In Cameroun, about a dozen species of insects were associated with oil palm inflorescences. All except Prosoestus spp. visited female inflorescences after visiting male inflorescences during anthesis and transported pollen to the receptive female flowers. At a rough estimate, about 20 000 individuals visited each female inflorescence during the period of receptivity, and about 70% of the pollen transported was viable. In Peninsular Malaysia, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morg.) is almost certainly the main pollinating agent. Some 200 000 individuals were estimated to visit a single male inflorescence. They also visited female inflorescences, Where up to 7.3 thrips per flower were estimated to be present at any one time, each carrying 4–5 pollen grains, of which 76% were viable. In Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, a momphid moth. Pyroderces sp., may contribute to oil palm pollination. As natural pollination of all oil palms in Cameroun and taller palms in Peninsular Malaysia is considered adequate while in most areas of Sabah where few insects visit the flowers it is inadequate, it is concluded that the insects observed achieve pollination so the oil palm should be considered an entomophilous rather than an anemophilous plant.


Virtual reality (VR)-based stroke rehabilitation has been shown to be effective in increasing motivation and functional performance in stroke patients. The new motion-sensing technology, Kinect, is cost effective and does not require the patient to wear sensors on the body, which increases freedom of movement. The objective of this study was to use Kinect technology to develop a VR stroke rehabilitation system with unilateral and bilateral tasks for recovering the function of the upper extremity. This study tested the feasibility, therapeutic effectiveness, and user acceptance of this technology. Two participants with various levels of motor severity received 30-minute stroke rehabilitation 3 times per week over 8 weeks (a total 24 training sessions). The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Test Évaluant la performance des Membres supérieurs des Personnes Âgées (TEMPA), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance (FMA) were used to collect data before and after rehabilitation, and during a follow-up to detect the changes of functional performance. Questionnaires of user acceptance of the technology were administered. On completion of the rehabilitation program, using the proposed Kinect-based VR training system, WMFT, TEMPA, and FMA results increased for both participants. The technology acceptance questionnaires indicated that participants had strong intentions to continue using the proposed system for rehabilitation. We developed the first Kinect-based stroke rehabilitation for the upper extremity, and demonstrated its feasibility and effectiveness in improving upper extremity function after a stroke. A large-scale study should be conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed system for stroke rehabilitation.


Between September 1997 and December 2000, 29 patients with pulmonary atresia associated with ventricular septal defect were undergone corrective surgery. The age at operation ranged from 24 days to 14.7 years. The 5 patients were younger than 3 months. The body weight at operation ranged from 1.5 kg to 35.8 kg. 10 patients had MAPCAs. 21 patients had been undergone modified Blolock-Taussig shunt and/or uniforcalization of pulmonary artery (PA). We could perform right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with ventriculo-arterial direct anastomosis in 19 patients (65%) (4/10; patients with MAPCAs, 3/5; younger than 3 months). We performed pulmonary angioplasty on stenotic and/or underdeveloped leasions as a concomitant procedure in 13/19 cases. Our technique is composed of 4 points, (1) fully mobilizing central and distal pulmonary artery (PA), (2) dissecting the PA with connective tissue together, (3) pulmonary arterial wall flap, (4) right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during cardiac arrest.


OBJECTIVE
To study the repair and function reconstruction of complex soft tissue defect of posterior of hand and forearm.

METHODS
From May 2001 to November 2003, 8 cases of soft tissue defect of posterior of hand and forearm were repaired with thoracico abdominal flaps with hilum for primary stage. The tendon transplantation and allogeneic tendon function reconstruction of hand were performed for secondary stage. The range of the flap was 9 cm x 15 cm to 12 cm x 38 cm. Allogeneic tendon amounted to 6.

RESULTS
All the flaps survived. The flap countour was good. The results of allogeneic tendon transplantation were satisfactory and the function of hand was good.

CONCLUSION
Repairing complex soft tissue defect of posterior of hand and forearm and reconstructing hand function by use of thoracico abdominal flaps with hilum and transplantation of allogeneic tendon have the satisfactory clinical results.


Hydrogeochemical investigation was carried out in groundwater of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. Geologically the study area is occupied with Archaean, Charnockite, Unclassified Genesis and Pleistocene Laterite formations. A total of 72 groundwater samples were collected spatially during North East Monsoon (NEM) in 2019 based upon the coverage of geological formations. The collected samples were studied for different physio-chemical parameters like pH, TDS and EC, major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and major anions (Cl, HCO3, SO4, PO4). EC and TDS ranges from 273 to 5869 mg/L and 194 to 4159 mg/L. The ionic dominance of the hydrochemical parameters follows in the order of Na > Ca > Mg > K and Cl > HCO3 > SO3 > PO4. The data represents two major hydrogeochemical facies of Ca-HCO3 and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl in the study region. The USSL classifications of samples signifies low alkali hazard and high to very high salinity hazard. The higher concentration of TDS and EC in the samples reflects the unsuitability of groundwater. According to the WHO drinking water quality standards and the value of SAR, RSC, Na% reflects the groundwater in the study region is more suitable for irrigation than drinking purpose. The statistical method also adopted to understand the major factors influencing the variation in hydrochemistry of the region. Weathering, leaching of salts and anthropogenic activities were identified to be the key governing factor in the varied groundwater chemistry of this region.


Prediction of lattice thermal conductivity is important to many applications and technologies, especially for high-throughput materials screening. However, the state-of-the-art method based on three-phonon scattering process is bound with high computational cost while semi-empirical models such as the Slack equation are less accurate. In this work, we examined the theoretical background of the commonly-used computational models for high-throughput thermal conductivity prediction and proposed an efficient and accurate method based on an approximation for three-phonon scattering strength. This quasi-harmonic approximation has comparable computational cost with many widely-used thermal conductivity models but had the best performance in regard to quantitative accuracy. As compared to many models that can only predict lattice thermal conductivity values, this model also allows to include Normal processes and obtain the phonon relaxation time.


Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neuropathy characterised by insidious onset, progressive course, proximal and distal symmetrical weakness, and sensory impairment. It may affect patients of any age with varying degrees of clinical involvement and response rates to existing treatments. Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands causing a sicca syndrome. It may affect the peripheral nervous system, usually causing painful small fibre or pure sensory axonal neuropathy, ganglioneuronopathy or a predominantly sensory CIDP. We report the case of a 71-year-old man diagnosed with a debilitating and difficult-to-treat CIDP who, 5 years later, developed SS with pulmonary involvement. Due to lack of response to treatments other than periodic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) every 12 days, we started adjuvant treatment with rituximab which increased the time interval between IVIg therapies by 50%, providing better quality of life for the patient.


This Viewpoint presents a perspective on recent successes, challenges and research opportunities in the catalytic reduction of renewable carbon feedstocks, such as CO2 and biomass. Operating a shift from petrochemistry to utilize sustainable carbon resources imposes the development of efficient reduction methods, able to promote the conversion of C-O bonds to C-H bonds in an energy and atom efficient manner. Current reductive processes based on the utilization of main group hydrides, H2, formic acid and Hantzsch esters are compared to highlight their potential and limitations. Catalysis is key in present and future developments of sustainable reductive transformations and the design of efficient catalytic systems is examined to overcome the challenges facing each class of reductant.


The clinical relevance of variant allele frequency (VAF) of recurrent mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been increasingly reported. However, the prognostic value of mutational VAF across the genetic spectrum of MDS has not been extensively evaluated. In this study, we profiled the mutational spectrum of 382 newly diagnosed MDS patients using targeted next-generation sequencing. Exploratory analysis found that mutational VAF of some genes including TET2, TP53, and SF3B1 had significant associations with patient survival. Specifically, TET2 VAF ≥ 32% (HR 1.69, P = 0.025) and TP53 VAF ≥ 27% (HR 3.58, P < 0.001) were independently associated with shorter overall survival (OS). In contrast, SF3B1 VAF ≥ 15% had an independent association with better prognosis (HR 0.52, P = 0.048). In addition, high TET2 VAF was associated with an increased response to hypomethylating agents relative to low TET2 VAF (P = 0.009). Patients with high TP53 VAF more often possessed complex karyotypes than those with low VAF (P = 0.034). And patients with high SF3B1 VAF were more frequently classified as MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) category than those with low VAF (P = 0.012). Meanwhile, we found that for some other genes like EZH2 and NRAS, once their mutations appeared, it meant poor survival regardless of mutational VAF. These findings suggest that mutational VAF of certain genes should be considered into the routine prognostic prediction and risk stratification of MDS patients.


