The course of infection with Eimeria vermiformis was determined in BALB/b, BALB/c, and C57BL/10ScSn (B10) mice and in radiation chimeras prepared from the H-2-compatible BALB/b and B10 mice. The BALB strains, irrespective of H-2 haplotype, were resistant, the B10 mice were susceptible, and in the chimeras infection was characterized by the genotype of the donated bone-marrow cells and not by the phenotype of the recipient. Thus, the genetic control of relative resistance or susceptibility to infection with this parasite is expressed through bone-marrow-derived cells.


This research aimed to determine the implementation of the hidden curriculum in EFL learners' interest. This research was conducted in AL-FITYAN Senior Hight School Gowa. Qualitative approach employed in this study. More specifically, this research employed the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection procedures in this study were the observation, recoding, and interview. Based on the research, it can be seen that the spiritual-cultural aspect of hidden curriculum was implemented in the first class. The findings show that the teacher employed some elements in implementing the hidden curriculum in term of spiritual-cultural aspect. (1) Giving advice and guidance, (2) providing inspiring story and utterance, and (3) applying exemplary. Furthermore, the effects of hidden curriculum implementation can emerge learners' awareness so that they can be happy, enthusiastic, focus, and avoid their resistance in learning. The result of that, can stimulate the learners' interest and then construct their attention and motivation.


Data clouds in general, and cloud data warehouses (CDWs) in particular, have lowered the upfront expertise and infrastructure barriers, making it easy for a wider range of users to query large and diverse sources of data. This has made modern data pipelines more complex, harder to optimize, and therefore less resource efficient. As a result, the ongoing cost of data clouds can easily become prohibitively expensive. Further, since CDWs are general-purpose solutions that must serve a wide range of workloads, their out-of-box performance is sub-optimal for any single workload. Data teams therefore spend significant effort manually optimizing their queries and cloud infrastructure to curb costs while achieving reasonable performance. Aside from the opportunity cost of diverting data teams from business goals, manual optimization of millions of constantly changing queries is simply daunting. To the best of our knowledge, Keebo's Warehouse Optimization is the first fully-automated solution capable of making real-time optimization decisions that minimize the CDWs' overall cost while meeting the users' performance goals. Keebo learns from how users and applications interact with their CDW and uses its trained models to automatically optimize the warehouse settings, adjusts its resources (e.g., compute, memory), scale it up or down, suspend or resume it, and also self-correct in real-time based on the impact of its own actions.


The purpose of the present research was to further evaluate the role of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in inhibitory avoidance task consolidation. Adult male Wistar rats were trained and tested in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task (0.4 mA footshock, 24 h training-test interval). Immediately after training, animals received a 0.5-microl intrahippocampal infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) (5.0 microg) or vehicle (phosphate buffer in saline, pH 7.4). The infusion of AP5 impaired retention test performance. Both pretraining with a low footshock intensity (0.2 mA) or preexposure to the inhibitory avoidance box 24 h before training prevented the amnestic effect of AP5. The results suggest that hippocampal NMDA receptors are critical for neither the enhancement of retention induced by an additional training session nor the inhibitory avoidance retention in animals that have previously learned about the task environment by preexposure to the apparatus.


This paper presents a diagnosis method targeting System-On-Chip (SoC). We first show the complexity and the issues related to the diagnosis of SoC. Then we propose a diagnosis approach based on fault simulation performed in two phases, (i) a fault localization phase and (ii) a fault model allocation phase. The fault localization phase peovides a set of suspected lines able to explain the observed errors. The fault model allocation phase associates a set of fault models on each suspected line. The main advantages of this approach are that the fault localization phase is fault model independent, and that the fault model allocation phase is able to deal with several fault models at a time (static and dynamic). Experimental results show the diagnosis accuracy, in terms of absolute number of suspects, of the proposed approach. Moreover, a comparison with an industrial reference tool highlights the reliability of our approach.


Fragmentation cross section of $^{28}$Si + $^{9}$Be reaction at 75.8 MeV/u was analyzed for studying the decay mode of single-proton emission in $^{21}$Al (the proton-rich nucleus with neutron closed-shell of $N = 8$ and $T_z = -5/2$). With the comparison between the measured fragmentation cross section and the theoretical cross section produced by EPAX3.1a for the observed nuclei (i.e. $^{20}$Mg, $^{21}$Al and $^{22}$Si), the expected yield for a particle stable $^{21}$Al was estimated. With the exponential decay law, an upper limit of half-life of $13$ ns was determined. Using the single-proton penetration model, the upper limit of single-proton separation energy of $-105$ keV was deduced. This deduced mass limit agrees with the microscopic calculation based on nucleon-nucleon (NN) + three-nucleon (3N) forces in $sdf_{7/2}p_{3/2}$ valence space, which indicates the importance of 3N forces in $^{21}$Al.


Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) artifacts caused by chest compressions and ventilations interfere with the rhythm diagnosis of automated external defibrillators (AED). CPR must be interrupted for a reliable diagnosis. However, pauses in chest compressions compromise the defibrillation success rate and reduce perfusion of vital organs. The removal of the CPR artifacts would enable compressions to continue during AED rhythm analysis, thereby increasing the likelihood of resuscitation success. We have estimated the CPR artifact using only the frequency of the compressions as additional information to model it. Our model of the artifact is adaptively estimated using a least mean-square (LMS) filter. It was tested on 89 shockable and 292 nonshockable ECG samples from real out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest episodes. We evaluated the results using the shock advice algorithm of a commercial AED. The sensitivity and specificity were above 95% and 85%, respectively, for a wide range of working conditions of the LMS filter. Our results show that the CPR artifact can be accurately modeled using only the frequency of the compressions. These can be easily registered after small changes in the hardware of the CPR compression pads.


Erythropoietin (EPO) is recognized for its function in erythropoiesis; however, its potential antifibrotic effect against liver fibrosis remains unknown. This study examined whether EPO affects thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis by concentrating on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway as possible pathways. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups, which included: the negative control group, the TAA group (intraperitoneal; TAA 100 mg/kg three times per week for 2 weeks), and EPO-treated groups (150 and 300 IU/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks after TAA injections. EPO attenuated hepatic fibrosis in a dosage-dependent way, as manifested by the diminution in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, as well as the increase in albumin level. EPO inhibited the increase in tissue levels of tumor necrosis factors-α, interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β1, and TLR4 and raised tissue levels of PI3K and p-PI3K. EPO antioxidant properties were demonstrated by restoring hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase by preventing the accumulation of hepatic malondialdehyde. Further, EPO increased the protein expression of PI3K and Akt and decreased TLR4 protein expression. Immunohistochemically, EPO treatment altered tissue histology and downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase protein expression. Overall, the research suggested that EPO could prevent TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis through upregulating the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade and downregulation the TLR4 downstream axis.


This paper presents a maximum power tracking method for DC motor fed from photovoltaic modules (PVM) through step-down power converter. This method employs positive feedback of motor speed; therefore, only DC motor speed measurements are required. The designed control law is based on mathematical model of DC motor and power converter, and also, variations of optimal maximum power point (MPP) are considered at different values of irradiance. Optimal MPP is approximated by method known as linear reoriented coordinates method (LRCM). Finally, a simple analog circuit is designed and implemented, which calculates optimal duty ratio for power converter according to DC motor speed.


Banknotes have long been suspected to be biologically "dirty" due to their frequent human contact, which may transmit human microbial pathogens. Still, it is an unsettled issue whether the microbes on banknotes pose a real threat to human health. In several previous studies, metagenomic sequencing was used to reveal the diversities of microbes on banknotes but live microorganism culture and functional verification were lacking. In this study, we collected banknotes of RMB in China as well as dollar bills in the United States and analyzed the microbial biodiversity and drug resistance genes carried by the identified microbes by metagenomic sequencing and in vitro culture methods. We identified eight major genera of drug-resistant bacteria through screening of 30 antibiotics, and the blood agar plate culture uncovered six pathogenic fungal species. Numerous phage and six dangerous viral sequences were also found. These results should substantiate our concern about the potential risk of banknotes to human health.


This article attempted to critically examine the trusteeship system established based on the UN Charter. Furthermore, it intended to clarify whether the trusteeship system contributed to overcoming the decolonization of international law. To this end, it examined the process of transferring the mandate system to the trusteeship system as the League of Nations was dissolved. In addition, it identified implications of the trusteeship system by reviewing the obligations under sacred trust for civilization and submitting a petition and objective of the trusteeship system.
An overall review of the trusteeship system shows that it was established by modifying and supplementing the shortcomings of the mandate system. The trusteeship system stipulated the open-door policy in the UN Charter, which aimed at international peace, security, and economic peace, and tried to grant nationality and rights to the peoples of the trust territories. Therefore, it can be evaluated that the trusteeship system showed greater efforts to overcome colonialism under international law than the mandate system in the past.
However, according to the judgments associated with South West Africa and certain phosphate lands in the Nauru cases, the authorities for administration violated their obligations within the trusteeship system. First, it was confirmed through the Northern Cameroon case that the obligations of mandate powers, which were confirmed in the previous mandate system, were maintained in the trusteeship system. Second, in phosphate lands in the Nauru case, the ICJ confirmed that the violation of the mandate's obligations, which began in the mandate system, continued in the trusteeship system. Finally, in the case pertaining to South West Africa, the ICJ stated that the violation of the mandate's obligations, which began in the mandate system, continued in the UN system.
Through this study, it can be seen that while the trusteeship system contributed to overcoming the decolonization of international law, the violation of obligations of the mandate powers continued in both the UN system and the trusteeship system.


