Finding a reliable artificial lift pumping system for heavy oil thermal recovery has been a challenge mainly due to the high operating temperatures (>150˚C). Available options such as Rod Pumps and Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP), which are well proven in the industry, are not particularly well suited to thermal production. While Rod Pumps offer high temperature service, they are limited in the flowrate they can deliver. ESPs on the other hand, can handle high volumes of low viscosity fluids, but are still limited in terms of maximum operating temperature. Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP), with elastomeric stator, is economic to run and have done well in heavy oil cold production. These elastomers are however limited in temperature (<150˚C). Through research work conducted by PCM and TOTAL, Metal PCP technology has been developed to meet the high temperature requirement of SAGD and other thermal recovery processes. Three models of the Metal PCP are now available to cover a wide range of flow rates for heavy oil production. This paper presents an update on the Metal PCP development and the results of the world's first SAGD field trial of this type of pump currently on-going in Canada in the Joslyn field. Field performance data are discussed comparing high temperature ESP and metal PCP in actual LP-SAGD conditions. Four SAGD well pairs were initially equipped with high temperature ESP. Another well pair was equipped with metal PCP. This well has been running since mid October 2006 without problems, in spite of low pressure at pump intake, close to steam flashing conditions. Production rate reached 200m 3 /d of liquid at 340rpm, giving a volumetric efficiency of 53%. Intake temperature is 160 o C due to the LP-SAGD condition of the field. However, this pump is rated up to 350 o C. This first field trial shows the metal PCP as a promising artificial lift technology for hot production. Following this encouraging trial, a second metal PCP has been installed with success in the same field and more installations were decided eventually. Thus, all ESP initially installed were replaced by PCP and nine wells are producing with Metal PCPs currently.


Recent advances in molecular genetics of Leishmania parasites prompted us to develop methods of functional genetic complementation in Leishmania and apply them to the isolation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the virulence determinant LPG, an abundant GPI-anchored polysaccharide. LPG1, the gene product identified by complementation of our R2D2 LPG- mutant, may be a glycosyltransferase responsible for the addition of galactofuranose to the nascent chain. As galactofuranose is not found in mammalian cells, inhibition of the addition of this sugar could be exploited for chemotherapy. Overall, the success of the functional complementation approach opens the way to the identification of a variety of genes involved in pathogenesis and parasitism.


Exported waste clothing, emanating from a western context, saturate indigenous African markets but satisfy local clothing needs. This produces a dichotomy in ways in which it is viewed and the necessary actions needed to address the issues of waste within a circular economy. Experiences and outputs from recycling clothing waste in a UK based context are applied to that of a Tanzanian context and methods for re-appropriating this waste back into manufacturing systems are explored. These include ideas for re-exporting remanufactured garments back to their place of discarding and of working cross culturally with local designers and businesses to address indigenous clothing and manufacturing capacities and needs


The results of studies in the field of rigid-rod poly(benzobisazoles) and molecular composites based on them are analysed and generalised. Poly(benzobisazoles) are most promising candidates for high-strength and high-modulus polymeric materials, while the molecular composites based on them can be employed in the synthesis of polymeric materials with a broad spectrum of mechanical properties. The bibliography includes 101 references.


We describe the development and evaluation of the university-wide, weeklong undergraduate research conference at the University of New Hampshire. Despite increases nationally in the number of undergraduate research conferences (URC), there has been little research examining the social and educational impact of these events on student presenters. We describe the development and evaluation of the university-wide, weeklong URC at the University of New Hampshire. A survey administered to URC participants over a four year period revealed that research culminating in a presentation at the URC was one of the more influential events students experienced during their undergraduate years and students realized a high level of satisfaction from presenting at the URC.


INFECTIOUS DISEASEIdentifying microbes that have recently begun to attack human hosts, or so-called emerging pathogens, has been hampered by the fact that many organisms can't be found by the traditional means of identifying a microorganism--culturing it in petri dishes and test tubes. The Unexplained Illness Working Group, created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994, has been leading the campaign to apply genetic techniques to the hunt for these microbes, serving both as an early warning system for dangerous microbes and as a focal point for research on new tests. And this effort comes not a moment too soon: According to surveys carried out over the past few years by the working group and other collaborators, in up to 14% of deaths caused by infection in people between the ages of 1 and 49, no known microbe could be identified as the culprit.


IntroductionResearchers have long suggested that in order for organizations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, organizations should have a product that is clearly distinguishable from their competitors. Scholars suggest this level of differentiation is achieved by having a unique brand (e.g., Kotier & Armstrong, 1996). While brands are generally examined in terms of products of services, there's also an element of the relationship with the consumer (de Chematony & DalTOlmo-Riley, 1998). Philip Morris understands the importance of brands and as such purchased the Kraft brand for $12.9 billion with the idea that consumer marketing belongs to those companies with the strongest brand (Bahadir, Bharadwaj & Srivastava, 2008). Although creating and fostering a brand may be a consuming task, having a strong brand generates higher return on investment (Aaker, 2012). Branding is a key component in today's economy as is asserted by Semans (2004):Brand death is costly and avoidable. The decision to kill a brand is the decision to throw away a corporate asset, similar to jettisoning real estate or other capital assets. Management can and should manage their brands as the valuable corporate assets they are. If the brand has any remaining equity at all, the cost of brand improvement is far less than the cost of creating a new brand, (p. 32)Amoult (2008) reinforces this importance by stating, "branding has never been more important ... In our profession, if you don't know where you stand, you don't know what you need to do to improve" (p. 34). It is well documented that effective brand strategies may yield benefits such as enhanced image and product value as well as increased product consumption (Cooper & Pierce, 2011). Seemingly, many organizations realize this, as effective brands have the ability to connect consumers to products (Amoult, 2008), including teams and organizations (Boyle & Magnusson, 2007). As such, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has also invested time and effort in establishing a strong brand strategy for the entire association. In fact, the NCAA lists the need to "protect and enhance a consistent brand image" among its key principles in terms of advertising and promotion (National Collegiate Athletic Association-a [NCAA], 2013, para. 6). For instance, the NCAA produced a very recognizable set of service announcements to reinforce its brand using the familiar tag-line that "there are over 400,000 NCAA student-athletes, and most of us will go pro in something other than sports." (Pickle, 2010, para. 14). Although the NCAA is employing a single branding message for the entire association and complementary messages in Division II and III, there is a dearth of information regarding the effectiveness of these campaigns. Therefore, this study aims to provide insight regarding the brand identity campaigns used at the divisional level of the NCAA. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to explore and better understand the needs and impacts of brand identity campaigns within the different divisions of the NCAA. Such a study is valuable as it will yield practical, literature- based and theoretical applications. This study will allow for further development of brand equity campaigns for the association and for each representative division. It may assist athletic administrators of the NCAA in their quest to create a stronger brand identity; additionally, it may provide conclusions about the current stage of the NCAA interdivisional brands. Also, it will explore brand equity and the factor constructs as defined by Aaker (1996) as well as the associated theories, thereby contributing to both the marketing literature and related theoretical works.Review of LiteratureNational Collegiate Athletic AssociationNCAA President Mark Emmert recently quoted the mission of the association as being "an integral part of higher education and to focus on the development of our student-athletes" (NCAA, 2013, para. …


In contemporary life, the mobile phone is integral to digital and material placemaking practices. In this article, drawing on ethnographic analysis conducted in Perth and Melbourne (Australia) in the first months of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, we explore how this relation has been recalibrated as an effect of 'stay-at-home' restrictions. We first provide a brief overview of our methodological and interpretative approach – drawing from postphenomenology as a useful framework for understanding the mobile–body–place relation and digital placemaking at home. Second, we consider how mobile media are 'situated' in the domestic environment. Third, through an analysis of participant narratives, we explore the concept of net locality (Gordon and de Souza e Silva (2011) through the lens of embodiment theory and suggest that the Covid-19 context has altered our experience of 'networked corporeality'. Finally, we discuss the ambiguity of digital intimacy in the decoupling of mobile media and the body as a result of a rapid increase in both screen time and time spent at home. Throughout the article, we argue that mobile media use in the home is thoroughly enmeshed in the shifting boundaries of privacy, placemaking and domestic space. We question how the placemaking functionality of mobile media, the intimate body–technology relation specific to mobile media practices and 'being-at-home' were subsequently modified by physical distancing and isolation.


Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common presentation with significant associated morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of which continues to rise with the ever-increasing aging population. Initial evaluation includes an esophagoduodeonscopy and/or colonoscopy, which may fail to reveal a source. Such cases prove to be a dilemma and require collaboration between gastroenterology and radiology in deciding the most appropriate approach. Recently, there have been a number of radiologic advances in the approach to GIB. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence-based update on the most current radiologic modalities available and an algorithmic approach to GIB.