Smart Identifier NETwork (SINET) is a clean-slate future Internet architecture, which has the superiority of perceiving real-time traffic matrix. We use traffic matrix as the constraint, model on load balancing routing problem, and transform the primal problem into dual problem by using Lagrange function. Therefore, the optimal objection of the dual problem can be easily achieved. In this paper, we propose a traffic matrix based load balancing routing scheme to achieve the optimization goal of the dual problem. We use OMNET++ to run the experiment simulation and the result shows that, compared with traditional routing scheme, the traffic matrix based load balancing routing could reduce congestion effectively and realize load balancing. Keywords—Smart Identifier NETwork (SINET); traffic matrix; routing optimization; Lagrange duality; load balance;


As systematic inequities in higher education and society have been brought to the forefront, graduate programs are interested in increasing the diversity of their applicants and enrollees. Yet, structures in place to evaluate applicants may not support such aims. One potential solution to support those aims is rubric-based holistic review. Starting in 2018, our physics department implemented a rubric-based holistic review process for all applicants to our graduate program. The rubric assessed applicants on 18 metrics covering their grades, test scores, research experiences, noncognitive competencies, and fit with the program. We then compared faculty's ratings of applicants by admission status, sex, and undergraduate program over a three-year period. We find that the rubric scores show statistically significant differences between admitted and non-admitted students as hoped and that statistically significant differences based on sex or undergraduate program aligned with known disparities in GRE scores and service work expectations. Our results then suggest rubric-based holistic review as a possible route to making graduate admissions in physics more equitable.


In order to quantify the effect of different reinforcement types on transfer lengths, an extensive study was conducted with the selected group of twelve different reinforcement types. These reinforcements are extensively used to produce concrete railroad ties across the world. These employed twelve (12) different types are of 5.32 mm diameter wires with different surface indent geometries. A research team from Kansas state university visited a PCI certified concrete tie manufacturing plant during January 2013. During the plant visit, four (4) concrete railroad ties were cast for each reinforcement type for a total of 48 ties. Considerable part of the study conducted at the plant was previously published by the authors. However for effective understanding, brief explanation of the tie manufacturing process will be presented in this paper. Strain measuring points were mounted on the bottom surface of a concrete railroad tie during the casting process. Proper measures were taken to safeguard these strain measuring points during loading. Transfer lengths were calculated using these mounted strain measuring points. Transfer length measurements were calculated at the plant, immediately after the application of prestressing forces to the concrete ties. After the casting process, two ties for each reinforcement type were stored at plant location for approximately one year and the remaining two ties (companion ties) for the each reinforcement types were shipped and stored at Kansas state university. Transfer length measurements were again calculated at this stage for all 48 ties. Ties stored at plant location were later subjected to cumulative in-track railroad loading of 85 million gross tons over six (6) months period of time. Whereas, the companion ties stored at Kansas state university were not subjected to any loading. Transfer lengths are calculated and compared at this stage and presented [4] in the past.Ties which were already subjected to 85 million gross tons were further loaded to cumulative total of 236.3 million gross tons and the companion ties stored at Kansas State University were not subjected to any loading. Transfer lengths for the ties (twenty four) that were subjected 263.3 million gross tons were calculated and presented in this paper with detailed explanation. Transfer length behavior under different magnitudes of loading is also presented along with the discussion.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


A family of highly repetitive elements, named LDT1, has been identified in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. The complete element is 5.4 kb in length and lacks long‐terminal repeats. The element contains two open reading frames with a significant amino acid sequence similarity to several non‐LTR retrotransposons. The first open reading frame contains a region that potentially encodes a polypeptide similar to DNA‐binding GAG‐like proteins. The second encodes a polypeptide resembling both endonuclease and reverse transcriptase sequences. All members of the LDT1 element family sequenced thus far have poly‐A tails or A‐rich tails of 12–18 nucleotides in length, but lack a poly‐A addition signal in the expected location. The amplification of retrotransposon insertion junction regions in different gypsy moth individuals indicates that polymorphisms exist at some of the insertion sites, suggesting that this element is or was, until recently, capable of transposition.


Amyloid plaques formation and oxidative stress are two key events in the pathology of the Alzheimer disease (AD), in which metal cations have been shown to play an important role. In particular, the interaction of the redox active Cu2+ metal cation with Aβ has been found to interfere in amyloid aggregation and to lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS). A detailed knowledge of the electronic and molecular structure of Cu2+-Aβ complexes is thus important to get a better understanding of the role of these complexes in the development and progression of the AD disease. The computational treatment of these systems requires a combination of several available computational methodologies, because two fundamental aspects have to be addressed: the metal coordination sphere and the conformation adopted by the peptide upon copper binding. In this paper we review the main computational strategies used to deal with the Cu2+-Aβ coordination and build plausible Cu2+-Aβ models that will afterwards allow determining physico...


As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article, which constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ATSDR 2000) into the scientific literature, focuses on the developmental and reproductive effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (PCBs) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. Profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8737] or E-mail: (email@example.com).


Nitrate accumulation in vegetables, which related well to vegetable nutrition, becomes one of the limiting factors of non-pollution vegetables production. Preference to nitrate is the nutritional characteristic of vegetables. Nitrate is absorbed by vegetables through high-affinity transport system (HATS) and low-affinity transport system (LATS), and is reduced and transformed under the effect of such essential elements as molybdenum, manganese, iron, copper, sulphur and phosphorus. In this paper, the effects of essential elements on nitrate absorption and reductive transform were reviewed, and the relationships of nitrate accumulation in vegetables with vegetable nutrition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and mid-and microelements as well as with balanced fertilization were discussed. The research keys in the field were prospected for controlling nitrate accumulation, improving vegetables' quality and producing non-pollution vegetables.


Indonesia as a country with a large population has challenges in being able to provide housing that applies a sustainable concept but still has to be affordable for the community. Therefore, this research aims to compare the implementation of the three pillars of sustainability from several Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment. The method used in this research is a comparative analysis in assessing the concept of sustainable in subsidized housing and descriptive analysis to provide suggestions for improving the sustainable application in subsidized housing. The assessment carried out by the researchers using direct observation, masterplan interpretation and satellite photo interpretation. The results of the assessment using the Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment of several countries on subsidized housing for Perumnas Parung Panjang obtained silver level from LEED, pass level from BREEAM and bronze level from Greenship. On the other hand, from the aspect of the three pillars of sustainability, it is known that the economic pillars (36.27%) and the environmental pillars (32.14%) have a lower percentage of variable fulfilment compared to the social pillars (61.59%), so that several corrective steps are needed to maximize the application of the concept of sustainable and obtained a better NSA assessment score.


Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared via phase inversion method. The effect of polymer concentration on the morphology of the fabricated membranes were studied. Furthermore, the effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP)was also studied on the filtration performance of biodiesel purification. The morphology of fabricated PES membrane was analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated that the PES membranes had skin layer on the membrane surface and pores layer on the bottom surface. The permeability coefficient (Lp) of PES membranes were about 21-40 L/m2.h. The Molecular Weight Cut Off (MWCO) test shows that the rejection of dextran solution with the molecular weight 18,8Kda was above 90%. The water contact angle of PES membranes was measured to know the hydrophilicity of PES membrane. The water contact angle was about 73oconfirmed that the PES membrane was hydrophobic. The increasing ofTrans-membrane Pressure (TMP) had a significant effect on the permeability of membrane which isthe permeability of biodiesel increases by increasing the TMP. The maximum of flux was obtained about 110 ml/sec


This paper focuses on the problem of generating human face pictures from specific attributes. The existing CNN-based face generation models, however, either ignore the identity of the generated face or fail to preserve the identity of the reference face image. Here we address this problem from the view of optimization, and suggest an optimization model to generate human face with the given attributes while keeping the identity of the reference image. The attributes can be obtained from the attribute-guided image or by tuning the attribute features of the reference image. With the deep convolutional network "VGG-Face", the loss is defined on the convolutional feature maps. We then apply the gradient decent algorithm to solve this optimization problem. The results validate the effectiveness of our method for attribute driven and identity-preserving face generation.


In this paper, the methods of modeling the complex discrete event robotic systems using Petri nets are considered, and a methodology of net model decomposition and coordination is presented for hierarchical and distributed control. The hierarchical net representation of robotic processes is effectively used for achieving a top-down interpretation down to the concrete lower level activities. The detailed net model is decomposed into subnets, and coordinated distributed control by local machine controllers is implemented on general PLCs. By the proposed method, modeling, simulation and control of complex robotic systems can be performed consistently using Petri nets.


Ulexite is one of the boron minerals used as a raw material in the production of boron compounds. It contains a substantial amount of hydration water. Using calcination methods, the B2O3 grade of ulexite can be increased. In this study, the effect of calcination temperature on dissolution kinetics of ulexite in ammonium chloride solutions was investigated in a batch reactor employing the parameters of concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio and reaction temperature. It was found that the dissolution rate increased with increasing concentration and reaction temperature and with decreasing solid-to-liquid ratio. The highest dissolution rate was obtained with the sample calcined at 413 K. It was determined that the dissolution rate fit to the second-order pseudo-homogeneous model. The activation energy of this dissolution process was found to be 64.3 kJ/moL.


