Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancy and of higher mortality in the world, and is considered a marker of underdevelopment. Conventional radiotherapy is one of the treatments used for this type of cancer. 30 to 40% of patients with similar prognosis factors not respond equally to a comparable standard treatment. The poor response to radiotherapy leads to the development of innovative and effective therapies for cervical cancer locally advanced, metastatic and refractory. A comparative analysis of cervical cancer in the context of other cancers may reveal that it is relatively smaller number of targeted molecular agents that have been tested. Accordingly, a number of biological agents are currently in clinical development for the purpose of, inhibiting angiogenesis, molecularly address EGFR and IGF-1R, modulation of cell cycle, of histone deacetylases, COX-2, mTOR and tumor microenvironment (hypoxia and glycolysis). Within work that we have been developing, reported that gene expression of IGF1R is a strong predictive marker for lack of response to radiotherapy, patients have 28.6 times higher risk of failure treatment; Patients & Methods: This prospective cohort study included 149 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix in FIGO stages IIB and IIIB between 2008 and 2011. The mean age was 46 years. Of the 149 patients, 61 were treated with radiotherapy and 88 with concurrent radiochemotherapy. Expression of the proteins CAIX, GLUT-1, HIF1α, HKII, IGF-IRα, IGF-IRβ and Survivin was determined by immunohistochemistry and P53 Arg72Pro polymorphism by allele specific PCR in biopsies taken before treatment. Results: The highest increase was found in expression of GAPDH (100%), Survivin (87%), followed of, IGF-IRα (76.5%), IGF-IRβ (74.5%), IGF-IRα and IGF-IRβ concordance in the expression(73%), HIF1α (74.1%); strong expression was observed with low frequency for GLUT-1 (31.1%), CAIX (16.2%), HKII (10.6%). For polymorphism Arg72Pro of P53 was found that genotype Arg/Arg is the most frequently (59.8) in patients with cervical locally advanced cancer and that compared to the control group (non-tumor tissue of the cervix with histopathologic diagnosis of cervicitis without evidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) (P = 0.000), and published reports, his presence confirms their possible participation in the development of this cancer, however we found no association with the outcome and response to treatment. Patients who received chemoradiotherapy compared to those who received radiotherapy showed higher survival times, both for overall survival and disease-free. Patients with hemoglobin levels ≤ 11g/dl had a risk 2.53-fold (p = 0.01) decrease in both the overall survival rate as the rate of disease-free survival. Conclusions: We found that the expression of IGF-IRβ detected by immunohistochemistry is a prognostic marker that affects overall survival and disease-free survival; the detection and study before treatment of the expression of HIF1α, CAIX, GLUT 1 and HKII, considered as biological factors pre-existing, contributes to infer the metabolic and hypoxic state, as also at the rational use of new modalities in radiotherapy, radiochemotherapy and gene therapy in the regulation of hypoxia. Citation Format: Pablo Moreno-Acosta, Oscar Gamboa, Alfredo Romero-Rojas, Jinneth Acosta, Martha Cotes Mestre, Diana Mayorga, Magda Pacheco, Gladys Aguilera, Nicolas Magne. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers at personalized treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B10.


Abstract The problem of pollution arises along with the rapid development of economic, and it spread from a regional problem to a nationwide one. It has caught the eyes of Chinese government and people that how to develop Chinese economy without harming environment. In this paper, to obtain a win-win solution between economy and environment, optimal results of unit emission penalty mechanism under different industrial GDP growth rates and the growth rates of industrial technical input is given, which applies multi-objective optimization methods based on an economic-ecological model. The results provide factories a way to maximize the benefits, as well as a scientific basis for government to determine the punishment standard and the technical input growth rate.


Implementation of a rule-based transformation engine consists of several tasks with various abstraction levels. We present a new tool called mtom for the efficient implementation of rule-based transformations. This engine should help to bridge the gap between rewriting implementations and practical applications. It aims at implementing well-identified parts of complex applications where the use of rewriting is natural or crucial. These parts are specified using rewrite rules and integrated with the rest of the application, which is kept in a classical imperative language such as C, C++ or Java. Our tool, which can be viewed as a Yacc-like pre-processor, does not depend on a given term representation, rather it accepts implementation of terms (or term like data-types) of yet existing applications and it permits to define and execute rewrite rules upon those types. From our experiences, this system is well-suited for industrial use as well as for implementations of rule-based languages. The paper introduces several features supported by mtom.