Half of all human cancers contain TP53 mutations, and in many other cancers, the function of the p53 protein is compromised. The diversity of these mutations and phenotypes presents a challenge to the development of drugs that target p53 mutant cancer cells. This review describes the rationale for many different approaches in the development of p53 targeted therapies: ( a) viruses and gene therapies, ( b) increased levels and activity of wild-type p53 proteins in cancer cells, ( c) p53 protein gain-of-function inhibitors, ( d) p53 protein loss-of-function structural correctors, ( e) mutant p53 protein synthetic lethal drugs interfering with the p53 pathway, and ( f) cellular immune responses to mutant p53 protein antigens. As these types of therapies are developed, tested, and evaluated, the best of them will have a significant impact upon cancer treatments and possibly prevention.


: The ability to store and share digital data offers benefits that the digitization of information has become a growing trend but has raised questions about the security of personal data. There have been countless high-profile hacks and personal information leaks. Furthermore users don't (and shouldn't) always trust an external server of a third party to store their personal data. Blockchain tries to offer a compelling solution to the problem of combining accessibility with privacy and security. Records can be held securely, using end-to-end encryption, and yet openly authenticated so that data can still be trusted as reliable. This project goes deeper in this solution thanks to an innovative idea and development of a new kind of blockchain non fungible token specifically created to store and manage digital identities and sensible data. It has the potential to resolve issues blockchain alone was starting to approach and improves security, privacy and accessibility.


e An important consideration in the use of manipulators in Microgravity environments is the minimization of the base reactions, i.e. the magnitude of the force and the moment exerted by the manipulator on its base as it peflonns its tasks. One approach which has been proposed and implemented is to use the redundant degrees of freedom in a kinematically redundant manipulator to plan manipulator trajectories to minimize base reactions. In this paper we develop a global approach for minimizing the magnitude of the base reactions for kinematically redundant manipulators which integrates the Partitioned Jacobian method of redundancy resolution, a 4-34 joint-trajectory representation and the minimization of a cost function which is the time-integral of the magnitude of the base reactions. We also compare the global approach with a local approach developed earlier for the case of point-to-point motion of a three degreeof-freedom planar manipulator with! one redundant degree-of-freedom. The results of study show that the global approach is more effective in reducing and smoothing the base force while the local approach is superior in reducing the base moment.


The HERA collider experiments H1 and ZEUS have established extensive measurement programs for diffractive vector-meson production processes during the first six years of their operation. The results provide stringent phenomenological tests of quantum chromodynamical descriptions of hard diffraction. We discuss recent topical results on Υ photoproduction, on decay-angle analyses of ρ 0 , φ and J/ψ electroproduction and on ρ 0 and φ photoproduction at high momentum transfer.


The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the Caldwell-Moloy (1933) classification of female pelvic shape, which has been traditionally, and still is currently, taught to students of midwifery and medicine. Using modern pelvimetric methodologies and geometric morphometric (GM) analysis techniques, we aim to elucidate whether these classic female pelvic types are an accurate reflection of the real morphometric variation present in the female human pelvis. GM analysis was carried out on sets of pelvic landmarks from scans of women living in a contemporary Western Australian population. Sixty-four anonymous female multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) scans were used for most of the study and 51 male scans were also examined for comparison. Principle component analysis (PCA) found that there was no obvious clustering into the four distinct types of pelvis (gynaecoid, anthropoid, android and platypelloid) in the Caldwell-Moloy classification, but rather an amorphous, cloudy continuum of shape variati...


This paper proposes and studies an online algorithm (`NORTKNAR') for controlling a monotone Wiener system to a given level. Such systems consist of a FIR model, followed by a monotonically in- or decreasing nonlinear static function. We consider phenomena which obey such system up to stochastic perturbations. We study almost sure convergence under weak regularity assumptions. Theoretical results are complemented by empirical results on the control of a PharmacoKinetics-PharmacoDynamic (PK-PD) system regulating concentrations of levuodopa in the bloodstream. Finally, we indicate how those ideas find application to regulating the rate of events in pulsatile systems.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and growth hormone (GH) secretion, as assessed by the rate and pattern of secretion, in patients in remission from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who had been treated with corticosteroids and intense chemotherapy. None of the patients had received cranial irradiation. Twelve children were investigated yearly by taking 24-hour GH profiles starting 1 year from the time of diagnosis. The mean age at onset of the disease was 7.5 years. Another 12 young adults were studied in a cross-sectional manner 4.1-21.3 years (mean, 9.0 years) after diagnosis of NHL. The mean age at onset of the disease was 10.7 years. The median height velocity was significantly decreased during the 1st year following diagnosis (standard deviation scores [SDS] -0.15, P < .001), especially during the first 3 months (SDS -0.75, P < .001) when the most intense treatment was given. During the 2nd year height velocity was still somewhat reduced (SDS -0.13, P < .001). However, there was no reduction in final attained height. Spontaneous GH secretion, in terms of both secretory rate and pulsatile pattern, was evaluated by measuring integrated GH concentrations in 20-minute blood samples collected over a 24-hour period. The plasma GH concentrations were transformed into GH secretion rates by means of a deconvolution technique. Fourier time series analysis was applied to determine possible disturbances of rhythmicity of the GH secretion. The GH secretion rate and the pulsatile pattern of secretion in the NHL patients were similar to those of the reference population of pubertal matched healthy controls. There was no influence of the age at diagnosis or of the time from diagnosis of NHL on the GH secretion rate. Growth impairment in children with a malignant disease treated only with steroids and chemotherapy is therefore probably not caused by disturbed GH secretion, but rather by direct interference with bone growth of the cytotoxic drugs used. There was no significant influence on weight gain during the treatment period so an indirect effect of chemotherapy on bone growth through interference with adequate nutrition seems unlikely. However, GH secretion was not evaluated during the period of growth retardation, and therefore a transient deficiency was not excluded.


DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A DISCIPLESHIP CURRICULUM FOR YOUNG ADULT MEN AT TRINITY BAPTIST CHURCH IN FORT VALLEY, GEORGIA Gregory Emille Moore, D.Min. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2014 Faculty Supervisor: Dr. T. Vaughn Walker Chapter 1 details the recruiting and enlistment of young men in the church for the project and the evaluation of their knowledge of discipleship. It details the strategy for developing a curriculum for a men's disciple ministry and discusses the present ministry context at Trinity. A brief history of Trinity's ministry to men is discussed to highlight the need for a men's discipleship ministry at the church. Chapter 2 presents the biblical support and theological foundation for perpetuating the gospel ministry through discipleship. Commentary and supporting arguments are given from Matthew 28:18-20, Acts 2:41-42, Exodus 18:13-26, and 1 Timothy 2:2-4 that reveal the commonality that God's commandments are established in each generation through a form of discipleship. Chapter 3 discusses the effectiveness of mentoring (the secular parallel to Christian discipleship) in secular society and what the church can glean from those successes. It highlights how entry level employees improve their skills and confidence as a result of mentoring by veteran staff. It stresses the importance of guiding mentees while they are in an actual work environment. Chapter 4 describes the fifteen-week project in detail and specifically discusses what was done each week. It contains the methodologies used, such as surveys, preand post-test questionnaires, t-tests, the development of specific bible study topics, and an evaluation of the project by the project participants. A conclusion for the 15 weeks of activity is given. Chapter 5 is an evaluation of the entire project to develop a discipleship curriculum for young men at Trinity Baptist Church. The project's purpose, goals, strengths, and weaknesses are discussed. There are suggestions for improvements for future reference along with theological and personal reflections about the entire project. The chapter concludes with findings and wisdom gained about developing a discipleship curriculum for young men at Trinity.


Developing cyber-security threats are an industrious test for system managers and security specialists as new malware is persistently cleared. Attackers may search for vulnerabilities in commercial items or execute advanced surveillance crusades to comprehend an objective's network and assemble data on security items like firewalls and intrusion detection/avoidance systems (network or host-based). Numerous new assaults will in general be changes of existing ones. In such a situation, rule-based systems neglect to detect the assault, despite the fact that there are minor contrasts in conditions/credits between rules to distinguish the new and existing assault. To detect these distinctions the IDS must have the option to disconnect the subset of conditions that are valid and foresee the feasible conditions (not the same as the first) that must be watched. We have given various techniques to detect intrusions (or anomalies) which are dissipated consistently and structure little clusters of irregular data. To improve the clustering results, the dissipated anomalies are detected and expelled before agent clusters are framed utilizing SC (spectral clustering). For assessment, a manufactured and genuine data set are utilized and our outcomes show that the utilization of SC (spectral clustering) is a promising way to deal with the advancement of an Intrusion Detection System.


Failure in the prevention of cross-transmission from contaminated gloves has been recognized as an important factor that contributes to the spread of several healthcare-associated infections. Ex situ coating process with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Eucalyptus citriodora ethanolic leaf extract as reducing and capping agents to coat glove surfaces has been developed to prevent this mode of transmission. Elemental analysis of coated gloves showed 24.8 Wt% silver densely adhere on the glove surface. The coated gloves fully eradicated important hospital-acquired pathogens including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts within 1 h. The coated gloves showed significant reduction, an average of 5 logs when tested against all standard strains and most clinical isolates (p < 0.01). Following prolonged exposure, the coating significantly reduced the numbers of most adhered pathogenic species, compared with uncoated gloves (p < 0.0001), which was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed that AgNPs coated-gloves reduced microbial adhesion of mixed-species biofilms, compared with uncoated gloves. A series of contamination and transmission assays demonstrated no transmission of viable organisms. Biocompatibility analysis confirmed high cell viability of HaCaT and L929 cells at all concentrations of AgNPs tested. The coated gloves were non-toxic with direct contact with L929 cells.


