Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Our recent work in understanding silenced retinoic acid response genes in breast cancer led us to explore the role of transcription repressor complexes in gene silencing in breast cancer. To this end we constructed a set of tagged vectors that contain a specific MAD1 motif called SID (mSin3A interaction domain), which binds with high affinity to block the function of the Sin3. Sin3A/B serve as multisubunit co-repressor scaffold protein that regulate gene transcription by recruiting histone deacetylase and histone demethylase activities to sequence-specific transcriptional repressors which are aberrant in breast cancer. The PAH2 domain of Sin3A/B binds with high affinity to a small number of transcription factors, and offers a more specific epigenetic target which contributes to the development of breast cancer. PAH-2 domain a specific component of a transcriptional repressor complex that plays an important role in modulating a small number of transcription factors containing the Sin3 PAH-2 interaction domain (SID). Here we demonstrated that in both human and mouse breast cancer cells, the targeted disruption of Sin3 function by introduction with their partners by the expression of SID transcript or peptide decoy interfered with PAH2 binding to SID-containing partner proteins as measured by co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays, reverteds the silencing of several genes involved in cell growth and differentiation. We observed that the SID decoy induced clear signs of differentiation in both human and mouse breast cancer cellsIn particular, the which include theSID decoys led to acinar morphogenesis in 3D cultures, increased adherence to collagen type-IV and laminin, reduced invasive phenotype and impaired tumor growth in vivo (>75%). This was associated with epigenetic reprogramming characterized by a marked increase in H3K4 2/3 methylation and a modest increase in H3 acetylation in the promoter region, promoter DNA demethylation and re-expression of the important breast cancer-associated silenced genes encoding E-cadherin, and, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ)and impairment in tumor growth in vivo. There was increased expression of E-cadherin, CRBP1 and p27 known RAR response genes. The re-expression of ERα and RARβ in the "triple negative" MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line is functional since there was significant growth inhibition by tamoxifen after stimulation with 17b-estradiol and RAR activation by atRA and AM580. Therefore, the development of small molecules that mimic the 13 amino acid SID peptide and block interactions between PAH2 and SID-containing proteins This offers a new novel approach for treating this type of breast cancer and may also provide wider therapeutic implicationstriple negative breast cancer cells.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 572.


The Rio Doce estuary in Brazil was impacted by the deposition of mine tailings caused by the collapse of a mining dam in 2015. Since the disaster, the estuary is experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects, but potential trace metal accumulation in fishes has not been reported. Trace metals in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, so we hypothesized that the accumulation of trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would cause contaminant bioaccumulation, resulting in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins in fishes. We determined trace metal concentrations in sediment samples, metal concentrations, and quantified stress protein concentrations in the liver and muscle tissue of five different fish species in the estuary. Our results revealed high concentrations of trace metals in estuarine sediments when compared to published baseline values for this estuary. The demersal fish species Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens had the highest Hg, As, Se, Cr, and Mn concentrations in both hepatic and muscle tissues. Metal bioaccumulation in fish was statistically correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both fish liver and muscle tissue. The trace metals detected in fish tissues resemble those in the contaminated sediments present at the estuary at the time of this study and were also significantly correlated to protein levels. Trace metals in fish muscle were above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption, suggesting potential human health risks that require further determination. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of trace metals between contaminated sediments and local biota in estuarine ecosystems.


This paper reflects an environmental scan of the activities of existing nonprofit academic centers affiliated with NACC. It summarizes the findings from nine field visits to nonprofit centers, a content analysis of 55 center websites, and follow-up interviews with select center administrators. By comparing the normative operations of legitimized peer centers across their educational, research, and service missions, this research helps to articulate norms whereby new and extant nonprofit centers can legitimize their work. In addition, findings can be used as a road map to inform the future regulatory landscape for nonprofit academic centers. Discussions examine the positive and negative implications of using these findings for purposes of legitimacy and regulation.


The authors previously reported morning-to-evening changes in ophthalmic measurements at 3 months and at 1-year after radial keratotomy in a self-selected group of patients in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study. Fifty-two patients included in the earlier study were examined again between 2 1/2 and 4 years after surgery before 10:00 AM and after 5:30 PM on the same day to determine if the changes persisted beyond 1 year after surgery. Between the morning and evening examinations, 31% of the eyes had an increase in minus spherical equivalent power of the manifest refraction of 0.50 to 1.50 diopters; 12% had a change in cylinder power of 0.50 to 1.00 D; 19% had a decrease in uncorrected visual acuity of two to five Snellen lines; and 29% showed central corneal steepening by 0.50 to 1.00 D. Thus, in some patients, morning-to-evening fluctuation persisted until 2 1/2 to 4 years after radial keratotomy.


ABSTRACT.— The genus Hylophilus sensu lato was recently recognized as polyphyletic and split in to several genera, including the monotypic genus Tunchiornis. We describe in detail the nesting features of T. ochraceiceps that could provide additional evidence to support the split of the genus. Nests were found at two stations in southwestern Perú, Manu National Park. We found three cup-nests covered externally with green moss and internally with thin and light straw fibers, with inner and outer major and minor axes of 48.6 × 49.2 mm and 66.6 × 61 mm, respectively, a wall thickness of 9.8 mm, and an inner depth of 38.7 mm. The eggs were creamy-white with dark-brown spots concentrated at the base and measured 18.3 ± 0.4 × 13.1 ± 0.3 mm with a mass of 1.73 ± 0.12 g. Overall nest attentiveness was 64% and the egg were incubated at 32.35 ± 3.11 °C. The incubation and nestling period lasted 15 and 11 days, respectively. The nest materials used by Tunchiornis are similar to Hylophilus but differ from Pachysylvia, which use dried leaves and bark. These results advance our understanding of the reproductive biology of this phylogenetically divergent group.


On the basis of the efficiency analysis of the DEA theory and the property insurance industry, this paper uses the two-stage correlative DEA models of the variation coefficient weighting method to evaluate the technical, the pure technical and the scale efficiencies from 2006 to 2010 of the 34 property insurance companies of China, including 5 large Chinese-funded property insurance companies, 18 small and medium-sized Chinese-funded property insurance companies and 11 foreign-funded property insurance companies, and finds that the efficiency of property insurance companies in the stages of premium creation and fund allocation is unsatisfactory. With the advantage of scale and domestic competition, the efficiency of Chinese-funded property insurance companies is better than that of foreign-funded ones in the stage of premium creation, but worse in the stage of fund allocation for foreign-funded ones have more experience of circulation of funds. And a further research indicates that the development of economy will stimulate the development of the property insurance industry, but won't have a direct effect on the efficiency promotion of the property insurance company. And the tax system of the insurance industry, the changes of interest rate and the oligopolistic market structure of the insurance industry will make an impact on the business efficiency of property insurance companies. Besides, unlike other research findings, this paper comes to a new conclusion that the proportion of highly educated people in the property insurance company has no significant influence on its business efficiency.


In this paper we present two novel 1-bit full adder cells in dynamic logic style. NP-CMOS (Zipper) and Multi-Output structures are used to design the adder blocks. Characteristic of dynamic logic leads to higher speeds than the other standard static full adder cells. Using Tanner and 90nm CMOS technology exhibits a significant decrease in the cell delay which can result in a considerable reduction in the power-delay product (PDP). The PDP of Multi-Output design at 1.8v power supply is around 0.15 fem to joule that is 5% lower than conventional dynamic full adder cell and at least 21% lower than other static full adders.


In this manuscript, we define a conformal map from the slit unit disc onto the slit plane. Later, we define a function f(z) = (s − 1)ζ(s). We apply a method similar to Jensen's formula using Cauchy's residue theorem to a keyhole contour. Finally using the Balazard Saias and Yor logarithmic integral of Riemann zeta function as a sum over its non trivial zeros, we get ∫ ∞ −∞ log |ζ( 12 + it)| 1 4 + t 2 dt = 0


Background: Psychological well-being is a multidimensional concept that is typically defined as a mixture of positive affective states, such as satisfaction and functioning with optimum life efficiency. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between weight efficacy lifestyle dimensions and perceived parental styles dimensions with psychological well-being among university students. Methods: The statistical population of this correlational study was all undergraduate and master students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in the academic year 2016-2017, of whom 180 students were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling. They were assessed by Clark's Weight Efficacy Life Style (WEL), Grolnick's Perceptions of Parents Scales (POPS), and Keyes & Magyar-Moe's Psychological Well-being questionnaires. In addition, the demographic questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 24 using descriptive statistics and simultaneous regression. Results: According to the findings of the study, there was a positive and significant relationship between weight efficacy lifestyle and its two subscales of negative emotions and physical discomfort with psychological well-being, and there was a negative and significant relationship between perceived parenting style and all its subscales with psychological well-being. However, 36% of changes in psychological well-being were predicted by physical discomfort, mother's autonomy support, and mother's warmth. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study support the role of weight efficacy lifestyle and perceived parenting styles variables in student psychological well-being.


One of the important issues in the formation of Javanese Reformed-Christian (JRC) church was the usage of the Javanese language. The formation of the church did not only involve transplanting theological and ritual teachings of the Dutch Reformed Churches (GKN), but also the usage and the choice of registers of the hierarchical Javanese language for Javanese congregation. This article intends to examine the importance of Javanese in the formation of Javanese Reformed-Christian church in Yogyakarta. Archival sources, particularly of the GKN, were used to examine the importance of Javanese in the establishment of this JRC church in Yogyakarta. The author concluded that the usage of Javanese terms for "church" and "pastor", and the choice of the highest level of the language, Krama, in church ritual was intended to preserve Javanese language and convey social equality between the Javanese and the Dutch.


