This paper presents an educational praxis of classroom assessment in curriculum and learning outcomes of "Introduction to Education", and constructs assessment tool and analyzes them based on the mathematical modeling, the former with Q Matrix and ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling), the latter mainly with Nagai's GSP (Grey S-P) Chart, RaschGSP Curve, GSM (Grey Structural Modeling) and MSM (Matrix Based Structure Modeling). It aims: (1) To use and implement numerical value as the code for processing data, (2) To analyze and diagnose based on raw numerical values, (3) To illustrate and explain in visual diagraph analysis. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that applying mathematical logic in educational research, and such tools are not in favor of the quantitative approach, rather claimed unique feature of math logic, in benefit to: (1) Interface qualitative contextual analysis and quantitative numerical characters as the whole, (2) Convert teaching-learning praxis into binary numerical data, (3) Address alternative interdisciplinary educational research.


With the development trends of multistatic spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), geosynchronous SAR (GEO SAR) employing several formation-flying small satellites also has great potential for remote sensing. The small satellites can cooperate to acquire multi-channel data for moving target detection and parameter estimation in strong clutters. However, multistatic GEO SAR has large satellite spacing and a curved trajectory, which induce the near-field effects and channels out of alignment, respectively, bringing about challenges for the spatial adaptive processing. These problems produce a high-order term in the multi-channel slant range model, making the traditional model and adaptive processing method invalid. In this paper, to meet the requirement of SAR focusing, we firstly derive a fourth-order slant range model and a third-order path difference model for multistatic GEO SAR. Secondly, based on the derived model, the principle of stationary phase and series reversion method are utilized to derive the spatial steering vector for a moving target, which is a basis of spatial adaptive processing in the range-Doppler domain. Thirdly, the time-domain match filtering is constructed based on the fourth-order slant range model to image the moving target. Additionally, the moving targets are detected in the image domain. The motion parameter is estimated by iteratively maximizing the output signal to clutter and noise ratio (SCNR) through the range of possible target velocities. Finally, considering that the GEO SAR is still in development, the computer simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and evaluate the performance.


We consider an additive Gaussian channel with additive Gaussian noise feedback. We first derive an upper bound on the n-block capacity (defined by Cover [1]). It is shown that this upper bound can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. With stationarity assumptions on Gaussian noise processes, we characterize the limit of the n-block upper bound and prove that this limit is the upper bound of the noisy feedback (shannon) capacity.


Despite the widespread use of exogenous insulin, morbidity and mortality caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) continue to place a significant burden on society, both in terms of human suffering and cost. The transplantation of vascularized pancreas, usually performed concurrently with renal transplantation, can cure type 1 DM, as shown by results in more than 15000 such transplants over about 30 years. Transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets, instead of the whole organ, however, offers an attractive alternative that minimizes surgery and its complications. Although islet transplantation initially met with only modest success (only about 9% insulin independence at 1 year posttransplant), recent changes in patient selection criteria, number and treatment of islets transplanted, and better immunosuppressive regimens dramatically improved the results; spawning widespread enthusiasm for islet transplantation. Despite this promise, organ/islet availability remains an important limitation to this technology. A solution to the problem of limited materials for transplantation may be in the use of stem/progenitor cells. This article reviews the background of the current enthusiasm for pancreatic islet cell transplantation, highlights future research trends in the field, and suggests that the new islet-related cellular therapies belong within the domain of transfusion medicine.


The unconventional Bahrah project aims to exploit the deep mid-cretaceous tight carbonate formation, which is prolifically hydrocarbon saturated, but with unsustainable productivity. Because of a challenging reservoir and large variations in heterogeneity, openhole horizontal wells with unique completion techniques were deployed with multistage acid fracturing within their lateral sections, with minimum rig time and a high degree of accuracy. From an operational standpoint, exploiting these limestone layers with this method means that more fracture initiation points can be achieved across the heterogeneous lateral and the size of the treatments is ideal for multiple applications in a shorter period, helping boost and sustain production.
 Due to the unconventional reservoir nature of this field, optimizing fracturing stages and perforation cluster placement distribution becomes key to the approach. A holistic acid-based fracturing service was introduced that integrated two components—a completion suite with fit-for-purpose swellable packers to segment the annulus coupled with sliding sleeve devices in the liner that deploy ball-drop isolation and perform each fracturing treatment to a newly exposed zone. The technology is based on distribution of intelligent packers along the lateral section to develop the fracturing stages. Intelligent packers and their ports are placed based on the formation's petrophysical and mechanical properties to increase the cumulative production in a shorter timeframe. Acid fracturing using an enhanced diverter-based technique is then employed for improved individual stage targeting.
 By combining these two processes into one continuous operation, the use of wireline for perforating and plug setting is eliminated, making the new multistage technology economical for these unconventional wells. Additionally, with coiled tubing-conveyed shift tools, the sleeve devices can be operated later in one run for any re-stimulation opportunity. The operator is forced to address the unique challenges of well operations, formation technical difficulties, high-stakes economics, and untapped potential from these layers. This has required an advanced and holistic fracturing technology, first of its kind in this field, to be applied. The completion and stimulation systems not only saved significant rig time to complete the well with long multilayer intervals, but also significantly helped reduce expenditures by standardizing design, simplifying the key operational stimulation complexity, enhancing system reliability. This well and completion design allowed for fracturing efficiency improving overall quality, health, safety, and environment performance for this project.
 To date, more than 300 treatment stages have been successfully pumped. As more treatments are executed and experience is gained, stimulation design is optimized and productivity target identification is improved, providing further value to the operator. Finally, the lessons learned from a project-management viewpoint are also examined, discussing streamlining operations and addressing stimulation development. The technical and operational learnings during this project can serve as a best practice in other fields where similar challenges are encountered.


An individual has a theory of mind (ToM) if he imputes mental states to himself and others and applies this system to make predictions about the behaviours of others. Findings of cognitive impairment could help us to understand faulty processing mechanisms in schizophrenia. The proposition is that individuals with schizophrenia may be unable to internalize adequately the points of view of others. We tested 27 schizophrenic patients (ICD; WHO). The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychopathology, and the three ToM tasks – first- and second-order false belief tasks and the mental verb extension task – were administered to each subject. Patients who perform well on the ToM first and second order stories do not show problems in the verb extension task. However, the mistakes made in the first and second order stories are also reflected in the verb extension task. The group having difficulties with the first-order story presented more problems in the mental verbs task than the group showing difficulties with the second-order story. This leads us to conclude that the impairments found on the first-order false belief task are more severe and profound than those on the second-order task, and such specific deficits are also seen in the organization of verbs of knowing. It would seem that some schizophrenic patients do not impute mental states to themselves and others, and therefore use the mental verbs wrongly.


In recent years, domestic counter-terrorism measures have reshaped the relationship between individual terrorist suspects and the state. Regional and international human rights frameworks regulating government behaviour during or after an emergency appear not to be a priority when set against national security concerns. The increasing reliance on diplomatic assurances and memoranda of understanding as means to fulfil the obligations stemming from the anti-torture norm is an illustration of this state approach. These agreements are not enforceable in law however they do form part of long established diplomatic practice. What distinguishes the pre and post 9/11 terrain however is not the use of these agreements per se. Rather, it is the growing use of these agreements as part of extradition or deportation proceedings or as part of irregular transfers such as extraordinary renditions in order to reduce state obligations under the human rights framework. The heavy reliance on these agreements by the United Kingdom, particularly after 9/11, illustrates aptly the changing approach towards national security.


This paper is a brief methodological note on the matching of Italian firms in the AIDA database with applicants at the European Patent Office from the PATSTAT database. The need to match data on patent applications with balance-sheet information stems from the importance of patent statistics as a source of information on the innovative performance of firms. Starting from recent efforts to match applicants in PATSTAT with firms in the Bureau van Dijk databases (ORBIS, AMADEUS, FAME), we added an improved cleaning routine to maximize exact matches, followed by an approximate matching based on multiple combination of similarity scores. Starting with 272,475 firms, we matched 49,369 EPO applications in the period 1977-2009. The matching covers 68 percent of EPO applications by Italian firms for the entire period and 89 percent for 2000-2009. Finally, we describe the time, sector, size, geographical location and technology distribution of the matched applications.


The emission spectrum of the hydrogen-fluorine flame has been studied with prism resolution in the fundamental, as well as in the first and second overtone regions. Flame temperatures of approximately 4000°K are estimated from the spectroscopic data, and although due to insufficient resolution and difficulties of self-absorption, it is not possible to determine whether there is equipartition of energy between vibrational and rotational modes of excitation. However, the present experiments, together with previous high resolution absorption studies, do permit new and improved values of the molecular constants to be determined, namely, B0=20.569 cm−1, α=0.751cm−1, D0=2.42×10−3 cm−1, v1=3961.31cm−1, and v2=7751.84 cm−1.