Traditional socialization theories suggest that parents shape their children, and parents' socialization strategies are decided upon largely independent of the children. These ideas, however, have received criticism. In this dissertation, I focus on how children and adolescents influence their parents' behaviors. Specifically, I examine parents' reactions to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In the three studies, I presented theoretical models that offered explanations why parents react as they do to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In these models, parents' cognitions worked as mechanisms to explain their subsequent reactions. The overall pattern in the studies was that parents tended to shift in cognitions about their own role as parents and their adolescents' behaviors when they were faced with problematic behaviors, which influenced their behaviors toward their adolescents. In Study I, parents became less strictly opposed to adolescent drinking when they encountered their adolescents intoxicated. This reaction was explained by a reduction in dissonance between their attitudes to adolescent drinking and their knowledge of their own adolescents' drinking. In Study II and Study III, parents of adolescents with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems (HIA) reported that their adolescents did not respond to their attempts to correct their behaviors. This cognition made them feel powerless and, as a consequence, they increased in negative behaviors and decreased in positive parenting strategies. In these two studies, parents decreased in their thoughts of being able to deal with their adolescents' misbehaviors. In addition, as was shown in the third study, these cognitions seem to be influenced by parents' earlier experiences with their first-born children. In sum, the results of this dissertation suggest that adolescents influence their parents' cognitions and behaviors. Further, the results highlight the importance of focusing on how parents' ways of thinking influence their parenting strategies.


Theses reviewed in this issue include "Downregulation of the Apelinergic Axis Accelerates Aging, Whereas Its Systemic Restoration Improves the Mammalian Healthspan", "Intracellular Delivery of Exogenous Molecules Via an Ultrahigh Throughput Mechanoporation Microdevice", "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Drivers of Treg Fragility in the Tumor Microenvironment", "Lipid Nanoparticles Based Nanomedicine and Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis", "Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials for Drug Delivery to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy and Chronic Wound Healing", and "Zebrafish Extracellular Matrix as a Therapeutic Agent for Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System Regeneration".


Individuals with lower limb paresis or paralysis have traditionally had limited orthotic options to provide knee stability during walking. Recent developments have made available new "stance control" orthoses that provide stability in stance while allowing free knee motion during swing phase. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals with lower limb weakness walk more efficiently when using the Stance Control Orthotic Knee Joint (SCOKJ®) than when using a conventional knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) with the knee locked in extension. Data were collected on three male subjects with significant weakness in at least one lower limb. All subjects could walk independently, without walking aids, in the home and for short distances in the community. All three subjects exhibited increased speed and cadence, increased stride and step lengths, and fewer compensatory movements at the hip, pelvis, and trunk when walking with the SCOKJ®. Two subjects completed an obstacle course more quickly with the SCOKJ®. During 5 minutes of treadmill walking (comfortable speed), two subjects exhibited a lower heart rate response when wearing the SCOKJ®, suggesting lower energy requirements for walking with the SCOKJ®. In summary, the subjects used a more symmetric, more aesthetic walking pattern, maneuvered over and around obstacles more easily, and seemed to walk more efficiently when wearing the SCOKJ® than when wearing a KAFO with the knee locked in extension.


SUMMARY 1. We used observational and experimental field studies together with an individual-based simulation model to demonstrate that behaviours of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) were broadly consistent with the expectations of Giving-Up Density theory and an Ideal Pre-emptive Distribution habitat selection model. 2. Specifically we found that: (i) adult mottled sculpin established territories within patches characterised by significantly higher prey densities and prey renewal rates than patches occupied by juveniles or randomly selected patches; (ii) patches abandoned by adult sculpin possessed significantly lower prey densities than newly occupied patches, although this was not true for juveniles; (iii) the observed giving-up density (GUD) for adult sculpin (i.e. average prey density in patches recently abandoned) increased linearly with increasing fish size up to the average prey density measured in randomly selected patches (i.e. 350 prey items per 0.1 m 2 ) and decreased with increasing sculpin density and (iv) juveniles rapidly shifted their distribution towards the highest quality patches following removal of competitively dominant adult sculpin. 3. These results provide the first evidence of the applicability of GUD theory to a streamdwelling organism, and they elucidate the underlying factors influencing juvenile and adult sculpin habitat selection and movement behaviours. Furthermore, optimal patch use, ideal pre-emptive habitat selection and juvenile 'floating' provide behavioural mechanisms linking environmental heterogeneity in the stream benthos to density-dependent regulation of mottled sculpin populations in this system.


Abstract:Stemming from her research into the mechanisms of the musical (2013), Liz Kinoshita has been using her love for American musicals from the thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties, and her study in the musicality of contemporary dance, as a departure point for several evening-length performances she has been touring mostly in Europe and North America. She was born in Toronto, Canada, and has been based in Brussels, Belgium, for the past fifteen years. Her intertwining of North American tools and European aesthetics is indicative of her professional and personal trajectory and history. She relays how important she feels a thorough practice of performance is, how she has been able to learn and improve through touring possibilities, and how it has informed her work to date. With a concern for sustainability in the artistic field, Liz Kinoshita examines her own mobility and choreographic practice, and its ability to stay relevant, necessary, experiential, and energizing.


Copolyamides, based on 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid and different ratios of 1,2-ethylenediamine and piperazine, i.e., PA2,14-co-pip,14 as well as the homopolymers PA2,14 and PApip,14 are studied. Incorporation of the piperazine component in the homopolymer PA2,14 reduces the number of hydrogen bonds. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of hydrogen bonding on the origin of the Brill transition and chain mobility within polymer crystals. Time-resolved conformational, structural, and morphological changes during heating are followed by FTIR spectroscopy, WAXD, and SAXS. The findings are that from 0 to 62 mol % of piperazine the Brill transition occurs in the same temperature region. The transformation is triggered by the conformational changes in the methylene sequences of the main chain, followed by twisting in the methylene sequences next to the amide group. This results in enhanced chain mobility along the c-axis, causing lamellar thickening. For 80 mol % of piperazine and hi...


A new method for the optimal design of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is presented. The method utilizes the neural network and finite element method for optimizing the design parameters of SLIM. The finite element analysis is used to produce a variety of neural network training data and the neural network is used for optimizing the design parameters by sequential unconstrained minimization technique. As a result, it is shown that the novel method is very efficient and accurate as an optimization technique.


1. In rabbits, the onset of fever produced by cocaine, beta-tetrahydronaphthylamine, and hay infusion is accompanied by corresponding increases in serum osmotic pressure. This tends to retard the loss of surface water. 2. The temperature decreases sometimes seen after giving pyretic agents are associated not with increased, but often with decreased osmotic pressure. 3. Serum specific gravity increase is seen with the onset of marked febrile reactions, but is often missing with the lesser rises. This indicates that the blood volume factor is of less importance than surface evaporation. 4. The osmotic pressure increases are far greater than can be accounted for by the blood sugar increases. In the case of cocaine, they are of the same order as the lactic acid increase. In the case of beta-tetra, perhaps fifty per cent larger. 5. While lactic acid per se seems unable to raise the serum osmotic pressure, the amount of increased muscular activity would seem to be a parallel factor. Thus muscular activity is concerned both with the increased heat production, and the decreased heat elimination, which together account for the onset of fever.


Decision making in the field of policy making is a complex task. On the one hand conflicting objectives influence the availability of alternative solutions for a given problem. On the other hand economic, social, and environmental impacts of the chosen solution have to be considered. In the political context, these solutions are called policy options. To tackle societal problems a thorough analysis of policy options needs to be executed before a policy can be put into practice. Computational simulation is a method considered for measuring the impacts of policy options. However, due to their complexity, the underlying models and their output may be difficult to access by decision makers. In this work, we present a visual-interactive interface for an agent-based simulation model that enables decision makers to evaluate the impacts of alternative policy options in the field of regional energy planning. The decision maker can specify different subsidy strategies for supporting public photovoltaic installations as input and evaluate their impact on the actual adoption via the simulation output. We show the usability and usefulness of the visual interface in a real-world example evolved from the European research project ePolicy.


The International Space Station (ISS) relies heavily on extravehicular activity (EVA) for assembly and maintenance. The ISS EVA system provides the translation aids, tools, and support hardware to allow the crew to assemble and maintain the U.S. portion of the ISS. The EVA hardware supports the three primary phases of an EVA: translation of crew and hardware to the worksite; worksite setup and restraint; and conducting the actual EVA task. The primary hardware items and the uses of the hardware are described. In addition, a brief overview of the Russian ISS EVA capability is provided along with plans for interoperability between U.S. and Russian EVA.


The first extensive longitudinal electroencephalographic sleep investigation of a patient with a 48-hour "manic-depressive cycle" is reported. On nights preceding "depressed" days, the patient's sleep showed significantly more early morning awakening and less REM activity compared to nights preceding "hypomanic" days. Changes in REM activity throughout the night coincided with alterations in mood occurring throughout the night. Despite the inverse correlation of REM activity to depressed mood, a brief REM deprivation protocol failed to alter the periodicity of the mood cycles. Since depressed mood can be related to particular sleep alterations, it appears that the all night sleep pattern should be viewed as a dynamic process reflecting mood changes throughout the night.


The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of the Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU). The author views the components of the success formula of the University as a flagship University of the Volgograd region, and dwells on the historical facts of the creation of the Stalingrad tractor-building Institute at the beginning of the country's industrialization and its development to a flagship University, which is a modern multi-campus University with a promising educational, scientific and industrial infrastructure. The article also presents the scientific schools of well-known scientists of the University that carry out fundamental and applied scientific research as well as the international activities of the University, including international cooperation in research, creation and modernization of educational programs, and export of educational services. In its multi-faceted activities, the flagship University focuses on solving urgent problems of socio-economic development of the region. The hybrid model of the flagship University is focused mainly on two typical models: «multi-disciplinary regional University» and «technology leader in the region». The article considers a number of systemic and structural transformations of the University in the framework of a hybrid model: an effective management system for supporting innovation, including socio-psychological attitudes and infrastructure changes; the development of additional education and the creation of conditions for business development.


