constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2014). The pilot explored the family bereavement experience from the perspective of one family member and focused on the use of unstructured interviews and research diaries as tools for quality data collection, and a process of data analysis involving process coding and memo writing (Saldaña, 2016). Tentative theoretical understanding of the data emerged including: Experiencing a spiritual dimension Being a bereaved carer Family functioning Relationship between bereavement and dementia. These early findings will be integrated into the main study through the constant comparison process consistent with grounded theory methodology (Charmaz, 2014; Urquhart, 2013). Carrying out and reflecting on the pilot highlighted several issues including the researchers' role within the interview and data analysis process, the design and use of a diary for data collection and the ethical dilemma of involving or excluding people with dementia within the study. Learning from this pilot will help shape future study plans.


Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and has been known since biblical times. It is still endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in Brazil. The prevalence rate in 2011 reached 1.54 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in Brazil. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multibacillary patients. Transmission occurs through inhalation of bacilli present in upper airway secretion. The nasal mucosa is the main entry or exit route of M. leprae. The deeper understanding of the structural and biological characteristics of M. leprae, the sequencing of its genome, along with the advances in understanding the mechanisms of host immune response against the bacilli, dependent on genetic susceptibility, have contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis, variations in the clinical characteristics, and progression of the disease. This article aims to update dermatologist on epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic leprosy aspects.


controlled mechanisms. In artificial supramolecular system, the recent advances have allowed numerous studies of molecular recognition behaviors and self-assembly processes. While they are generally thermodynamically controlled events, kinetic control of such processes is essential for the development of new supramolecular functional systems. Here we constructed kinetically controlled new supramolecular complexes based coordination chemistry. The guest uptake/release of host-guest system can be precisely controlled by the introduction of replaceable caps into the apertures of the macrocyclic metallohost. The kinetic study also unveiled the mechanism of host-gust binding where the metallohost uptakes the guest cation accompanied by the host reaction. By using a rigid bent ligand in which chelate coordination sites are introduced, we achieved the selective formation of kinetically-stable pentanuclear metallonanobelt by template-directed self-assembly.


In this paper, starting from the project requirements, a 1.2-MJ pulsed power supply (PPS) module for a high-power laser system has been developed. The main circuit of this module consists of a high energy density capacitor bank, a spark gap switch, a magnetic switch, a trigger generator, and a load subsystem. Due to the superiority in the stability and service life, the two-electrode construction for the spark gap switch, high peak currents, and rise time of the currents is selected. Since a two-electrode spark gap switch has no separate trigger electrode and must be directly overvolted by the trigger generator, a small Marx generator has been designed and constructed for the advantage of the proven compactness and electrical performance. The effect of the magnetic switch represents a couple of functions. One is to block the triggering pulse produced by the Marx generator. Another is to permit the discharging current coming from the main capacitor bank. Finally, the measured discharge current waveform of the 1.2-MJ capacitive PPS module is demonstrated to be over a 300-kA peak current and a 500-μs pulsewidth. Moreover, the life test has proved that the switch-trigger system can support more than 1500 discharging processes.


Very expensive problems are very common in practical system that one fitness evaluation costs several hours or even days. Surrogate assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely used to solve this crucial problem in the past decades. However, most studied SAEAs focus on solving problems with a budget of at least ten times of the dimension of problems which is unacceptable in many very expensive real-world problems. In this paper, we employ Voronoi diagram to boost the performance of SAEAs and propose a novel framework named Voronoi-based efficient surrogate assisted evolutionary algorithm (VESAEA) for very expensive problems, in which the optimization budget, in terms of fitness evaluations, is only 5 times of the problem's dimension. In the proposed framework, the Voronoi diagram divides the whole search space into several subspace and then the local search is operated in some potentially better subspace. Additionally, in order to trade off the exploration and exploitation, the framework involves a global search stage developed by combining leave-one-out cross-validation and radial basis function surrogate model. A performance selector is designed to switch the search dynamically and automatically between the global and local search stages. The empirical results on a variety of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms several state-of-art algorithms with extremely limited fitness evaluations. Besides, the efficacy of Voronoi-diagram is furtherly analyzed, and the results show its potential to optimize very expensive problems.


In this work we simulated the growth of amorphous silicon on a substrate of a two-layer-slab of crystalline silicon with various surface indices. We used the Lennard-Jones form for the pair potentials and the Axilrod-Teller form for the three-body potentials. The growth is realized by means of a continuum Monte-Carlo method and the radial distribution functions are compared for various cases.


Fluid flow governed by the Navier–Stokes equation is considered in a domain bounded by two cones with the same axis. In the first, 'non-parallel' case the two cones have the same apex and different angles θ = α and β in spherical polar coordinates (r, θ, φ). In the second, 'parallel' case the two cones have the same opening angle α, parallel walls separated by a gap h and apices separated by a distance h/ sinα. Flows are driven by a source Q at the origin, the apex of the lower cone in the parallel case. The Stokes solution for the non-parallel case is discussed and the angles (α, β) identified where it breaks down, analogously to flow in a wedge geometry. For the case of convergent flow, Q < 0, solutions governed by the Navier–Stokes equation are discussed for both parallel and non-parallel geometries. At large distances the flow is in a viscous regime and takes a Poiseuille profile. As the origin is approached the inertial terms become important and a plug flow emerges, with constant radial velocity in the core, sandwiched between thin boundary layers. By systematic approximation, PDEs are derived that describe the transition from viscous to high Reynolds number flow, and solutions describing the plug flow and boundary layers are obtained using matched asymptotic expansions.


The aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture and to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each drug following administration of the 2 : 1 florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs. The antibacterial activity of the two antibiotics, both singly and as a mixture, was investigated in bacteria isolated from 119 beagle dogs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the broth dilution method, whereas the checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the combination of florfenicol and tylosin. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two antibiotics were determined following administration of the mixture in beagle dogs. Serum concentrations of both drugs were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics parameters such as area under the concentration-time curve, absolute bioavailability and systemic clearance were determined using non-compartmental analysis. The results showed that tylosin and florfenicol exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested isolates. The combination of florfenicol and tylosin produced a synergistic and additive antibacterial effect. Analysis of the serum samples revealed a rapid and almost complete absorption of florfenicol and tylosin with mean bioavailabilities of 92.7% and 106.1%, respectively. The times needed to reach maximum concentration for florfenicol and tylosin were 1.5 and 3 h, respectively. Moreover, intramuscular injection of the mixture to beagle dogs resulted in serum concentrations that were higher than the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations in beagle dogs. This is the first study to report optimisation of florfenicol and tylosin doses following administration of a combination of the two drugs to beagle dogs.


To reduce the data redundancy and energy consumption caused by the explosive growth of data in wireless sensor networks, this paper presents a node data image based mean filtering algorithm. In the provided approach, the nodes are divided into active and de-active nodes to eliminate the data of the sleep nodes and data redundancy. The nodes of wireless sensor network are clustered, and the data obtained from the sensor network are modeled. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than that of k-medoids, which can reduce the redundant data. Moreover, it reduces the energy consumption, and improves the life cycle of wireless sensor networks. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.47.3.20565


Background: Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia in the world. Iron deficiency anemia is very common in India. Medical students may to suffer from anemia due to irregular eating habits due to the hectic study schedule. They also come from the different socioeconomic background.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to find out the presence or absence of anemia among male and female students of 1st year MBBS; (2) to determine the degree of anemia among male and female students; and (3) to study the presence of anemia among students of different nutritional status.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 1st year medical students aged between 18 and 25 years from October 1 to November 30 2013. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. The data were collected using case record form including general information, sign and symptoms of anemia, dietary habits, body mass index, general, and systemic examination. Hemoglobin was estimated by Sahli's method. ESR was estimated by Westergren's method. Red blood cell (RBC) count and blood indices, namely mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration were also determined. All investigations were carried out at central lab Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai.