The purpose of the paper is to revaluate the roles of the reformed local autonomy for promoting decentralization and local autonomy against new centralization. I consider the local autonomy and finance in Japan after World War II, focussing on the roles of so called 'Kakushin
Jichitai', reformed local autonomy in the 1960's and 1970's. Firstly I review the developing and declining processes of 'reformed local autonomy' in the period of high economic growth in Japan. Then I discuss the roles of these reformed local government bodies through rising citizen movements. The local governments like Minobe-Tosei or Asukata-Yokohama-Shisei contributed to the tax reforms and some other financial reforms and promoting decentralization. The 1960's and 1970's in Japan are called 'The Period of New
Centralization' in intergovernmental relations. However, the roles of these reformed local autonomy for promoting decentralization against new centralization should be revaluated.


In ever so many philosophical introductions to formal logic the latter is presented as the philosopher's ars iudicandi, i. e. as the instrument that evaluates the quality of philosophical arguments or, more generally, of informal reasoning. 1 Irrespective of its content, an argument is only worthy of consideration if it is valid, i. e. if the truth of its premise(s) necessitates the truth of its conclusion. As the validity of arguments hinges on the latter's form, validity tests must be conducted by abstracting from the content of the argument. According to a prevalent conception of logic among philosophers, the instrument best suited for that task is formal logic. Philosophical arguments are commonly formulated in natural language. Thus, in order to put logical formalisms to work when it comes to evaluating the validity of philosophical arguments, natural language first must be translated into a suitable formalism. Such translations call for stringent justification. 2 Proofs involving the transformation of ordinary language to a formalism are convincing only if they rely on a systematic understanding of the adequacy of the formalizations resorted to. Not any logical formula can be considered an adequate formal representation of a given statement or argument. Standard criteria of adequate formalization, however, indirectly presuppose that the validity of an argument be determined prior to formalizing it. This, in turn, casts doubts on the putative power of logic to reverse informal reasoning, i. e. to expose a seemingly valid argument as invalid after all or vice versa. The constraints imposed by criteria of adequate formalization and, hence, by a precondition of evaluating informal reasoning by means of logical formalisms seriously question the usefulness of formal


Two complementary thermoreversible ABC triblock copolymers containing either phenylboronic acids with low pKa values or galactosyl groups in the hydrophilic B blocks are synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and subsequent modification of the functional groups. Both ABC triblock copolymers undergo reversible sol-to-gel transitions upon temperature change and form physically cross-linked hydrogels under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the spontaneous adhesion of these thermoreversible hydrogels via the formation of boronic esters between the phenylboronic acid and galactosyl groups under physiological conditions is realized for the first time.


The prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders was investigated among all known systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Iceland. The participation rate was 81%. Over 49% of the subjects received a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. The number of diagnoses per person was 2.3. The most common disorder among those with a disorder was phobia (56%), followed by generalized anxiety (12%). Agoraphobia with and without panic, simple, social phobia, and alcohol abuse were found to be more common among the SLE patients in comparison with a population sample (p < 0.02; p < 0.0001; p < 0.001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.05, respectively). A possible explanation of the high rate of phobia may be related to the nature of clinical disfiguring facial skin rashes which may lead to social withdrawal.


From birth to the time after weaning the gastrointestinal microbiota of calves must develop into a stable, autochthonous community accompanied by pivotal changes of anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the fecal microbiota of six Simmental dairy calves to investigate time-dependent dynamics of the microbial community. Calves were followed up from birth until after weaning according to characteristic timepoints during physiological development of the gastrointestinal tract. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 35 samples yielded 253,528 reads clustering into 5410 operational taxonomic units based on 0.03 16S rRNA distance. Operational taxonomic units were assigned to 296 genera and 17 phyla with Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria being most abundant. An age-dependent increasing diversity and species richness was observed. Highest similarities between fecal microbial communities were found around weaning compared with timepoints from birth to the middle of the milk feeding period. Principal coordinate analysis revealed a high variance particularly in samples taken at the middle of the milk feeding period (at the age of approximately 40 days) compared to earlier timepoints, confirming a unique individual development of the fecal microbiota of each calf. This study provides first deep insights into the composition of the fecal microbiota of Simmental dairy calves and might be a basis for future more detailed studies.


The author sets out some of the statistics derived and used in the development of the assessment of the Nuffield A level physical science projects.


Chronic hepatitis is now the general problem in hepatology. The diagnosis of this disease remains difficult in spite of continuous development of diagnostic methods. 57 patients (25 female and 32 male) with chronic hepatitis were studied. They were divided in three groups (I - chronic active hepatitis, II - chronic persisting hepatitis, III - chronic reactive hepatitis) according to the result of the liver biopsy. The clinical data (from medical examination and laboratory analysis) in the respective forms of chronic hepatitis were compared. The analysis of 14 subjective and objective symptoms in this three groups of patients has shown the certain differences between them. It may play a role in the diagnosis of the form of chronic hepatitis.


This paper provides an in-depth theoretical analysis of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution (SCM-QKD) systems, taking into account as many factors of impairment as possible and especially considering the influence of nonlinear signal mixing on the end-to-end quantum bit error rate (QBER) and the useful key rate. A detailed analysis of SCM-QKD is performed considering the different factors affecting the sideband visibility (drifts in the modulator bias points, modulation index mismatch between Alice and Bob subcarriers) and the impact of nonlinear signal mixing leaking into otherwise void subcarrier sidebands. In a similar way to classical photonic radio-over-fiber telecommunication and cable TV systems, the impact of this nonlinear signal mixing can be accounted in terms of a quantum carrier to noise ratio that depends on the specific frequency plan that is implemented. QBER and useful key rate results for three different frequency plans featuring N = 15 (low-count channel system), N = 30 (intermediate-count channel system), and N = 50 (high-count channel system) channels are provided, showing that photon nonlinear mixing can be of importance in middle- and high-count SCM-QKD systems (N > 30), with moderate RF modulation indexes (m > 5%). In practical terms, nonlinear signal mixing can be neglected if low modulation indexes (m < 2%) are employed to encode the photons in the subcarrier sidebands.


Electrocatalytic performance of low-cost graphitic carbon nitride (CN) is greatly limited by its limited conductivity and small specific surface area. Herein, a simple and cost-effective idea to produce novel nanocomposite is constructed by the CN and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide functionalized carbon black (CB) anchored platinum nanoparticles as highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts based on gamma irradiation. The assembled carbon nitride/positive carbon black anchoring PtNPs (Pt/CN2-CB+ 1) catalyst exhibits significantly improved specific surface area, high graphitization, and uniformly dispersed ultra-small platinum nanoparticles. For the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance, the catalyst shows more positive onset-potential (0.93 V versus RHE) and larger diffusion limiting current density (5.65 mA cm−2) compared with benchmark Pt/C catalysts in alkaline medium. Moreover, the Pt/CN2-CB+ 1 catalyst exhibits a small Tafel slope (92 mV dec−1). Besides, the catalyst was demonstrated the remarkable methanol tolerance and good long-term stability under working conditions. This work provides a new and effective γ-rays irradiation for synthesizing the carbon nitride catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.


The purpose of this study is to make up unit plan and solid
 of the apartment by unfolding the Space Grid in which the
size and location of physical components(load-bearing column,
 wall, slab, etc.) are set up, according to the system of the
 Combining Design.
As the Space Grid is a structure and a space by itself, the
composing system of the Space Grid will be able to build up
the foundation of standardization and rationalization for
 planning apartment.


Abstract : This paper is the second investigation on the effects of intake flow control methods on the part load performance in a spark ignition engine. In the previous work, two control methods, port throttling and masking, were compared with respect to lean misfire limit, fuel consumption and emissions. In this work, the effects of these two methods on EGR characteristics were studied and simultaneously the differences between EGR and lean combustion as a dilution method were investigated. The results show that EGR limit is expanded up to 23% and 3 ~ 5% improvement in the fuel consumption are achieved around 8 ~ 13% rates by the flow controls comparing with 10% limit and 1.5% reduction around 3% rate of non-control case. The masking method is more effective on the limit expansion than throttling as like as lean misfire limit; however there is no substantial difference in fuel consumptions improvement regardless the control methods except high load condition. Also it is observed that there exist critical EGR rates around which the combustion performance and NOx formation change remarkably and these rates generally coincide with optimum rates for the fuel consumption. In addition, dilution with fresh air is much more advantageous than that of the exhaust gas from the view point of dilution limit and fuel consumption, while utilization of the exhaust gas is more effective on NOx reduction in spite of considerably small dilution compared with the use of fresh air. Finally, the improvement of fuel consumption by massive EGR is highly dependent on the EGR limit at which the engine runs stably, therefore the stratified combustion technique might be a best solution for this purpose.


The adverse impact of the energy production from fossil fuels is now well recognised globally; therefore, the move towards renewable and sustainable energy has become an integral part to achieve United Nations sustainable development goals. A comparative study considered a waste-to-energy plant to produce electricity in Oman. A research strategy including both qualitative and quantitative research methods was adopted to evaluate the municipal solid waste generation and emissions, electricity consumption and emissions, public participation in waste segregation, and to estimate the reduction in emission considering a 5000 t/day waste-to-energy plant in Oman. The results showed that current emissions from fossil fuels to meet the electricity requirement of 71 GWh/year is 162 MtCO2e/year. Similarly, the emissions from 2.2 Mt/year of municipal solid waste is 3.4 MtCO2e/year. A 5000 t/day waste-to/energy plant would not only produce 2.93 GWh daily but would also enable an annual reduction of 2.46 MtCO2e. Such an initiative would help Oman to improve its sustainability performance in energy, climate change, waste reduction and economic growth and will pave the road to achieve the relevant sustainable development goals by 2030.