Abstract : Since its creation in 2003, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has allocated more than $40 billion in preparedness and homeland security grant funds to state, local, tribal, and territorial jurisdictions. The primary objectives of these funds are to develop and sustain the essential capabilities necessary to prevent,respond to, and recover from natural and man-caused disasters. Notwithstanding DHSs numerous efforts and initiatives, the ability to quantify and report on the effectiveness of these funds in meeting these objectives falls short of current federal requirements. This thesis examines statutory requirements for assessing and reporting on national preparedness, reviews the history of systems and programs developed by DHS to meet federal performance assessment and reporting requirements, reviews the fundamental principles of performancemanagement, and assesses current elements of the homeland security enterprise. These reviews and assessments formulate a basis to remedy the longstanding shortfalls in preparedness performance management. This inquiry resulted in five overarching findings and twelve recommendations.


Cellular self-organization is essential to physiological tissue and organ development. We previously observed that vascular mesenchymal cells, a multipotent subpopulation of aortic smooth muscle cells, self-organize into macroscopic, periodic patterns in culture. The patterns are produced by cells gathering into raised aggregates in the shape of nodules or ridges. To determine whether these patterns are accounted for by an oriented pattern of cell divisions or postmitotic relocation of cells, we acquired time-lapse, videomicrographic phase-contrast, and fluorescence images during self-organization. Cell division events were analyzed for orientation of daughter cells in mitoses during separation and their angle relative to local cell alignment, and frequency distribution of the mitotic angles was analyzed by both histographic and bin-free statistical methods. Results showed a statistically significant preferential orientation of daughter cells along the axis of local cell alignment as early as day 8, just before aggregate formation. This alignment of mitotic axes was also statistically significant at the time of aggregate development (day 11) and after aggregate formation was complete (day 15). Treatment with the nonmuscle myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin, attenuated alignment of mitotic orientation, whereas Rho kinase inhibition eliminated local cell alignment, suggesting a role for stress fiber orientation in this self-organization. Inhibition of cell division using mitomycin C reduced the macroscopic pattern formation. Time-lapse monitoring of individual cells expressing green fluorescent protein showed postmitotic movement of cells into neighboring aggregates. These findings suggest that polarization of mitoses and postmitotic migration of cells both contribute to self-organization into periodic, macroscopic patterns in vascular stem cells.


LR and [d-Gln4]LR peptides bind the monomer-monomer interface of human thymidylate synthase and inhibit cancer cell growth. Here, proline-mutated LR peptides were synthesized. Molecular dynamics calculations and circular dichroism spectra have provided a consistent picture of the conformational propensities of the [Pro n]-peptides. [Pro3]LR and [Pro4]LR show improved cell growth inhibition and similar intracellular protein modulation compared with LR. These represent a step forward to the identification of more rigid and metabolically stable peptides.


The reactive arthritis is an important clinical entity, which is under intense scientific investigation particularly in what concerns to the infective agent and the immunological mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. The infective agents, as well as the antigens and the cellular immune response lead to arthritis after a sequence of events. Some important aspects, such as the genetic predisposition of some individuals, the intracellular life cycle of the bacteria, the mucosal membranes as the site of penetration of the infectious agent, as well as the lipopolysaccharide as the most important component of the membrane, are extensively discussed. The importance of better understanding this disease will end up in the amelioration of therapeutic approach.


The complete nucleotide sequences of both RNAs of oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) and a wheat-infecting furovirus isolate from France, previously thought to be soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), have been determined. Both viruses had a similar genomic organisation to SBWMV and Chinese wheat mosaic virus, the two other furoviruses previously sequenced but had <70% nucleotides identical to them. The French isolate has been named European wheat mosaic virus (EWMV). Phylogenetic analyses supported the recognition of these isolates as distinct viruses in the genus Furovirus. Analysis of the coat protein readthrough domain on RNA2 of all furoviruses strongly predicts two mutually compatible conserved transmembrane domains that may be significant for fungus transmission. The second of these regions is eliminated by a deletion in the isolate of OGSV studied. Leaky opal (UGA) stop codons occur on both RNAs of all four furoviruses characterised and, in common with most other leaky opal codons identified in plant viruses, they are followed by a CGG codon.


The use of normal co-ordinate transformations to realise driving-point functions is discussed. It is shown that suitable constraints may be placed on the transformation matrix, so that the resulting network is in the form of a Foster realisation. The discussion is extended to include a necessary condition for the transformation matrix that must be used to realise the driving-point function in a Cauer form.


The aim of this work was to compare the content and composition of oil from cherry seeds using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide as solvent, and Soxhlet extraction using diethyl ether. The compositions of free fatty acids and phytosterols, achieved with two extraction methods, were analyzed. Gas chromatographic analysis of unsaponifiables cherry seed oil samples, obtained with SFE and Soxhlet extraction, permitted to identify in particular two sterols, the s-sitosterol and campesterol. Brassicasterol or stigmasterol were not present in the extracts. The percentages of monitored components changed in function of extraction used procedure, allowing to assert that, with SFE, higher yield of phytosterols was provided. Preliminary data showed that there were significant differences also in the fatty acid composition of cherry seed oil obtained with the two extraction procedures (by means supercritical carbon dioxide or solvent). With the Soxhlet extraction, 48.6% of saturated fatty acids, 17.74% of unsaturated acids, 32.75% of polyunsaturated are obtained. On the contrary, with SFE decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids (38.43%) in favor of larger amounts of unsaturated (19.93%) and polyunsaturated (36.04%). The supercritical fluid extraction procedure proved so effective in getting an oil of superior quality, without the possibility of degradation phenomena due to the solvent or heat. In both extraction procedures the cherry seed oil contained high percentages of arachidic acid (C20:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2, ?-6). An interesting result was also the presence of nervonic acid in remarkable amount, in all examined samples. Nervonic acid is a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (C24:1, ?-9), of marine origin, precursor of the neuronal cell membrane glycolipids, with a key role in the modulation of ion channels and membrane receptors, and therefore widely used as a neurotrophic factor in food supplements and nutraceuticals.


Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Mutated IDH enzymes generate the "oncometabolite" 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which inhibits TET2 function. IDH2 mutations have been reported in 9% to 19% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Inhibition of the mutant IDH2 enzyme led to decreased 2-HG levels and induced myeloid differentiation in IDH2 mutant AML. Enasidenib, a small-molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2, was approved in 2017, after a successful phase I/II trial showing an overall response rate (ORR) of 40.3% in relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, with 19.3% of patients achieving complete remission (CR). A Phase III trial is currently ongoing. It targets the mutant IDH2 variants R140Q, R172S, and R172K;at an approved dose of 100 mg oral daily dose. At higher doses the drug was less tolerated, however, few subjects received dose modification at the 650 mg daily dose group;these events did not qualify as a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). In this descriptive study, we are reporting a case series of R/R AML, with an IDH2 mutation, that are treated with escalated dose enasidenib. Method: This case series is based on retrospective observations of patients with R/R IDH2 mutant AML since January 2017, who are treated with enasidenib. We are reporting two cases treated with an escalated dose of 200 mg daily. We included patients with intermediate to poor-risk AML, who received at least one prior line of therapy, started on standard dose enasidenib (100 mg daily) for a minimum of 6 months and followed until disease relapse or death. We excluded patients who are primarily resistant to enasidenib (AML risk stratification and response evaluation by ELN-Leukemia NET. IDH2 mutations were identified by a local diagnostic laboratory that is regulated under CLIA through PCR which is validated to detect 10% or more mutant allele frequency. To quantify IDH2 variant frequency, confirmatory testing was performed via ARUP next-generation sequencing panel (NGS). Results: Here we report the descriptive outcomes of 2 cases from a single institution, who were treated with escalated dose enasidenib (200 mg oral daily) for R/R AML with an IDH2 mutation. The first case describes a 65-year-old female diagnosed with poor-risk AML in the setting of pancytopenia with bone marrow evaluation consistent with the background of erythroid and granulocytic dysplasia, with normal karyotype analysis. The patient has treated with induction chemotherapy and 2 cycles consolidation that was complicated with bacterial infections, prolonged hospitalization, and profound deconditioning led to stopping treatment. After 18 months of surveillance, repeat bone marrow evaluation for new-onset pancytopenia revealed relapsed AML with evidence of IDH2 mutation at codon 140, with a variant frequency of 36.9% by NGS. The case was started on enasidenib at 100 mg oral daily dose. After 6 months of therapy, the patient continued to be cytopenic, repeated bone marrow evaluation showed residual AML with IDH2 variant frequency of 27.6%. The decision was made to increase the enasidenib dose to 200 mg daily. With follow up for another 5 months on the escalated dose, the patient achieved hematologic complete response (hCR) with normalization of peripheral platelet count and ANC. [Figures 1-2] The patient maintained hCR for another 5 months on 200 mg enasidenib daily until she died from COVID-19 infection. The second case describes a 59-year-old female with poor-risk AML in the setting of leukocytosis, with bone marrow evaluation consistent with the background of megakaryocytic dysplasia and karyotype analysis positive for monosomy 7. The patient was treated with induction chemotherapy and failed to respond. Repeat bone marrow evaluation showed primary refractory disease with positive IDH2 mutation at codon 140 with a variant frequency of 40.7%. Treatment with 100 mg enasidenib was started. The patient maintained a partial response for 6 months, then peripheral blasts counts started to gradually increase. The deci ion was made to increase enasidenib dose to 200 mg daily, which improved peripheral blasts within one month of escalated dose therapy. [Figure 3] The patient maintained a response to therapy for another 3 months before she relapsed. Conclusion: Our limited data showed that initial response to standard dose enasidenib could potentially be optimized by dose escalation to 200 mg daily. [Formula presented] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The experimental evaluation of a transparent electrophotographic (TEP) film is reported. The objective of the evaluation was to determine the suitability of TEP films for optical data storage applications, especially those using holography. The characteristics of TEP films that motivated the evaluation are good sensitometric and holographic recording responses, relatively high resolution, and a number of attractive applications properties, e.g., long shelf life, good environmental integrity, and exceptional image permanence. In addition, TEP films have an add-on capability. A general description of TEP films is given, and sensitometric and holographic data are summarized for an experimental TEP film.


