A report on herd management advice on a beef bull farm by a multidisciplinary committee over a three-year period. Eight groups, each consisting of approximately ninety-six bulls (781), were fattened and delivered. Fattening of the calves was started at the age of one week and they were delivered at the age of seventy weeks. For the first ten weeks, they were individually housed in rearing pens, then they were kept in groups of eight in housings with slatted floors. Studies were done to see whether waste matter of the potato-processing industry could be turned into useful material in this manner. This was found to be the case, provided sufficient attention was paid to the other constituents of the ration. Veterinary problems consisted in diseases of newborn animals, indigestion accompanied by tympanites, respiratory diseases, foul in the foot and injuries. Minor problems were lice, loss of cuds, infectious keratoconjunctivitis, trichophytosis, urinary calculi, cysticercosis, cerebrocortical necrosis and abscesses in organs. The total proportion of deaths and rejects was 7.8 per cent, 2.6 per being due to mortality. A classification by cause and age was established. Moreover, the relationship between differences in growth and particular forms of disease was studied. This relationships could be shown to be present in some cases but there also were marked differences which could not be accounted for on the basis of patient administration. On the whole, the state of health was highly satisfactory.


Friction welding is a solid state joining process that produces coalescence in materials, using the heat developed between surfaces through a combination of mechanical induced rubbing motion and applied load. In rotary friction welding technique heat is generated by the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy at the interface of the work pieces during rotation under pressure. Traditionally friction welding is carried out on a dedicated machine because of its adaptability to mass production. In the present work, steps were made to modify a conventional lathe to rotary friction welding set up to obtain friction welding with different interface surface geometries at two different speeds and to carry out tensile characteristic studies. The surface geometries welded include flat-flat, flat-tapered, tapered-tapered, concave-convex and convex-convex. A comparison of maximum load, breaking load and percentage elongation of different welded geometries has been realized through this project. The maximum load and breaking load were found to be highest for weld formed between rotating flat and stationary tapered at 500RPM and the values were 19.219kN and 14.28 kN respectively. The percentage elongation was found to be highest for weld formed between rotating flat and stationary flat at 500RPM and the value was 21.4%. Hence from the studies it is cleared that process parameter like "interfacing surface geometries" of weld specimens have strong influence on tensile characteristics of friction welded joints.


Recently, privacy emerged as a hot issue again, as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of EU has become enforceable since May 25, 2018. This paper deals with the problem of health information sharing on a website securely and with preserving privacy. In the context of patient networks (such as 'PatientsLikeMe' or 'CureTogether'), we propose the model Secure Information Sharing System (SISS) with the main method of group key cryptosystem. SISS addresses important problems of group key systems. (1) The new developed equations for encryption and decryption can eliminate the rekeying and redistribution process for every membership-change of the group, keeping the security requirements. (2) The new 3D Stereoscopic Image Mobile Security Technology with AR (augmented reality) solves the problem of conspiracy by group members. (3) SISS uses the reversed one-way hash chain to guarantee forward secrecy and backward accessibility (security requirements for information sharing in a group). We conduct a security analysis of SISS according to group information sharing secrecy and an experiment on its performance. Consequently, although current IT paradigm is changing to be more and more 'complicated', 'overlapped', and 'virtualized', SISS makes it possible to securely share sensitive information from collaborative work.


Corpus callosum atrophy and psychosis: a case report A 31-year-old male patient was hospitalized in our hospital due to the compulsory treatment desicion of the related court because of the guilt of "murder". The patient had been treated in intensive care unit due to head trauma because of a traffic accident, in 2001. The patient had had no complaints or disease until this accident. After his treatment for head trauma, psychotic signs as persecution delusions had appeared. He had killed his aunt because of his persecution delusions as he believed his aunt had been hostile to and would harm him. In his cranial MRI, thinning-atrophy in all parts of corpus callosum was observed. He was diagnosed with "psychotic disorder due to head trauma, with delusions", according to DSM-IV TR. This case is found interesting because of the time relation between head trauma and psychosis and corpus callosum atrophy detected after the head trauma.


Currently the synthesis of co-crystals is receiving considerable attention. We studied co-crystallisation of benzoic acid with sodium benzoate in different ratios and with different crystallisation techniques. A crystalline co-crystal, composed of two equivalents of benzoic acid and one equivalent of sodium benzoate (2 HBz·1 NaBz) could be identified and structurally characterised. By concomitant coordination of benzoate and benzoic acid the coordination needs of the cation could be satisfied. However, even with a 2 : 1 ratio, an octahedral environment could only be realised by sharing an edge in a dimer. The dimers are connected to one-dimensional tapes which in turn are packed in a distorted hexagonal arrangement. Only with a ratio of two neutral benzoic acid ligands and one benzoate can the coordination requirements of the sodium cation and charge neutrality be assured at the same time.


Past research shows that Hofstede's cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance explains variance in nations' technology choice for sanitation and electricity infrastructure construction. The uncertainty avoidance dimension describes the way that nations deal with ambiguity and uncertainty. This paper is part of a larger project that links that previous national scale research to the project level that is most relevant to the construction practice. As such, this paper reviews methods from the literature that measure individual risk attitudes, including issues of measurement and risk determinants. For example, this paper discusses paid real-stakes lotteries, general risk questions, and context specific risk questions. Respondent gender, age, and income are identified as determinants of risky behavior. The utility of these various measurement strategies is discussed with specific regard to future research intended to explain variance in the construction of distributed household renewable electricity infrastructure. Finally, a questionnaire design for future research is proposed.


We present a new model for formulating the classic HLS subproblems: scheduling, allocation, and binding. The model is unique in its use of data-transfers as the basic entity in synthesis. A data transfer represents the movement of one instance of data and contains the operation sourcing the data and all the operations using it. Our model compels the storage architecture of the design to be optimized concurrently with the execution unit. We have built a high-level synthesis system, Midas, based on our data transfer model. Midas generates designs with smaller storage and data transfer requirements than other HLS systems.


A search for the Jπ = 1/2− spin–orbit partner of the Jπ = 3/2− ground state in 7He has been performed with the 7Li(d,2He) charge-exchange reaction. The results are incompatible with recent claims of such a state at very low excitation energy [Meister M et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 102501] but rather suggest a resonance with parameters Ex = (1.2+0.5 −0.4) MeV, Λ = (1.9+0.8−0.4) MeV. GT strengths deduced for the transitions to the lowest states in 7He are in remarkable agreement with ab initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations.


This study I am as to :1) descript the skills of producing explanatory text with PjBL assisted be audio visual media. 2) descript the skill to producing explanatory the text after the aplication of the PjBL model assisted by audio visual media. 3) analyzing the effect of the application of the PjBL model assisted by audio visual media on the skills of producing explanatory text. This type of research is a quantitative study using descriptive analytical methods with a pre test and posttest one group design.Population in this study were grade VIII students of SMPN 15 Padang registered in 2019, totaling 117 students. The sample of this study were studentsin grade VIII totalling 30 students and the sampling in this study wash using purposive sampling technique. Result and discussion : 1) the skill of producing explanatory text before applying the PjBL model assisted by audiovisual media is in the range of values of 51,57 with almost sufficient qualifications. 2) the skill of producing explanatory text after the application of the PjBL model assisted by audiovisual media is in the range of values 81,13 with good qualifications. 3) based on the result of hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the skill of producing explanatory text for grade VIII students of SMP N 15 Padangbefore and after the application of the PjBL model assisted by audio visual media at a significant level of 0.95 with degrees of freedom n-1 (30-1=29).


Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis and widely distributed veterinary infection caused by 100+ species of Babesia parasites. The diversity of Babesia parasites, coupled with the lack of potent inhibitors necessitates the discovery of novel conserved druggable targets for the generation of broadly effective antibabesials. Here, we describe a comparative chemogenomics (CCG) pipeline for the identification of novel and conserved targets. CCG relies on parallel in vitro evolution of resistance in independent populations of evolutionarily-related Babesia spp. (B. bovis and B. divergens). We identified a potent antibabesial inhibitor from the Malaria Box, MMV019266. We were able to select for resistance to this compound in two species of Babesia, achieving 10-fold or greater resistance after ten weeks of intermittent selection. After sequencing of multiple independently derived lines in the two species, we identified mutations in a single conserved gene in both species: a membrane-bound metallodependent phosphatase (putatively named PhoD). In both species, the mutations were found in the phoD-like phosphatase domain, proximal to the predicted ligand binding site. Using reverse genetics, we validated that mutations in PhoD confer resistance to MMV019266. We have also demonstrated that PhoD localizes to the endomembrane system and partially with the apicoplast. Finally, conditional knockdown and constitutive overexpression of PhoD alter the sensitivity to MMV019266 in the parasite: overexpression of PhoD results in increased sensitivity to the compound, while knockdown increases resistance, suggesting PhoD is a resistance mechanism. Together, we have generated a robust pipeline for identification of resistance loci, and identified PhoD as a novel determinant of resistance in Babesia species. Highlights Use of two species for in vitro evolution identifies a high confidence locus associated with resistance Resistance mutation in phoD was validated using reverse genetics in B. divergens Perturbation of phoD using function genetics results in changes in the level of resistance to MMV019266 Epitope tagging reveals localization to the ER/apicoplast, a conserved localization with a similar protein in diatoms Together, phoD is a novel resistance determinant in multiple Babesia spp.


