Both decision-makers and the general public need detailed information on future climate to evaluate the risks associated with possible climate change due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Projections of future climate change already exist, but they are deficient, in terms of both the characterization of their uncertainties and their regional detail. To date, the assessment of potential impacts of climate change has generally relied on projections from simple climate models or coarse resolution coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). The former include, at best, only a limited physical representation of the climate system. The latter are unable to resolve processes occurring at scales of less than ∼300 km. This resolution limitation precludes the simulation of realistic extreme events and the detailed spatial structure of variables like temperature and precipitation over regions characterized by heterogeneous surfaces. Typical examples of such regions are mountainous areas such as the Alps or Scandinavia or coastal zones, and areas surrounding inland seas, such as the Mediterranean and Baltic.


During the pandemic of coronavirus in our country and in the world, workers and particularly health-care personnel, the frontline fighters, are known to develop the disease and even die due to exposure in the process. According to international definitions and our national legislation, if health-care personnel are infected while they are performing their job and at their workplace, the condition will be defined as an occupational accident and the disease as an occupational disease. Accident at work and occupational diseases are preventable health conditions. Reporting is mandatory. The first thing coming to mind as a result of such reporting is to acquire compensation and similar rights. Yet, the main purpose of notification of an accident at work and occupational diseases should be recording and identifying which conditions cause health issues in which sectors, and planning interventions for prevention. This review paper evaluates the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, the identification of conditions required for occupational disease diagnosis, especially in health-care personnel, the necessary procedures following diagnosis, the return to work recommendations, and the preventive strategies especially for health-care personnel from the view of occupational exposure.


What is presented here is an eminently personal narrative, of empirical character, about some field entries taken place in Manchester, Northern England, between February and May of 2015, in a broader investigation about local music scenes. We aimed at highlighting events and laterally-placed cases in relation to the mainstream of the hegemonic phonographic industry. It is therefore a discussion about independent rock, about social occurrences and acts of structuring happening underway in the underground circuit. The materials presented are ones which allow us to speculate also about the relations between urban imaginaries and produced (or fixed) memories by pop music. It is after all a discussion about tensions between the past and the present of alternative music produced in the area.


This investigation was performed in Zagreb and its surroundings in 1991 and 1992 during the war against Croatia. The study included 50 civilians who, at the moment of the sounding of the air-raid siren, had a continuous electrocardiogram recorded as part of the routine cardiologic examination. The frequency of the pulse was read out from the electrocardiogram at four different times: before the sounding of the siren, the moment of the sounding of the siren, the moment of cessation of the alert, and 1 hour afterward. The mean values of the pulse were calculated for each time point. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the length of exposure to the air-raid alerts (September 15, 1991 to January 3, 1992). The results show a significant increase in pulse frequency at the moment of the sounding of the air-raid siren compared with before the air-raid siren (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the beginning and the end of air-raid alert campaign (p > 0.05). We conclude that within the civilian population of the city of Zagreb there was no adaptation to traumatic war situations as indicated by a lack of pulse reaction after a period of time under air-raid alerts. In other words, civilians always reacted with increased pulse frequency at the moment of the sounding of the air-raid siren.


Teachers in Anglophone universities have often attributed Chinese ESL students' plagiarism to "cultural difference", the implication being that what is considered plagiarism in the English-speaking world may not be seen as plagiarism in China. We believe this assumption needs to be questioned on the basis of systematic evidence gathered from the local L1 (first language) context; a large collection of writing textbooks published over time is potentially a valuable dataset for starting to look for such evidence. By analysing the relevant content in a collection of 60 textbooks on Chinese-L1 (Chinese as the First Language) academic writing, our study aimed to answer this question: According to these textbooks, what is plagiarism and how can one avoid plagiarism? Data-driven content analysis revealed that despite alignment with the Anglophone world in defining what is plagiarism, their approach to dealing with it differs. The Chinese textbooks focus on large-scale copying in conceptualising plagiarism, with explanation of plagiarism at local or sentence and paragraph levels, bypassed; and for ways to avoid plagiarism, self-discipline and the formalities of source acknowledgement are emphasised, but textual strategies of proper source citation are hardly addressed. We point out that such gaps in the textbooks, and accordingly, in the Chinese education system, are partly responsible for Chinese students' confusion in the proper practices of source use in academic writing. We end the paper by proposing avenues for future research for further understanding the issue of plagiarism in the local L1 environment and for interrogating the debatable "cultural difference" view of plagiarism.


Postulating an impredicative universe in dependent type theory allows System F style encodings of finitary inductive types, but these fail to satisfy the relevant η-equalities and consequently do not admit dependent eliminators. To recover η and dependent elimination, we present a method to construct refinements of these impredicative encodings, using ideas from homotopy type theory. We then extend our method to construct impredicative encodings of some higher inductive types, such as 1-truncation and the unit circle S1.


This paper investigates the institutional determinants of the timing of COVID-19 related school closures around the world, focusing on the role of democracy and administrative state capacity. Relying foremost on Cox proportional hazard models of up to 166 countries observed daily between February and April of 2020, the paper finds that other things being equal, democratic countries tended to implement school closures quicker than those with a more authoritarian regime, while countries with higher government effectiveness tended to take longer than those with less effective state apparatuses. A supplementary analysis that distinguishes between the two democratic dimensions of contestation and participation indicates that it is the existence of fair and competitive elections that prompts democratic leaders to respond more rapidly. Lastly, auxiliary evidence indicates that demography and family systems may also help determine countries' pandemic responses.


The analysis of various aspects of the part of the extensive philosophical and literary heritage of the English Protestant preacher Reginald John Campbell (1867–1956), which is devoted to the events of the First World War and the participation of Great Britain in it, is represented. His works, on the one hand, serve as a living document of an era still incomplete at the time of their writing; on the other hand, they represent philosophical and theological reflections in this context. At the same time, they are quite significant insights into social processes that went far beyond questions of faith, and even an attempt to predict structural changes in public life after the end of the Great War. This multi-dimensionality creates a rather interesting 'stereoscopic' picture of events, perceived by an influential, original, highly educated religious figure, who at the time of the creation of the corpus of texts under consideration was already a mature and insightful person. The author of the article attempts to reveal the versatility of R. J. Campbell's judgments, immersed in the context of the events of the era, which is of interest to researchers of Church history and public life in Great Britain during this period.


To identify the core structure of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) responsible for the anti-oxidative and protective effect on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced heart injury, various 2-APB analogues were analyzed, and several antioxidant assays were performed. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Myocardial infarct size was quantified using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cleaved-caspase-3 protein were evaluated as an indicator for the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect, respectively. Our data show that 2-APB, diphenylborinic anhydride (DPBA) and 3-(diphenylphosphino)-1-propylamine (DP3A) all exerted the anti-oxidative activity, but only 2-APB and DPBA can scavenge H2O2. 2-APB and DPBA can potently inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XOD)-induced increases in intracellular H2O2 and H9c2 cell death. 2-APB and DPBA were able to decrease the I/R-induced adult rat cardiomyocytes death, myocardial infarct size, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Our results suggest that the two benzene rings with a boron atom comprise the core structure of 2-APB responsible for the anti-oxidative effect mediated through the reaction with H2O2 and generation of phenolic compounds, which in turn reduced the I/R-induced oxidative stress and injury in the rat heart.


As the material and requirements planning (MRP) II process has evolved, many companies have discovered that the process is greatly enhanced when the entire business participates. The sales and operations planning process is the forum for the businesswide decisions concerning sales, production, and inventory. Sales and marketing must be integral parts of these decision-making activities.


Application of specially developed physical exercises (an interval for sports, sports minute, a microinterval for sports) and hygienic procedures at the end of the working day resulted in a more rapid restoration of work capacity and in decrease of fatigue in the main group both in the process of work and after office hours, compared to the control one.


The current century has witnessed a revolution in different fields which required some legal rules to be reformulated to adapt with the volume of challenges imposed by the contemporary life on marriage life in general, on the children, which are the most important thing that may result from marriage, and on the importance of caring for their needs. As God has divided the parents' duties in caring for their children throughout the stages of their liv.es. He laid upon the mother the responsibility of caring for children starting from pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding until infancy. While He, especially, assigned the father the responsibility of what comes after. But sometimes a child may lose one or both parents; and here the question arises about who shall take custody and what is the period required to satisfy that right. Article (57) of Personal Status Law No. (188) for the year 1959 has answered this question with its nine clauses and confirmed the necessity of caring for the child's best interest and prioritizing it over the parents' rights. However, the Iraqi Parliament has adopted an amendment of this Article in its latest proposals under the pretext of being in line with changes of everyday life with the assurance of applying the spirit of Islamic Law. It discussed the transmission of the child's custody from the mother to the father after the age of seven in opposition to the current law that grants the mother this right until the child turns fifteen years of age; it also stipulated that the mother shall not get married in order to attain custody over the child which is regarded as a Statutory Offence represented in forcing the mother not to get married during which she holds custody over the child. Meanwhile, it did not stipulate over the father abstinence from marriage in order to attain custody over his children. The amendments have also showcased the entitlement of the grandfather's right in custody rather than the mother in case the father died or didn't fulfill the conditions of custody. By doing so, the rule would deprive the mother from her child upon turning seven years of age without attention being paid to the subsequential feeling of instability such decision causes to the child. The parliament should have tried to balance between the child's right of maternal tenderness or paternal security. This is the aim of our research which will shed light on this subject in two scopes, the first of which focuses on educating the people of the right of custody and its period, and the second of which is dedicated to discussion of amendments and making proper recommendation.