Partial root zone drying is a reduced irrigation technology to save water. The objective of this research was on measurement of hitherto unreported values of root water potential along with of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under reduced irrigation. Four irrigation treatments were applied: treatment 1, daily full irrigation as control, where both sides of the root system were well watered; treatment 2, daily irrigation on one side of the root system with half the volume of water given to daily full irrigation; treatment 3, full irrigation every other day of both sides of the root system (deficit irrigation); and treatment 4, irrigation on one side of the root system every other day with half the volume of water given to daily full irrigation. Root water potential was the same for both sides of root system in the treatments 2 and 4. Leaf water potential of treatment 2 was the same as that of treatment 1. Partial stomatal closure and lower transpiration and photosynthetic rates were observed in treatment 2 plants compared of treatment 1. Dry mass of fruit was higher in treatments 1 and 2, than in 3 and 4 treatments. It is concluded that any alteration in the physiological parameters of treatment 2 could have resulted from root signals because leaf water potential was the same in the treatments 1 and 2.


Abstract Objective: To assess speech perception in children, speech audiometric sentence tests are generally better suited than single word tests because of their steeper discrimination function and thus higher sensitivity. A disadvantage of older German single word speech audiometric tests for children is their inapplicability in quiet and in noise. Moreover, their discrimination functions are shallower than those of optimized sentence tests, particularly in noise. The Oldenburg sentence test for children (Oldenburger Kinder-Satztest; OlKiSa) has already been shown to test reliably the speech perception in noise in normal-hearing children. Testing hearing-impaired children in noise, however, may be difficult. Therefore, quality criteria and norms for testing in quiet are also needed. Study sample: The OlKiSa in quiet was validated with 224 normal-hearing children between ages 4 to 10 years. Results: The discrimination functions are steeper (6.4 to 10.7 %/dB) than those of the commonly used German single word tests. Age-specific standards for 50% speech perception in quiet (speech reception threshold, SRT) are provided. Conclusions: The OlKiSa is a valid audiometric test to quantify speech perception in quiet in children from age 4.


Adhesive pads of geckos contain many thousands of nanoscale spatulae for the adhesion and movement along vertical or inverted surfaces. Setae are composed of interlaced corneous bundles made of small cysteine‐glycine‐rich corneous beta proteins (CBPs, formerly indicated as beta‐keratins), embedded in a matrix material composed of cytoskeletal proteins and lipids. Negatively charged intermediate filament keratins (IFKs) and positively charged CBPs likely interact within setae, aside disulphide bonds, giving rise to a flexible and resistant corneous material. Using differernt antibodies against CBPs and IFKs an updated model of the composition of setae and spatulae is presented. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold labeling reveal that one type of neutral serine‐tyrosine‐rich CBP is weakly localized in the setae while it is absent from the spatula. This uncharged protein is mainly present in the thin Oberhautchen layer sustaining the setae, although with a much lower intensity with respect to the cysteine‐rich CBPs. These proteins in the spatula likely originate a positively charged or neutral contact surface with the substrate but the influence of lipids and cytoskeletal proteins present in setae on the mechanism of adhesion is not known. In the spatula, protein‐lipid complexes may impart the pliability for the attachment and adapt to irregular surfaces. The presence of cysteine‐glycine medium rich CBPs and softer IFKs in alpha‐layers sustaining the setae forms a flexible base for compliance of the setae to substrate and improved adhesion.


Anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions to drugs used during general anaesthesia are potentially life threatening. It is important that they be differentiated from other types of cardio-respiratory collapse. At present a detailed history of the time sequence of events in relation to drug administration is of a greatest importance. Retrospective skin testing may then indicate which agent was involved, although false positives and false negatives may occur. Forty-nine patients who presented with a history of collapse during anaesthesia over a five year period were skin tested. Positive results were obtained in 22, ten gave inconclusive test results but a strongly suggestive history. The remainder were considered to have other causes for their clinical presentation. The incidence of severe reactions confirmed by history and by skin testing in this community is approximately 1:4000.


The launching of space vehicles has given rise to a broadened interest in the problems of celestial mechanics, and the availability of computers has made practical the solution of some of the more numerically unwieldy of the problems. These circumstances only further enhance the importance of the appearance of "Celestial Mechanics, " to be published in five volumes. This treatise is by far the most extensive of its kind and it rigorously develops the full mathematical theory. The emphasis is on the results obtained during the past hundred years, although the classical mechanics from the time of Laplace is also reviewed.The author writes that "The trend of celestial mechanics at this stage of machine computers should be directed toward studying the general behavior of trajectories on rigorous mathematical foundations, so as to check the results of numerical computation, and at the same time toward estimating the errors involved in using nonconvergent series expansions within the accuracy to be expected from the limited observation time. Thus the science of celestial mechanics is now confronting a new revolutionary era by abruptly moving from reliance on the old weapon of series expansions toward rigorous mathematical discussion of the physical behavior of the trajectories for an unlimited time. The artificial satellites and planets are offering us the more difficult and more general problems of studying motions widely different from those of natural objects hitherto discussed in celestial mechanics. This new aspect completely surpasses the apparent elegance of the old-fashioned celestial mechanics, and its importance cannot be over-emphasized."This first volume is divided into six chapters. The first develops the principles of analytical dynamics. From the variational principle of Hamilton, and using the calculus of variations, Hamilton's canonical form of the differential equations is deduced. As an introduction to the topological study of dynamical trajectories, Riemannian geometry is described as it pertains to the quadratic form of kinetic energy. The second chapter deals with quasi-periodic motions. The third is devoted to particular solutions of the three-body and many-body problems. Euler's and Lagrange's types of particular solutions are obtained for the "n"-body problem in a general manner, and the nature of the motion is fully analyzed. The isosceles-triangular solution is discussed on the basis of the theory of analytic functions. The fourth chapter takes up Lie's theory of continuous groups of transformations, with application to the "n"-body problem. A summary of the modern theory of Lie groups is given with a view to suggesting a new trend of development. In Chapter 5, the differential equations of the "n"-body problem are reduced by using the known integrals. The last chapter concerns Burns's and Poincare's theorems.This work was prepared editorially at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.


Background: Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a condition in which a person's movement ability is impaired due to locomotive disorders. It is presumed that pains in the load-bearing joint are involved in the decline in mobility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between LS and the number of load-bearing joint pains in Japanese cohort.Methods: We surveyed 507 participants in the 8th-11th evaluations of the Miyagawa study. LS was defined as ≥ 16 points on the GLFS-25 questionnaire. The site of the painful joint was interviewed. The ratio of complications of multiple load-bearing joint pain was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between LS and load-bearing joint pains.Results: The LS group (21.9%) had a 5.36 odds ratio [OR] for 2 pain sites and 8.96 OR for more than 3 pain sites, which was statistically significant compared to the no-LS group. 87.0% of participants with hip pain also had other load-bearing joint pain.Conclusions: People with hip pain tend to have other load-bearing joint pain. Since pain in 2 or more load-bearing joints is significantly associated with LS, early treatment of load-bearing joint pain and to suppress the number of load-bearing joint pain might be useful in preventing LS.


To the Editor. —Dr Des Jarlais and colleagues 1 have concluded that as a result of establishing HIV prevention measures (needle exchange, outreach) for drug users, some cities have escaped from epidemic levels of HIV in IDUs and that simply the continued existence of such facilities will avert a future epidemic. Their conclusion is based on the observation that those cities with established HIV prevention measures currently have low HIV rates in the IDU population. The authors, how ever, assume rather than test any relationship between establishing HIV prevention measures and low-risk behavior in the associated drug-using community. In effect, their report has failed to include important performance indicators and outcome measures of health care provision to IDU populations by concentrating on the HIV infection incidence alone; a more relevant and predictive indicator would be to measure sharing risk. Health policy in England has recognized this and has set targets


The author summarizes the etiopathogenesis of human breast cancer, emphasizing the immunological factors involved and the possible participation of viruses.


"A 'must-read' for all the architects of American policy... and all Americans who will have to deal with the consequences of their policies."--Ted Koppel, Nightline From renowned international business expert Marvin Zonis: a penetrating analysis that cuts through the fog of polemic and misperception surrounding globalization and returns our attention to the issues that should really matter to everyone concerned about international business, economics, and politics. "Globalization is perhaps the defining international business and political story of the past two decades, so big, in fact, that many other stories were overlooked: why some countries succeed in achieving stability; why others fail; and why it matters. An ironic side-effect of globalization is that these relatively small, local -stories-the budget policies of Argentina, the corruption of Indonesia, the stability of Saudi Arabia, among many, many others-matter more than ever before. They are played out in distant countries, but with the click of a mouse or the boarding of a plane their effects are transmitted around the globe.For the uninitiated, kimchi is the unofficial Korean national dish: unassuming cabbage soaked in chilis, -garlic, and ginger until pungent, fiery, and blood-red in color. To be sure, kimchi has its charms; but for today, at least, it remains a very local dish. Today, almost everyone eats Big Macs (one hundred twenty-one countries at last count), which is unprecedented, amazing, revolutionary: in short, the "big story" of globalization. But one lesson of September 11 is that the small stories, of national politics, regional economics, and local struggles, cannot be overlooked. Everyone eats Big Macs; but the kimchi matters.This is a book about the kimchi."-From the Introduction In The Kimchi Matters, Zonis provides a useful antidote to other works that have done little more than simply explain the phenomenon of globalization and the processes that make the world more interconnected-trade, travel, technology, etc. Zonis demonstrates that nothing good will come of globalization and global business without sufficient attention paid to the unique situations in different countries."