Acknowledgements Jorge DIAZ CINTAS, Pilar ORERO, Aline REMAEL: Media for all: a global challenge Section 1: Subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH) Aline REMAEL: Sampling subtitling for the deaf and the hard-of-hearing in Europe Clive MILLER: Access symbols for use with video content and information and communications technology devices Christopher STONE: Deaf access for Deaf people: the translation of the television news from English into British Sign Language Joselia NEVES: A world of change in a changing world Vera Lucia SANTIAGO ARAUJO: Subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing in Brazil Section 2: Audio description (AD) Pilar ORERO: Sampling audio description in Europe Joan GREENING, Deborah ROLPH: Accessibility: raising awareness of audio description in the UK Gert VERCAUTEREN: Towards a European guideline for audio description Andrew SALWAY: A corpus-based analysis of audio description Julian BOURNE, Catalina JIMENEZ HURTADO: From the visual to the verbal in two languages: a contrastive analysis of the audio description of The Hours in English and Spanish Karin De COSTER, Volkmar MUHLEIS: Intersensorial translation: visual art made up by words Anna MATAMALA, Pilar ORERO: Accessible opera in Catalan: opera for all Greg YORK: Verdi made visible: audio introduction for opera and ballet Jessica YEUNG: Audio description in the Chinese world Notes on contributors Index


Patterns of seabird species' distributions differ between the Antarctic and the Arctic. In the Antarctic, distributions are annular or latitudinal, with strong similarities in species composition of seabird communities in all ocean basins at a given latitude. In the Arctic, communities are arranged meridionally, and show strong differences between ocean basins and, at a given latitude, between sides of ocean basins. These differences between the seabird communi ies in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere reflect differences in the patterns of flow of major ocean current systems. At smaller spatial scales, in both hemispheres the species composition of seabird communities is sensitive to changes in watermass characteristics.

The distribution of avian biomass is affected by both physical and biological features of the ocean. In the Antarctic, much seabird foraging is over deep water, and withinseason, small-scale patchiness in prey abundance and availability in ice-free waters is likely to be controlledprimarily by the behavior of the prey, rather than by physical features. Thus, prey availability may be unpredictable in time and space. In contrast, in the Northern Hemisphere, most seabirdforaging is concentrated over shallow continental shelves, where currents interact with bathymetry to produce predictable physical features capable of concentrating prey or making prey more easily harvested by seabirds.

Ice cover appears to be the most important physical feature in the Antarctic. An entire community of birds is specialized to use prey taken near the ice edge. These prey consist of a variety of species, some of which are normally found much deeper in the water than the birds takingthem can dive. The open-water portion of the marginal ice zone is also an important foraging habitat for Antarctic marine birds. In the Arctic, a food web based on underice algae is used by marine birds, but few if any data exist on avian use of the open water segment of the marginal ice zone.

Recent simultaneous surveys of birds and their prey indicate that only rarely does the small-scale abundance of birds match that of their prey; correlations between predators and prey aregenerally stronger at larger scales. Evidence is accumulating in the Antarctic that the largestaggregations of krill may be disproportionately important to foraging seabirds.


A high-speed phase-adjustable read-only-memory less direct digital frequency synthesizer employing trigonometric quadruple angle formula is presented. A ten-stage pipelining architecture is employed based upon decomposition of phase operands. Spectral purity is better than -130 dBc for the worst case spurious-free dynamic range. The resolution is up to 12 bits. Most importantly, the output sinusoidal frequency is higher than 40 MHz, which is far higher than the 32-MHz requirement of Korean personal communications system, global system for mobile communications, and Bluetooth. Neither any scaling table nor error correction tables are required. The maximum error is mathematically analyzed. The word length of each multiplier is carefully selected in the digital implementation such that the error range is limited and the resolution is preserved


in pervasive environments, context-aware applications require a global knowledge of the context information distributed in different spatial domains in order to establish context-based interactions. Therefore, the design of distributed storage, retrieval, and dissemination mechanisms of context information across domains becomes vital. In such environments, we envision the necessity of collaboration between different context servers distributed in different domains; thus, the need for generic APIs and protocol allowing context information exchange between different entities: context servers, context providers, and context consumers. As a solution this paper proposes ubique, a distributed middleware for context-aware computing that allows applications to maintain domain-based context interests to access context information about users, places, events, and things - all made available by or brokered through the home domain server. This paper proposes also a new cross-domain protocol for context management which ensures the privacy and the efficiency of context information dissemination. It has been robustly built upon the Jabber protocol which is a widely adopted open protocol for instant messaging and is designed for near real-time communication. Simulation and experimentation results show that ubique framework well supports robust cross-domain context management and collaboration.


Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites filled with fullerene in the range from 0.5 wt% to 2 wt% were fabricated using melt-compounding. Fullerene addition levels up to nearly twofold increase in tensile strength, percent elongation, and modulus of TPU. The mechanical properties are improved as modified C60 content decreases. Fullerene loadings also enhance thermal stability of TPU. Glass transition temperature decreases by the inclusion of C60 into TPU matrix. Composites exhibited the improvement for storage modulus and vibration-damping behavior. The UL-94 rating and limiting oxygen index value of TPU are also extended to higher values after C60 loadings. Adjuvant effect is observed on fire performance in which pristine C60 inclusions and higher concentrations of C60 exhibit better fire performance. Additions of C60 give identical melt flow index values with that of TPU. Modified C60 particles disperse more homogeneously than pristine ones into TPU matrix because of the improvement in interfacial interactions between fullerene and polyurethane elastomer.


Assessment is a broad concept which means it is part of the whole educational process of teaching and learning. The variety of methods that teachers use to evaluate and measure the student's learning progress and skill acquisition are referred by the term assessment. Assessment shapes how teachers teach and how students learn. The assessment of student's achievements is a pedagogical dialogue between teacher-student for the quality of teaching, learning and knowledge.Assessment especially continuous assessment is a very important tool that teachers should use in the classroom because by using it a wealth of information to guide classroom practice and to manage learning and learners can be provided. Assessment tells us the truth about an education system, then about the qualities of students and their work.It has an important role in education and it is necessary to help students learn, to help students become knowledgeable, to help students gain insight into their learning and understanding, to teach effectively etc.Since making assessment an integral part of daily instruction is a challenge, this paper examines the process of assessing student's knowledge, types of assessment and the assessment of L2 writing. It also focuses on the issues and challenges in the process of assessment.


The major disease for Solanum tuberosum is the foliage and tuber blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Defeat of this pathogen is often connected with the application of pesticides, which are toxic and increase production costs. However plants dispose over a class of genes which are able to mediate resistance to existing pathogens known as R-genes. These genes play a key-role in effector-induced resistance responses which finally result in a form of programmed cell death (PCD), the hypersensitive response (HR). R1 belongs to a major class of resistance genes (NBS-LRR class genes) and is known to mediate race-specific resistance to P. infestans. The chromosomal region around R1 has been sequenced and revealed eight open reading frames (ORFs) with high homology to R1. These genes are part of a cluster of resistance genes on S. tuberosum chromosome V. The nine ORFs share higher sequence similarity with each other than with any other resistance gene in S. tuberosum known so far and are therefore considered as the R1-family. Within this project the molecular characterization of the R1-family and the response genes was performed. The major goal of this study was the molecular characterization of the R1-mediated resistance phenotype. To achieve this, a complex comparative transcriptome analysis of transgenic plants was performed in the initial stages of late blight infection. Different Desiree lines either with or without the R1-gene were used in this study. In addition, transformants with the R1-homologous gene ORF45, which shares high homology to R1 but does not confer resistance was analyzed. To generate the highest possible output rate, one of the new Next Generation Sequencing methods was used in combination with the DeepSAGE-technology. Performance parameters were validated. Various data analysis techniques were evaluated and at the end a pipeline was composed, which was able to process the data and leads to a state-of-the-art statistical data assessment. The data analysis was able to provide further evidence for an intensive role of plant hormone signalling during the early stages of infection. Moreover in these key-processes different expression behaviors were observed in the incompatible versus the compatible interaction. In addition it was possible to give experimental evidence for the expression of five of the members of the R1-family and cytosolic resistance mechanism in Solanum nigrum which is able to sense the presence of effector molecules from Phytophthora infestans.


As a crop, the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, has been part of multiple human cultures since at least 5000 BCE. Its role as both food and medicine has made this plant an important traditional agricultural product. However, today research on such functions has been largely eclipsed by the narcotic use of opium and its derivatives and the  economies that stem from them. The historical uses of poppy and related cultural conceptualizations of its nutritive and medicinal aspects contrast against practices and commodification  introduced by European colonization. The commodification of the narcotic potential of the opium poppy has been used by multiple actors since the onset of globalized economic expansion as a means of attaining financial and political power. This paper draws on research compiled from academic, journalistic, and other sources to create a holistic framework for examining the complex health, social, and economic issues related to contemporary production and use of the opium poppy. This paper concludes that future research, specifically anthropological field research grounded in historical and sociopolitical contexts, can offer important insights into the lived experiences of individuals and cultures that produce, distrubute, and consume the poppy as food and medicine.  Such future research may offer critical insight into the relationship between the cultural constructs of food and medicine and the effects of narcotic substance consumption. Such research may also offer insight into the possible restructuring of cultural meanings and economies on a broader scale in order to mitigate the harmful effects of narcotic substances within foods.


