A new energy-efficient refrigeration system subcooled by liquid desiccant dehumidification and evaporation was proposed in this paper. In the system, liquid desiccant system could produce very dry air for an indirect evaporative cooler, which would subcool the vapor compression refrigeration system to get higher COP than conventional refrigeration system. The desiccant cooling system can use the condensation heat for the desiccant regeneration. Thermodynamic analysis is made to discuss the effects of operation parameters (condensing temperature, liquid desiccant concentration, ambient air temperature and relative humidity) on the system performance. Results show that the proposed hybrid vapor compression refrigeration system achieves significantly higher COP than conventional vapor compression refrigeration system, and even higher than the reverse Carnot cycle at the same operation conditions. The maximum COPs of the hybrid systems using hot air and ambient air are 18.8% and 16.3% higher than that of the conventional vapor compression refrigeration system under varied conditions, respectively.


Commodity market fluctuations have been linked with a number of adult outcomes. Recent evidence on the lasting impact of early life conditions, however, suggests that the e ffects on children may be important as well. Using large spatio-temporal variations in rice prices in the Philippines as a natural experiment, the study estimates the eff ect of increasing food prices on parental behavior regarding an inexpensive yet time-intensive child investment: breastmilk feeding. It documents a countercyclical relationship between breastfeeding duration and rice prices, which may be a consequence of poorer health and induced labor force participation among mothers. Results highlight that even food producers may not be insulated against food price inflation.


In this paper, load compensation using multilevel inverter-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is presented. The DSTATCOM is connected to a three-phase four-wire (3p4w) distribution system. Two different multilevel inverter topologies are used to realize the DSTATCOM. They are diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) and flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI). A compensating technique has been derived, which uses the state feedback control to the multilevel inverters-based DSTATCOMs. A switching strategy for the multilevel inverters that ensures utilization of all output voltage states of the inverter for efficient tracking of references has been proposed. The schemes of dc-link capacitor voltage control for DCMLI and flying capacitor voltage control for FCMLI have been discussed. Comparative studies of performances of the two DSTATCOM topologies are performed. The simulation studies are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.


Lymphoma classification is now evolving. The 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues was published in 2008, regarded as a revised and updated version of the 2001 3rd edition; an effort that involved 138 authors from 22 countries and two clinical advisory committees comprising 62 clinical specialists with expertise in lymphoid and myeloid disorders. New aspects of the 2008 WHO classification can be briefly summarized as follows: 1) a greater recognition of "early" lesions, i.e., an incipient neoplasm, e.g., in situ follicular lymphoma, has been incorporated; 2) age was highlighted as a defining feature of some neoplasms, e.g., EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly, pediatric follicular lymphoma, and EBV+ T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases of childhood; 3) anatomical sites were noted as having an important impact on disease definitions; and 4) newly recognized borderline categories were listed on the basis of their biological overlap between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma or classical Hodgkin lymphoma.


This paper aims to discuss about Digital Waveguide Technique, widely used in acoustic modeling, for possible application in seismic characterization of rocks placed at hydrocarbon reservoir. Therefore, the objective is to make a survey about the theoretical foundation of technique that will help to build a computational tool. This work focus on mathematical and numerical analysis.


Schizophrenia is characterized by an altered sense of the reality, associated with hallucinations and delusions. Some theories suggest that schizophrenia is related to a deficiency of the system that generates information about the sensory consequences of the actions realized by the subject. This system monitors the reafferent information resulting from an action and allows its anticipation. In the present study, we examined visual-event-related potentials (ERPs) generated by a sensorimotor task in 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 normal controls. The visual feedback from hand movements performed by the subjects was experimentally distorted. Behavioral results showed that patients were impaired in recognizing their own movements. The ERP signal in patients also differed from those of control subjects. In patients, the ERP waveform was affected during the early part of the response (200 ms). This early effect in schizophrenic patients reveals a modified processing of the visual consequence of their actions. To


My dear friend , if you have a parlor bird or two you need read no further. This article is not fo r you. If, on the other hand , you are a serious aviculturist with a modest to respectable collection of birds, please pay attention. I 'm going to reveal a concept hitherto unknown in the annals of modern aviculture. Let me begin by painting a verba l scenario. You awake one morning , have your coffee, then leisurely amble out to observe your birds. Your man, of course, has the feeding and watering all clone by the time of your 9:00a.m. stroll. With your stick you point out various adjustments and changes you' cl like effected before noon . Suddenly, without warning, you spot a king parrot a bit fluffed up and looking poorly. Instantly the bird is sent off to the local vet and shortly thereafter word arrives that the bird died from causes unknown. The word is accompanied by a S 120 bill. A week later another bird dies and is posted . Again , inconclusive reports of damaged liver, some E. coli , etc. Now you're a bit worried. Birds shouldn 't be dropping from the perch . The next bird that looks ill is treated by the vet and returns to the flock after a week and S490 worth of hospitalization. It had a bacterial infection . So far you have two dead birds, one convalescing and about S800 invested without much return . You still worry about the total collection of some 200 birds. You recoi l at the thought of taking each bird individually to the vet for a check up. What to do?


Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC

BACKGROUND Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, is being considered as a highly promising agent for treatment and prevention of many types of cancer, including breast cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of metformin is unknown, it is thought that metformin is an AMPK activator. To better individualize metformin therapy and explore additional underlying molecular mechanism associated with metformin action, we conducted a metformin pharmacogenomic study using 266 genomic data-enriched lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs).

METHODS Genome-wide microarray data were generated for all LCLs, including 1.3 million SNPs, 485K DNA methylation probes and 54K mRNA expression probe sets. Metformin cytotoxicity assay was performed using MTS assay. Genome-wide association (GWA) analyses and integrated analyses using all the genomic data and metformin cytotoxicity (IC50 value) were performed to identify top candidate genes for functional validation in breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB 231 and Hs578T, using siRNA screening approach. Further mechanistic study was performed to investigate the role of candidates in regulation of AMPK activity.

RESULTS GWA analyses in LCLs identified 198 mRNA expression probe sets and 210 DNA methylation probes associated with metformin IC50 with p-value <10-4, respectively. Analysis of 1.3 million SNPs found 12 loci (a region containing at least 1 SNP of p-value <10-5 and 1 SNP of p-value <10-3 within 50kb) that were associated with metformin IC50. Integrated SNP loci-mRNA expression-IC50 analysis indicated that the SNP loci on chromosome 16 was associated with metformin IC50 through a trans-regulation of expression of 7 genes with p-value <10-4. Integrated methylation-mRNA expression-IC50 analysis showed that 15 DNA methylation probes in 6 genes were associated with metformin IC50 through both cis- and trans-regulation of expression of 48 genes with p-value <10-4, including 4 methylation probes in 3 of those 6 genes that were cis-correlated with its own gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis of top 62 candidate genes identified four major pathways and 55 genes within those pathways were selected for functional validation in breast cancer cell lines. The knockdown experiment showed that down regulation of 25 genes significantly altered metformin sensitivity in MDA-MB231, and 14 of them also showed the same effect in Hs578T. Preliminary mechanistic experiment indicated that knockdown of 7 genes significantly reduced AMPK activity in MDA-MB231 and 3 of them had same effect in Hs578T.

CONCLUSIONS GWAS using a genomic data-enriched LCL model system, together with functional validation in breast cancer cell lines, could help us to identify novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers involved in metformin response and help us to better understand the mechanisms of metformin in cancer treatment.

Citation Format: Nifang Niu, Xianglin Tan, Brooke L. Fridley, Daniel J. Schaid, Ryan P. Abo, Anthony Batzler, Erin E. Carlson, Gregory Jenkins, Sebastian Moran, Holger Andrea Heyn, Manel Esteller Badosa, Liewei Wang. Metformin pharmacogenomics: A genome-wide associate study to identify genetic and epigenetic biomarkers involved in metformin response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2271. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2271


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) may exert on oral drug absorption, in cases where this soluble fiber is administered to regulate blood lipid levels. Studies were conducted in vitro and in healthy female mongrel dogs using two different grades of HPMC, i.e. K8515 HPMC and ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) HPMC. The maximum plasma concentration, Cmax, of paracetamol and both the Cmax and the area under the concentration–time curve, AUC, of cimetidine were significantly decreased by the coadministration of 10 g of K8515 HPMC or 7.5 g of UHMW HPMC dissolved in 500 mL normal saline under fasting conditions. No statistically significant effects were observed on hydrochlorothiazide or mefenamic acid absorption. Based on in vitro data and previous studies it appears that reductions in gastric emptying and dissolution rate of paracetamol account for the effect observed in vivo. For cimetidine, a drug which can be absorbed from both the small and the large intestine, the indigestibility of HPMC in the colon in addition to the great reduction of dissolution rate led to reductions of both the Cmax and AUC values. The long Tmax values, even in the absence of HPMCs and the more modest reduction of the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide by the HPMCs are thought to have precluded the observation of any significant alterations in the in vivo absorption profile. Owing to its erratic absorption, no statistically based conclusion could be drawn about the effects of coadministered HPMC on the oral absorption of the poorly soluble mefenamic acid. It is concluded that the effects of HPMCs on drug absorption in dogs are most pronounced for compounds with absorption profiles that are dependent on gastric emptying, i.e. compounds that are highly water soluble and that exhibit short Tmax values. Compounds with long absorption profiles appear to be less susceptible to changes in absorption behavior due to coadministration of HPMCs. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Hypertension is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases with an ongoing global increase in incidence. Low Magnesium may play a critical role in cardiovascular physiology. Although many reports have mentioned the correlation between low serum magnesium levels and hypertension, the results were conflicting. Objective: To measure the levels of serum magnesium in hypertensive patients, and to evaluate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia among them. Patients and Methods: A case-control study from June 2019 to December 2019 was carried out in Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Nawroz Health Center involving 100 adult patients with essential hypertension (group I ) and 100 normotensive age and gender-matched controls ( group II). The serum magnesium level was measured in all participants. Results: Females constitute 64 % of both study groups. The means of the age of both study groups show no significant difference (p=0.82). Although the means of Mg level in hypertensive and control groups were within the normal range, it was significantly lower in hypertensive patients (p=0.004). Besides, 4 hypertensive patients (4%) had hypomagnesemia compared with zero in controls (p=0.043). Conclusion: There was a significantly lower mean magnesium level in hypertensives compared to controls. A relationship was assumed between serum magnesium level and hypertension. However; hypomagnesemia was not common in hypertensive patients.