Educators in many disciplines recognize interdisciplinary teaching as effective for student learning. This article provides a model for developing an interdisciplinary literacy and science study with states of water as the core scientific study with corresponding literacy strategies. Authors have included suggestions for children's literature as well as science experiences to use with this study. This water model provides teachers a base for developing studies that integrate their literacy and science curricula. Elementary teachers in the United States face heavy pressure for their students to perform well on state reading and writing tests (Akerson, 2001) and "...No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a major force in the day-to-day functions of America's public schools" (Settlage, 2004, p. 88). Consequently teachers often slight or ignore the science curriculum. Tilgner (1990) suggests that many teachers already eliminate science instruction when they need additional time during the school day "because it is their least favorite subject to teach" (p. 428). Without some changes, America's graduates may be in similar crises for scientific knowledge as they were in the 1960s. It's also true that some science teachers hesitate to include literacy because of their commitment to hands-on science teaching (Pappas, 2006). Since 96 • Reading Horizons • V48.2 • 2008 both curricular areas are vital for students, educators often turn to interdisciplinary teaching for scientific, reading, writing, and oral language experiences. Supporting teachers is particularly important in light of study results that indicate how little actual science teaching occurs in elementary classrooms. Students may participate in science only once or twice a week spending as little as 18 minutes per day in science class (Gerlovich, Downs, & Magrane, 1981). Tilgner's (1990) work indicates that many teachers feel incapable of incorporating science in the classroom and that "teachers' negative attitudes and feelings of inadequacy" (p. 428) impact the quality of science instruction, often in a negative way. Current anecdotal evidence indicates that the picture has not changed noticeably in the 21st century. The National Science Education Standards (NSES) (National Research Council, 1996) and Project 2061 (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990) documents call for stronger science teaching and, in particular, science literacy — not as an afterthought, but as a vital part of students' life skills. Pappas (2006) emphasizes the need for students to develop understanding of "the language that scientists use as they read, write, and talk" (p. 226). How does scientific literacy compete with other literacies such as reading and math literacies? In fact, the answer is not competition but cooperation. The answer also lies with teachers abandoning their heavy reliance on narrative texts for reading and writing while incorporating more informational texts. Cross curricular or interdisciplinary teaching is not a new strategy for addressing the need to teach all curricular areas. In a 1996 joint position statement, the National Council of Teachers of English, International Reading Association, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Speech Communication Association, and Council for Elementary Science International asserted a child's school day should not be divided by content areas since that does not reflect life in our society (National Council of Teachers of English, International Reading Association, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Speech Communication Association & Council for Elementary Science International, 1996). The language arts, including reading and writing as well as oral communication skills, will enhance students' science experiences. However, all teachers should recognize that while tools of language arts can be used to support science instruction, and science can be used to provide a purpose for meaningful reading, writing, and discussion, "effective language arts instruction cannot substitute for hands-on science instruction, and effective science instruction cannot substitute for achieving general literacy skills" (Akerson & Flanigan, 2000, p. 359). Traditional textbooks do not provide adequate reading Literacy and Science • 97 and writing in science texts nor sound science experiences in reading and writing textbooks. Thus, teachers benefit from models that support them in developing interdisciplinary curricular experiences which incorporate science experiences and children's literature. Duke's (2000) research indicates that students are reading very little informational text at lower grades, a time for building understanding of texts. Yet trade books do increase the opportunities for students to be involved with science concepts as well as provide opportunities for learning reading strategies for informational text (Madrazo, 1997; Tunnell & Jacobs, 1989). In fact, the use of nonfiction texts may increase the engagement of students (Hapgood & Palincsar, 2006) especially boys (Brassell, 2006) and even reluctant readers (Collard, 2003). Making the Connections Arguing that instruction packages that focus on a theme often neglect experiences that truly teach science concepts, Dickinson and Young (1998) propose interdisciplinary instruction as the most legitimate strategy for developing students' science and language arts literacies. Weaving together skills from both disciplines, teachers are able to maximize available instruction time (Rogers & Abell, 2007). Teaching with a theme that truly invites interdisciplinary learning presents challenges (Barton & Smith, 2000; Dickinson & Young, 1998; Shanahan, Robinson, & Schneider, 1995). Consequently, more models that support interdisciplinary strategies are important for educators. Since children need to learn to think scientifically and learning is mediated through language (Maguire & Wolf, 1993), Stefanich (1992) suggests that integration across curricular areas is actually necessary for the successful teaching of science concepts. Children often link information in ways unlike their parents or teachers, so it is important to remember that "learning is seeing connections" (Peetoom, 1993, p. 7). Children will begin to make the link from where they are — not from where we as adults are. Huber and Walker (1996) describe how students working with magnets prior to reading about the magnets and their properties will help the children understand the scientific reading material. This permits the students to make their own connections. While Dickinson & Young (1998) elucidate similarities between language arts and science literacy, they also recognize that connections between the disciplines should be "logical, natural, and appropriate" while teachers "include experiences that will help students meet goals and objectives of both disciplines" (p. 337). Both science and language arts instructional strategies are included in the model described here for teaching students literacy strategies for comprehension 98 • Reading Horizons • V48.2 • 2008 (NCTE/IRA Standard 3, International Reading Association & National Council of Teachers of English, 1996), inquiry methods using scientific methods as well as textual references (NSES Content Standard A) and physical science concepts through a study of water (NSES Content Standard B, National Research Council, 1996). Wonders of Water as Model Selecting the Study Focus The first step for any interdisciplinary teaching is choosing the conceptual focus. Since literacy strategies are necessary for engagement with any text, science teaching can come first. Teachers need to consider the local and state science standards as well as student age and potential involvement with the experiences. To ensure maximum learning potential, student interest must be an important consideration. Picarello (2000) notes "children's natural curiosity—was the most natural way to enhance language" (p. 47). Science experiences can provide an opportunity to develop literacy in reading, writing and communication. The study of water provides a viable connection to children's natural curiosity and easy access to materials as well as a connection to concept learning. Water's states are fairly easily demonstrated and experienced by students to learn about different states of matter and thus physical change. Water is also necessary for life forms, so it is pertinent for students to respect and understand. This model also takes teachers into the often-neglected area of physical science rather than life science. Since water is such a broad topic, this model is appropriately focused on the more narrow concepts of the physical properties of water and the states of water as it evaporates, condenses, and freezes through liquid, gas, and solid states. Concepts such as these are common in curriculum standards for different grade levels and provide interesting experience opportunities. Books that support science concepts are available at different levels of reading. Choosing Literature for the Study Selecting appropriate literature for teaching and learning is the vital next step after choosing the science concepts, and Taberski (2001) recommends utilizing both fiction and nonfiction in the content areas. For example, teachers could develop students' critical reading skills by using the section about surface tension from A Drop of Water (Wick, 1997) and ideas from The Bubble Factory (de Paola, Literacy and Science • 99 1996). Students may start by comparing and contrasting these two types of books. Teachers can model critical reading strategies through discussion of how de Paola used his knowledge of surface tension to develop his story. The discussion should include strategies for recognizing fiction and nonfiction in books and reading more to verify any text's reliable presentation of information. It is important to note that the teachers should also address misrepresentat


In June 2011, the United Nations General Assembly issued a Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS as a means to reaffirm its support for human rights and to call for the removal of barriers to treatment. The Declaration also explicitly recognizes key affected groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDUs), and sex workers.


Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in humans. About 200 HPV types have been described and classified into high and low oncogenic risk for its ability to transform the cell. Some main risk factors for HPV infection are multiple sexual partners, multiparity and immunosuppression. However, these factors can not completely explain the HPV prevalence in different world regions. Mexico has a high global burden, being important to determine other external biological factors implicated. The infection is mediated by surface receptors of basal stratum cells that bind to the viral capsid entering the cell by endocytosis. Some cell membrane components such as sphingolipids have a role in structure and membrane permeability. Besides, fumonisins are micotoxins structurally very similar to sphingolipids, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most abundant and most similar to some sphingolipids such ceramide. Fumonisins are produced by Fusarium fungus, widely distributed in maize, the main component of Mexican diet. Thus, it is possible that FB1 contamination be a factor to permeabilize the membrane expediting the HPV infection. In this preliminary study, we postulated that mechanism of HPV infection is mediated by contamination with FB1, hence, FB1 could be higher in women HPV positive. Urine samples from patients with HPV infection and healthy woman were analyzed by UPLC-MS, hydrolyzed FB1 was found only in the infected women, in contrast, in HPV negative women was not detected. Additional studies are needed to support the hypothesis of contamination with FB1 as biological risk factor for HPV infection.


The size, strange body shape and behaviour of the ostrich aroused the imagination of the ancients, Jews and non-Jews, and therefore beginning from the classical era until recent generations, various legends and beliefs were attached to it. The ancients deliberated whether the ostrich is a bird or it is a cross between a bird and a four-legged creature. In this case, Jewish writings reflected an advanced and sometimes independent conception that the ostrich is a bird. A belief that is indeed partially based on reality has to do with the food of the ostrich. In ancient sources, the ostrich is described as eating glass or metal, and according to some testimonies, this is a major component of its food. Medieval literature includes another common belief that the ostrich is gifted with miraculous powers of sight and it can use these powers to hatch the eggs by staring at them. The general impression formed from the study is that the Jews were aware of legends that existed among the nations, and even used them in their study halls for halakhic discussions and to enrich their spiritual world.