An investigation was performed to demonstrate that time-lapse cinematography and computer aided video analysis of cell morphology is suitable to study and compare the characteristics of hepatocytes during the adhesion process to membranes. We chose to compare ordinary cellulose Cuprophan membranes and membranes coated with collagen or fibronectin. Striking differences between uncoated cellulose and fibronectin or collagen coating were seen in the cell count per square millimeter and adhesion behaviour. On the investigated uncoated Cuprophan the hepatocytes were found to attach but not to spread whilst on collagen coated Cuprophan most of the cells spread spherically, and on fibronectin coated membranes most of the cells flattened spherically or polygonally. Time-lapse video microscopy seems to be a valuable technique for assessing the morphologic behaviour of cells in a detailed and quantitative manner in order to improve the hepatocyte culture technique in bioreactors for hybrid systems.


Abstract—In that examination, the Arduino UNO chip device was used for remote command wireless video avoidance bicycle (WVASC). The car is equipped with a camera and Wi-Fi router and is combined with a transatlantic video transmission mining system. We have written an Android wireless video capture system to limit the terminal App so that users can supervise the original end of the smartphone tour exhibition and use the smartphone app to control WVASC. The LED illumination torch is located in the vehicle so a dark volume can be assumed. If the WVASC Informedly is cut off, the four factions of the car are equipped with ultrasonic sensors to distinguish the asylum target from the mining system, which can withdraw and avoid the WVASC hitting the obstacle or crushing the wheel frame. It can also avoid obstacles in an unpredictable atmosphere. We completed the PSoC board on the main controller and used the Arduino UNO as a sub-controller. By using the PSoC to control the WVASC, more sensors will be installed in the car, so the stability of the mining system embedded in the car also enhances communication improvements. The Android mining system will enable the rapid development of wireless communication technology. By adopting the above improvements, it can also improve the capacity and speed of


Dioscorea alata (yam), Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) Colocasia esculenta(taro) and Momordica charantia (vegetable) has been used for this study. All are powdered and PE: DA and MC: CE are mixed in various ratios like 1:0, 1:2, 1:5, 1:8 and 0:1. Nutritional analysis were done for all the samples and moisture content, ash content, iron, phosphorous, starch and crude protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate, tannin, crude fat, vitamin c, iron, calcium were determined and are analyzed for DPPH, metal chelating and Phosphomolydenum antioxidant assays. Best of the mixed ratios of PE: DA and MC: CE has been selected for the development of product through extrusion process using two different temperatures 100oC and 110oC using a moisture of 12 % and 13% and the sample has been extruded and that extruded product has been analyzed for their functional properties. PE: DA (1:8) and MC: CE (1:8) ratio can be employed as a good nutritional and antioxidant extruded product among all the other ratios.


The abundance of calanoid copepods in marine plankton and their importance as food for certain fishes has prompted numerous studies of their biology, including several concerned with fecundity (Marshall & Orr, 1952; Mullin & Brooks, 1967; Paffenhöfer, 1970). These studies, however, have all involved animals maintained on various diets in the laboratory: data for egg-production by Calanus under natural conditions in the sea are still needed. To ensure the survival of the young of many animal species to the stage of independent feeding, biochemical energy in the form of lipid is stored within the egg. During a recent survey of Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) from the English Channel the level of lipid, mainly in the form of wax esters, in Stage V copepodids was found to be substantially greater than that in female adult stages (Gatten et al. 1979). The difference was particularly noticeable during spring periods when egg-laying was in progress. This observation indicates a major role for wax esters during the reproduction of Calanus. The present study seeks to establish the fate of the lipid reserves in Stage V and female adult Calanus with particular emphasis on the extent to which the size of such reserves can be used as an index of the fecundity of this copepod.


In classical antiquity, beginning in 573 B.C., Nemea hosted international athletic competitions like those at Olympia, Delphi, and Isthmia; the games at the four sites constituted the Panhellenic cycle, and the victors were the most famous athletes of antiquity. Nemea was never a city-state but served as a religious and athletic festival center where the Greek world assembled every two years under a flag of truce. Excavations sponsored by the University of California, Berkeley since 1974 have revealed many details of Nemea's history. These discoveries, together with ancient literary and epigraphic sources, form the basis of a new and sharply defined picture of the Nemean Games. This first volume in a projected series of nine documents the excavations of the Sacred Square, the Xenon (Guest House), and the Bath. In her chapter on the Sacred Square, Darice Birge gives us a full publication of the Long Altar of Zeus and other monuments, as well as the first recognized remains of a Sacred Grove from antiquity. Lynn Kraynak presents the findings on the Xenon, one of the few ancient hotels to have been recognized and the only one to be fully studied. Finally, Stephen Miller reports on the Nemean Bath, the earliest Greek bath known. Nemea I presents all of these findings together with associated material--state plans, photographs, and drawings of reconstructed monuments--making this volume important not only to scholars interested in the specific aspects of the excavations, but also to teachers who will make use of the reconstructions.


Iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) particles were synthesized at room temperature with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at varying pH. The presence of EDTA produced faceted particles and increasing synthesis pH resulted in slower reaction kinetics and larger particles with lower water content and fewer anion vacancies determined by TGA and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing of sodium metal half cells revealed higher capacity in FeHCF particles grown at lower pH with EDTA, obtaining a maximum discharge capacity of 151 mA h g−1 with 79% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and a rate capability of 122 mA h g−1 at 3.2 A g−1. In contrast, particles grown at higher pH had stunted low-spin Fe redox activity but with improved long-term cyclic stability. These findings demonstrate that small changes in synthesis pH can greatly affect the growth and electrochemical properties of FeHCF when using a pH sensitive chelating agent such as EDTA.


The influence of oil of citrus leaves (OCL) concentration and the effect of medium temperature on the carbon steel corrosion in aqueous 1.0 M hydrochloric acid was realized experimentally using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curves and gravimetric technique. Results showed that the OCL is the excellent inhibitor for steel corrosion and the polarization curves data revealed that the tested compound acts as a mixed type inhibitor with predominant anodic. The study of temperature effect was investigated and leads to the determination of thermodynamic activation parameters. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy result exhibit one capacitive loop indicating that, the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process and the presence of this compound decreases the double layer capacitance and increases the charge transfer resistance. The oil of citrus leaves act by adsorption on the carbon steel surface according to a Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.


Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) is integral to plant life and required for stress responses, immunity, and development. Our understanding of the regulation of PCD is incomplete, especially concerning regulators involved in multiple divergent processes. The botrytis-susceptible (bos1) mutant of Arabidopsis is highly susceptible to fungal infection by Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis). BOS1 (also known as MYB108) regulates cell death propagation during plant responses to wounding. The bos1-1 allele contains a T-DNA insertion in the 5′-untranslated region upstream of the start codon. This insertion results in elevated expression of BOS1/MYB108. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system (CRISPR/Cas9) to create new bos1 alleles with disrupted exons, and found that these lines lacked the typical bos1-1 wounding and Botrytis phenotypes. They did exhibit reduced fertility, as was previously observed in other bos1 alleles. Resequencing of the bos1-1 genome confirmed the presence of a mannopine synthase (MAS) promoter at the T-DNA left border. Expression of the BOS1 gene under control of the MAS promoter in wild-type plants conferred the characteristic phenotypes of bos1-1: Botrytis sensitivity and response to wounding. Multiple overexpression lines demonstrated that BOS1 was involved in regulation of cell death propagation in a dosage-dependent manner. Our data indicate that bos1-1 is a gain-of-function mutant and that BOS1 function in regulation of fertility and Botrytis response can both be understood as misregulated cell death.


The paper investigates the relation between social capital and life satisfaction focusing on the distinction between bonding and bridging. Using the latest version of the combined World and European Values Surveys, the authors first address the question of measurement of social capital by means of a multi-step factor analysis. Through this procedure, they nd that proxies typically used for social capital tend to polarize around two dimensions interpreted as bonding and bridging. These two dimensions are in fact associated with a single latent variable with opposite signs suggesting that they describe two sides of the same latent variable rather than two independent latent variables. The authors call this latent variable the locus of socializing and use it to explore the relation between social capital and life satisfaction across world citizens and across groups of similar countries. The results indicate that people with extreme bonding or bridging attitudes are less happy than people with more balanced attitudes. Unlike the literature on social capital and economic growth that finds bridging attitudes more desirable than bonding attitudes, they nd that bonding attitudes are at least as important as bridging attitudes for life satisfaction. This suggests that the social capital dimensions important for economic growth may not necessarily coincide with the social capital dimensions important for life satisfaction.