The hybridoma genomes contain polyploid sets of immunoglobulin genes. We have shown, that the hybridoma PTF-02 genome contains three genes of heavy chains and two genes of light chains. The genes responsible for antibody synthesis were cloned and their structure were determined. Investigation of the kappa gene transcription and its fragments which contain regulatory sequences revealed a nuclear factor. The latter interacts with the octanucleotide localized at the promoter region of the kappa gene. The purified factor activates the transcription of the kappa gene in a heterologous cell-free system. Together with the tissue-specific factor there is also an universal factor interacting with the octanucleotide sequence. We have shown an additional factor in lymphoid cells interact with the protein which binds to the octanucleotide sequence. We have shown an additional factor in lymphoid cells interacting with the protein which binds to the octanucleotide sequence. As a result, there is a family of factors which interact with ATTTGCAT sequence. One major factor (m.w. 60 +/- 2 kDa) is an obligatory component for the initiation of immunoglobulin genes transcription.


Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to describe an accounting ethics course whose purpose, in part, is to short circuit the process that leads to foolish ethical decisions by professional accountants. In addressing how to make ethical decisions, the course deliberately includes processes intended to develop wisdom and to impede reflexive decisions that reflect the five fallacies of thinking. The approach described represents an active, engaging approach to increasing dialogical and dialectical reasoning in students' pursuit of wisdom through individual selection of outside reading, engaging speakers, and the use of ethics accountability groups. The course is adaptable to large and small class settings where the professor desires extensive interaction among students, and it creates an environment designed to help students develop self-chosen principles to guide their professional lives. Students take responsibility for developing self-determined principles to guide their professional lives. Clearly identifying these principles provides students a basis for resisting ethical compromises in their careers. The course focuses students on developing wisdom and recognizing the weaknesses in a purely calculation-based moral reasoning.


The role of university partners in the innovation adoption process in the implementation of agricultural extension is very necessary to get attention to realize the success of empowering rice seed farmers. The purpose of this research is (1) to know the role of universities in the process of adopting innovation in IPB 3S seedling in Aceh Province, (2) to know the perception of farmers toward the characteristics of the innovation of IPB 3S varieties, and (3) to know the role of universities in the implementation process of extension agriculture to rice seed farmers. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach with data measurement using Likert scale. The results showed that in general the universities play significant role in innovation adoption process to rice seed farmers. The role is arranged by sequence; (1) implementing cultivation skill (2) strengthening farmer institution, (3) liaison with the government (4) guidance of transfer of technology, and (5) liaison with production market. Farmers perception on the characteristics of innovation optimum production technology package (IPB-Prima) IPB 3S (1) has a relative profitability, (2) easy to try, (3) conformity, (4) observable, and (5) innovation subtly level. The role of partners in the implementation of agricultural extension in sequence (1) conformity of extension materials, (2) intensity of extension, (3) appropriateness of extension method and (4) accuracy of media usage. The university should pay attention on the mechanism of facilitating technology transfer with the use of media and appropriate extension methods to rice seed farmers. The university also should build good communication with private organizations to help farmers in terms of seed price certainty produced by rice seed farmers in Aceh Province, Indonesia.


The paper compares performance of different modulation formats for 16-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) with transmission speed of 10 Gbit/s per channel. Non return to zero (NRZ), return to zero (RZ), carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ), duobinary (DB), NRZ differential phase shift keying (NRZ DPSK), RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK formats are compared to evaluate their performance for the selected transmission network topology. Simulation results are obtained in the environment of OptSim software. It is shown that DB and CSRZ-DPSK formats yield the better performance achieving, respectively, maximal reach equal to 100 and 97 km.


Using median-unbiased estimation, recent research has questioned the validity of Rogoff's "remarkable consensus" of 3-5 year half-lives of deviations from PPP. These estimates, however, are based on unit root tests with low power. We extend median-unbiased estimation to the efficient unit root test of Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (1996). We find that median-unbiased estimation based on the more powerful unit root test has the potential to tighten confidence intervals for half- lives. Using long horizon real exchange rate data, we find that the typical lower bound of the confidence intervals for median-unbiased half-lives is above 3 years. Thus, while previous confidence intervals for half-lives are consistent with virtually anything, our tighter confidence intervals now rule out economic models with nominal rigidities as candidates for explaining the observed behavior of real exchange rates. Therefore, while we obtain more information using efficient unit root tests on longer term data, this information moves us away from solving the PPP puzzle.


A kind of feed forward neural network with three layers was applied to detect conveyor belt fire faster. And backward propagation (BP) algorithm was used to train the network parameters. The appropriate parameters and architecture of network were ob- tained after training with 81 pair of data. Matlab was used to simulate and the experi- ment result shows training time is least and error reduces most rapidly when ten neu- rons were in hidden layer and momentum coefficient is equal to 0.95. Temperature, rate of temperature change, dense of carbon monoxide and rate of carbon monoxide dense change were considered as four parameters to detect the PVC belt fire in this paper. It is indicated that the network can give alarm as fire takes place about 350 s. The network can effectively detect the fire at the early stage of conveyor belt fire. At the same time, the reliability of alarm can be increased and the anti-interference capability can be en- hanced when using this network.


In Our Study 100 cases of pleural effusion were taken up and we found
that the incidence is more common in males than in females.
It has been found that Tuberculosis is the most common cause of pleural
effusion as it is the most prevalent infectious disease in India. Out of the 100 cases 66 patients were to be of Tuberculous etiology.
Tuberculous pleural effusion with clinical presentation (66 cases, 66%):
Out of 66 cases of Tuberculous pleural effusion majority of cases were presented with the following manifestations like cough with expectoration, sputum, chest pain, fever, loss of appetite and loss of weight. Apart from the above Symptomatology, dyspnoea and hemoptysis were present.
Malignant Effusion (10 cases, 10 %):
Out of 10 neoplastic conditions eight presented with effusion primarily of
lung pathology in the form of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma. The patient with Squamous cell carcinoma presented with cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnoea, clubbing and enlarged Left Supraclavicular node. The Adenocarcinoma patient apart from the above symptoms also presented with secondaries in the skull and facial palsy and deafness.
The other 2 were found to be serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary and Hodgkins lymphoma (1 case).
The patient with serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary presented
as painful lower abdominal lump.
The patient with Hodgkins lymphoma (1 case) presented with symptoms of
Mediastinal mass with chest pain and breathlessness other one presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, fever and weight loss.
Cardiac failure with pleural effusion (15 cases, 15%):
All cases were due to post infarction failure. They presented with symptoms of anginal chest pain, palpitation, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Orthopnoea and cough.
Pleural Effusion Due To Renal Disease (3 cases, 3%):
Nephrotic Syndrome with Pleural Effusion (1 case):
The patient presented with puffiness of face, generalized edema, dyspnoea and cough.
Diabetic nephropathy with pleural effusion (2 cases):
Diabetic nephropathy leading on to chronic renal failure presented with easy fatigability, puffiness of face, oliguria, volume overload and dyspnoea.
Cirrhosis with pleural effusion (2 cases):
The patient presented with abdominal distention hemetemesis, B/L pedal
edema, oliguria, loss of appetite and other evidence of portal hypertension.
Acute Pancreatitis (2 cases):
`Patient presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, hemetemesis,
dehydration and hypovolemic shock.
Pyogenic effusion (2 cases):
Both patients presented with high grade fever associated with rigor and
chills, dyspnoea and the patient was found to be toxic and delirious. The pus cultures were positive for Proteus in one and Staph. aureus in the other.
Study done by Govindasamy et al., 1985 shows 73.3% Tuberculous pleural
effusion, 16.7% due to malignant pleural effusion, 6.7% were due to cardiovascular disease and 3.3% were due to liver disease.
In our series, etiological causes of pleural effusion are as follows:
66% due to Tuberculosis,
10% due to Malignancy,
15% due to Cardiac disease,
3% due to Renal disease,
2% due to Pyogenic effusion,
2% due to Acute pancreatitis,
2% due to Liver disease.
According to Harrison's principles of internal Medicine 16th edition 2005, the
most commonest cause of pleural effusion in cardiac disease is Left ventricular failure. In
our study also all the Fifteen cardiac disease patients with pleural effusion are due to Left
ventricular failure.
According to Oxford Text Book of Medicine, 4th edition 2003, in acute pancreatitis
with pleural effusion the ratio between pleural fluid Amylase/ serum amylase > 1. in our
study also acute pancreatitis with pleural effusion, the ratio of pleural fluid amylase 350 S
units/L / serum amylase 200 S units/L is > 1.