One of the biggest challenges for the developer of object-oriented software is the modeling and developing of the objects themselves, so that they are easily reusable in complex systems. The final quality of the software depends mostly on the quality of the modeling developed for it. Modeling and specification of software are fundamental steps for making the software development an activity of engineering. Design is the activity in which software behavior and structure are elaborated. During this phase many models are developed anticipating several views of the final product and making software evaluation possible even before the software is implemented. Consequently, the synthesis of a software model can be seen as a problem of optimization, where the attempt to find a better configuration among the elements chosen through the object-oriented paradigm, such as classes, methods and attributes that meet quality design criteria. This work studies a possibility to synthesize higher quality modelings through the evolution of Genetic Algorithms, a technique that has proved to be efficient in dealing with problems involving large DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-809-8.ch004


Diagnosis of tears of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is often made by dynamic radiography. In contrary to the usual technic, the best position is forced pronation of the hand. The metacarpal and the first phalanx are horizontal on the X ray plate. The patient is encouraged to push the tip of his thumb against an object thus obtaining a forced abduction. The two hands can be held in place with a tight bandage. This yields a simultaneous and symmetrical image of the two thumbs on the same film.


The productivity of the world's natural resources is critically dependent on a variety of highly uncertain factors, which obscure individual investors and governments that seek to make long-term, sometimes irreversible investments in their exploration and utilization. These dynamic considerations are poorly represented in disaggregated resource models, as incorporating uncertainty into large-dimensional problems presents a challenging computational task. This study introduces a novel numerical method to solve large-scale dynamic stochastic natural resource allocation problems that cannot be addressed by conventional methods. The method is illustrated with an application focusing on the allocation of global land resource use under stochastic crop yields due to adverse climate impacts and limits on further technological progress. For the same model parameters, the range of land conversion is considerably smaller for the dynamic stochastic model as compared to deterministic scenario analysis. The scenario analysis can thus significantly overstate the magnitude of expected land conversion under uncertain crop yields.


Antibodies against the Sm antigen are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They are found in 20-30% of SLE patients and it has been shown previously that up to 70% of SLE sera react with synthetic fragments 1-20 and 44-67 of the Sm-D polypeptide. To determine whether injections of these peptides might be pathogenic both were administered intraperitoneally into normal mouse strains BALB/c (H-2d), B10/brown (H-2k) and C57BL/6 (H-2b) and an autoimmune strain MRL/1pr (H-2k). IgG antibodies against peptide 1-20 were detected by ELISA in the sera of BALB/c and MRL/1pr mice but not in the sera of B10/brown and C57BL/6 mice. IgG antibodies against peptide 44-67 were found in the sera of BALB/c, B10/brown and MRL/1pr mice but not in the sera of C57BL/6 mice. Neither fragment induced a response against the whole Sm-D antigen as detected by Western blotting. Reactivity to synthetic fragments from other nuclear antigens was however detected in the sera of MRL/1pr mice, especially in those mice injected with Sm-D peptide 44-67 emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. Following immunization with Sm-D peptides, antibodies to ssDNA or dsDNA were not detected in the sera of BALB/c, B10/brown and C57BL/6 mice and in the MRL/1pr mice the naturally occurring production of these antibodies was not enhanced. No difference in IgG deposition in the renal glomeruli of the mice injected with the peptides compared with the control groups was observed. These results suggest that the humoral response to the Sm-D fragment is, at least partially, controlled by the MHC haplotype of the recipient mice, is related to dose and type of immunogen, and is also influenced by the presence of Freund's adjuvant. It is evident that although the sera of many SLE patients recognize either or both the 1-20 and 44-67 peptides, these peptides when injected into MRL/1pr mice are not directly pathogenic.


This paper is a review of isolation and containment models, policies and procedures. The arguments for and against various practices are outlined. The psychological effects of isolating patients in single rooms and new ideas for staff intervention are discussed. A modern, flexible approach is suggested.


This paper is part of a study of prosodic features of familial language impairment (FLI) in English. It reports the results of a set of experiments designed to investigate the factors that play a role in the assignment of stress to words which are longer than two syllables. It appears that stress assignment in FLI is constrained by a restriction limiting the maximal size of the stress domain to a bisyllabic unit, formally defined as the minimal prosodic word. We hypothesize that this restriction is responsible for variable patterns of word truncation, stress levelling and compounding that characterize the production of polysyllabic words.


An analytical model of the silicon on insulator photoactivated modulator (SOI-PAM) device is presented in order to describe the concept of this novel device in which the information is electronic while the modulation command is optical. The model, relying on the classic Shockley's analysis, is simple and useful for analyzing and synthesizing the voltage-current relations of the device at low drain voltage. Analytical expressions were derived for the output current as function of the input drain and gate voltages with a parameterization of the physical values such as the doping concentrations, channel and oxide thicknesses, and the optical control energy. A prototype SOI-PAM device having an area of 4 μm × 3 μm with known parameters is used to experimentally validate and support the model. Finally, the model allows the understanding of the physical mechanisms inside the device for both dark and under illumination conditions, and it will be used to optimize and to find the performance limits of the device.


Enforcing fine-grained Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is critical for increasing software security. However, for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) binaries, constructing highprecision Control-Flow Graphs (CFGs) is challenging, because there is no source-level information, such as symbols and types, to assist in indirect-branch target inference. The lack of sourcelevel information brings extra challenges to inferring targets for indirect calls compared to other kinds of indirect branches. Points-to analysis could be a promising solution for this problem, but there is no practical points-to analysis framework for inferring indirect call targets at the binary level. Value set analysis (VSA) is the state-of-the-art binary-level points-to analysis but does not scale to large programs. It is also highly conservative by design and thus leads to low-precision CFG construction. In this paper, we present a binary-level points-to analysis framework called BPA to construct sound and high-precision CFGs. It is a new way of performing points-to analysis at the binary level with the focus on resolving indirect call targets. BPA employs several major techniques, including assuming a block memory model and a memory access analysis for partitioning memory into blocks, to achieve a better balance between scalability and precision. In evaluation, we demonstrate that BPA achieves a 34.5% precision improvement rate over the current state-of-theart technique without introducing false negatives.


Only seldom have food additives been shown to cause true allergic (immunological) reactions. Adverse effects due to various pharmacological or other mechanisms are much more common. The individual tolerance may be decreased for one reason or another, and may fluctuate from time to time. Many patients suffering from food additive reactions have atopic constitutions and such clinical symptoms as flexural dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The most important skin symptoms caused by food additives are urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and contact urticaria. Azo dyes, benzoic acid and several other common food additives may aggravate or, more rarely, even cause urticaria. Spices are one of the most common causes of immunological contact urticaria. Non‐immunological contact urticaria is produced by numerous spices, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid, and many essential oils. Asthma and rhinitis are the main hypersensitivity symptoms in the respiratory tract, and azo dyes, benzoic acid, and sulfitic food additives are the most common causative agents. Systemic and respiratory reactions to food colorants and benzoates have been claimed to occur more frequently in acetylsalicylic acid‐ (ASA‐)sensitive patients than in non‐reactors. Hypersensitivity reactions in organs other than the skin and respiratory tract are rare or poorly documented. Psychological factors play an essential role in both food and food additive reactions.


Structural optimization has become an important tool for structural designers, since it allows a better exploitation of material, thus decreasing structure self-weight and saving material costs. Moreover, it helps the designer to find innovative design solutions and structural forms that not only better exploit material but also give the structure higher aesthetic value from an architectural point of view. When applied to real scale structures like bridges, this approach leads to the definition of voids patterns delimiting regions where fluxes of force migrate from force application point to boundary regions and suggests innovative layouts without renouncing to formal and structural aspects. Nevertheless, the criticality of this powerful tool is related to the ease of defining entire families of possible candidate solutions, by modifying input volume reduction ratio to reduce structural weight as much as possible or defining several starting trial solutions based on the judgment of designer. In this case, structural optimization still leads to the best material distribution, but finding the best compromise between material saving and structural performance is a designer choice. To face this aspect, a global optimization index (GOI) has been defined and applied to the structural optimization of a steel-concrete arch bridge built is San Dona in the province of Venice, Italy. On the basis of this work, a generalized version of the optimization index is proposed and its analytical formulation is discussed in detail in this thesis. The application of proposed optimization index is extended from topology optimization to other optimization techniques. Moreover it allows not only to identify best candidate solution originated by a unique reference model, but even comparing structural performances between candidates solution derived by several starting trial solutions. Through structural optimization procedure performed on three different type bridges, namely footbridges supported by concrete shell, Calatrava Bridge (steel arch bridge) and two cable-stayed bridges, the effectiveness of proposed optimization index is validated. The results show that the proposed optimization index provides to the designer a mathematical procedure able to highlight the best choice among several candidate solutions obtained by the optimization procedure. With the proposed optimization index, a suitable score for each design solution of specific starting layout is assigned, therefore the best overall layout solution which is the best compromise between material saving and structural performance can be highlighted among single-family multi-solutions or multi-families or multi-solutions.