The paper contains analysis of natural and technogenic factors influencing properties of mine atmosphere, defining level of mining safety and probability of emergencies. Main trends in development of energy-saving technologies providing comfortable microclimate conditions are highlighted. A complex of methods and mathematical models has been developed to carry out aerologic and thermophysical calculations. Main ways of improvement for existing calculation methods of stationary and non-stationary air distribution have been defined: use of ejection draught sources to organize recirculation ventilation; accounting of depression losses at working intersections; inertance impact of  air streams and mined-out spaces for modeling transitory emergency scenarios. Based on the calculation algorithm of airflow rate distribution in the mine network, processing method has been developed for the results of air-depressive surveys under conditions of data shortage. Processes of dust transfer have been modeled in view of its coagulation and settlement, as well as interaction with water drops in case of wet dust prevention. A method to calculate intensity of water evaporation and condensation has been suggested, which allows to forecast time, duration and quantity of precipitation and its migration inside the mine during winter season. Solving the problem of heat exchange between mine airflow and timbering of the ventilation shaft in a conjugation formulation permits to estimate depression value of natural draught and conditions of convective balance between air streams. Normalization of microclimatic parameters for mine atmosphere is forecasted for the use of heat-exchange units either heating or cooling and dehumidifying ventilation air. Algorithms are presented that permit to minimize ventilation energy demands at the stages of mine design and exploitation.


The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a field investigation of abutment scour in South Carolina and used that data to develop envelope curves defining the upper bound of abutment scour. To expand upon this previous work, an additional cooperative investigation was initiated to combine the South Carolina data with abutment-scour data from other sources and evaluate the upper bound of abutment scour with the larger data set. To facilitate this analysis, a literature review was conducted to identify potential sources of published data on abutment-scour, and selected data, consisting of 446 laboratory and 331 field measurements, were compiled for the analysis. These data encompassed a wide range of laboratory and field conditions and represent field data from six states within the United States. The data set was used to evaluate the South Carolina abutment-scour envelope curves. Additionally, the data were used to evaluate a dimensionless abutment-scour envelope curve developed by Melville (1992), highlighting the distinct difference in the upper bound for laboratory and field data. The envelope curves evaluated in this investigation provide simple but useful tools for assessing the potential maximum abutmentscour depth in the field.


In this paper we discuss a method for construction of algebraic wavelet coefficients, i.e. wavelet coefficients lying in an algebraic extension field of Q. The method relies on a strengthened version of theorem due to L. Fejer and F. Riesz. As an application, we prove that the Daubechies wavelets have algebraic wavelet coefficients. We show that there exist uncountably many transcendent scaling coefficient sequences. Furthermore, we prove that the set of parameters for algebraic wavelet coefficient sequences (up to a given length) is dense in the parameter space of the Pollen parametrization. Algebraic wavelet coefficient sequences may lead to faster processing units in VLSI implementations of the fast wavelet transform.


Aim: The use of Azathioprine (AZA) in the prevention of organ rejection during transplantation has been documented for different organs of the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of azathioprine on the integrity of the testis of Wistar rats using histological and histochemical techniques. Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats with mean weight 210±2.65 g were randomly assigned into three groups. Group I (control) received 1 ml of normal saline "per os" (p.o), group II animals received 10 mg/kg AZA (p.o) while group III animals received 20 mg/kg AZA (p.o). Treatment lasted for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after treatment, animals were sacrificed; their testes excised, weighed and fixed in Bouin's fluid for histological evaluation using Haematoxylin and Eosin while histochemical studies were carried out using Gordon and Sweets, and Masson's Trichrome staining techniques. Testicular homogenate was used to assay for testosterone level. Results: Treatment with Azathioprine reduced testosterone level while the histological and histochemical findings of the testicular sections revealed cyto-architectural distortions and reduced staining intensity of collagen and reticulin connective tissue fibers in AZA treated animals compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results from the study reveal that the immunosuppressive drugazathioprine when used at a concentration above 10 mg/kg disrupts the testicular integrity of adult Wistar rats.


A theoretical and computational study has been carried out for compressive loading of a thin circular embedded delamination located below a cylindrical surface. The delaminated member is subjected to nominally uniaxial and balanced biaxial loading with the main objective to analyze its influence on surface curvature especially as regards imminent crack growth. The analysis is based on nonlinear shell theory combined with linear fracture mechanics. A finite element program earlier developed for delaminated plates has been generalized to apply also for shells and used to determine energy release rates and mode intensities along the delaminated front. A parameter study, is made of the influence of curvature of the delaminated shell in particular as regards initiation and stability of crack growth.


Background . Meningococcal disease is socially significant, deadly infectious disease characterized by severe and unpredictable course. Clinical case description . The article describes clinical case of repeated generalized infection and meningitis with laboratory unknown etiology, classic picture of meningococcal disease, typical vaccination history, and smooth course of the period between episodes in 6.2-year-old girl. Conclusion . The point of this case is the rare registration of recurrent cases of bacterial meningitis, as well as rare possibility of meningococcal disease diagnosis in clinical practice without laboratory confirmation of the pathogen.