This work analyzes the loss of storage, in a medium-term basis, of Beninar reservoir (Almeria, Spain) built in a semiarid watershed and its consequences downstream. The reservoir, in the Adra river basin (Southern Spain), was designed to supply water for the irrigation of more than 28.000 hectares of greenhouses. Its storage volume, that was initially of 68 hm 3 in 1984, has been reduced approximately to half. The total sediment volume arrived to the reservoir during the last 32 years is 6,8 hm 3 , of which 1,68 hm 3 are estimated to come from fluvial contributions. The results remark the torrential nature of rainfall events for generating large sediment contributions and highlights the importance of taking into account these types of events. The total loss of storage is especially relevant from two points of view 1) reduction of flood abatement due to sedimentation and structural problems of dam, which has left only 2 hm 3 of regulation capacity and 2) loss of water volume which is essential to improve the water quality of the overexploited and salinized aquifers which supply the greenhouses downstream. Beninar reservoir is a key infrastructure to preserve a competitive price of water for greenhouse cultivation.


OBJECTIVE
Increased obstetrical complications have been reported in individuals with adult-onset schizophrenia, with several studies finding an association between such complications and an earlier age at onset. Consequently, obstetrical records were examined for individuals with childhood-onset schizophrenia to determine if birth complications were more prevalent.

METHOD
The birth records of 36 patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and 35 sibling comparison subjects were rated for birth complications by two psychiatrists who were unaware of group membership.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the groups in rates of obstetrical complications. Patients with such complications did not have a relatively earlier age at onset of schizophrenia.

CONCLUSIONS
A very early age at onset of schizophrenia is probably not due to birth complications.


OBJeCtIve: Recently, despite the developments in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, herbal product use in patients with chronic diseases has become more frequent. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of herbal medicine use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), used products, source of information, whether they were giving information to their clinicians about this subject and cost of used products. mAterIAl and methOdS: The investigation has been performed with 100 CKD patients. A questionnaire form has been used in collecting data about the patients. reSUltS: The herbal use rate in our study was 37%. The most used herbal products were ready products and stinging nettle. There was no relation between herbal product use and age, gender, educatin level, marital status (p>0.05). 87% of the patients indicated that monthly cost of the product was lower than 50 Turkish Liras. 78.4% of the patients defined that they didn't give information to their clinicians about the herbal product they used. COnClUSIOn: A significant part of the patients with CKD use herbal products and do not give information to the clinicians about this subject. The physicians following the patients with CKD should examine the use of herbal products.


In order to establish method of screening for colorectal cancer, we studied clinicopathological features in 116 cases of adenoma, precancerous lesion, and in 80 cases of early colorectal cancer. The incidence of early cancer began to rise at the age of more than 40, reaching a peak in the sixth decade. The risk for men was higher than for women. In relation to the location of these lesions, 71% of the adenoma and 91% of the early cancer were in the left colon and rectum. As symptoms on admission, overt bleeding from the rectum appeared in 35% of the adenoma and in 56% of the early cancer patients, respectively. Therefore, we emphasize that it is extremely important to examine overt and occult bleeding as the first screening for colorectal cancer.


One of the learning objectives of general education science courses at my university is for students to learn how to "evaluate the credibility, use, and misuse of scientific information in scientific developments and public-policy issues" Qames Madison University, 2012). While peer review is the gatekeeper in place to help ensure creditability of scientific research, not all sources of publicly available scientific information are peer-reviewed. And as you may have observed, students often take the easy road when conducting literature research for a term paper - short on peer-reviewed literature and long on sources that ranked high on Google searches, regardless of their credibility. There are several classic real world examples that we, as science teachers, can use to help our students learn how to evaluate the credibility of scientific information and the sources of that information - from the historical record of false health claims made by the tobacco industry, to the flawed argument for equal time in science classrooms for teaching intelligent design as an alternative "scientific" perspective to evolution. Well, thanks to the deliberately misleading efforts of the Cato Institute (a political think tank, not a scientific institute), we now have another example to draw from, this time from a science field that is near and dear to my heart: climate science.The U.S. general public's understanding of climate change is distinctly different from that of climate scientists, and from much of the rest of the world. For example, just over 50% of the 1,014 respondents to a 2010 Gallup poll agreed with the statement that the effects of global warming have already begun or will begin within a few years. A similar proportion of the respondents agreed with the statement that the increase in Earth's temperature over the last century is due more to human activities than to natural causes (Newport, 2010). In contrast, 97% of 1,395 climate scientists surveyed endorsed similar statements (Anderegg et al, 2010, in Weber and Stern, 2011). Furthermore, the proportion of people in the U.S. that think climate change is a very serious problem is about half of that of the global average (31% vs. 59% respectively; World Bank, 2009).Psychologists Weber and Stern (2011) point out that the reasons for these disconnects stem from both the inherently complex nature of climate science and from the contrasting ways by which scientists vs. nonscientists develop their understanding about climate, with nonscientists relying heavily on personal experience, values, and mass media for their information. Unethical lobbying groups who have particular political or business interests can take advantage of this, and work to perpetuate the disconnect between scientific and public understandings. The Cato Institute is doing just that.What exactly did the Cato Institute do? They produced a deceptive report titled Addendum: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States (Cato Institute, 2012). It is deceptive in presentation and content. The chosen title and layout (e.g., cover design, key message sections) make it look as if it is a follow-up to the U.S. Global Change Research Program's (USGCRP; Karl et al., 2009) peer-reviewed study, Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, which it most definitely is not. The USGCRP coordinates and integrates federal scientific research on global environmental and climate change and the implications for society; it is a legitimate, credible source of scientific information. …


The review is devoted to new redox catalysts of the homolytic reduction of trichloromethyl compounds to dichloromethyl compounds — mononuclear and dinuclear metal carbonyls [Fe(CO)5, Ni(CO)4, M(CO)6 (M = Mo, Cr, W), Mn2(CO)10] in combination with hydrogen donors (secondary alcohols, silicon hydrides, mercaptans, tertiary amines, amides, and tetrahydrofuran). The results obtained hitherto concerning the development of a new radical-chain method for the reduction of a wide variety of trichloromethyl compounds to the dichloromethyl derivatives are surveyed. The bibliography includes 78 references.


The lattice fragmentation and the recombination models of molecular-ion formation during sputtering are tested on oxygenated Nb and V surfaces. Submonolayers of Li atoms are used as probes to interact with the particles emitted under ultrahigh vacuum, low-energy bombardment (500 eV), static-mode sputtering conditions. Only the emission of positive Nb oxide ions from low-oxygen-coverage surfaces show consistency with the recombination model, similar to the recently reported Ti oxide ion results. The emission of positive V oxide ions and metallic dimers V/sub 2//sup ts+/ and Nb/sub 2//sup ts+/ deviate from the recombination model. All the negative-ion species show strong evidence of exclusive formation by fragmentation. An analysis of the energetics involved in the recombination processes suggests that negative molecular ions formed from nonadjacent atoms tend to be neutralized by electron detachment, leaving the fragmentation of the surface lattice the most probably way to produce stable negative molecular ions.


Industrial processes currently contribute 40% to global CO 2 emissions and therefore substantial increases in industrial energy efficiency are required for reaching the 2 °C target. We assess the macroeconomic effects of deploying low carbon technologies in six energy intensive industrial sectors (Petroleum, Iron and Steel, Non-metallic Minerals, Paper and Pulp, Chemicals, and Electricity) in Europe, China and India in 2030. By combining the GAINS technology model with a macroeconomic computable general equilibrium model, we find that output in energy intensive industries declines in Europe by 6% in total, while output increases in China by 11% and in India by 13%. The opposite output effects emerge because low carbon technologies lead to cost savings in China and India but not in Europe. Consequently, the competitiveness of energy intensive industries is improved in China and India relative to Europe, leading to higher exports to Europe. In all regions, the decarbonization of electricity plays the dominant role for mitigation. We find a rebound effect in China and India, in the size of 42% and 34% CO 2 reduction, respectively, but not in Europe. Our results indicate that the range of considered low-carbon technology options is not competitive in the European industrial sectors. To foster breakthrough low carbon technologies and maintain industrial competitiveness, targeted technology policy is therefore needed to supplement carbon pricing.