The blastomogenic action of estrogens on the reproductive systems of mice and rats was studied. Sinestrol was administered intravaginally to 175 mice and 19 rats. In the long-term (120-273 days) and short-term (7-18 days) experiments 142 of the mice showed inflammatory changes of the uterus (metritis). Hyperplasia of the ovarian granulosa appeared in 13 of 29 mice and ovarian folliculomas occurred in 15 mice in long-term experiments. Hyperplasia of the chromophobic cell elements of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis appeared in 9 of 16 rats studied. Chromophobic adenomas of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis appeared in 5 of the rats. No chromophobic cell hyperplasia or adenomas were found in the mice. Tumors of the mammary gland did not occur during the experiments.


Fuzzless Gossypium hirsutum mutants are ideal materials for investigating cotton fiber initiation and development. In this study, we used the fuzzless G. hirsutum mutant Xinluzao 50 FLM as the research material and combined it with other fuzzless materials for verification by RNA sequencing to explore the gene expression patterns and differences between genes in upland cotton during the fuzz period. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the metabolic process, microtubule binding, and other pathways. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two modules of Xinluzao 50 and Xinluzao 50 FLM and four modules of CSS386 and Sicala V-2 were highly correlated with fuzz. We selected the hub gene with the highest KME value among the six modules and constructed an interaction network. In addition, we selected some genes with high KME values from the six modules that were highly associated with fuzz in the four materials and found 19 common differential genes produced by the four materials. These 19 genes are likely involved in the formation of fuzz in upland cotton. Several hub genes belong to the arabinogalactan protein and GDSL lipase, which play important roles in fiber development. According to the differences in expression level, 4 genes were selected from the 19 genes and tested for their expression level in some fuzzless materials. The modules, hub genes, and common genes identified in this study can provide new insights into the formation of fiber and fuzz, and provide a reference for molecular design breeding for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber.


Bacillus mojavensis is an endophytic bacterium patented for control of fungal diseases in maize and other plants. Culture extracts and filtrates from this bacterium were antagonistic to the pathogenic and mycotoxic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. However, the identity of the inhibitory substance from extracts of this bacterium has not been determined. An HPLC-MS analysis of the culture filtrate showed a major ion peak that was identified as a cyclic lipopeptide. Furthermore, collisional ion dissociation (CID) analysis indicated that this lipopeptide was surfactin, a cyclic heptapeptide linked to a β-hydroxy fatty acid. A CID analysis of the peptide moiety was established by deduction and indicated that the peptide sequence consisted of two acidic amino acids and five hydrophobic amino acids with a sequence of Leu-Leu-Asp-Val-Leu-Leu-Glu. These spectra indicated that this bacterium produced Leu(7)-surfactin, which was toxic to F. verticillioides. Production of this cyclic lipopeptide is a characteristic of several species of Bacillus, but this is the first report of this very powerful biosurfactant from this endophytic species.


Notwithstanding family businesses being a prevalent phenomenon in the economies of most countries, insight into this form of enterprise is still limited and it has been largely ignored as a study field. Interest has now grown in identifying and understanding those facets of business that support the superior performance of family firms. As interest in the field of family business has expanded, so have the theories that support these views. Theory therefore provides a guideline to investigate causalities and link information. It indicate that presently there is no single, generally accepted theory defining the family-firm concept and that rigorous work on such theory is only just starting. The purpose of this article is to review the different theories underlying family businesses. It is concluded that the orthodox theories, that regard the business and the family as separate units, do not acknowledge the complexity of the different relationships that exist in family businesses. A Conceptual Familiness* Transmission of Capital Model is suggested in the current study as representative of the functioning of family businesses as an interactive system. It embraces the heterodox views that the family and the business cannot be separated, but are rather seen as an interactive system with unique, collectable resources. It fulfils the need of the main deficiency in the family organisation literature, namely a theory that explains the developmental stages of each generation succession. *Used in the context of Habbershon and Williams (1999:1)


Abstract Drought and salinity stress are the major causes of historic and modern agricultural productivity losses throughout the world. Both drought and salinity result in osmotic stress that may lead to inhibition of growth. Salinity causes additional ion toxicity effects mainly through perturbations in protein and membrane structure. In contrast to animals, which rely on Na+/K+-ATPases for the expulsion of osmotica, plants rely on plasma membrane and endosomal ATPase activities to generate proton gradients to drive ion extrusion and intracellular sequestration. Consequently, most angiosperms, including all major crop species, have a diminished capacity for Na+ transport and tolerance to high salinity. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of Na+/K+ discrimination, Na+ extrusion and compartmentation, water transport, and osmolyte biosynthesis and function have led to genetically engineered plants with improved salt, drought, and cold tolerance. A deeper understanding of the complex signal transduction and regulatory responses to osmotic stress promises novel strategies for improving salinity and drought tolerance that will be of practical benefit to agriculture.


In this paper, a cooperative multi-hop relaying network is proposed for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) links. The system involves the high performance decode-and-forward (HP-DF) cooperative communication technique to provide diversity in fixed DF relaying. The outage probability and the diversity order of the proposed system is analytically derived for Rayleigh fading channels and it is shown that the asymptotic diversity order is doubled compared to the non-cooperative case and that the number of hops has no effect on the diversity order which is equal to two times the number of receive antennas. Theoretical results are supported via computer simulations for several number of receive antennas as well as for several number of hops.


TiAl based alloys are desirable materials for turbine blades in aircraft engines. Depending on alloy composition and temperature additionally disordered β-Ti(Al) (A2 structure) or ordered β_o-TiAl (B2 structure) can occur. Unfortunately little is known about the exact order/disorder transformation temperatures of β/β_o. We used the good contrast of neutron diffraction for ordering and disordering of TiAl alloys to determine the order/disorder temperatures, which are not accessible by other methods like DSC measurements. Several binary TiAl alloys as well as alloys with additional alloying elements were used to investigate the influence of different Al concentrations and alloying additions on the occurring ordering/disordering reactions and phase transformations. As a result ordered β_o phase was found only in selected ternary alloys.


Investigations of hippocampal theta cell activity have typically involved behavioral tasks with modest cognitive demands. Recordings in rats locomoting through space or engaged in simple stimulus discrimination or conditioning have revealed some place specificity and S+/S− selectivity in addition to the hippocampal EEG theta-related behavioral/motor correlates. However, little data exist regarding theta cell activity during performance of more cognitively demanding, hippocampal-dependent recognition memory tasks. Here, we examined the cognitive firing correlates of theta cells in rats that were performing an olfactory recognition memory task with distinct sample and test phases. Discriminant analysis revealed odor and match/nonmatch memory correlates in theta cell activity comparable in relative magnitude to that of the principal cells. Odor-specific theta cell responses in the sample phase were restricted primarily to CA1 and linked to task performance. In the test recognition phase, match/nonmatch theta cells were found primarily in the CA3 and CA1 fields, most of which exhibited greater activity on correct nonmatch trials in which recognition occurred than on error match trials in which recognition failed. Odor selectivity of the match/nonmatch signaling was greatest in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 and least in CA1. This inverted pattern of stimulus specificity in the sample versus test phase was similar to that observed in principal cells but with a greater contrast between the CA1 and DG/CA3 fields. Together, these findings suggest that theta cells actively participate in hippocampal recognition memory processing and play a specific role in shaping the cognitive firing properties of the hippocampal principal cells.


INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to determine the best surgical option for elective surgery in non-complicated colon cancer by comparing open (OR) and laparoscopic resection (LR).

PATIENTS AND METHOD
A systematic review of the literature was performed. Studies of non-complicated colon cancer in adults treated by OS and LS published between 1990 and 2002 were analyzed. The MEDLINE, LILACS and COCHRANE databases were used, employing MeSH terms and free words. Selected studies were analyzed using a specially designed score of methodological quality to examine and compare studies with different types of design. The number of treated patients, 3-year actuarial survival rate, 3-year disease-free survival, recurrence, morbidity, mortality and the methodological quality of primary studies were analyzed. Means, medians, extreme values and weighted means were calculated, and the methodological quality of primary studies was compared using median 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS
Six hundred eighty related articles were found; of these, 11 were analyzed. Hospital stay was 10.1 days for OR and 6.5 days for LR. Morbidity was 19.5% for OR and 26.9% for LR and mortality was 1.6% and 1.7% respectively. With mean follow-up periods of 58 months for OR and 30 months for LR, actuarial and free-disease survival rates were 74.3% and 75.6% for OR and 87.0% and 89.5% for LR. The median score for methodological quality was 16 for OR and 18.5 for LR.