Results: Hemoglobin was significantly decreased in males compared to females thus showing a greater prevalence of anemia among males compared to females. Furthermore, the presence of anemia was more among overweight students compared to those underweight. There may be a correlation between hemoglobin, ESR, RBC count, and blood indices indicating the presence or absence of anemia.

Conclusion: There is a need for increased awareness among students on adopting healthy eating habits. Deworming also has to be carried out to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia. Treatment of anemia could significantly improve memory and academic performance of students.


This paper investigates an EPQ model with the increasing demand and demand dependent production rate involving the trade credit financing policy, which is seldom reported in the literatures. The model considers the manufacturer was offered by the supplier a delayed payment time. It is assumed that the demand is a linear increasing function of the time and the production rate is proportional to the demand. That is, the production rate is also a linear function of time. This study attempts to offer a best policy for the replenishment cycle and the order quantity for the manufacturer to maximum its profit per cycle. First, the inventory model is developed under the above situation. Second, some useful theoretical results have been derived to characterize the optimal solutions for the inventory system. The Algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions of the manufacturer. Finally, the numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the theorems, and the sensitivity analysis of the optimal solutions with respect to the parameters of the inventory system is performed. Some important management insights are obtained based on the analysis.


The Bologna Process changes the educational paradigm, to be focus on the student and in the learning outcomes. The majority of e-learning platforms are used as mere repositories of content, based on the classroom paradigm and don't support the individualism of each student learning process. Through the integration of new pedagogical methodologies based on students learning styles, we present an approach to intelligent tutoring systems in order to improve the learning process. This article is focused on the importance of learning styles to create the student model in intelligent tutoring systems and what was the student's feedback about the adaptation of the system to each learning experience.


INTRODUCTION
In its broadest sense, the basic concept of Neuropsychology is that all behaviour originates in the brain; according to Luria, it depends on functional systems constituted by different areas of the brain which are inter related. Each area deals with a particular function which is part of the whole (for example, the cortical area for vision deals with reading). Which cortical areas make up the functional system depends on how the person acquired a certain type of behaviour.

DEVELOPMENT
The neuropsychological model, when applied to learning disorders, assumes that they are the expression of specific cerebral dysfunction due to genetic or environmental factors which have altered the development of the nervous system. Pennington recognizes five functional systems or nodules related to intellectual function. Each of these corresponds to a clearly defined zone of the cerebrum and impaired function of any zone causes specific learning disorders. Thus, the left perisylvan region deals with neurolinguistic function and disorders of this causes dyslexia. The hippocampal area of both hemispheres is related to memory and changes in this lead to disorders of memory. Right hemisphere dysfunction causes dyscalculia (posterior right hemisphere) and behaviour disorders (anterior right hemisphere) which may present together or separately. The dysexecutive syndrome is due to frontal lobe changes and is characterized by attention deficit, poor planning and anticipation, defective abstraction and other behaviour disorders. Although these are the best defined and most commonly seen syndromes in clinical practice, it would be logical to expect that there may be as many types of disorder as there are neural systems or subsystems involved in particular types of learning or behaviour, which may be altered. In support of these concepts we report four clinical cases seen by us in the Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires.


Money has been acquiring the primordial position throughout the periods of human history as every matter and dealing of give and take and sale and purchase have been based on money here money means every barter instrument that has been in use and practice it may have been in any shape and form people have been using different shapes and forms of money for there give and take since the primitive time till now. It has been changing its shapes and forms in different time had been gold and silver coins in use for a long time. So, the gold and silver coins there remained in use and practice in the era of the holy prophet. This use remained in practice for centuries later on the paper money was introduced in use and practice. In those time there used to be hundred (100%) percent gold used on the back of the paper note (Currency) This practice of gold with the currency in paper form money rendered it to a receipt. However, with the passage of time the conditions and positions kept on changing and the ratio of gold in the used had been reduced on the note (Currency) up till the paper money acquired its permanents position and value as the currency of the day. This gave the paper money the position and value of a legal tender and customer price. In the present time the use of digital money is in increasing, many countries, around the world, are increasing introducing the use of digital currency. The digital currency has been in use and practice in many countries of the world. The most famous is the butt queen which is saved in computer or in any other device and its prepared without the involvement of the government.
In view the research article brings out in light the Evolutionary history of money during the its evolutionary stages and review of the infunction of the Sharia and Islamic Jurisprudence taking the effects.


The art is carefully woven throughout the text, from full-page ziggurat city scenes replete with people and animals to intimate, close-up spot illustrations. The book's tinted paper features lightly inked layering of fauna and animals in pale browns, further adding texture and ambience. Henderson appends an introduction and conclusion outlining historical context, source information, and her own journey to the tale, which should be extremely useful to adults guiding children through the story. This handsome and engrossing work would be a distinctive addition to any collection. MH


The commercialization of Virtual Reality (VR) devices has made it easier for everyday users to experience VR from the comfort of their living rooms. This recent uptake in VR has also increased reported incidents of cybersickness. Cybersickness refers to the discomfort experienced by an individual while experiencing virtual environments. The symptoms are similar to those of motion sickness but are more disorienting in nature resulting in dizziness, blurred vision, etc. Cybersickness is currently one of the biggest hurdles to the widespread adoption of VR, and it is therefore critical to explore the factors that influence its onset. Towards this end, we present a proof of concept simulation to study cybersickness in highly realistic immersive virtual environments.


The Epstein-Barr virus is a common cause of contagious disease in childhood. It may produce fever and sore throat in young children and infectious mononucleosis in teenagers and young adults. This report discusses four cases of children with anorexia and poor weight gain due to Epstein-Barr virus infection.


According to the characteristics of the model number is relatively small, similarity, complexity is not high in the small professional model library, and the existing 3D model retrieval method can not effectively improve the efficiency. This paper puts forward the retrieval algorithms based on normal plane, extract normal vector of each triangular facet in models, in the surrounded icosahedron of model set every surface as the reference surface, calculating the normal number which go through each reference surface and the ratio of the face in line accounts for the whole area, using the Needleman/Wunsch algorithm in the dynamic programming calculating the similarity for matching. Experiments show that in the small professional model library the model retrieval algorithm based on normal plane can greatly improve the efficiency of the model retrieval.


Given an initial financial network and liquidity needs of the agents forming it, I am interested in how that network evolves over time. Who lends to whom? I show that when agents are allowed to lend in the interbank market, they have a bigger incentive to lend to agents to whom they already have a big exposure to, which I relate to agents Bonacich centrality in the financial network. I also show that this is the unique equilibrium when the exposure of the lender is relatively big.,In the second chapter I study an environment of optimal inattention to the stock market where the investor has Epstein-Zin preferences. As in the expected utility case, the solution strategy of an optimal inattention to the stock market can be done in four easy steps. Although the set-up is in continuous time, the fact that the consumer only decides to evaluate his wealth at discrete times allows us to focus on discrete time Epstein-Zin preferences which simplifies the problem considerably. The first important difference with respect to expected utility is that the optimal portfolio will depend on the risk aversion coefficient. Only through the optimal portfolio will the optimal choice of consumption and stopping time be affected. Otherwise, the problem is identical to the case with expected utility.