Silica nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been incorporated into an anhydride-cured epoxy-resin to form 'hybrid' nanocomposites. A good dispersion of the silica nanoparticles was found to occur, even at relatively high concentrations of the nanoparticles. However, in contrast, the MWCNTs were not so well dispersed but relatively agglomerated. The glass transition temperature of the epoxy polymer was 145°C, and was not significantly affected by the addition of the silica nanoparticles or the MWCNTs. The Young's modulus was increased by the addition of the silica nanoparticles, but the addition of up to 0.18 wt% MWCNTs had no further significant effect. The addition of both MWCNTs and silica nanoparticles led to a significant improvement in the fracture toughness of these polymeric nanocomposites. For example, the fracture toughness was increased from 0.69 MPam 1/2 for the unmodified epoxy polymer to 1.03 MPam 1/2 for the hybrid nanocomposite containing both 0.18 wt% MWCNTs and 6.0 wt% silica nanoparticles; and the fracture energy was also increased from 133 J/m 2 to 204 J/m 2 . The mechanisms responsible for the enhancements in the measured toughness were identified by observing the fracture surfaces using field-emission gun scanning-electron microscopy.


In this study we compare the use of kinetic and equilibrium reaction models in the simulation of gas (methane) hydrates in porous media. Our objective is to evaluate through numerical simulation the importance of employing kinetic versus equilibrium reaction models for predicting the response of hydrate-bearing systems to external stimuli, such as changes in pressure and temperature. Specifically, we (1) analyze and compare the responses simulated using both reaction models for production in various geological settings and for the case of depressurization in a core during extraction; and (2) examine the sensitivity to factors such as initial hydrate saturation, hydrate reaction surface area, and numerical discretization. We find that for systems undergoing thermal stimulation and depressurization, the calculated responses for both reaction models are remarkably similar, though some differences are observed at early times. Given these observations, and since the computational demands for the kinetic reaction model far exceed those for the equilibrium reaction model, the use of the equilibrium reaction model often appears to be justified and preferred for simulating the behavior of gas hydrates.


Investigating the properly fired enameled steel by the metallurgical microscope, K. Kautz (J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1936, 19, 93.) found the gray crystals at the iron-enamel interface. However, mineral structure of these crystals has not been studied. In the thin section for the mineralogical microscope the above crystals which distribute on the irregular surface of corroded iron will not be able to observe. The projecting part of the irregular iron surface will disturb the observation.By accelerating the speed of crystal growth under a certain condition, the auther ohtained the lrrge crystal whose size is about 100 Times of those found in commercial enameled steel. In contrarily to the former opinions, it became clear that the above mentioned crystals are transparent, yellowish brown iron silicates. The auther studied the structure and the condition of crystallisation of this silicate. The effect of the presence of this crystal on the strength of the adherence between the enamel layer and iron base was discussed.


Neurotransmitters are the body's chemical transmitters. Their task is to send nerve cell messages to target cells. The target cells might be found in muscles, glands and other nerves. In order to control many of the processes needed for the brain, it needs neurotransmitters including: heart rate, respiration, circadian rhythms, digestion. The nervous system regulates the organs, psychological and physical operations of the individual. The neurotransmitters of nerve cells, also known as neurons, have a substantial function. The cells of the nerves fire impulses. This is done by the release of neurotransmitters, chemical substances that relay signals to other cells. Each neurotransmitter binds to another receptor — for instance, dopamine molecules attach to the receptors of dopamine. This initiates action in the target cells when they are coupled. The body eliminates or recycles them after neurotransmitters send their messages.


As climate changes, regional responses may become more apparent; impacts often can become natural hazards, adversely affecting millions of people, on all continents and most nations. The coupling of hazards to climate change scenarios is a great challenge of climate change science. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to observe, simulate and ultimately understand this coupling, for the benefit of society and sustainability of the Earth's environment. Different applied mathematical techniques have been used to discern real effects of these changes and study long term trends. Moreover, those techniques can be applied in addressing the intensity and frequency of extreme events associated with climate change at regional scales and would be an important step in facing future extreme events associated with climate change. Computational methods include applying statistical data analysis, mesoscale and climate simulations while assisting modeling efforts with satellite based observations. Predictive analytics platforms would be very useful for assessing impacts of climate variability and change on the frequency and intensity of extreme events and how these extreme events can affect water and air quality issues globally. These tools are an innovative technology that applies data mining methods, predictive models, analysis and reporting to data, without the inherent limitations of current On Line Analytical Processing tools that suffer from cube rigidity, database explosion and dimensional constriction. Climate‐induced changes are complex and vary across a wide range of dimensions. An important part of predictive analytics platforms are their unlimited dimensionality and the segmentation of data by 'physical' or 'performance' characteristics. For example, a physical dimension might be the climate divisions in the state of California. A performance dimension could be the arithmetical, mathematical, or statistical segmentation of data based on its performance with regard to time. WIREs Comput Stat 2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1213


Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which are defined as estrogen-receptor, progesterone-receptor, and HER2-receptor negative, account for 10-20% of breast cancers, and they are associated with early metastasis, chemotherapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates. One aspect of TNBC that complicates its prognosis and the development of new molecular therapeutic targets is its clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Herein we compare TNBC and basal cytokeratin-positive breast cancers. We examine the different TNBC molecular subtypes, based on gene expression profiling, which include basal-like, mesenchymal, and luminal androgen receptors, in the context of their biology and impact on TNBC prognosis. We explore the potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in TNBC tumor biology and treatment responses. iNOS has been shown to induce p53 mutation accumulation, basal-like gene signature enrichment, and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via S-nitrosylation, all of which are key components of TNBC biology. Moreover, iNOS predicts poor outcome in TNBC, and iNOS inhibitors show efficacy against TNBC when used in combination with chemotherapy. We discuss molecular targeted approaches, including EGFR, PARP, and VEGF inhibitors and immunotherapeutics, that are under consideration for the treatment of TNBC and what role, if any, iNOS may play in their success.


Autoimmunity is a complex and multifaceted process that contributes to widespread functional decline that affects multiple organs and tissues. The pandemic of autoimmune diseases, which are a global health concern, augments in both the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of autoimmune diseases is phenotypically associated with gut microbiota-modulated features at the molecular and cellular levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases comprise the alterations of immune systems with the innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration into specific organs and the augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. However, the relative importance and mechanistic interrelationships between the gut microbial community and the immune system during progression of autoimmune diseases are still not well understood. In this review, we describe studies on the profiling of gut microbial signatures for the modulation of immunological homeostasis in multiple inflammatory diseases, elucidate their critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and discuss the implications of these findings for these disorders. Targeting intestinal microbiome and its metabolomic associations with the phenotype of autoimmunity will enable the progress of developing new therapeutic strategies to counteract microorganism-related immune dysfunction in these autoimmune diseases.


Description of a plant impression from the lower Westphalian (Langsettian) "Fern Ledges" at Saint John, New Brunswick, and identifi cation with Alethopteris lancifolia Wagner, a European species of the same general age. Comparison is made with similar species.


Despite the entry of large numbers of women into the accounting profession over the last decade, few women have reached top management levels. Two alternative paradigms that attempt to explain this phenomenon are the person‐centered explanation and the organization‐centered explanation. This study explores the Type A ‐ Type B personality traits, job satisfaction and turnover intentions, while controlling for level of decision making authority andoccupational setting, for a sample of certified public accountants. The research was undertaken to determine if women differ from men in any of these orientations and attitudes, and to assess whether any observed differences lend support to the person‐centered explanation on women's failure to advance in the accounting profession. The results confirmed previous research which has indicated that Type A prone personality is associated with advancement in the accounting profession, and that women accountants possess relatively higher Type A prone personalities than men. The results also indicate that both level of decision making authority and occupational setting are significant factors associated with personality. The only significant factor found to be related to job satisfaction and turnover intentions was level of decision making authority. It was concluded that women possessed the personality characteristics necessary for success in the accounting profession, but were not advancing. Consequently, the results failed to support the person‐centered explanation on women's failure to advance in the accounting profession.


ABSTRACT Effective knowledge exchange at science-policy interfaces (SPIs) can foster evidence-informed policy-making through the integration of a wide range of knowledge inputs. This is especially crucial for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES), human well-being and sustainable development. Early-career researchers (ECRs) can contribute significantly to knowledge exchange at SPIs. Recognizing that, several capacity building programs focused on sustainability have been introduced recently. However, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of ECRs in relation to SPIs. Our study focused on SPI engagement of ECRs who conduct research on biodiversity and ES, as perceived and experienced. Specifically, we addressed 'motivations', 'barriers' and 'opportunities and 'benefits'. A total of 145 ECRs have completed the survey. Our results showed that ECRs were generally interested to engage in SPIs and believed it to be beneficial in terms of contributing to societal change, understanding policy processes and career development. Respondents perceived lack of understanding about involvement channels, engagement opportunities, funding, training, perceived credibility of ECRs by other actors and encouragement of senior colleagues as barriers to engaging in SPIs. Those who have already participated in SPIs generally saw fewer barriers and more opportunities. A key reason for dissatisfaction with experience in SPIs was a lack of impact and uptake of science-policy outputs by policymakers – an issue that likely extends beyond ECRs and implies the need for transformations in knowledge exchange within SPIs. In conclusion, based on insights from our survey, we outline several opportunities for increased and better facilitation of ECR engagement in SPIs.


PURPOSE
To report a case of late onset posttraumatic endophthalmitis secondary to Propionibacterium acnes infection.

METHODS
Interventional case report.

RESULTS
A 28-year-old man developed endophthalmitis 6 months after a penetrating trauma. The patient underwent pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy along with injection of intravitreal antibiotics. Anaerobic cultures of the vitreous yielded P. acnes. Seven months after surgery, the eye was quiet with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60.