Constellation design has been previously addressed by assuming that there is a linear equalizer at the receiver side. However, the widely linear equalizer is well known to outperform the linear one with no significant complexity increase; we derive optimum and suboptimum techniques for constellation design in presence of such an equalizer. The proposed techniques adapt the circularity properties of the transmitted signals to the specific channel to be equalized; their performance analysis shows that also the simplest suboptimum procedure provides significant improvements over a fixed-constellation scheme.


This paper proposes some design approaches combining PI control technique and fuzzy logic. This system has been designed to have two controllers, one Fuzzy based controller for stator and another one PID based for rotor. Such a mixed implementation leads to a more effective control design objectives such as steady state and transient characteristics of the closed loop system. Fuzzy logic is integrated to overcome the problems with uncertainties in the motor parameters. Induction motors are characterized by complex, highly non-linear and time varying dynamics. The advent of vector control techniques has partially solved induction motor control problems. Also they are sensitive to drive parameter variations such as the rotor time constant and an incorrect flux measurement or estimation at low speeds. If the conventional controllers are used the performance may deteriorate. Fuzzy logic based controller deal such variations more effectively. A simulation study of Fuzzy/PID based Stator/Rotor vector control is


Ternary diagrams are presented as graphic tools to assist environmental accounting and environmental decision-making based on emergy analysis. Besides the unquestionable advantages of graphic interpretation over table analysis, the use of ternary diagrams, widely used for physical chemistry evaluation of three components systems, or three components phase diagrams, permits the use of phase diagrams properties to assess the dependence of the system upon renewable and non renewable inputs, the environmental support for dilution and abatement of process emissions and the system efficiency. The prompt visualization of the emergy accounting data makes possible to compare processes and systems with and without ecosystem services, to evaluate improvements and to follow the system performance over time. With the aim of ternary diagrams, aspects such as the interaction between systems and the interactions between systems and the environment can be readily recognized and evaluated.


Background: The role of LCN2 in EAE is not clear. Results: LCN2 expression increased in EAE. Lcn2 deficiency attenuated EAE symptoms and pathology. LCN2 enhanced glial expression of inflammatory mediators and peripheral encephalitogenic T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Both central and peripheral LCN2 contributed to EAE development. Significance: LCN2 can be targeted for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) plays an important role in cellular processes as diverse as cell growth, migration/invasion, differentiation, and death/survival. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that LCN2 expression and secretion by glial cells are induced by inflammatory stimuli in the central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to examine the regulation of LCN2 expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to determine the role of LCN2 in the disease process. LCN2 expression was found to be strongly increased in spinal cord and secondary lymphoid tissues after EAE induction. In spinal cords astrocytes and microglia were the major cell types expressing LCN2 and its receptor 24p3R, respectively, whereas in spleens, LCN2 and 24p3R were highly expressed in neutrophils and dendritic cells, respectively. Furthermore, disease severity, inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, glial activation, the expression of inflammatory mediators, and the proliferation of MOG-specific T cells were significantly attenuated in Lcn2-deficient mice as compared with wild-type animals. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells in culture exhibited an increased expression of Il17a, Ifng, Rorc, and Tbet after treatment with recombinant LCN2 protein. Moreover, LCN2-treated glial cells expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and MMP-9. Adoptive transfer and recombinant LCN2 protein injection experiments suggested that LCN2 expression in spinal cord and peripheral immune organs contributes to EAE development. Taken together, these results imply LCN2 is a critical mediator of autoimmune inflammation and disease development in EAE and suggest that LCN2 be regarded a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis.


Proceedings of the 10th International Clays Conference, Adelaide, Australia, July 18 to 23, 1993.

Clays have provided us with the most active ingredients in soils, with building materials, with pottery and ceramics for both utility and decoration, and with coatings and fillers for paper, among other uses. The unique properties of these apparently everyday materials are being studied and used in an increasing range of industrial and environmental applications.

Clays: Controlling the Environment provides a valuable compendium of the latest results from the complete range of clay-related scientific research. It includes coverage of the economic and environmental issues as well as directions for further research and development in many vital and expanding industries. All papers in these proceedings were subject to peer review.

The topics discussed are:

*Clays in industry and the environment

*Surface and interlayer reactions

*Clay mineral structures and chemistry

*Methods of investigation

*Clays in geology

*Soil mineralogy

The emphasis of this book reflects the vital role that clays play in controlling natural, polluted and technological environments.


In this report, size-effects observed in conical indentation tests due to the existence of plastically-graded surfaces and the effect of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) have been discussed. First, a new scheme has been proposed for the computational modelling of conical indentation in plastically-graded materials. Based on the new scheme and the work of Dao et al. [1], an analytical expression to predict the indentation loading curve has been presented which can be further used to establish a reverse algorithm to determine the plastic properties of a plastically-graded surface. Secondly, to characterize the effect of GND, a closed-form expression of the size-dependent sharp indentation loading curve has been proposed based on dimensional analysis and the finite deformation Taylor-based nonlocal theory (TNT) of plasticity (Huang et al. [2]). The key issue is to link the results of FEM based on TNT plasticity with those obtained using conventional FEM by taking as the effective strain gradient that presented in the work of Nix and Gao [3], thus avoiding large-scale finite element computations using strain gradient plasticity theories. Experiments carried out on 316 stainless steel have been used to verify the effectiveness of the present analytical model; the results demonstrate that the present analytical expression of the size-dependent indentation loading curve corresponds very well to the experimental indentation loading curve. The empirical constant, α , in the Taylor model estimated from the experimental data has the correct order of magnitude.


Twenty chemotherapy-naive patients with ovarian carcinoma received 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/day (five patients per dose step) of recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) over 7 days after carboplatin/cyclophosphamide in Cycles 1 and 3. Patients received rhIL-3 by continuous i.v. infusion or once daily s.c. injection in Cycle 1 and the alternate route in Cycle 3. Plasma rhIL-3 samples were obtained once daily on Days 1 to 6 and serially over a 24-h period on Day 7 for pharmacokinetic assessment of s.c. and i.v. administered rhIL-3 in 16 and 17 patients, respectively. Concentrations were assayed by a time-resolved fluorescence sandwich immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by noncompartmental methods. Mean steady-state concentrations during continuous i.v. infusion ranged from 117 pg/ml (1 microgram/kg/day) to 2217 pg/ml (15 micrograms/kg/day) and were linearly related to dose (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). When dose normalized, the mean steady-state concentrations were comparable at all doses. The total-body clearance was approximately 4 to 5 ml/min/kg. Elimination half-life (t1/2 i.v.) could be assessed for the 5- to 15-micrograms/kg/day dose levels and was 53, 41, and 26 min for the 5-, 10-, and 15-micrograms dose levels, respectively (not significant between dose levels). Following s.c. injection, the maximum rhIL-3 plasma concentration ranged from 206 pg/ml (1 microgram/kg/day) to 6930 pg/ml (15 micrograms/kg/day). Both the maximum measured plasma concentration (r = 0.89, P < 0.0001) and the area under the plasma concentration/time curve (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) were related to dose. Dose-normalized values were comparable over the entire dose range. Elimination t1/2s.c. was 4.8 h at the 1-microgram dose level and roughly half this time for the 5- to 15-micrograms/kg/day dose levels. The systemic clearance of approximately 5 to 6 ml/min/kg was comparable at all dose levels. Based on trough levels of the 7-day s.c. course, no rhIL-3 accumulation occurred. Bioavailability of s.c. administered rhIL-3 was nearly 100%. No correlation between creatinine clearance and pharmacokinetic parameters of rhIL-3 could be demonstrated. Since there was also no difference in hematological efficacy between the two routes of rhIL-3 administration, we conclude that the s.c. route of administration appears to have no disadvantages over the i.v. route and may facilitate its clinical application.


Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are useful tools for predicting and understanding past and future aspects of the climate system. However, the biological and physical parameters used in ESMs can have wide variations in their estimates. Even small changes in these parameters can yield unexpected results without a clear explanation of how a particular outcome was reached. The standard method for estimating ESM sensitivity is to compare spatiotemporal distributions of variables from different runs of a single ESM. However, a potential pitfall of this method is that ESM output could match observational patterns because of compensating errors. For example, if a model predicts overly weak upwelling and low nutrient concentrations, it may compensate for this by allowing phytoplankton to have a high sensitivity to nutrients. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neural network ensembles (NNEs) are capable of extracting relationships between predictor and target variables within ocean biogeochemical models. Being able to view the relationships between variables, along with spatiotemporal distributions, allows for a more mechanistically based examination of ESM outputs. Here, we investigated whether we could apply NNEs to help us determine why different ESMs produce different results. We tested this using three cases. The first and second case use different runs of the same ESM, except the physical circulations differ between them in the first case while the biological equations differ between them in the second. Our results indicate that the NNEs were capable of extracting the relationships between variables, allowing us to distinguish between differences due to changes in circulation (which do not change relationships) from changes in biogeochemical formulation (which do change relationships).


Abstract Objective: To identify the ways in which parental involvement can be incorporated into interventions to support adolescent health behaviour change. Design: Data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Setting: Southampton, Hampshire, UK. Participants: A convenience sample of twenty-four parents of adolescents. Results: Parents consider themselves to play an important role in supporting their adolescents to make healthy choices. Parents saw themselves as gatekeepers of the household and as role models to their adolescents but recognised this could be both positive and negative in terms of health behaviours. Parents described the changing dynamics of the relationships they have with their adolescents because of increased adolescent autonomy. Parents stated that these changes altered their level of influence over adolescents' health behaviours. Parents considered it important to promote independence in their adolescents; however, many described this as challenging because they believed their adolescents were likely to make unhealthy decisions if not given guidance. Parents reported difficulty in supporting adolescents in a way that was not viewed as forceful or pressuring. Conclusions: When designing adolescent health interventions that include parental components, researchers need to be aware of the disconnect between public health recommendations and the everyday reality for adolescents and their parents. Parental involvement in adolescent interventions could be helpful but needs to be done in a manner that is acceptable to both adolescents and parents. The findings of this study may be useful to inform interventions which need to consider the transitions and negotiations which are common in homes containing adolescents.


Growth is a concept of particular interest for economic discourse. This paper sets out to explore a small corpus of economic growth, which consists of articles from The Economist. The corpus software used in this study is a web-based tool Wmatrix, an automatic tagging software able to assign semantic field (domain) tags, and to permit the extraction of key words and key semantic domains by applying the keyness calculation to tag frequency lists. The results show that at 99% confidence (or p < 0.01), the cut-off of 6.63 (log likelihood value) indicates that there are 1051 positive keywords (including multiword expressions) and 80 key semantic domains generated from the corpus. It is evident that BRICs or the emerging economies/markets, in particular China and India, are a big concern regarding economic growth over the past years. A number of examples of possible ways forward in teaching methodology are presented.


The size of medical data has increased significantly over the last few years. This poses severe problems for the rapid transmission of medical data across the hospital network resulting into longer access times of the images. Also longterm storage of data becomes more and more a problem. In an attempt to overcome the increasing data size often lossless or lossy compression algorithms are being used. This paper compares the existing JPEG2000 compression algorithm and the new emerging JP3D standard for compression of volumetric datasets. The main benefit of JP3D is that this algorithm truly is a 3D compression algorithm that exploits correlation not only within but also in between slices of a dataset. We evaluate both lossless and lossy modes of these algorithms. As a first step we perform an objective evaluation. Using RMSE and PSNR metrics we determine which compression algorithm performs best and this for multiple compression ratios and for several clinically relevant medical datasets. It is well known that RMSE and PSNR often do not correlate well with subjectively perceived image quality. Therefore we also perform a psycho visual analysis by means of a numerical observer. With this observer model we analyze how compression artifacts actually are perceived by a human observer. Results show superior performance of the new JP3D algorithm compared to the existing JPEG2000 algorithm.


The species-rich neotropical tree genus Swartzia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is a ubiquitous element in Central and South American rainforests. As such, it has been selected as a focal group in ongoing studies of the evolution and assembly of the neotropical flora, but these efforts are hindered by substantial taxonomic problems within Swartzia. The lack of a well-substantiated infrageneric classification has impeded much needed revisionary work on the genus, since the composition and limits of the various species complexes of Swartzia have not been clearly defined. A recent phylogenetic study of Swartzia with broad sampling of molecular characters and species illustrates the deficiencies of previous classifications of the genus and provides a robust phylogenetic framework for devising a new classification. Here we propose a phylogenetically based classification that places all currently recognized species of Swartzia into 15 sections. The sections, ranging in size from one to thirty-two species, are morphologically diagnosable and are hypothesized to be monophyletic. Thirteen sectional names are either entirely new or are applied at the sectional rank for the first time. A key to the sections is provided, along with sectional treatments that each include a morphological description, geographic distribution, and list of included species.


Aims To assess the level of immunity in a healthy population to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), according to age groups and in an urban health area. Design Transversal random prospective study of a sample of the population found by letters. SITE. Primary Care Centre covering the population of an urban health area in Valladolid. Patients or other participants Random sample of 726 people with an adjustment as to sex and age according to the area's average, in line with the full census of the above area. The sample was 95% trustworthy, with a 3% margin of error. People with serious illness at the time of the study were excluded. Measurements and main findings We carried out a social-health count. We established the anti-HAV titer after its detection by enzyme immunoanalysis (HAVAB EIA Abbott); the titers were inferred from the absorbances relating then to that of a a "pool" of serums with very high titers. 69.9% (standardised rate) gave positive. The highest titers were presented in people between 31 and 50 (29.7 +/- 47.0), with significant differences both for lower (17.0 +/- 15.7) and higher (15.7 +/- 19.8) age groups (p. 0.001 for both). Conclusions The highest anti-HAV titers corresponded to people in the middle age-group, with a subsequent dropping-off. This could suggest a greater susceptibility to HAV infection in the older person.


BACKGROUND
Prehospital analgesia options for paramedics have been limited due to the difficulty in achieving safe and effective pain relief without compromising transportation to hospital. The present paper identifies the analgesia methods currently available in the prehospital setting so as to evaluate the various options and highlight areas for future research.

METHODS
A literature review of Medline and Embase databases from 1966 until the present was undertaken. Further hand searching of all the references identified in these papers was also performed. All current literature was analysed and categorized according to one of four levels of evidence using National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia guidelines (1999).

RESULTS
There is a paucity of randomized control trials relating to prehospital analgesia. All published literature was level III or IV prospective or retrospective studies. Drug options used included nitrous oxide/oxygen mixtures, intravenous/intramuscular nalbuphine, intravenous tramadol and intravenous pure opiate agonists.

CONCLUSIONS
The evidence supporting analgesic options in the prehospital setting is limited. There are few published data in this area despite the inadequacy of pain relief being recognized as a weakness in prehospital care. Prehospital analgesia is an area worthy of innovative methods for the administration of safe and effective analgesics without significant impact on transport times. Such methods should be prospectively evaluated in well-constructed trials.


Background Childhood falls result in considerable morbidity, mortality and health service use. Despite this, little evidence exists on protective factors or effective falls prevention interventions in young children. Objectives To estimate ORs for three types of medically attended fall injuries in young children in relation to safety equipment, safety behaviours and hazard reduction and explore differential effects by child and family factors and injury severity. Design Three multicentre case–control studies in UK hospitals with validation of parental reported exposures using home observations. Cases are aged 0–4 years with a medically attended fall injury occurring at home, matched on age and sex with community controls. Children attending hospital for other types of injury will serve as unmatched hospital controls. Matched analyses will use conditional logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding variables. Unmatched analyses will use unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, deprivation and distance from hospital in addition to other confounders. Each study requires 496 cases and 1984 controls to detect an OR of 0.7, with 80% power, 5% significance level, a correlation between cases and controls of 0.1 and a range of exposure prevalences. Main outcome measures Falls on stairs, on one level and from furniture. Discussion As the largest in the field to date, these case control studies will adjust for potential confounders, validate measures of exposure and investigate modifiable risk factors for specific falls injury mechanisms. Findings should enhance the evidence base for falls prevention for young children.


The results of neutron and neutron boost irradiation of 199 patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated between 1978 and 1983 are presented. The median follow-up period is 42 months. The recurrence free survival rates by last review are 93% for patients with T1 tumours (n = 14), 87% for T2 tumours (n = 84) and 73% for T3 tumours (n = 101). The actuarial survival rates at six years are 77% for T1, 63% for T2 and 34% for T3 tumours (p = 0.018). The actuarial survival rate for the group of patients irradiated after surgery without clinical evidence of residual tumour is 63.8% compared with 30.9% for the group of patients with measurable tumour volume at the beginning of radiotherapy (p = 0.002). The survival rates according to grading are 52% for patients with G1 tumours (n = 44), 54% for G2 tumours (n = 130) and 36% for G3 tumours (n = 25). The morbidity rate of 22% after full neutron irradiation was reduced to 15% by the introduction of a neutron boost. At the present time, the results of this modified treatment are not inferior to a full neutron course. The effectiveness of neutron or neutron boost irradiation in the postoperative treatment of soft tissue sarcomas will be evaluated in a forthcoming EORTC trial.


The authors report experimental results demonstrating that the friction force acting on atoms in a bichromatic standing light wave can substantially differ from that in a monochromatic standing wave. Even a sign reversal can occur in a laser frequency range depending on the spatial phaseshift between the two standing wave components.