In this study, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) heterogeneous/bilayered scaffold was constructed to repair large defects in rabbit joints. The scaffold includes two distinct but integrated layers corresponding to the cartilage and bone components. The upper layer consists of gelatin, chondroitin sulphate and sodium hyaluronate (GCH), and the lower layer consists of gelatin and ceramic bovine bone (GCBB). The two form a 3D bilayered scaffold (GCH–GCBB), which mimics the natural osteochondral matrix for use as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this novel scaffold, combined with chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to repair large defects in rabbit joints. Thirty‐six large defects in rabbit femoral condyles were created; 12 defects were treated with the same scaffold combined with cells (group A); another 12 defects were treated with cell‐free scaffolds (group B); the others were untreated (group C). At 6 and 12 weeks, in group A hyaline‐like cartilage formation could be observed by histological examination; the newly formed cartilage, which stained for type II collagen, was detected by RT–PCR at high‐level expression. Most of the GCBB was replaced by bone, while little remained in the underlying cartilage. At 36 weeks, GCBB was completely resorbed and a tidemark was observed in some areas. In contrast, groups B and C showed no cartilage formation but a great amount of fibrous tissue, with only a little bone formation. In summary, this study demonstrated that a novel scaffold, comprising a top layer of GCH, having mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage, and a bottom layer composed of GCBB, could be used to repair large osteochondral defects in joints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


MUHANA NURUL HIDAYAH. Redistilled Liquid Smoke from Oil-Palm Shells and Its Application as Natural Rubber Coagulant. Supervised by SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI and ADI CIFRIADI. Abundant oil-palm shells waste which is generated annually as the result of the increasing production of palm oil can be utilized as source of liquid smoke. The acidic property of liquid smoke shows its potency as natural rubber coagulant. The objectives of this study are to redistill liquid smoke at 80, 90, and 100 oC and also to examine the coagulation property of the RLS as compared to formic acid as a commercial coagulant. During redistillation, two collections of RLS were obtained from each temperature. The first collection was gathered at the first 5 min and the second one was gathered at the next 5 min. Each collection gave 5 L of RLS. The physical properties test showed that the RLS 100 oC from the second collection was recommended as the natural rubber coagulant. This coagulant produced Wallace plasticity value that met the the Indonesian standard and high plasticity retention index value. The assumption of constituents in RLS which can prevent the storage hardening in rubber was not proven.


In this paper the author considers a more realistic approach to the periodic Anderson model by including spin-orbit and crystal field effects using the slave-boson technique. Looking firstly at the degenerate case with appropriate spin orbit coupled bands, he shows that while for T=0 he obtains the same results as the 1/N approach there are differences when he extends to finite T or when he goes beyond the mean-field theory. He considers also crystal field splitting within the 1/N approach and show that this gives an anisotropic susceptibility in qualitative agreement with experiment. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling again does not affect the results at T=0.


The compensatory model of motivation and volition is based on the assumption that discrepancies between implicit and explicit motives lead to psychological conflict, and that resolution of this conflict requires volitional regulation and consumes volitional strength. This suggests that implicit/explicit motive discrepancies (IED) are responsible for decreases in volitional strength. A longitudinal field study with 82 managers was conducted to test this proposition. Results show that IED longitudinally predicted decreases in volitional strength. Furthermore, structural equation modeling revealed that volitional strength mediated the relation between IED and impaired subjective well-being. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, particularly with respect to volitional depletion.


Authors report results of two epidemiological studies concerning hypopharynx cancer. The first one is a part of the head and neck cancer registry of Northern France from 1984 to 1987. Hypopharynx tumors represent 18% of the 6019 registered tumors, 99% are squamous cell carcinoma; the annual european standardized incidence rate is 17.0 per 100,000 males and 0.5 per 100,000 females. The second one is a prospective study of 339 hypopharynx cancer patients: 1 out of 3 lives alone and 1 out 3 works at the moment of diagnosis. The average daily tobacco and alcohol consumption are 24 g and 128 g respectively, without any difference regarding professional exposures.


Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF) is a growth hormone inhibitory factor in the form of a 14- or 28-amino acid peptide. SRIF affects several physiological functions through its action on five distinct SRIF receptor subtypes (sst1-5). Native SRIF has only limited clinical applications due to its rapid degradation in plasma. To overcome this obstacle, we have developed glycosylated SRIF analogues that possess not only metabolic stability but also high affinity to all five receptor subtypes by attaching human complex-type oligosaccharides. Such glycosylated SRIF analogues with improved pharmacokinetic profiles could be potent and novel therapeutic drugs for SRIF-related diseases in which several SRIF receptor subtypes are closely involved, and also shed light on new indications. Our results show that chemical glycosylation can be a powerful tool for the development of peptide and protein analogues superior to the original molecules with enhanced drug properties.


We theoretically study in detail the hydrodynamic coupling of two equal-sized colloidal spheres at low Reynolds numbers assuming the particles to be harmonically trapped with respect to both their positions and orientations. By taking into account the rotational motion, we obtain a rich spectrum of collective eigenmodes whose properties we determine on the basis of pure symmetry arguments. Extending recent investigations on translational correlations [J.-C. Meiners and S. R. Quake, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2211 (1999)], we derive the complete set of autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions emphasizing the coupling of rotation to translation which we illustrate in a few examples. An important feature of our system is the self-coupling of translation and rotation of one particle mediated by the neighboring particle that is clearly visible in the appropriate autocorrelation function. This coupling is a higher-order effect and therefore not included in the widely used Rotne-Prager approximation for the hydrodynamic mobilities.


Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention. Monogastric species such as pigs and poultry can significantly contribute to global food security but these animals remain highly dependent on the supply of mineral inorganic P in their feeds. Pig and poultry, which represent 70% of the global meat production, are also major P excretors and thus represent important sources of environmental P inputs. Balancing the P cycle within farming systems is crucial to achieve P sustainable and resilient livestock production. Therefore, the interconnection of animal feed, livestock farming, manure, and soil/aquatic ecosystems requires multidisciplinary approaches to improve P management. With regard to a sustainable agricultural P cycle, this study addresses aspects of feeding strategies and animal physiology (e.g., phase feeding, P conditioning, liquid feeding, phytase supplementation, genetics), soil agroecosystems (e.g., P cycling, P losses, P gains), reuse and recycling (e.g., manure, slaughter waste), measures of farmers' economic performance (e.g., bio-economic models), and P governance/policy instruments (e.g., P quota, P tax). To reconcile the economic and ecological sustainability of animal husbandry, the strategic objective of future research will be to provide solutions for a sufficient supply of high-quality animal products from resource-efficient and economically competitive agro-systems which are valued by society and preserve soil and aquatic ecosystems.


The hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collector consists of a conventional photovoltaic (PV) module and an attached air flow channel with internal working fluid flowing to extract thermal energy from the PV module; therefore, the electrical efficiency of the PV module can be increased by reducing its operating temperature. This paper presents the comparison results of the predicted performances of single-pass and double-pass PV/T air heating collectors by using the developed simulation models.  Three types of PV/T collectors are considered: type A (the air flow channel is above the PV modules), type B (the air flow channel is under the PV modules) and type C (the air flow channels are above and under the PV modules).  Based on energy-balance equations, the mathematical models for each component in the PV/T collector, such as glass cover, air flow channel, PV/T absorber and back metal plate, have been developed.  Using the same meteorological data input, the simulated results indicate that the maximum electrical efficiencies of collectors type A, B and C are 4.6%, 5.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, while the thermal efficiencies of these collectors are up to 39%, 46%, and 59%, respectively.  It is obvious from the results that the configurations in the PV/T air heating collector have influences on their electrical and thermal performances.


This essay argues that Haywood used The Invisible Spy (1755) to lay bare narrative devices that she deployed in much of her amatory fiction as well as in her secret histories, and that distin - guished secret history from history, the spy from the spectator, and what Haywood called the "novel" from contemporary confessional forms of fictional writing. Haywood was making a po - lemical statement both about her own career and about the "novel" at the end of her life, at a moment when history and the novel were contending for supremacy on much the same ground. In doing so, Haywood highlights a key but neglected dimension of the history of the novel.


Pliny wrote of Babylon that "here the creator of the science of astronomy was". Excavations have shown this statement to be true. This book argues that the earliest attempts at the accurate prediction of celestial phenomena are indeed to be found in clay tablets dating to the 8th and 7th centuries BC from both Babylon and from Nineveh. The author carefully situates this astronomy within its cultural context, treating all available material from the relevant period, and also analysing the earlier astrological material and the later well-known ephemerides and related texts. A wholly new approach to cuneiform astral concerns emerges - one in which both celestial divination and the later astronomy are shown to be embedded in a prevailing philosophy dealing with the ideal nature of the early universe, and in which the dynamics of the celestial divination industry that surrounded the last Assyrian monarchs account for no less than the first recorded "scientific revolution". This work closely adheres to the original textual sources, and argues for the evolution on the basis of the needs of the ancient scholars and the internal logic of the divinatory and predictive systems employed. To this end, it offers, for the first time, a Mesopotamian contribution to the philosophy, and not only the history, of science.


Context: The circumcision is the most frequent procedure in paediatric surgery worldwide, performed for medical and ritual purposes. In developing countries, because of the difficult accessibility to healthcare, even a common procedure could be unsafe. Aims: The aim of the article is to compare the perioperative and anaesthesiological management of circumcision in children between two Italian and two sub-Saharan African hospitals. Materials and Methods: Medical records of paediatric circumcision from January 2014 to December 2016 have been reviewed. The involved hospitals were: Padua (Italy), Ferrara (Italy), Sao José em Bor (Guinea Bissau) and Yaoundé (Cameroun). Results: In Padua, 77 circumcisions were performed, 19 of these (24.6%) were ritual. In 75 children (97.4%), locoregional anaesthesia (LRA) together with sedation was used; only one complication (1.3%) occurred. In Ferrara, 200 interventions were done, 140 (70%) ritual; general anaesthesia was administered to 183 (93.5%) patients. There were five complications (2.5%). In Bissau, 53 procedures were performed, 21 (39.6%) ritual; in 34 children (64.1%), LRA with sedation was preferred. Two complications (3.8%) were reported. In Yaoundé, 60 children were circumcised, 15 (25%) for ritual purposes; in 51 (85%), only LRA was performed; there was only one (1.7%) complication. In the African hospital, no post-operative analgesia was administered. Conclusion: Despite the different anaesthesiological techniques, the study shows no difference in rate of complications for the in-hospital setting. Training of the local medical team in pain management and post-operative care should be emphasised.