I argue that a successful switch from one methodology to another requires a switch from one ontology to another. Large-scale adoption of a new methodology means "infecting" people with new ideas about what sorts of things there are in the (software development) world and how those things hang together. The paper ends with some suggestions to methodology creators about how to design methodologies that encourage the needed "gestalt switch".


In this contribution the ontogenetic development of dentition in the cave bear {Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller & Heinroth) is described up to the age of about four years, when the animals became adult and the formation of their teeth was complet ed. The process of tooth growth and the replacement of deciduous teeth by perma nent dentition took place in a similar way as with the present-day brown bear {Ursus arctos Linné). The teeth eruption sequence is the same in both species. The specimens of cave bear jawbones that served for this study were collected from the well-known Palaeolithic site Divje babe I (W Slovenia). Individual age estimations of these jawbones were made on the supposition that a certain ontoge netic stage in the development of cave bear dentition corresponds to an approxi mately equal age of an individual as with the brown bear. The growth of the jaw, however, was essentially faster in cubs of the cave bear We also presume that the secondary sex dimorphism in cave bears with males having larger jawbones than females was already expressed in the first year of life. With regard to some indices, especially after noting the obvious discordance between the expected and actually observed mortality profile, we should also con sider another possibility; that ontogenetic development in the cave bear was signifi cantly slower than in present-day bears. However, this alternative does not seem very probable, because a proper ontogenetic development has its functional impor tance. A long time iag in the eruption of permanent molars would mean a certain disadvantage to the species.


Introduction: To determine the effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), and the factors predicting from failure of HFNC in acute respiratory failure.

Method : We retrospectively evaluated acute respiratory failure patients who required HFNC at Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, between August 2011 and January 2012.

Result : In all, 33 patients were included in the study. Their median age was 73.4 years (49-89). Majority of the patients were male(22 patients, 67%). The most common cause of acute respiratory failure was pneumonia followed by COPD acute exacerbation, acute pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure, cancer progression, and lung fibrosis. The hospital mortality was 24%. In the unadjusted model, ( P =0.03), APACHE II score ( P =0.04), BNP (P=0.03) and higher respiratory rate ( P = 0.04) were associated with HFNC failure. However, in the adjusted model, higher respiratory rate ( P = 0.04) were associated with HFNC failure [P= 0.04, OR 3.36].

Conclusion : HFNC has beneficial effect on clinical sign and oxygenation in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure. Predictors of high flow nasal cannula failure might be used to guide decisions regarding intubation.


A research program has been carried out to establish the low-cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue behaviors of Inconel 625 at elevated temperatures (650 and 815°C). The main observations were related to the effect of temperature and of hold times. Under continuous cycling, a temperature increase from 650 to 815°C caused a reduction in the fatigue life by a factor of 2 at a high strain and by a factor of 3 at a low strain. Tension hold times had little detrimental effect on cyclic life at 650°C concerning the life reduction with respect to continuous cycling; at 815°C, on the other hand, this became more significant. Compressive hold times also had a damaging effect on fatigue life, and this was larger than that associated with tensile hold times; in particular, it was very pronounced for low strain levels at 815°C. An analysis of data using a life prediction method previously suggested for creep-fatigue combination loadings has also been carried out. The method takes into account the damaging effect due to a compression hold time separately from that due to a tensile hold time in interspersed creep-fatigue loadings. The overall correlation between theoretical calculations and experimental results is reasonably good, for strain levels ranging from 1.2 to 0.4%.


Materials specification limits should minimize materials and testing costs while providing adequate protection for both producer and consumer. The publication of precision statements in ASTM test methods makes possible a rational method for establishing the number of determinations to be averaged for a reported test result for a given test method and is useful in establishing specification limits for mutually dependent properties and for comparisons between treated and untreated materials. Detailed procedures are given for establishing specification limits for the heat of hydration of portland cement and the contribution to durability of concrete admixtures.


Background and objectives: Coronary artery anomalies are known to be associated with congenital heart defects, myocardial ischemia and reduced life expectancy. The sound knowledge of coronary artery anatomy is necessary for proper management of patients undergoing evaluation for percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery surgery or prosthetic valve replacement. The present study is done to determine the origin, course and variation of right marginal artery for proper diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. Materials and Methods: The present study is done on 76 adult heart specimens obtained from routine dissection conducted for undergraduate students in the Department of Anatomy at Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar and also from other nearby medical colleges of Karnataka and Maharashtra. The data obtained is tabulated and analysed statically. Results: In our study it is observed that the right marginal artery is present in 88% cases and is absent in 12% cases. Right marginal artery terminates before inferior border in 19%, in between inferior border and apex in 78%, and in 3% cases right marginal artery terminates at apex. Conclusion: The present study is done to know the normal and variant anatomy of right marginal artery in Hyderabad Karnataka region to provide vital inputs for making a correct diagnosis and planning treatment for procedures like coronary angiography, stenting procedures and surgical myocardial revascularization as the right marginal artery terminating at apex can irrigate the inferior third of heart, diaphragmatic area limiting the possibility of ischemic process in the occlusion of anterior interventricular artery.[Kshirsagar S NJIRM 2015; 6(1):49-51]


Wavelets and their associated transforms are highly efficient when approximating and analyzing one-dimensional signals. However, multivariate signals such as images or videos typically exhibit curvilinear singularities, which wavelets are provably deficient in sparsely approximating and also in analyzing in the sense of, for instance, detecting their direction. Shearlets are a directional representation system extending the wavelet framework, which overcomes those deficiencies. Similar to wavelets, shearlets allow a faithful implementation and fast associated transforms. In this article, we will introduce a comprehensive carefully documented software package coined ShearLab 3D (www.ShearLab.org) and discuss its algorithmic details. This package provides MATLAB code for a novel faithful algorithmic realization of the 2D and 3D shearlet transform (and their inverses) associated with compactly supported universal shearlet systems incorporating the option of using CUDA. We will present extensive numerical experiments in 2D and 3D concerning denoising, inpainting, and feature extraction, comparing the performance of ShearLab 3D with similar transform-based algorithms such as curvelets, contourlets, or surfacelets. In the spirit of reproducible research, all scripts are accessible on www.ShearLab.org.


Background Fifty years ago, Paul Wood described a small subset of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease who had a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and which was disproportionate to their elevated pulmonary venous pressure. Termed a "hyperactive" vasculature, the elevation in PVR fell dramatically and promptly after pulmonary venous pressure was reduced by mitral valve replacement. Herein we report a patient with valvular heart disease and a disproportionately elevated PVR that responded to pharmacologic management alone. Case Presentation A 55-year-old man presented to the cardiology clinic complaining of profound exertional dyspnea of several months' duration. He was found to have jugular venous distention, a nondisplaced apical impulse, a normal first sound, accentuated P2 with physiologic splitting and no gallop sounds. Murmurs of aortic valvular stenosis (AS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) were appreciated. Lung fields were clear and there was no cyanosis, clubbing or edema. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) without left atrial (LA) enlargement was seen on ECG. Based on these findings, chronic AS was suspected with functional MR and pulmonary hypertension considered to be of more recent onset. Echocardiography identified concentric LVH with normal-sized LV and LA chambers; AS and MR; and elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure confirmed at right heart catheterization (60 mm Hg), which also revealed a marked elevation in total pulmonary resistance (975 dynes•s•cm-5) and elevated wedge pressure (mean 37 and peak v wave of 53 mm Hg). Given normal-sized LV and LA chambers, respectively, this suggested abnormal LV stiffness and recent onset MR. Calculated aortic valve area was 1.2 cm2. ACE inhibition, together with loop diuretic and spironolactone, were initiated. At follow-up 1 month later, right heart catheterization revealed PCW of 25 mm Hg, PVR 63 dynes•s•cm-5, and loss of V wave. Conclusion A hyperactive pulmonary vasculature in patients with valvular heart disease may be responsive to medical management and therefore should be so assessed prior to considering valve replacement.