The Mayor of London plans to make London a National Park City, by increasing green infrastructure and its biodiversity, reflecting UK and EU targets. Urban areas are important habitat for wildlife, which is in alarming decline. Private gardens, which make up 24% of the capital and connect other habitats, are crucial to this agenda. Greening streets also benefits people, promoting health and wellbeing, improving the appearance and air quality of neighbourhoods, and reducing urban overheating and flood risk associated with climate change. To realise the full environmental potential of cities such as London, a new model for implementing policy and empowering communities is needed, as current initiatives prioritise new buildings and public greenspace.

"Rewild My Street" won the Imagine London as a National Park City international competition. Through architectural drawings and a spatial manifesto, it addresses the question 'How should a typical existing London residential street be adapted to improve biodiversity and provide a model for wider redevelopment of the capital?'. Co-created with The Pattern Project, the drawings aim to engage and inform. They are being collated in an open-access, web-based resource to inspire residents, designers and councils to transform their homes, gardens and streets - through actions that have a cumulative effect. This research-led, collaborative model of design practice embodies generosity by gifting a sustainable legacy to future generations and other species; offering delight through contact with nature; sharing architectural knowledge with the public and professionals; and enabling community participation in change.

The media response to the project demonstrates how sharing architectural drawings can capture the public imagination, fostering a desire to give back to our urban environments. The presentation proposes a scalable model for redeveloping London and other urban areas as biodiverse National Park Cities, arguing for the potential of generosity in architecture to tackle urgent environmental problems.


Preclinical technique curricula seldom provide training in those prerequisite skills that may facilitate performance in a large class of procedures. Instead, students typically progress from simple to increasingly difficult preparations and it is assumed that positive transfer occurs between them. Another strategy that may provide greater benefits is the leadup activity, which closely simulates the criterion tasks, but eliminates one or more complexities thought to interfere with prerequisite skill acquisition. This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of such a training program on performance in all projects of a freshman operative laboratory course. Twenty-six student volunteers participated in an eight-hour program that was largely self-instructional. Their performance was compared to that of a randomly selected control group with replacement at each observation. Raters were calibrated and blind to group affiliation of completed preparations. Analyses of covariance with PAT as the covariate indicated that the experimental group statistically significantly outperformed the control group on all but one preparation. It is concluded that the implementation of leadup activities at least for a freshman operative technique laboratory may be warranted.


The concentration fields calculated with three Gaussian models and one Lagrangian dispersion model are validated against a set of SF6 concentration data provided by the German environmental programme BWPLUS. The source was a pig fattening unit in fairly flat terrain. The results reveal that, in flat terrain with steady undisturbed flow, the use of Gauss models is still justified, whereas Lagrangian models should be used whenever the flow is modified by obstacles or topography.


The electronic and geometric structures of homocubylidenehomocubane (HC), trails- (1-methyl-2-homocubyliden)-1-methylhomocubane (DMHC) and trans-(1-tert-butyl-2-homocubyliden)-1-tert-butylhomocubane (DBHC) molecules have been investigated by B3LYP/6-311G* method. These results agree with X-ray results and show that the double bond of HC molecule has a planar structure, while the double bonds in DMHC and DBHC molecule are almost planar. The complexes (1:1 n complexes) of the molecules with Br 2 have been investigated by B3LYP/6-311+G* method and it is observed that the stable configurations have an axial structure. The electronic and the steric factors affecting the structure and the stability of the molecular complexes have been studied. It is observed that the DMHC...Br 2 complex is more stable than HC...Br 2 complex. The DBHC...Br 2 complex containing the bulky tert-butyl group has stability of sterically encumbered olefin-brom complex and it depends on the nature of 'cage' substituents on the double bond carbons. The bridged bromonium cation is the more stable cation among the cationic intermediates formed in the addition reaction of bromine to HC and the reaction occurs via this cation. The nucleophilic attack by bromide ion is not sterically prevented to HC-Br + bridged bromonium cation and as a result, normal 9, 9'-dibromide product is formed. The nucleophilic attack by bromide ion is sterically prevented to AD-Br + bridged bromonium cation.


In this paper we have introduced a testbed for interoperability basic call tests in next generation networks (NGN). This testbed can be used for two different solutions, one solution is used for evaluation of call servers interoperability and the other for evaluation of interoperability between the call server of a vendor and NGN equipments of the other vendors. Finally, we found out that most problems are related to implementation of NGN protocols. Inaccuracy in Megaco/H.248 and SIGTRAN implementation are of importance.


This paper explores the essential understanding and underlying perspectives of career implicit in EU career guidance policy in the twenty-first century, as well as the possible implications of these for the future mission of guidance. Career theories, models and concepts that serve career guidance are shaped on the twentieth-century industrial division of labour and now face a crisis due to the influence of globalization on working life. The transition to a knowledge-based society also challenges the traditional view of career: vocational and educational paths are no longer linear, predictable or stable. The analyses of EU policy documents and ethical declarations discussed here indicate that meanings of career are under reconstruction and that these documents fail to clarify the underlying meanings or perspectives on career contained therein. The essential meaning of career, as communicated through characterizations and dominating underlying perspectives in EU policy, puts greater emphasis on career guidance as being conducted on behalf of society, rather than the individual. Ethical tensions within the career guidance profession appear to have increased, and the profession is also challenged in its professionalization by contradictions and broadened areas, activities and functions.


Introduction Hazards of non-ionising electromagnetic radiation (EMF) and risks from occupational exposures to them have been an increased concern to the ILO in particular over the last three decades. The health implications of over exposure to EMF are well documented in the scientific literature, such as injuries caused by leakage from microwave ovens or radiofrequency, and in some countries acute health effects of EMF can be considered occupational injuries. On the other hand there is only very limited scientific evidence presently on the diseases possibly caused by EMF exposure in workers. The ILO uses various means of action to give governments and employers' and workers' organisations the necessary help in drawing up and implementing programmes for the control of workplace risk factors, including EMF, as international standards in the form of legal instruments, codes of practice, practical manuals, training materials and education and training and technical cooperation. The ILO has collaborated with the ICNIRP and the WHO in the development of several practical guides and reports, including: Occupational Hazards from Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation (ILO OSH Series No. 53), Protection of Workers From Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields (ILO OSH Series No. 69), Visual Display Units: Radiation Protection Guidance (ILO OSH Series No. 70), and Safety in the Use of Radiofrequency Dielectric Heaters and Sealers (ILO OSH Series No. 71). These tools provide guidance on workplace safety and health measures and procedures that will lead to higher standards of safety for all personnel engaged in the operation which gives rise to occupational exposure to non-ionising radiation. The ILO also collects information on good workplace practice on protection of workers against non-ionising radiation and on the identifications and recognition of diseases as occupational caused by non-ionising radiation and provides support for the applications of the relevant ILO instruments in member States.


Superconducting nanostructures in the form of square and hexagonal nets of conductors in an external magnetic field are theoretically investigated. The superconducting transition temperatures as functions of the field as well as the intricate patterns of the order parameter and current are determined using a minimization technique of the Ginzburg-Landau free-energy expression. Experimental results and the relationships with the tight-binding model of electrons on a lattice and with other problems are discussed.


ABSTRACT Many low-income women face precarious or low-quality employment, and studies show that low-quality maternal employment is linked with poorer outcomes for children. This study examines whether maternal multiple job holding, an understudied facet of employment quality, is associated with children's behavior in early childhood. Multiple job holding may affect parental time, well-being or income, all of which may influence child behavior. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N=2013), a longitudinal birth cohort study of low-income families, this study employs three methodological techniques – simple change, residualized change, and fixed effects models – to address selection bias and identify lower and upper bounds on the true association. Findings are suggestive of an association between maternal multiple job holding and child behavior problems, but the association is not robust across all methodological approaches. Although mothers with multiple jobs work longer hours on average than mothers with one job, analyses suggest that long work hours do not drive the observed associations between multiple job holding and child behavior.


Body Area Networks (BAN) is a key enabling technology in E-healthcare such as remote health monitoring. An important security issue during bootstrap phase of the BAN is to securely associate a group of sensor nodes to a patient, and generate necessary secret keys to protect the subsequent wireless communications. Due to the the ad hoc nature of the BAN and the extreme resource constraints of sensor devices, providing secure, fast, efficient and user-friendly secure sensor association is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a lightweight scheme for secure sensor association and key management in BAN. A group of sensor nodes, having no prior shared secrets before they meet, establish initial trust through \textit{group device pairing} (GDP), which is an authenticated group key agreement protocol where the legitimacy of each member node can be visually verified by a human. Various kinds of secret keys can be generated on demand after deployment. The GDP supports batch deployment of sensor nodes to save setup time, does not rely on any additional hardware devices, and is mostly based on symmetric key cryptography, while allowing batch node addition and revocation. We implemented GDP on a sensor network testbed and evaluated its performance. Experimental results show that that GDP indeed achieves the expected design goals.