In recent decades, the researchers, the subject of scientific research which has been government, recognized the need for a clearer understanding of the motivational context of the organization of the public service. Subject of work motivation has traditionally been the subject of psychology and, unfortunately, it continues to receive limited attention in scientific research in the field of public administration. It should be recognized that at present there is no uniform and comprehensive labor theory of motivation. Nevertheless, some theoretical advances in this field have been achieved, which can contribute to efforts to understand the motivational context of civil servants.


Background:There are major health inequalities between residential areas. However, it remains unclear whether these inequalities are due to social causation or selective residential mobility, because little is known about the associations between health-related factors and selective residential mobility. This study examined how depressive symptoms, social support, and health behaviors are associated with subsequent residential mobility, as measured by frequency, distance, and direction of moves. Methods: Participants were selected from the Young Finns prospective cohort study (N = 3017) with four study waves in 1992, 1997, 2001, and 2007. Complete residential mobility history was gathered for each participant from registry data. Residential mobility was assessed over three-year periods following each study wave. The direction of mobility was measured as changes in residential location's population density, health index, mortality index, and unemployment. Area characteristics were used as covariates together with the participants' age, sex, and education. Results: Individuals reporting higher social support from friends were more likely to move (b = 0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.37) and move more frequently (b = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14), whereas individuals reporting higher social support from their family members were less likely to move (b = −0.08; 95% CI: −0.14, −0.02). Better health behaviors were associated with longer moving distances (b = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06, −0.23). None of the individual characteristics were associated with the direction of moves as measured by changes in municipality characteristics. Conclusions: Some of the health-related characteristics are associated with residential mobility in Finland. However, these individual characteristics do not seem to predict systematic selective residential mobility across municipalities with different regional health profiles.


A depression in the sub-Quaternary surface, demarcated by Ostroleka, Ostrow Mazowiecka and Chorzele, reaches in its bottom 80-120 m b.s.l. and possesses also a branch of the same depth. In the Quaternary substrate there are rocks of the Upper Cretaceous, Palaeogene and Neogene. A significant role for an explanation of the origin of the sub-Quaternary depression is played by a site of fluvial-lake Eopleistocene deposits at Opaleniec near Chorzele. It proves that already during the earliest Quaternary, a well developed fluvial pattern existed in this area and was probably dependent on tectonic foundations. Deep valleys of that time initiated a system of depressions, modified then during the whole Pleistocene. A sub-Quaternary surface is there now a polygenetic surface, developed mainly due to repeated processes of glacial and fluvial erosion. Ice sheet produced deformations played a secondary role in modelling a depression. Glaciotectonic processes were marked particularly at its western and southwestern margins, opposing in general the ice sheet movements.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on hippocampal glutamate (Glu) and Ca2+ contents, and expression of Glu-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR) and the learning-memory ability in vascular dementia (VD) rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of VD.

METHODS
SD rats were rando-mized into sham operation (sham) group (n=9), model group (n=11) and EA groups (n=10). The VD model was established by repeated bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion and reperfusion plus intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside. EA (2 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20)-"Housanli" (ST 36) and "Geshu" (BL 17)-"Dazhui" (GV 14) for 10 min, once a day for 15 consecutive days. The neurological function was assessed by using stroke index (0-10 points) and neurological deficit scaling(0-10 points). The learning-memory ability was evaluated by using step-down tests. The contents of Glu and Ca2+ in the right hippocampal tissue were determined by using aspectrophotometer and the expression of NMDAR protein in the right hippocampus was detected by immunoblotting.

RESULTS
Compared with the sham group, the stroke index and neurological deficit scores, and the reaction latency and the error times of step-down tests, as well as the contents of Glu and Ca2+ and the expression level of NMDAR in the right hippocampus were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the step-through latency was considerably decreased (P<0.01), suggesting a neurological disorder and a cognitive decline. After EA intervention, the reaction latency and error times of step-down tests, the contents of Glu and Ca2+ and the expression level of NMDAR in the right hippocampus were significantly down-regulated, and the step-through latency was notably increased in comparison with the model group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
EA intervention is able to improve the cognitive ability of VD rats, which may be associated with its effects in reducing the excitatory neurotoxicity of hippocampal Glu-NMDAR and lowering cellular Ca2+ load to resist neuronal injury.


As the 'important law of treating haze' of the new period, while the newly revised Air Pollution Law of the People's Republic of China is effectively promoting all people to participate in battle of air pollution prevention by defining the new joint prevention and control of air pollution pattern, concretizing local supervision responsibilities and diversified appraisal mechanisms, improving the liability system of air pollution, etc., it gradually exposes many difficult problems, such as soft regulations about source treatment, improperly combing key concepts, dysfunctional joint conferences without actual effects, and failing to realize the cooperative progress of economic development and environmental protection. It is urgent to effectively improve air environment quality and realize the ecological process of economic development by building crisscross and the bidirectional mechanism of joint prevention and control of air pollution, setting up the scientific operational model involving subjects of pollution sources, building diversified disputes handling patterns, perfecting sharing scientific and technological methods of preventing and controlling air pollution, and improving the information disclose system.


Esports is a strong phenomenon, especially in the world of children, youth, and youth. This study aims to contribute new ideas, ideas, and perspectives in the debate on Esports discourse in the world of sports, as well as in order to raise the awareness of sports academics to study more deeply about esports from various points of view of sports science. The research method used is library research. Data collection techniques by conducting a review study of books, literature, notes, journals and reports. Judging from the three main elements in sports, physical, competition and institutional, Esports cannot be identified as a sport mainly because of the physical activity missing in Esports. Although the movements that look amazing cannot be ascribed to Esports players, they require some motor skills in playing the game including hand-eye coordination and speed of action with strategic and tactical understanding but that is still considered lacking and still far from being a sport. Besides that, there is an element of addiction and symptoms of lack of movement, if you play video games too often, it is also a consideration in determining Esports as a sport. It is necessary for the role of various stakeholders and appropriate government institutions to handle esports so that they can develop and contribute as expected


The (pro)renin receptor (P)RR discovery, which is a novel constituent of Renin Angiotensin-Aldosteron System (RAS) has brought renin and (pro)renin back into spotlight. The (P)RR binds both renin and its inactive precursor (pro)renin, this binding triggers a cascade of intracellular signalling that eventually leads to upregulation of the expression of profibrotic genes, potentially leading to pathogenesis of cardiac and renal fibrosis, growth and remodelling. Clinically, it is also seen that prorenin secreted from the extrarenal tissues like adrenal, ovary, placenta testis, and retina increases 100 folds during diabetes. It has been proved in transgenic animals that the over expression of (P)RR in smooth muscle cells develops hypertension, glomerulosclerosis and kidney damage. Furthermore, the early embryonic lethality seen in (P)RR null mice suggests that (P)RR has additional essential cellular functions. Although, identification of (P)RR has improved our understanding of the physiology of the tissue RAS, its role in pathology is far from clear. Hence (P)RR is a major spotlight in the area of clinical and pathological science, and it can be used for the target oriented drug discovery too. Keywords: Prorenin receptor, prorenin, renin, handle region peptide Cite this Article Iswar Hazarika, Anju Das. A Review on the Clinical and Pathological Significance of Prorenin Receptor [(P)RR]. Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacology. 2015; 5(2): 11–17p. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE


Nerve transfer is the most common treatment for total brachial plexus avulsion injury. After nerve transfer, the movement of the injured limb may be activated by certain movements of the healthy limb at the early stage of recovery, i.e., trans-hemispheric reorganization. Previous studies have focused on functional magnetic resonance imaging and changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and growth associated protein 43, but there have been no proteomics studies. In this study, we designed a rat model of total brachial plexus avulsion injury involving contralateral C7 nerve transfer. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and western blot assay were then used to screen differentially expressed proteins in bilateral motor cortices. We found that most differentially expressed proteins in both cortices of upper limb were associated with nervous system development and function (including neuron differentiation and development, axonogenesis, and guidance), microtubule and cytoskeleton organization, synapse plasticity, and transmission of nerve impulses. Two key differentially expressed proteins, neurofilament light (NFL) and Thy-1, were identified. In contralateral cortex, the NFL level was upregulated 2 weeks after transfer and downregulated at 1 and 5 months. The Thy-1 level was upregulated from 1 to 5 months. In the affected cortex, the NFL level increased gradually from 1 to 5 months. Western blot results of key differentially expressed proteins were consistent with the proteomic findings. These results indicate that NFL and Thy-1 play an important role in trans-hemispheric organization following total brachial plexus root avulsion and contralateral C7 nerve transfer.


Objectives: To compare patterns and understand drivers of spending and utilization by month in the last 6 months of life between patients with lung cancer who used hospice versus those who did not. Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis using 2009 to 2013 Medicare claims. Methods: We used a 10% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with lung cancer who died between 2010 and 2013 (43 789 beneficiaries). Patients were assigned to 2 groups depending on whether they used hospice care in the last 6 months of life. The following outcomes were constructed by month: (1) all-cause Medicare spending, (2) indicator of hospitalization, (3) indicator of emergency department (ED) visit, (4) number of part B chemotherapy claims, and (5) number of radiation therapy sessions. We used a combination of propensity score matching and regression analysis to compare outcomes between the 2 groups. Results: Patients who used hospice had significantly lower spending in the last month of life compared to nonusers (US$16 907 vs US$26 906, P < .00). The spending differences in the last month of life between the 2 groups were largely driven by lower likelihood of hospitalization (54% vs 80%, P < .01) and ED visits (15% vs 22%, P < .01) and fewer chemotherapy (0.12 vs 0.32, P < .01) and radiation therapy sessions (0.80 vs 1.26, P < .01). During the other months in the 6-month period, spending was similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Timely hospice enrollment of patients with lung cancer—the group suffering from high morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer—may lead to significant cost savings.