In the canonical framework, we propose an alternative approach for the multifractal analysis based on the detrending moving average method (MF-DMA). We define a canonical measure such that the multifractal mass exponent τ(q) is related to the partition function and the multifractal spectrum f(α) can be directly determined. The performances of the direct determination approach and the traditional approach of the MF-DMA are compared based on three synthetic multifractal and monofractal measures generated from the one-dimensional p-model, the two-dimensional p-model, and the fractional Brownian motions. We find that both approaches have comparable performances to unveil the fractal and multifractal nature. In other words, without loss of accuracy, the multifractal spectrum f(α) can be directly determined using the new approach with less computation cost. We also apply the new MF-DMA approach to the volatility time series of stock prices and confirm the presence of multifractality.


The article discusses in detail the transmission of the seven eponymous Readings in ad-Dānī's two Qirāʾāt works: at-Taysīr and Jāmiʿ al-bayān. Comparing the transmissions in both books shows that ad-Dānī's classification of the Rāwīs, in terms of their number and identity, is different in both works. A timeline created for the Qirāʾāt works, so far available to us, before ad-Dānī shows that Abū ṭ-Ṭayyib Ibn Ghalbūn (d. 389/998) and his students from the Qayrawān school, might have been the first to instate the system of the fourteen riwāyas, which was canonized later on in at-Taysīr and ash-Shāṭibiyyah. A survey of the early Qirāʾāt works before and after ad-Dānī also shows that the mashriqī authors had not fully endorsed the two-Rāwī system and that they adopted a different classification of the Rāwīs, in terms of their number and identity.


The phenomenon of the absence of moral decadence and appropriate behavior such as violence, brawls, exclusivism, and a lack of tolerance and respect for others in all forms involving students is an ineffective model of education and function. The dysfunction is caused by not conveying the message desired by the teacher. Thus, this study aimed to describe the multicultural values-based teacher communication model in early childhood education institutions in rural areas. This research used a case study approach. This study indicates that the multicultural value-based teacher communication model in early childhood education institutions in rural areas is carried out in the form of verbal and non-verbal communication. In verbal communication, messages are conveyed verbally and in writing. Meanwhile, in the non-verbal communication process, the messages conveyed are in the form of persuasive power, coercive and reward power, personal imitation, and educative interactions vertically and horizontally


skilfully how Racine uses language in a theatrical way, emphasizing the actual or implied stage directions for both speaker and listener. Maskell's study is particularly valuable for the way in which it establishes comparisons with Racine's only comedy [Les Plaideurs), with the Greek tragedians and, not least, with Rotrou, whose works are more likely to have influenced his dramatic technique that those of his more immediate predecessors. In one sense, Maskell's analyses would seem to confirm the traditional Aristotelian interpretation of Racine [hamartia or error is made graphically evident to the audience through the drama). One can detect, however, a strong Cavean influence in what Maskell has to say about 'the alternative agenda' with its emphasis on sadism, recognition and melodrama (see Terence Cave, Recognitions: A Study in Poetics, Oxford, 1988). No work of this scope will leave the reader happy with every detail: there is a danger, for instance, in becoming so obsessed with searching for Racine's implied stage directions that one ignores the perspective of the character who, in some cases, is only apparently supplying them. Thus it is true that Qinone 'stresses the odious contempt with which Hyppolyte watched Phedre humiliate herself (65); but the members of the audience will be well aware that, for the majority of the confession scene at least, Hippolyte was embarrassed and anxious to depart, and then progressively more and more stunned rather than contemptuous. However, this reservation demonstrates how important it is for us all to indulge in an imaginative and, to use Maskell's terminology, a theatrical reading of Racine's texts. Maskell's richly suggestive, scholarly yet highly readable study should be the obligatory point de depart for all such readings.


The emergence of artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum intra-erythrocytic parasites has led to increasing treatment failure rates with first-line ART-based combination therapies in Southeast Asia. Decreased parasite susceptibility is caused by K13 mutations, which are associated clinically with delayed parasite clearance in patients and in vitro with an enhanced ability of ring-stage parasites to survive brief exposure to the active ART metabolite dihydroartemisinin. Herein, we describe a panel of K13-specific monoclonal antibodies and gene-edited parasite lines co-expressing epitope-tagged versions of K13 in trans. By applying an analytical quantitative imaging pipeline, we localize K13 to the parasite endoplasmic reticulum, Rab-positive vesicles, and sites adjacent to cytostomes. These latter structures form at the parasite plasma membrane and traffic hemoglobin to the digestive vacuole wherein artemisinin-activating heme moieties are released. We also provide evidence of K13 partially localizing near the parasite mitochondria upon treatment with dihydroartemisinin. Immunoprecipitation data generated with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies identify multiple putative K13-associated proteins, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident molecules, mitochondrial proteins, and Rab GTPases, in both K13 mutant and wild-type isogenic lines. We also find that mutant K13-mediated resistance is reversed upon co-expression of wild-type or mutant K13. These data help define the biological properties of K13 and its role in mediating P. falciparum resistance to ART treatment.


Key word: high ash fine slime; flotation column; secondary flotation Abstract: The content of high ash fine slime in raw coal of Shiguai area in Inner Mongolia is high, the load of flotation system of coal preparation plant is heavy and the flotation clean coal ash is difficult to meet the local standard lower than 15.00% thus resulting in a serious waste of slime resources. This paper took the primary slime of Guo Hui Coal Preparation Plant in Baotou, Inner Mongolia as the research object, small screening test of coal slime, batch flotation test, regressive release flotation test and flotation column test were undertaken. The results showed that when the required flotation clean coal ash was 15.00%, the theoretical clean coal yield was 24.66%, the tailing ash was 53.73%, the combustible recovery was 37.95% and the slurry floatability rank was determined to be extremely difficult to float; primary flotation clean coal ash of flotation machine or flotation column did not meet the requirement; flotation concentrate obtained by primary roughing and secondary concentration of flotation column can meet the requirement and the clean coal ash was 13.67% while the yield was 33.45%. The results can be used as reference for field production.


Planning is the most important function of management as it is the stage of planning when the main targets of the enterprise are determined and the assessment of the resources necessary for the targets implementation is made. The enterprise within its activities needs different types of resources, however the most important type of resources are financial resources as the availability of other types of resources as well as the opportunity to receive them always depends on the of financial opportunities. Planning of financial resources, determination of their optimum structure, the search of their sources is the most important task of financial management system and financial planning at the enterprise. Financial planning can be carried out with the use of various instruments, the most popular of which is the budgeting system. The advantage of budgeting is the absence of any strict established and fixed rules of planning and accounting as well as the opportunity to regulate forms and to determine indicators for the specific enterprise depending on its requirements. In this article the main features of the construction enterprises which influence the course and features of financial planning are considered. Also the requirements to the budgeting system imposed by the small construction enterprises at a stage of their formation to which, first of all, limitation of funds for planning and conducting the budget accounting belongs are considered in details. The integrated structure of budgets differing in the minimum set of the budget forms is offered as the decision. Some approximate forms of budgets are also developed and presented, however they can be adjusted depending on desire and requirements of the specific enterprise. Keywords: planning, financial planning, business plan, budget, budget management at the enterprise, the project budget, the budget of administrative expenses, the cost budget on salary. JEL Classifications: M21, M41


Many studies have proven that the function of educational institutions is not only to produce intellectual generations, but also to become a place to instill good values in the form of morals in order to answer the needs of society about their children's education to counteract the various influences of today's changes. This paper will try to describe the culture of character building and religious morals in the school environment. To answer the purpose of this study, the writer tries to review various literature related to education, especially the formation of religious moral character in the environment. The data collection process begins with data search, continues with analysis, evaluates and organizes the data into information that is ready to be compiled into a draft before being reviewed to see the suitability of the theme of this study based on the validity and reliability of the findings. The results of this review are efforts that can be made by an educational institution, including by building and shaping a religious culture in schools. The strategy for the formation of religious culture in schools can be done through a power strategy, persuasive strategy, and normative re-educative with exemplary approaches, habituation, reward and punishment and persuasive approaches. With this we can conclude that the religious culture developed in schools is an effort to form school members who have al-Karimah morals as the goal of national education, namely developing the potential of students to have religious spiritual strength and noble morals.