Abstract Recent research suggests that the members of the 1897 Andrée balloon expedition could have survived if they had marched towards the depot at Seven Islands instead of the Cape Flora depot after the forced landing at 82°56'N 29°52'E, and furthermore, that they reasonably should have done so given what they knew about the ice drift in the area. This paper comprises an analysis of the expedition's depots based on a review of original sources, and the results elucidate Andrée's initial decision to march towards Cape Flora. The Seven Island depot was not yet laid when Andrée departed in his balloon, and the information he had at the time indicated that it was highly uncertain that depot could be laid at all. Moreover, he knew it might be difficult to find the depot even if it had been laid since no exact position for it could be determined in advance. If he arrived at the Seven Islands without being able to obtain supplies there, Andrée knew he would have to continue all the way to Nordenskiöld's old hut in Mossel Bay. Cape Flora, on the other hand, was certain to offer both supplies and shelter.


The electrophysiological characterisation of cultured neurons is of paramount importance for drug discovery, safety pharmacology and basic research in the neurosciences. Technologies offering low cost, low technical complexity and potential for scalability towards high-throughput electrophysiology on in vitro neurons would be advantageous, in particular for screening purposes. Here we describe a plastic culture substrate supporting low-complexity multi-unit loose-patch recording and stimulation of developing networks while retaining manufacturability compatible with low-cost and large-scale production. Our hybrid polydimethylsilane (PDMS)-on-polystyrene structures include chambers (6 mm in diameter) and microchannels (25 microm x 3.7 microm x 1 mm) serving as substrate-embedded recording pipettes. Somas are plated and retained in the chambers due to geometrical constraints and their processes grow along the microchannels, effectively establishing a loose-patch configuration without human intervention. We demonstrate that off-the-shelf voltage-clamp, current-clamp and extracellular amplifiers can be used to record and stimulate multi-unit activity with the aid of our dishes. Spikes up to 50 pA in voltage-clamp and 300 microV in current-clamp modes are recorded in sparse and bursting activity patterns characteristic of 1 week-old hippocampal cultures. Moreover, spike sorting employing principal component analysis (PCA) confirms that single microchannels support the recording of multiple neurons. Overall, this work suggests a strategy to endow conventional culture plasticware with added functionality to enable cost-efficient network electrophysiology.


More precise measurements of the complexity of leaf shapes can open new pathways to understanding plant adaptation and resilience in the face of global changes. We present a method to measure the complexity of plant leaf shapes by relating their fractal dimension to topological entropy. Our method relies on 'segmental fractal complexity' and stems from a fractal-thermodynamic system analogy. The complexity of plant leaf shapes is an algebraic combination of the fractal dimension of the components, leaf lamina, background, and leaf edge. We applied this method to leaf forms of 42 tropical plant species. Segmental fractal complexity is an improvement over the leaf dissection index because of its ability to capture the spatial positioning of a leaf's lamina, edge, and background. It is also an advancement over conventional geometric and fractal dimension-based measures of leaf complexity because it does not entail information loss due to the pre-processing and is perceptibly simple.


PURPOSE: To examine the effect on residents' compliance with preventive health guidelines of an intensive quality-improvement program using medical record audits and individualized feedback. METHOD: The before-and-after study was set in a general internal medicine clinic at a military teaching hospital. In 1995, the authors retrospectively reviewed 280 medical records to determine whether, after the hospital had started an audit-and-feedback program in 1994, residents' compliance rates had risen for preventive health interventions. The study looked at both audited and non-audited interventions. RESULTS: The residents' compliance rates significantly improved for the audited interventions (tetanus immunizations, breast examination, and rectal examination). They also had higher compliance rates for six of the seven non-audited interventions. CONCLUSIONS: An intensive medical record audit with individualized feedback can produce exceptionally high levels of compliance with preventive care practices among internal medicine residents. Furthermore, the improved compliance is generalizable to other health care measures not directly targeted for audit.


The legislator has, during the last decade, tried numerous times to raise the punishment for committed murders without any remarkable success. A new proposition is under review and will probably be voted on. The proposition is to become law in the beginning of 2020.

In criminal law there are a few fundamental theories and principles related to legislation. Most fundamental are the principle of proportion – the punishment must be in proportion to the crime committed, and the principle of legality.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the new proposition is compatible with these fundamental theories and principles of criminal law and whether the proposition could have been formed in another way in order to better fulfill its, and earlier propositions, purpose and motive. For this, the reader will initially be introduced to the theories and principles of legislation, and to the evolvement of Swedish legislation regarding murder in the last decade.

The reader will also be introduced to Norwegian law regarding murder for a comparison on how they have solved their system.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Rare event analysis is an area of broad interest in pathology. In hematopathology, applications include detection of residual leukemic cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow and other fluids, and levels of circulating CD34+ stem cells in blood. An additional area of recent interest is detection of small populations of neutrophils in the blood which lack surface expression of certain markers due to absence of a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor protein. In classic paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a clone of hematopoeitic stem cells arises which expands in most cases to >80% of marrow cells. Small PNH-like neutrophil populations compromising 1.0 – 0.01% of neutrophils have been detected in the blood of up to 15% of patients who have myelodysplasia (MDS) and 24% of patients with aplastic anemia. These patients do not progress to classic PNH, and do not have the clinical sequelae of hemolytic anemia or thrombosis of PNH. The finding of these minor PNH-like neutrophil populations is of clinical interest because the finding correlates with increased sensitivity to immunosuppressant therapy. There are now preliminary consensus guidelines recommending routine PNH testing on all aplastic anemia and MDS patients who are candidates for therapy.

Flow cytometry is the method of choice for detection of PNH cells, made possible with technological improvements in instrumentation combined with fluorescent reagents to study GPI-linked antigens on cells. One of the practical issues complicating rare event detection and analysis is the need to acquire a very large number of events in order to obtain statistically meaningful data, which can require excessive acquisition time. The current detection limit with conventional flow cytometry using hydrodynamic focusing for rare event detection is in the range of 0.1-0.01% of nucleated cells, accumulating 1 million total events over a 60 minute interval per sample. A recent advance in cytometry instrumentation utilizes acoustic focusing, in which acoustic energy is used to precisely align cells for more sensitive detection, and sample acquisition time can be reduced by 10-fold or more. The detection limit with acoustic focusing cytometry is in the range of 0.1-0.01% of nucleated cells, accumulating 1 million total events over a 5 minute interval per sample.

We present an approach for the detection of PNH-like neutrophils using acoustic cytometry. Utilizing a panel of fluorescent reagents including CD45, CD15, CD16, CD24 and fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER) surface markers, a gating strategy is employed for high-sensitivity analysis of neutrophils using lineage markers. FLAER binds specifically to GPI anchor-deficient cells and is the most useful reagent for detecting PNH neutrohpils. Results of both normal and abnormal patient samples are shown. Acoustic cytometry provides the ability to detect PNH neutrophils by acquiring statistically significant cells for rare event detection.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4896


Head-of-line blocking problem compromises the throughput of multi-hop wireless networks. FIFO scheduling in the current IEEE 802.11 MAC causes this problem when the network is highly loaded. One solution is to increase the RTS success rate by extending the RTS frame to MRTS (multicast RTS), so that multiple receivers could be checked simultaneously. There is a tradeoff for the length of the MRTS-frame receiver list, since longer lists increase transmission success rate, but shorter lists impose lower control overhead. We present an adaptive learning process that observes the dynamic channel-state diversity among the candidate receivers. By maximizing the receiver diversity, we can achieve high transmission success rate using short receiver lists. This is supported by our simulation results


This study was designed to determine the effect of polyprenoic acid on wound healing in rats after thermal injury and to compare the effect with healing in vitamin A deficient controls and in retinol-fed vitamin A deficient rats. Both polyprenoic acid and retinol visibly accelerated wound healing after thermal injury. Both enhanced the induction of platelets in the peripheral blood but neutrophils were not affected by polyprenoic acid. Histologically, in the hypo-vitamin A rat, polyprenoic acid administration increased both capillary formation and also the production of fibroblasts and collagen deposition in the wound by comparison with control vitamin A deficient animals; similar effects were produced by retinol feeding. These results indicate that both polyprenoic acid and retinol can facilitate wound healing. 3H-thymidine incorporation into dermal tissues showed that in polyprenoid-fed rats capillaries multiplied 1.3 times, epithelial cells 2.1 times, and fibroblasts 2.0 times faster than those in vitamin A-deficient animals; 3H-thymidine incorporation was greater after polyprenoid feeding than after retinol feeding. Polyprenoid thus stimulates both collagen deposition and neo-vascularization within burns, and so accelerates healing.


In this study, spinel LiMn 2 O 4 powder was synthesized from LiOH.H 2 O and MnO x by conventional and mechanical alloying (MA) methods, followed by heat treatment at 800 °C in O 2 for four hours with cooling to room temperature in the furnace at 60 °C/h. It is found that both samples do not show phase transition in low temperature, and this occurred for different reasons. In the MA sample, the presence of Fe as contamination increased the Mn valence and hindered the occurrence of phase transition. The conventional sample does not show phase transition at low temperature due to stoichiometric content, without any contamination. In general, the absence of phase transition occurred due to synthesis condition employed in this study.