This paper considers the capacity of urban network and community-based planning to generate global knowledge flows and human-scale environments. It presents a study investigating the presence, relative density and distribution of innovation-supporting infrastructure surrounding major train stations in five cities. Four are highly-innovative, mid-size cities: Boston, Portland, Stuttgart and Dusseldorf. The fifth is Joondalup, a city in Western Australia which has similarly targeting knowledge development and innovation but has not received the same global recognition.

This paper contributes to discussions of how local-global linkages and social capital building capacity of local urban planning can support innovation and knowledge development. It suggests that an analysis of localised spatial infrastructure and amenities of innovation indicate a region's propensity to fulfil new economy priorities.


Orientation of the lamellar microdomains in thin films of three symmetric polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene) block copolymers (S65E155, S156E358, and S199E452) on mica was investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that lamellar orientation in the SxEy block copolymers greatly depends on the molar mass of the block copolymers, the temperature of solvent evaporation, and annealing. The nascent thin film of the low molar mass block copolymer, S65E155, shows a multilayered structure parallel to the mica surface with the PS block at both polymer/mica and polymer/air interfaces, but the high molar mass block copolymers, S156E358 and S199E452, exhibit a structure with lamellar microdomains perpendicular to the mica surface. When the solvent is evaporated at a lower temperature, the crystallization rate is fast and a two-dimensional spherulite structure with the lamellar microdomains perpendicular to the mica surface is observed. Annealing of all the thin films with lamellar microdomains perpendicular to the mica surface leads to morphological transformation into a multilayered structure parallel to the mica surface. In all SxEy thin films on mica, the stems of PE crystals are always perpendicular to the interface between the lamellar PE and PS microdomains. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of different microdomain orientations in the thin films of semicrystalline block copolymers. When the thin film is prepared from a homogeneous solution, microdomains perpendicular to the substrate surface are formed rapidly for strongly segregated block copolymers or at a lower crystallization temperature and kinetically trapped by the strong segregation strength or solidification of crystallization, while for weakly segregated block copolymers or at slower crystallization rate, the orientation of the microdomains is dominated by surface selectivity.


The electroencephalograms (EEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded in 100 multiple sclerosis patients treated from 1981 to 1989. In 35 cases the EEG records were pathological and in 12 of them they showed paroxysmal changes. Pathological EEG were mostly seen in young patients, during the first relapse, with high degree of Kurtzke's disability score. Patients with paroxysmal changes showed on physical examination brain stem lesions that could be responsible for paroxysmal activity in EEG. The latencies of P100 wave and amplitudes of P100/N120 complex were analysed in two groups of patients (with and without paroxysmal activity in EEG). There was no statistically important difference between two groups, although in the group with paroxysmal changes in EEG some prolongation of the latency of P100 wave and a little higher amplitude of P100/N120 complex were recorded.


Background Studies on bidirectional associations between hypertension and insomnia are inconclusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review and summarize the current evidence from epidemiological studies that evaluated this relationship. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched for studies published up to May 2021. Prospective cohort studies that reported the relationship between hypertension and insomnia in adults were included. Data were extracted or provided by the authors according to the prevalence rate, incidence rate, unadjusted or adjusted odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. ORs were pooled by using random-effects models. Results A total of 23 prospective studies were identified. Twenty cohort studies recorded OR-adjusted value with the outcome for hypertension (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16; I2 = 83.9%), and three cohort studies reported OR-adjusted value with the outcome for insomnia (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.08–1.32; I2 = 35.1%). Subgroup analysis showed that early morning awakening and composite insomnia were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions The result indicates a possible bidirectional association between hypertension and insomnia. Early identification and prevention of insomnia in hypertension patients are needed, and vice versa.


Multicore processors are increasingly important for automotive systems, proof of which is the recent multicore extensions to the AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) standard 4.0. Unfortunately, the current AUTOSAR communication stack specification is still designed to run on a single-core. For that reason, in multicore processors, network applications running on a different core need a proxy to communicate, which incurs substantial overhead due to unnecessary copies. In this paper, we propose two new approaches for the implementation of the AUTOSAR communication stack in multicore systems: the PDUR server and the MCOM server. Both approaches allocate separate communication buffers for each core—in order to minimize data copies— and their main difference is the inter-core communication layer of at which that allocation occurs. We implemented both approaches, as well as two other existing approaches—the AUTOSAR proxy-based approach and the giant lock approach—on a physical platform; and conducted an extensive evaluation to compare them. The experimental results show advantages and disadvantages in each approach. We expect that the results will be useful to guide the implementation of multicore communication stack.


Some territorial animals discriminate among neighbours and strangers based on individual differences in acoustic signals. Male North American bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, display this form of discrimination based on individual variation in advertisement calls. In this study, we investigated the acoustic basis of neighbour–stranger discrimination to determine how individual identity might be encoded by particular properties of bullfrog advertisement calls. We analysed patterns of within-male and between-male variability in 1078 bullfrog advertisement calls recorded from 27 territorial males. All call properties that we examined varied significantly among males. However, fundamental frequency and dominant frequency showed the lowest within-male variation and the highest repeatability between two recording sessions, and both properties were highly correlated with the first canonical root from discriminant function analyses, which typically accounted for 70–80% of the variability between males. We suggest that neighbour–stranger discrimination in bullfrogs is partially mediated by between-male differences in the spectral or fine temporal properties of advertisement calls.


The practice of withdrawing fiduciary guarantees by financing institutions has often caused controversy because each party has a legal basis that can be used to maintain the goods resulting in the use of physical force to be able to withdraw fiduciary guarantee goods. These ways of withdrawal eventually became a problem in society so that it extended into problems related to human rights violations. That resulted in the emergence of a request for a material test of Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary, especially in Article 15 paragraphs (2) and (3) and then the Constitutional Court issued Decree No. 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019 about Fiduciary especially in Article 15 paragraphs (2) and (3) and then the Constitutional Court issued Decree No. 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019 which contains that there must be an agreement between the debtor and creditors about the state of default and for that then the debtor is authorized to withdraw the fiduciary guarantee or willingly release the fiduciary guarantee item, if there is no agreement and willingness then the withdrawal order must be through a court ruling. Because it is considered that the verdict provides injustice on the creditor's side, it is further submitted a material test of the court's decision, and through The Court's Decision No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021, the Court stated that it rejected the request for a material test and upheld the previous verdict. Based on this, this study will legally review how the withdrawal of fiduciary guarantee goods based on the ruling and as a conclusion is the withdrawal that can be made by creditors against fiduciary guarantee goods are: (a) Make an agreement with the debtor where the debtor voluntarily submits the fiduciary guarantee to the creditor, for sale through auction. The terms of the sale are prohibited to harm the debtor, i.e. if the selling price is below the value of debit debt; (b) Request a verdict to the judge to be able to execute the item based on the registered fiduciary certificate, and for the next sale of the fiduciary guarantee at auction. If it is not done as such then the creditor is at risk of being reported as a criminal delik with Article 362 of KUHP for attempted theft (if the taking of the goods is unknown to the owner of the goods) and/or Article 368 of the Criminal Code on attempts to confiscate the property of others.


A number of people with HIV participated in a 48-hour cognitive behavioral group intervention, divided into four monthly workshops. Twenty-six participants started the program and 18 completed it and responded at the four-month follow-up. After treatment, significant improvement was achieved in declared stigma, internalized stigma, depression, and state anxiety. All these improvements were maintained at the follow-up measurement four months later, with trait anxiety also improving in this last measure. Participants' results were compared with an HIV control group. Twenty-four respondents completed the first test battery and 16 completed the last. The evolution of this group was assessed, as well as the differences between both groups at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. Intragroup and inter-group comparisons were examined with the Student t-tests for related samples and for independent samples respectively. In addition, the effect size was calculated for each comparison. The results support the efficacy of the group intervention presented.


Existing sequential recommendation methods rely on large amounts of training data and usually suffer from the data sparsity problem. To tackle this, the pre-training mechanism has been widely adopted, which attempts to leverage large-scale data to perform self-supervised learning and transfer the pre-trained parameters to downstream tasks. However, previous pre-trained models for recommendation focus on leverage universal sequence patterns from user behaviour sequences and item information, whereas ignore capturing personalized interests with the heterogeneous user information, which has been shown effective in contributing to personalized recommendation. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance pre-trained models with heterogeneous user information, called User-aware Pre-training for Recommendation (UPRec). Specifically, UPRec leverages the user attributes andstructured social graphs to construct self-supervised objectives in the pre-training stage and proposes two user-aware pre-training tasks. Comprehensive experimental results on several real-world large-scale recommendation datasets demonstrate that UPRec can effectively integrate user information into pre-trained models and thus provide more appropriate recommendations for users.