The present study is divided into (Ideological opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in the faith – Collection and Study) into two study parts that are preceded by (Altostery's sayings about the faith as in: working, intention, Sunna as well as increasing and decreasing of the faith ). The researcher has divided  this research into three demands. In first demand the paper posited the definition of faith in language and in idiom while in second demand shows Altostery's saies about the faith as in, working, intention and Sunna. In third demand the increasing and decreasing of faith as Altostery says.
The second research (The relationship between the faith and the Islam as Altostery says) that was divided into tree demand.
In first demand the paper showed endorsement in Islam and certainly in  faith as Altostery says, In the second demand Altostery includes identifying between the faith and Islam when they meet. The third demand is about Altostery sayings about the faith.

  the study ends with conclusion that has contained all important results of this study then followed with references.


In 1903, in Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing, Justice Holmes famously concluded that judges are ill-suited to make merit judgments when determining the eligibility for protection of works. Subsequent courts and commentators have generally followed his caution. Yet, no one has thought through how the copyright system would work were Justice Holmes not heeded. What if courts were called upon to determine the aesthetic merit of a work? How would they go about it? And would they be able to separate the gold from the dross by drawing upon an aesthetic evaluation of such kind? These questions inevitably arise upon reading some recent proposals to raise the originality threshold. Though it is rarely explicitly recognized, the reconfiguration that these proposals entails would effectively bring originality's meaning in copyright law more into line with how the term is used in aesthetics, where it is considered a function of the work's level of creativity, measured by its degree of departure from conventional expression. Drawing on the concept of domain from sociocultural studies of creativity, we explain just why it would be so enormously problematic for courts to identify and to apply a stricter originality criterion that would require them to make decisions on the basis of merit. By comparing the domain of copyright law to the domain of patent law, we argue that it is the latter's relative coherence and orderliness that enables patent examiners to get traction when assessing an invention's degree of non-obviousness. The cultural domain, by contrast, is less rule-bound, and therefore non-obviousness is much harder to establish and validate. Aesthetics — both as a set of cultural practices and products and as an academic discipline — are simply too het-


To address current difficulties of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that are reluctant to invest in information security due to cost, this paper intends to provide an information security management system that will allow SMEs to adopt efficient security measures. Information protection across the enterprise to organize activities such as ISO 27001 Safety Management System through long-term, sustainable security infrastructure to build, but the current information management system that protects personnel and budgets of small businesses under the circumstances when the use is difficult. Therefore, in this paper, the operating environment of small business information and analysis, and major threats, physical, human and technical threats from a variety of businesses to help strengthen the security level of information security management system was the establishment of research. Key-Words: Information Security, ISMS, SMEs, Security Level, ISO27001


Alcohol-oxidizing enzymes of the facultative methylotroph PAR were investigated after growth of the bacteria on methanol and ethanol. During methanol growth only a phenazine methosulfate-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was detected. This enzyme had broad specificity for primary alcohols and was also capable of oxidation of secondary alcohols. It had a molecular weight of 112,000, was composed of two subunits of equal molecular weight, and showed an absolute requirement for ammonium ion for activation. During ethanol growth this enzyme was absent and was replaced by a typical nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked alcohol dehydrogenase of molecular weight 150,000. The latter enzyme also had broad specificity but could not oxidize methanol. This enzyme was not found during methanol growth. These data show that the organism has two distinctly separate mechanisms for oxidation of alcohols.


Coincident Hodgkin's disease and pregnancy is rare and optimal management requires special consideration because usual treatment modalities are associated with significant risk to the developing fetus. We have experienced a 20 weeks pregnant woman with Hodgkin's disease. Combination chemotherapy with ABV (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine) 3 cycles were given during 2nd and 3rd trimester. She was de livered of a baby the 40 weeks of pregnancy without any problem. After delivery, she received additional 3 cycles of combination chemotherapy with ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine). Then, radiation treatment with Mantle technique, total 3,600cGy was performed. Finally, she reached the complete remission. After 12 months from the end of treatment, there was no evidence of recurrence and the baby are developing without any anomaly. (Korean J Hematol 2002; 37:307 311)


Correspondence P. Sumathi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract An edge map generation technique based on two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform with sliding and hopping windows is proposed for road images to detect the lanes and road markings. A 2 × 2 sliding/hopping window DFT with bin indices (k1, k2 = 0, 1) for horizontal edge detection and (k1, k2 = 1, 0) for vertical edge detection has been proposed. The 2-D SDFT/HDFT-based edge detector has been proved to be more efficient for lane and road marking images in comparison with conventional edge detectors and cellular neural network based edge detectors. In the presence of noise and various signal to noise ratio conditions, the horizontal and vertical edges have been efficiently recovered with good Pratt figure of merit without applying any pre-processing, noise removal process, and post processing techniques. The PFOM was found to be quite stable with wide threshold range for various noise levels. The consistent performance of the proposed edge detector is proved with MSE and PSNR determination of detected edge images. Moreover, the proposed 2-D SDFT/HDFT-based edge detector performs well in developing edge maps for real-time road videos. The system-on-chip implementation of the 2-D SDFT/HDFT edge detector on Cyclone IV FPGA chip is also carried out for detecting the lane and road markings.


Abstract Wood products for exterior residential applications have long been protected with metallic preservatives. However, environmental and disposal concerns and governmental regulations have resulted in a growing trend to employ organic systems based on relatively benign and expensive agrochemicals. To develop organic preservatives that have increased efficacy and lower cost, various groups are studying the biocidal and non-biocidal properties of extractives present in naturally durable heartwoods. In this study, we determined the fungicidal, free radical scavenger/antioxidant, metal chelation and Fe3+ reducing properties of some flavones and flavonoid analogs and chromones. The results support our earlier hypothesis that the abiotic antioxidant, Fe3+ reduction and subsequent metal complexation properties, in combination with the extractives' fungicidal properties, all have a role in natural durability. Consequently, it may be possible to employ non-biocidal additive(s) with the above abiotic properties to enhance the efficacy of the relatively expensive organic agrochemicals used to protect wood.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its highly heterogeneous nature. The most common clinical manifestations include difficulty with social interaction and the presence of repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. Females are more likely to be misdiagnosed or have a delayed diagnosis compared to males. Other factors that contribute to delayed diagnosis include low socioeconomic status and belonging to an ethnic minority. In pediatrics, the goal of ASD screening is to diagnose ASD earlier, with timely referral to early intervention services, so that better long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes can be achieved. Moreover, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with ASD. While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-4) prohibited a co-diagnosis of autism and ADHD, the DSM-5 has modified exclusion criteria to allow such. This case describes a minority adolescent male patient who presented initially with complex ADHD, who upon extensive evaluation, was ultimately diagnosed with co-existing autism. This patient's diagnosis of ASD at the age of 14 in the setting of a pre-existing complex ADHD diagnosis demonstrates how symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity may convolute underlying or newly emerging social interaction difficulties. We highlight how children who are diagnosed with ADHD should be screened or evaluated for autism in the right clinical setting, such as evident persistence of social interaction impairment despite ADHD treatment.


Aim Many carers of individuals with dementia experience high levels of grief before and after the death of the person with dementia. This study aimed to determine the usefulness, acceptability, and relevance of an animation developed to raise awareness to grief experienced by carers of people with dementia. Methods This research had a cross-sectional survey design. We contacted carers of people with dementia over the phone or email. Participants evaluated the animation through an online or paper-based survey. We used descriptive statistics and analysed qualitative data using thematic analysis. We required a sample of 40 carers to adequately power the study with a target of 75% of carers finding the animation useful, acceptable, and relevant. Results 31/78 carers approached evaluated the animation. Ninety-four percent of participants found the animation relevant to their situation, meeting our target. However, we fell short of this target for usefulness (68%) and acceptability (73%). The qualitative responses suggested that participants felt the animation could help improve the understanding of grief among carers, family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Carers also shared that the animation would be most useful for carers of newly diagnosed people with dementia. Conclusion Most carers of people with dementia in this study reported that the animation was useful, acceptable, and relevant. Dissemination of the resource may be useful for the majority of carers, with the caveat that a few carers may find it distressing and need to be referred for further support.


A generalized thermo-elastic diffusion problem in a functionally graded isotropic, unbounded, rotating elastic medium due to a periodically varying heat source in the context of fractional order theory is considered in our present work. The governing equations of the theory for a functionally graded material with GNIII model are established. Analytical solution of the problem is derived in Laplace-Fourier transform domain. Finally, numerical inversions are used to show the effect of rotation, non-homogeneity and fractional parameter on stresses, displacement, chemical potential, mass distribution, temperature, etc. and those are illustrated graphically.


We describe the first monolithically integrated tunable optical packet forwarding chip in InP. The chip consists of a differential Mach-Zehnder interferometer SOA 40 Gbps wavelength converter integrated with Mach-Zehnder modulator for 10 Gbps label modulation. (2 pages)


The Berriasian-Valanginian Taraises Formation in the subsurface of northeastern Mexico consists of an intercalation of argillaceous limestone and shale. This formation is divided into two members, based on lithologic characteristics defined from electric and radioactivity logs from oil wells in northeastern Mexico. In addition, two small ammonite groups of the subfamily Olcostephaninae (upper Valanginian) collected at Potrero de Garca, Nuevo Len, northeastern Mexico, are described: (1) Capeloites neoleonense n. sp. and (2) Garcites potrerensis n. gen. and sp. and G. cavernensis n. gen. and sp. The presence of Dichotomites (Dichotomites) sp. in the same beds supports an late Valanginian age for these strata. One specimen of Capeloites obtained from a core of the La Laja-8 well, south of Tampico City, eastern Mexico, designates an late Valanginian age for the interval drilled (2556-2562 m) in the so-called Lower Tamaulipas Formation in this area. Global geographic distribution of Capeloites is restricted to France, Spain, and Peru; its presence in Mexico supports a biogeographic link between Europe and America.