Objective: The aim of the study is to provide a systematic review of the potential evidence for the effect of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) on stability of dental implants. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis. An extensive and comprehensive electronic search was carried out from January 2000 to March 2021, independently by author in PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science irrespective of publication status, date, or language. For any registered ongoing or completed but unpublished trial, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register websites were searched. Randomized, controlled, and clinical trials which assessed the stability of implant with and without use of PRF using Osstell device by radiofrequency analysis were selected. Results: The electronic and manual search yielded 630 studies. In all the eight included studies implant stability was measured using same ISQ units by Osstell device. Meta-analysis was carried out in six studies that had similar comparisons and reported the same outcomes at same time interval. Random effect models have shown pooled mean difference of 4.49 (95% CI 1.22–7.76) for 1-week post-insertion, 3.65 (95% CI 2.21–5.09) for 4-week post insertion, 3.25 (95% CI 0.03–6.47) for 8-week post-insertion, and 2.79 with 95% CI of 0.48, 5.10 for 12-week post-insertion. Conclusions: The present systematic review suggests that PRF is effective in improving secondary implant stability with certain limitations and displays possible implication for clinical practice.


Improving education achievement in Luxembourg is a priority for strengthening productivity growth and enhancing residents. employment prospects in the private sector, where employers mainly hire cross-border workers. Student achievement in Luxembourg is below the OECD average according to the 2003 OECD PISA study, with the performance gap between immigrant and native students being above average. A factor that makes learning more difficult in Luxembourg than in other countries is the use of three languages of instruction (Letzebuergesch, German and French). New empirical evidence presented in this paper based on the PISA tests suggests that the reforms over the past decade or so to attenuate these difficulties have had considerable success: the adverse impact of immigrant status on PISA test scores is around the OECD average. The fact that the performance gap between immigrant and native students is nevertheless greater than average reflects other factors, notably the relatively large difference in socio-economic background between immigrant and native students. The paper also discusses further reforms that are underway or planned to improve achievement of immigrant students. Another feature of Luxembourg.s education system is that it is highly stratified, with children being sorted into a large number of parallel tracks at an early stage and there being a high rate of grade repetition. International evidence suggests that stratification increases the impact of socio-economic background on student achievement. Reforms to reduce stratification are discussed in the remainder of the paper, together with reforms to enhance achievement more generally by improving teaching skills and basing school programmes on key competences. This paper relates to the 2006 Economic Survey of Luxembourg (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/luxembourg).


Elderly experience changes such as physical changes, psychological changes, mental changes and spiritual change. Changes that occur in the elderly will lead to problems in the elderly, one of which is insomnia. Insomnia is the inability to get enough sleep, and if not addressed will impact on the quality of life, productivity and safety, so it needs an effective treatment for reducing insomnia is by a hot bath and aromatherapy lavender. The study design was used quasy draft post experimentation with non equivalent control group design. The  population of this study is the number of elderly in PSTW Tresna Wredha Abiyoso Yogyakarta who have insomnia. The number of samples of this study were 22 respondents were divided into 11 groups of respondents to a hot shower and 11 respondents to the group lavender aromatherapy. Test data normality using Shapiro Wilk and statistical tests using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results showed that the average value of insomnia in a warm water bath group was 4,455 and lavender aromatherapy group is 6.18. The conclusion from this study is lavender aromatherapy group is more effective to reduce insomnia than group warm bath. Keywords: elderly, insomnia, hot baths, aromatherapy lavender


SUMMARY

Simulated annealing has been applied to seismic ray tracing to determine the minimum traveltime ray path connecting two points in complex 3-D media. In contrast to conventional ray tracing schemes such as shooting and bending, simulated annealing ray tracing (SART) overcomes some well-known difficulties regarding multipathing and take-off angle selection. These include local convergence (that is, failing to obtain the ray path with absolute minimum traveltime) and divergence of the take-off angle selection strategy. Under these circumstances, shooting and bending methods may not provide reliable results in highly variable 3-D media. A flexible model representation is used to accommodate a large class of velocity models.


As a parachute descends, its axis of symmetry oscillates about a vertical axis. This oscillation implies angular acceleration, with consequential linear acceleration developing The significance of the acceleration terms in evaluating parachute performance has been long appreciated and commonly allowed for in dynamic stability analysis through introduction of appropriate apparent mass and apparent moment and inertia terms. This research, while dealing specifically with the aerodynamic performance of the parachute, considers the experimental technique to measure the total fluid resistance and apparent mass components of the parachute canopy which are related to the behaviour of any bluff body moving unsteadily through a fluid. Total fluid resistance and apparent mass components were evaluated by measuring forces and moments with strain gauges during the relative motion of parachute models submerged in water in a ship tank. While being towed by the motion of the carriage, a slider crank mechanism caused the sting-mounted canopies to be harmonically oscillated at a low frequency along any required line which was parallel to the tank bed. Results show that the apparent mass components depend on the shape of the canopy, its angle of attack and the acceleration modulus (the product of the acceleration of the canopy and its diameter divided by velocity squared) and, except at high values of the latter, can be considerably in excess of potential flow evaluations. A set of differential equations which describe the threedimensional motion of the parachute canopy-store system during descent were developed. The non-linear equation of motions were solved numerically. The effect on dynamic stability due to the variation of system parameters was studied and appropriate stability criteria were developed. Results show that the resultant dynamic performance is highly sensitive to the chosen values of the apparent mass components.


Background The transcription factor c-Myb has been well characterized as an oncogene in several human tumor types, and its expression in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population is essential for proper hematopoiesis. However, the role of c-Myb in mammopoeisis and breast tumorigenesis is poorly understood, despite its high expression in the majority of breast cancer cases (60–80%). Methodology/Principal Findings We find that c-Myb high expression in human breast tumors correlates with the luminal/ER+ phenotype and a good prognosis. Stable RNAi knock-down of endogenous c-Myb in the MCF7 luminal breast tumor cell line increased tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role in luminal breast cancer. We created a mammary-derived c-Myb expression signature, comprised of both direct and indirect c-Myb target genes, and found it to be highly correlated with a published mature luminal mammary cell signature and least correlated with a mammary stem/progenitor lineage gene signature. Conclusions/Significance These data describe, for the first time, a possible tumor suppressor role for the c-Myb proto-oncogene in breast cancer that has implications for the understanding of luminal tumorigenesis and for guiding treatment.


INTRODUCTION
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulopathy.

OBJECTIVE
Classify IgAN according to the new Oxford's classification.

METHODS
We analyzed the renal biopsies from the Nephropathology Service of UFTM, among 1996 to 2010, with a diagnosis of IgAN. We assessed gender, age, presence of hematuria, patterns/intensity of the lesions, deposition of IgA, IgG, IgM, Kappa, Lambda, C3, C1q and fibrinogen. Based on the histological alterations, the biopsies were characterized according to the Oxford Classification, and the clinicomorfological correlation was made. Significative results for p < 0,05.

RESULTS
A total of 164 cases biopsies, predominantly male (53.7%) and adults (93.3%). We characterized the patients according Oxford Classification, there was a predominance of the pattern M0 (85,3%), S1 (53,1%), E0 (65,2%) e T0 (70,1%). About the clinicomorfological correlation, we observed more severe proteinuria comparing M1 to M0 (p < 0,008), low estimated GFR (p < 0,001) and more frequent hypertension (p < 0,001) comparing T0, T1 e T2. On immunofluorescence, there is a predominance of IgA (100% of cases), with co-deposition of C3 (99.37% of cases), Kappa (96.25%), Lambda (91.25%) and IgM (76.92%). Correlation was found between IgA intensity and C3, Kappa and Lambda.

CONCLUSION
In this study, IgA nephropathy was predominant in males, the more frequent patterns were the M0, S1, E0 and T0, with more severe proteinuria and the enhance of mesangial hypercellularity, besides larger prevalence of hypertension/worse kidney function according the tubulo-interstitial injuries.


Cystometry is a standard procedure for the clinical evaluation of lower urinary tract disorders such as detrusor overactivity (DO). The utility of this procedure for DO diagnosis, however, is limited by the use of physician observations of bladder contractions and patient reported filling sensations. Although a number of preclinical and clinical studies have observed and developed methods to characterize bladder pressure dynamics, these techniques have not been scaled for routine clinical application. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using an awake large animal model to characterize bladder pressure signals from cystometry as bladder pressure spectra and quantify changes in spectra during bladder filling. Two adult female sheep were trained for quiet catheterization in a minimally supportive sling and underwent multiple awake and limited anesthetized cystometry tests. In each test, bladder pressure was measured during continuous filling or with filling that included periods of no filling (constant volume). A Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT)-based algorithm was then used to quantify changes in pre-voiding bladder pressure spectra. Changes in Spectral Power (SP) and Weighted Average Frequency (WAF) were calculated during filling. To visualize temporal changes in bladder pressure frequencies during filling, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was also applied to cystometry data. Results showed that a significant increase in SP and decrease in WAF were both associated with bladder filling. However, during awake constant volume tests, SP significantly increased while changes in WAF were nonsignificant. Anesthetized tests demonstrated comparable values to awake tests for WAF while SP was considerably reduced. CWT facilitated visualization of spectral changes associated with SP and WAF as well as apparent non-voiding contractions during awake and anesthetized volume tests.Clinical Relevance—Bladder pressure spectra during cystometry are detectable in sheep and the changes during filling are similar to those observed in human retrospective clinical data. Sheep cystometry may be a valuable testbed for establishing and testing quantitative pressure spectra for use as a clinical diagnostic tool.


A novel plaque boundary extraction method for an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image employing image separability and Takagi-Sugeno's fuzzy inference model is presented. The membership functions are allocated heuristically with special consideration of the features of the IVUS image. The method has not only improved the accuracy of plaque boundary extraction but has also reduced the workload of medical doctors.