This research investigates the influence of compaction methods on the shear strength characteristics of laterite soil. Comparison was made between static and dynamic methods of compaction in order to ascertain their similarity and a better optional method. The use of compression machine is a probabilistic method under uncertainties that is anticipated to produce similar results compared to the Standard Proctor compaction method due to machine wear and tear. Therefore, this research compares the shear strength of laterite soil compacted using Standard Proctor and that of compression machine. Basic indices and mechanical properties of laterite soil such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, compaction and shear strength properties were determined. The effects of moisture content, compactive methods and the rate of stress-strain on the unconfined shear strength were also studied. The maximum deviator stress for the laterite soil compacted at 26.4 % moisture content using standard proctor and compression machine compaction are 459.35 kPa and 219.5 kPa respectively. The results obtained from this study show that the laterite soil samples compacted using the Standard Proctor yielded higher unconfined compressive strength compared to those compacted using compression machine. Therefore, to obtain shear strength of soils for field applications, the use of static compaction technique in laboratory requires careful investigation because it might not produce the required representative results.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to know the difference of AIP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with and without DM. This study was conducted by cross sectional method using data from the medical records of AMI patients at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar during January 2010 up to May 2013. The AIP values were calculated by the [log (TG: HDL-C)] formula. All data were classified into two groups. The data were then analyzed by unpaired T test. In this study, AMI was mostly found in the 50–59 years group, 33.63%. The AIP in AMI with DM was higher than without DM (0.69±0.26 vs 0.57±0.26, p=0.001). The AIP in AMI with and without DM was higher in the female than the male group (0.63±0.24 vs 0.62±0.28. P=0.58). The Atherogenic Index of Plasma in AMI with DM was higher than without DM. Based on this study, it can be concluded, that AIP can be used as the predictor of cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients.


While performing the postmortem examination of rats described in a preceding article which deals with the nephrotoxic action of ingested cystine, it was found that liver injury was commonly present in those rats that had ingested the diets containing 0.75 per cent or more of cystine. The livers of those rats that received the largest amounts of cystine were much darker than normal and suggested the color of fresh blood clot; whereas in the rats that had been fed small amounts of cystine, an outstanding gross injury was not detected. On microscopic examination it was found that even the addition of 0.75 per cent of cystine to an 8 per cent casein diet gave evidence of well marked injury. Further microscopic study indicated that the degree and extent of the injury was roughly proportional to the amount of cystine in the diet (table 1). The character of the lesion is


Materials and methods: intracardiac masses are describedas abnormal structures inside the heart orimmediately concerned to the heart [1] and can beclassified as a cardiac tumor, metastasis, ,,thrombusin situ"/,,embolus in transit", vegetation or iatrogenicmaterial [2, 3]. The precise diagnosis is essentialdue to the necessity of the expedient well-timedtreatment. We report a case of 58 year old womanwith recently diagnosed left lung adenocarcinoma,admitted to the emergency department with pulmonaryembolism. The case report presented here describesthe findings of transthoracical echocardiographythat suggested a right atrial mass – thrombusversus embolus. However, the subsequent CMRimaging helped to differentiate a true right atrialmass from a prominent crista terminalis.Conclusions: the cardiovascular magnetic resonanceimaging is a valuable diagnostic method for thedifferentiation of the intracardiac masses when thetransthoracical and/or transesophagial echocardiographyis inadequate in some clinical cases. Thisnoninvasive, cost-effective imaging technique has alarger field of view and differentiates various conditionsof the heart therefore the expedient well-timedtreatment could be applied.


A local interaction between photons can be engineered by coupling a nonlinear system to a transmission line. The required high impedance transmission line can be conveniently formed from a chain of Josephson junctions. The nonlinearity is generated by side-coupling this chain to a Cooper pair box. We propose to probe the resulting photon-photon interactions via their effect on the current-voltage characteristic of a voltage-biased Josephson junction connected to the transmission line. Considering the Cooper pair box to be in the weakly anharmonic regime, we find that the dc current through the probe junction yields features around the voltages $2eV=n\hbar\omega_s$, where $\omega_s$ is the plasma frequency of the superconducting circuit. The features at $n\ge 2$ are a direct signature of the photon-photon interaction in the system.


Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and nutrition of Moringa leaf extract. In addition, the preliminary study for the preparation of Moringa leaf extract-loaded phytosomes for a supplement.
Methods: Extraction of Moringa leaf made using microwave-assisted extraction, followed by evaluation of proximate analysis (water, total ash, acid-insoluble of ash contents, and residual n-hexane), phytochemical screening, and nutrition such as crude protein, amino acids, and minerals (iron, zinc, and calcium). The phytosomes were prepared by the anti-solvent precipitation method and assessed for the morphology, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE), and Fourier-transform infrared spectra.
Results: The nutrition contents of crude protein, iron, zinc, and calcium were 19.61±0.07%, 3.47±0.00 mg/100g, 5.46±0.05 mg/100g, and 747.40±4.89 mg/100g, respectively. The amino acids with the highest concentrations were glutamic acid, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, alanine, and arginine in the extract. The best preparation using sonication 10 min by morphology was a spherical included particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and EE of arginine was 87.16±1.73 nm, 0.22±0.04, −23.07±0.76 mV, and 108.94±0.52%, respectively.
Conclusion: These preliminary results provide evidence of the nutritional benefit of Moringa leaf extract-loaded phytosomes as a promising supplement to prevent stunting in children.


Efficient and reversible charge transfer is essential to realizing high-performance solid-state batteries. Efforts to enhance charge transfer at critical electrode-electrolyte interfaces have proven successful, yet interfacial chemistry and its impact on cell function remains poorly understood. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with electrochemical techniques, we elucidate chemical coordination near the LiCoO2-LIPON interface, providing experimental validation of space-charge separation. Space-charge layers, defined by local enrichment and depletion of charges, have previously been theorized and modeled, but the unique chemistry of solid-state battery interfaces is now revealed. Here we highlight the non-Faradaic migration of Li+ ions from the electrode to the electrolyte, which reduces reversible cathodic capacity by ∼15%. Inserting a thin, ion-conducting LiNbO3 interlayer between the electrode and electrolyte, however, can reduce space-charge separation, mitigate the loss of Li+ from LiCoO2, and return cathodic capacity to its theoretical value. This work illustrates the importance of interfacial chemistry in understanding and improving solid-state batteries.


Product developers continue to be plagued by the high incidence of new product failure. This monograph presents the results of a two‐phase empirical study designed to shed some light on approaches which might improve the process.Phase I focuses on a large sample of such failures and reveals that industrial product firms suffer from an inward orientation. The main reasons for failure were found to be a lack of understanding of customers, competition and the market environment. A review of the many activities involved on the new product process showed that market oriented activities consistently fared the worst when compared to technical, production and financial evaluation. Finally, a lack of marketing research personnel and skills was thought to have contributed more to industrial product failure than any other resource deficiency.Phase II of the research presents three case histories of exceptionally successful and well‐executed industrial new product ventures. They reveal that the development of new products is a sequential and goal‐oriented process, each stage involving information acquisition activity followed by evaluation and decision. Incremental commitment is identified as an effective route to risk reduction. The case histories demonstrate that market orientation in industrial product development is not only feasible but highly desirable.


In 1995, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data looking at adding chemotherapy (drug treatment) to best supportive care. It gathered together information from all patients who took part in similar trials. These trials compared what happened to people with NSCLC who were given chemotherapy and best supportive care with those who only had best supportive care. We found that giving chemotherapy helped patients with advanced NSCLC to live longer.


The activity concentration of 222Rn, 226Ra and total uranium in groundwater samples collected from wells distributed throughout the state of Chihuahua has been measured. The values obtained of total uranium activity concentration in groundwater throughout the state run from <0.03 up to 1.34 Bq l-1. Generally, radium activity concentration was <0.16 Bq l-1, with some exceptions; in spring water of San Diego de Alcalá, in contrast, the value reached approximately 5.3 Bq l-1. Radon activity concentration obtained throughout the state was from 1.0 to 39.8 Bq l-1. A linear correlation between uranium and radon dissolved in groundwater of individual wells was observed near Chihuahua City. Committed effective dose estimates for reference individuals were performed, with results as high as 134 microSv for infants in Aldama city. In Aldama and Chihuahua cities the average and many individual wells showed activity concentration values of uranium exceeding the Mexican norm of drinking water quality.


A study on The Gender Determination Of Betutu Germ (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) by Truss Morphometrics used survey method with Simple Random Sampling design, Betutu's germ as sample were taken from Penjalin reservoir, Brebes. The 26 distance of 13 pile points were based or Truss Morphometrics it were recorded as variables. The result of this research indicated that the size of Betutu's A2 (origin anterior tip of snout at upper jaw – most posterior aspect of neurocranium), A4 (origin posterior point maxillary – origin of pelvic fin), B5 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of dorsal fin), B6 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of anal fin), D1 (insertion of anal fin – origin of lower caudal fin) and D3 (insertion of dorsal II fin – origin of lower caudal fin) can differentiate the gender of Betutu's germ. Keyword : Betutu, Oxyeleotris marmorata, truss morphometrics, pile points.