Date Presented 4/20/2018 This study examined the relationship between balance and daily living skills (DLS) in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Using an exploratory correlational study design, the study found a significant relation between balance and DLS measures only in younger children with below-average IQ. Primary Author and Speaker: Sagui Lutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Brittany G. Travers, Kristin Lillie, Robyn Geist


The role of ovarian hormones, nitric oxide, and their interaction on learning and memory has been widely investigated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of acute (A) and chronic (C) L-arginine (L-Arg) administration on learning and memory in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. Forty-five rats were divided into six groups: 1) sham, 2) OVx, 3) sham-L-Arg-A, 4) OVx-L-Arg-A, 5) sham-L-Arg-C, 6) OVx-L-Arg-C. The animals of sham-L-Arg-A and OVx-L-Arg-A were acutely treated with 500 mg/kg of L-Arg during 5 test days. Sham-L-Arg-C and OVx-L-Arg-C chronically received 500 mg/kg/day of L-Arg during 8 weeks before 5 test days. The animals in sham and OVx groups received 1 ml/kg saline instead of L-Arg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were tested in Morris water maze and the escape latency and traveled path to reach the platform were compared between groups. Results showed that the escape latency and traveled path in OVx group were significantly higher than in sham group ( p <0.05). The animals in OVx-L-Arg-A group had significantly lower traveled path length and escape latency compared to OVx group ( p <0.001). Chronic treatment by L-Arg had no significant effect on learning and memory in OVx and sham-operated animals. It seems that L-Arg has a role in Morris water maze tasks disturbances in OVx rats but it needs to be further investigated.


satellite technology and its Earth-oriented applications have evolved enormously since the early days of the space age. In the early 1960s, the potential of satellites to contribute to international communications and national and regional weather forecasting was quickly recognized, and the first experimental satellites were launched. The benefits of the early experiments were sufficiently convincing that operational communication and meteorological satellite systems were functioning by the mid-1960s. Remote sensing, which posed more difficult technological problems, began experimentally in the early 1970s and quickly became technologically operational, although there are still organizational questions concerning operational satellite remote sensing that need to be resolved. The papers in this volume describe work currently underway in the further development of satellite technology and Earth-oriented applications. They include developments in communications, meteorology, and remote sensing in a variety of developed and developing countries. The field of satellite technology and applications is so vast today that such a collection of papers cannot begin to cover the full range of activities, but can only offer some highlights of current work. Nonetheless, the collection as a whole does accurately reflect a number of aspects of the international structure of technological development.


Strategic management is considered as a form of management that is effective in the success of the enterprises and ensures its effectiveness in sustainable competition. Institutionalization is a long-term work that enables the enterprise that derives its foundation from institutional economics to make its environment active, to ensure sustainability, to reduce uncertainties and to live as a social entity. In the literature review, it was observed that there were few studies examining the relationship between strategic management and institutionalization. From this point of view, this study aims to answer the basic research question "Is there a relationship between strategic management and institutionalization? Buradan. In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between institutionalization and strategic management in enterprises. The basic hypothesis put forward in the study; H1: There is a positive relationship between strategic management and institutionalization. The study is an empirical research. In this study, survey technique was used as data collection tool. 212 return was obtained from the employees of the banking sector enterprises in Isparta province determined by simple random method. Analyzes were made based on the obtained returns. According to the results of regression analysis, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between strategic management and institutionalization.


Pituitary adenoma originates from adenohypophysial cells producing various pituitary hormones. Some of pituitary adenomas are associated with pathological states including primary hypothyroidism, Nelson's syndrome, hypothalamic hormone-producing tumors, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, McCune-Albright syndrome and transgenic animals transfected with hypothalamic hormones (HP). These facts suggest that excessive secretion of HP induces hyperplasia of the adenohypophysial cells, leading to adenoma by additive effects of other unknown factors. The majority of the pituitary adenomas are associated with de novo genetic changes in the adenohypophysial cells, which induce growth factor independent proliferation and clonal expansion of the tumor cells, due to mutation of Gsa gene, activation of hst gene, expression of growth factors (HP, AT II, bFGF), loss of heterozygosity or loss of imprinting.


The first use of extracorporeal circulation in Italy occurred in 1951 in Turin. In the 1960s only 12 heart surgery centers were using extracorporeal circulation to treat patients, and health professionals had to complete their training abroad. During the last 50 years, Italian cardiac anesthesia has become a branch of major importance, and it has experienced a constantly growing number of active centers and professionals. Today, about 50,000 cardiac surgeries are performed every year in approximately 100 centers. Many results have been achieved during this period, thanks to the contribution of several pioneers. In this article, the history of Italian cardiac anesthesia and the role of Italian anesthesiologists in the development of this subspecialty in Italy and Europe are reviewed.


The admission by the Greek government on October 18 2009 of large scale accounting fraud in its national accounts sparked an unprecedented sovereign debt crisis that rapidly spread to the Eurozone s weakest member states As the crisis increasingly drove a wedge between a seemingly resilient Eurozone core and its faltering periphery its first collateral victims were the private banks of the hardest hit sovereigns They were rapidly followed by the rest of the Eurozone s banks as a result of their large exposure to not only their home country s sovereign debt but also to the debt securities of other member states Measuring each bank s precise exposure to every sovereign issuer became a key issue for credit analysis in the attempt to assess the potential impact of a selective sovereign default if worse came to worst Yet finding that information in a timely manner is hardly an easy task as banks are not required to disclose it Building on the efficient market hypothesis in the presence of informed traders we tested the sensitivity of each of the largest Eurozone private banks CDSs to sovereign CDSs using a simple autoregressive model estimated by time series regressions and panel regressions comparing the results to news releases to assess its reliability Eventually we used the Oaxaca Blinder decomposition to measure whether the unconventional monetary policies namely the LTRO and the OMT that the ECB has implemented to stem the crisis have helped banks directly or whether banks were actually helped by the reduction in sovereign CDS spreads


Contemporary challenges for enterprise document management (EDM) include managing a mixture of technologies, recognizing the needs of several user roles and groups, and pursuing effective processes utilizing documents in a digital form. Responding to these challenges means gathering and scrutinizing organizational metadata describing the organization's information resources. Despite the volume of metadata research in general, there continues to be a dearth of studies on metadata in the field of digital documents in the organizational context. We suggest that an analysis of organizational metadata for EDM can be based on scrutinizing genres of organizational communication. The paper reports an action research project, in which this approach has its origin. Many of the genres that were identified in the target organization were implicit and implemented by heterogeneous means, i.e. "soft". In general, an organization should be aware of the continuous evolution of its document genres and should not allow an EDM system to freeze future evolution. An explicit organizational genre repertoire including metadata about the genres, is a solid basis for the design of an EDM system. As such, the action research cycle reported here represents the first attempt towards a practice-oriented method for gathering and scrutinizing genre based metadata for EDM development.


For the high-order harmonic generation in solids, we find a distinct and clean interference pattern in the high-energy part of the spectrum which can be interpreted as a Michelson interferometer of the Bloch electron. Our results are achieved by a numerical solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation of the quasi-electron in solids and can be explained by an analytical model based on the principle of the Michelson interferometry. The present study deepens our understanding of the HHG mechanism in crystalline materials and may find potential applications in imaging of the dispersion relation or topological structure of the energy bands in solids.


In today"s era of well improved structure, demands in modern and new technology growth rapidly since it contributes a significant contribution in much kind of aspects. One of the most important and frequently used is the wireless communication system. In wireless communication system, Bluetooth has established itself as one of the vital communication system. In general, Bluetooth communication system lets users make effortless and fast connections between two devices or more. Due to low cost, low power consumption and short-range radio link, it is affordable for consumers to have it. Furthermore, there are many smartphones being produces which has the Bluetooth connectivity built-in the devices. The main objective of this project is to control the navigation of a mobile robot which is used as a prototype for an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) through Bluetooth communication system by using Android smartphone. This project will apply the wireless connection provided by Bluetooth and be able to control the AGV from smartphone. The structure for this project is divided into two main parts which is hardware and software. In hardware part, the Arduino microcontroller is used in order to enable the Bluetooth connection in 10 meters radius. In order to control the navigation of the mobile robot, an Android application is develop by using MIT App Inventor 2 software in software part. This project uses the hand gestures to move the mobile robot instead of pressing the keypad. The experimental result shows that when the human hand is moved towards certain gestures, then the robot tyre is moving towards the decided direction. All in all, the mobile robot is able to navigate following the instruction of the hand gestures.


Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating disorder that is prevalent in pediatric populations. Due to the high prevalence and poor prognosis if left untreated, research into the effectiveness and efficacy of psychological and pharmacological treatments has expanded. Accompanying efforts to disseminate such treatments to practitioners has significantly lagged behind, resulting in many children and adolescents diagnosed with OCD not receiving appropriate treatment. This review discusses the current literature on pharmacological and psychological treatments of pediatric OCD, with emphasis on two empirically supported treatment modalities for children and adolescents: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (E/RP), and pharmacotherapy (serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SRIs] and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]). Discussion about the nature of these interventions, clinical challenges, and future areas for study are included.