This study has analyzed the effect of the housing affordability improvement of the residents in the metropolitan areas, applying Transit Supportive Home Loan (TSHL) which extends the loan amount according to the transportation cost saving based on Location Efficiency Mortgage (LEM) System in the USA. The previous studies focused on introducing LEM system to Korea, whereas this study has analyzed TSHL effect for the first time, taking into account the situation in Korea. For analysis, The Transportation Savings (TS) is calculated and Housing Affordability Index (HAI) is drawn by applying increased TS and DTI (Debt to Income), so the improvements of housing purchasing ability is examined by HAI's improvement. As a result, transit commute 1 (having own car) and transit commute 2 (without having own cars) respectively produce the TS of monthly average 36 thousand won and 110 thousand won in comparison with car using commute. Each additional loan (TSHL) amounts to 16.57 million won and 54.07 million won. As the distance is farther and the house price cheaper, the improvement of HAI is more outstanding. City hall area showed the highest improvements of HAI by 9.3% (transit commute 1) and 21.9% (transit commute 2) increase, in comparison with car using commute.


Neurosecretory cells in corpus cardiacum of insects synthesize a set of hormones that are called adipokinetic, hypertrehalosaemic or hyperprolinaemic, depending on insect in question. This study investigated effects of chronic administration of Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone (Ani‐AKH), Libellula auripennis adipokinetic hormone (Lia‐AKH), and Phormia‐Terra hypertrehalosaemic hormone (Pht‐HrTH) on depression, anxiety, analgesy, locomotion in forced swimming (FST), elevated plus‐maze (EPM), hot plate, and locomotor activity tests. Ani‐AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), Lia‐AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), and Pht‐HrTH (1 and 2 mg/kg) had antidepressant effects in forced swimming test. Lia‐AKH (2 mg/kg) and Pht‐HrTH (1 and 2 mg/kg) had anxiolytic effects when given chronically in elevated plus‐maze test. Ani‐AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg) and Pht‐HrTH (2 mg/kg) had antinociceptive effects in hot plate test in male balb‐c mice. Ani‐AKH (2 mg/kg), Lia‐AKH (1 and 2 mg/kg), and Pht‐HrTH had locomotion‐enhancing effects in locomotor activity test in male balb‐c mice. Drug treatment significantly increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) gene expression levels compared to control levels. Pht‐HrTH and Ani‐AKH groups had significantly increased numbers of BrdU‐labeled cells, while neurodegeneration was lower in the Pht‐HrTH group. Our study showed that AKH/RPCH family peptides may be used in treatment of psychiatric illness such as depression and anxiety, in treatment of pain and in diseases related to locomotion system. AKH/RPCH family peptides increase neurotrophic factors in brain and have potential proliferative and neuroprotective effects in hippocampal neurogenesis and neurodegeneration.


Abstract Three microemulsions containing cosurfactant 2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol, 1% aqueous KBr, dodecane, and either didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with conductivities and viscosities appropriate for electrolytic applications were prepared. These fluids were characterized further by measuring diffusion coefficients of electrochemical probes and pyrene fluorescence peak ratios characteristic of polarity and viscosity of the oil phase. A microemulsion of DDAB/2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol/1% aq. KBr/dodecane (7.3/36/22.7/34 by weight) had the highest conductivity and lowest viscosity and gave the most positive reduction potential for 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl of the four-component fluids examined. Electrochemical catalytic reduction of 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl was done with this fluid, a lead electrode, and zinc phthalocyanine as catalyst with only a small loss of current efficiency compared to a previously used 3-component 21% DDAB microemulsion. The four-component 7.3% DDAB microemulsion was prepared at half the cost of the three-component 21% DDAB microemulsion. On the basis of diffusion, conductivity, and fluorescence studies, the structure of the 7.3% DDAB microemulsion is probably bicontinuous.


How do humans learn to adapt their motor actions to achieve task success? Recent behavioral and patient studies have challenged the classic notion that motor learning arises solely from the errors produced during a task, suggesting instead that explicit cognitive strategies can act in concert with the implicit, error"based, motor learning component. Here, we show that the earliest wave of directionally-tuned neuromuscular activity that occurs within ~100 ms of peripheral visual stimulus onset is selectively influenced by the implicit component of motor learning. In contrast, the voluntary neuromuscular activity associated with reach initiation, which evolves ~100 to 200 ms later is influenced by both the implicit and explicit components of motor learning. The selective influence of the implicit, but not explicit, component of motor learning on the earliest cascade of neuromuscular activity supports the notion that these components of motor learning can differentially influence descending motor pathways.