Large amounts of study, modeling, and planning are necessary prior to the successful construction and integration of an HVDC facility. Feasibility studies are first conducted to determine the need for network controllability, necessary for ensuring system security, transmitting power over long distances, or interconnecting asynchronous systems. This planning and integration process has produced successful results in three HVDC installations in the northeastern United States, which are discussed in this article. The article also presents several examples of plans for HVDC expansion in the Western interconnection


Existing visual question answering methods typically concentrate only on visual targets in images, ignoring the key textual content in the images, thereby limiting the depth and accuracy of image content comprehension. Inspired by this, we pay attention to the task of text-based visual question answering, address the performance bottleneck issue caused by over-fitting risk in existing self-attention-based models, and propose a scenario text visual question answering method called INT2-VQA that fuses knowledge manifestation based on inter-modality and intra-modality collaborations. Specifically, we model the complementary priori knowledge of locational collaboration between visual targets and textual targets across modalities and the contextual semantical collaboration among textual word targets within a modality. Based on this, a universal knowledge-reinforced attention module is designed to achieve a unified encoding manifestation of both relations. Extensive ablation experiments, contrast experiments, and visual analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and prove its superiority over the other state-of-the-art methods.


Cancer is viewed as being governed by several aberrant biological events defined by Weinberg and Hanahan as 'hallmarks'. In most human cancers the tumour suppressor p53 is mutated, leading to its malfunction and to the acquirement of oncogenic activities, termed 'gain of function'. This commentary links mutant p53 activities to the hallmarks of cancer, describing its involvement in resistance to apoptosis, genomic instability, aberrant cell cycle, invasion and metastasis, tumour microenvironment, and inflammation. Recent work published in The Journal of Pathology by Acin and colleagues, summarized here, reveals an interesting mechanism by which mutant p53 accelerates mitosis entry. Collectively, the growing body of evidence relating mutant p53 and the hallmarks of cancer reinforces the notion that targeting mutant p53 pathways might be beneficial for anti‐cancer therapy. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


.. Objective: The objectives of the study were to identify the common causes of post menopausal bleeding, benign and malignant causes of post menopausal bleeding and also the identification of risk factors for endometrial carcinoma in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: August 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 224 women with post menopausal bleeding were included in this study. Data was collected through the self structured questionnaire in which we have included patient's demographics, risk factors of Post menopausal bleeding and risk factors of endometrial carcinoma. Histopathological investigations of endometrial sampling were done for identification of benign and malignant causes of post menopausal bleeding. Results: Mean age of the women was 59.17 years and mean parity was found to be 2.24. Out of 224 patients 106(47.3%) women had their menopause in duration of 6 to 10 years while 75(33.9%) had menopause in time duration of first 5 years showing high frequency trend of post menopausal bleeding in first ten years duration after menopause. Out of 224 patients 30(13.4) were of normal weight, 94(42.0) were overweight while 100(44.6) were obese according to BMI criteria. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 40 women with post menopausal bleeding. Among them age at menarche was found to be 9 to 13 years in 27(67.5%) patients while more than 13 years in 13(32.5%) women. Age at menopause was found more than 55 years in 20(50%) patients while less than 55 years also in 20(50%) patients. Personal history of breast carcinoma was reported in 6(15%) similarly family history was also found in 6(15%) women. Family history of CA endometrium was observed in 3(7.5%). History of PCOs was also observed in 5(12.5) patients. Menstrual irreguraity in perimenopausal period was found in 18(45%) patients with endometrial CA. Nulliparity was reported in 21(52.5%) patients. 12(30%) were on estrogen use while 4(10%) were on Tamoxifen use. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension were observed as common risk factors for post menopausal bleeding. Endometrial Carcinoma, cervix carcinoma and Hyperplasia with atypia were common malignant causes while endometrial polyp and fibroid uterus were commonly found benign causes of post menopausal bleeding. Early menarche, menopausal duration of more than one year, obesity and diabetes mellitus were common risk factors for endometrial carcinoma.


The interaction of N,N-dimethyl-1-dodekanamine N-oxide (C12(CH3)2NO) with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) liposomes containing cholesterol (CHOL) was studied. The perturbation of CHOL-EYPC bilayers in unilamellar liposomes (ULL) was observed by the leakage of fluorescent probe calcein. Weak leakage is observed at low surfactant concentration cC12NO (minimal perturbation of the bilayer) followed by an intensive leakage at a middle cC12NO (creation of pores). No change in fluorescence intensity was measured at high cC12NO (calcein totally released from liposomes). The higher CHOL amount in the bilayer, the more surfactant is needed to create pores in the bilayer. Solubiliazation of CHOL-EYPC ULL induced by C12NO was studied turbidimetrically. The solubilization curve consists of three parts: saturation of bilayer at low cC12NO (liposomes are preserved), followed by solubilization (liposome - mixed micelle transition) and post-solubilization. The c12NO concentration needed for the onset of the soubilization raises with the increase of nCHOL:nEYPC. The structure of liposomes is still preserved at total calcein release for all nCHOL:nEYPC.


Corrections of gradient errors in the interactions regions (IRs) of high energy colliders have traditionally been made by changing the strengths of quadrupoles that are common to both beams, such as the triplet quadrupoles. This article shows that magnetic errors in the IR quadrupoles that are no common to both beams, such as the matching quadrupoles, can have an important influence and, therefore, the correction should also include these quadrupoles. A correction based on twelve IR quadrupoles (common and no common) is presented and validated through MADX simulations. To estimate the strengths of this correction, the action and phase in the inter-triplet space, the space that separates the two triplets of the IR, are required. A novel method to estimate these quantities is also presented. The main sources of uncertainties in this novel method are identified and compared to the current method that uses two beam position monitor within the inter-triplet space. Finally, LHC experimental data is used to estimate the strengths of a twelve-quadrupole correction in the interaction region 1 of the LHC. The resulting correction is compared with a six-quadrupole correction estimated with another method called segment-by-segment (SBS).


This presentation provides an overview of single-pass interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
missions employing two or more satellites flying in close formation. The simultaneous reception of the
scattered radar echoes from different viewing directions by multiple spatially distributed antennas enables
the acquisition of unique Earth observation products for a wide range of remote sensing applications.
After a short introduction to the basic principles and applications of SAR interferometry, a detailed
description of the two twin satellite missions TanDEM-X and Tandem-L will be provided. Primary
objective of TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is the generation of a
global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy as the basis for a wide range of
scientific research, as well as for commercial DEM production. This goal is achieved by enhancing the
TerraSAR-X mission with a second TerraSAR-X like satellite that will be launched in winter 2009/2010.
Both satellites act then as a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible
baseline selection. Building upon the experience gathered with the TanDEM-X mission design, the fully
polarimetric L-band twin satellite formation Tandem-L is proposed as a future milestone in Earth
observation. Important objectives of this highly innovative interferometric SAR mission are the global
acquisition of 3-D forest structure and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric
displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The sophisticated
mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L will moreover provide a unique data
source to systematically observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of additional
processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to
advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. Enabling technologies and
techniques are described in detail and an outlook on future interferometric and tomographic concepts and
developments, including multi-static SAR systems with multiple receivers, is provided.


Distributed sensing based on the Brillouin frequency shift is a useful technique to measure temperature along an optical fiber. However, the measurement can be influenced by the humidity on the fiber and its history. Experimental results using three different types of single-mode fibers with 1 km length, at 25degC and 30degC are reported. Depending of the type of fiber, a displacement on Brillouin frequency from 0.4 up to 2.8 MHz due to changes of humidity is obtained.


In Reply. — It is convenient to think of patients with unusually frequent Staphylococcus aureus infections in three categories: patients with recurrent superficial skin infections, which occur in apparently normal hosts and almost never disseminate; patients who experience visceral infections because their skin or mucous membrane barriers are somehow circumvented and staphylococci temporarily overwhelm an otherwise intact phagocyte host defense system; and patients who usually have intact barriers but in whom even minor superficial staphylococcal infections cannot be contained because of gross abnormalities in neutrophil function. Patients in the first group were the subject of our recent article. Despite an enormous number of recurrent S aureus skin abscesses (18.6 ± 3.3 abscesses per patient prior to entry into the study), no patient had a history of a visceral or disseminated staphylococcal infection and neutrophil function was normal in all patients tested. As we reported in our study, prophylactic antibiotics given


CONTEXT
A problem-based learning strategy is used for curriculum planning and implementation at the Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. Problems are constructed in a way that faculty-set objectives are expected to be identified by students during tutorials. Students in small groups, along with a tutor functioning as a facilitator, identify learning issues and define their learning objectives.

PURPOSE
We compared objectives identified by student groups with faculty-set objectives to determine extent of congruence, and identified factors that influenced students' ability at identifying faculty-set objectives.