Abstract Greuter, W. & Rankin, R.: Bisgoeppertia (Gentianaceae) unravelled. Account of a small genus of the Greater Antilles [Novitiae florae cubensis 27]. — Willdenowia 38: 177–185. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2008 Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.38.38112 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Bisgoeppertia is a genus of herbaceous, short-lived twiners, endemic to the Greater Antilles (Cuba and Hispaniola). It consists of three well characterised species: B. gracilis on serpentinite soils in the western half of Cuba, B. robustior also on similar substrates in eastern Cuba and B. scandens limited to the Dominican Republic in Hispaniola. In spite of being the most often collected of the three, B. robustior so far lacked a legitimate name, having been confused with either of the two others; it is described as a new species.


Within the past ten years, quantitative risk assessment has come to play a central role in the federal regulation of carcinogens. Federal agencies use quantitative risk both to set priorities and to establish exposure levels. The use of quantitative risk assessment is mandated by Executive Orders requiring performance of cost-benefit analysis, although performance of assessments has often been ascribed to the Supreme Court decision in the 1980 "benzene" case. Quantitative risk assessment is a deeply flawed methodology with results that give a false sense of certainty and objectivity. Also, the nature of quantitative risk assessment methodologies currently in use makes it difficult for members of the public to scrutinize and assess regulatory actions. Quantitative risk assessment should not be used for regulation of carcinogens, especially not for establishing exposure levels. Instead, alternative methodologies should be utilized, which are appropriately reflective of uncertainty and which are more readily accessible to public scrutiny and participation.


We report the discovery of three new species of Osedax in the deep Southern Ocean, expanding the diversity and geographical range of this genus of bone‐eating worms. Osedax rogersi sp. n. and Osedax crouchi sp. n. were found on a whale skeleton at 1444 m in the Kemp Caldera in the East Scotia Sea during the Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean (ChEsSo) project. The recently described species, Osedax antarcticus, found on whale bones implanted at a depth of 550–650 m off Smith Island in the Bransfield Strait, was also found inhabiting the whale skeleton in the Kemp Caldera. Osedax crouchi as well as another new species Osedax nordenskjoeldi sp. n. have also been found on the implanted whale bones off Smith Island. These two localities are approximately 1800 km apart demonstrating a wide distribution of species within the genus. We describe the three new species, O. rogersi, O. crouchi and O. nordenskjoeldi and report the second record of O. antarcticus. We also present a new phylogenetic analysis for Osedax, including data examining genetic connectivity between the Scotia Arc and the Bransfield Strait.


Traditional citation analysis has been widely applied to detect patterns of scientific collaboration, map the landscapes of scholarly disciplines, assess the impact of research outputs, and observe knowledge transfer across domains. It is, however, limited, as it assumes all citations are of similar value and weights each equally. Content‐based citation analysis (CCA) addresses a citation's value by interpreting each one based on its context at both the syntactic and semantic levels. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of CAA research in terms of its theoretical foundations, methodical approaches, and example applications. In addition, we highlight how increased computational capabilities and publicly available full‐text resources have opened this area of research to vast possibilities, which enable deeper citation analysis, more accurate citation prediction, and increased knowledge discovery.


We use the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation with the charge-density-wave (CDW) instability to study the effect of correlated hopping on the stability of electronic ferroelectricity in the extended Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) in two dimensions. It is shown that the effects of correlated hopping term are very strong, especially for negative values of the $f$-level energy $E_f$, where they lead to: (i) stabilization of the ferroelectric ground state with a spontaneous hybridization $P_{df}=\langle d^+f \rangle$ for positive values of correlated hopping parameter $t'_d$, (ii) stabilization of the antiferroelectric phase for $t'_d < t'_{d,crit.} < 0$ and (iii) suppression of the ferroelectric ground state for $t'_{d,crit.} \leqslant t'_d < 0$, The effects of correlated hopping on valence transitions are also discussed.


The amino acid sequence of ribonuclease T1 was reinvestigated over the entire molecule by manual Edman degradation of performic acid-oxidized RNase T1 and some of its tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. The validity of the sequence was confirmed except for the sequence Pro-Gly-Ser at positions 71-73. This sequence should be revised to Gly-Ser-Pro.


The neurovascular bundle (NVB) starts at the lateral angle of the seminal vesicle (the initial part), passes posterolateral of the prostate gland (the main part), and ends at the cavernous body of the penis (the cavernous part). In low rectal surgery, different transabdominal and transanal perspectives result in different NVB injury risks. In the perspective of transabdominal operation, the separation between the initial part of NVB and Denonvilliers fascia and the anatomical variation of the two lateral sides of Denonvilliers fascia increases the risk of NVB injury, and conformation separation may take into account the convenience of separationand the protection of NVB. In the perspective of transanal operation, when separating the main part with NVB and mesorectum, the perspective of the transanal, unidirection traction and excessive dissection increase the risk of NVB main exposure. Clear anatomical identification helps the protection of NVB in the transanal operation. At present, the medical evidence on the difference of NVB injury in different perspectives of transabdominal and transanal approach is still in need of relevant clinical researches.


A novel cobalt(II)-organic framework, [Co2(OH)(3,4-PBC)3]n (I), has been acquired by the reaction of CoO with an unsymmetrical pyridylbenzoate ligand, 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid (3,4-PBC). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that it is comprised of [CoII4(mu3-OH)2] clusters linked by the unsymmetrical ligand 3,4-PBC, forming a novel helical double-layered metal-organic architecture. A significant overall antiferromagnetic behavior has been observed for this compound.


It is of great importance to simulate the excavation of foundation pits in centrifuge model tests. A new device was designed with new principles based on the understanding of the stress field in the soil base before and after excavation. A loading system was used to replace the excavated soil so that the appropriate self-weight stress state could be achieved with an increase of centrifugal acceleration before excavation. The compensation unit and the confining structure were simultaneously removed using the loading unit to simulate the excavation with accuracy. The device was made using a series of new structures for a high degree of automation and good accuracy in simulating the excavation of foundation pits. This device can be used to test a wide range of pit foundations and supporting structures. All of the components of the device were carefully designed to minimize their size and mass with a good control on the deformation of themselves. The device was confirmed to be effective in simulating the excavation of foundation pits at the 50-g level by a series of centrifuge model tests. The true paths of the stress and deformation of the foundation pit could be reasonably simulated in the centrifuge model tests, which cannot be captured by the traditional method in which the excavation was conducted previously at the 1-g level. The traditional method underestimates the earth pressures and the deformation of the soil due to the excavation of the foundation pit according to the comparison tests.


Objective. To study the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its comorbidity in a Norwegian adult population. Material and methods. In 2001, 11,078 inhabitants (aged 30–75 years) in Oppland County were invited to take part in a public health survey. A total of 4622 subjects (42%) completed the questionnaires on symptoms of IBS (Rome II criteria), comorbidity, health-care visits and medications. The impact of comorbidity on global health, working disability and use of health-care resources in subjects with IBS was explored by stepwise logistic regression. Results. The population prevalence of IBS was 388/4622 (8.4% (95% CI: 7.6–9.4%)) with a female predominance and an age-dependent decrease. The proportion who had consulted for IBS ranged from 51% among 30-year-olds to 79% in 75-year-olds (p=0.05). IBS was associated with musculoskeletal complaints (OR = 2.4–3.4 for six different items), fibromyalgia (OR = 3.6 [2.7–4.8]), mood disorder (OR = 3.3 (2.6–4.3)), reduced global health (OR = 2.6 (2.1–3.2)), working disability (OR = 1.6 (1.2–2.1)), more frequent health-care visits and use of medications (OR 1.7–2.3). When controlling for comorbidity, reduced global health (OR = 1.5 (1.1–2.0)) and use of alternative health care (OR = 1.7 (1.3–2.4)) remained associated with IBS. Severity of abdominal pain/discomfort was a predictor of having to seek a physician for IBS (OR = 1.3 (1.2–1.5)). Conclusions. Symptoms of IBS were reported by 8% of Norwegian adults and had resulted in consultations with physicians for the majority in the long run. Subjects with IBS in the community were characterized by frequent somatic and psychiatric comorbidity. Their observed reduced health, working disability and increased use of health resources were largely explained by comorbid symptoms and disorders.


Pediatric patients with newly diagnosed, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) have an excellent overall survival. However, therapy regimens are associated with acute toxicity and late effects. Furthermore, patients with relapsed or refractory disease have relatively few options with proven clinical benefit. Both histologic and molecular differences exist between adult and pediatric NHL preventing simple translation of adult NHL successes into improvements in pediatric NHL treatment. This review summarizes the introduction of targeted therapies into frontline treatments for patients with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and CD20-positive tumors, with the goal of improving overall survival while limiting both short- and long-term toxicities. In addition, newer approaches that have limited data in children but may have a significant role in how we treat pediatric NHL in the future are reviewed, which include CD19 directed therapy, Notch inhibition, the tri-functional antibody, FBTA05, and EZH2 inhibition.


This study aims at designing an observer-based resilient controller to regulate the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood of patients during the extra-corporeal blood circulation process. More precisely, in this study, a suitable observer-based resilient controller is constructed to regulate the levels of patient blood gases in a finite interval of time. The finite-time boundedness with the prescribed H ∞ performance index of the considered blood gases control system against modelling uncertainty and external disturbances is ensured by using Lyapunov stability analysis. Moreover, a set of sufficient conditions for obtaining the controller gain is developed in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust finite-time control scheme is verified through simulation results. The result reveals that the blood gases are maintained in their physiological ranges during a stable extra-corporeal circulation process via the proposed observer-based resilient controller.