ABSTRACT We describe a small crab inside the phragmocone of a heteromorph cephalopod Baculites sp. smooth from the Gammon Ferruginous Member (lower Campanian) of the Pierre Shale in Butte County, South Dakota. The crab Ferricorda kimberlyae (Bishop, 1987) is well preserved with its carapace and pereiopods parallel to and between two septa of the phragmocone. Because of its superb preservation, the specimen is unlikely to have been washed into the phragmocone. The crab probably retreated into the phragmocone chamber to avoid predation or to molt and was subsequently buried by an influx of rapid sedimentation. This is the first instance of inquilinism by a crab in a heteromorph ammonite. Despite the rarity of such fossils, the occurrence of crabs inside ammonite shells was probably not uncommon on sea floors during the Mesozoic. Morphological details of the specimen reveal that Ferricorda is a dynomenid crab.


Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) catalyzes not only the decarboxylation of L-aromatic amino acids but also side reactions including half-transamination of D-aromatic amino acids and oxidative deamination of aromatic amines. The latter reaction produces, in equivalent amounts, an aromatic aldehyde or ketone (depending on the nature of the substrate), and ammonia, accompanied by O(2) consumption in a 1 : 2 molar ratio with respect to the products. The kinetic mechanism and the pH dependence of the kinetic parameters have been determined in order to obtain information on the chemical mechanism for this reaction toward 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The initial velocity studies indicate that 5-HT and O(2) bind to the enzyme sequentially, and that D-Dopa is a competitive inhibitor versus 5-HT and a noncompetitive inhibitor versus O(2). The results are consistent with a mechanism in which 5-HT binds to DDC before O(2). The pH dependency of log V for the oxidative deaminase reaction shows that the enzyme possesses a single ionizing group with a pK value of approximately 7.8 that must be unprotonated for catalysis. In addition to an ionizing residue with a pK value of 7.9 similar to that found in the V profile, the (V/K)(5-HT) profile exhibits a pK value of 9.8, identical to that of free substrate. This pK was therefore tentatively assigned to the alpha-amino group of 5-HT. No titratable ionizing residue was detected in the (V/K)(O2) profile, in the pH range examined. Surprisingly, at pH values lower than 7, where oxidative deamination does not occur to a significant extent, a half-transamination of 5-HT takes place. The rate constant of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate formation increases below a single pK of approximately 6.7. This value mirrors the spectrophotometric pK(spec) of the shift 420-384 nm of the external aldimine between DDC and 5-HT. Nevertheless, the analysis of the reaction of DDC with 5-HT under anaerobic conditions indicates that only half-transamination occurs with a pH-independent rate constant over the pH range 6-8.5. A model accounting for these data is proposed that provides alternative pathways leading to oxidative deamination or half-transamination.


The traditional limited partnership is essentially a financing device that permits passive investors (the limited partners) to participate in the profits of a firm managed by other persons (the general partners) without fear of personal liability. The general partners are personally liable for all partnership obligations, including breaches of fiduciary duties owed to the limited partners. A limited partnership with a nominally financed corporation as its sole general partner departs radically from this model and becomes a limited liability entity not unlike a corporation. Since there is no prohibition against limited partners serving as shareholders, directors or officers of the corporate general partner, the organizers and managers of the venture may participate in the sharing of profits and losses as limited partners as well as through the corporate general partner. After discussing the unique features of the limited partnership with a corporate general partner, and the problems it poses in relation to fiduciary duties owed by the directors and managers of the corporate general partner to the limited partners, the author analyzes recent cases and proposes that courts should uniformly impose fiduciary duties on directors and managers of the corporate general partner. Additionally, the author analyzes the issues raised when control over the general partner is transferred to a third party and concludes that the appropriate analysis for determining whether a transfer is valid is whether the transfer poses an increased risk of harm to the limited partners.


Radiology report generation aims to produce computer-aided diagnoses to alleviate the workload of radiologists and has drawn increasing attention recently. However, previous deep learning methods tend to neglect the mutual influences between medical findings, which can be the bottleneck that limits the quality of generated reports. In this work, we propose to mine and represent the associations among medical findings in an informative knowledge graph and incorporate this prior knowledge with radiology report generation to help improve the quality of generated reports. Experiment results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method on the IU X-ray dataset with a ROUGE-L of 0.384±0.007 and CIDEr of 0.340±0.011. Compared with previous works, our model achieves an average of 1.6% improvement (2.0% and 1.5% improvements in CIDEr and ROUGE-L, respectively). The experiments suggest that prior knowledge can bring performance gains to accurate radiology report generation. We will make the code publicly available at https://github.com/bionlplab/report_generation_amia2022.


Studies on drawing often focused on spatial aspects of the finished products. Here, the drawing behaviour was studied by analysing its intermittent process, between drawing (i.e. marking a surface) and interruption (i.e. a pause in the marking gesture). To assess how this intermittence develops with age, we collected finger-drawings on a touchscreen by 185 individuals (children and adults). We measured the temporal structure of each drawing sequence to determine its complexity. To do this, we applied temporal fractal estimators to each drawing time series before combining them in a Principal Component Analysis procedure. The youngest children (3 years-old) drew in a more stereotypical way with long-range dependence detected in their alternations between states. Among older children and adults, the complexity of drawing sequences increased showing a less predictable behaviour as their drawings become more detailed and figurative. This study improves our understanding of the temporal aspects of drawing behaviour, and contributes to an objective understanding of its ontogeny.


In this paper, we study geodesic growth of numbered graph products; these are
a generalization of right-angled Coxeter groups, defined as graph products of
finite cyclic groups. We first define a graph-theoretic condition called
link-regularity, as well as a natural equivalence amongst link-regular numbered
graphs, and show that numbered graph products associated to link-regular
numbered graphs must have the same geodesic growth series. Next, we derive a
formula for the geodesic growth of right-angled Coxeter groups associated to
link-regular graphs. Finally, we find a system of equations that can be used to
solve for the geodesic growth of numbered graph products corresponding to
link-regular numbered graphs that contain no triangles and have constant vertex
numbering.


Understanding the workings of human cognition remains a fundamental scientific challenge: while the basic building blocks of the brain are well known, as is their general organization, there is no agreement on how cognition emerges from their interaction. Unified theories of cognition consisting of invariant mechanisms and representations, implemented computationally as cognitive architectures, have been proposed as a way to organize the empirical findings and master the complexity of neural systems. If successful, they would also represent the most promising way of engineering artificial systems capable of general intelligence, a.k.a. Strong AI or AGI. ACT-R is an integrated computational cognitive architecture resulting from decades of cumulative effort by an international community of cognitive researchers. It consists of a modular framework (see figure 1) with the following components: a) procedural and declarative memory modules, including both symbolic and subsymbolic (i.e., statistical) representation and learning mechanisms; b) perceptual and motor modules that incorporate many known human factors parameters and provide principled limitations on the interaction with an external environment; c) a constrained modular framework for incorporating additional factors such as fatigue and emotions that are not currently part of the architecture; and d) asynchronous interaction between modules that assemble small, sub-second cognitive steps into complex streams of cognition to accomplish high-level functionality. Models build using the architecture can learn to perform complex dynamic tasks while interacting directly with the same environment as human users. ACT-R can account for all quantitative measures of human performance, from behavioral measures such as response time, percent of correct responses and eye movements, to fine-grained neural measurements such as EEG and fMRI. Hundred of cognitive models have been validated against experimental data, for tasks ranging from performing simple psychology experiments to controlling complex information systems such as air traffic control. II. RESEARCH AGENDA ACT-R models have adopted a particular level of abstraction, usually interact with abstract simulation systems, and represent the cognition of a single agent with definite goals. Our current research aims at lifting those limitations by relating to other levels of description of our cognitive system, in particular the neural level, by grounding ACT-R within physical systems such as robots, and by extending the single-model paradigm to multiple models interacting in cognitive networks. A. Cognitive Neuroscience The primary challenge in cognitive science is to construct bridges between levels of description similar to those erected in the physical sciences. For instance, when understanding how people gather …


Culloden marked the end of the last and greatest of the Jacobite adventures - the '45 Rebellion - in which the Highland clans challenged the power of the Hanoverian King of England. It was at Culloden that Charles Edward Stuart's army was finally defeated. His tired Highlanders had little chance against the steady infantry and heavy artillery fire of the English. Peter Harrington examines all aspects of the battle, including its background, the earlier Highlander victories, the men and commanders of both sides, and the massacre that took place in its aftermath.


RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy of simultaneous high-pressure recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) application for clot removal and procedure-related peripheral particle embolization for the hydrodynamic thrombectomy devices LF 140 AngioJet (LF 140) and triplelumen Hydrolyser (triple HL) in an in vitro flow model.

METHODS
Thrombectomy of clots (n = 47) from 5-day-old human blood (8.9-9.7 g) was performed with the LF 140 and the triple HL, each with and without simultaneous rt-PA (9.97-12.59 g) application in a flow model (flow 1 liter/min) made of silicone tubes (7 mm inner tube diameter). All catheters were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

RESULTS
The triple HL revealed no statistically significant performance differences with additional rt-PA. For the LF 140, mean thrombectomy time ranged from 23.5 sec (with rt-PA) to 33.5 sec (P = 0.05). The ratio of peripheral embolus weight to thrombus weight was reduced from 2.12% to 0.46% (rt-PA; P = 0.05). None of the tested devices had an isovolumetric performance; the mean ratio of applied saline to aspirated fluid for the devices were different from one, ranging from 0.89 to 0.92 (rt-PA) for the triple HL and from 0.43 to 0.52 (rt-PA) for the LF 140. No significant differences for remaining thrombus within the tubes were found.