CONCLUSIONS
The early and medium-term results of LR are similar to those observed in OR in patients with non-complicated colon cancer.


This article presents a study on the linguistic and cognitive mechanisms involved in the construction of the definition of intertextuality by a literacy teacher in training. We assume that the retextualization of written scientific and pop science texts implies the reformulation, appropriation and social representation of the theoretical objects due to the specific aspects of the enunciative context. Therefore, in this perspective, the analysis of a specific literacy event of teacher education, aiming at the teaching and learning of theoretical concepts or definitions, can be oriented by the following question: what are the linguistic mechanisms used by teachers in training at university level to make theoretical notions more familiar? Thus, this analysis aims at broadening previous findings on the social representations of theoretical terms by teachers in training. The present discussion explores the effect of oral discourses and of personal experiences on the learning of scientific concepts.


All humans face the same epistemological dilemma: They must rely on an inherently limited—albeit life-giving—frame of reference to understand a world (which includes other people and cultures) that can never be completely understood in humanly particular terms. Given our common lot, anthropologists and "Natives," and outsiders and insiders, are never absolutely different, for difference is a matter of degree. Further more, the reality of difference, for all humans, is to be found in semiotic processes like translation and interpretation. Even terms that seem neutral to us, like individual and society, are culturally distinctive concepts that would not be commonsensical to all people, everywhere. Even the most familiar meanings are never completely transparent, not even to those "Natives" who use them with ease. Thus, anthropological outsiders and the insiders they study (and who study them) must struggle to transcend their own familiar rationalizations in their attempts to understand one another.


Extracts obtained from roots of three lupine species (Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus) were analysed using LC/UV and LC/ESI/MS(n). The experiments were performed using two mass spectrometric systems, equipped with the triple quadrupole or ion trap analysers. Thirteen to twenty isomeric isoflavone conjugates were identified in roots of the investigated lupine species. These were di- and monoglycosides of genistein and 2'-hydroxygenistein with different patterns of glycosylation, both at oxygen and carbon atoms; some glycosides were acylated with malonic acid. It was not possible to establish the glycosylation sites of the aglycone only on the basis of the registered mass spectra; however, it was possible to differentiate C- and O-glucosides of isoflavones. Only comparison of retention times with those of standard compounds permitted to indicate the correct glycosylation pattern. In the case of diglycosides, the glycosylation pattern (O-diglucoside or O-glucosylglucoside) was distinguishable on the basis of the relative intensities of daughter ions in the mass spectra of protonated molecular ions. It was not possible to elucidate the site of malonylation on the sugar moiety from mass spectra, however, protonated molecules [M + H](+) of isoflavone glucosides with different placement of the malonyl group on the sugar ring were recognized in the extracts. In addition to the isoflavone glycosides, some flavone or flavonol glycosides were identified in the samples on the basis of collision-induced daughter ion spectra of the aglycone ions. A comparison of results obtained with the triple quadrupole and ion trap analysers was done in the course of the investigations.


Students and faculty members at Chapman University frequently friend the performing arts librarian on the popular social networking site Facebook. Statistics of reference interactions with all library users from the Conservatory of Music were kept during the fall 2012 semester to determine if library users who are Facebook friends with the librarian were more likely to have reference interactions than patrons who were not connected to the librarian on Facebook. Data analysis demonstrates there is a significant correlation between the numbers of reference interactions with Facebook friends than with non-Facebook friends. It is hypothesized that the creation of personal relationships with library users through social media helps to alleviate library anxiety and increases the amount of librarian interaction during the users' information seeking process. Other facets of users' information seeking behavior, such as where and how long, are also analyzed to provide more insight into the information seeking behavior of this user group.


Precision agriculture (PA) and information technology (IT) are closely interwoven. The former usually refers to the application of nowadays' technology to agriculture. Due to the use of sensors and GPS technology, in today's agriculture many data are collected. Making use of those data via IT often leads to dramatic improvements in eciency. For this purpose, the challenge is to change these raw data into useful information by using decision rules. These rules include the management know-how for (economic) optimal recommendations. This paper deals with suitable modeling techniques for those agricultural data where the objective is to uncover the existing patterns. In consequence, yield prediction is enabled based on cheaply available site data. Based on this prediction, economic or environmental optimization of, e.g., fertilization can be carried out.


Recent data from this laboratory indicate that dietary calcium supplementation causes reduced intracellular calcium in type II diabetic hypertensives. Consequently, we have assessed the effects of calcium supplementation on forearm blood flow (FBF) and vascular resistance (FVR) and left ventricular mass (LVM) in seven type II diabetic hypertensive black men with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) maintained off antihypertensive treatment for four weeks and then supplemented with 600 mg calcium per day for three months. A comparable group of black diabetic hypertensive patients treated with atenolol (50 mg) served as controls. LVM was determined by M-mode echocardiography and FBF and FVR by electrical impedance plethysmography at the end of the four week baseline and the 12 week supplementation periods. Calcium supplementation resulted in a decrease (P less than .05) in mean arterial pressure (from 121 +/- 4 to 114 +/- 3 mm Hg) which was accompanied by an 18% increase in FBF and a 20% reduction in FVR (P less than .05). LVM decreased from 289 +/- 22 at baseline to 240 +/- 22 g at the end of the supplementation period (P less than .02) and there was a significant correlation between changes in FBF and LVM (r = 0.82). Left ventricular end diastolic dimension decreased by 11% (P less than .05). These data indicate that calcium supplementation sufficient to normalize dietary calcium in black hypertensive diabetic men significantly reduces vascular resistance and causes partial regression of LVH.


This study is an attempt to make a new reading and a criticism of some of the researches and evidences about the Inconfidencia Mineira (1789). It aims at contributing to the criticism of some current theses on the subject, mainly those that corroborate the existence of a defined national and liberal project to which the inconfidentes adhered. Brewed in a context of transition between the Ancien Regime and the Modern Age in rank values such as honor and precedence clashed with emerging class perspectives such as wealth and property, the movement was the expression of ambiguities and contradictions typical of that period. Its performers, actions and projects can be better understood if considered in the context of social and economic heterogeneity which the movementas political content and meaning directly express instead of the context of a strong ideological cohesiveness around a pre-defined project for a Nation.


The most basic requirement for any computer controlled game agent in a video game is to be able to successfully navigate the game environment. Pathfinding is an essential component of any agent navigation system. Pathfinding is, at the simplest level, a search technique for finding a route between two points in an environment. The real-time multi-agent nature of video games places extremely tight constraints on the pathfinding problem. This study aims to provide the first complete review of the current state of video game pathfinding both in regards to the graph search algorithms employed as well as the implications of pathfinding within dynamic game environments. Furthermore this thesis presents novel work in the form of a domain specific search algorithm for use on grid-based game maps: the spatial grid A* algorithm which is shown to offer significant improvements over A* within the intended domain.


This article analyses the policies of affectations in the context of the disaster which occurred in late 2015, when an iron ore tailings dam ruptured, affecting thousands of families in the Rio Doce River Valley, in the southeast of Brazil. The paper discusses the challenges faced by victims of the disaster, given that the 'affected person' as a social subject goes through a dramatic process of forced sociability, forged in political processes and bureaucratic demands which are alien to her/his world. As a consequence, the claims of victims are transmuted by the rationalities and techniques of corporate management, therefore disabled and re-codified by taxonomies which define forms of damage reparations, as well as modes of reconstruction of their way of life. From an anthropological perspective, we examine the struggle between the objectification imposed by the policy of affectation and the political subjectivation of actors compulsorily brought to contentious settings over the control of their own destiny.


Cost-benefit models of escape behaviour predict how close a prey allows a predator to approach [flight initiation distance (FID)] based on cost of not fleeing (predation risk) and cost of fleeing (loss of opportunities). Models for FID have been used with some success to predict distance fled (DF). We studied effects of foraging opportunity cost of fleeing and examined differences between age-sex groups in the omnivorous Balearic Lizard, Podarcis lilfordi. Balearic lizards forage on the ground for invertebrate prey and climb the thistle Carlina corymbosa to forage on its inflorescences. We studied escape behaviour in three experimental groups, with human beings as simulated predators: lizard foraging above ground on C. corymbosa, foraging on the ground away from thistles and on the ground with cut inflorescences. Flight initiation distance was shorter for lizards with cut inflorescences than for (1) lizards above ground due to the greater risk above ground due to conspicuousness of black lizards on yellow flowers; and (2) lizards on ground away from flowers due to the cost of leaving while feeding. The only age-sex difference was slightly greater FID for adult males than subadults, presumably because larger adult males are more likely to be attacked by predators. Other potential factors affecting this difference are discussed. Experimental group and age-sex group did not interact for FID or DF. Because lizards foraging on inflorescences above ground fled to the base of the plants to refuge provided by spiny thistle leaves, their DF was shorter than in the other groups, which fled across the ground, usually without entering refuge. DF did not differ between groups on the ground or among age-sex groups. The predicted shorter DF for lizards with cut inflorescences than on ground without inflorescences did not occur. We hypothesize that the opportunity cost was small due to the abundance of blooming thistles and that DF may be less sensitive to opportunity cost than FID.