METHOD
Male and female students were segregated and randomly grouped. A faculty tutor was allocated for each group. This study was based on 13 problems given to entry-level medical students. Pooled objectives of these problems were classified into four categories: structural, functional, clinical and psychosocial. Univariate analysis of variance was used for comparison, and a p > 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
The mean of overall objectives generated by the students was 54.2%, for each problem. Students identified psychosocial learning objectives more readily than structural ones. Female students identified more psychosocial objectives, whereas male students identified more of structural objectives. Tutor characteristics such as medical/non-medical background, and the years of teaching were correlated with categories of learning issues identified.

CONCLUSION
Students identify part of the faculty-set learning objectives during tutorials with a faculty tutor acting as a facilitator. Students' gender influences types of learning issues identified. Content expertise of tutors does not influence identification of learning needs by students.


The dehydration of fruit from fig trees is normally achieved by sun drying. There is concern about the safety of the end product, mainly because there is a risk of the development of aflatoxins. These concerns can be overcome by artificial drying (oven dehydration). Fig fruits of a local cultivar, which were either pre-treated by blanching or blanching plus sulphuring or not treated at all, underwent hot air dehydration under mild processing conditions in a pilot airflow cabinet dryer. Sampling was carried out at regular intervals to calculate the rate of dehydration and assess quality changes. Microbiological counts and nonenzymatic browning were also monitored. Pretreatments resulted in a shorter processing time, compared with control fruits. In general, a falling dehydration rate period was observed. A dramatic loss of ascorbic acid was recorded, while an informal sensorial assay of the dried fruits gave a positive assessment.


Script theory views communication contexts as sequences of standard processes - or scripts - humans use to move through different contexts in their daily lives. These scripts contain variables that influence how individuals expect to access and use materials in different settings. Prototype theory, in turn, addresses user expectations of what items/variables should look like in a given context, thus creating a guide for how one should design/depict items when developing materials for that context. When combined, these two theoretical approaches create a mechanism UXD professionals can use to both research communication and design expectations/variables in different health and medical communication contexts and design materials that meet user expectations associated with such settings.


With the current and future efforts to downsize automobiles and reduce their weight, strong lightweight materials, in various product forms, are being substituted for many traditionally ferrous components. One of the substitute materials is aluminum, which although itself is not new to automobiles is finding novel applications as forgings in critical chassis and suspension areas. The 1984 Corvette provides an excellent example of how the use of forged aluminum can reduce unsprung and overall weight as well as improve performance without compromising the integrity of the vehicle. Using aluminum as forgings permits taking maximum advantage of its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent ductility and toughness, and good corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the various considerations to be entertained when looking at aluminum forgings for automotive applications and the benefits of planning for these lightweight parts early in the design phase.


We have fabricated a bifocal miniature toroidal mirror that horizontally and vertically focuses to two different locations to provide a smaller footprint of the beam for grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS), while at the same time focusing the beam in the horizontal direction on the detector to further enhance the angular resolution. At CHESS we traditionally use glass single-bounce monocapillary optics for a wide range of X-ray experiments to get a fine X-ray beam of 5 to 20 μm. This miniature toroidal mirror was prepared by designing and fabricating an X-ray focusing capillary in which the sagittal and meridional focusing is decoupled and only a quadrant of the accepted annulus is used for focusing the beam. The mirror produced a 120 μm horizontal by 25 μm vertical focus at 50 mm from the tip of the optic and a 44 μm horizontal by 70 μm vertical focus at 150 mm from the tip of the optic.


Basic Demand response (DR) programs aim to modulate the demand of electricity in accordance with its supply. The existing DR programs have only been of limited success, though the participation has steadily increased in the recent past. This paper establishes the lack of fairness principles within the DR programs, as perceived by the customers to be one of the key deterrents. Fair DR (FDR) scheme criteria are defined and compared with existing pricing schemes. In this context, a simplified pricing model that takes into consideration fairness criteria for residential category is also proposed in this paper. The proposed pricing model is simulated in Gridlab-D and the results are compared with that of the flat and the price based pricing schemes. Initial results establish that our pricing scheme is fair, it flattens the demand curve over a day and provides a win-win situation for both - the customer and the utility company.


Groundwater knowledge and research in the European Union is often scattered and non-standardised, because of different subjects involved and different approaches from Member States. The Horizon2020 project KINDRA has conducted an EU-wide assessment of existing groundwater-related practical and scientific knowledge based on a new Hydrogeological Research Classification System, identifying more than 280 keywords related to three main categories (namely Operational Actions, Research topics and Societal Challenges) to be intersected in a 3D-diagram approach. The classification is supported by a web-service, the European Inventory of Groundwater Research, which acts not only as knowledge repository but also as a tool to help identify relevant research topics, existing research trends and critical research challenges. The records have been uploaded during the project by 20 national experts from National Associations of Geologists, under the umbrella of the European Federation of Geologists. The total number of metadata included in the inventory at the end of the project are about 2300, and the analysis of the results is considered useful for producing synergies, implementing policies and optimising water management in Europe. By the use of additional indicators, the database content has been analysed by occurrence of keywords, type of document, level of innovation. Using the three-axes classification, more easily understandable by 2D diagrams as bubble plots, occurrence and relationship of different topics (main categories) in groundwater research have been highlighted. This article summarizes the activities realized in relation to the common classification system and to the metadata included in the EIGR, showing the distribution of the collected information in different categories and attributes identified by the classification.


Complement activation and leukosequestration to the lung was studied during cardiopulmonary bypass in eleven patients undergoing cardiac operation without blood transfusion. Six patients (group I) received methylprednisolone before and after the bypass, and the other five (group II) received cepharanthine (biscoclaurin alkaloid) before the bypass associated with methylprednisolone therapy. Leukosequestration to the lung was observed at the time of reperfusion of the lung only in group I, although complement activation estimated by the increase of C 4 a and C 3 a was quite similar in both group. Cepharanthine prevented the sequestration of the leukocyte to the lung may be by its membrane stabilizing effect.


This paper analyses recycling optimal policy in a general equilibrium model with intergenerational environmental externalities. We consider a generalized life-cycle framework: households live two periods (young and old) and goods live two periods (virgin and recycled). First, we show that the life-cycle assumption for agents and goods requires a de…nition of a green modi…ed golden rule suitable for intergenerational externalities and recycling problems. Indeed, as recycling decreases waste pollution in the future, it acts as an incentive to increase consumption and waste in the present. Secondly, we show that the recycling sector is a tool for sustainable development. Indeed, if the recycling technology is e¢ cient enough, recycling activities o¤set the environmental externalities. In this case, the optimal level of the Pigovian tax rate on pollution is zero.


Universities are important carriers for knowledge production, dissemination, and innovation. They play an important role in the development of knowledge society. This paper, based on the concept of knowledge management, puts forward suggestions to establish hardware platform and to improve hardware facilities in the implementation of knowledge management, to create a good environment to support knowledge exchange, to encourage the full participation of teachers and students in knowledge transfer and to accelerate knowledge innovation.


The aim was to determine if the implementation of a nutrition education program can improve the nutritional knowledge and dietary practice of male academy rugby union players. On obtaining institutional ethics approval, 16 players were recruited and split by age category. Both an under 16 (U16) group N=9 (17 ± 1 y) and under 19 (U19) group N=7 (19 ± 0 y) participated in an eight session program. The sessions informed participants on the principles of sports nutrition and met individual nutrition needs. Both groups completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire and a 7 day diet diary pre and post program delivery. Dietary analysis was conducted and adequacy of intake was assessed by comparison with calculated recommended values. Delta values were used to assess the difference between required and actual intake values for different dietary components. Results show increases in nutrition knowledge scores for all participants, 31.5–37.2 (p=0.000). There was a strong positive correlation between age and nutrition knowledge scores both pre (r=0.518, n=18, p<0.027) and post (r=0.472, n=18, p<0.48). There was improvement in energy and carbohydrate intake within the U19 group, t (6) = −3.837, p<0.009, t (6) = −4.653, p<0.003 respectively. Although not significant, improvements in fluid intake were seen as average intakes increased by 1.72 l (U19) and 0.68 l (U18). The main finding was improvements in nutrition knowledge following a nutrition education program. A link between age and knowledge was highlighted. There were improvements in dietary intake whereby participants more closely met recommended intakes. For the U19, improvements were statistically significant, but for the U18 who are not solely responsible for their dietary intake improvements were less evident. Further research into the barriers facing younger athletes in achieving adequate dietary intake is warranted.


Performance and properties of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) devices are affected due to the harsh radiation environment. This report reviews the typical effects occurring in BJT devices due to irradiation with x-rays. The defect parameters on the device tested is obtained by in situ experimental technique. In order to study the self-annealing behaviour in BJTS due to ionizing and displacement modifications, damage efficiencies at different bias current levels are compared. The study reveals that higher gain degradation dispersion occurs at lower bias current level. Damage creation in the BJTs is dominated by the excitation mechanism of valence electron to the conduction band. This leads to the production of a large number of excited atoms and increases the holes in the valence band. The increase of holes in the base region due to trapping will increase the probability of recombination and reducing the number of electrons that reaches the collector region.


Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is commonest forms of complications observed in type 2 diabetes patients. Due to variations in clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathies, prevalence of diabetic neuropathy varies in different studies. We used only (Electro diagnostic) EDX criteria for diagnosis of neuropathies in present study.
Aim and Objectives: To estimate prevalence of diabetic neuropathy; viz, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy in population of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study where total 53 diabetic subjects (30 male, 23 female) in age range 30-60 years were electrophysiologically evaluated for neuropathies during January 2013 to December 2015. Routine and specialized Nerve conduction studies were adopted for evaluation. Data was acquired and stored in Microsoft excel and analyzed using graph pad prism software.
Results: Overall prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (DN) was 54.71%. Prevalence of other forms viz. Polyneuropathy only, mononeuropathy only and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy are 30.18%, 16.98% and 7.54 % respectively. Median neuropathy at wrist was the only form of mononeuropathy observed in these cases. Severity of mononeuropathy was observed more in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases.
Conclusion: Prevalence of different forms of neuropathies observed in present study is similar to previous studies. We observed more severe mononeuropathy in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases. Palm wrist comparison study must be part EDX evaluation in these cases.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic polyneuropathy, Nerve conduction study.


Worldwidebreastcancer.com is an online resource designed to increase understanding of the basics of breast cancer detection through good design. Tools are used in 8 countries by 500+ advocacy groups reaching 1MM+ people in English, Spanish, Turkish, Arabic, Japanese, Gujarati and Samoan. The Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance (MBCA) is an advocate-led coalition aiming to transform and improve the lives of people living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Different from early breast cancer, MBC is not curable and is the cause of virtually all breast cancer deaths; ∼40,000 die annually of MBC. People with MBC are always in treatment, switching drug regiments as their disease progresses. Survival and quality of life depends on patients9 treatment decisions; yet many do not have a high level of engagement during in-office conversations with their oncologists. Objective: Develop a visual tool kit to help MBC patients, with little or no engagement in a treatment decision-making process, communicate on equal ground with their health care professionals (HCPs) about their diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life. Low literacy rates, fear of cancer and the cultural taboos associated with breast cancer, create hurdles difficult to overcome. Despite a large number of education campaigns, none offer a multilingual, multicultural solution leaping these hurdles for MBC patients. Methods: A USER Design Thinking Model Framework (Beaumont, 2011) with 4 cyclical phases: (1)USER: understand the needs of patients and stakeholders; (2)SYSTEM: understand the communication along the patient pathway; (3)ESTABLISH: determine patient centered needs; (4)REALIZE: develop physical tools to address needs and, going back to the USER phase, test with patients and stakeholders, evaluating their usefulness along the patient pathway to determine recommendations for the next round of improvements. Tools are being developed at a National Cancer Institute, before being trialed in two different cliniacal settings. Results: Based on this project9s ground breaking Stage 1 targeting women with early stages of breast cancer, we anticipate the results will show that visual metaphors overcome health literacy and communication issues for MBC patients not engaged in treatment plans. Stage 1 results showed the majority of participants (n=67) were able to interpret visuals accurately without the use of text in terms of symptoms (65%) and anatomy (86%) of breast cancer. Health practitioners using the materials reported the images were effective in communicating symptoms. Conclusion: A visual approach to improving communication between MBC patients and their HCPs seems possible based on positive results of patient interpretation and practitioner feedback from research and testing with early stage breast cancer. Visual tools help HCPs engage patients with information to enable them to understand their disease, and goals and nature of treatments, so they can make informed decisions right for them. 1. www.mbcalliance.org/ 2. Pfizer Oncology. 2014: Breast Cancer: A Story Half Told, p.9. www.pfizer.com/files/news/Statement_ofNeed.pdf Citation Format: Beaumont C, Crawford-Gray K. Communication design toolkit for metastatic breast cancer patients and their health care professionals. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-05.


The aims of the present study were to develop and validate a scale specifically focused on shame feelings derived from chronic illness-related experiences, the Chronic Illness-related Shame Scale (CISS) and to fill a gap in literature and analyse the role of this construct in the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptomatology and depressed mood. This study comprised two samples: a sample of 161 IBD patients and a mixed sample of 65 chronic patients that reported medical data and completed self-report measures. The CISS's unidimensional seven-item structure was evaluated through confirmatory factor analyses. These analyses revealed good to excellent global and local adjustments in both samples. Results also showed that the CISS presents excellent internal consistencies and convergent, concurrent and divergent validity, being a valid, short and robust scale. Furthermore, the present study explored through path analyses, the role of CISS and self-judgement in the relationship between IBD symptomatology and depressed mood. Results showed that, although the level of IBD symptomatology directly predicted patients' depressive symptoms, the majority of this effect was mediated by CISS and self-judgement. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed in more detail in the succeeding text. The present study seems to highlight the pertinence of developing IBD patients' self-compassionate abilities to adaptively deal with symptomatology and related shame feelings. It thus may represent an avenue for the development of compassionate-based interventions for IBD patients and for the conduction of future studies exploring the shame phenomenon in other chronic illnesses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE
A new measure, the Chronic Illness-related Shame Scale (CISS), was developed CISS was revealed to be robust instrument in samples of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer patients CISS and self-judgement mediate the relationship between IBD symptomatology and depressed mood This model presented an excellent adjustment and explained 55% of depressed mood's variance Results suggest that treatment programmes for IBD should include compassionate-based interventions.


A new theoretical approach to calculate electron capture cross sections for ion-ion collisions in the intermediate energy region is developed. The impact parameter Schrodinger equation is solved by using an expansion in a two-state orthogonal basis which contains the charge Z(R) of the 'united atom'. The electron capture amplitude is expressed in an analytic form for low capture probabilities and the peak point approximation. The results for H+ +He+ and H+ +Li+ agree well with experimental data in the ranges 30-200 keV and 70-300 keV respectively. The results are compared with other theoretical results and quite a good agreement is obtained.


The human microbiome has been identified as having a key role in health and numerous diseases. Trillions of microbial cells and viral particles comprise the microbiome, each representing modifiable working elements of an intricate bioactive ecosystem. The significance of the human microbiome as it relates to human biology has progressed through culture-dependent (for example, media-based methods) and, more recently, molecular (for example, genetic sequencing and metabolomic analysis) techniques. The latter have become increasingly popular and evolved from being used for taxonomic identification of microbiota to elucidation of functional capacity (sequencing) and metabolic activity (metabolomics). This review summarises key elements of the human microbiome and its metabolic capabilities within the context of health and disease.


In this work, we provide the first strong convergence result of numerical approximation of a general second order semilinear stochastic fractional order evolution equation involving a Caputo derivative in time of order α ∈ (34 , 1) and driven by Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises simultaneously more useful in concrete applications. The Gaussian noise considered here is a Hilbert space valued Q-Wiener process and the non-Gaussian noise is defined through compensated Poisson random measure associated to a Lévy process. The linear operator is not necessary self-adjoint. The fractional stochastic partial differential equation is discretized in space by the finite element method and in time by a variant of the exponential integrator scheme. We investigate the mean square error estimate of our fully discrete scheme and the result shows how the convergence orders depend on the regularity of the initial data and the power of the fractional derivative.


In visual place recognition (VPR), map segmentation (MS) is a preprocessing technique used to partition a given view-sequence map into place classes (i.e., map segments) so that each class has good place-specific training images for a visual place classifier (VPC). Existing approaches to MS implicitly/explicitly suppose that map segments have a certain size, or individual map segments are balanced in size. However, recent VPR systems showed that very small important map segments (minimal map segments) often suffice for VPC, and the remaining large unimportant portion of the map should be discarded to minimize map maintenance cost. Here, a new MS algorithm that can mine minimal map segments from a large view-sequence map is presented. To solve the inherently NP hard problem, MS is formulated as a video-segmentation problem and the efficient point-trajectory based paradigm of video segmentation is used. The proposed map representation was implemented with three types of VPC: deep convolutional neural network, bag-of-words, and object class detector, and each was integrated into a Monte Carlo localization algorithm (MCL) within a topometric VPR framework. Experiments using the publicly available NCLT dataset thoroughly investigate the efficacy of MS in terms of VPR performance.


We propose a virtue token algorithm for finding an optimal route in real time communication network, and use a Hopfield neural net to implement it. Our Hopfield neural net routing method cannot only satisfy the routing requirement of a dynamic communication network, but can also be implemented into hardware. Moreover, our Hopfield neural net can be reduced to a much smaller scale, thus making the hardware implementation applicable.


Species of Tulipa (Liliaceae) are of great horticultural importance and are distributed across Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The Tien Shan Mountain is one of the primary diversity centres of Tulipa, but the molecular studies of Tulipa species from this location are lacking. In our study, we assembled four Tulipa plastid genomes from the Tien Shan Mountains, T. altaica, T. iliensis, T. patens, and T. thianschanica, combined with the plastid genome of T. sylvestris to compare against other Liliaceae plastid genomes. We focussed on the species diversity and evolution of their plastid genomes. The five Tulipa plastid genomes proved highly similar in overall size (151,691–152,088 bp), structure, gene order, and content. With comparative analysis, we chose 7 mononucleotide SSRs from the Tulipa species that could be used in further population studies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 24 plastid genomes robustly supported the monophyly of Tulipa and the sister relationship between Tulipa and Amana, Erythronium. T. iliensis, T. thianschanica, and T. altaica were clustered together, and T. patens was clustered with T. sylvestris, with our results clearly demonstrating the relationships between these five Tulipa species. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the phylogenomics and comparative genomics of Tulipa.