CONCLUSIONS
Simultaneous rt-PA-enhanced hydrodynamic thrombectomy is feasible in vitro. This combination reduces the time for thrombectomy and procedure-related peripheral particle embolization for the LF 140. No effect could be demonstrated for the triple HL in an in vitro flow model. It remains unclear whether this procedure is effective in vivo. It seems likely that the incidence of fibrinolysis-associated complications may increase in vivo.


Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is closely related to the abnormal expression of genes. Familial acute myelogenous leukemia related factor (FAMLF; GenBank accession No. EF413001.1) is a novel gene that was cloned by our research group, and miR-181b is located in the intron of the FAMLF gene. To verify the role of miR-181b and FAMLF in BL, RNAhybrid software was used to predict target site of miR-181b on FAMLF and real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to detect expression of miR-181b and FAMLF in BL patients, Raji cells and unaffected individuals. miR-181b was then transfected into Raji and CA46 cell lines and FAMLF expression was examined by RQ-PCR and western blotting. Further, Raji cells viability and proliferation were detected by MTT and clone formation, and Raji cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that miR-181b can bind to bases 21–42 of the FAMLF 5′ untranslated region (UTR), FAMLF was highly expressed and miR-181b was lowly expressed in BL patients compared with unaffected individuals. FAMLF expression was significantly and inversely correlated to miR-181b expression, and miR-181b negatively regulated FAMLF at posttranscriptional and translational levels. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay identified that the 5′ UTR of FAMLF mRNA contained putative binding sites for miR-181b. Down-regulation of FAMLF by miR-181b arrested cell cycle, inhibited cell viability and proliferation in a BL cell line model. Our findings explain a new mechanism of BL pathogenesis and may also have implications in the therapy of FAMLF-overexpressing BL.


Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a crucial position in fruit ripening and softening. Herein, we identified 18 XTHs and 45 PGs designated PavXTH1-18 and PavPG1-45 based on their locations in the genome of sweet cherry. We provided a systematical overview of PavXTHs and PavPGs, including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and expression profiling of these genes. The results showed that PavXTH14, PavXTH15 and PavPG38 were most likely to participated in fruit softening owing to the substantial increment in expression during fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, the phytohormone ABA, MeJA, and ethephon significantly elevated the expression of PavPG38 and PavXTH15, and thus promoted fruit softening. Importantly, transient expression PavXTH14, PavXTH15 and PavPG38 in cherry fruits significantly reduced the fruit firmness, and the content of various cell wall components including hemicellulose and pectin significantly changed correspondingly in the transgenic fruit. Taken together, these results present an extensive analysis of XTHs and PGs in sweet cherry and provide potential targets for breeding softening-resistant sweet cherry cultivars via manipulating cell wall-associated genes.


What must we do to achieve a sustainable society? There is no one answer. The first steps towards sustainability cover a whole spectrum of economic, social and environmental issues.

In this volume Australian leaders from a wide range of fields discuss the key issues we must address if we are to move towards a more just and sustainable future. They identify the major concerns and challenges for achieving sustainability in the areas of: human health, water resources, land use and natural ecosystems, energy, equity and peace, economic systems, climate change, labour forces and work, urban design and transport, and population.

Achieving sustainability will require major changes in our current approaches. The thought-provoking chapters in this book provide a solid introduction to the issues in the search for a genuine path to sustainability.


Mechanisms of host plant resistance against insect pests can be manifold. Resistance screenings generally use single target insect pests, but the resistance thus screened may not always be specific to the target insect species. We conducted a test for non‐specific resistance in indica rice varieties with resistance genes against brown planthopper (BPH), by using the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The test system was very simple, and only required the non‐pest moth to be reared on rice flour. We compared the survival rate, developmental period and adult weight of the moth on three rice varieties: 'Nipponbare', a BPH‐susceptible japonica variety, and 'Thai Collection 11' and 'Pokkali', two resistant indica varieties. Our results were straightforward and demonstrate that resistance in the two resistant rice varieties is not BPH specific, because development of the moth was retarded and adult body weight was reduced.


Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is one of  the selected trees as plantation forest in Indonesia. The constrain of jabon plantation is various species of insects which become the pests.  Therefore, this research was aimed to discover the damage level of jabon plantation the consequence of the pest attack on jabon forest in Negararatu II village, Natar district of South Lampung.  This study was conducted from July to September 2015. The sampling method is systematically multiple plot. The plot size is 20 m x 20 m and distance of each plots is 10 m, hence the amount of the plots are 18. The result showed there were some insects species wich become the pest of jabon such as bagworm (Mahasena corbetti), grasshopper (Locusta migratoria), leafhoppe r (Bothrogonia sp.), and stem borer ( Zeuzera sp. ) that inflict  damage  level about  30,4% – 62,4%. Keywords: damage level, jabon, pest


There has been increasing interest in the medicinal use of cannabidiol (CBD) for a wide variety of health conditions. CBD is one of more than 80 chemicals identified in the Cannabis sativa plant, otherwise known as marijuana or hemp. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive ingredient found in marijuana that produces a "high." CBD, which is one of the most abundant cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa, does not produce any psychotomimetic effects. The strongest scientific evidence supporting CBD for medicinal purposes is for its effectiveness in treating certain childhood epilepsy syndromes that typically do not respond to antiseizure medications. Currently, the only FDA-approved CBD product is a prescription oil cannabidiol (brand name: Epidiolex) for treating 2 types of epilepsy. Aside from Epidiolex, state laws governing the use of CBD vary. CBD is being studied as a treatment for a wide range of psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, dystonia, insomnia, and anxiety. Research supporting CBD's benefits is limited, and the US National Library of Medicine's MedlinePlus indicates there is "insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness" for these indications.1 Despite having been legalized for medicinal use in many states, CBD is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Because of this classification, little has been done to regulate and oversee the sale of products containing CBD. In a 2017 study of 84 CBD products sold by 31 companies online, Bonn-Miller et al2 found that nearly 70% percent of products were inaccurately labeled. In this study, blind testing found that only approximately 31% of products contained within 10% of the amount of CBD that was listed on the label. These researchers also found that some products contained components not listed on the label, including THC.2 The relationship between cannabis and psychosis or psychotic symptoms has been investigated for decades. Some recent studies that examined the effects of CBD on psychosis found that individuals who use CBD may experience fewer positive psychotic symptoms compared with placebo. This raises the question of whether CBD may have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. One of the first studies on this issue was conducted by Leweke et al,3 who compared oral CBD, up to 800 mg/d, with the antipsychotic amisulpride, up to 800 mg/d, in 39 patients with an acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. Amisulpride is used outside the United States to treat psychosis, but is FDAapproved only as an antiemetic. Patients were treated for 4 weeks. By Day 28, there was a significant reduction in positive symptoms as measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), with Cannabidiol for psychosis: A review of 4 studies


Context dependent access is becoming the most relevant means of retrieving information from both the traditional and mobile Web. The user, location, device and time can be regarded as dimensions of the context. For example, in industrial maintenance situations a maintenance crew onsite needs step-by-step instructions for their devices. Time is a fundamental parameter because the maintenance procedure descriptions can depend on the service intervals of the technical object. For example, if time t1 < t t2 then document group Dg1 = (d1, d2, d3) will be delivered to the user. If t2 t t3, then the deliverable document assembly may be Dg2 = (d1, d4, d5). The problem is how to connect the right document groups with associated time contexts. Other examples of time-sensitive Web applications are time-based project management and communication in distributed environments, time-sensitive filters for Web-based news services, composing and presenting training resources from a time-based point of view. In this thesis an XLinkTime model for time-sensitive linking structures is introduced. It is demonstrated in this thesis that XLink's (XML Linking Language) multiple linking, link traversal rules and linkbases with a timerule namespace extension can be used to realize time-sensitive linking structures in professional Web-based applications. Proof-of-concept implementations have been carried out in two application domains: project management and usage of technical manuals.


Attempts have been made to develop new types of seismic devices using shape memory alloys. They are a single-stage bellows which are processed from thin-walled tubes by employing the rubber bulge method and then are annealed at 400°C for the shape-memory treatment. As strain distribution is induced on the bulged part due to the process, it is significant to know the effects of pre-strain and the subsequent heat-treatment on the mechanical properties of the material for tube when designing the bellows shapes for the seismic structures. Thus, tensile tests and thermal analysis were conducted before and after the heat treatment on rectangular specimens cut from the tubes. In this paper, the oxidization method was first attempted to observe distinctively both regions of the stress induced martensite (SIM) transformation and twin deformation generated while applying strain to the specimens. It became clear that the micro-structure in the SIM area had a changed R phase from the austenite phase at room temperature after being annealed at 400°C. From the experimental and analytical results for the specimens, the mechanical behavior was classified broadly into two conditions as follows: (1) the mechanical behavior can be formulated on the basis of a series-model consisting of areas of both R phase and austenite considering the area-ratio of these phases until the SIM transformation has expanded over the whole specimen, and (2) after that, the mechanical behavior can be formulated using the exponential function for the applied strain as a parameter.


In this study, low angle monopulse DF error due to multipath is dealt with using even difference pattern in a monopulse system. It is shown that the complex angle processing based on this approach has a potential to solve the problem. The multipath problem is modelled using both the specular and the diffuse scattering, while the random nature of the latter is also taken into account.