This paper presents a framework for the design, fabrication, and experimental testing of self-folding origami structures that deform from two-dimensional forms towards three-dimensional goal shapes of arbitrary local Gaussian curvature via uniform heating. Due to the general inability of the widely employed unfolding polyhedra method to generate origami designs for structures having negative Gaussian curvature, a tuck-folding method is implemented for self-folding composites driven by shape memory polymer actuation. As implementation examples, meshes of a pyramid, a saddle, and a combination of both are chosen to represent surfaces of positive and negative Gaussian curvature, and all three structures are shown to successfully fold towards their intended goal shape. The presented framework can be applied to origami design problems that consider other goal shapes and active materials.


Presented is a study of application of open-ended coaxial probe for in-line measurements of moisture content of pharmaceutical powders during mixing processes. The procedure utilizes a multivariate calibration technique relating the moisture content to the spectrum (1-19 GHz) of a density independent function derived from the permittivity epsi' and the loss factor epsi" of the powder samples. The conducted calibrations and experiments utilized powder mixes, where micro crystalline cellulose was the dominant component. Moisture levels from 1.5% to 8.2% were studied. Two different mixer impeller speeds were also tested. The achieved accuracy had a relative error in the interval 27% for the 1.5% moisture level and below 10% for the rest of the levels studied, the latter within the theoretical method uncertainty. The density independence of the utilized ratio was confirmed by its insensitivity to the mixer impeller speed


The twentieth and twenty-first century have been a temporary canvas where two closely related concepts have broadened, both in terms of modernity and supermodernity: ambient music and the development of urban spaces. Both phenomena undergo a development, interaction and sustained change process, largely caused by technological changes. For the purpose of this study, first the concept of "non-places" and its change from physical spaces to virtual spaces will be presented. In second place, the development of ambient music is specifically considered; first regarding the close relationship that it establishes with non-places and then the generation of atmospheres through collective sound spheres. Subsequent technological transformations spread and fragment the associations between non-places and music, enabling personal atmospheres through individual spheres. At present, technological developments allow virtual non-places to take shape (Augé), which are environmentally filled thanks to playlists through streaming services. Subsystems of delocalised networked spheres and temporary spheres are established, yet they are emotionally contiguous. This article presents the humanising role that music has experienced within this urban growth process in western societies, which have developed over the last century.


Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as the Prickly Chaff flower, is used as herbal medicine in the Ivorian's culture, Africa. Nonetheless, there is currently a paucity of scientific information on A. aspera from the Ivory Coast. Herein, the antioxidant activity of A. aspera extracts (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and infusion) as well as the enzymatic inhibitory potentials towards key enzymes in human diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease, (cholinesterases: AchE and BChE), type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) were assessed. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content was determined using colorimetric methods and the individual compounds were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Furthermore, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict putative targets of identified phenolic compounds. The highest TPC was observed in the infused extract (28.86 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g), while the dichloromethane extract (38.48 ± 1.48 mg RE/g) showed the highest level of TFC. UHPLC-HRMS analysis has revealed an abundance of fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols and acylquinic acids. Among tested extracts, the infused extract displayed the highest free radical quenching, reducing and metal-chelating ability. The extracts (except infusion) were effective as enzyme inhibitors against AChE, while only methanolic and infused extracts showed noteworthy anti-BChE effects. The methanolic extract showed a remarkable antityrosinase effect (56.24 ± 5.05 mg KAE/g), as well. Modest to moderate inhibitory activity was observed against α-amylase (all extracts) and α-glucosidase (only dichloromethane extract). Finally, the network pharmacology analysis suggested the carbonic anhydrase II enzyme as a putative target for explaining, at least in part, the traditional use of A. aspera preparations as diuretic and blood clotting agent. Data amassed herein tend to validate the use of A. aspera in traditional medicine, as well as act as a stepping stone for further studies in the quest for novel phytopharmaceuticals. In this context, it is desirable that this study will contribute to the validation of the traditional uses of this plant in the African herbal medicine, and to the valorization of the whole chain production of A. aspera, as a local and sustainable botanical resource.


This is a guide to help students in Professor Atkinson's History capstone class for Spring 2011. This guide is intended to assist students in finding academic resources specific to their research assignment.


Abstract We investigate the interaction between coherence and lexical cohesion in expository and persuasive texts using seven encyclopedia texts and seven fundraising letters. We describe genre structure in terms of genre-specific moves and coherence structure with Rhetorical Structure Theory. For lexical cohesion, we identify repetitions, systematic semantic relations and collocations across discourse units, modeled as weighted multigraphs. By comparing the prominence of discourse units in the coherence structure with the centrality in the lexical cohesion structure in the two genres, we show that lexical cohesion is closely aligned with coherence in the expository texts, but not in the persuasive texts.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by cafè au lait spots, multiple neurofibromas and Lisch nodules of the iris, with marked variability of expression. The NF1 gene is located at 17q11.2, spans 350 kb genomic DNA and comprises 60 exons encoding a 11-13 kb transcript (Viskochil et al.). Four alternatively spliced NF1 transcripts have been identified and they show differential expression in various tissues. NF1 gene is a member of the tumor suppressor gene family. The protein encoded by NF1, neurofibromin, has a domain homologous to the GTPase activating protein (GAP) family, and downregulates ras activity. Neurofibromin is involved in the control of cellular growth and differentiation and germline mutation analysis has shown that around 82% of all the fully characterised NF1 specific mutations so far predict severe truncation of neurofibromin. The current demand for molecular diagnosis of NF1 is low. Many couples would probably request a prenatal diagnosis if it could predict disease severity. Molecular prediction of disease severity and prognosis may either be very complicated or even impossible. Presymptomatic DNA diagnosis is probably not going to be in huge demand because the clinical diagnosis of NF1 is usually straightforward, even in early childhood. Further knowledge of the gene function may also lead to the development of new therapy for the disease.


In this paper a new RC - active polyphase filter section is presented. The section uses three conventional current
conveyor (CCII). With a cascade of these sections, any higher order polyphase filter function can be realized.
Frequency transfer functions, gain and phase errors of the proposed section are derived for ideal and nonideal
CCIIs. In the case of using nonideal CCIIs filter charecteristics are investigated by performing computer
simulations. Also the paper deals with the leakage caused by the effects of a limited gains of a current conveyors.


This paper presents a high-efficiency class DE tuned power oscillator, along with the analysis, design procedure, and experimental results. It consists of a class DE inverter and a feedback-loop for phase matching and is especially applicable for high frequency performance because it minimizes the power dissipated when turning ON each MOSFET. In contrast to conventional inverters, the proposed oscillator needs an additional complicated circuit including a driver circuit to start the oscillation. The measured efficiency was over 90% at the operating frequency of 1.0 MHz and output of 2.3 W.


Mitochondrion plays the most prominent role in the production of energy and cell cycle regulation. Administration of immunosuppressant drug AZA (azathioprine) adversely affects the hepatic mitochondria, which may culminate in hepatotoxicity. The present study is aimed at evaluating the role of QE (quercetin) in AZA provoked hepatic injury. Male Wister rats were used for the experimentation. AZA was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg body weight) on the 7th day of the experiment. A prominent depletion in the levels of mitochondrial antioxidants such as MnSOD (manganese Superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase) and GSH (reduced glutathione) was observed in AZA induced rats. There was a poignant deterioration noticed in mitochondrial membrane, which was observed by measuring levels of MDA (malondialdehyde). Simultaneous decrease in the levels of TCA (tricarboxylic acid) enzymes such as ICDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) α-KGDH (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) SDH (succinate dehydrogenase) and MDH (malate dehydrogenase) were observed. Decrease in the levels of these enzymes suggests a loss in mitochondrial function and integrity. The supplementation of QE (50 mg/kg body weight) restored the depleted levels of enzymes and above hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities to near normalcy. Thus, our study emphasizes on antioxidant property of QE in improving the mitochondrial functions in AZA induced hepatic degradation.


Basophil has been implicated in anti-parasite defense, allergy and in polarizing TH2 response. However, little is known about its biological significance in vivo, due to lack of basic understanding of basophil developmental/functional cues. As an essential chaperone for multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), gp96 (grp94, HSP90b1) also participates in general protein homeostasis and in the ER unfolded protein response (UPR) to ensure cell survival during stress. No nucleic cells in mammals have been described to be naturally devoid of gp96. By genetically ablating gp96, we report herein that gp96 is dispensable for basophil development in vivo. Moreover, we found that gp96 was post-translationally cleaved in primary basophils leading to accumulation of a N-terminal ~50 kDa fragment of gp96 and up-regulation of several components of the UPR pathway. The alteration of gp96 was unique to basophils and was not observed in any other cell types including mast cells. Furthermore, we found that deletion of C-terminal domain of gp96 resulted in loss of its chaperone function. Our study revealed a remarkable biochemical event of gp96 silencing in basophils, arguing for the potential importance of shutting down gp96 post-translationally in regulating basophil development and function.