Objective: We aim to identify the crucial genes or potential biomarkers associated with uterine fibroids (UFs), which may provide clinicians with evidence about the diagnostic biomarker of UFs and reveal the mechanism of its progression. Methods: The gene expression and genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). GSE45189, GSE31699, and GSE593 datasets were included. GEO2R and Venn diagrams were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and extract the hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed by the online tool Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The mRNA and protein expression of hub genes were validated by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. Results: We detected 22 DEGs between UFs and normal myometrium, which were enriched in cell maturation, apoptotic process, hypoxia, protein binding, and cytoplasm for cell composition. By finding the intersection of the data between differentially expressed mRNA and DNA methylation profiles, 3 hub genes were identified, including transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1), TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), and proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). PLP1 was validated to be up-regulated significantly in UFs both at mRNA and protein levels. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PLP1 was 0.956, with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that PLP1 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for uterine fibroids.


Although sub-100 nm nanoclusters of metal nanoparticles are of interest in many fields including biomedical imaging, sensors, and catalysis, it has been challenging to control their morphologies and chemical properties. Herein, a new concept is presented to assemble equilibrium Au nanoclusters of controlled size by tuning the colloidal interactions with a polymeric stabilizer, PLA(1k)-b-PEG(10k)-b-PLA(1k). The nanoclusters form upon mixing a dispersion of ~5 nm Au nanospheres with a polymer solution followed by partial solvent evaporation. A weakly adsorbed polymer quenches the equilibrium nanocluster size and provides steric stabilization. Nanocluster size is tuned from ~20 to ~40 nm by experimentally varying the final Au nanoparticle concentration and the polymer/Au ratio, along with the charge on the initial Au nanoparticle surface. Upon biodegradation of the quencher, the nanoclusters reversibly and fully dissociate to individual ~5 nm primary particles. Equilibrium cluster size is predicted semiquantitatively with a free energy model that balances short-ranged depletion and van der Waals attractions with longer-ranged electrostatic repulsion, as a function of the Au and polymer concentrations. The close spacings of the Au nanoparticles in the clusters produce strong NIR extinction over a broad range of wavelengths from 650 to 900 nm, which is of practical interest in biomedical imaging.


Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent complex disorder among adults worldwide which includes cardiovascular risk factors such as central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. MetS or its components are prevalent in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), a common urogenital disorder of adult male with increasing age. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015 with a total of 100 subjects. Of these 50 patients of BPH attending the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka was taken as Group I and 50 age-matched apparently healthy adults was taken as Group II. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III, 2005) criteria, components of MetS as fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, serum HDL-C level, blood pressure, waist circumference were assessed and compared between groups by chi-square (x2) tests and unpaired student's 't' test as appropriate. A p value <0.05 at 95% CI was considered as significant. Metabolic Syndrome was significantly more common in BPH patients than that of healthy individuals (72% VS 38%, p=0.001). Mean±SD of fasting plasma glucose and serum triglycerides were significantly higher in Group I than that of Group II (5.7±0.6 mmol/l vs 5.13±0.97 mmol/l, p=0.001; and 191.3±33.9 mg/dl vs 159.2±45.5 mg/dl, p=0.001, respectively). Percentage of subjects having high blood pressure, high serum triglyceride and low serum HDL-C were significantly high in BPH patients (Group I) than that of healthy individuals of Group II (BP: 72% VS 44%, p=0.005, TG: 90% vs 54%, p=0.001, HDL-C: 72% VS 54%,p=0.001). Metabolic syndrome or its components are more common among patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Routine investigations to detect MetS can be done to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus in BPH patients. Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2015; 8(2): 42-48


Microscopists are familiar with many blemishes that fluorescence images can have due to dust and debris, glass flaws, uneven distribution of fluids or surface coatings, etc. Microarray scans do show similar artifacts, which might affect subsequent analysis. We developed a tool, Harshlight, for the detection and masking of blemishes in HDONA microarray chips. Harshlight uses a combination of statistic and image processing methods to identify defects. We demonstrate that Harshlight can be widely used for chips with different technologies thanks to its user-tunable parameters. Here we report its application to SNP microarrays


Purpose: To examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise (TCE) on muscle strength, flexibility of low extremities, postural balance and cognition in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Method: A nonequivalent control-group pre and post-test design was used. Of the 30 participants 15 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The experimental group participated in 8 weeks of TCE which included one day of exercise with instructor on site and 3 days of self-exercise at home guided by a videotape. Results: The 8 weeks of TCE were found to be significantly effective in enhancing strength of low extremities, flexibility of ankles and shoulders, time of tandem stand with eye closed and level on the K-MMSE (Korean mini mental state examination). Conclusion: These results suggest that TCE has positive effects on physical fitness and cognition in patients with PD. Research over an extended period with the TCE intervention is recommended to identify further effects.


Around 1950 a series of interdisciplinary conferences in the United States, later known as the Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, were key to the development of a number of fields and were especially influential on the concept of information. This chapter explores two views of information which emerged from the conferences: the hard view of Wiener and Shannon; and the soft view of Bateson, Mackay and Ashby. The hard view has information as an object in its own right which can be analysed mathematically while the soft view emphasises the context and meaning of information, and the role of the observer.


HPLC method of determination of dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt in food products and polymeric packing materials has been developed. The migration of DGA from food-contacting materials to food matrix has been investigated.


Abstract Governmental development strategies focus on entrepreneurship as a major resource for the economic development of indigenous peoples. While initiatives and programs are locally based, there is a debate in the academic literature about how contextual factors affect the identification of indigenous entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and integrate indigenous entrepreneurship literature to identify the main indigenous entrepreneurship models. Thus, a systematic literature review was conducted. In total, 25 relevant articles were identified in selected electronic databases and manual searches of Australian Business Deans Council ranked journals from January 1, 1995 to the end of 2016. Using a systematic analysis of sociocultural contexts and locations, the paper proposed that a typology of contextualized indigenous entrepreneurship models was possible, that were classified as urban, remote and rural. The parameters of these models, and their potential theoretical and practical applications to the study and practice of indigenous entrepreneurship ecosystems were also outlined.


Three disciplines for prioritized transmission of messages in packet switching systems are considered. Messages from a finite number of classes having their lengths drawn independently from general service time distributions are assumed to arrive to the system according to independent Poisson processes. After entering the switch, the messages are divided into packets, overhead is added, and then the packets join a queue to he served according to one of the following disciplines: head-of- the-line (HOL), HOL with message preemption, and prioritized round robin (RR). Preemption of packet transmission is not allowed in any of the disciplines, and the service disciplines of different classes need not be the same. One result of the work presented here is a model to assess delays in the case of the prioritized RR; this work appears to be the first in which messages are not of fixed length and all quanta from a given message are served at the same priority. Numerical results which illustrate effects of choice of packet lengths and service disciplines upon delay of messages from the different classes are presented.


Environmental problems arise from an interaction of man with nature. Environmental physics uses a number of sub-disciplines of physics in order to solve this problem. This in turn necessitates the study of various aspects of the man-environment interaction through educational programs. In this paper, we discuss the motives for teaching environmental physics and present some ideas of how to improve the position of this subject in the educational system in Serbia. The role of specific seminars in this field is emphasized.


Vehicle emissions are a major concern in the development of new automobiles. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and increase fuel economy and fuel flexibility. PHEVs are propelled by the energy from both gasoline and electric power sources. Penetration of PHEVs into the automobile market affects the electrical grid and increasing the electricity demand has not been fully investigated. This paper studies effects of the wide spread adoption of PHEVs on peak and base load demands in Ontario, Canada. Long-term forecasting models of peak and base load demands and the number of light-duty vehicles sold are developed. To create proper forecasting models, both linear regression (LR) and non-linear regression (NLR) techniques are employed, considering different ranges in the demographic, climate and economic variables. The results from the LR and NLR models (LRM and NLRM) are compared and the most accurate one is selected. Furthermore, forecasting the effects of PHEVs penetration is done through consideration of various scenarios of penetration levels, such as mild, normal and aggressive ones. Finally, the additional electricity demand on the Ontario electricity grid from charging PHEVs is incorporated for electricity production planning purposes.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


As a policy-based routing protocol, BGP (border gateway protocol) allows each AS to choose local routing policy independently. Possible policies conflict may result in BGP route persistent oscillation. This paper proposes an adaptive mechanism to guarantee BGP convergence with policies conflict, which neither impairs the flexibility of choosing routing policy, nor inserts additional information in BGP messages. With the mechanism, route stability is taken into BGP decision process so that unstable route is degraded to cause more stable route to be chosen to stop policies dispute. The new mechanism also can adapt to topology change and converge to new stable route.