CONCLUSIONS
This case emphasizes the importance of considering P. acnes when treating patients with late onset posttraumatic endophthalmitis. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2004; 14: 442-4).


This article looks at the current UK guidelines for a healthy diet for the general population and considers the current debates and changes within that advice and how they may affect health outcomes. It is impossible to read a newspaper, magazine or social media article without being exposed to dietary advice, nutritional research or the latest diet craze. It is essential that nurses are able to advise their patients on research-based UK guidelines for a healthy diet, and be able to respond to patient questions on diet-related matters, ensuring the information they give is not based on current media opinion or celebrity views. This paper summarises the evidence found within current guidelines to help nurses ensure their practice is evidence based. This will help meet the requirements of the Nursing and Midwofery Council's (2015) Code, including delivering fundamentals of care and being able to practise in line with best available evidence.


A high efficiency rectenna element has been designed and tested at 5.8 GHz for applications involving microwave power transmission. The dipole antenna and filtering circuitry are printed on a thin duroid substrate. A silicon Schottky-barrier mixer diode with a low breakdown voltage is used as the rectifying device; The rectenna element is tested inside a waveguide simulator and achieves an RF to DC conversion efficiency of 82% at an input power level of 50 mW. The antenna and circuit design is based on a full-wave electromagnetic simulator.


We consider the problem of mapping the risk from a disease using a series of regional counts of observed and expected cases, and information on potential risk factors. To analyse this problem from a Bayesian viewpoint, we propose a methodology which extends a spatial partition model by including categorical covariate information. Such an extension allows detection of clusters in the residual variation, reflecting further, possibly unobserved, covariates. The methodology is implemented by means of reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. An application is presented in order to illustrate and compare our proposed extensions with a purely spatial partition model. Here we analyse a well-known data set on lip cancer incidence in Scotland.


This volume presents a complementary rather than a competing theory of depression, which should interest a wide spectrum of practising psychotherapists, researchers studying depression, and personality and social psychologists interested in the more general issues of motivation and the self. While many contemporary theories are derived from fragmentary, often unsystematic assumptions about human behaviour, the theory presented in this book looks at the whole human being before mapping out the various manifestations of depression, its causes, its development and its treatment. An integrated and substantial conception of self-awareness and self-regulatory processes constitutes the framework which helps to explain depression-related phenomena. The authors proceed to describe vulnerability factors that predict depression in those who experience loss, and they scrutinize spontaneous remission of depression, which occurs more frequently than researchers generally assume. The text intends to make a contribution to the battle against the suffering that depression brings on.


Characterizing and understanding the complex spectrum of lipids in higher organisms lags far behind our analysis of genome and transcriptome sequences. Here we generate and evaluate comprehensive lipid profiles (>200 lipids) of 92 inbred lines from five different Drosophila melanogaster populations. We find that the majority of lipid species are highly heritable, and even lipids with odd-chain fatty acids, which cannot be generated by the fly itself, also have high heritabilities. Abundance of the endosymbiont Wolbachia, a potential provider of odd-chained lipids, was positively correlated with this group of lipids. Additionally, we show that despite years of laboratory rearing on the same medium, the lipid profiles of the five geographic populations are sufficiently distinct for population discrimination. Our data predicts a strikingly different membrane fluidity for flies from the Netherlands, which is supported by their increased ethanol tolerance. We find that 18% of lipids show strong concentration differences between males and females. Through an analysis of the correlation structure of the lipid classes, we find modules of co-regulated lipids and begin to associate these with metabolic constraints. Our data provide a foundation for developing associations between variation in lipid composition with variation in other metabolic attributes, with genome-wide variation, and with metrics of health and overall reproductive fitness.


The tendency to build Net-Zero Energy Buildings increases the need to know and control the energy used in them. This research aims to identify and quantify the energy used in the construction of healthcare centres and propose indicators based on different operational variables. For this purpose, seven healthcare centres built between 2007 and 2010 were analysed, and the energy embodied in the manufacturing, transport and placement of materials on-site, including the final tests and commissioning of the building, were calculated. The results show that the average embodied energy is 9.97 GJ per unit of built area, 0.011 for each euro invested in construction and 2.18 GJ for each user. Emissions per worker, construction working hour, electrical power and energy consumed were also typified, and different reference indicators were proposed. Equations have also been devised using multivariate regression to determine the embodied energy of a healthcare centre according to its built area (m2), investment in construction (€) and the number of users (No). The building elements with the most embodied energy were also identified, and the authors found that the average embodied energy is 29.31 times higher than that consumed in a year at the healthcare centre.


Background : High level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is common in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effects of age and ethnicity onIL- 1β levels are not clear. Aim : This study assessed IL-1β level in Sudanese patients with CHD and evaluated the effect of age on systemic level of IL-1β. Methods and materials : The study involved a control group of eighty-one apparently healthy subjects and a test group of one hundred patients with atherosclerotic CHD proved by coronary angiography. Patients' glycaemic control, lipid profile and the levels of IL-1β were assessed using appropriate laboratory tests. Patients with CHD were classified according to their ages into Results : Age correlates negatively with IL-1β level (correlation coefficient = - 0.324, P = 0.000). The mean level of IL- 1β in patients with atherosclerotic CHD (M±SD = 7.05±27.18 pg/ml) was significantly lower compared with the control group (M±SD = 9.86±7.41 pg/ml). The mean level of IL-1β in atherosclerotic patients with CHD less than 40 years old (M±SD = 48.52±85.59pg/ml) was significantly higher (P = 0.005) compared with the control group (M±SD = 1.17±5.65 pg/ml). In contrast, the means of IL-1β in patients with atherosclerotic CHD among subjects ≥ 40 years old and in all age classes were significantly lower compared with the control group (P Conclusion : Alteration in IL-1 β levels among atherosclerotic patients with CHD is age-dependent; increasing in those Keywords : Age, atherosclerosis, interleukin-1β, coronary heart disease.


The growth of specialised departments of advisers to management is a relatively new phenomenon which appeared in the early post-war years. From then on. it became common among large organisations to employ teams of experts in the fields of work study. organisation and methods. and operational research. Then. later. when computers came into general use, systems analysis and computer programming were added to the list. Many other specialisations have been created during the same period and subsequently, but they have not all been strongly supported and have not all survived. There have been many attempts, some more successful than others. to consolidate groups of the various specialists into centralised "management services" departments. This book is based upon the research that was carried out by its author during the early 1970s in British European Airways and the British Overseas Airways Corporation, before the two airlines were merged to form British Airways. The subject matter is the specialists who work in the field of management services and their relationship with the line managers of the same organisation. The first chapter deals with the phenomenon of professionalism. comparing several of the lists of traits which various authors have proposed as distinguishing the professional from the other members of society. The history and growth of professionalism is illustrated by quotations from many writers. forming a review of the subject which could be of considerable use to students interested in this field. The second chapter gives the background to the study and describes the methods and procedures that were used. The next two chapters deal with the composition and history of the management services department in BEA. which is necessary for understanding the later chapters in which the tindings obtained by interviews and questionnaires are reported. These are divided into four categories. relating to career development, work. leisure. and membership of associations. respectively. 76 The descriptions of findings and tables of data are interlarded with quotations from the works of other authors on similar subjects. This arrangement brings related findings into close proximity for comparison with Lansbury's. but it must be said that it tends to break up the continuity of discourse and makes it harder to get a clear picture of the scene in BEA in one's mind. A tinding that attracted my attention was the difference in age range between the different specialisms. One wonders whether this is due, for example. to the youth of the profession of computer systems specialists. at the time of the study. or to more permanent factors. Another tinding of note concerned the source of job satisfaction. which was sho";n in several instances to be strongly intluenced by prior orientations as opposed to the inherent qualities of the work. The author had originally formulated three hypotheses regarding management services. which, on the basis of US experience. predicted encroachment on other management functions. contlict between staff and line functions, and ditliculty of integrating specialists with the rest of the organisation. However. in general. the evidence that he found did not point in these directions. and he concluded that the explanation lies in the particular traditions and history of the British Airline. "Professionals and Management" will be of interest and use to teachers and students of business and administration, especially in regard to the choice and management of careers and to the specialisms directly concerned in managerial services.


Rat embryos were explanted on day 8 or 9 of pregnancy and cultured for up to 48 hours in serum containing added retinol (vitamin A), retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), or absolute ethanol. They were examined morphologically and their protein content determined. Retinoic acid was more teratogenic and growth-retarding than retinol. Electron microscopy of embryos cultured for 30 minutes or one hour revealed that both forms of vitamin A brought about similar ultrastructural effects on the embryonic cells; however, the abnormally large intracellular lipid droplets observed in a previous study following exposure to retinol in vitro and retinyl palmitate in vivo were not observed in embryos exposed to retinoic acid. It is possible that the differential teratogenicity may be due to the inability of the embryonic cells to convert and store retinoic acid in a less teratogenic form.