The K distribution is an accurate model for ultrasonic backscatter. A neural approach is developed to estimate K distribution parameters. Accuracy and consistency of the estimates from simulated K and envelope data compare favorably with other techniques. Neural networks can potentially be used as a complementary technique for tissue characterization.


Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which is reported very commonly among patients with breath holding spells (BHS), is the most common presentation of coeliac disease (CD). In that aspect, IDA may be a common pathway linking these two diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of CD in patients with BHS.


Background: Self-harm and suicide are major public health problems with immediate and long-term effects on individuals, families, and communities. In 2020 and 2021, stressors wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home mandates, economic turmoil, social unrest, and growing inequality likely modified risk for self-harm. The coinciding surge in firearm purchasing may have increased risk for firearm suicide. In this study, we examined changes in counts and rates of fatal and nonfatal intentional self-harm in California across sociodemographic groups during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to prior years. Methods: We used California-wide death data and University of California (UC)-wide hospital data to summarize fatal and nonfatal instances of intentional self-harm across race/ethnicity, age, education, gender, region, and method of harm. We compared case counts and rates in 2020 and 2021 with 2017–2019 averages. Results: Suicide decreased overall in 2020 (4123 deaths; 10.5 per 100,000) and 2021 (4104; 10.4 per 100,000), compared to pre-pandemic (4484; 11.4 per 100,000). The decrease in counts was driven largely by males, white, and middle-aged Californians. Conversely, Black Californians and young people (age 10–19) experienced increased burden and rates of suicide. Firearm suicide also decreased following the onset of the pandemic, but relatively less than overall suicide; as a result, the proportion of suicides that involved a firearm increased (from 36.1% pre-pandemic to 37.6% in 2020 and 38.1% in 2021). Females, people aged 20–29, and Black Californians had the largest increase in the likelihood of using a firearm in suicide following the onset of the pandemic. Counts and rates of nonfatal, intentional self-harm in UC hospitals increased in 2020 (2160; 30.7 per 100,000) and 2021 (2175; 30.9 per 100,000) compared to pre-pandemic (2083; 29.6 per 100,000), especially among young people (age 10–19), females, and Hispanic Californians. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic and co-occurring stressors coincided with heterogeneous changes in risk of self-harm and suicide across the California population. Marginalized racial groups, females, and younger people experienced increased risk for self-harm, particularly involving a firearm. Public health intervention and policy action are necessary to prevent fatal and nonfatal self-harm injuries and reduce related inequities.


We evaluated cortical activation during simple and complex learned movements in five patients diagnosed with cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration. Since the parietal area is one of the areas most involved in this degenerative pathology, we focused on the possible role of the parietal lobe, in learning and executing simple and complex motor sequences. We also attempted to describe the role of the parietal area in spatial and visual control, which is necessary to define and optimise movement execution in daily living. We discuss the results of our evaluation, and give an overview of the literature on the topic.


Employing 19 criteria the authors have elaborated simple formal diagnostic rules in tabulated and automated modes which help detect cerebrovascular diseases in the course of prophylactic check-ups of the population. The automated diagnostic variant includes the assessment of the questionnaire data, rheoencephalography and electrocardiography. The application of this variant has allowed the diagnosis of the disease in 95.4%. The system of automated diagnosis makes it possible to significantly increase the quality and efficacy of wide-scale prophylactic check-ups of the population.


A single molecular catalyst system supported on MgCl2 has been developed and combined with a simple two-stage fed-batch polymerization process to produce tailored bimodal polyethylene reactor blend particles of UHMWPE. By varying and controlling the process conditions in the first stage and second stage, bimodal HMWPE:UHMWPE reactor particles are obtained with independent control over the individual molar masses, the mass ratio of the HMWPE and UHMWPE components, and the reactor powder particle size. This allows multidimensional control over the individual UHMWPE reactor particle properties.


OBJECTIVE
Nationwide data on eating disorders (EDs) among East Asian populations are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and psychiatric comorbidities of EDs in Taiwan.

METHOD
Drawing from the National Health Research Institute database, we identified the study subjects aged 11-34 years who received an ED diagnosis during ambulatory visits or hospitalization from 2001 to 2012. We analyzed the subjects by age and gender. Diagnoses for comorbid psychiatric disorders were entered in the analysis only if they occurred within 1 year before or after the ED diagnosis date. Rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the average population within the study period.

RESULTS
The estimated mean annual incidence was approximately 11.11 (95% CI 10.51-11.72) per 100,000 residents, and the 1 year prevalence was 20.87 (95% CI 20.05-21.70) per 100,000 residents, with evidence of female predominance (female/male ratio = 10.95, 95% CI = 8.97-13.36). Incidence and prevalence peaked at ages 20-24 in females and at ages 25-29 in males. Both rates nearly doubled within a decade. Specifically, the anorexia nervosa trend recently stabilized in females and decreased in males, while that for bulimia nervosa increased in both females and males. The most common comorbid diagnoses were anxiety (53%) and major depressive disorders (22%).

DISCUSSION
The incidence and prevalence of EDs were lower in Taiwan than in Western countries. However, these rates were rapidly rising, notably in males. The majority of Taiwanese ED patients also received a diagnosis for various psychiatric comorbidities, a finding worthy of clinical attention.


Labial enamel surfaces of anterior teeth were polished, etched for thirty seconds with acid and then repolished by manual brushing with three different abrasive pastes for 10, 15, 15, 20, and 20 seconds respectively and finally for a 60-sec brushing with a dental engine. Before etching and following each paste treatment, the light reflection of the surfaces was measured with the scanning tooth surface reflectometer of GABATHULER. The reflectance values were compared with the microscopic tooth surface texture. Reflectometric findings were similar under in vitro and in vivo conditions. There were differences among the pastes in restoring maximum lustre of dull etched enamel, but not in polishing intact tooth surfaces.


The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects on development parameters in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça of partially replacing the potassium (K) in fertilizer by sodium (Na) and the impacts of applying calcium (Ca). The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates, in a 3 × 4 + 3 factorial arrangement. Three Ca sources (CaCO3, CaSO4 and CaCl2) were applied at 4 Ca doses (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Ca/kg of soil) to the grass where 25% of the K fertilizer was replaced by NaCl. The 3 additional treatments were: application of standard fertilizer (N:P:K) with 100% of K recommendation; application of fertilizer with 25% of K replaced by Na but no Ca applied; and grass with no fertilizer of any kind as Control. The variables analyzed were: leaf area, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and photosynthetic rate. Partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation did not cause significant change in the development of Mombaça grass or to any of the measured parameters. Addition of Ca had minimal impact on the analyzed variables regardless of level or source. These measurements helped to explain why dry matter yields of Mombaça grass were not significantly affected by partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation.


Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in land law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decisions. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Aruna Nair, including her assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.


Large eddy simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations are performed to achieve a better under-standing of the behaviour of wakes generated by wind turbines. The simulations are performed bycombinin ...


The objectives of this article are to: 1) investigate the different types of state land conflicts occurring in Zambia; and 2) establish whether or not the Lands Tribunal is efficient and effective in resolving state land conflicts. Methodologically, qualitative methods (interviews and questionnaires) supported by documents were used. These research methods were used to conclude that state land conflicts such as invasion of idle or undeveloped private or public land, illegal allocation of land by some politicians and some government officials, violent land acquisition by political cadres, boundary conflicts, multiple allocations of land, eviction by private landlords, and eviction by government agency are occurring with greater frequency in Zambia. However, the Lands Tribunal is unable to adequately resolve these land conflicts due to its centralised nature, limited capacity and lack of public awareness. It is recommend that, guided by research, the Zambian government should consider strengthening the Lands Tribunal by decentralising it to district level, and ensure ongoing capacity building (i.e. adequate funding, ongoing training programme, sufficient transport, and adequate human resource) and awareness. Keywords : Zambia, Lusaka, state land conflict, Lands Tribunal


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficiency of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in dealing with abdominal aortic branch malperfusion based on the analysis of aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) images in pre- and post-TEVAR.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis from September 2015 to March 2016 in single institution to 32 patients, diagnosed as Stanford B aortic dissection with abdominal aortic branch malperfusion, CTA images in pre- and post-TEVAR were collected. Based on the aortic branch malperfusion pattern redefined by Nagamine, we identified and characterized branch malperfusion pattern for four abdominal aortic branches (celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, bilateral renal artery) in statistical analysis.

RESULTS
In the four abdominal aortic branches (total 128 branches), 86 branches (67.2%) expressed with Class I patterns, in which subtype I-b presented with 0.8%, subtype I-c with 5.5%; 14 branches (10.9%) expressed with Class II patterns, in which subtype II-b-1 with 3.9%, subtype II-b-2 with 3.1%; 16 branches (12.5%) expressed with Class III patterns, all with subtype III-a, no subtype III-b and III-c presented. The remaining 12 branches were normal. The 100% successful rate of TEVAR obtained in 32 patients performed. The mean following-up was 4 months. Aortic CTA showed that among the 14 "high-risk" abdominal aortic branch malperfusion, 13 (92.9%) with obvious branch malperfusion in post-TEVAR were observed to improve, and the remaining one branch malperfusion (7.1%) was observed to change from subtype I-b to I-c.

CONCLUSION
Few ratios in abdominal aortic branches suffered with obvious malperfusion complicated by Stanford B aortic dissection. For branches with "high-risk" malperfusion pattern, optimal changes were observed in abdominal aortic branch without revascularization in post-TEVAR, as well other branches with non-"high-risk" pattern perfusion were mostly stable in post-TEVAR. It could be of profound benefit to extend branch malperfusion patterns redefined by Nagamine in clinical practice to assess aortic dissection and in further guide for revascularization or not.


Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura (SFTP) arising in a cavity is extremely rare. A 66‐year‐old Japanese male presented with an abnormal shadow on his chest X‐ray. Chest computed tomography showed a cavity of approximately 18 mm in diameter between the upper and lower lobes that contained a solid nodule within. Under the thoracoscope, the peduncle cystic tumour was removed with sufficient surgical margin. Macroscopically, a tumour of about 15 mm in diameter arose in the cystic cavity. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD34, bcl‐2, and signal transduction and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) but negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and a diagnosis of SFTP was made. The patient remains well without recurrence or any complications at two and a half years after the operation. SFTP should be considered when a tumour arises in a cavity existing in an interlobar space. It is important to determine whether the tumour is pedunculated or sessile during surgery and to perform the appropriate surgical procedure.


1. Confocal microscopy and the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fluo‐3 (K+ salt) were used to measure cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]) during excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling in single, voltage‐clamped, rat cardiac ventricular cells. 2. Local [Ca2+]i transients were measured nearly simultaneously in different, separate, subcellular volumes of approximately 2.0 microns 3. During depolarization, local [Ca2+]i transients were distinctly different from each other and from whole‐cell [Ca2+]i transients. These differences were particularly apparent during small depolarizations, and were substantially reduced by ryanodine. 3. Components of the local [Ca2+]i transients, particularly those evoked by small depolarizations, were closely similar, in time course and amplitude, to spontaneous local [Ca2+]i transients, or 'sparks' (which have been shown previously to be Ca2+ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum). 4. Analysis of local [Ca2+]i transients in the spatial frequency domain (power spectrum) revealed that high power at spatial frequencies of 0.05‐0.2 microns‐1 was always associated with spontaneous calcium 'sparks' and with local [Ca2+]i transients evoked by small depolarizing pulses (e.g. to ‐31 mV). Evoked local [Ca2+]o transients in the presence of ryanodine, and those evoked by depolarization to very positive clamp‐pulse potentials (+45 mV), were associated with considerably lower power at this frequency. 5. The results suggest that whole‐cell [Ca2+]i transients evoked by voltage‐clamp depolarization, and thus by L‐type Ca2+ current, are comprised of local [Ca2+]i transients that are similar to the spontaneous calcium 'sparks'. At very positive clamp‐pulse potentials, however, the electrically evoked local [Ca2+]i transients may be smaller, perhaps as a result of smaller unitary L‐type Ca2+ current.


Action recognition with 3D skeleton sequences is becoming popular due to its speed and robustness. The recently proposed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based methods have shown good performance in learning spatio-temporal representations for skeleton sequences. Despite the good recognition accuracy achieved by previous CNN based methods, there exist two problems that potentially limit the performance. First, previous skeleton representations are generated by chaining joints with a fixed order. The corresponding semantic meaning is unclear and the structural information among the joints is lost. Second, previous models do not have an ability to focus on informative joints. The attention mechanism is important for skeleton based action recognition because there exist spatio-temporal key stages and the joint predictions can be inaccurate. To solve the two problems, we propose a novel CNN based method for skeleton based action recognition. We first redesign the skeleton representations with a depth-first tree traversal order, which enhances the semantic meaning of skeleton images and better preserves the structural information. We then propose the idea of a two-branch attention architecture that focuses on spatio-temporal key stages and filters out unreliable joint predictions. A base attention model with the simplest structure is first introduced to illustrate the two-branch attention architecture. By improving the structures in both branches, we further propose a Global Long-sequence Attention Network (GLAN). Experiment results on the NTU RGB+D dataset and the SBU Kinetic Interaction dataset show that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art, as well as the effectiveness of each component.


ought to be, a fellowship in which the enthusiasm of youth and the experience of the more mature blends for the good of the whole. In this way the older are saved from settling into a rut while the younger are saved from excess. One generation needs the other. The church that can show itself to be a united, allage family becomes a witness to the reconciling power of Christ. In this study of Timothy we have glimpsed some of his qualities: his genuine concern to serve others, his loyalty, his deferring to the experience and authority of Paul and above all, his commitment to the propagation of the gospel. It comes as no surprise to learn that Timothy is regarded by many