The need for a standardized NAS definition and surveillance methodology is well known; we identify weaknesses in the recently proposed CSTE NAS definition. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increase in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has underscored the need for NAS surveillance programs, but many rely on passive surveillance using unverified diagnosis codes. Few studies have evaluated the validity of these codes, and no study has assessed the recently proposed Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) case definition. The Florida Birth Defects Registry investigated the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes related to NAS (P96.1 and P04.49) and assessed the sensitivity of the CSTE case definition. METHODS: We identified a sample of infants born during 2016 coded with P96.1 and/or P04.49. Record review was completed for 128 cases coded with P96.1, 68 with P04.49, and 7 with both codes. Lacking consensus regarding a gold standard definition of NAS, we used clinical data to classify each case using the Florida and CSTE definitions. The code-specific accuracy was measured by using the positive predictive value (PPV). The clinical characteristics indicative of NAS were compared for case classification based on both definitions. RESULTS: By using the Florida definition, the overall PPV was 68% but varied by code: 95.3% for P96.1 and 13.2% for P04.49. The overall (47.8%) and code-specific PPVs were lower by using the CSTE definition. Comparison of clinical characteristics demonstrated that 60.7% of cases classified as no NAS by using the CSTE definition had robust clinical signs of NAS. In our sample, the CSTE case definition underestimated NAS prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Only the P96.1 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code displayed high accuracy. Discordance in NAS case definitions and surveillance methodologies may result in erroneous comparisons and conclusions that negatively impact NAS-related surveillance and research.


In this paper, the effects of an aperture size and polarization type have been investigated by means of measurement results in comparison with simulation. In the investigation, metallic enclosures having different size of apertures were considered that there were 12 mm thick wooden blocks covering the inner faces of them. Measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 2.6 GHz to 9 GHz for both vertical and horizontal position of transmitting antenna with respect to longitudinal aperture orientation. It has been observed that the rectangular apertures have better electrical shielding effectiveness (ESE) than square apertures varying from 5 dB up to 28 dB. The ESE of these rectangular apertures which have especially long length and short width has higher values in vertical than horizontal polarization.


This paper proposes a new approach for physical layer authentication where transmissions are authenticated based on the single-input/multiple-output channel-states observed at multiple distributed antenna-arrays. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) are derived in terms of closed form expressions for the false alarm and missed detection probability in order to evaluate the effectiveness compared to single-array authentication. To this end, we study the worst-case missed detection probability based on the optimal attacker position. Finally, we apply our previously developed queueing analytical tools, based on stochastic network calculus, in order to assess the delay performance impacts of the physical layer authentication scheme in a mission-critical communication scenario. Our results show that the distributed approach significantly outperforms single-array authentication in terms of worst-case missed detection probability and that this can help mitigating the delay performance impacts of authentication false alarms.


A multiresidue method for isolation and liquid chromatographic determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in milk is presented. The sensitivity of the method is adequate to meet the needs of regulatory agencies. The European Community established 100 micrograms/kg as the maximum residue limit (MRL) in milk for TC, CTC, and OTC. Recoveries exceeded 80% for all tetracyclines at all levels, with good precision. Correlation coefficients of standards curves for individual tetracyclines isolated from fortified samples ranged from 0.991 for CTC to 0.998 for OTC. Other antibiotics that might interfere with analysis did not interfere with elution times of OTC, TC, and CTC. The procedure is rapid, precise, and quantitative and requires minimal preparation and minimal use of organic solvents. It can be applied to routine surveillance programs. We can prepare 10 samples for analysis in about 1.45 h.


The electromagnetic scattering problem of a conducting infinite circular cylinder partially shielded with a finite two-layer dielectric coating has been analyzed. Cylindrical eigenfunctions with unknown modal coefficients are used to expand the interior EM fields in terms of Fourier-Bessel series. Enforcing field boundary conditions at the dielectric-dielectric interface leads to a single set of modal coefficients for field expansions inside the inner and the outer dielectric layers. Replacing the dielectric coating with the induced polarization sources and utilizing pertinent Green's functions, the dielectric-scattered fields are then formulated in terms of the modal coefficients. Imposing field equivalence conditions yields sets of linear algebraic equations for numerical computation of the unknown modal coefficients and subsequently other parameters of interest. Computed backscattered fields based on the modal technique developed are compared to experimental and numerical data obtained for the 2-D problem of a dielectric coated conducting cylinder.