ABSTRACT Castelle, B., Dubarbier, B., Tissier, M., Bonneton, P., Conley, D.C., Ruessink, B.G. and Masselink, G., 2013. Testing numerical hydrodynamic and morphodynamic models against BARDEX II Experiment data sets. The hydrodynamics on barred beaches and mechanics of sediment transport related to sandbar migration, berm formation/destruction, barrier crest dynamics and washover deposition are extremely complex. At this time, process-based models encompassing all these processes are non-existent. Among other shortcomings, the lack of existing intensive high-frequency full-scale data limits the range improvement and validation of nearshore process-based models. In June 2012, the large-scale Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II) was performed in the Delta Flume, providing new datasets for rigorous testing of existing hydrodynamic, groundwater and morphodynamic models and further assisting their development. Three types of models are expected to be applied and further improved: (1) the short-wave averaged surfzone beach profile evolution models 1DBeach and UNIBEST-TC, (2) the short-wave averaged and infragravity-wave resolving XBeach model that addresses morphological changes of the nearshore area, beaches, dunes and backbarrier during storms including cross-barrier groundwater fluxes and (3) the short-wave resolving hydrodynamic models SURF-GN and SWASH. In this contribution, we present the application of three of the five models. 1DBeach is applied to a morphological sequence characterised by onshore and subsequent rapid offshore sandbar migration for time-invariant wave forcing and falling tide. XBeach model is applied to a rising tide sequence characterized by a rapid shoreline retreated and overtopping and overwash processes. SURF-GN is applied to a high tide run with occasional overtoppings. All these model applications are described and model skills are qualitatively assessed. Guidelines for future model improvements and validation on BARDEX II dataset are further discussed.


Historically Black Colleges and Universities are seeking to reposition themselves in the current environment of higher education. This requires the ability to select leaders who have a firm understanding of planning, budgeting and knowing how to manage and promote their institutions. However, little data exists on the role played by college presidents in budgetary process and how their decision-making and leadership styles influence budgeting. This paper presents initial insights into the role played by of college presidents in budgeting. Study participants consisted of sitting and former presidents of Historically Black Colleges and Universities from four-year public and private colleges and universities in the United States of America, who had at least two years of experience as president. A total of 17 presidents participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed and presented qualitatively. Findings reveal that the main role of college presidents was approval of final budgets. They did not directly participate in process of budgeting and were at large receivers of budgetary information rather than givers. Most of the budgetary work was done by individual departments, sections, directorates, schools and faculties who generated their own budgets and passed them to higher authorities for approval. The study posts that for effective budgeting, college presidents should play a bigger role in terms of indentifying strategic avenues of new revenues for their colleges and at the same time try to find new cost effective ways of doing business for example through adoption of technology.


Stucture of N = 17,18 nuclei has been investigated via proton inelastic scattering and neutron removal reactions up to the neutron dripline in inverse kinematics by use of radioctive ion beams provided by the RIKEN isotope separator, RIPS. Low energy excited states have been found in all the 26,27F and 27Ne nuclei, which are out of the neutron sd shell configuration space and are considered as intruder states arisng from cross shell excitations. Monte-Carlo shell model calculations with the sdpf-m interaction predict low energy negative parity excited states from neutron cross shell excitation at N = 17,18, which is in agreement with our experimental results. Observation of intruder states even at N = 17, especially the p3/2 state in 27Ne at 765 keV is a clear indication of a vanishing N = 20 shell gap at Z = 8 as predicted by the sdpf-m shell model calculations.


Background & objectives
In Himachal Pradesh (HP), a comprehensive health survey was conducted to assess the prevalent health affecting habits and issues among young individuals aged 10 to 24 yr. The study was aimed to evaluate key factors such as nutrition, substance use (including tobacco and alcohol), mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression, sexual behaviours and personal hygiene, as well as incidents of violence and injury (including road traffic and other injuries).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in HP on 2895 individuals aged between 10 and 24 yr. The survey encompassed four districts, namely Shimla, Kinnaur, Kangra, and Sirmaur, and 12 blocks (three in each district). To ensure a representative sample, a stratified multistage cluster sampling approach was used. Districts and blocks were selected purposively so as to represent the diverse sociodemographic and cultural characteristics of this region. Within each block, thirty clusters were chosen using a probability proportional to size method. Clusters were defined as villages in rural areas and wards in urban areas. The World Health Organization 30 × 7 cluster technique was employed to identify households and individuals for the study.

Results
Underweight (44.39%), risk of cell phone addiction (19.62%), feeling anxious (15.54%), unintentional injuries (14.72%) and violence (8.19%) were the top five health impacting problems among young people in HP.

Interpretation & conclusions
The leading health impacting problems identified are preventable and/or modifiable factors affecting the overall health and development of young people in HP. These need to be addressed as priority health problems for interventions with a focus on maintaining positive health through integrated approaches including care provision, risk reduction and health promotion related to these health impacting behaviours. Such interventions are likely to yield better results towards the overall health and development of young people in HP.


MEMS technology deals with the integration of diverse micro technologies in complex and highly integrated systems under continuously developing boundary conditions. Successful development of MEMS demands a customised and rapid development process and requires attention to their special characteristics: technology-driven development, a wide range of manufacturing technologies and cooperation of experts of various fields. This paper suggests a possible development process and methodical support of designers by specific manufacturing guidelines and a new developed integration method to help experts of various fields to achieve efficient and effective development processes.


Many wood-based businesses rely on forklifts and pallet jacks to load, unload, or move product around facilities. The use of forklifts or other powered industrial trucks (PITs) to facilitate movement and storage of goods is expected to grow steadily over the next 10 years. Unfortunately, forklifts are known to be a common source of occupational injuries and fatalities. The purpose of this article is to examine severe injuries related to the use of forklifts and pallet movers in various segments of the wood-related industries. We used data from an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) database to investigate all severe injuries related to forklifts or pallet jacks in the 5 years from 2015 to 2019. Our focus was on various wood products and paper manufacturers, as well as wood building material dealers and wholesalers; this provides a broad overview of the hazards associated with forklifts and pallet trucks across the spectrum of wood-related businesses. Results show there were 17 fatalities and 211 severe injuries during the 5-year period. Building material dealers saw the highest number of injuries, followed by a wood manufacturing segment. Fractures were the most prevalent type of injury, with the lower extremities being the most vulnerable to serious injury. The most prevalent injury event type was pedestrians hit by a forklift or other PIT. Improper use of PITs is a regular source of OSHA fines for wood-based businesses. Implications are drawn for businesses that use forklifts and pallet jacks to reduce the likelihood of injuries from this type of equipment.


With the recent trends in microelectronics to move more and more towards incorporating MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) structures, lowering the overall cost becomes vital. One major cost driver in today's MEMS is the packaging. Many of the MEMS structures require some level of low pressure for full quality operation, and some may even need vacuum to function properly. Different MEMS packaging strategies exist on the market and they can be divided into two different approaches. The first one protects the wafer temporarily during wafer scribing or dicing and the second one provides a permanent seal to the wafer through full wafer bonding before scribing and dicing. The latter, permanent methods allows for selecting very low cost packaging without hermeticity as a requirement, whereas in the temporary seal methods the seal is removed after dicing and the sensitive structures become unprotected again. Using flip chip for MEMS has the benefit of providing MEMS structures with a covering lid, the chip itself. A number of flip chip MEMS interconnection methods presented in literature are described.


The electronic structures and magnetic properties of some rare-earth-transition metal compounds having technical interest is analyzed. The exchange interactions of 4f-5d-3d type is discussed in correlation with crystal structure and transition metal partner. The contributions to 5d band polarization due to local 4f-5d and short-range 5d-3d exchange interactions are estimated. Finally we analyze the magnetic behaviour of transition metals in rare-earth compounds.


Household Level Baseline Data has been collected in action Villages of Rajasthan state of India for Dryland System Agricultural Production System Research