For the transport of large structures over sea, offshore going barges are one of the preferred means of transportation. The resistance and towed stability of these vessels are of prime importance with respect to the economic feasibility of transport. To ensure acceptable towed stability behaviour, side skegs are generally placed under the aft ship of the barge. However, these skegs give additional resistance and thus undesired fuel consumption.SMIT and MARIN joined forces with the intention of designing a new ocean going barge with sufficient towed stability and superior resistance characteristics compared to the already low drag Giant 4 barge. The Giant 4, for which favourable tow characteristics were observed during its service, was used as a reference vessel. The first step was to modify the hull form in order to fulfil SMIT's design requirements. Subsequently, a detailed CFD study into the flow around the barge and the size, shape and positioning of the side skegs was performed leading to a significant resistance reduction. However, this reduction in resistance led to a degradation of the towed stability of the vessel, which was compensated for by adding a centreline skeg. The final design has a 14% percent reduction in resistance compared to the existing barge, with comparable towed stability.A model testing program was performed in order to validate the CFD computations. The agreement between the CFD and experimental results was found to be very good, demonstrating that CFD tools can be used to optimise the resistance and towed stability of barges.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Due to the intensive dissemination of high frequency electrical and electronic systems nowadays, several issues regarding electromagnetic interference (EMI) are more and more observed in our environment. This continuous growing of EMI everywhere, can leads to a malfunction of the more susceptible electrical products and systems. In order to face this problem, one has to take into account the various aspects of electromagnetic compatibility during the design phase of electrical and electronic systems. Among the tools that can be used for this purpose, there is the impedance stabilization network (LISN) and the noise separator device. With such tools, it is possible to carry out a series of EMI measurements in the prototype phase of the product, avoiding a fail in the final test of conducted electromagnetic emissions. This paper describes the development of a low-cost LISN with support for a noise separator device, which can provide valuable information regarding common-mode and differential-mode electromagnetic noise, allowing to solve more easily EMI issues on a product or system.


The migration and fate of dissolve organic matter (DOM) in estuarine ecosystems have gained more attention, due to the important role of the estuary as the bridge of the land and ocean,. Photochemical and microbial processes have long been considered as the key routes for the transformation and mineralization of DOM in the aquatic ecosystems. However, how the above processes influencing each other is still poorly understood. In this study, the interaction between photoand bio-degradation of DOM was investigated in surface water in the Pearl River Estuary in south China. Microbial, photochemical and microbial + photochemical experiments were carried out and monitored by direct measurements of dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and the adsorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The results demonstrated both the fraction of microbial degradation of DOM and the rate of this pathway in the dark were higher in the mid estuary than those in the upper and lower estuaries . The microbial degradation of CDOM under natural light along the estuary was promoted, whereas that of DOC was inhibited. After one-month microbial consumption in the dark, the photobleaching rate of CDOM was slightly enhanced along the estuary. Differently from CDOM photobleaching, the photodegradation rate of DOC was promoted in the upper estuary, but inhibited in the lower estuary. Furthermore, two broadband shoulders at 285-310 nm and 350-360 nm, respectively, were found for the absorption spectrum of CDOM after microbial and then photochemical degradation in the upper estuary, which meant the formation of carbonyl and aromatic heterocyclic compounds. The shoulders were smaller (absent) for the mid (lower) estuarine sample. This study provides direct evidence that microbial and photochemical degradation of DOM can significantly impact on each other in the estuarine ecosystem. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms between the two processes in large scale areas.


This article is based on the experiences of a recent pilot project to develop a participatory approach to the monitoring and evaluating of psychosocial interventions with children affected by armed conflict. It presents the conceptual framework and the principles that underpinned the testing of tools within programmes in eastern Sri Lanka. Some of the main challenges encountered while utilizing these tools are discussed, along with the value of the data generated and the implications of using participatory methodologies for planning, monitoring and evaluation.


Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a potentially life-threatening granulomatous heart disease with unclear etiology and a suspected pathological immune response to an unidentified antigenic trigger in individuals with a genetic predisposition. CS often occurs as a part of systemic sarcoidosis, but in rare cases it can be isolated. The latter phenotype is especially difficult to diagnose, since it requires a differential diagnosis with a number of other myocardial diseases. Depending on the location and area, the clinical performance can vary from asymptomatic to severe cardiac manifestations — decompensated heart failure, malignant arrhythmias and conduction disorders, as well as sudden death. Methods for diagnosing CS are constantly being improved. In the presented review, the emphasis is on modern methods, diagnostic criteria, and approaches to the therapy of CS.


Particles synthesized from biodegradable polymers hold great potential as controlled drug delivery systems. Continuous flow platforms based on microfluidics offer attractive advantages over conventional batch-emulsification techniques for the scalable fabrication of drug-loaded particles with controlled physicochemical properties. However, widespread utilization of microfluidic technologies for the manufacturing of drug-loaded particles has been hindered largely by the lack of practical guidelines toward cost-effective development and reliable operation of microfluidic systems. Here, we present a framework for rational design and construction of microfluidic systems using commercially available components for high-throughput production of uniform biodegradable particles encapsulating drugs. We also demonstrate successful implementation of this framework to devise a robust microfluidic system that is capable of producing drug-carrying particles with desired characteristics. The guidelines provided in this study will likely help broaden the applicability of microfluidic technologies for the synthesis of high-quality, drug-loaded biodegradable particles.


An optimization method for an ensemble local mean decomposition (ELMD) parameters selection using genetic algorithms is proposed. The execution of this technique depends heavily on the correct choice of the parameters of its model as pointed out in previous works. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated using synthetic signals, discussed by several authors. The resulting algorithm obtained similar results to OELMD, but with an 82% reduction in processing time. Actual vibration signals were also analysed, presenting satisfactory results.


Individuals with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have microthrombocytopenia, which is a decrease in the number and size of blood cells involved in clotting (platelets). This platelet abnormality, which is typically present from birth, can lead to easy bruising, bloody diarrhea, or episodes of prolonged bleeding following nose bleeds or minor trauma. Microthrombocytopenia can also lead to small areas of bleeding just under the surface of the skin, resulting in purplish spots called purpura, or variably sized rashes made up of tiny red spots called petechiae. In some cases, particularly if a bleeding episode occurs within the brain, prolonged bleeding can be life-threatening.


Context: The diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is based on nuclear features. These features may be present in focal areas in benign thyroid diseases and follicular adenoma (FA), leading to diagnostic difficulty. Aims: To evaluate the expression and pattern of the distribution of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in PTC and compare its reactivity with other neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions to assess its potential as a useful marker for PTC. Materials and Methods: Twenty two cases of papillary carcinoma (usual type, follicular and diffuse sclerosing variant), eight follicular adenomas, eight multinodular goiters (MNG) were collected for a period of two years and six months. Sections were taken from thyroidectomy specimens fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CK19 were done using standard protocol. Results were semiquantitatively scored as follows: 1+ (<5% positively stained cells), 2+ (5-25%), 3+ (25-75%) and 4+ (>75%), and then analyzed. Statistical Analysis and Results: All 22 (100%) papillary carcinomas showed diffuse and strong (3+ and 4+) CK19 expression. Six out of eight (75%) FAs and four out of eight (50%) MNG were positive for CK19, but it was of weaker intensity (1+ and 2+) and focal in distribution. Conclusion: Focal CK19 staining may be found in benign disease, but diffuse and strong positivity is characteristic of PTC, which can be used in the diagnosis of PTC in lesions of equivocal morphological appearances.