Key Findings. (1) A larger proportion of the rural population than the urban population is uninsured and low income (living at or below 138% of the federal poverty line [FPL]) (9.9% as compared to 8.5%) and a larger proportion of the rural population than the urban population will be eligible for subsidized Health Insurance Marketplace (HIM) coverage due to income levels and current lack of insurance (10.7% as compared to 9.6%). (2) Assuming full Medicaid expansion, a larger proportion of the rural uninsured than the urban uninsured would be eligible for Medicaid (43.5% as compared to 38.5%). (3) A smaller proportion of the rural uninsured than the urban uninsured has income above 400% FPL and thus will not qualify for either Medicaid or HIM subsidies (10% as compared to 14.1%). (4) The proportion of the uninsured population potentially eligible for Medicaid expansion is highest in the rural South (47.5%) and lowest in the urban Northeast (32.5%) and the rural Northeast (35.8%).


Some properties of histological structure of fetal bovine pancreas were demonstrated using light microscopic methods. The different forms of acino-insular complexes were described: 1) acino-insular complexes with single B-cells including epithelial layer of acini; 2) acino-insular complexes with segmental (sector) localization of insular cell groups; 3) acino-insular complexes with small and more large groups of endocrine cells timely contacted with acini; 4) acino-insular complexes at the stage of separation of endocrine cell groups (microislets) from acini. The consideration of acino-insular complexes in morphogenesis of bovine endocrine pancreas in discussed.


Volumes have been written about standing to sue, very little about standing to appeal. There is no dearth of interesting issues concerning standing to appeal and its converse, the right to defend a judicial order or judgment, however. In this Article, I illuminate many aspects of the law governing these matters in the federal courts, and analyze the weaknesses in the law.Part I puts the matters under investigation into context. It identifies conceptual similarities and differences between standing to sue and standing to appeal, and between the "right" to defend in the trial court and the right to defend a judicial order or judgment that has been appealed. It considers the purposes of the doctrines governing these matters, and addresses how Rule 19 parties and intervenors fit into our system. Part I brings into focus uncertainties in the source of the constraints on standing to appeal and to defend appeals: which constraints are constitutionally grounded, and which are prudential or practice-based? It also distinguishes between, compares, and explores the relationships among standing to appeal and the right to defend against an appeal, on the one hand, and related doctrines such as capacity to sue and be sued, mootness, appealability and reviewability, other procedural prerequisites to appeal, and acquiescence in a judgment, on the other hand.Part II delves into the nature and degree of injury that warrants recognition of standing to appeal from an order or judgment in a civil suit, the requisite relation between that injury and the order or judgment sought to be appealed, and the relevance of the appellate court's ability to redress the claimed injury. Among the primary focuses of this section are the bases for appeal available to a person who has substantially prevailed in the trial court. The Article finds little appellate parallel to the vagaries of injury characterization that have made standing to sue doctrine vulnerable to charges of manipulability, and concludes that concerns about manipulation of the system to obtain an early appeal can be handled in determinations of appealability. Part II shows, however, that courts sometimes have been confused about the standing to appeal of litigants who have prevailed in some respects but failed in others, and that courts have had difficulty in determining the sufficiency-for-appeal of grievances that substantially prevailing litigants have claimed. It argues for abandonment of the collateral estoppel exception to the general rule that prevailing parties may not appeal, and for the re-thinking of other exceptions to that rule.Part II also considers the doctrines that determine who may be an appellee. The Article does not examine standing to appeal, or a right to defend an order or judgment, that is granted by a particular statute and that is not generally applicable and available. For the most part, the Article also does not consider doctrines that govern in criminal prosecutions and related proceedings such as those initiated by petitions for writs of habeas corpus.


In 1963, the State of Israel sent a technical assistance mission to the rural region of Qazvin, Iran. Exporting its newly developed knowledge of rural regional planning was Israel's way of securing the fragile relationship with Iran. The mission's objectives included the development of a comprehensive regional plan, and designs for three villages, planned anew, which were to serve as prototypes for other villages to be constructed in the region. The mission's architects noted the need to create a rural character for the villages, and had a clear image of what would create this —trees. This was despite the fact that trees were not a common feature of the region's villages. This article describes the landscape planning of the modern villages conceived for Qazvin by the Israeli mission. It reveals that, while the Israeli architects were committed to planning villages that related to local ways of life and traditions, the image of the village they proposed for Iran was based on the rurality that villages in Israel encompass. The text explores the formation of this image of rurality. It locates the origins of this image in the 1920s Zionist colonisation of Palestine, tracing its development as an important frontier during Israel's nation-building period: one that with time came to symbolise Israel as a rural-yet-modern new nation. This concept, of 'modern rurality', was thus transferred to the modernisation of rural Iran. The architects failed to see rurality as specific to a place; they did not recognise that their image of rurality was a modern construct developed in Israel. Along these lines, the article reflects on the transnational effect of the creation of a modern village.


Intended for the one- or two-term undergraduate engineering statistics course with a calculus prerequisite, this text addresses the needs of engineering star courses stressing actual industrial practice. It includes early emphasis on design of experiments, quality improvement and process control -- plus use of data from actual industrial practice.-- Chapters on Shewhart control charts, measurement system evaluation, and process capability studies-- Strong emphasis on use of the computer -- conceptually, graphically and in exercise assignments-- A large number of interesting engineering exercises-- Strong emphasis on graphic arguments and explanations


Excavation and, in particular, trenching using backhoes represents a hazardous working environment for workers. The hazards include trench walls that collapse, the accidental drop of heavy objects into the opening, excavators and other equipment that become unstable, and buried utilities that are damaged during the operation. The three main accident prevention efforts used today are the use of the trench box, inspection, and the training of the site personnel. The work discussed in this paper is the result of a search for a more revolutionary prevention method: one that does not require a worker to enter the open trench. This paper presents the development and testing of a computer-aided design (CAD) integrated trenching and pipe-laying system. The successful testing of the first prototype could lay the foundation for safer and more productive trenching operations in the future.


The blood flow in rat liver was measured with Xe-133. Three techniques for administering the activity to the liver were employed: injection via the portal vein, via the hepatic artery, and directly into the liver parenchyma. Use of intraparenchymal injection of Xe-133 gave 60% higher flow values than by portal or arterial injection techniques. Mean flow index (k1) was for portal injection 0.52, for arterial injection 0.51 and for intraparenchymal injection 0.80. These variations may be explained by the microcirculatory anatomy of the rat liver. The data presented have a high degree of variance between repeated experiments on the same animal. During an experimental procedure, only larger changes in the liver blood flow pattern can be detected with sufficient accuracy. For this purpose, the method is applicable since repeated and regional studies on the same organ can easily be performed.


OBJECTIVE
To establish a rat model of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy.

METHODS
Sixty rats were divided into normal control group, ulcerative colitis group, ulcerative colitis with syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy group (model group) and strengthening spleen for resolving dampness group. Ulcerative colitis in rats was induced by enema containing trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. The rats in the model group were suffered from standing in water, limiting sleeping time and abnormal diet based on administration of TNBS and ethanol. The rats in the spleen strengthening and dampness resolving group were gastrically administered with Shenlin Baizhu Powder, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Symptoms, signs and pathological changes in colon tissue of rats were observed after modeling. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum of rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS
The rats in the model group showed lethargy, poor appetite, loss of energy, diarrhea and bloody stool. Their body weight decreased significantly compared with the normal control group, and similar changes were found in the comparison of food intake, drinking amount, urine amount, stool wet weight and assay of spontaneous activity (P<0.05). When observed under a light microscope, the colon tissues of rats in the model group showed mucosal edema, congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration and ulceration. The degree of colon injury and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared to those in the normal control group. The changes mentioned above were improved by Shenlin Baizhu Powder (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The rat model of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy is successfully induced and has the characteristics of ulcerative colitis of humans both in pathological changes and in syndrome.


Abstract This article investigates the asymptotic properties of a simple empirical-likelihood-based inference method for discontinuity in density. The parameter of interest is a function of two one-sided limits of the probability density function at (possibly) two cut-off points. Our approach is based on the first-order conditions from a minimum contrast problem. We investigate both first-order and second-order properties of the proposed method. We characterize the leading coverage error of our inference method and propose a coverage-error-optimal (CE-optimal, hereafter) bandwidth selector. We show that the empirical likelihood ratio statistic is Bartlett correctable. An important special case is the manipulation testing problem in a regression discontinuity design (RDD), where the parameter of interest is the density difference at a known threshold. In RDD, the continuity of the density of the assignment variable at the threshold is considered as a "no-manipulation" behavioral assumption, which is a testable implication of an identifying condition for the local average treatment effect. When specialized to the manipulation testing problem, the CE-optimal bandwidth selector has an explicit form. We propose a data-driven CE-optimal bandwidth selector for use in practice. Results from Monte Carlo simulations are presented. Usefulness of our method is illustrated by an empirical example.