Abstract Background We previously showed that OCCC can be classified into 4 molecular subgroups based on their irGES profiles with distinct clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes. A combined analysis of samples from 3 independent centres was performed to investigate the prognostic relevance of the irGES profiles in a larger cohort of OCCC patients. Methods Immune-related gene profiling was performed on 255 FFPE OCCC samples collected from 3 centres (NUH, Singapore, Saitama, Japan, and Edinburgh, UK) using the nanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was performed and correlated with clinical outcome. MMR protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Total of 255/264 samples from 3 independent cohorts were successfully profiled. Median age at diagnosis was 57 yrs. 137 (53.7%) were stage 1 (Singapore 46.9%, Saitama 65.8%, Edinburgh 50.6%) with 113 (44.3%) Stages 2-4 (Singapore 47.9%, Saitama 34.2%, Edinburgh 49.4%) and 5 (1.9%) missing data. 68.8%, 80.3% and 80.7% of pts from Singapore, Saitama and Edinburgh respectively, received adjuvant treatment. Median PFS for OCCC pts from Singapore, Saitama and Edinburgh were 27, 29.2 and 31.9 mths, respectively. Median OS were 33.5, 35.1 and 41.6 mths respectively for pts from Singapore, Saitama and Edinburgh. Based on irGES, 4 distinct molecular subgroups of OCCCs were consistently identified and reproducible. The PD-1 high subgroup was observed to have poorer 3 yr OS rate (52% vs 57% vs 73% vs 74%, p = 0.05) and a trend towards poorer 3 year PFS rate (42% vs 58.7% vs 51% vs 65%, p = 0.12) compared to the CTLA4, ProA and AP subgroups respectively. A similar trend was observed when pts were stratified based on stage and whether they received adjuvant treatment. MMR expression levels were noted to be deficient in 6.3% and 5.1% of pts from Singapore and Saitama, respectively and were not significantly associated with any irGES group. Conclusions Clinical outcomes, based on irGES profiles, appeared to be similar across Asian and Caucasian OCCC pts. 4 molecular subgroups based on their irGES profiles were consistently identified between 3 independent cohorts with distinct prognostic outcomes. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding NUHS Clinician Scientist Programme-Residency (NCSP-R) Grant NMRC -Centre grant scheme Yong Siew Yoon fellowship grant Clinician Scientist Award (IMAC) CSA-NMRC grant Nicola Murray Foundation. Disclosure C. Gourley: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche, AstraZeneca, Tesaro, Nucana, Clovis, Foundation One, Sierra Oncology, Cor2Ed; Research grant / Funding (self): AstraZeneca, Novartis, Aprea, Nucana, Tesaro; Licensing / Royalties: PCT/US2012/040805, PCT/GB2013/053202, 1409479.1, 1409476.7 and 1409478.3. D.S. Tan: Honoraria (self): Roche, Bayer, MSD, Genmab, AstraZeneca, Merck Serono, Tessa Therapeutics, Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer, Karyopharm, AstraZeneca. R. Huang: Spouse / Financial dependant: ACT genomics Singapore. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders worldwide, with an incidence only second to prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The lethality of the disease highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic options. Immunotherapy can afford efficient and specific targeting of tumor cells, improving efficacy and reducing the side effects of current therapies. We have previously reported the aberrant expression of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in tumors of unrelated histological origin. In this study we investigated the expression and immunogenicity of the cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) Sperm Protein 17 (SP17), A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors. METHODS. We used RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA and cytotoxicity assays to determine the expression levels and immunogenicity of SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 in human NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors. RESULTS. We found that SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 are aberrantly expressed in NSCLC cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues from patients, compared to normal lung cell lines and tissues. We established the immunogenicity of these CTAs by measuring CTA-specific autoantibodies in patients' sera and generating CTA-specific autologous cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CONCLUSIONS. Our results provide proof of principle that the CTAs SP17/AKAP4/PTTG1 are expressed in both human NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors and can elicit an immunogenic response in NSCLC patients. Based on our findings, further studies are warranted to explore the feasibility of developing CTA-specific immunotherapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients.


A 2.6 kg female with the diagnosis of type "B" interruption of the "right" aortic arch and mitral atresia underwent stage I palliation with translocation and anastomosis of the distal right carotid artery to the descending aorta. The distal main pulmonary artery was anastomosed to the under surface of the neoaortic arch. A modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was constructed between the left side innominate artery and the left pulmonary artery. The child awaits stage II palliation.


Tholins, the analogues of Titan aerosols, are very enigmatic materials. This work presents the results of our efforts to understand their molecular and chemical composition by comparing them with other material with similar atomic content: HCN polymers, which are thought to be of relevance in comet composition.


Ferrocytochrome b562 [Fe(II)cyt b562] folding can be triggered by photoinduced electron transfer to unfolded Fe(III)cyt b562 in 2-3 M guanidine hydrochloride solutions. The folding rates increase with decreasing guanidine hydrochloride; the extrapolated time constant for this folding process in the absence of denaturant (5 micros) is near the predicted value for intrachain diffusion. The relatively smooth energy landscape indicated for Fe(II)cyt b562 folding accords with the helical, highly symmetrical structure of the protein.


The implementation objective of this research that was to find out how to service the guidance of a career and the introduction of career students in SMK 1 Enrekang. The method of this research that was qualitative with the subject of research that was the students in SMK 1 Enrekang. The results of research which based on the data results of the questionnaire service guidance career for choice of career showed that the importance of information about the type of work that was useful (40%) until (60%) strongly agrees. Consider interest (80%) strongly agree. Information world of work and the media type of the job (90%) highly agree. Jobs that require expertise (75%) strongly agree. The work of entertaining the crowd (60%) strongly agrees. Lacks of understanding the influence of education (60%) strongly agree, (35%) agree. Difficulty channelling hobbies (70%) strongly agree. Confused determine the school continued conformity ability (90%) highly agree  While the data relationship introductions career against the choice of career showed the percentage of the will of the parents (50%) less agree. Work activities verbal such as lawyers (50%) did not agree. Work activities expression of self and creation (70%) did not agree. So it could be concluded that 60% of students who chosen the service guidance of a career that was implemented in the school had the benefit important for students and 80% of students who agree to be holding introductory career to give referrals.


The evaluation of the disposition of plutonium using light water reactors is receiving increased attention. However, mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel assemblies possess much higher absorption and fission cross- sections when compared to standard UO2 assemblies. Those properties yield very high thermal flux gradients at the interfaces between MOX and UO2 assemblies. It has already been reported that standard flux reconstruction methods (that recover the homogeneous intranodal flux shape using the converged nodal solution) yield large errors in the presence of MOX assemblies. In an accompanying paper, we compare diffusion and simplified PN calculations of a mixed-oxide benchmark problem to a reference transport calculation. In this paper, we examine the errors associated with standard nodal diffusion methods when applied to the same benchmark problem. Our results show that a large portion of the error is associated with the quadratic leakage approximation (QLA) that is commonly used in the standard nodal codes.


In recent years, a variety of mixed linear models have been proposed for QTL interval mapping and marker-assisted prediction of QTL-and polygene-effects in outbred populations of livestock species. For a model containing the effects of a cluster of linked QTLs or a chromosomal segment marked, a computing procedure is proposed herein for constructing the gametic relationship matrix whose elements are the expected values of the identity-by-descent (IBD) proportions between gametes for individuals. It is shown that the IBD set for two gametes given can be systematically partitioned into some sub-sets that have lower dimensional components according to the related gametogenesis processes. Noticing such property of the IBD set and using the joint gametogenesis process at the marker locus, a recursive method is developed to systematically calculate the required IBD sets and the elements of the gametic relationship matrix. It is expected that the proposed method is efficient compared to the path counting-like method, especially for complex pedigrees of many animals. Further investigation is needed to develop a computing strategy for directly making up the inverse of the gametic relationship matrix.


Background There is increasing evidence implicating atrial mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. In this study, we explored whether alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and atrial remodeling in a diabetic rabbit model. Methods and Results A total of 90 rabbits were randomized into 3 groups as follows: control group (n=30), alloxan‐induced diabetes mellitus group (n=30), and alogliptin‐treated (12.5 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks) diabetes mellitus group (n=30). Echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessments were performed in vivo. The serum concentrations of glucagon‐like peptide‐1, insulin, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured. Electrophysiological properties of Langendorff‐perfused rabbit hearts were assessed. Mitochondrial morphology, respiratory function, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation rate were assessed. The protein expression of transforming growth factor β1, nuclear factor κB p65, and mitochondrial biogenesis–related proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Diabetic rabbits exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial dilation without obvious hemodynamic abnormalities, and all of these changes were attenuated by alogliptin. Compared with the control group, higher atrial fibrillation inducibility in the diabetes mellitus group was observed, and markedly reduced by alogliptin. Alogliptin decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production rate, prevented mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and alleviated mitochondrial swelling in diabetic rabbits. It also improved mitochondrial biogenesis by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α/nuclear respiratory factor‐1/mitochondrial transcription factor A signaling regulated by adiponectin/AMP‐activated protein kinase. Conclusions Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors can prevent atrial fibrillation by reversing electrophysiological abnormalities, improving mitochondrial function, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.


Six cases were described in which an initial clinical diagnosis of "rhinitis gangrenosa progressiva" or lethal midline granuloma was made. The histological examinations of their surgical and autopsy specimens proved that their nasologic diseases could all be identified as malignant lymphoma arising from the nasal cavity, showing the general histologic characteristics reported for T‐cell lymphomata derived from peripheral T‐cells. This histologic observation was then confirmed by immunofluorescence studies using various antisera directed toward either human T‐ or B‐cell‐surface antigens. These studies clearly demonstrated that their malignant cells bore human Ly‐l‐like antigen but lacked human TL‐like and la‐like antigens as well as surface‐bound immunoglobulins, indicating their peripheral T‐cell origin. These data may suggest that so‐called "rhinitis gangrenosa progressiva" or lethal midline granuloma contains at least two distinct disease categories, one of which is Wegener's granulomatosis, and the other of which is nasal T‐cell lymphoma as described herein.


L X-ray production cross sections and relative intensities of Pb and Bi have been measured for proton ionization in the energy range 1 to 4 MeV. The measured cross sections are in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained from ECPSSR ionization cross sections of Cohen and Harrigan (1985) and different decay yield data. The experimental X-ray production cross sections for Bi, however, are found to be somewhat higher compared to the theoretical results obtained from RPWBA-DHS-BC ionization cross sections of Chen and Crasemann (1989) and decay yields of Chen et al. (1981, 1982). Unlike the earlier results of Xu and Xu (1992) none of the theoretical results on relative Li X-ray intensities obtained by using different sets of decay yield data show agreement with the present experimental data in the entire projectile energy range. The centroid energies of Lalpha and Lbeta peaks of both Pb and Bi remain the same with proton energy while the Lgamma centroid energy changes by about 50 eV. The experimental centroid energies are in good agreement with ECPSSR and RPWBA-DHS-BC theoretical predictions.