Corals are the primary habitat-building life-form on reefs that support a quarter of the species in the ocean. A coral reef ecosystem usually consists of reefs, each of which is like a tall building in any city. These reef-building corals secrete hard calcareous exoskeletons that give them structural rigidity, and are also a prerequisite for our accu-rate 3D modeling and semantic mapping using advanced photogrammetric computer vision and machine learning. Underwater videography as a modern underwater remote sensing tool is a high-resolution coral habitat survey and mapping technique. In this paper, detailed 3D mesh models, digital surface models and orthophotos of the coral habitat are generated from the collected coral images and underwa-ter control points. Meanwhile, a novel pixel-wise semantic segmentation approach of orthophotos is performed by ad-vanced deep learning. Finally, the semantic map is mapped into 3D space. For the first time, 3D fine-grained semantic modeling and rugosity evaluation of coral reefs have been completed at millimeter (mm) accuracy. This provides a new and powerful method for understanding the processes and characteristics of coral reef change at high spatial and temporal resolution under climate change.


Breast cancer stem cells are defined as cancer cells with self-renewal capacity. Cancer stem cells are resistant to current chemotherapy and radiation, making it difficult to investigate the mechanisms of resistance and the therapeutic targets of the tumor initiating cell population. Recently, CD44 has been recognized as a useful cell-surface marker for detecting breast cancer stem cells, and the CD44+/CD24- phenotype selects a population with stem cell properties similar to basal-like cancer cells. CD44 is a multi-functional transmembrane protein involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The CD44 positive subpopulation of breast cancer cells are enriched in residual breast cancer cell populations after conventional therapies, suggesting that CD44 positive cells may be responsible for the recurrence of cancer and therefore it may be an important therapeutic target. We have previously shown that novel Gemini vitamin D analogs inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer epithelial cells and suppress tumorigenesis in different animal models of breast cancer. Since therapies targeting CD44 by vitamin D have not been investigated, we examined whether a novel Gemini vitamin D analog regulates CD44 expression in cultured human breast cancer cells or in mammary tumors. In basal-like MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells, the Gemini vitamin D analog BXL0124 significantly inhibited the expression of CD44 protein and reduced the transcriptional activity of the CD44 promoter in vitro. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Gemini vitamin D on CD44 expression in vivo, MCF10DCIS.com cells were xenografted into immunodeficient mice. When administered intraperitoneally (0.1 microgram/kg body weight) or orally (0.3 microgram/kg body weight) once a day for 6 weeks, Gemini vitamin D BXL0124 inhibited tumor growth and markedly decreased the expression of CD44 in the xenograft tumors. To determine whether the repression of CD44 is dependent on the vitamin D receptor (VDR), siRNA VDR was employed. The repression of CD44 expression by BXL0124 was significantly blocked by siRNA VDR in MCF10DCIS.com cells, indicating that the regulation of CD44 expression by BXL0124 is a VDR-dependent event. Taken together, the novel Gemini vitamin D analog inhibits CD44 expression in MCF10DCIS.com cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors, suggesting an inhibitory role of Gemini vitamin D analogs on cancer stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 644.


Background: The silent epidemic of chronic illness has become a significant public health challenge worldwide. The prevention and management of these deadliest health conditions primarily require empowering the individual to make healthy choices every day, e.g., healthy eating, physical exercise, etc., The first step in designing an intervention for this comprises measuring the health empowerment-related factor. However, severe scarcity of practical tools is noted. Objective: The present study aimed at the evaluation of psychometric properties of a healthy lifestyle and personal control questionnaire (HLPCQ)'s English Version in the Indian population. Method: For this, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 618 people enlisted from the Northern state of India with the help of convenience sampling strategy. Data is collected by sharing the google form of HLPCQ through various online platforms. Results: The value of Cronbach alpha and MacDonald's Omega, was >.70, suggesting HLPCQ has good reliability in the Indian population. While confirmatory factor analysis result shows that the final model with 24 items has a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.04, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.03) which implies that HLPCQ has acceptable structural and cultural validity. While the value of average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) for each factor were found to be more than .50 and .70 respectively, indicating the presence of convergent and discriminant validity for HLPCQ. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the HLPCQ has sound psychometric properties and can be used in the Indian population.


Sample-efficient exploration is crucial not only for discovering rewarding experiences but also for adapting to environment changes in a task-agnostic fashion. A principled treatment of the problem of optimal input synthesis for system identification is provided within the framework of sequential Bayesian experimental design. In this paper, we present an effective trajectory-optimization-based approximate solution of this otherwise intractable problem that models optimal exploration in an unknown Markov decision process (MDP). By interleaving episodic exploration with Bayesian nonlinear system identification, our algorithm takes advantage of the inductive bias to explore in a directed manner, without assuming prior knowledge of the MDP. Empirical evaluations indicate a clear advantage of the proposed algorithm in terms of the rate of convergence and the final model fidelity when compared to intrinsic-motivation-based algorithms employing exploration bonuses such as prediction error and information gain. Moreover, our method maintains a computational advantage over a recent model-based active exploration (MAX) algorithm, by focusing on the information gain along trajectories instead of seeking a global exploration policy. A reference implementation of our algorithm and the conducted experiments is publicly available.


Myxoid leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare variant of leiomyosarcoma, masquerading almost to perfection as a benign lesion. For, indeed, the tumor lacks the defining features of high mitotic activity, cellular atypia or necrosis, and the microscopic picture is dominated by abundant myxoid stroma containing sparse spindle cells. We report here such a case occurring in the uterus and discuss the differential diagnosis. The relevant literature is reviewed.


Monoclonal antibody BM88 identifies a neuron‐specific antigen (BM88 antigen) present in the central and peripheral nervous system of the pig (Patsavoudi et al.: Neuroscience 30:463–478, 1989; J Neurochem 56:782–788, 1991). We have previously shown that the antigen is also expressed by cultured neurons derived from newborn rat brain. In the present study we have used the monoclonal antibody BM88 and a specific polyclonal antibody in order to identify the nature of the cross‐reactive antigen in rat brain and to investigate its expression and cellular localization in the developing and adult rat nervous system. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry revealed that the rat BM88 antigen displays very similar biochemical properties with its porcine homologue. It is a neuron‐specific integral membrane protein, apparently not glycosylated, consisting of two 23 kD polypeptide chains. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated that the BM88 antigen is widely distributed in the brain of 19‐day‐old rat embryos. At this stage, immunoreactivity was particularly prominent in differentiated cellular areas and developing fiber tracts of the embryonic rat brain, but was also present in the neuroepithelium. A similar wide distribution of the BM88 antigen was observed in the adult rat brain. Here, immunoreactivity was detected in the neuropil and neuronal perikarya. Immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of the BM88 antigen during postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex showed that this molecule is particularly concentrated in the Purkinje cells between postnatal days 10 to 15; their somata and developing dendrites were distinctly immunopositive during this period. An agedependent increase in the expression of the BM88 antigen both in brain and in the cerebellum was noted. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the BM88 reaction product within the perikarya, axons and dendrites of labeled neurons in the adult brain. The BM88 reaction product was preferentially associated with the limiting membrane of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and small electron‐lucent vesicles, but was also present in the plasma membrane, especially at the level of synaptic densities. Our results show that the BM88 antigen participates in an activity common to all or most neurons, and demonstrate that the expression of this antigen is elevated upon neuronal differentiation and maturation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


1999-4974 ©2008 BUJICT Abstract—A two-factor revocable authentication approach, combining user-specific pseudo-random bit sequence with biometrics is presented. Through the mixing process, a distinct binary code, coined as BioBit, is formed. This provides a protection layer against biometrics fabrication because the system can cancel the compromised and reacquire a new one via bits replacement. BioBit delivers lower error rate as compared to sole biometrics when the genuine token is used by the authorized user. There are two identity theft scenarios may be raised: 1. stolen-biometrics: an imposter possesses intercepted biometrics data to be considered genuine; 2. stolen-token: an imposter has access genuine token and used it to claim himself as the genuine user. BioBit scheme shows the impressive performance (EER=0.001% and EER=0.002% tested on ORL and FERET datasets) in case 1. For the stolen-token case, this approach attains EER=1.28% and EER=1.36% on ORL and FERET datasets.


A problem arising in statistical data analysis and pattern recognition is to find a longest interval free of data points, given a set of data points in the unit interval. We use the inverse length of the empty interval as a parameter
in the complexity bounds, since it is small in statistically relevant cases. For sorted point sets we get nearly optimal strategies. While the asymptotic complexities are trivial, achieving an optimal number of operations appears to be difficult. Constant factors can be of practical interest for huge data sets. We derive deterministic and randomized upper and lower bounds. Matching bounds and smooth trade-offs between the different operations (reads, comparisons, subtractions) are open questions. For unsorted point sets, the complexity is at least linear. Therefore we also use statistical inference to get approximate solutions in sublinear time.