In legume-specific rhizobial symbiosis, host plants perceive rhizobial signal molecules, Nod factors, by a pair of LysM receptor-like kinases, NFR1/LYK3 and NFR5/NFP, and activate symbiotic responses through the downstream signaling components also required for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Recently, the rice NFR1/LYK3 ortholog, OsCERK1, was shown to play crucial roles for AM symbiosis. On the other hand, the roles of the NFR5/NFP ortholog in rice have not been elucidated, while it has been shown that NFR5/NFP orthologs, Parasponia PaNFR5 and tomato SlRLK10, engage in AM symbiosis. OsCERK1 also triggers immune responses in combination with a receptor partner, OsCEBiP, against fungal or bacterial infection, thus regulating opposite responses against symbiotic and pathogenic microbes. However, it has not been elucidated how OsCERK1 switches these opposite functions. Here, we analyzed the function of the rice NFR5/NFP ortholog, OsNFR5/OsRLK2, as a possible candidate of the OsCERK1 partner for symbiotic signaling. Inoculation of AM fungi induced the expression of OsNFR5 in the rice root, and the chimeric receptor consisting of the extracellular domain of LjNFR5 and the intracellular domain of OsNFR5 complemented the Ljnfr5 mutant for rhizobial symbiosis, indicating that the intracellular kinase domain of OsNFR5 could activate symbiotic signaling in Lotus japonicus. Although these data suggested the possible involvement of OsNFR5 in AM symbiosis, osnfr5 knockout mutants were colonized by AM fungi similar to the wild-type rice. These observations suggested several possibilities including the presence of functionally redundant genes other than OsNFR5 or involvement of novel ligands, which do not require OsNFR5 for recognition.


Electro-medical equipment is widely used in order to treat bony and muscular disorders and some neurological disease in rehabilitation. However, the scientific evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of this equipment is meagre and contradictory. We have studied the subject, taking into account current regulations for the management and use of this electro-medical equipment. Following the criteria for Evidence Based Medicine, we have analysed the international literature so as to evaluate the evidence for physical energy in different clinical applications. Because the vast quantity of publications dealing with this material, priority was given to peer-reviewed articles and randomised trials. The publications were divided into categories according to disorder, so as to illustrate how some may provide positive proof whereas others require further study.


Microstrip ring resonator (MRR) is known for dielectric constant determination and many studies used Teflon as a standard sample. However, there are many other materials available which able to perform better or equivalence as the Teflon in calibrating certain dielectric constant measurement. This paper presents simulation of the MRR to investigate frequency shift of materials for dielectric constant estimation using the CST STUDIO SUITE 2016 software. The MRR was designed on RT/Duroid®5880 substrate (er = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0004) with 50 Ω matching impedance where microstrip width, substrate thickness and ring mean radius were 4.893, 1.575 and 14 mm, respectively to resonate at 2.65340 GHz. Teflon, Polyimide, Isola FR408, Arlon AD250, Arlon AD270 and Gil GML1032 were alternately selected to be placed on top of the MRR as a standard sample to obtain the frequency shift. The frequency shifts for the above materials were 2.56932, 2.46149, 2.44680, 2.53748, 2.52007 and 2.48608 GHz, correspondingly. The differences in frequency shift were used in NetBeans IDE 8.1 algorithm of Java for dielectric constant calculation. The results indicated that Polyimide and Arlon AD250 had the lowest and highest mean percentage error of 0.83536 and 1.76505 %, respectively. Hence, Polyimide might as well be the most suitable candidate as a standard sample in MRR technique for dielectric constant measurement.


Dino Lab is a serious game designed to explore the potential of using games in scientific domains to support critical thinking. Through collaborations with educators and scientists at the Natural History Museum of Utah (NHMU), game designers and learning scientists at the University of Utah, and Title I middle school teachers and students, the authors have developed a beta version of Dino Lab that supports critical thinking through engagement in a simulation-based game. Dino Lab is organized around four key game stages that incorporate high-level goals, domain-specific rule algorithms that govern legal plays and resulting outcomes, embedded reflection questions, and built-in motivational features. Initial play testing has shown positive results, with students highly engaged in strategic game play. Overall, results suggest that games that support critical thinking have strong potential as student-centered, authentic activities that facilitate domain-based engagement and strategic analysis.


Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, articles 3.3 and 3.4 stipulate that some voluntary activities leading to an additional carbon (C) sequestration in soils could be accounted as C sinks in national greenhouse gas inventories. These additional C stocks should be verifiable. In this work, we assess the feasibility of verifying the effects of changes in land use or management practice on soil organic carbon (SOC), by comparing minimum detectable changes in SOC concentration for existing European networks suitable for soil monitoring. Among the tested scenarios, the minimum detectable changes differed considerably among the soil‐monitoring networks (SMNs). Considerable effort would be necessary for some member states to reach acceptable levels of minimum detectable change for C sequestration accounting. For SOC, a time interval of about 10 years would enable the detection of some simulated large changes in most European countries. In almost all cases, the minimum detectable change in SOC stocks remains greater than annual greenhouse gases emissions. Therefore, it is unlikely that SMNs could be used for annual national C accounting. However, the importance of organic C in soil functions, and as an indicator of soil condition and trends, underlines the importance of establishing effective national SMNs.


Abstract Algae are common all over the Earth. Due to their rich chemical composition and content of bioactive substances they have been used in many fields of industry. Their gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties have led to the development of such products as agar, alginate and carrageenan. Moreover, algae are used in the food industry as food supplements and an addition to functional food. Algae are also added to meat products, such as pasty, steaks, frankfurters and sausages, as well as to fish, fish products, and oils, to improve their quality. Cereal-based products, such as pasta, flour and bread, are another group of products enriched with algae. Due to their properties algae may also be used for construction of fermented functional food. Fermented products containing algae are, most of all, dairy products, such as cheese, cream, milk deserts, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and processed cheese. Combination of fermented products offering a high content of lactic acid bacteria with algae possessing biologically active metabolites of natural origin allows not only to compose products with a high content of nutrients, but also to create a brand new segment of fermented food.


insightful analysis of Nigeria ' s paradox of democracy with no dividends, and o ff ers some practical suggestions for dealing with this quagmire. Nigeria swims in a sea of crushing poverty, serious leadership dysfunction, and state failure where violence of one kind or another is the norm of the day in the nation due to the political class ' s inability to fi nd a moral compass and govern well. The author shows how the majority of Nigerians are at the receiving end of the resulting misery and poverty which raises pertinent questions about the essence of democracy. The book details and explains the causes of Nigerians ' worsening conditions, including their rising levels of poverty, inequality, and unemployment, while the particularly who have wealth instead of providing of the general populace, ts democracy themselves. The author criticised the ironic undermining of Nigeria ' s democracy by the same group of individuals (the political elite) primary bene fi ciaries. The author thus investigates the necessity of the Nigerian democracy ' s retreat and o ff ers plausible explanations for why democracy has not consolidated in ways that result in meeting the devel-opment yearnings of Nigerians and Nigeria.


A checklist of 237 species of orchids recorded from the state of Uttarakhand, India, is provided. Of these 127 are terrestrial, 99 epiphytic and 11 saprophytic. The present study shows that Poneorchis nana (King & Pantl.) Soo is a new record for Uttarakhand. Bulbophyllum secundum Hook. and Eulophia hormusjii Duthie that have earlier been merged into other species, during the present study after detailed scrutiny, have been treated as separate species. Androcorys pugioniformis (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) K.Y. Lang. has been rediscovered after a century gap. Nomenclature has been updated as far as possible with the help of available recent taxonomic literature.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the in vivo degradation process of human hair keratin (HHK) scaffold after implantation in rabbits.

METHODS
Seven New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups including a control group and 3 operation groups. HHK scaffold was implanted, after partial resection of the skeletal muscles, in rabbits of the 3 operation groups, followed by observation 1, 3, and 6 weeks later respectively. Routine morphological observation, histochemistry with ubiquitin and electron microscopy were performed. HHK scaffold incorporated 3 types of HHK with different degradation speeds, respectively designated types F, B, and Z.

RESULTS
Light microscopic observation revealed that human hair cuticles began to strip off at the first postoperative week, and the material was homogeneous on the surface of which macrophagocytes and multinuclear giant cells adhered. At the third week HHK scaffold was degraded into particles as seen under electron microscope and was phagocytosed by macrophagocytes and multinuclear giant cells. Ubiquitin enzymatic histochemistry demonstrated that macrophagocytes, multinuclear giant cells were positive at the first week. At sixth week, further degradation of HHK scaffold occurred when newly generated muscles were seen beside the HHK.

CONCLUSIONS
HHK scaffold is initially degraded extracellularly by ubiquitin system into particles, which are phagocytosed by the cells and degraded by the cooperation of lysosome and ubiquitin; meanwhile the satellite cells are activated, beginning to proliferate and eventually fused into newly generated muscle fibers.