In this work, atrazine functions as a template molecule, and trifluoromethacrylic acid(TFMAA), methacrylic acid(MAA), methyl methacrylate(MMA), and acrylamide(AM) serve as functional monomers, respectively. By using density functional theory(DFT), the computational approach was carried out to simulate the self-assembly system of template and functional monomer. The geometry optimization, action sites, binding energies, and molecular imprinting mechanism of complexes with different functional monomers in different proportions were predicted. The simulation results showed that atrazine and the functional monomers interacted through hydrogen bond. Among the 4 functional monomers, the imprinted complex formed by TFMAA and atrazine with a ratio of(1:6) has the lowest binding energy and the best imprinting effect. Then, the microspheres of molecularly imprinted polymer(MIPs) were prepared by precipitating polymerization using atrazine as the template molecule and TFMAA as the functional monomer. The microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that atrazine MIP microspheres had average particle size of 400 nm, which was greater than the non-imprinted polymeric microspheres(NIPs). Dynamic adsorption experiments of MIPs showed that the adsorption reaction reached balance after 200 min. Analysis of the Scatchard plot revealed that the binding sites of MIPs to atrazine were equal class under the studied concentration range. The dissociation constant(Kd) and apparent maximum adsorption quantity(Qmax) of MIPs were 3.6×10-5 mol/L and 4.83 μmol/g, respectively. The study of selective adsorption between atrazine and metribuzin showed that imprinted microspheres had high selectivity for the template molecule atrazine.


In the context of edge computing, IoT-as-a-Service (IoTaaS) with IoT data hubs and execution services allow IoT tenant applications (apps) to be executed next to IoT devices, enabling edge analytics and controls. However, this brings up new security challenges on controlling tenant apps in IoTaaS, whilst the great potential of IoTaaS can only be realized by flexible security mechanisms to govern such applications. In this paper, we propose a Model-Driven Security policy enforcement framework, named MDSIoT, for IoT tenant apps deployed in edge servers. This framework allows execution policies specified at the model level and then transformed into the code that can be deployed for policy enforcement at runtime. Moreover, our approach supports for the interoperability of IoT tenant apps when deployed in the edge to access IoTaaS services. The interoperability is enabled by an intermediate proxy layer (gatekeeper) that abstracts underlying communication protocols to the different IoTaaS services from IoT tenant apps. Therefore, our approach supports different IoT tenant apps to be deployed and controlled automatically, independently from their technologies, e.g. programming languages. We have developed a proof-of-concept of the proposed gatekeepers based on ThingML, derived from execution policies. Thanks to the ThingML tool, we can generate platform-specific code of gatekeepers that can be deployed in the edge for controlling IoT tenant apps based on the execution policies.


This paper deals with the issue of the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in fire and rescue services in several common problematic situations in which these rescue units operate. In the introductory chapter, the work defines factual terms and definitions related to the categorization of unmanned aerial vehicles in connection with the active legislation of the Slovak Republic and chronologically describes their historical development. Subsequently, it analyzes the current state of the issue in the Slovak Republic, and then compares it with the state of use of unmanned aerial vehicles in rescue services of the same purpose abroad. The main task of this work is to design and evaluate a possible solution to this issue. Other goals of this work include the creation of a theoretical base, which can be used for the practical application of the proposed solutions for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles of fire and rescue services.


Abstract The recently uplifted and exposed Pliocene and Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the neotectonic Polis graben provides an excellent opportunity to understand extensional basin development in a marine setting. Fieldwork, facies analysis and dating using nannofossils and strontium isotopes reveal how the sedimentary conditions evolved during infill of the Polis graben during Pliocene and Pleistocene time, and allow a composite succession for the depocentre to be determined for the first time. Six lithofacies are recognized in the northern Polis graben, allowing evolving palaeoenvironments to be inferred. By the end of Miocene time (Messinian) a major c. N–S-trending graben was established; extensional faulting continued during the Pliocene–Pleistocene until recent time. Post-Messinian salinity crisis deposition began with deposition of hemipelagic muds (c. 5.08–2.76 Ma), equivalent to the Nicosia Formation. This was followed by upwards incoming of repeated normal-graded bioclastic carbonates (couplets) (c. 2.76–1.6 Ma), which are interpreted as age-equivalents of the Athalassa Formation elsewhere in Cyprus. The upwards sudden facies change is explained by tectonically controlled shallowing which enabled neritic carbonate production on the basin margins. The appearance of basement-derived material (e.g. ophiolitic extrusive detritus) in the highest stratigraphic levels of the basin fill in the north (c. 1.7–1.6 Ma) reflects onset of rapid surface uplift focused on the Troodos ophiolitic massif. Overall, the syntectonic basin infill appears to document a two-stage, pulsed uplift related to early-stage collision of the African and Eurasian plates in the easternmost Mediterranean region.