This study was undertaken to determine the value of the clearing technique and multilevel sectioning of lymph nodes to aid in optimally examining axillary dissections for lymph node metastases. One hundred consecutive mastectomy specimens with axillary dissections were initially examined by our routine technique: examination of fat for lymph nodes by inspection and palpation and examination of one microsection from each lymph node. The remaining axillary tissue was then cleared using the technique of Durkin and Haagensen and each of the originally examined lymph nodes was resectioned at two additional deeper levels. In our routine examination, 2203 lymph nodes were found with 211 lymph nodes containing metastatic tumor. Clearing disclosed 412 additional lymph nodes, of which 17 contained metastatic tumor. The two additional microsections of lymph nodes revealed tumor in only two lymph nodes which were initially free of tumor. The extended study of the axilla did not add significantly to our routine examination.


Abstract This article argues that it is frequency and usage effects, arising in particular contexts and constructions, that lead to the emergence of new semantic and syntactic properties in expressions that become discourse markers (DMs). These changes, it is argued, are comparable to those that take place in the development of other grammaticalizing linguistic items. DMs are taken to be sentence adverbials that express discourse-relational predications. Data from the histories of two English DMs, 'instead' and 'rather', are examined. These contrastive DMs are often interchangeable in present-day English but have very different origins, 'instead' deriving from the phrase 'in (the) stead of NP', and 'rather' from the comparative VP-adverb rather, meaning 'sooner' or 'faster'. In each of the two cases, there is seen to be increased type frequency (with context expansion) and reanalysis (wider scope). The diachronic evidence supports the idea that the reanalysis resulted from wider interpretation, not from prior change in word order. As DMs, both 'instead' and 'rather' become associated with high informational salience. Both undergo functional split, leading to new polysemies. Insofar as the newer, DM senses are closer to the grammatical end of the lexical-grammatical cline, the expressions can be said to have grammaticalized. There is no evidence that any qualitatively special changes are involved in the emergence of the DM uses, compared with the developments of the other polysemies of the expressions.


The aim of this paper is to uncover the researchers in machine learning using author-topic model (ATM). We collect 16,855 scientific papers from six top journals in the field of machine learning published from 1997 to 2016 and analyze them using ATM. The dataset is broken down into 4 intervals to identify the top researchers and find similar researchers using their similarity score. The similarity score is calculated using Hellinger distance. The researchers are plotted using t-SNE, which reduces the dimensionality of the data while keeping the same distance between the points. The analysis of our study helps the upcoming researchers to find the top researchers in their area of interest.


Physiotherapeutic treatment using passive and active
exercise was used to study changes in cardiac axis deviation and
ventricular dimension in both clinical cardiac patients and
nomal healthy people. These changes appeared to be
significantly different between these two groups of people
suggesting a simple diagnostic method by which to identify
clinical cases. Since different types of ·physiotherapeutic
exercise result in different changes in the cardiac axis
deviation and in ventricular dimension it can also be used to
guide and evaluate the progress of cardiac patients undergoing
physiotherapeutic programs.
Tests were made on 27 normal subjects as a controlled group
and 50 cardiac patients as the examined experimental group. The
results showed that the cardiac axis deviation in normal people
changes consistently and usually between 60 and 70 degrees.
Coronary patients showed relative changes of between +10 and -40
degrees and rheumatic heart disease patients showed changes of
between +30 and +140 degrees. Passive exercise caused left axis
deviation in both normal people and cardiac patients but the
effect was greater in patients. Active exercise caused right
axis deviation in nromal people but left axis deviation in
cardiac patients.
Right ventricular dimension decreased in both passive and
active exercise in normal people and cardiac patients but much
more in the patients. Left ventricular dimension decreased in
normal people and increased in cardiac patients in both types of
exercises.
The important application of this work is the design and
evaluation of appropriate therapeutic procedures for individual
cardiac patients undergoing treatment in physical therapy
departments. An important advantage is to be able to select
between passive and active therapeutic exercise routines in the
earliest stages of cardiac malfunction. Passive routines can be
used so much more safely on severe cardiac cases and yet can be
seen to give circulatory training to the cardiovascular system.
This work also shows the need to train physical therapists to use
electrocardiography and echocardiography in their evaluation of
physiotherapeutic programs for cardiac patients.


With the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an increasing interest in the sequelae and care in recovered patients. Although the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are still unknown, recently published reports suggest that some of the patients have persistent symptoms and show radiologic abnormalities after discharge. Herein, we present cases of four patients with previous COVID-19 infection manifesting pulmonary sequelae, including pulmonary fibrosis or organizing pneumonia pattern with persistent dyspnea after recovery.


Sophiology has come to the fore over the past century due in large part to the Russian sophiologists and the rise of feminist hermeneutics. Nevertheless, sophiology remains suspect in many circles due to a lack of clarity as to the status Sophia, on the one hand, and a resistance to it due to its challenge to 'traditional' images of God as male, on the other hand. This article takes the theological ambiguities surrounding the ontological status of Sophia, the Wisdom of God, as a context for approaching a systematic clarification that may assist a broader reception of sophiology into mainstream theology.


ABSTRACT PUNTA RIZKY. C0514048. 2018. Harian Rakjat Newspaper as a Politic Campaign of Communist Indonesia Party for 1951-1955. Thesis: History Study Program of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University. This research was conducted with the aims to know about: (1) the beginning of Harian Rakjat Newspaper, (2) the development of Harian Rakjat Newspaper in 1951-1995, (3) the mission party in Harian Rakjat Newspaper in 1951-1955. This research uses historical research methods, including: Heuristic in the form of Harian Rakjat newspaper archive documentation and the election invitation, as well as using reference books. The next is Source Criticism of internal or eksternal sources, Interpretation, and Historiography. The result on this research showed that the role of Harian Rakjat Newspaper is very important for development Communist Indonesia Party for 1951-1955. Role figures like D.N. Aidit, M.H. Lukman and Njoto gives positive energy to the Harian Rakjat Newspaper until the Indonesian Elections had been implemented. Communist Indonesia Party had been success to reach the people's votes in the elections for 1955 thought Harian Rakjat Newspaper and Communist Indonesia Party got the fourth rank on the elections. Earned votes from the Parliament as much as 6.176.914 and the Constituent Assembly as much as 6.232.512. Not only about the role of party, the other factor is editorial board bringing the conflict news as a controversial affair and it is automatic bring the people's interested to read Harian Rakjat Newspaper. The conflict news usually adressed to the goverment or the other party that following the elections for 1955 likes, PNI, MASJUMI, and NU. The conclusion on this research is Role of Harian Rakjat Newspaper as a Politic Campaign of Communist Indonesia Party give positive impact for the party until the elections was implemented and got satisfactory result either in the elections of Parliament or Constituent Assembly, equally occupying the fourth position after three major parties, PNI, MASJUMI, and NU. Changes after the implementation of the elections some member of party was entered to the government system in Sukarno era. Keywords: Harian Rakjat Newspaper, Communist Indonesia Party, Indonesian Elections.


The Health and Wellness Center (HWC), located in Joliet, Illinois, is a nurse-managed universally accessible primary health care center funded by a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration. The goals of the HWC are to improve access to quality primary health care services for all patients, including those who are uninsured and underserved, and to develop and implement a model of nurse-managed primary health care that integrates both physical and mental health assessment and treatment. After 5 years of developing and using this model, it is clear that integration requires strategic supports from the financial, political, and professional sectors to be considered a cost-effective model of health care delivery. Recommendations for policy and practice change are offered based on the author's experiences of providing integrated health care at the HWC and the health care industry's responses to uninsured or underinsured patients' needs.


Migration of biliary stent occurs in 5–10% of cases. However, proximal migration of pigtail stents is rare. Retrieval of these stents can be challenging and requires utilisation of various endoscopic grasping devices. With increasing use of ERCP and biliary stents this is being encountered more frequently. Most stents can be retrieved with conventional grasping devices like stent grabbers or biopsy forceps. However, some case may require the use of novel through the cholangioscope devices. We present a 37-year-old lady who presented with choledocholithiasis and 4 conventional ERCPs were not successful in clearing the CBD stones. At spy glass cholangiscopy we discovered a proximally migrated biliary stent. This video demonstrates a novel technique to retrieve the migrated biliary stent.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy for patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore the factors influencing the clinical efficacy.

METHODS
According to therapeutic regimen, 66 patients with EBV-positive DLBCL were divided into two groups: CHOP group (32 cases) and R-CHOP group (CHOP+ rituximab, 34 cases). The clinical efficacy and the incidence of complication were compared between two groups. The clinical risk factors for the clinical efficacy in patients with EBV-positive DLBCL were confirmed by multivariate Logistic analysis.

RESULTS
Compared with CHOP group, the complete remission rate, partial remission rate and the overall effective rate in R-CHOP group all were high (P<0.05), moreover the disease progression rate in R-CHOP group were low (P<0.05). The occurrences rate of myelotoxicity, hepatic injury and gastrointestinal reaction were not statistically significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the Ann Arbor staging, IPI risk score and Ki-67 positive rate were independent risk factors for the clinical efficacy in patients with EBV-positive DLBCL (OR=2.689, P=0.038; OR=3.232, P=0.025; OR=2.919, P=0.023).