As compared with the Miniplate (LEIBINGER), the Microplus plate (LEIBINGER) is very small and thin, and the screw is short. Therefore, more than 2 plates can be used for the reduction of mandibular condylar fractures. We used a Microplus titanium plating system for mandibular condylar fractures. Seven patients (4 males and 3 females) 14 to 72 years of age (mean, 36.9 years) were treated. The duration of maxillo-mandibular fixation was 0 to 28 days (mean, 16.9 days). The plates broke in 4 patients afterr elease of the fixation. In these patients, however, dislocation and displacement of the condylar fragments were minimal, and no dysfunction of mouth opening occurred.


In the present study, a new micellar nano LC-UV was, for the first time, reported for the separation and determination of five anions (chloride, nitrite, bromide, sulfate and nitrate) in 52 honey samples. Based on this approach, a graphene oxide-based monolithic column was prepared and applied for the samples. Various amounts of hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (HTAB) in the mobile phase were used in order to optimize the separation conditions. The baseline separation was achieved using mobile phase with 25/75% (v/v) ACN/10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3.4, while the amount of HTAB was optimized as 0.22 mM in the mobile phase. The whole method was validated and it leads to high sensitivity. The LOD values were found in the range of 0.02-0.22 µg/kg, while LOQ values were found in the range of 0.06-0.18 µg/kg. The method allowed to achieve sensitivity analyses of anionic content in 52 honey samples. All data were evaluated using a new algorithm for geographic origin discrimination. K-nearest neighbor algorithm (K-NN), cubic support vector classifier (K-DVS), and K-Mean cluster analysis were used for geographic origin discrimination of honeys. The accuracy of the whole model was calculated as 94.4% with the K-DVS method. The samples from five provinces were classified 100% correctly, while two of them were classified with one misclassification, with an accuracy of 89.9% and 83.3%, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The new platforms and advanced technologies are crucial for advanced food analysis. In this article, a novel methodology was attempted for the determination of geographic origin of 52 honey samples. In this sense, micellar nano LC technique with a homemade monolithic nano-column was, for the first time, applied for the anion analysis using a new algorithm.


This Research Work in Progress paper describes the analysis of a rich dataset of student satisfaction with individual lab teaching sessions. In the department of Multidisciplinary Engineering Education, University of Sheffield, a team of dedicated staff design and deliver a range of practical activities across engineering disciplines. Each laboratory activity is meticulously planned and designed, but the broader environmental factors of large scale practical teaching (e.g. class size, timing etc.) are generally fixed, constrained or not considered. Broad module surveys can capture free-form feedback, but this data lacks the granularity to explore individual lab sessionsTo measure instant student satisfaction with every individual laboratory activity, data was gathered using tablet computers situated at the exits to the laboratory. Students were invited to rate their satisfaction on leaving the session using a 4-point "smiley-face" scale. Over 6 weeks, 95 individual lab sessions were captured, covering three different teaching environments: a 144 seat electronics lab, a 15 seat motors and machines lab, and a teaching cleanroom. The simplicity of the response method elicited a reasonable overall response rate of 43%Although the 4 point rating scale does not permit in-depth analysis of the reasons for each student's feedback, whether positive or negative, it does allow a search for correlation between a range of environmental factors. The effect of the number of students per session, and number of students per postgraduate teaching assistant on student satisfaction is considered. The effects of time of day, day of week and duration of session are also explored, alongside the timekeeping of the session e.g. did the laboratory activity take longer or shorter than the timetabled duration. Due to the multidisciplinary engineering teaching approach, the same lab session is often delivered to several different discipline cohorts and years of study - their relative satisfaction with the same practical activity is compared.


This was a prospective and interventional type of study conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka from July 2010 to December 2010 with a sample size of 30 to observe the presenting feature, radiological findings and complications of burrhole aspiration of intracerebral haematoma by using urokinase. Purposive Sampling technique was used using a semi-structured data collection sheet designed for this study. Equipments used for the study were CT Scan, Soft catheter' and Standard burrhole instrument. It was observed that 73% of the cases were within 9-12 GCS. Basal ganglion was involved in about 77% cases while fronto parietal lobe was involved in only 3% cases. CT scan revealed that half [15 (50.00%)] of the patients' haematoma was in the left hemisphere. Without considering the volume of extension into the ventricles, the average intracerebral haematoma volume was 41.43 ml and the volume ranged from 20.0 to 80.0 ml. 18 (60.0%)] of the patients' had ventricular extension of the haematoma. Three-fifth of the haematomas were complicated with ventricular extension. More than one-fourth of the patients [8 (26.67%)] died before 3rd POD. In a single (3.33%) patient GCS decreased. Out of the remaining 21 cases, GCS increased 1 to 5 points. Pneumocephalous was the complication in about 17% cases, while accidental catheter withdrawal and aspiration pneumonia were the complications in about 7% each. It was revealed that 50% deaths were due to respiratory failure and all these deaths were before 3rd POD. Involvement of different areas of the cerebral hemisphere had strong association in outcome, when only death was considered; i.e. only 14.3% patients with cortical haematoma died on the contrary, 85.7% patients with ICH in the basal ganglia with ventricular extension (3 or more ventricles) died. Early treatment (within 24 hours of occurrence) by using minimally invasive technique and clot removal by urokinase mediated clot lysis can improve the consequences especially those with haematoma volume <40 ml, lobar haematoma and without ventricular extension. Research Article Citation: Nazrul Hossain M, Zerin Eva I, Ahmad J, et al. Clinical and Radiological Presenting Features and Post-Operative Complications of Intracerebral Haematoma by Burrhole Operation Using Urokinase. J Med Clin Res & Rev. 2017; 1(2): 1-5.


Summary The stability of platelet aggregates is influenced by the extent of the release of granule contents; if release is extensive and aggregation is prolonged, deaggregation is difficult to achieve. The relative importance of the contributions of released substances to aggregate stability are not known, although stable thrombin-induced aggregates form in platelet-rich plasma from patients with barely detectable plasma or platelet fibrinogen, and ADP stabilizes thrombin-induced aggregates of platelets from patients with delta storage pool deficiency which otherwise deaggregate more readily than normal platelets. We degranulated platelets with thrombin (0.9 U/ml caused greater than 90% loss of delta and alpha granule contents) and recovered them as individual platelets in fresh medium. The degranulated platelets were reaggregated by thrombin (2 U/ml). To prevent continuing effects of thrombin, FPRCH2C1 was added when thrombin-induced aggregation of thrombin-degranulated platelets reached its maximum. EDTA (5 mM) or EGTA (5 mM) added at maximum aggregation did not deaggregate these platelets, indicating that the stability of these aggregates does not depend on Ca2+ in the medium. Whereas with control platelets a combination of PGE1 (10 μM) and chymotrypsin(10 U/ml) was required for deaggregation, with thrombin-degranulated platelets either PGE1 or chymo-trypsin alone caused extensive deaggregation. The rate and extent of deaggregation of thrombin-degranulated platelets by a combination of PGE1 and chymotrypsin was greater than with control platelets. Electron microscope gold immunocytochemistry using antihuman fibrinogen IgG, anti-von Willebrand factor and anti-fibronectin showed a) that fibrinogen in the vacuoles of degranulated platelets was visible at focal points of platelet contact in the aggregates, but that large areas of platelet contact had no fibrinogen detectable between them; and b) in comparison to fibrinogen, little fibronectin or von Willebrand factor (vWf) was detectable in the platelets. Since the linkages between thrombin-degranulated platelets reaggregated by thrombin can be disrupted either by raising cAMP (thus making glycoprotein IIb/IIIa unavailable) or by proteolysis, these linkages are less stable than those formed between normal platelets. It might therefore be expected that platelets that take part in thrombus formation and then recirculate are likely to form less stable thrombi than platelets that have not released their granule contents.


Coal mining in Donbas is a global problem as it causes the destabilization of ecological landscapes. Spoil tips, covering almost 52% of the territory, alter the topography of the land, affect the ecosystem, and decrease soil fertility. The soils become degraded and are unsuitable for agricultural use. The occupation of the Donetsk region by the Russian Federation has suspended the observation and research of man-made influence on this territory, which is a major concern for the scientific community. To reduce the negative impact of spoil tips, it is necessary to slow down the process of pyrite oxidation and the formation of toxic substances, as well as the migration of heavy metals due to erosion. Biological reclamation with grass and woody plants can help in achieving this goal. Another urgent issue is the constant supervision and assessment of the suitability of the bedrock of coal mines for agricultural use. The study investigated the total and mobile content of heavy metals in the rock samples from the "South Donbaska-1" mine, ordinary chernozem (background soil), and vegetation growing on the spoil tip. The results showed that the content of Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe in the rock of the spoil tip is higher than in the background soils. The content of heavy metals gradually decreases as the distance from the spoil tip increases. The content of Pb in ordinary chernozem and rock is practically the same, indicating its active migration. An analysis of the biomass of plant samples growing on the spoil tip showed that the content of Co, Cu, and Zn was within the limits of the threshold limiting values. However, the content of other studied elements exceeded the permissible norms. The research results provide information on the ecological state of the spoil tip and can be used for recreational as well as reclamation works in these areas.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-164756-89665?filename=Heavy Metals in Soil and.pdf