Serum erythropoietin level less than 100U/L and a transfusion requirement of less than 2 units per month are the best predictive factors for response to treatment by erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in low/int-1 myelodysplastic syndromes. To investigate the factors influencing the response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, we enrolled 127 low/int-1 myelodysplastic syndrome patients at diagnosis in a biological study of erythropoiesis. The 54 non-responders had a significantly lower number of burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid than responders. Erythropoietin-dependent proliferation and survival, and phospho (p)-ERK1/2 expression in steady state and after erythropoietin stimulation were defective in cultured erythroblasts. By flow cytometry, p-ERK1/2 was significantly lower in bone marrow CD45−/CD71+/GPA−cells from non-responders compared to responders or controls. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis showed that this flow cytometry test was a sensitive biomarker for predicting the response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.


According to Koichi Okumura et al., the C-terminal domain of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) tumor suppressor protein inhibits transformation by the oncogenic MSP58 protein. Normally, PTEN suppresses tumorigenesis by down-regulating the PI3K pathway and p53 regulation via the phosphatase activity of its catalytic domain. However, the C-terminal region of PTEN, which helps to stabilize the protein, is mutated in a variety of human cancers, suggesting an additional mechanism by which PTEN regulates transformation. To elucidate the function of the PTEN C-terminal region, the authors used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify PTEN-interacting proteins. The researchers found that the PTEN C-terminal domain physically interacts with the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of the oncogenic MSP58 protein, and this interaction requires PTEN threonine 366. MSP58 transformed PTEN-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but reintroducing wild-type PTEN dramatically reduced the number of transformed foci. Furthermore, a PTEN mutant clone with an inactive catalytic domain (G129R) was still able to suppress MSP58 oncogenicity. These results demonstrate that the PTEN C-terminal region inhibits the transformational potential of MSP58, and this attenuation does not require PTEN catalytic activity. The authors propose that PTEN suppression of MSP58 transformation through protein–protein interactions represents a previously unidentified ability of PTEN to interfere with tumorigenesis.


Costa Rica is one of the countries with highest species biodiversity density in the world. More than 2,000 tree species have already been identified, many of which are used in the building, furniture, and packaging industries (Grayum et al. 2003). This rich diversity makes the correct identification of tree species very difficult. As a result, it is common to see in the national market that species are commercialized with mistaken identifications, which makes quality control particularly challenging. In addition, because 90 timber tree species have been classified as "threatened" in Costa Rica, correct identifications are indispensable for law-enforcement. The traditional system for tree species identification is based on macro and microscopic evaluations of the anatomy of the wood. It entails assesing anatomical features such as patterns of vessels, parenchymas, and fibers. Typically, 7.7 x 10 cm pieces of wood cuts are used to identify the tree species (Pan and Kudo 2011, Yusof et al. 2013). However, assessing these features is extremely difficult for taxonomists because properties of the wood can vary considerably due to environmental conditions and intra-specific genetic variability. ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ © Mata-Montero E et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Deep learning techniques have recently been used to identify plant species (CarranzaRojas et al. 2017a, Carranza-Rojas et al. 2017b) and are potentially useful to detect subtle differences in patterns of vessels, parenchyma, and other anatomical features of wood. However, it is necessary to have a large collection of macroscopic photographs of individuals from various parts of the country (Pan and Kudo 2011). As a first step in the application of deep learning techniques, we have defined a formal, standard protocol for collecting wood samples, physically processing them, taking pictures, performing data augmentation, and using metadata to provide the primary data necessary for deep learning applications. Unlike traditional xylotheque sampling methods that destroy trees or use wood from fallen trees, we propose a method that extracts small size samples with sufficient quality for anatomical characterization but does not affect the growth and survival of the individual. This study has been developed in three forest permanent plots in Costa Rica, all of which are sites with historical growth data over the last 20 years. We have so far evaluated 40 species (10 individuals per species) with diameters greater than 20 cm. From each individual, a cylindrical sample of 12 mm diameter and 7.5 cm in length was extracted with a cordless drill. Each sample is then cut into five of 8 x 8 x 8 mm cubes and further processed to result in curated xylotheque samples, a dataset with all relevant metadata and original images, and a dataset with images obtained by performing data augmentation on the original images.


A Bi-2212 cable-in-conduit featuring incorporated stress management is being developed. By using a compliant thin wall tube made of Inconel X 750 in the center of the CIC the strands of the cable are protected from the accumulated Lorentz stress. This significantly reduces the mechanical loading on the superconductor while it is still being held rigidly in place. A finite element analysis of a cable matrix is presented, and mechanical tests of the Inconel X 750 tubes are shown.


BACKGROUND
Hepatic artery variations are frequent clinical occurrences. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic course of variant hepatic arteries originating from the superior mesenteric artery for the purpose of providing instructions for abdominal tumor surgery.

METHODS
The course of variant hepatic arteries originating from the superior mesenteric artery was studied in 400 patients with liver cancer confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography (MSCTA), and 86 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by preoperative MSCTA between June 2008 and June 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.

RESULTS
Hepatic artery variations originating from the superior mesenteric artery were noticed in 49 liver cancer patients and 14 gastric cancer patients (total 63 cases), with a variation rate of 12.96%, including two cases (3.17%) where the hepatic arteries ran along the anterior pancreas, and 61 cases (96.83%) where the hepatic arteries ran along the posterior pancreas.

CONCLUSIONS
Hepatic artery variations originating from the superior mesenteric artery present as two types: the pre-pancreas type and the post-pancreas type with the latter predominating. This finding is of clinical significance in abdominal tumor surgeries where clearance of portal lymph nodes is needed.


This article provides an insight into the support needs of health and social care commissioners seeking to develop world class commissioning competencies and the role of service improvement agencies in meeting these needs. Reporting findings from the evaluation of one service improvement agency based in England, we focus on the 'improvement supports' (the products and services) that were delivered by the 'Care Services Improvement Partnership' through its 'Better Commissioning Programme'. In-depth interviews were carried out with 25 care commissioners (n = 25) exploring how the Programme was used in their day to day work, its perceived value and limitations. Given the lack of employer-led training and induction we conclude that service improvement agencies play an important role in developing commissioners' skills and competencies. However, we suggest that achieving world class commissioning may depend on a more fundamental rethink of commissioning organisations' approaches to learning and development.


People may suppose, perhaps, that the history of the Ainus, or the past situations under which their language and oral traditions propspered and failed, hold much interest for Ainu linguists. Unfortunately, most Ainu linguists, including the present author, have not showed any deep interest in the actual history of this minority. We have been interested in the Ainu language only, particularly in its linguistic structure. Lately the present author has realized the necessity of getting more information about the historical processes during which the Ainu language lapsed into its present fatal state. Some aspects of this sphere of questions are dealt with below


When renewable sources are connected to the distribution network in the form of a distributed generators(DGs), the effect of intermittent output appears as voltage fluctuation. The surplus power at the consumer ends results in the reverse power flow to the distribution network. This reverse power flow causes several problems to the distribution network such as overvoltage. Application of the reactive power control equipment and power flow control by means of BTB inverter have been suggested as the general solutions to overcome the overvoltage, but they are not economically feasible since they require high cost devices. Herein, we suggest the feeder loop line switch control method to solve the problem.


The methylation patterns produced in E. coli B tRNA by various concentrations of dimethylsulphate were found to differ with a predominant formation of 7-methylguanine and 1-methyladenine at low concentrations and of a methylated compound not yet identified at high concentrations of methylating agent. The analysis by Scatchard plot of dimethylsulphate interaction with the nucleic acid suggested the presence of high and low affinity sites.