Repair of the rotator cuff usually eliminates pain and improves the over-all function of the shoulder. Good function of the shoulder depends on the patient regaining a nearly normal passive and active range of motion with sufficient strength to perform activities of daily living, work, and sports13. Failure of procedures for repair of the rotator cuff usually is ascribed to disruption of the repair itself and may be associated with both pain and loss of active motion. However, loss of motion may occur with or without disruption of the repair and may be due to postoperative adhesions and actual capsular contracture.

The prevalence of loss of motion has not been clearly reported in previous studies of the results of repair of the rotator cuff. A review of series of such procedures that were performed over the previous two decades revealed that, of 500 patients, twenty-one (4 per cent) had loss of motion that was believed to be due to postoperative adhesions2,5,6,8,14,15,17,21,24,31,32,39. Many reports have not included quantitative measurements of postoperative motion compared with preoperative motion; thus, it is difficult to arrive at an accurate appraisal of the prevalence of shoulder stiffness after repair of the rotator cuff. The senior one of us (J. J. P. W.) has found that loss of passive motion is not uncommon after repair of the rotator cuff, and although the patient may not always be symptomatic treatment may be necessary.

The purpose of the current paper is to review the variables involved in loss of motion after repair of the rotator cuff and to describe an approach for its evaluation and treatment.

Some loss of motion after repair of …


We previously reported that Hydnocarpi Semen (HS) has a wound healing effect on diabetic foot ulcer lesion in mice. In this study, ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction from HS extract were evaluated for their wound healing activity by using in vitro acute inflammation model. GC and GC/MS analysis shows that the main constituents in EtOAc fraction are chaulmoogric acid, hydnocarpic acid, and gorlic acid. EtOAc fraction activated macrophages to increase the production of TNF-α. The fraction also increased the production of TGF-β and VEGF, which induced fibroblast activation and angiogenesis. These results suggest that the mechanism that the fraction helps to enhance healing of skin wound is possibly associated with the production of TNF-α, as well as secretion of VEGF, TGF-β and HS may have a new bioactive material for the treatment of skin wound.


We analyse the relationships between galaxy morphology, colour, environment and stellar mass using data for over 105 objects from Galaxy Zoo, the largest sample of visually classified morphologies yet compiled. We conclusively show that colour and morphology fractions are very different functions of environment. Both colour and morphology are sensitive to stellar mass. However, at fixed stellar mass, while colour is also highly sensitive to environment, morphology displays much weaker environmental trends. Only a small part of both the morphology–density and colour–density relations can be attributed to the variation in the stellar-mass function with environment. Galaxies with high stellar masses are mostly red in all environments and irrespective of their morphology. Low stellar-mass galaxies are mostly blue in low-density environments, but mostly red in high-density environments, again irrespective of their morphology. While galaxies with early-type morphology do always have higher red fractions, this is subdominant compared to the dependence of red fraction on stellar mass and environment. The colour–density relation is primarily driven by variations in colour fractions at fixed morphology, in particular the fraction of spiral galaxies that have red colours, and especially at low stellar masses. We demonstrate that our red spirals primarily include galaxies with true spiral morphology, and that they constitute an additional population to the S0 galaxies considered by previous studies. We clearly show there is an environmental dependence for colour beyond that for morphology. The environmental transformation of galaxies from blue to red must occur on significantly shorter time-scales than the transformation from spiral to early-type. We also present many of our results as functions of the distance to the nearest galaxy group. This confirms that the environmental trends we present are not specific to the manner in which environment is quantified, but nevertheless provides plain evidence for an environmental process at work in groups. However, the properties of group members show little dependence on the total mass of the group they inhabit, at least for group masses ≳1013M⊙. Before using the Galaxy Zoo morphologies to produce the above results, we first quantify a luminosity-, size- and redshift-dependent classification bias that affects this data set, and probably most other studies of galaxy population morphology. A correction for this bias is derived and applied to produce a sample of galaxies with reliable morphological-type likelihoods, on which we base our analysis.


In the present study we investigated the milking characteristics and the oxytocin release in dairy cows milked after either manual prestimulation or a premilking period with pulsating liners at normal pulsation rate (60) and ratio (60:40) while the pulsation chamber vacuum (PCV) was reduced to 20 kPa to prevent the opening of the liners. During the milking trial with 8 cows the PCV reduction was started either before attachment (PCV-1) or immediately after attachment (PCV-2) of the teat cups. Milk yields, total milking times, average milk flows, peak flow rates, the duration of milk flow plateaus, and the duration of milk flow declines did not differ among the 3 treatments. Only the time to reach peak milk flow was prolonged when the vacuum reduction was started after teat cup attachment (PCV-2). In this treatment, milk flow >200 g/min already occurred during the premilking period, resulting in bimodal milk flow curves. In 5 of the 8 cows, plasma oxytocin (OT) concentrations were measured from -2 min before the start of milking until 3 min of milking to compare the OT release in response to manual prestimulation and during PCV-1. In both treatments, OT increased similarly and remained elevated until the end of measurements. Consequently, the areas under the curve of OT concentrations did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, milking performance is similar if milking is performed after manual prestimulation or after normal pulsation at reduced PCV. To prevent milk flow during the prestimulation period, it is of crucial importance to start the reduction of the PCV before cluster attachment.


BACKGROUND: Chilling is traditionally assessed in France based on the number of hours below 7°C. OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of two diurnal temperatures (11°C, 16°C) with a night temperature below 7°C for chilling effect. METHODS: 'Gariguette' cv. potted plants were grown with temperatures above 10°C in 2009 and above 14°C in 2010 until the onset of chilling conditions. Plants were transferred into controlled conditions during 68 days and exposed to 11°C/2°C or 16°C/2°C day/night temperatures, to differentiate four treatments: a) "mild" conditions (16°C/2°C day/night); b) "cold" conditions (11°C/ 2°C day/night); c) "mild then cold" conditions (34 days each); d) "cold then mild" conditions (34 days each). Potted plants were then transferred to a heated plastic tunnel for fruit production assessment. RESULTS: The "mild" treatment showed a lower fruit yield than the "cold" treatment. This negative effect of the "mild" treatment was compensated when plants were exposed to the "cold" treatment during half of the chilling duration ("cold then mild" or "mild then cold" treatment). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that temperature fluctuations above 7°C have to be taken into account in case of a long chilling.


Present study aimed to explore the ability of  Trigonella foenium graceum (TFG) and Emblica officinalis  (EO) extracts  inducing the analgesic effect in comparison with diclofenac acid, Analgesic activity was assessed thermally as well as chemically induced pain by using hot plate test and formalin test. For hot plate experiment twenty albino mice were used of average weight 20g, randomly divided into four groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts and diclofenac acid and mixture of TFG and EO orally at doses of 50mg/kg B.W, 250mg/kg B.W, 2mg/kg B.W and mixture of half doses of TFG and EO (25mg/kg B.W and 125mg/kg B.W respectively. TFG and EO extracts apart caused a significant increase in the reactive time to the thermal stimulus.For formalin experiment twenty five mice were used of average weight 20gm, randomly divided into five groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts apart and mixture of half doses of both orally at same doses mentioned in hot plate experiment before the injection of 10 microliter ( μL) of 2% of formalin have showed a significant antinociceptive effect at the phases (early and late) and this may be attributed to their inhibitory effect on the nociceptive system and inflammatory mediators.


Virologic assays continue to evolve in order to meet the needs of HIV-infected patients and their health care providers. Genotypic and phenotypic assays for resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors have clear roles in disease management, with both types of assay having advantages and disadvantages. The failure of current assays to identify or measure the presence of minority resistant variants has clinical implications, since presence of such variants is associated with increased risk of virologic failure. Viral fitness may be relevant to disease management, but clinical role of available assays has not been determined. HIV coreceptor tropism assays will also be a crucial tool in the use of coreceptor antagonists, and data are emerging that will define pathways to treatment failure when using these new agents and the new integrase inhibitors. One clear finding for all antiretroviral drugs is that they select for resistance and must be used with good optimized background therapy to avoid virologic failure. This article summarizes a presentation on viral assays made by Eric S. Daar, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in Chicago in May 2007. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.


The objective of this report was to use topical gaseous ozone as an adjunct to conventional treatment methods and to describe the multidisciplinary management of bisphosphonate associated bone necrosis, which developed following endodontic treatment. No complaints were noted by the patients at their 1-year follow-up and the treatment showed favorable prognosis.