In general, physical activity reduces the risk of cancer and infectious diseases. However, strenuous exercise has been shown to transiently increase the risk of infection, and this is referred to as the "open window." Indeed, intense exercise reduces the concentrations of several cytokines in plasma in response to pathogens. The mechanisms responsible for this observation may depend on exercise-induced increased stress hormone secretion, especially that of catecholamines. Exercise-induced catecholamines, acting through β-adrenergic receptors, have been found to be responsible for exercise-induced suppression of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. In the signaling mechanisms of cells, there are no changes in the surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Although there are also no changes in the LPS-induced TNF-α mRNA expression in tissues after exercise, the TNF-α content in the tissues of exercised animals is lower than that in the tissues of non-exercised animals. Therefore, a strenuous exercise-induced reduction in plasma TNF-α concentration, despite pathogen stimulation, depends on the translation of TNF-α in tissues.


A detection system incorporating the polymerase chain reaction was compared with the use of histopathology and virus isolation to determine the presence of equid herpesvirus type 1 or equid herpesvirus type 4 in equine tissues submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. When the polymerase chain reaction was performed, these tissues had been stored for up to 3 years. Thirty-eight tissues representing 14 cases had been stored embedded in paraffin wax. Analysis of these tissues using the PCR gave predictive values of 1.0 and 0.91 for a positive and negative result respectively, and sensitivity and specificity values of 75% and 100% respectively. Fifty-three tissues representing 28 cases had been stored immersed in 10% formalin. Analysis of these tissues gave predictive values of 0.44 and 0.42 for a positive and negative result respectively, and sensitivity and specificity values of 28% and 57% respectively. The poor results obtained with this group of tissues was attributed to contamination of the samples during wax embedding. Viral DNA could not be amplified from older tissues. These results indicate that under appropriate conditions the polymerase chain reaction is reliable when applied to tissues collected for routine diagnosis. However, it is less reliable when samples for analysis are handled collectively. Also, storage of tissues in wax blocks for 14 or more years inhibits later amplification of viral DNA from these tissues. The implications of these results to the application of the polymerase chain reaction to routine laboratory diagnosis are discussed.


Herbal medicines are commonly used in many countries all around the world. In Western countries they are now gaining more and more popularity, whereas in countries like China and India they have been entrenched for millenniums. Some of these perceived herbal medicines claim to help when suffering from erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, many of these products are adulterated with PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil or α-blockers. Patients who suffer from high blood pressure sometimes resort to herbal products, as they are not allowed to take sildenafil because of negative drug-drug interactions with nitrates (often utilized as treatment for coronary diseases). Products which are then adulterated with PDE5 inhibitors, can seriously harm patients. Therefore, this study reports the instant screening of alleged herbal products by employing atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe and high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine adulterants. Three out of 12 investigated products contained sildenafil in ranges from 0.5% to 18%. Multivariate analysis of ambient mass spectrometry measurements revealed encouraging outcomes for distinguishing non-sildenafil and sildenafil adulterated samples. Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe is therefore a promising method for the rapid determination of sildenafil in herbal products with possible downstream semiquantitative analysis.


The importance of Creativity is often highlighted in modern organizations especially when it comes to problem solving and decision making, leadership and motivation. However, the concept of creativity, qualitative in its essence, when used abundantly in a techno-economic and managerial context becomes limited in scope and outcome because of the constant pressures of quantitative parameters like profits and turnover. The present paper is an attempt to liberate this lowly circumscribed notion of creativity and explore its higher, wider and deeper connotations for all round development of the individuals in modern organizations. It tries to reveal pertinent insights into multiple dimensions of creativity primarily from classical wisdom literature of India, both ancient as well as modern, from the Upanishads, the Bhagavadgita and Shri Shri Chandi to the messages of modern-day seers like Rabindranath Tagore, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo.


Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), an introduced shrub or small tree, has invaded riparian areas throughout the western United States. Tamarisk invasion has been studied extensively in the Southwest, but there is little information on its performance at the northern margin of its naturalized range. We measured the canopy cover, density, height and age of tamarisk and plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides) in 50 plots at 25 sites along the Bighorn, Powder, and Yellowstone rivers in southeast Montana near the northern edge of tamarisk's western North American range. Tamarisk commonly formed thickets on open, low terraces and along over-flow channels but was less dense beneath a cottonwood canopy. Tamarisk stems routinely died back to the ground, and the oldest live stems were generally much younger than the plants. Tamarisk 30 to 40 years old in our study area usually attained heights of only 4 m or less. Height and number of live stems of tamarisk plants were 16% and 44% lower respectively under a tall cottonwood canopy. Cottonwood grows faster than tamarisk, eventually shading it and causing its decline. We believe that tamarisk will be only an understory shrub in most eastern Montana riparian forests, declining as cottonwoods form a closed canopy. Minimizing the spread of tamarisk in riparian areas in Montana can best be accomplished by managing for cottonwood.


Cessation of dewatering following underground mine closure typically results in groundwater rebound, because mine voids and surrounding strata undergo flooding up to the levels of the decant points, such as shafts and drifts. SIMPL (Simplified groundwater program In Mine workings using the Pipe equation and Lumped parameter model), a simplified lumped parameter model-based program for predicting groundwater levels in abandoned mines, is presented herein. The program comprises a simulation engine module, 3D visualization module, and graphical user interface, which aids data processing, analysis, and visualization of results. The 3D viewer facilitates effective visualization of the predicted groundwater level rebound phenomenon together with a topographic map, mine drift, goaf, and geological properties from borehole data. SIMPL is applied to data from the Dongwon coal mine and Dalsung copper mine in Korea, with strong similarities in simulated and observed results. By considering mine workings and interpond connections, SIMPL can thus be used to effectively analyze and visualize groundwater rebound. In addition, the predictions by SIMPL can be utilized to prevent the surrounding environment (water and soil) from being polluted by acid mine drainage.


Flow induced by a dual turbine stirred tank was characterized measuring local velocities with a LDV and drawing the main velocity fields and the maps of turbulence intensities. The hydrodynamic regime studied in all the experiments was the so-called merging flow regime. Two impeller configurations were studied. In the first one, two disk style turbine of the same dimensions (configuration A) were used, while in the second one, the dimensions of the upper turbine were 20 % proportionally smaller than those of the lower turbine (configuration B). The agitation and turbulence indices were used to evaluate, as a first order approximation, the power consumption distribution between convective and turbulent flows. The comparison of the two-phase agitation systems studied showed that configuration B seems to be more efficient than configuration A, since both induce a similar global convective flow, but the first one assures a significant reduction of power consumption. The distribution of power consumption between convective and turbulent flows was evaluated using the agitation index and a new global parameter: turbulence index.


We describe a novel system for focusing X-rays based on the eye of a lobster and a method for fabricating such optics using microchannel plates which have pores with square cross sections. Lobster eye optics will enable us to construct X-ray telescopes capable of simultaneously viewing a large fraction of the sky, making possible a new class of X-ray astronomy survey and monitoring missions. We have tested the X-ray optical properties of one of the first available square pore MCP''s. We find that the angular resolution of the MCP lense is 5 arcminutes (FWHM). The resolution is limited by misalignment of the pore surfaces.


The first chapter of this book presented a guide to conducting a research project and an overview of discourse analysis as one form of social research. In Chapters Two to Seven, six academics have offered detailed accounts of their own discourse analytic research, showing some of the possibilities which exist within this wide-ranging field. I will begin the final chapter of the book by summarizing the work that has been covered, reviewing Chapters Two to Seven briefly with reference to Chapter One. I will then discuss two additional and important aspects of discourse analytic research: the assessment or evaluation of the quality of the research, and its possible applications.


North Karelian Biosphere Reserve and adjacent areas of Finland were studied in 1996 – 2001 for bryophytes in 21 fragmented old-growth spruce forest stands. In total 194 bryophyte species (119 mosses and 75 liverworts) were recorded, including nine of Red List of Finland (Anastrophyllum hellerianum, Calypogeia suecica, Cephalozia macounii, Harpanthus scutatus, Herzogiella turfacea, Lophozia ascendens, Polytrichastrum pallidisetum, Riccardia multifida, R. palmata). The bryophyte flora is analysed with respect to species composition and distribution within the area, ecological groups and frequency of species. The groups of mosses and liverworts common for the North Karelian Biosphere Reserve and adjacent areas and conservation issues are considered. The main characteristics of the floras of studied spruce stands are connected with the amount of rotting wood, shaded rocky outcrops and presence of constant moisture and admixture of deciduous trees. Distinctive features of the flora are defined in comparison with the Central Norway spruce stands.


The nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus total reaction cross sections are of importance in many different fields, both for a better theoretical understanding as well as for a number of applications, including space radiation dosimetry. We have performed a comprehensive literature study in order to find all available experimental data on total reaction cross sections, σR, and interaction cross sections, σI, for neutrons, protons, and all stable and exotic heavy ions. Excluded from the data base are measurements where the cross sections have been derived through model-dependent calculations from other kinds of measurements. The objective of the study is to identify where more measurements are needed in view of different applications, and to make the data easily available for model developers and experimentalists. We will present some examples from the study, which is in the stage of quality control of all the gathered data.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting physical activity participation of the Turkish people living in the United States (US) since sociocultural adaptaion processes might affect behavior towards physical activities. 514 Turkish people (307 women, 207 men) living in the US participated in the research on average aged 36,72. The data were collected with a 31-item research scale developed from Kaiser-Meyer-Oikin parameter and Barlett Sphericity test, and analyzed with Explanatory Factor Analysis (AFA) test and Cronbach's Alpha. Comparing the data sets, consisting of two-group variables, independent sample t-test was used whereas for the data sets, consisting of more than two group variables, a one-way ANOVA was used. According to BMI values, a significant difference [F (3,513)=3,581,p<.05] was found in terms of individual factors in physical activity participation. Overall it was found that the Turkish people living in the US have a high motivation to participate in physical activity. However, women compared to men, married individuals compared to singles, and obese individuals compared to average weighted individuals were found to encounter more obsticles participating in physical activities.