Altered metabolism and increased formation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is considered to be the key event in development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent reports have shown that cholesterol levels modulate processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and formation of Aβ peptide. Cholesterol accumulation and increased levels of Aβ peptide have also been observed in Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), hereditary sphingolipid storage disorder, which has become an important model to study the role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of AD. The goal of this work was to investigate whether cholesterol accumulation in NPC disease changes distribution of APP protein and presenilin 1 (PS1) within endocytic pathway. Using immunoconfocal microscopy, we observed altered localization of APP protein in early and recycling endosomes in CHO NPC1-/- compared to CHOwt cells. In addition, we detected altered staining of markers for early (EEA1) and recycling (transferrin receptor, TFR) endosomes in CHO NPC1-/- cells, which suggests their accumulation on the cell periphery. However, altered localization of PS1 was not observed in endocytic organelles. These results suggest that cholesterol may influence the onset of AD by regulating trafficking of APP protein within endocytic pathway, and that this redistribution od APP protein leads to increased synthesis of C99, and Aβ peptide in these organelles.


Background Allergic contact dermatitis to tattoo ink may last from weeks to years. Formaldehyde is a strong sensitizer that may be present in predispersed tattoo inks. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of formaldehyde in predispersed tattoo inks using the chromotropic acid method. Methods Tattoo inks from 39 companies were evaluated. Inclusion criteria included availability to purchase inks online through US tattoo product wholesalers or individual Web sites. Brands were grouped based on prevalence of use: common, uncommon, or rare. For common brands, 8 colors (primary colors, secondary colors, black, and white) were purchased. For uncommon and rare brands, 5 colors (primary colors, black, and white) were purchased. Each ink was tested with standard chromotropic acid method procedures; concentration of formaldehyde released was quantified using spectrophotometry. Results In total, 127 tattoo inks were purchased and tested. Ninety-three (73%) tested positive for formaldehyde release; 34 (27%) tested negative. Formaldehyde release did not correlate with color or brand. At least 1 ink from all brands (except 1) was positive for formaldehyde release. Conclusion Approximately three-quarters of selected US tattoo inks tested positive for formaldehyde release. Clinicians should be aware of tattoo ink as a potential source of formaldehyde.


Background: ATG101 plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumours by regulating autophagy. Our study aimed to research the correlation between the expression of ATG101 and tumour prognosis and its role in tumour immunity. Methods: First, integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression portals were used to analyse the expression of ATG101. Then, we used Kaplan–Meier curves for survival analysis. Next, we analysed the relationship between ATG101 expression and six immune cells, the immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints. Besides, we analysed the relationship between the expression of ATG101 and methyltransferase. Finally, we used GSEA to study the function of ATG101 in COAD and LIHC. Results: Integrated analysis showed that ATG101 was overexpressed in different tumours. Kaplan–Meier curves found that ATG101 was associated with poor prognosis in most tumours. We found that that ATG101 can be used as a target and prognostic marker of tumour immunotherapy for different tumours. We also found that ATG101 regulates DNA methylation. GSEA analysis showed that ATG101 may play a critical role in COAD and LIHC.Conclusions: Our study highlights the significance of ATG101 in the study of tumour immunity from a pan-cancer perspective.


The growth in demand for memory capacity is surpassing the pace at which memory component manufacturers are able to cost-effectively produce the next generation of monolithic memory devices. This drives the need for utilizing stacked components for memory module assemblies. The introduction of stacked CSP components, which consist of multiple layers of solder balls and is heavier than regular CSP components, requires that the processes used for assembling monolithic components be reviewed and re-optimized to suit its manufacturability and reliability. One of the characteristics to review is the self centering capability, which is an inherent and desirable property of area array devices that can largely compensate for the errors in placement of these components. The added weight of a stacked CSP component could inhibit its self centering characteristic. This paper presents a systematic approach to assess the self centering characteristics of a stacked CSP component. The heaviest available memory component was used for this evaluation. The findings of this assessment is useful in determining the capability requirements for the placement machine and to establish the inspection criteria. Based on the analysis and the results, the stacked CSP component was able to self center when misplaced by 50% along the diagonal.


This study tries to identify and analyze the perception of local society towards the effect of tourism industry of Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI) Cisarua-Bogor. The existence of such toursm activity has effected the local society and environment. This study aims at analyzing society's perception towards the effect of such tourism industry of TSI Cisarua-Bogor. In analyzing such perception towards the effect of tourism industry at Indonesia Safari Park Bogor, descriptive qualitative, SWOT, and Quantitative Strategies Planning Matrix (QSPM) used by seeing the direct and indirect impact as well as the continous strategy. The result of analysis shown that the existence of TSI Cisarua-Bogor tourism had given positive impact to the society particularly in economy aspect, but on the other hand it had also shown its negative impact particularly the condition of its environment. Furtheremore, there had been a formulation of strategy for empowering the local society economy and an optimalization of tourism potency for encouraging society's ability in preserving the environment.Keywords: socio economic and environmental impacts, tourism, society's perception, SWOT analysis,QSPM analysis


Joseph J. Thomson (1856–1940) was one of the leading physicists at the turn of the last century. In 1906 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the electron and for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. Thomson's discoveries raised questions concerning the nature of the atom. He demonstrated that the atom is not the simplest unit of matter; rather, it has a structure. Thomson's atomic theory has informally been called the "plum-pudding" model, but the early history of this expression has not been elucidated. The expression is not in Thomson [1], the seminal paper in which Thomson developed his atomic theory, nor is it in any of his subsequent publications. Although the historian Heilbron [2, 3] has argued persuasively that this expression misrepresents Thomson's theory, it is still mentioned in respectable professional texts (sometimes labeled "inappropriate"): see, e.g., [4–8]. As evidence for its occurrence in popular accounts, we found that a Google search for "plum pudding atomic model" yields over 100,000 hits. In other words, the expression is a commonplace and, as we show, it is not simply an artifact of recent popularization. So, what were the circumstances that led to calling Thomson's theory the "plumpudding" model?


Introduction: The non-operative management of UGI complications lacks consensus, despite being the subset that requires a concerted multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this study is to propose an algorithm of management, with early endoscopy and interventional radiology as adjuncts to surgical interventions. Methods: This retrospective cohort describes the management of 37 patients over a 5 year period with the evolution of a multidisciplinary team and an algorithm of management in a tertiary UGI centre. The cohort included 15 bariatric, 12 Cancer and 10 Oesophageal perforation patients. The primary outcome was the morbidity profile and mortality the secondary outcome. Results: The median number of stents used per patient across the groups was two. The leak resolution time was 34, 52.5 and 60.5 days among the cancer, bariatric and perforation groups, respectively. Radiological drains were required in about 36% of patients across the groups. Nutritional access was established with Naso-Jejunal tubes with overlapping TPN in the bariatric and perforation groups, while the cancer group had Feeding Jejunostomy tubes inserted during their resections. The mean duration of hospital stay was 29.5, 41.5 and 63 days respectively. Three (8%) patients developed major stent-related complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade 3b) requiring reoperation. There were no mortalities in the cohort. Conclusion: Though heterogeneous, UGI complications have common management principles. The non-operative management algorithm with endoscopy and adjuncts is still an aggressive, yet conservative approach with prompt control of sepsis and establishment of early nutrition. This multidisciplinary approach is an effective means of resolution with minimal morbidity and mortality.