From the base structure of tetragonal lysozyme crystals, the octamer cluster was selected as the possible element of crystal growth. The proposed model was verified by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of lysozyme solutions. The results showed a noticeable presence of lysozyme dimers and octamers under crystallization conditions and the total absence of oligomers under conditions where crystal growth was impossible.


We consider the minisuperspace model arising from the lowest-order string effective action containing the graviton and the dilaton and study solutions of the resulting Wheeler--DeWitt equation. We discuss the role of the scale-factor duality symmetry in the context of our quantum cosmological model.


This study is an immortal and intellectual recognition of al-Alūri for his work well done in the field of Islamic da'wah, social, humanitarian and intellectual contributions in the Yorubaland in particular, Nigeria as a whole, and Africa in general. It seeks to investigate the factors or processes that led to the transformation of the Yoruba Muslim society through the influence of Shaykh Ādam 'Abd Allāh al-Alūri, and his influences on the Muslim-Arabic institution in Nigeria, with particular reference to the Yoruba. The study also clarifies, to a certain extent though, the conflicting views of the scholars with regard to arrival of Islam to the Yoruba in western Nigeria. The study, from the submission of 'Abd Allāh al-Alūri, ascertains that Islam came to Yoruba land from Mali in the first half of the 14th century. According to Shaykh al-Alūri, the importance attached to family as a cornerstone of a healthy and balanced society, is one of the most striking features of the Muslim society, and the process of modernization essentially involves a rational structural transformation of simultaneous changes in its linguistic system and values.


Although prior scholarship has made considerable progress in measuring politicians' positions, it has only rarely considered voters' or activists' perceptions of those positions. Here, we present a novel measure of U.S. senators' perceived ideologies derived from 9,030 pairwise comparisons elicited from party activists in three 2016 YouGov surveys. By focusing on activists, we study a most-likely case for perceiving within-party ideological distinctions. We also gain empirical leverage from Donald Trump's nomination and heterodox positions on some issues. Our measure of perceived ideology is correlated with nominate but differs in informative ways: senators with very conservative voting records were sometimes perceived as less conservative if they did not support Trump. A confirmatory test shows these trends extended into 2021. Even among activists, perceived ideology appears to be anchored by prominent people as well as policy positions.


Biphasic TiO2 with adjustable crystalline phases was prepared by the hydrothermal-calcination method assisted by nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using potassium titanate oxalate (K2TiO(C2O4)2) as the titanium source. The influences of H2O2 volume on anatase and rutile contents and photocatalytic activity of biphasic TiO2 were investigated and the photocatalytic mechanism was explored. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and specific surface area (BET) were employed to characterize crystal structure, physical morphology, absorbable light, chemical composition, specific surface area and pore size distribution. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards a methylene blue (MB) solution under xenon light was tested, and the photocatalytic stability of the sample was investigated by photocatalytic cycle experiments. The prepared biphasic TiO2 was nanorod-shaped and had a large specific surface area. The results showed the anatase TiO2 content increased and the photocatalytic efficiency was enhanced as the H2O2 volume solution increased. Among the catalysts, the biphasic TiO2 prepared with 30 mL of H2O2 had the best photocatalytic effect and could entirely degrade the MB solution after 30 minutes under irradiation. After three repeated degradations, the photocatalytic degradation rate was still estimated to be as high as 95%. It is expected that the work will provide new insights into fabricating heterophase junctions of TiO2 for environmental remediation.


Summary Considering the ever increasing popularity of tattoos, significant reactions remain unusual. Red pigments are the commonest cause of delayed tattoo reactions. Histology typically shows extensive lichenoid basal damage, well away from the dermal pigment. We report two cases of lichenoid reactions to red tattoo pigment and review the literature on the subject.


Abstract Consumer stress as experienced at the nexus of gender and poverty, has received limited attention in marketing and consumer research. This empirical study applies the theoretical lens of social stress to explore gendered aspects of poverty, consumption and marketplace activity. It demonstrates that for women in poverty, consumer stress is a relational issue, involving marketplace and interpersonal (dis)connections. In particular, it surfaces the hidden, often, nuanced power relations that place additional strain on women with limited finances, as they oscillate between marketplace and intra-household pressures. By applying social stress theory, the study offers a new way of thinking about the unequal social relations and associated consumption strains bound up with the disadvantaged position of an intersectional group of women experiencing poverty.


This paper investigates the efficiency of under/over frequency relays for protection of distributed synchronous generators considering islanding detection and frequency-tripping requirements. Comparison between frequency and vector surge relays, which are islanding detection-dedicated devices, shows that the former can be as effective as the latter. This feature supports the idea that frequency relays can replace vector surge relays for islanding detection purpose. In this case, frequency relays must also meet the generator manufacturer recommendations and the utility frequency-tripping requirements. In order to investigate the relay capability to meet both necessities, it is proposed the concept of application region, which defines a region in the detection time versus active power imbalance space where frequency-based relays can be adjusted to satisfy the anti-islanding and frequency-tripping requirements simultaneously. The paper also presents a set of formulas to determine directly the application region.


Many large content publishers use multiple content distribution networks to deliver their content, and many commercial systems have become available to help a broader set of content publishers to benefit from using multiple distribution networks, which we refer to as content multihoming. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on optimizing content multihoming, by introducing novel algorithms to optimize both performance and cost for content multihoming. In particular, we design a novel, efficient algorithm to compute assignments of content objects to content distribution networks for content publishers, considering both cost and performance. We also design a novel, lightweight client adaptation algorithm executing at individual content viewers to achieve scalable, fine-grained, fast online adaptation to optimize the quality of experience (QoE) for individual viewers. We prove the optimality of our optimization algorithms and conduct systematic, extensive evaluations, using real charging data, content viewer demands, and performance data, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms. We show that our content multihoming algorithms reduce publishing cost by up to 40%. Our client algorithm executing in browsers reduces viewer QoE degradation by 51%.


The formation of beta A4 amyloid protein in neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and advanced age is a complex process that involves a number of both cellular and molecular mechanisms, the interrelations of which are not yet completely understood. We have examined quantitatively, in AD and aged controls an extended spectrum of amyloid plaque-related cellular and molecular factors and the cortical synaptophysin immunoreactivity (synaptic density) in order to check for interrelations between them by multifactorial analysis. In 3 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) aged 72, 80 and 82 years, and 9 controls aged 43-88 (mean age 65) years, the cortical synaptophysin immunoreactivity was assessed, together with the numbers of neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells, senile plaques, of tangle-bearing neurons, and the amount of beta A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) with and without the Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor (KPI) domain. The main results were: APP including the KPI domain (KPI-APP) correlated with the number of neuritic plaques, regardless of whether they occurred in SDAT or non-demented controls. There was no significant difference in the amount of KPI-APP between SDAT and controls. Conversely, APP695 (without KPI) was significantly reduced in SDAT. KPI-APP did not correlate with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (RGVA), while APP695 showed a significant correlation with the latter in all evaluations. It also correlated with the neuron counts, which was not true for KPI-APP. These results support previous findings indicating that KPI-APP is an important local factor for amyloid deposition in the neuritic plaques, both in AD and in non-demented aged people. On the contrary, KPI-APP does not seem to be significantly involved in the mechanisms of synaptic change outside of the plaques.


ABSTRACT:A London-based start-up NGO named African Rights became famous overnight in 1994 by publishing a detailed 750 page volume about the Rwandan genocide less than three months after it had ended. The report and subsequent African Rights publications named hundreds of names of alleged génocidaires and purported to lay the groundwork for their criminal prosecution. Based on numerous interviews, the article shows that African Rights was coopted in the first weeks of the genocide by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and that the report was produced with its active support. The article further shows that after 1994, African Rights gradually became a single-issue NGO (focused on the Rwandan genocide) and proxy for the new RPF-dominated Rwandan government. In 2003, African Rights became an outright RPF-front organization funded by and working closely with the RPF's intelligence apparatus. Besides telling the untold story of African Rights, the article demonstrates the impact of its publications on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, on scholarship, and on mass media. It concludes that African Rights was instrumental in shaping and spreading an easily consumable one-sided narrative of the Rwandan conflict and that the resulting pensée unique contributed to RPF impunity.


The superior colliculus is a paired structure in the rostral midbrain that is involved in incorporating environmental stimuli and coordinating gaze shifts involving both eye and head movements. It is known as the optic tectum in other vertebrates and contains a topographic map of the contralateral visual field, as well as other inputs from somatosensory and auditory pathways.