Introduction: Recognition of professional and unprofessional behaviors is the most important and fundamental factor which affects the relationships between the doctors and patients. Therefore, in order to progress in their professional life, doctors are supposed to understand and follow these behaviors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study. All students in teaching hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were eligible to participate (374 individuals with census method). The data were collected using a questionnaire containing 29 questions about the concept of medical professionalism. Here, participation of medical students in unprofessional behaviors and the relevance of this participation with the perception of these behaviors were considered. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 15, using descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson correlation test. Results: According to the obtained data, despite the fact that all students (140 students in the junior and 234 in the senior years as interns) had passed the course of professionalism (95.7%), the perception of unprofessional behaviors between the two groups was significantly different (p<0.001) and the mean of the perception among junior students was higher than the interns. No significant difference was observed in participation in unprofessional behavior rates of the two groups (p=0.451).Moreover, the data did not reveal a strong relationship between participation in unprofessional behavior and what is taught in the curriculum (p=0.079). Conclusion: Medical students' perception of unprofessional behaviors as acceptable may increase their participation in these behaviors. Thus, medical policy makers should consider approaches beyond simply providing ethical and professional guidelines or policies, and students should be regularly evaluated for their activities; their professional behaviors should be evaluated in order to temper them, when appropriate.


s S 155 976 Coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve by contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography predict long-term outcome in heart transplantation F. Tona 1 , A.L.P. Caloric 1 , R. Montisci 2, A. Gambino a, A. Ramondo 1 , A. Angelini 4 G. Gerosa 3, S. Iliceto 1. r Cardiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; 2Cardiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; S University of Padova, Cardiovascular Surgery, Padova, Italy; 4 University of Padova, Cardiac Pathology, Padova, Italy Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major obstacle to long-term graft survival. We assessed the validity of coronary flow velocity pattern analysis and coronary flow reserve (CFR) by contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography (CETTE) during adenosine infusion as a marker of long-term outcome after heart transplantation (HT). Deceleration time of diastolic flow velocity (DDT) and CFR were measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) by CE-TTE in 78 HT patients (pts) (65 male, aged 50±12 years at HT, at 8.1 ±4.3 years after HT). Coronary flow velocity in the LAD was detected at rest and during infusion of adenosine (0.14 mg/kg/min). CFR was obtained as the ratio of hyperaemic diastolic mean velocity (DMV) to resting DMV. Angiographic data were analyzed using a qualitative grading system: grade I, normal angiogram; grade II, luminal irregularities, diameter reduction < 30%; grade III, diameter reduction < 50%; grade IV, diameter reduction >50% and/or diffuse narrowing of small vessels. CAV was defined as angiographic changes of grade II or greater. Follow up was 18±5 months. Clinical events were considered to be cardiac death, need for hospitalisation and stent implantation and heart failure. At univariate analysis pts with clinical events had an higher CAV incidence (p=0.002), an higher CAV grade (p=0.003), a shorter DDT (p=0.006) and a lower CFR (p=0.006). A DDT cutpoint of _< 840 ms, identified by ROC curve analysis (AUC 0.797, SE 0.075, 95% CI 0.649-0.945, p=0.01), was 74% specific and 86% sensitive for predicting events, with positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 31% and 97% respectively (p=0.002). A CFR cutpoint of _< 2.6 (AUC 0.851, SE 0.061,95% CI 0.732-0.971, p=0.003) was 66% specific and 91% sensitive for predicting clinical events, (PPV= 32%, NPV=g7%) (p=0.001). Pts with CFR _< 2.6 and pts with DDT _< 840 ms had a lower survival free from events (p=0.0003 and p=0.01, respectively). By Cox regression analysis only a lower CFR predicts the risk of long-term cardiac events (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.5-20.4, p=0.O08). Noninvasive assessment by C E-TTE reveals that shorter DDT and lower CFR appear to be reliable surrogate markers for subsequent adverse events and that CFR is the main independent predictor of poor outcome in HT pts. ATRIAL FUNCTION AND SOURCE OF EMBOLISM 978 Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale after cryptogenic stroke: absence of recurrence in a high risk subgroup JM. Meier, A. Berger, A. Delabays, G. Girod, P. Vogt, D. Graf, J.C. Stauffer, E. Eeckhout. University Hospital, Dept. of Cardiology, Lausanne, Switzerland Background: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is being recognized as the treatment of choice for high risk young patients (pts) who suffered cryptogenic stroke (CS) attributed to paradoxical embolism. Pts who present a first CS and the association of PFO and interatrial septal aneurysm (IAS) defined as a mobility of the atrial septum > 10 mm are considered at high risk of recurrence under conservative medical treatment. Methods: We prospectively collected data of pts who underwent percutaneous closure of PFO after at least 1 cryptogenic stroke as defined after extensive neurological evaluation. All pts presented with an IAS defined as an excursion of the interatrial septum > 10 mm during M-mode transeesephageal echocardiography. Two devices were used: PFO-Star (Cardia Inc, Burnsville, MN) and Starflex (NMT Medical Inc, Boston, MA). Right-to-left shunt was controlled at rest and during a Valsalva maneuver after percutaneous closure at 1,3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up by contrast transthoracic echocardiography. As long as a significant residual shunt was present (> 9 microbubbles), pts were maintained under Aspirin prophylaxis. Results: 64 pts were consecutively enrolled (women: 39%; age: 23-73 years, mean: 46 years). 11 PFO-Star and 53 Starflex devices were implanted. Intervention was successful in all pts, with only 3 periprocedural complications (transient atrial fibrillation, asymptomatic coronary air embolism, regressive brachial plexopathy). Two significant complication occurring after discharge (one right atria thrembus and one fistula between right atria and aorta) were conservatively managed with success. Five pts (8%) showad a significant residual shunt 6 months after closure. The follow-up of our pts ranged 6 to 72 months (mean 24 months). No recurrent cerebrevascular accident was noted during clinical follow-up. Conclusion: Our data compare favorably with reported risk of recurrence of 8% under conservative medical treatment at 2 years in a similarly designed population. This suggest that percutaneous closure is efficient in preventing recurrent stroke. Patients with residual significant right to left shunt should be maintained under Aspirin prophylaxis under a long term basis. Forthcoming randomized trials should confirm the result of this single center prospective study. 979 Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis a "benign" disease? I.S. Craciunescu, I. Arsenescu, M. Serban, I. Ghiorghiu, A. Craciunescu, C. Ginghina, E. Apetrei. Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiology Department, Bucharest, Romania Background: Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease, accounting for almost 4% of all cases. In the past few decades, the clinical importance of UEDVT has increased because of the wider use of central venous catheters and the development of ultrasonography as a simple and accurate diagnostic method. Objective: The aim of this study was to to evaluate the risk of clinically detectable pulmonary embolism, recurrent DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with UEDVT. Methods: The cases of thrombosis involving the brachiocephalic veins were evaluated retrospectively in an university hospital during 5-year period. Diagnosis was performed based on Doppler ultrasound examination (96%) or computed tomography (4%). Results: Thirty-two patients with upper limb DVT were studied. We identified risk factors for thrombosis in 29 patients: eleven patients had different types of primary thrombophilia (antiphospholipid antibodies 4 cases, protein S deficiency 4 cases, antithrombin III deficiency 2 cases, factor V Leiden mutation 1 case). One patient had thoracic outlet syndrome. Eighteen patients developed secondary thrombosis, associated with central venous catheters (10 cases) and cancer (8 cases). In all the cases of malignancy, UEDVT was the first event who led to the diagnosis. Pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated the evolution of 8 patients (25%) and developed before thrombosis being treated. The average time between the onset of the thrombosis and the appearance of clinical PE was 14 days. Lower rates of PE ware found in patients diagnosed and treated in the first 10 days of the onset of symptoms (16,6% vs. 50%) All patients received anticoagulant therapy. Complementary surgical procedure for thoracic outlet syndrome was performed (first rib resection). We didn't find any recurrent events. Post-thrombotic syndrome with moderate obstruction on ultrasonography was found on 6 patients (18,7%), but only one patient developed clinical manifestations. Conclusion: Thrombosis of the brachiocephalic veins is a rare thromboembolic disease, but with potentially serious complications. Pulmonary embolism is the most common complication of UEDVT (25%). Early detection and treatment of the disease decrease the incidence of complications. We found low rates of postthrombotic syndrome in patients with UEDVT (18,7%). 980 Real time 3-dimensional echocardiography improves the evaluation of intracardiac masses E Asch 1 S. Bieganski 2, J. Panza 3, N.J. Weissman 3. 1 Washington Hospital Center, Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Washington, United States of America; 2 Medstar Research Institute, Cardiovascular Core Lab, Washington DC, United States of America; 3 Washington Hospital Center, Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America The size of an intracardiac mass (ICM) has important clinical relevance as a predictor for embolic events and for follow-up during treatment. Maximum diameter (MD) measurements from 2D transtheracic (TTE) or transesophageal (TEE) echo are routinely used to determine mass size. Hov~ver, most masses are irregularly shaped making it difficult to accurately measure the MD and thus leading to its underestimation. Real Time 3D echo (RT3DE) can acquire the entire volume of a mass. Hypothesis: measurements of the MD of a mass by 3D echo will be greater than that obtained by 2D echo, with better reproducibility. Methods: Patients with ICM by TTE or TEE were also imaged using RT3DE. MD was independently measured off-line by 2D and RT3DE. Volume of the mass was calculated by RT3DE. Analysis was done by 2 independent readers for interobserver variability. Paired T-test, Bland-Altman analysis of differences and Bivariate linear regression were used. Results: 19 ICM were evaluated in 17 patients. Interobserver variability was significantly lower for RT3DE (mean of difference 1.6-1-1.1 vs 2.8±2.2 mm, p=0.01). There was a high degree of correlation between 2D and 3D measurements: 2D MD had fair correlation with 3D volumes both for TTE (R2=0.72, p<0.001) and TEE (R2=0.56, p<0.001). Comparison of MD measured by TTE and RT3DE showed consistently higher measurements by RT3DE (9.5mm difference, 2D underestimation of 24.6%, p=0.001) regardless of size,


ABSTRACT The emergence of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) limit the efficacy of prostate cancer treatment. Using genetic knockdown and chemical inhibitors, we demonstrate the critical role of Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4) in promoting mitochondrial fission and sustaining CSC expansion. These findings provide a new paradigm for developing novel treatment strategies for prostate cancer.