Extravasation of anthracyclines is a rare complication that can lead to severe tissue necrosis and ulceration. With conservative measures (e.g., limb elevation, cooling), ulceration may develop in 28% of patients. Topical dimethylsulfoxide is commonly suggested as an antidote. However, there are inconsistent and sometimes conflicting animal data on its efficacy and safety. Ovid Medline (1966 to April 2004) was searched using the medical subject headings of 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide' and 'Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials', and limited to English language and human articles. There have been no controlled trials on dimethylsulfoxide comparing its efficacy with cooling alone. Of a total of 147 patients, ulceration was uncommon after anthracycline extravasation when patients were managed with dimethylsulfoxide with or without cooling. Dimethylsulfoxide was well tolerated, with the most common toxicities being early mild reversible burning sensation, blistering, followed later by itch, erythema a...


The cardiac neural crest (cNC) lineage plays key roles in heart development by directly contributing to heart structures and regulating development of other heart lineages. The basic helix–loop–helix factor Hand2 regulates development of cardiovascular structures and NC-derived tissues including those that contribute to face and peripheral nervous system. Although Hand2 is expressed in cNC, its role has not been examined because of an early embryonic lethality when Hand2 is deleted in the NC lineage. We find that the lethality is attributable to loss of norepinephrine synthesis that can be overcome by activating adrenergic receptors. In rescued embryos, loss of Hand2 in the NC lineage leads to the misalignment of the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries. Defects include pulmonary stenosis, interrupted aortic artery, retroesophageal right subclavian artery, and ventricular septum defect, which resemble congenital heart defects attributed to defects in the NC. Hand2 functions in part by regulating signaling from the cNC to other cardiac lineages but not by regulating migration or survival of the cNC. Loss of Hand2 in NC also uncovered a novel role for the cNC in regulating proliferation and differentiation of the second heart field–derived myocardium that persists late into development. These results show that the cNC functions as a major signaling center for heart development and Hand2 plays a pivotal role in regulating both cell-autonomous and -nonautonomous functions of the cNC.


National ornament and the imperial masqueradeReview of:Rebecca Houze, Textiles, Fashion, and Design Reform in Austria-Hungary before the First World War: Principles of Dress, Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015, 384 pp., 79 col. plates, 109 b. & w. illus., £85.00 hdbk ISBN 978-1-4094-3668-3.Nora VeszpremiIn October 1859, the Hungarian magazine Nefelejts issued a plea to Hungarian ladies on behalf of the National Museum. Signed by a certain 'Mr E. S.', the article suggested that ladies contribute to the furnishing of the museum building by fitting it out with fifty-four chairs, each embroidered with the coat of arms of one of the fifty-four counties of Hungary.1 The construction of the building had been finished in 1847, but the turmoils of the 1848-49 Revolution and War of Independence and the ensuing years of absolutism had drawn attention away from the museum. Although its exhibitions were reopened in 1851, the institution was severely underfunded by the imperial government that now half-heartedly maintained it, and the building was far from welcoming in its barely furnished state. Consequently, Mr E. S.'s idea was immediately taken up by a group of aristocratic ladies who quickly managed to enlist women from different counties to support the cause, either by donating money or by contributing their own embroidering skills. The plan was given much encouragement in the press: newspapers and magazines reported on new developments regularly, and eventually expressed deep disappointment when the plan did not come into fruition after all.2Even if unrealised, this plan is a good example of the important role of embroidery and textiles in Austro-Hungarian public life, especially in terms of the participation of women. Unlike an ultimately passive act like a donation of funds (which the aristocratic women who initiated the project could and did engage in), it gave the ladies a chance for creative participation in the creation of a national institution, while also fostering collaboration in a political climate that tended to discourage charities and other congregations of citizens. Furthermore, the project had implications that stretched beyond questions of gender. While many aristocrats still pursued painting as an amateurish pastime, the ladies would most probably never have thought of donating their products in that field to the museum. Fine art was, by the mid-nineteenth-century, seen as something that - at least in its museum-worthy form - required professional skills, while the applied arts3 - and among them, especially, textiles - still provided a space where amateurism and professionalism, popular and 'refined' art, as well as the culture of the home and that of the museum could merge and intersect in fruitful and unexpected ways.This is the territory that Rebecca Houze's book, Textiles, Fashion, and Design Reform in Austria-Hungary before the First World War sets out to explore. In doing so, it cuts through the usual art historical boundaries between different media and draws parallels between embroideries, clothes and paintings, regarding them as products of the same cultural and historical developments. This approach has a special importance in the case of this particular scholarly field. As the author explains in her thorough and well-argued introductory chapter, the art and culture of fin-de-siecle Vienna tends to be reflected in the lens of the traditional, French-centred narrative of modernism as a belated anomaly, not least because of the way it often merged the fine and the applied arts and encouraged ornamental tendencies. Consequently, this field of study requires a conceptual framework that is able to integrate fine art with artistic craft, while putting aside the 'traditional interpretations of modernism' that find 'its form in ever more flattened and abstracted fields of color' (p. 9). Houze achieves this by focusing on problems such as the role that museums, exhibitions, ethnographic studies, and, last but not least, nationalism - or, to be more precise, nationalisms in different parts of the Empire - played in shaping the movement of design reform and constructing new concepts such as that of 'house industry. …


Abstract The two-layer model is used to study how horizontal shear in a baroclinic zonal flow affects the structure of growing baroclinic waves. The solution is simplified by assuming that the radius of deformation is small compared to the planetary scale. The method of solution yields results for waves near neutral stability. For these waves, solutions are found for many different wind profiles. These solutions show: 1) that the waves have a natural meridional scale equal to the radius of deformation, the same as the zonal scale; 2) that the wave perturbation in the lower atmosphere is primarily confined to regions where the vertical shear of the unperturbed zonal flow is greatest; and 3) the horizontal eddy stresses always transport momentum against the horizontal gradient of the zonal flow. Thus, the baroclinic waves tend to increase the intensity of any jets present in the unperturbed zonal flow, no matter what their number or position, and they are accompanied by horizontal shearing and stretching de...


This paper explores the effects of war in Iraq in the period between 1991 and 2003, with a focus on the effect of economic sanctions on mental health services. The authors, Iraqi psychiatrists with direct contact with patients and events during this period, review literature and reports published contemporaneously. They describe how the mental health system in Iraq was deteriorated, not only by war, but also by United Nations imposed sanctions during the period between the first and second Iraq war.


A low-resolution national wind map, which is a prerequisite for setting up the national dissemination target and strategy of wind energy development, has been established by numerical wind simulation using the synoptic wind map, developed at the first stage, as an upper boundary condition. Based on the wind map, Wind Resource Information System has been composed in order to support scientific and systematic wind resource assessment and analysis.


Living organisms are capable of self-reproduction, self-repair, and high adaptability through self-organization. By applying biological materials such as cells and tissues to a robot, the resulting bio-machine hybrid system can perform important biological functions beyond those of traditional robots. In this study, we focused on the mechanobiological properties of a C2C12 cell, which is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. Calcium ion levels increased when the cells were subjected to mechanical stimuli. This type of physiological phenomenon can be applied in novel tactile sensors to develop a bio-machine hybrid system. We verified the tactile sensation characteristics of the cells. We cultured the cells on a thin polydimethylsulfoxane (PDMS) membrane. We applied two types of mechanical stimuli to opposite sides of the PDMS membrane. Next, we observed the cell distributions and quantified the increase in calcium ion levels inside the cells for tactile sensation. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical stimuli caused significant changes in the orientation and local density of cell aggregation. Interestingly, we confirmed that calcium ion increases depend on the history of mechanical stimuli application. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In this study, we performed a bibliographical review examining the scientific literature on "feeding in Anthozoa" for the period from 1890 to 2019, using the scientific database Google Scholar, supplemented with additional literature. This study categorized published scientific papers on this topic by decade of publication, target taxa, variability of species studied in each order and main themes studied. As a result, 153 studies were found, and based on their content, it was observed that within Anthozoa, there has been a concentration of feeding studies on species in the orders Actiniaria (Hexacorallia), Scleractinia (Hexacorallia), and Alcyonacea (Octocorallia). This indicates that the other remaining orders of the group have been comparatively neglected with regards to their feeding aspects. Therefore, as data on feeding in some groups of Anthozoa are scarce, studies need to be carried out to fill the gaps that permeate this important benthic group, in order to better understand their ecology.


The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Profitability, and firm's Size as independent variables on leverage as proxy of Debt to Total Assets ratio (leverage) as dependent variable. A sample of 52 Jordanian Industrial listed companies on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the year ended Dec.31, 2013 was selected. The results of the research show that there is a significant effect of profitability in for of ROA , and size on leverage of industrial companies , on the contrary , ROE has not. Therefore, industrial companies may enhance the profitability of their firms by maximizing the profit, and increasing financial assets compared with total assets. So, the study concludes some recommendations that are beneficial to the stakeholders.


This article provides a corrected and augmented transcription of the earliest extant fragment of the Middle English romance of Sir Isumbras in London, Gray's Inn, MS 20, a fragment that has been badly in need of attention since its first publication — with many silent emendations and scarcely any discussion — in 1918. A fresh study of the language of this fragment and its companion, a fragment of the South English Legendary St Anastasia copied by the same scribe, establishes the scribal dialect as south-west midland, placing this later fourteenth-century manuscript in interesting literary company. A line-by-line assessment of the text's complex relationship to other witnesses sheds new light on the transmission history of this most popular of popular Middle English romances.