"Next to a man's wife, his secretary is the most important person in his career. She has to understand every detail of his job; to have unquestioning loyalty and absolute discretion. On every count Rose measures up. I'm a lucky man."—Richard Nixon, 1957
At some point during the evening of June 20 1972 a conversation between two men was secretly taped on a SONY TC-800B reel-to-reel voice recorder. An innocuous machine that uses 0.5-mm tape and was set to run at the irregular speed of 15/16 IPS—or half the rate of a standard tape recorder. In keeping with this low-fidelity recording mode, the tiny lavalier microphones that picked up this particular conversation were cheap and poorly distributed throughout the space. The result was a tape of degraded sound quality produced under deficient recording conditions.
Tape 342, as it is officially referred to, is but one of a sprawling archive of approximately 3,700 hours of audio recordings taped surreptitiously by the late American President Richard Nixon over a period of several years. Known as the "Nixon White House Tapes" these recordings detail conversations between the President, his staff, and visitors to the White House and Camp David. Of the many thousands of audiotapes confiscated from the Oval Office, Tape 342 remains by far the most infamous. Not because of the damaging or volatile nature of the information it contains, but precisely because of its absence: a gap in the tape of 18-1/2 minutes. A residual silence that is haunted by the spectre of a man who refused to speak on the grounds that such testimony might be self-incriminatory. In pleading executive privilege Nixon refused to fill in the gap that would return the voice to the machinic silence of the tape and enable the playback of history.
When news of the tape's potential tampering was made public, Nixon's personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods (now deceased) made two rather contradictory public statements. In her court testimony of November 8 1973 she asserted her secretarial competency, flatly denying ever making any stupid transcription errors when handling the tape recorder. "The buttons said on and off, forward and backward. I caught on to that fairly fast. I don't think I'm so stupid as to erase what's on a tape." However a month later, under cross-examination in a federal courtroom, she told a rather confused story of how she might after all have made "a terrible mistake" and been partially responsible for the glitch. Woods claimed that while she had been transcribing the tape on her UHER 5000, the telephone suddenly rang causing her foot to press the wrong pedal thus producing the erasure.
Summoned by the imperative ringing of the phone, summoned to speak in court, to testify, Rose Mary Woods had been called to action, both to explain her actions and ultimately the actions of her boss. When audio experts later examined the tape they concluded that the RECORD/STOP/RECORD button had actually been pressed 5 to 9 times thus refuting the loyal secretary's testimony and admission of guilt.

Invisible Manoeuvres , Curated by Sabine Winkler, Galerie Wedding Berlin


Rose rosette disease (RRD), caused by the Rose rosette emaravirus (RRV), is a major threat to the garden rose industry in the United States. There has been limited work on the genetics of host plant resistance to RRV. Two interconnected tetraploid garden rose F1 biparental mapping populations were created to develop high-quality tetraploid rose linkage maps that allowed the discovery of RRD resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on linkage groups (LGs) 5, 6, and 7. These QTLs individually accounted for around 18–40% of the phenotypic variance. The locus with the greatest effect on partial resistance was found in LG 5. Most individuals with the LG 5 QTL were in the simplex configuration; however, two individuals were duplex (likely due to double reduction). Identification of resistant individuals and regions of interest can help the development of diagnostic markers for marker-assisted selection in a breeding program.


The study of protostellar collapse or infall has proven unusually difficult and controversial. Some historical context will be provided, against which recent advances can be measured. We now have a substantial number of objects with signatures that can be interpreted in terms of collapse, but a number of issues remain. One issue is the effect of chemical variations, especially depletion in the dense, cold interiors of cores that are likely to form low mass stars. Strategies for dealing with this issue depend on using dust emission to constrain the density and temperature distribution, leaving molecular line observations to constrain dynamics and abundance distributions. Recent progress in this area will be described and we will consider the next challenges to be overcome. Interferome-teric observations, especially with future instruments, will provide a powerful tool. In combination with chemical studies coupled with dynamical models, the observations made possible by interferometers should finally put this subject on a firm foundation.


Maintaining and updating shortest paths information in a graph is a fundamental problem with many applications. As computations on dense graphs can be prohibitively expensive, and it is preferable to perform the computations on a sparse skeleton of the given graph that roughly preserves the shortest paths information. Spanners and emulators serve this purpose. This paper develops fast dynamic algorithms for sparse spanner and emulator maintenance and provides evidence from fine-grained complexity that these algorithms are tight.
Under the popular OMv conjecture, we show that there can be no decremental or incremental algorithm that maintains an $n^{1+o(1)}$ edge (purely additive) $+n^{\delta}$-emulator for any $\delta<1/2$ with arbitrary polynomial preprocessing time and total update time $m^{1+o(1)}$. Also, under the Combinatorial $k$-Clique hypothesis, any fully dynamic combinatorial algorithm that maintains an $n^{1+o(1)}$ edge $(1+\epsilon,n^{o(1)})$-spanner or emulator must either have preprocessing time $mn^{1-o(1)}$ or amortized update time $m^{1-o(1)}$. Both of our conditional lower bounds are tight.
As the above fully dynamic lower bound only applies to combinatorial algorithms, we also develop an algebraic spanner algorithm that improves over the $m^{1-o(1)}$ update time for dense graphs. For any constant $\epsilon\in (0,1]$, there is a fully dynamic algorithm with worst-case update time $O(n^{1.529})$ that whp maintains an $n^{1+o(1)}$ edge $(1+\epsilon,n^{o(1)})$-spanner.
Our new algebraic techniques and spanner algorithms allow us to also obtain (1) a new fully dynamic algorithm for All-Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) with update and path query time $O(n^{1.9})$; (2) a fully dynamic $(1+\epsilon)$-approximate APSP algorithm with update time $O(n^{1.529})$; (3) a fully dynamic algorithm for near-$2$-approximate Steiner tree maintenance.


Abstract The dynamics of red blood cells in small arterioles are important as these dynamics affect many physiological processes such as hemostasis and thrombosis. However, studying red blood cell flows theoretically is challenging due to the complex shapes of red blood cells and the non-trivial viscosity contrast of a red blood cell. To date little progress has been made studying small arteriole flows (20-40µm) with a hematocrit (red blood cell volume fraction) of 10-20% and a physiological viscosity contrast. In this work, we present the results of large-scale simulations that show how the channel size, viscosity contrast of the red blood cells, and hematocrit effect cell distributions and the cell free layer in these systems. We utilize a massively-parallel immersed boundary code coupled to a finite volume solver to capture particle resolved physics in these systems. We show that channel size qualitatively changes how the cells distribute in the channel. Our results also indicate that at a hematocrit of 10% that the viscosity contrast is not negligible when calculating the cell free layer thickness. We explain this result by comparing lift and collision trajectories of cells at different viscosity contrasts.


Beginning with the Independence Constitution of 1960, the right to freedom of information and other civil and political rights have been guaranteed by successive Nigerian Constitutions as fundamental human rights. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act, which incorporated the provisions of the African Charter on Human and People's Right into Nigerian law in 1983 consolidated these and a plethora of other social, economic and cultural rights and imposed a positive duty on the government to adopt legislative and other measures to give them effect. This article develops this potentially revolutionary principle of positive obligations, which amazingly remains unsung and unused more than a quarter of a century after it became an integral part of Nigerian law. The first part of the article proposes the principle as the most effective basis to compel the enactment of a Freedom of Information legislation, which successive governments have refused to enact despite overwhelming public support and sustained lobbying for a Freedom of Information Bill first introduced in the National Assembly in 1997. The second part critically analyses the latest (2007) version of the Bill. It concludes that its provisions are inadequate to give effect to the right to freedom of information in view of the legal and bureaucratic environment under which it will operate, and suggests remedial measures.


It was recently shown that our peculiar velocity β with respect to the CMB induces mixing among multipoles and off-diagonal correlations at all scales which can be used as a measurement of β, which is independent of the standard measurement using the CMB temperature dipole. The proposed techniques rely however on a perturbative expansion which breaks down for l1/β ≈ 800. Here we propose a technique which consists of deboosting the CMB temperature in the time-ordered data and show that it extends the validity of the perturbation analysis multipoles up to l ~ 10000. We also obtain accurate fitting functions for the mixing between multipoles valid in a full non-linear treatment. Finally we forecast the achievable precision with which these correlations can be measured in a number of current and future CMB missions. We show that Planck could measure the velocity with a precision of around 60 km/s, ACTPol in 4 years around 40 km/s, while proposed future experiments could further shrink this error bar by over a factor of around 2.


The coder is a generic device where exist a big types diversity. In base digital systems, the coder is a device that codifies the active input position in a number, normally, binary natural. If we have N inputs they are codified with n bits, N=2


The majority of the architectural research focusing on Hungarian architecture in the Interwar period, has to date, mainly analysed buildings with regard to international modern architecture and the steps leading to the development of modern church architecture. This research has however, only marginally expanded to include Evangelical Lutheran church architecture. The present article undertakes a complex research on a special building type, which increased between the World Wars and was determined by a geometric centralised ground plan based on both national and international architectural tradition. Lutheran churches built between the World Wars with central ground plans are analysed from both a  liturgical perspective, examining the theological aspect and the use of space, and also from the tradition of the ground plans.


To solve the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping of mobile robot vision navigation using infrared thermal imaging, A point-line feature extraction and matching algorithm after infrared image enhancement is proposed for visual odometry. We first used a guided filter to smooth the input image and separate it into the base layer and the detail layer. Then constraining the gradient of the detail will be used gain mask to enhance it. Finally, the two parts of the image combined with weighted coefficients will be exported into the second guided filter. The output image will use LSD to extract line feature, then using ORB algorithm will get point feature extraction and matching from line feature image. The results show the it can effectively improve the defect of infrared image blurred with similar background temperature and difficult to extract image features for mobile robot visual SLAM.