CONCLUSION
The clinical efficacy and safety of the therapy with rituximab on the patients with EBV-positive DLBCL are better. The poor Ann Arbor stage, high IPI risk score and the Ki-67 positive rate are factors affecting the clinical efficacy for the patients with EBV-positive DLBCL.


The global increase in obesity has led to a redoubling of efforts directed at understanding the control of energy homeostasis. Insight into the mechanisms which govern appetite regulation is central to understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and the design of effective therapeutic interventions. Exploitation of hormonal satiety signals secreted by the gut requires greater insight into their interaction with central nervous system (CNS) circuits of appetite control. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a novel technique, recently adapted to investigate the effects of gut peptides on CNS appetite circuits. Using manganese ion accumulation as a marker of neuronal activity, changes in signal intensity in key appetite centres within the hypothalamus following peripheral injection of gut hormones have been demonstrated. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging offers several advantages over methodologies currently used for the study of gut hormone interactions with the CNS and has the potential for application in fields beyond appetite regulation.


The sociocultural forms of accra, whose population is now an estimated 2.5 million people, grew form interactions with Europeans from the fifteenth century onward. By the end of the seventeenth century, there were three major European trading outposts on the coast—Ussher Fort (Dutch), James Fort (British), and Christiansborg Castle (Danish). Each European post imparted a particular character to its neighborhood and, more importantly, triggered specific dynamics of social struggle both between the locals and the Europeans and within each local group. Traces of the European influence can also be discerned in some of the street names—Bannerman Road, Hansen Road, Bruce Road, Lokko Road, Rev Richter Road, Joel Sonne Street—which evoke the Euro-African families that formed the earliest local elites. The postmodern maxims that reality is a product of language and that language is essentially unstable and contradictory are by now standard views in critical theory. But I sometimes wonder what conclusion the postmodernists would have come to if for their reflections they had taken not the history of Western philosophy but rather the evolution of the polyglot and hybrid forms of language, ideas, society, and culture that are abundant in the non-Western societies that make up the bulk of the world's population. Accra might have provided a rich site for such reflections.


An analysis of the hysterezis motor with anisotropic rotor has been carried out. Using an elliptical approximation for the hysteresis loop, the expression of the magnetic vector potential in the anisotropic region of the rotor has been obtained both in the case of a stator surface carrying a curent sheet with sinusoidal variation, and in the case of a rotor surface at which the normal component of the flux density has a sinusoidal variation. The relationships established allow to study the dependence of the electromagnetic torque upon the thickness of the anisotropic region made of hysteresis material, the characteristics of the hysteresis material and the degree of anisotropy. The rotor parameters have been studied and an equivalent circuit has been derived in the case of a three-phase motor.


Presently, radiotherapy is rarely an upfront treatment in patients with lymphomas. The modern evolution of radiation treatment calls for the development of therapeutic niches in which radiotherapy remains absolutely necessary. The development of new imaging techniques and their use in radiation planning systems along with new sophisticated radiation delivery techniques such as IMRT and respiratory gating should permit an increased accuracy an increased accuracy in the treatment of tumor masses and a decrease in late normal tissue complications.


Detailed doping dependence of the electronic specific heat coefficient γ is studied for La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) single crystals in the slightly-doped regime. We find that γ systematically increases with doping, and furthermore, even for the samples in the antiferromagnetic (AF) regime, γ already acquires finite value and grows with x. This suggests that finite electronic density of states (DOS) is created in the AF regime where the transport shows strong localization at low temperatures, and this means the system is not a real insulator with a clear gap even though it still keeps long range AF order.


The relationships between various normalized higher-order concentration moments have been investigated using a large data set of concentration fluctuations obtained in a boundarylayer water channel with high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence. This data set corresponds to a series of comprehensive measurements of plume dispersion in a number of obstacle arrays (e.g., various arrays of cubical and non-cubical obstacles in aligned and staggered arrangements with uniform and random heights). A remarkably robust feature of all the concentration data was the observed collapse, of the thirdand fourth-order normalized concentration moments on the second-order normalized concentration moment and of the concentration kurtosis on the concentration skewness, to a series of "universal" curves. These "universal" curves were identical to those observed previously for open-terrain plumes, and are well modeled using either a clipped-gamma probability density function (PDF) or the simpler intermittent exponential PDF for the concentration. A comparison of the shape of the model probability distributions to the measured concentration data at various plume locations showed that the clipped-gamma distribution provided a good representation for the general distribution shape, whereas the simpler intermittent exponential distribution yielded a poor conformance to the measured concentration probability distribution (in spite of the fact that both of the model distributions gave a good representation for the first four concentration moments). The implication of the form of the concentration PDF, for the formulation of a probabilistic model for the response of a chemical agent detector, is investigated in the context of the source reconstruction problem. DRDC Suffield TR 2008-077 i


The authors describe horizontal skin excision and vertical midline skin excision with case reports of vertical skin excision in difficult revision rhinoplasty cases. 1 The results of the cases are exceptional, and such results could probably not have been achieved without the direct skin excision. Dermabrasion was described in three of the four examples presented. See also p 542. The concept of horizontal dorsal skin excision has been around a long time and has been the target of some misunderstanding. It should be understood that horizontal dorsal skin excision alone will not have much of a lasting effect in lifting a drooping nose, either as a primary or as a secondary sole rhinoplastic maneuver. It is only when the skeletal elements have been properly readjusted and the skin has been undermined that skin excision will have a significant effect. Personal experience with three cases of secondary rhinoplasty (performed in aging


BackgroundVancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in critically ill patients for various indications. Critical illness imposes pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics challenges which makes optimizing vancomycin in this population cumbersome. Data are scarce on the clinical impact of time to therapeutic trough levels of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Objective (s)The aim of this study to evaluate the timing to achieve therapeutic trough level vancomycin on 30-day mortality in critically ill patients.SettingAdult critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018 at a tertiary teaching hospital.MethodA retrospective cohort study for all adult critically ill patients aged 18 years or older with confirmed gram-positive infection and received vancomycin. We compared early (<48 hours) versus late (≥ 48 hours) attainment of vancomycin therapeutic trough levels. Main outcomesPrimary outcome was the 30-day mortality in critically ill patients. Secondary outcomes were development of resistant organisms, eradicating microorganisms within 4-5 days of vancomycin initiation, vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), and ICU LOS. ResultsTwo hundred and nine patients were included. No significant differences between comparative groups in baseline characteristics. Achieving therapeutic levels were associated with better survival at 30 days (OR: 0.48; 95% CI [0.26-0.87]; p<0.01). Additionally, patients who achieved therapeutic levels of vancomycin early were less likely to develop resistant organisms (OR=0.08; 95% CI [0.01-0.59]; p=0.01). Acute kidney injury (AKI) and ICU length of stay (LOS) were not significant between the two groups.ConclusionEarly attainment of vancomycin therapeutic levels was associated with possible survival benefit.


This study investigates the variation in oral proficiency demonstrated by 14 Air Traffic Controllers across two types of testing tasks: work-related radio telephony-based tasks and non-specific English tasks on aviation topics. Their performance was compared statistically in terms of level ratings on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) scale. The results demonstrate significant differences in the performance of the test-takers across task types, differences that were not fully predictable across subjects. The differences between general English proficiency and specific purpose proficiency were even greater than those we would expect for other LSP situations. We discuss the implications of these findings for fairly and safely assessing Aviation English using ICAO standards in a politicized context.


By means of mounting the specimen on a low-impedance buffer, reshock experiments were carried out on a 2A12 aluminum alloy up to shock stresses of 67.6 GPa. Reshock wave profiles from the initial shock stresses of 60.9–67.6 GPa were measured with a velocity interferometer, and it shows that the 2A12 aluminum alloy characterizes as quasi-elastic response during recompression process. The Lagrange longitudinal velocities along the reloading path from initial shock state were obtained from two shots of experiments, while the bulk velocities at corresponding shock stresses were determined via extrapolating from the public reported unloading plastic sound velocities. Combining the reshock and the release experimental results, the yield strength of 2A12 aluminum alloy at shock stress of 60.9 GPa was estimated to be about 1.7 GPa.


Using the parametrized entangled state representations we have found a generalized Hankel transformation with the integral kernel being a combination of Bessel functions. This generalized Hankel transformation corresponds to the appropriate quantum mechanical representation transformation.


Steam generators are very complex class of pressure vessels. It contains many accessories for the generation of required steam quality. The prime motto of industrial steam generator is to generate steam at medium pressure (MP), low pressure (LP) steam at required pressure temperature and quantity for the process industry like sugar, paper, jute and chemical industries. LP and MP steam after expansion in the turbine from super saturation is utilized by process industry. In the present work Air Preheater, one of the accessories of the steam generator is analysed. Air preheaters make a considerable contribution to the improved overall efficiency of fossil-fuel-fired power plants. In this study, a theoretical design of Recuperative Primary Air preheater with In-line tube arrangement and a combination of fluid dynamics analysis with theoretical value. The model enables heat transfer of the flue-gas flow through the air preheater as well as the tubular heat transfer and the resulting temperature distribution in the matrix of the preheater. The present work is carried in Mysore Paper Mills (MPM) Bhadravathi, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis of recuperative air preheater is carried out using ANSYS CFX-12.1.The analysis of flue gas flow phenomenon and air flow phenomenon are discussed using Laminar model, k-e model, k-ω model and SST model. The parameters like temperature distribution, heat flux, pressure drop, velocity, are also discussed. An increase of 2.7% in boiler efficiency was found out with incorporation of this design, their by an increase in the air inlet temperature of about 60℃ is been observed.