: The study assessed the effects of Lending Policy on Financial stability of banks in Kenya. In achieving the objectives identified in this study, the collected data of listed banks were analyzed. Credit Risk Management Strategies has become an important topic for financial institutions, especially since the business sector of financial services is related to the conditions of uncertainty. The turmoil of the financial industry emphasizes the importance of effective risk management procedures. The research objective was formulated in order to gain a better understanding of credit risk management strategies and its impact on performance (Return on Assets). Credit risk has always been a vicinity of concern not only to bankers but also to all in the business world because the risks of a trading partner not fulfilling his obligations in full on due date can seriously jeopardize the affairs of the other partner. The axle of this study was to have a clearer picture of the process banks employ to manage their credit risk. The study results postulated clear and precise guidelines designed to enable Commercial Banks to make informed successful credit risk management. From the values of the coefficients the researches discerned that the independent variables are correlated to the dependent variable. In conclusion, the study established that independent variables significantly affect credit risk management and that commercial banks need to formulate credit policies in order to minimize risk of collection but aim at increasing revenue. From the study, it is recommended that commercial banks should educate their clients on their credit policies in order to improve credit management. The study also recommends that further research should be done on the impact of credit reference reporting on credit risk management and the extent to which other hidden factors from Lending Policy for Financial Stability and performance.


A toroidal electrostatic analyzer with a two dimensional position sensitive electron detector has been designed and built. The analyzer is installed to the electron spectrometer for measurements of the differential excitation cross sections in electron-ion collisions. The electron position is resolved in the energy and angular dispersive directions of the analyzer by means of microchannel plates and a charge dividing collector. The analyzer has an acceptance angle of 90°, and the analyzing energy range is 20% of the central pass energy with a relative energy resolution of 1%.


Sensing deployment is an important issue addressed in wireless sensor network (WSN). This paper proposes a virtual force directed co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization (VFCPSO) algorithm, which uses a combined objective function to achieve the tradeoff of coverage and energy consumption. By considering deployment as an optimization problem, VFCPSO is more reliable and flexible for WSN, since it can satisfy the combined requirements instead of only enlarging coverage. Because centralized VFCPSO is computation-expensive for WSN, a distributed VFCPSO (D-VFCPSO) is proposed by achieving optimization with the collaboration of multiple sensor nodes. Simulation results show that the D-VFCPSO has the better performance than VF-style algorithms and centralized VFCPSO in the terms of time cost and deployment results. It is obvious that the proposed D-VFCPSO can rapidly and effectively achieve the sensing deployment in WSN.


The present thesis is on the subject of electro-hydraulic servo-valve (EHV), and motion and control loading of a flight simulator with EHV. The fundamentals of EHV and hydraulic control systems are discussed in Part A. An electro-hydraulic servo-valve (MOOG 760 series) and a position servo control were constructed using an EHV and a linear hydraulic double-ended cylinder, which was modeled mathematically and implemented symbolically by Simulink.

Part B examines the motion and control loading systems of a full flight simulator. Motion simulation algorithms and implementation are discussed in moderate depth. As a generic example, a typical elevator control loading channel is represented in state space; whose stability, linkage compliance and control scheme implementation analysis are conducted in detail by means of MATLAB. The same elevator control loading channel was symbolically modelled through Simulink, based on the EHV/actuator model that was developed in Part A. The results of different control schemes are discussed and compared.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between co-op students' perceived relevance of their work term, work-related subjective well-being (SWB), and individual performance at work. Data were collected using a survey of co-op students (n = 1,989) upon completion of a work term. Results of regression analyses testing a conditional process model show that perceived relevance has a significant indirect influence on performance through work-related SWB. These findings point to the significant role of connections between students' post-secondary studies and their work. Students who see a greater degree of connection between the work term and post-secondary are more likely to feel satisfied and engaged at work, and in turn are more likely to perform well. These results and their implications for co-op program administrators and organizations that employ co-op students are discussed. (AsiaPacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 2016, 17(2), 119-134)


--The Samota KSPD crosses three districts, namely Sumbawa, Dompu and Bima districts. This area has advantages that harmonize marine, land and volcanic potential. Including the diversity of flora and fauna as well as culture. There are 9 Tourism Villages within the Samota KSPD, including the Labuhan Jambu Tourism Village which is developing quite rapidly compared to other villages. Labuhan Jambu Tourism Village is increasingly known to foreign countries because it is the entrance to the Whale Shark attraction in the waters of Saleh Bay. Although the Whale Shark attraction has become an icon of Labuhan Jambu, this attraction is only available from April to November. Therefore, to attract tourists throughout the year, the Labuhan Jambu Tourism Village must have supporting tourist attractions. Based on the conditions described, then a study on the identification of community-based tourist objects and attractions is very important to do, to maintain the existence of Labuhan Jambu as a tourist village. Community-based tourism will have an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community and region, as well as improvement of destination and regional facilities and infrastructure. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The research was conducted in October 2020 in the Labuhan Jambu Tourism Village, Tarano District, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection techniques used observation, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of the study were identified as many as 13 objects that present tourist attractions. Of the 13 objects identified, as many as 7 objects are in the coast and 6 objects are in the waters. Besides that,


Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neuroepithelial-derived malignancy that usually presents in the nasal cavity. The rarity of ONB has led to conflicting reports regarding associations of patient age and ONB survival and outcome. Moreover, long-term outcomes of chemotherapy and other treatment modalities are speculated. Here, we aimed to compare survival outcomes across age groups through time and determine associations between treatment modality and survival. In this retrospective population-based study, we analyzed the SEER 2000–2016 Database for patients with ONB tumors. Using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, a significant effect of age and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was observed; geriatric ONB patients had the lowest CSS overall. Generalized linear models and survival analyses demonstrated that CSS of the pediatric patient population was similar to the geriatric group through 100 months but plateaued thereafter and was the highest of all age groups. Radiation and surgery were associated with increased CSS, while chemotherapy was associated with decreased CSS. GLM results showed that tumor grade, stage and lymph node involvement had no CSS associations with age or treatment modality. Our results provide insight for future investigations of long-term outcomes associated with ONB patient age and treatment modality, and we conclude that survival statistics of ONB patients should be analyzed in terms of trends through time rather than fixed in time.


The injection molding is very effective process for various plastic products due to its high productivity. It is also good for precise products like optical parts. Various thermoplastic materials are also available with this injection molding process. In recent, however, as the overall size of the product increases and micro or nano scale of patterns are applied to the products, we now have some problems such as low fidelity of the replication of the pattern, high molding pressure, or warpage from the in-mold stress. Injection/compression molding is studied to overcome those problems in molding large thin plate with micro pattern array on its surface. An injection compression mold is designed to 3 pieces mold for side gate. We install 4 pressure transducers and 9 thermocouples to measure the melt pressure and surface temperature in the cavity during the process. As a result, the maximum molding pressure for injection compression molding is reduced to 1/3 compared to injection molding and the uniformity of the pressure in the cavity is enhanced by about 15%.


1. Ratios of mono[(131)I]iodotyrosine and di[(131)I]iodotyrosine (R values) and the incorporation of (131)I into iodothyronines have been estimated in rat thyroid glands from 30min. to 38hr. after the administration of [(131)I]iodide. 2. In rats receiving a powdered low-iodine diet the R values were close to unity and did not change with time after the administration of [(131)I]iodide. In rats receiving a commercial pellet diet the R values fell from a mean of 0.8 at 30min. after [(131)I]iodide administration to 0.49 at 38hr. 3. Administration of 0.5-2.0i.u. of thyroid-stimulating hormone before giving the injection of [(131)I]iodide caused a small diminution in the R value when the time between injecting [(131)I]iodide and killing the animal was 16hr. or more. 4. Iodothyronines represented a greater percentage of the total thyroid-gland radioactivity in the iodine-deficient animals than in animals fed on the pellet diet. Thyroid-stimulating hormone had little effect, if any, on the iodothyronine contents.


In a photovoltaic power plant (PVPP), the DC-AC converter (inverter) is one of the components most prone to faults. Even though they are key equipment in such installations, their fault detection techniques are not as much explored as PV module-related issues, for instance. In that sense, this paper is motivated to find novel tools for detection focused on the inverter, employing machine learning (ML) algorithms trained using a hybrid dataset. The hybrid dataset is composed of real and synthetic data for fault-free and faulty conditions. A dataset is built based on fault-free data from the PVPP and faulty data generated by a digital twin (DT). The combination DT and ML is employed using a Clarke/space vector representation of the inverter electrical variables, thus resulting in a novel feature engineering method to extract the most relevant features that can properly represent the operating condition of the PVPP. The solution that was developed can classify multiple operation conditions of the inverter with high accuracy.