Influence of packaging on the purchase decisions of young consumers was studied by administering a specially developed questionnaire to 300 young consumers. Consumers' perception about the importance and influence of packaging on purchase decision was studied on five points Likert's scale. To identify important attributes and delineate underlying dimensions Factor analysis was performed. It was found that the majority of young consumers attached importance to packaging and were willing to pay a premium price for packaged food products. Key functional attributes related to safety and convenience, utility, and economic and social costs were considered consequential while making purchase decisions. Results showed that non- vegetarian consumers are more concerned with environmental issues than vegetarian consumers. The study not only contributes to understanding the influence of packaging on the purchase of food products but also provides insight into consumers' preferences to the marketers of food products.


The quality of cameras is currently increasing very fast meanwhile the price of them is decreasing. The possibilities of using a camera as a measurement and navigation instrument are thus getting bigger all the time. This thesis studies the transformation relations between a camera image and the scene in space that is projected to it. A theoretical derivation of the transform will be presented, and methods and algorithms for applications based on the transform will be developed.The above mentioned transform is called the camera matrix, which contains information about the camera attitude, the camera position, and the internal structure of the camera. Useful information for several different applications can be extracted from the camera image with the help of the camera matrix.In one of the applications, treated in this Master´s thesis, the camera attitude is estimated when the camera is calibrated and its position is known. Another application is that of absolute target positioning, where a point in a digital map is searched from its position in a camera image. Better accuracy in the measurements can though be obtained with relative target positioning i.e., estimation of distance and angle between two points in the digital map by picking them out in the image. This is because that the errors of theabsolute target positioning for each of the two points are dependent and thus partly will cancel each other out when their relative position and angle is measured.


A simple and high-performance ldquomulti-flowrdquo cooling structure for plasma display panel television sets was developed using computational fluid dynamics with heat transfer based on Cartesian grid system. Upward flow induced by natural convection and fans in the conventional cooling structure has mainly contributed to cooling the plasma panel and boards. However, simulation results indicated that shortcut flows between the bottom and rear inlets and fans were formed along the back cover and the flows decreased the mean outlet-air temperature. The bottom and rear inlets were reduced for the multi-flow structure, and top and side inlets were added to directly induce the fresh flow toward the high-temperature regions at the upper area. In addition to the effects of the increased gaps between the base-chassis and boards, simulation and experimental results revealed that the cooling accomplished by the multi-flow structure was superior to that by the conventional structure.


The field experiments were conducted during two seasons to find out the role of micronutrients on growth, seed yield and quality in coriander cv. CO4. The soil of the experimental site was calcareous. Micronutrient deficiencies are common in soils that have a high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) due to reduced solubility at alkaline pH values. Micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were applied in their sulphate form (FeSO4, ZnSO4, CuSO4 and MnSO4, respectively). The effect of both soil application (25 kg/ha) and foliar spray (0.5%) of micronutrients at 30 and 45 days after sowing were studied individually. Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4  induced the highest growth rates  in terms of  net assimilation rate (0.085 mg g-1day-1in rabi and 0.063 mg g-1day-1 in kharif) and crop growth rate (7.52 mg m-2 day-1in rabi and 7.78 mg m-2 day-1in kharif). Maximum number of umbels per plant (33.7 in rabi and 13.8 in kharif) and highest seed yield per hectare (623.3 kg in rabi and 599.9 kg in kharif) were observed for the foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 if compared to other treatments. Foliar application of iron and zinc exhibited significant effect on resultant seed quality parameters. The study revealed the need for application of micronutrients in maximum realization of yield and quality of the coriander seed crop in calcareous soils.

 Key words: Coriander, foliar spray, growth, iron, micronutrients, quality, seed yield, zinc.


This article concentrates on Islamic law product relating to charitable religious endowment (waqf) in Indonesia. Based on the traditional perspective of fiqh originated from the earlier Islamic jurists of orthodox view and in turn it had long been legislised as part of Indonesia positive law system, the law of waqfhad regulated that the wealth to be waqf shall be limited to only unmoving properties.  This regulation had led the management of waqf to be unproductive to raise the social welfare.By the virtue of the relatively wider viwpoint of the contemporar y Islamic law thinkers,the Islamic law refor m takes place in Indonesia particularly at the level of postive law ,namely Law Number 41/2004 Relating to Waqf. This law stipulates the thing to be waqf could be either unmoving or moving properties, like cash, gold, certificate of obligation, inteletual wealth, and so forth. This law also lays down the regulation relating to the penalty against those who deviate in managing a waqf. However, as a critque and recommendation the writer propose that the society could be involved in preser ving the purpose of a waqf which is the right of Allah. And it could be conducted by stipulating the class action as a way of the settlements of dispute occuring to a waqf property.


DEAE-dextran has commonly been found to more effectively enhance transfection when mixed with the virus nucleic acid before cell inoculation (mixed-inoculum method) than when it is used to pretreat the cells before inoculation (Pagano & Vaheri, 1965; Bachrach, 1966; Koch, Quintrell & Bishop, 1966; Pagano, McCutchan & Vaheri, 1967; Tovell & Colter, 1967). We have found, however, that the cells are only transiently sensitized to transfection by pretreatment, and that this method, optimally employed, can give much greater enhancement than the mixed-inoculum method. Part of these results have appeared in abstract form (Al-Moslih & Dubes, 1972).
Two picornaviruses were used: the brunhilde strain of poliovirus type 1 on the eta and kappa (Chapin & Dubes, 1964) and LLC-MK2 lines of rhesus monkey kidney cells, a line of chimpanzee liver cells (Dr W. V. Hartwell), and the HeLa and KB lines of human carcinoma cells; and a rapid (r) mutant of the wallace strain of echovirus type 7 on cultures of eta and LLC-MK2 cells.


We examine individual stock sales from 2008 to 2009 using population tax return data. The share of sales by the top 0.1 percent of income recipients and other top income groups rose sharply following the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and remained elevated throughout the financial crisis. Sales by top income and older age groups were relatively more responsive to increased stock market volatility. Volatility-driven sales were not concentrated in any one sector, but mutual fund sales responded more strongly to increased volatility than stock sales. Additional analysis suggests that gross sales in tax return data are informative about unobserved net sales.


Introduction The self-harm of young people can cause tremendous distress to their parents/carers and impair parents' ability to provide care. At the same time, parents play an essential role in supporting their child during the management and treatment of self-harm. The synthesis of evidence about parental experiences and needs can inform mental health practice and the development of interventions to provide better care to young people who self-harm and their parents. Methods and analysis A comprehensive search will be conducted across several information sources, including multiple electronic databases (eg, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed), grey literature, the websites of specific organisations and hand-searched reference lists of all the relevant studies. Qualitative studies published in English or Chinese and focusing on the lived experiences of parents whose child self-harms will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all the retrieved articles according to the flow diagram proposed by PRISMA (the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two independent reviewers will then appraise the methodological quality of all the included articles using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The meta-aggregation approach will be used to synthesise the findings of the included qualitative studies, and the level of confidence in the synthesised findings will be assessed using the Confidence in the Qualitative synthesised finding approach. Ethics and dissemination No additional ethical clearance is required since this review is a secondary analysis of published primary studies. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021265525.


Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

4390

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among US women. Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene result in a 50-85% lifetime risk for developing breast cancer and an increased risk for ovarian and prostate cancer. While these germline mutation carriers account for 5% of breast cancer cases, emerging evidence suggests that up to 30% of sporadic breast cancers exhibit epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 by promoter hypermethylation and other mechanisms. These BRCA1 associated tumors are frequently estrogen receptor (ER) negative and often carry mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The lack of ER renders BRCA1 deficient cancers ineffective targets of hormonal manipulations, therefore making chemotherapy the only treatment option available to patients with metastatic disease. The BRCA1 protein has been implicated in many cellular processes, yet its specific mechanism of tumor suppression remains unclear. BRCA1 plays a role in several DNA repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair (NER). We have demonstrated, by an MTT chemosensitivity assay, that Brca1 deficient murine mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) are 3-fold more sensitive to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, 10-fold more sensitive to cisplatin, and 25-fold more sensitive to gemcitabine chemotherapy than the isogenic, Brca1 positive parental cell line. In addition, Brca1 deficient cells demonstrate decreased repair of UV-C induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in genomic DNA. Loss of Brca1 expression leads to blunted UV-C induced expression of the damaged-DNA binding proteins xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC), but not DDB2, which is mutated in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E (XPE). These results confirm our earlier findings that Brca1 is involved in global genomic NER, and affects this process through regulation of DNA damage recognition protein gene expression. In addition, the altered chemosensitivity observed in BRCA1 deficient cells raises the possibility that individuals with BRCA1 deficient cancers may benefit from treatment with agents not traditionally used to treat breast cancer.


In the title compound, [Co(C13H16NOSe2)2]·CH3CN, the CoII atom is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a distorted tetrahedral coordination for the metal ion.