A simulation study on the wind field resolution in computer load simulations has been conducted, both in transversal/vertical and longitudinal direction, to determine the effect on blade fatigue loading. Increasing the transversal/vertical resolution decreased the loading significantly, while only small changes to the load, at very low frequencies were found for increased longitudinal resolution. Next the influence of the tower shadow for a downwind mounted rotor was investigated, with respect to blade fatigue loading. The influence of different components to the total tower shadow effect was studied, both for a monopile and a truss tower, latter at inclination 0 and 22.5 degrees with respect to the incoming wind direction. Four components were considered, both individually and in combinations: mean wind speed, mean velocity deficit, unsteady motions from vortex shedding, and turbulence. The mean velocity deficit and turbulence were the main contributors to blade fatigue loading, and the unsteady motions can be neglected for the truss tower. For the monopile, neglecting the unsteady motions resulted in an underestimation of fatigue loading in the order of 3 percent.


Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) optimizes the resource utilization in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) over time and space nowadays. But the lack of standard tools and interface makes the extensive application of DPR rather difficult. With the open source Linux widely used in the Xilinx Zynq, users' demand for the reconfiguration becomes urgent. Linux-based dynamic partial reconfiguration system(LDPRS), combining the unified multi
-thread programming model of software tasks and hardware tasks with FPGA dynamic partial reconfiguration, provides reliable and perfect reconfiguration system services. LDPRS supplies Linux standard reconfiguration programming interface and service of dynamic loading bitstreams. In the experiment, reconfiguration system is applied in the reconfigurable computing and the results show that FPGA reconfiguration design based on LDPRS has a short development period and high flexibility, supporting the dynamic loading bitstreams. This system efficiently solves the problem of the lack of standard reconfiguration development tools under LINUX, increasing the development flexibility of reconfiguration design and decreasing the difficulty and time in development.


We describe how to calculate the sizes of all giant connected components of a directed graph, including the strongly connected one. In particular, the World Wide Web is a directed network. The results are obtained for graphs with statistically uncorrelated vertices and an arbitrary joint in and out-degree distribution P(k(i),k(o)). We show that if P(k(i),k(o)) does not factorize, the relative size of the giant strongly connected component deviates from the product of the relative sizes of the giant in- and out-components. The calculations of the relative sizes of all the giant components are demonstrated using the simplest examples. We explain that the giant strongly connected component may be less resilient to random damage than the giant weakly connected one.


This study describes the injuries of drivers discharged from Level-I Trauma Centers between 1995-1997. Differences in the drivers' injuries and outcomes by airbag deployment status and gender were evaluated using Chi 2 and T-tests. Data on 1,065 drivers (66 with airbags, 423 females) were obtained from the Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicle and Trauma Registries. Once admitted to trauma centers, drivers with airbags did not differ from drivers without airbags regarding the number, type, clustering, severity or outcome of their injuries. The only exception was that female drivers sustained more fractures to the upper extremities and less injuries to blood vessels and certain traumatic complications (p < 0.05).


Objective: The aim of this article is to analyze the epidemiology of COVID-19, comparison of routes of transmission in children and adults, comparing the clinical symptoms in adults and children, treatment protocol to be followed and possible treatment options during this pandemic. Data Sources: Data is collected from Pubmed, Medline and Embase databases. Discussion from Previous References Used: Few studies have been done to analyze its effect on children comparing the symptoms of adults and children. Also very less work is done to analyze the special precautions taken while doing dental treatment during this pandemic. Conclusion: The widespread effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) or SARS-CoV-2 has created health concerns in the world. Although efforts have been taken to control the disease, it is still increasing due to the community spread. Health professionals may get patients in their practice with this infection and should prevent its spread. Clinical Significance of this Article: It will help us to differentiate the specific clinical symptoms of adult and pediatric patients coming to dental clinics and the special considerations for them including the emergency dental treatment during COVID-19. Review Article Bhardwaj et al.; JPRI, 32(10): 70-76, 2020; Article no.JPRI.58090 71


A 3-year-old boy with a diffuse opacity of the left hemithorax was suffering from plastic bronchitis. A cast mainly consisting of eosinophils was removed from the left bronchial tree.


The given article is about the problem of the translation of medical terminology into Russian. We give the classification of modern Russian medical terminology from the point of etymology, and there is the comparative-contrastive analysis of the given medical terms. Such method of translation as loan translation is described in detail, and the reasonability of its usage during the translation of medical terminology from English into the Russian language is analyzed.


In Reply.— We thank Michaels and Cameron for their interesting letters in which they made a very important distinction in the role of somatostatin and somatostatin analogues in the treatment of diabetic diarrhea as used in our article. 1 We humbly accept the correction for using somatostatin and the somatostain analogue, octreotide, interchangeably in our article. Micheals and Cameron are correct in stating that Tsai et al 2 used the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, at a dose of 50 to 75 μg (not milligrams) by subcutaneous injection twice a day. We also point out an error in the dose of clonidine as quoted in our article. Clonidine is used at an average daily dose of 0.1 mg (not 1 mg). We apologize for the typographical error.


Background: Violence among women is associated with poor psychological health and increased internalizing symptoms, such as depression, stress, and anxiety. The primary objective was to evaluate the association of marital conflict, pregnancy status, socioeconomic status, and stressful life events with violence, depression, anxiety, and stress. The secondary objective was to evaluate the mediating effect of violence on psychological distress.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 women between June 8 and August 1, 2020. The questionnaire was developed on Google Forms and distributed online, using the snowball technique. Results: Higher marital conflict (Beta=0.159), financial difficulties (Beta=2.572), a history of child abuse (Beta=2.546), and higher violence scores (Beta=0.121) were significantly associated with higher depression scores. Higher marital conflict (Beta=0.358) and having financial difficulties (Beta=3.859) were significantly associated with higher anxiety scores. Higher marital conflict (Beta=0.070) and financial difficulties (Beta=1.483) were significantly associated with higher perceived stress scores. Composite abuse scale partially mediated the association between pregnancy status (25.28%), financial difficulties (7.71%), history of child abuse (21.92%), abuse by a family member (50.50%), and anxiety scale. Also, the composite abuse scale partially mediated the association between marital conflict (21.42%), financial difficulties (14.17%), history of child abuse (20.05%), abuse by a family member (33.57%), and depression scale. Conclusion: Our main findings suggest that violence mediated the association between pregnancy status, marital conflicts, financial difficulties, and depression and anxiety but did not mediate between these factors and stress. Further studies are needed to understand better the factors that mediate the relations between domestic violence and mental well-being among Lebanese women.


At the dawn of the nineteenth century numerous debates took place on the development of capita-list agriculture and the ways of making as much profit as possible from farm land. Until now this subject has hardly been examined and is unique in that it pertains to the economic history of agriculture, the history of agronomy and the history of managerial thinking. This article aims to highlight the usage of double-entry accounting for agronomic experiments in the first half of the nineteenth century, as well as the significance of the results and the way these were debated. Our aim is to present the authors' reasons and the role played by bookkeeping in the construction of economically rational knowledge and reasoning. Thus we will bring to light two mechanisms which are common to this accounting quantification drive: data tabulation and the inclusion of data in balance sheets, making it possible to compare inputs and outputs in production processes.


The article deals with the Women's Manual published in the 16th century in Spain. The Manual contains 145 recipes. The author of the article thinks that this receptary was intended for rich Spanish women and helped them to become proficient in the basics of cosmetology and medi-cine.


Kinetic Typography Rendering Engine contains Primitive Motion Library to convey the emotions. It wraps essential elements such as time, space and speed to express movement. Scrutinized primary movement is constituted as Primitive Motion Library and it is a way to kinetic typography properly. The main purpose of Primitive Motion Library substitutes the existing method to manufacture kinetic typography; such as using software and doing expert coding. To achieve this purpose, the thesis is separating the movement, classifying it systematically and developing Primitive Motion API which renders Kinetic typography.


Abstract : Spontaneous emission of an atom is not an immutable property of an atom but can be controlled by modification of the vacuum field fluctuations surrounding the atom. In fact, inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission of atoms both at microwave and optical frequencies have been demonstrated experimentally. It has, also, been demonstrated that spontaneous emission from GaAs quantum wells (QWs) is altered by embedding the QWs between AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Such an artificial modification of the spontaneous emission in semiconductor micro-structures is very important, particularly from device use point of view. We may, also expect enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission induced by tuning of emission wavelength of atoms or active materials embedded in fixed micro-cavities, instead of variation of micro-cavity structures. In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, controllable enhancement and inhibition of excitonic spontaneous emission by dc electric fields applied to a GaAs QW embedded in a pair of AlAs/AlGaAs DBRs.


Most of the published methods for estimating temperature history during heating/cooling/freezing solid food require data on thermal properties of the product and any relevant heat transfer coefficients. However, there are some difficulties of obtaining thermal data for use in industrial heating/cooling/freezing of food. In this paper the development of a new procedure for estimating the temperature history is briefly reviewed, a procedure which does not require the knowledge of thermal data of the food being heated/frozen. This procedure collects a series of time/temperature data at a point in the food in the early stages of heating/freezing, analyzes these data to predict the thermal parameters which are responsible for heat conduction, and predicts the time/temperature relationship for the remainder of the heating/cooling/freezing phases.