Let $G$ be a bridgeless multigraph with $m$ edges and $n_2$ vertices of degree two and let $cc(G)$ be the length of its shortest cycle cover. It is known that if $cc(G) < 1.4m$ in bridgeless graphs with $n_2 \le m/10$, then the Cycle Double Cover Conjecture holds. Fan (2017)  proved that if $n_2 = 0$, then $cc(G) < 1.6258m$ and $cc(G) < 1.6148m$ provided that $G$ is loopless; morever, if $n_2 \le m/30$, then $cc(G) < 1.6467m$. We show that for a bridgeless multigraph with $m$ edges and $n_2$ vertices of degree two, $cc(G) < 1.6148m + 0.0741n_2$. Therefore, if $n_2=0$, then $cc(G) < 1.6148m$ even if $G$ has loops; if $n_2 \le m/30$, then $cc(G) < 1.6173m$; and if $n_2 \le m/10$, then $cc(G) < 1.6223|E(G)|$. Our improvement is obtained by randomizing Fan's construction.


Objective: A variety of interstitial cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) based on glioma stem cells(GSC) have the function to promote malignant progression of tumors, but whether these interstitial cells have already undergone malignant transformation and their related molecular characteristics are still poorly understood. Methods: Human SU3-RFP glioma stem cells (GSC) stably transfected with red fluorescent protein (RFP) and interstitial cells from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic nude mice were co-cultured in vitro. SU3-RFP cells were also inoculated in different tissues of EGFP-Balb/c nude mice. Immortal EGFP(+) cells were monocloned either from co-culture cells in vitro, or from their xenografts in vivo. These immortal EGFP(+) cells were confirmed to bear characteristics of tumor cell via chromosomal analysis and tumorigenicity assay. Related molecular phenotypes of these cells were further detected through RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunochemistry(IHC) techniques. Results: (1) Two EGFP(+) cell lines were obtained in vitro, and 5 EGFP(+) cell lines were obtained in vivo tumorigenic experiments. Seven EGFP(+) cell lines all have characteristics of self-renewal, heteroploid of chromosomes and 100% tumorigenicity. (2) Cell surface marker analysis showed cell origin of these cell lines were macrophages (tMΦ1 and tMΦ2 ), dendritic cells (tDC1 and tDC2), fibroblasts (tFB), oligodendrocytes (tOG) and BMSC cells (tBMSC), respectively. (3)All of these seven cell lines co-expressed Sca-1 and c-myc, and have Sox-2 or Nanog expression also, which suggest that they may bear molecular characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. Conclusions: (1) Tumor stromal cells in TME have undergone malignant transformation, which is related to the tissue remodeling of TME by GSCs, and not limit to the specific type of their parasitic tissues. (2) Tumor cells originated from GSC and tumor interstitial cells, respectively, are two major types of tumor cells with different origins in glioma parenchyma, can not be simply regarded as tumor heterogeneity, transformed interstitial cells of TME may have the potential to serve as new targets for target diagnosis and therapy.


This paper describes a study of the leakage current activity on glass-type insulators of high-voltage transmission lines over a three-month period. Three pairs of sensor systems were installed, one on a 500-kV field tower and the other two on 230-kV and 500-kV substation towers, all in the northeast region of Brazil. The locations were chosen due to their particular environment characteristics and the previous knowledge of pollution severity in these locations. The correlation of the leakage current attributes with in situ humidity records, insulator positions on the tower, and seasonality are discussed.


The endothelial barrier plays an important role in atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. In the present study, an accurate, reproducible, and user-friendly method was used to further understand endothelial barrier function of conduit arteries. An isovolumic method was used to measure the hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) of the intact vessel wall and medial-adventitial layer. Normal arterial segments with diameters from 0.2 to 5.5 mm were used to validate the method, and femoral arteries of diabetic rats were studied as an example of pathological specimens. Various arterial segments confirmed that the volume flux of water per unit surface area was linearly related to intraluminal pressure, as confirmed in microvessels. L(p) of the intact wall varied from 3.5 to 22.1 × 10(-7) cm·s(-1)·cmH(2)O(-1) over the pressure range of 7-180 mmHg. Over the same pressure range, L(p) of the endothelial barrier changed from 4.4 to 25.1 × 10(-7) cm·s(-1)·cmH(2)O(-1). During perfusion with albumin-free solution, L(p) of rat femoral arteries increased from 6.1 to 13.2 × 10(-7) cm·s(-1)·cmH(2)O(-1) over the pressure range of 10-180 mmHg. Hyperglycemia increased L(p) of the femoral artery in diabetic rats from 2.9 to 5.5 × 10(-7) cm·s(-1)·cmH(2)O(-1) over the pressure range of 20-135 mmHg. In conclusion, the L(p) of a conduit artery can be accurately and reproducibly measured using a novel isovolumic method, which in diabetic rats is hyperpermeable. This is likely due to disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx.


Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met the Army of the Potomac under George B. McClellan at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland on September 17, 1862. Before the day was done, nearly 23,000 men were killed, wounded, or missing, memorializing Antietam as the bloodiest single day in American military history. Dr. Jonathan Letterman, the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, Clara Barton, the "Angel of the Battlefield," and Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chief Surgeon to and Medical Director of General Stonewall Jackson's Corps, were among the nursing and medical personnel engaged on that historic day. These three individuals provided medical and nursing care to the casualties at Antietam (and other Civil War battles), but perhaps more importantly, developed systems of casualty management that brought order and humanity to the battlefield. These models of care continue today in modern military medicine.


Efficient identification of people and objects, segmentation of regions of interest and extraction of relevant data in images, texts, audios and videos are evolving considerably in these past years, which deep learning methods, combined with recent improvements in computational resources, contributed greatly for this achievement. Although its outstanding potential, development of efficient architectures and modules requires expert knowledge and amount of resource time available. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary-based neural architecture search approach for efficient discovery of convolutional models in a dynamic search space, within only 24 GPU hours. With its efficient search environment and phenotype representation, Gene Expression Programming is adapted for network's cell generation. Despite having limited GPU resource time and broad search space, our proposal achieved similar state-of-the-art to manually-designed convolutional networks and also NAS-generated ones, even beating similar constrained evolutionary-based NAS works. The best cells in different runs achieved stable results, with a mean error of 2.82 % in CIFAR-10 dataset (which the best model achieved an error of 2.67 %) and 18.83 % for CIFAR-100 (best model with 18.16 %). For ImageNet in the mobile setting, our best model achieved top-l and top-5 errors of 29.51 % and 10.37 %, respectively. Although evolutionary-based NAS works were reported to require a considerable amount of GPU time for architecture search, our approach obtained promising results in little time, encouraging further experiments in evolutionary-based NAS, for search and network representation improvements.


In order to further study the vertical velocity profile with suspended sediment in open channel, a series of experiments were conducted in a flume. The time average velocity data were calculated by the measured time average velocity data, and compared with the results obtained from dip modified log law for the vertical profile of open channel flow. The results indicate that the time-averaged velocity profile accord with the dip modified log law. However, under different conditions of flow and sediments and boundary, the related parameters in dip modified formula are different. The study of this paper can deepen the recognition of vertical distribution in open channel flow.


DHCPv4 (RFC 2131) is a stable, widely used protocol for configuration
of host systems in a TCP/IPv4 network. It did not provide for
authentication of clients and servers, nor did it provide for data
confidentiality. This is reflected in the original "Security
Considerations" section of RFC 2131, which identifies a few threats
and leaves development of any defenses against those threats to future
work. In about 1995, DHCP security began to attract attention from the
Internet community, eventually resulting in the publication of RFC
3118 in 2001. Although RFC 3118 was a mandatory prerequisite for the
DHCPv4 Reconfigure Extension, RFC 3203, it has had no known usage by
any commercial or private implementation since its adoption. The DHC
Working Group adopted a work item for 2003 to review and modify or
replace RFC 3118 to afford a workable, easily deployed security
mechanism for DHCPv4. This memo provides a threat analysis of the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for Ipv4 (DHCPv4) for use both as
RFC 2131 advances from Draft Standard to Full Standard and to support
our chartered work improving the acceptance and deployment of RFC
3118.


Manganese-containing anode sludge is a common side-product in the electrowinning of zinc. The anode sludge consists mainly of oxidized manganese, but also lesser amounts of lead, calcium, and other minor metals. The impurities present in the anode sludge mandate new recycling strategies for its efficient use. This work demonstrates a novel method for selective manganese recovery from lead- and calcium-bearing manganese oxide solid residue. Leaching with sulfuric acid in the presence of a selected reducing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide or citric acid, yields a concentrated MnSO4 solution with high selectivity over calcium and lead. Manganese yields up to 98% can be obtained. Minimization of calcium and lead in final manganese product can be accomplished with the correct choice of leaching conditions. Alongside manganese sulfate solution, leaching residue with high content of lead and silver was also formed.


suggested that the author might with advantage have made the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations more central to his text. Not only would an endeavor to show how that instrument reflected postwar developments be an interesting exercise, but the adoption of the Convention by sixty-five states, from all regions, is likely to ensure its predominance over future practice. In view of the author's reliance on English precedents, it may be pointed out that the Act of Anne is no longer in force, having been repealed by the 1964 Diplomatic Privileges Act, which is not discussed.


A monopulse tracking subsystem for unmanned aerial vehicle is described. It is composed of a septum polarizer and a TM01 circular waveguide mode tracking coupler. The tracking coupler utilizes only two parallel slots for sensing TM01 mode which made the system more compact along with a very small size. The whole monopusle tracking subsystem was designed, fabricated and tested for the Ku-band (14.4–15.5). It provides an excellent return loss > 28dB, an axial ratio better than 0.45dB and an isolation between the sum and the difference signals more than 50dB.