To establish the earliest sign of stomach cancer in endoscopy and to reveal the subsequent morphologic changes of the lesion, we studied retrospectively 41 cases of stomach cancer. The eariest sign consisted of redness, small polypoid lesions, flat mucosa with slight unevenness and small depressed lesions. There was no clear correlation between the observation period and the size of cancer lesion in cases of early stomach cancer. In cases of advanced cancer, however, the observation period correlated with the size of cancer lesion to a certain extent, and the correlation between the area of cancer (Y cm2) and the observation period (X months) gave a linear equation of Y = 0.68X-3.13.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and problems of Mongolia''s foreign trade, which has not been diversified and its trading partners are concentrated, and to explore ways to expand Mongolia''s foreign trade and stabilize the trade structure through its trade tasks with China. Since Mongolia does not have diverse trade products and its trading partners are concentrated on certain areas, it is highly likely that the Mongolian economy will become significantly unstable when the volatility of the global economy increases. Therefore, Mongolia needs to make policy efforts to diversify its trade structure to ensure stability in the national economy.
First, Mongolia will have to sign a free trade agreement with China and move toward resolving inequality in the tariff structure between the two countries. But since signing a full-scale agreement from the start would put a strain on the Mongolian economy, it would be desirable to limit the FTA to certain products, and expand the scope of future negotiations. Second, Mongolia is working with China to improve its trade structure while making the most of the Sino-Mongolian and Russian economic corridor projects, for example, setting up a border free trade zone with China to process mineral resources as well as to attract Chinese capital and technology to establish a meat factory in Mongolia''s provinces. Third, Mongolia has a fairly high logistics cost in relation to exports, and expanding its railway and other infrastructure jointly with China will save high logistics costs.
The above policy proposals are relatively short-term and its effect may be limited. Therefore, Mongolia should establish a long-term development plan at the national level, and pursue economic diversification policies along with the development of the resource industry.


We introduce a novel setup for low-resource task-oriented semantic parsing which incorporates several constraints that may arise in real-world scenarios: (1) lack of similar datasets/models from a related domain, (2) inability to sample useful logical forms directly from a grammar, and (3) privacy requirements for unlabeled natural utterances. Our goal is to improve a low-resource semantic parser using utterances collected through user interactions. In this highly challenging but realistic setting, we investigate data augmentation approaches involving generating a set of structured canonical utterances corresponding to logical forms, before simulating corresponding natural language and filtering the resulting pairs. We find that such approaches are effective despite our restrictive setup: in a low-resource setting on the complex SMCalFlow calendaring dataset (Andreas et al. 2020), we observe 33% relative improvement over a non-data-augmented baseline in top-1 match.


Anonymization is one of the major processes to protect location-based services (LBS) from privacy leakage. However, there are many discussions about de-anonymization attacks to LBS and whether anonymization processing is a sufficient countermeasure for privacy leakage. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to reconstruct the location of user considering the time series using the Markov Transition Field (MTF) and Denoising Auto Encoder (DAE). We also focused on Wi-Fi location data including many erasures errors. We conducted an evaluation of de-anonymization attack using our reconstruction method to the Wi-Fi location dataset that was consisted of 10000 devices / four weeks in the four wards of Tokyo. We confirmed that the successful attack rate (SAR) was 24% when the number of candidate devices was 100 and 6\% when that was 10000 devices.


INTRODUCTION
Mesencephalic infarcts usually produce clinical features that allow the lesion to be located with precision, although they do not always match the patterns included in the classical syndromes reported in the literature, as occurs in the case we describe here.

CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 73-year-old female with no cardiovascular risk factors, who presented a sudden clinical picture of instability, diplopia, palpebral ptosis and mild hypersomnia. On examining the patient the following manifestations were observed: compromise of the right common oculomotor nerve, up and down vertical gaze palsy, dysmetry of the right limbs and mild long tract signs in the left limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed right thalamo-mesencephalic infarction in the paramedian territory, which became bilateral in the upper mesencephalon. The aetiological study showed only a carotid atheromatosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Cerebellar compromise ipsilateral to a lesion in the common oculomotor nerve in mesencephalic infarcts is a very uncommon clinical variant. The pathogenetic heterogeneity of infarctions involving the mesencephalon makes it necessary to carry out an extensive aetiological study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is an essential tool for understanding the clinical picture and the anatomical structures involved in cases of infrequent cerebral infarction.


Abstract The main events that mark the contraction and extension histories of the Scandinavian Caledonides and the European Variscides are summarized. It is shown that continental subduction may have developed similarly large and asymmetric thrust systems in both orogens. However, while continent-continent collision developed in the Variscides, extension began in the Scandinavian Caledonides marking the end of continental subduction. This led extensional tectonics to affect two continental crusts with contrasting rheology and therefore led to contrasting extensional modes. We argue that plate divergence, responsible for extension in the Scandinavian Caledonides, was triggered by the Variscan collision between Laurasia and Gondwana. In contrast, horizontal buoyancy forces acting on a thermally softened thickened crust are more likely to have been responsible for extension in the Variscan belt.


AIM
To test a theoretical model based on Cohen's dental profession factors (training; practitioner attitudes; geography) to investigate practitioners' willingness to treat adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) in primary dental care.

PARTICIPANTS
A sample of all 537 primary care dentists working in a mainly urban area of Northern Ireland and a more rural area of Scotland.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Willingness to treat adolescents with LD.

METHOD
Questionnaire survey of demographic profile, undergraduate education, current knowledge, attitudes towards individuals with LD and willingness to treat this patient group. A path analytical approach (multiple meditational model) was used.

RESULTS
Three hundred dentists participated giving a valid response rate of 61%. Undergraduate education and current knowledge (training) strengthened a social model perspective promoting positive attitudes and willingness to treat adolescents with LD. Undergraduate education and current knowledge about disability did not significantly contribute to dentists whose attitudes were underpinned by the medical model of disability. Therefore geography (rural or urban location) was not an influential factor in willingness to treat adolescents with LD. This does not exclude the possibility that area of work may have an influence as a consequence of undergraduate university attended.

CONCLUSION
This model identifies the importance of undergraduate and continuing dental education with regard to modifying professional attitudes (social and clinical factors) to assist practitioners treat adolescents with LD and provide them with inclusive dental services in primary dental care.


Considered as a data-driven approach, Fingerprinting Localization Solutions (FPSs) enjoy huge popularity due to their good performance and minimal environment information requirement. This papers addresses applications of artificial intelligence to solve two problems in Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based FPS, first the cumbersome training database construction and second the extrapolation of fingerprinting algorithm for similar buildings with slight environmental changes. After a concise overview of deep learning design techniques, two main techniques widely used in deep learning are exploited for the above mentioned issues namely data augmentation and transfer learning. We train a multi-layer neural network that learns the mapping from the observations to the locations. A data augmentation method is proposed to increase the training database size based on the structure of RSSI measurements and hence reducing effectively the amount of training data. Then it is shown experimentally how a model trained for a particular building can be transferred to a similar one by fine tuning with significantly smaller training numbers. The paper implicitly discusses the new guidelines to consider about deep learning designs when they are employed in a new application context.


This study was carried out to elucidate the interaction of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) with the immune reaction induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2). ACT, isolated from human sera and determined to be a single glycoprotein, was added to human peripheral T-cell cultured with IL-2. It was found that ACT effectively suppressed T-cell activation induced by IL-2, but the suppressive effect of ACT was inversely proportional to the concentration of IL-2. A similar effect was found when T-cells were stimulated with PHA. ACT had a suppressive effect when suboptimal concentrations of PHA were used, however this suppressive effect could not be found at the optimal PHA concentration. These findings suggest that ACT may be a regulatory agent in immune reactivity where low concentrations of IL-2 are present. Even under normal conditions, an individual is surrounded and invaded by numerous foreign elements and it may be that small amounts of IL-2 are constantly produced, which would indefinitely trigger chained immune reactions if there were no regulatory agent like ACT.


Objective: To assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C among those patients who had tuberculosis in local community of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design:Survey-based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & health Sciences Jamshoro from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and eighty nine confirmed cases of tuberculosis patients were enrolled. The patients were further analyzed to assess either HBV, HCV or both are present or absent. Results: Three hundred and forty one (57.8%) were males and 248 (42.1%) were females. The majority of participants were in the age group of 45-54 years 147 (24.9%).The residence detail showed that 167 (28.3%) belonged to urban areas. Further 143 (24.2%) had sickness history of 2-6 months, 239 (40.5%) had history of 6-12 months, The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among tuberculosis patients showed, 17.8% (n=105) with Hepatitis B, 26.3% (n=155) were diagnosed with hepatitis C, 15.7% (n=93) had Both Hepatitis B and C, however 236 (40.0%) had no history with hepatitis. Hepatitis C was most frequently found age of above 54 years, 55 (9.3%). Conclusion:The control of tuberculosis has remained one of the greatest goals globally till date, the higher risk of liver complications, along with the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Although the complications of Tuberculosis patients remain unsolved yet the possible efforts can be made to identify the earlier problems for the clinical prospective and a complete follow up of the records can optimize the management of Tuberculosis in co-existing conditions of hepatitis B and C. Key Words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Liver diseases


OBJECTIVES
Intravenous (IV) administration of ascorbic acid during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was reported to facilitate defibrillation and improves survival in ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. We investigated whether IV administration of ascorbic acid after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) can improve outcomes in VF cardiac arrest in a rat model and its interaction with therapeutic hypothermia.

METHODS
Ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest followed by CPR and defibrillation was performed in male Wistar rats. After ROSC, the animals were equally randomized to the normothermia (NormoT), hypothermia (HypoT), ascorbic acid (AA+NormoT), and ascorbic acid plus hypothermia (AA+HypoT) groups. The AA+NormoT and AA+HypoT groups received IV ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg). In the HypoT and AA+HypoT groups, therapeutic hypothermia was maintained at 32°C for 2 hours.