This paper examines the effect of workers' compensation on the time until an injured worker returns to work. Two large increases in the maximum weekly benefit amount in Kentucky am Michigan are examined. The increases raised the benefit amount for high earnings individuals by over sixty percent, while low earnings individuals, who did not earn enough to be eligible for the old maximum, did not experience a change in their incentives. A comparison of the behavior of pecp1e injured the year before the benefit increases to those injured the year after provides an estimate of the effect of higher benefits on injury duration. This use of a "natural experiment" allows us to separate the effect of the level of the benefits from the effect of previous earnings, which is a common difficulty in the analysis of social insurance programs. The analysis uses individual records from a large number of insurance companies. Time out of work increases dramatically for those groups eligible for the higher benefits, while those whose benefits do not change do not experience a change in duration. The estimates suggest large moral hazard effects of higher benefits, with the estimated elasticity of spell duration with respect to benefits of approximately .3 to .4.


There has been a recent surge in methods targeting the recovery of a speed-of-sound map from pulse-echo ultrasound measurements. We focused in this work on a particular technique and identified a drawback shared by similar methods - namely the necessity of a high number of insonification - that we aim to circumvent. To do so, we first propose a beamforming procedure based on the transformation of radio-frequency data into a receive plane-wave basis. A method for extracting the local aberration phase difference caused by speed-of-sound variations is then presented. The speed-of-sound map can ultimately be recovered by inverting a measurement model. Preliminary results show that the proposed method is able to recover quantitatively similar results - a slight reduction of root-mean-square error from 9.35 m/s to 6.95 m/s on simulated data compared to an implementation of the reference method - while requiring 21 plane waves instead of 111.


The relationship between molecular conductance and molecular structure is an important issue in molecular electronics. Photochromic molecules can interconvert their molecular structures by light, so that the molecular conductance should be photocontrolled. According to this strategy the networks composed of photochromic diarylethene dithiols and gold nanoparticles were prepared, and the photochemical reactivity and photoswitching of the conductance were studied. The networks showed a completely reversible photoswitching of the conductance according to the photochromic reactions of the diarylethene units. The switching behavior is attributed to the change of the π-conjugation length of the molecule. Because of the high switching ratio and good reversibility this switching system opens up the possibility of sophisticated molecular electric circuits. This work has been presented in J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 17005-17010, essentially in the same form.


Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) coupled to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a promising technology for complete nitrogen removal with economic and environmental benefit. In this work, a model framework integrating DAMO and Anammox process was constructed based on suspended-growth systems. The proposed model was calibrated and validated using experimental data from a sequencing batch reactor and a membrane aerated membrane bioreactor (MAMBR). The model managed to describe removal rates of ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-) and total nitrogen as well as biomass changes of DAMO archaea, DAMO bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in both reactors. The estimated parameter values revealed that DAMO archaea possessed properties of faster growth and higher biomass yield in suspended-growth systems compared to those in attached-growth systems (e.g. biofilm). Model simulation demonstrated that solid retention time (SRT) was effective in washing out DAMO bacteria, but retaining DAMO archaea and AnAOB in the MAMBR. The optimal SRT and nitritation efficiency (the ratio of the NO2- to the sum of NH4+ and NO2- in the MAMBR influent) were simulated so that 99% of total nitrogen was removed to meet the discharge standard. MAMBR further suggested to be operated with SRT between 15 and 30 days so that the optimal nitritation efficiency could be minimized to 49% in order for cost savings.


feed forward neural network with backpropagation learning algorithm is considered as a black box learning classifier since there is no certain interpretation or anticipation of the behavior of a neural network weights. The weights of a neural network are considered as the learning tool of the classifier, and the learning task is performed by the repetition modification of those weights. This modification is performed using the delta rule which is mainly used in the gradient descent technique. In this article a proof is provided that helps to understand and explain the behavior of the weights in a feed forward neural network with backpropagation learning algorithm. Also, it illustrates why a feed forward neural network is not always guaranteed to converge in a global minimum. Moreover, the proof shows that the weights in the neural network are upper bounded (i.e. they do not approach infinity).


We shall illustrate that management of patients with an acid-base disorder could be improved if the acid-base analysis was based on a better understanding of basic concepts of physiology. Three concepts of acid-base physiology and their clinical implications are emphasized in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. First, when an acid is produced from neutral precursors in the body, there is a net increase in the number of hydrogen ions (H+) and new anions. The corollary is that H+ will be removed when the accompanying anion is metabolized to a neutral end-product or is excreted in the urine with H+ or ammonium (NH4+). Second, buffering of H+ is beneficial if H+ are removed by bicarbonate rather than being able to bind to proteins. This latter function depends on having a low tissue PCO2, due to a combination of hyperventilation plus an adequate blood flow rate to vital organs. Third, the kidneys add new bicarbonate to the body when NH4+ is excreted with chloride ions.


Introduction: Physically disabled people are less physically active compared with healthy people. Existing physical activity (PA) interventions are limited in reach, since they are primarily rehabilitationor school based. The current study aims to develop a community-based intervention for stimulating PA in hard-to-reach physically disabled people. Methods and analysis: To systematically develop a PA-stimulating intervention, intervention mapping (six steps) was applied. PA level and health-related quality of life of patients after rehabilitation was determined using questionnaires (step 1). Qualitative research was performed to study professionals' and physically disabled people's ideas about intervention objectives, determinants and design (steps 2 and 3). Since experts expressed no need for a new intervention, the existing intervention 'Activity coach' was adapted to the specific target population. The adapted intervention 'Activity coach+' composes a network of intermediate organisations that refers participants to an activity coach, who coaches participants during 1 year. After a pre intervention physical assessment by a physiotherapist, participants will be individually guided to existing organised or non-organised activities. An activity tracker will be used to monitor and stimulate PA in daily life (step 4). To support adoption and implementation, meetings between involved parties are organised (step 5). 'Activity coach+' is implemented in community in March 2017, and will be evaluated using a mixed-method analysis. Quantitative evaluation of intervention effects on PA, health and social participation takes place after 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. The implementation process and experiences with the intervention will be determined using qualitative research (step 6). Ethics and dissemination: Insights from this study will be used for dissemination and further development of the intervention. The Medical Ethical Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen confirmed that formal ethical approval was not required (METc 2016/630). Trial registration number: NTR6858.


Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is the spectral frontier to meet the anticipated significant volume of high data traffic processing in next-generation systems. The primary challenges in mm-wave can be overcome by reducing complexity and power consumption by large antenna arrays for massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. However, the circuit power consumption is expected to increase rapidly. The precoding in mm-wave mMIMO systems cannot be successfully achieved at baseband using digital precoders, owing to the high cost and power consumption of signal mixers and analog-to-digital converters. Nevertheless, hybrid analog–digital precoders are considered a cost-effective solution. In this work, we introduce a novel method for optimizing energy efficiency (EE) in the upper-bound multiuser (MU) - mMIMO system and the cost efficiency of quantized hybrid precoding (HP) design. We propose effective alternating minimization algorithms based on the zero gradient method to establish fully-connected structures (FCSs) and partially-connected structures (PCSs). In the alternating minimization algorithms, low complexity is proposed by enforcing an orthogonal constraint on the digital precoders to realize the joint optimization of computational complexity and communication power. Therefore, the alternating minimization algorithm enhances HP by improving the performance of the FCS through advanced phase extraction, which involves high complexity. Meanwhile, the alternating minimization algorithm develops a PCS to achieve low complexity using HP. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm for MU - mMIMO systems improves EE. The power-saving ratio is also enhanced for PCS and FCS by 48.3% and 17.12%, respectively.


BACKGROUND
A basic tenet of palliative care is interprofessional collaboration. Palliative care educators and practitioners lead the way in responding to the Institute of Medicine's (2003) challenge to transform educational and health care systems through interprofessional collaboration. Through exemplary commitment to interprofessional collaboration, a college's academic and palliative care leader, in collaboration with Department Chairs and Directors of nursing and allied health professions, can illustrate and analyze the processes of interprofessional collaboration through the development of a simulated case study of a combat veteran with traumatic brain injury.

METHODS
Methodologic components: (1) interprofessional development of a palliative care case study and (2) debriefing interviews regarding the experience of collaboration of interprofessional team members.

RESULTS
The results provide the identification of steps of the interprofessional process and the shared and unique disciplinary competencies in determining a comprehensive health history, physical examination, identifying and prioritizing diagnoses, and determining collaborative discipline-specific interventions. Content analysis of debriefing team interviews provides a description of group composition, structure, process, development, and performance, as well as team member's perceptions of what fosters and challenges collaboration, benefits, and drawbacks, and what could have been done differently in developing an interprofessional initiative.

DISCUSSION
Transformative change in healthcare education and clinical practice involves interprofessional collaboration of colleagues within, across, and beyond universities/colleges and healthcare systems and agencies. Advocating for teamwork has to go beyond talking about being a team player or not to having the language and behaviors we need to observe and measure. This article not only provides key processes in interprofessional collaboration but also identifies key attitudes and behaviors critical to teamwork. It provides a starting point to determine observable and measurable outcomes for interprofessional education, practice, and research. This article highlights expert behavior to move professionals from being novices in interprofessional collaboration to mastering the skills.