RESULTS
There were 12 rats in each group. Within 4 hours after ROSC, the HypoT, AA+NormoT, and AA+HypoT groups had significantly lower myocardial lipid peroxidation than the NormoT group. Within 4 hours following ROSC, the AA+NormoT group had a significantly better systolic function (dp/dt40 ) than the NormoT group (6887.9 mm Hg/sec, SD ± 1049.7 mm Hg/sec vs. 5953.6 mm Hg/sec, SD ± 1161.9 mm Hg/sec; p < 0.05). The AA+HypoT group also showed a significantly better diastolic function (-dp/dtmax ) than the HypoT group (dp/dt40 : 8524.8, SD ± 1166.7 mm Hg/sec vs. 7399.8 mm Hg/sec, SD ± 1114.5 mmHg/sec; dp/dtmax : -8183.4 mm Hg/sec, SD ± 1359.0 mm Hg/sec vs. -6573.7 mm Hg/sec, SD ± 1110.9 mm Hg/sec; p < 0.05) at the fourth hour following ROSC. Also at 4 hours, there was less myocytolysis in the HypoT, AA+NormoT, and AA+HypoT groups than the NormoT group. The HypoT, AA+NormoT, and AA+HypoT groups had significantly better survival rates and neurologic outcomes than the NormoT group. Compared with only five surviving animals in the NormoT group, there were nine, eight, and 10 in the HypoT, AA+NormoT, and AA+HypoT groups, respectively, with good neurologic outcomes at 72 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous ascorbic acid administration after ROSC in normothermia may mitigate myocardial damage and improve systolic function, survival rate, and neurologic outcomes in VF cardiac arrest of rat. Combination of ascorbic acid and hypothermia showed an additive effect in improving both systolic and diastolic functions after ROSC.


Abstract The problem of mapping regions with socially-derived boundaries has been a topic of discussion in the GIS literature for many years. Fuzzy approaches have frequently been suggested as solutions, but none have been adopted. This is likely due to difficulties associated with determining suitable membership functions, which are often as arbitrary as the crisp boundaries that they seek to replace. This paper presents a novel approach to fuzzy geographical modelling that replaces the membership function with a possibility distribution that is estimated using Bayesian inference. In this method, data from multiple sources are combined to estimate the degree to which a given location is a member of a given set and the level of uncertainty associated with that estimate. The Fuzzy Bayesian Inference approach is demonstrated through a case study in which census data are combined with perceptual and behavioural evidence to model the territory of two segregated groups (Catholics and Protestants) in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. This novel method provides a robust empirical basis for the use of fuzzy models in GIS, and therefore has applications for mapping a range of socially-derived and otherwise vague boundaries.


The inter-provincial economic gap in China is obvious and tends to expand, although it is still unclear why this occurs. This paper combines DEA-based green economic growth accounting, growth convergence test and distribution dynamic analysis to show that China's inter-provincial labor productivity demonstrated significant growth convergence between 1997 and 2016, while it was significantly promoted by capital deepening and obviously inhibited by technological progress and human capital accumulation, and the effect of technological efficiency change remained unclear. In addition, the gap of labor productivity level in China's provinces widened significantly, which can be largely attributed to the combined effects of technological progress and capital deepening. The economic growth accounting analysis ignoring Energy and environmental factors tends to overestimate the relative contribution of factor accumulation and underestimate that of TFP changes, while ignoring human capital will lead to opposite biased results, but both of which do not change the qualitative conclusions mentioned above. JEL O18 O47 R11


Facial nerve was repaired with fibrin glue in 56 cases using end to end (20 cases), cable graft (28 cases) or hypoglosso-facial anastomosis (8 cases). 33 patients were evaluated one year after surgery: clinical testing was higher than 70% in 42% cases, and between 50% and 70% in 36% cases. No result was observed in only 5 cases after immediate repair of the facial nerve during acoustic neuroma surgery. Fibrin glue provides a safe technique for facial nerve repair.


Variational Inference approximates an unnormalized distribution via the minimization of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Although this divergence is efficient for computation and has been widely used in applications, it suffers from some unreasonable properties. For example, it is not a proper metric, i.e., it is non-symmetric and does not preserve the triangle inequality. On the other hand, optimal transport distances recently have shown some advantages over KL divergence. With the help of these advantages, we propose a new variational inference method by minimizing sliced Wasserstein distance, a valid metric arising from optimal transport. This sliced Wasserstein distance can be approximated simply by running MCMC but without solving any optimization problem. Our approximation also does not require a tractable density function of variational distributions so that approximating families can be amortized by generators like neural networks. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of the theoretical properties of our method. Experiments on synthetic and real data are illustrated to show the performance of the proposed method.


Underexploited vegetables are known to play a major role in the nutritional livelihood of the Indian population especially in the rural areas where people cannot pay for meat, egg and milk. They are minor, neglected potential crops but not fully exploited for nutritional security, health, poverty alleviation and providing daily diet. In the face of threats posed by climate change as exemplified by drastic changes in rainfall pattern, temperature, relative humidity, radiation, weeds-pests-diseases complex and general alterations in the trends of climatic elements, there is the need to discuss the future of the uncultivated but edible plant species which have served as basis of livelihood for the poor people over several years. Underexploited vegetable crops have many uses like quick, easy to grow and hardy in nature, these crops tolerate adverse climatic and soil conditions, they are a nutritionally rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein, fats and protect from malnutrition deficiency disease in poor rural children mainly under the age limit of 3-4 years in India. Underexploited vegetable crops have a long history of local consumption and people are aware about their nutritional and medicinal properties. These are cheap and readily available. Cultivation of these crops is restricted to specialized geographical regions mainly by poor farming communities which derive their sustenance and livelihood from such plants. Evidently, these crops of widely consumed nutritious vegetables have been relatively neglected in research and conservation. In India 47% of children below the age of three years are malnourished or underweight, out of a global estimated total of 146 million, south Asia has the highest rates. Presently most of the research work is focused on more popular vegetables like tomato, chili, watermelon, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, carrot, etc. Minor work is done on improvement of these underutilized vegetables. However, some preliminary work was carried out on improvement of these future vegetables and cultivars developed are discussed under different groups such as underutilized cucurbits, minor legumes, less leafy vegetables, solanaceous vegetables, tree vegetables and underutilized cole crops. This paper therefore discusses the diversity of underexploited vegetables in India by taking into account the available species, the uses, the mode of exploitation and the role that extension education can play in bringing these crops into cultivation, especially in this era of climate change in order to prevent them from extinction and provide nutritional security to rural people.


The paper describes a means of efficiently implementing an adaptive complex transversal filter. Three real-coefficient filter sections are used to realise the transversal filter section of a complex equaliser, thus using one less filter than a conventional realisation. An adaptive algorithm is developed, in a manner similar to the least mean square algorithm, which allows the three filters to be trained independently and in parallel using real valued arithmetic. In this way, the throughput can be maintained, whilst reducing the number of multipliers in both the filter and coefficient update sections by 25%. Using independence theory, it is demonstrated that the three filters converge to a solution consistent with the optimal Wiener-Hopf solution. The convergence speed is characterised in terms of the complex input data stream. The transient behaviour of the algorithm is examined using a simulation of a channel equaliser and is supported by analysis.


Polarization-based dehazing methods can enhance the quality of haze images. However, existing methods tend to a manual selection of sky area and bias coefficient to estimate the degree of polarization (DoP) of the airlight, which leads to inaccurate estimation of the airlight. Aiming at the problem, a reconstruction algorithm based on the blind separation model of polarized orthogonal airlight is proposed. Importantly, the depth-dependent DoP of the airlight is automatically estimated without manual selection of sky area and bias coefficient. To reduce the interference of white objects on the estimation of airlight at infinity, an adaptive estimation method using the deviation between the DoP of the airlight and incident light is proposed. In order to accurate estimate the airlight from the airlight at infinity, a blind separation model of the airlight with multi-regularization constraints is established based on the decomposition of the airlight at infinity into a pair of polarized components with orthogonal angles. The experimental results show that the method effectively improves the visibility of scenes under different haze concentrations, especially in dense or heavy haze weather.


Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) increases milk yield of dairy cows. An indoor feeding experiment using Friesian dairy cows in mid lactation was conducted to determine what proportions of the milk yield and composition changes were due to the condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus, and what proportions were due to factors associated with legumes (higher herbage intake and forage quality). Cows were fed either perennial ryegrass or Lotus, and were also drenched with either polyethylene glycol (PEG) to block the action of CT, or water. Milk yields (kg/cow/d) were higher on Lotus (21.24) than on Lotus+PEG (18.61), ryegrass (15.53) or ryegrass+PEG (15.49) indicating that CT contributed to 46% of the increased milk yield that resulted from feeding Lotus rather than ryegrass. CT had no effect on intake, but contributed to increased milk protein concentration, increased efficiency and decreased milk fat concentration.


The aim of this study was to assess radio activity and elements levels of Ebrié lagoon water in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Eight bottles of water from Ebrié lagoon were taken for the study. This study was achieved by measuring of the activity concentration of 238U, 40K, and 232Th in Ebrié lagoon water samples using gamma spectrometry. Elements contents were determined too by Absorption Atomic Spectrometry technique. The activity concentrations of these radionuclides show that populations in these townships-villages are permanently exposed to diseases caused by the ionizing rays. The elemental analysis showed that the potential source of the pollutants is anthropogenic, intrusion from industrial and agricultural activities, materials and lubricants used near the lagoon are important factors of the pollution in this lagoon.