A deformation experiment has been developed specifically for the purpose of validation of dislocation dynamics simulations of plastic flow up to strains on the order of 1% [1]. The experiment has been designed so that a compressive uniaxial stress field is essentially super imposed on the test sample, and the crystal is free to deform with 3 orthogonal translation directions, and 3 rotation/tilt axes of freedom and has been given the name ''6-degrees of freedom'' (6DOF) experiment. The rotation, tilt and translation of the crystal are monitored by 5 laser displacement gages and 3 extensometers. Experiments are being performed on high purity Mo single crystals orientated for ''single slip''. All of the experiments are performed in pairs, with one test sample having highly polished surfaces for optical light and AFM slip-trace analyses, and the other having 4 strain gage rosettes mounted on the sides for measurement of the bi-axial surface strains during testing. All of the experimental data is used together to determine the slip activity of the orientated single crystal during deformation. Experimental results on high-purity Mo single crystals are presented. The results of these experiments show that slip behavior is in substantial deviation from the expected ''Schmid'' behavior.more » These experimental results bring into question some of the fundamental assumptions used in both the construction of crystal plasticity constitutive relationships and rules for dislocation mobility use in 3-D dislocation dynamics simulations.« less


Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging is an emerging technique in body imaging that provides indirect information about the microenvironment of tissues and lesions and helps detect, characterize, and follow up abnormalities. Two main challenges in the application of DW imaging to body imaging are the decreased signal-to-noise ratio of body tissues compared with neuronal tissues due to their shorter T2 relaxation time, and image degradation related to physiologic motion (eg, respiratory motion). Use of smaller b values and newer motion compensation techniques allow the evaluation of anatomic structures with DW imaging. DW imaging can be performed as a breath-hold sequence or a free-breathing sequence with or without respiratory triggering. Depending on the mobility of water molecules in their microenvironment, different normal tissues have different signals at DW imaging. Some normal tissues (eg, lymph nodes, spleen, ovarian and testicular parenchyma) are diffusion restricted, whereas others (eg, gallbladder, corpora cavernosa, endometrium, cartilage) show T2 shine-through. Epiphyses that contain fatty marrow and bone cortex appear dark on both DW images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Current and emerging applications of DW imaging in pediatric body imaging include tumor detection and characterization, assessment of therapy response and monitoring of tumors, noninvasive detection and grading of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, detection of abscesses, and evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease.


Worldwide timely prevention is one of the main tasks in the fight against anemia. Therefore, the development and introduction of new iron preparations does not lose importance in order to provide the pharmaceutical market with anti-anamnetics. One of the promising approaches to the development of such drugs may be the creation of highly stable iron compounds. In this context, one of the promising groups of the compounds of the iron is the so-called clathohelasts, or macrobicyclic complexes. The article presents the parameters of acute toxicity of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes in laboratory animals. Experimental studies were conducted under the conditions of vivarium and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The indicative experiment was conducted in order to obtain primary information about the range of doses that are close to the average fatal indicator. Then 7 groups of 6 white mice-males in each were formed based on the principle of analogues. Having conducted the indicative experiment in order to obtain primary information about the range of doses that are close to the average fatal indicator, 7 groups of 6 white mice-males in each were formed based on the principle of analogues. Single intravenous solution of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes was administered to the animals of the experimental groups and they were observed during 14 days. The features of behavior, intake of food and water were noticed, symptoms of intoxication and death of animals were recorded. As a result of the studies, it was found that the average mortality dose of the test substance for internal administration to white mise is 1258.3 ± 144.87 mg/kg body weight. According to the classification of chemicals by the degree of danger (GOST 12.1.007-76), of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes corresponds to the third class of hazard, and according to the classification of substances for toxicity it belong to class IV and as for its toxicity it is "low toxic substances".


The reactively loaded parasitic array radiator (RL-ESPAR) receiver has been acknowledged due to its compactness, fabrication cost and reconfigurability; showing significant beam-forming trade-off capabilities compared to conventional multi-element receiver ends. When used on reception, one relevant problem is to find the value of the reactance loadings to obtain the best signal to noise ratio performance. In the current paper, we compare the performance of digital and analog coherent combining over RL-ESPAR. Particularly, digital combining is realized by virtually rotating such a receiver and then applying the known maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique. On the other hand, analog combining is realized by synthesizing MRC on the reactance loadings via a technique that relies on the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation method (SPSA) method (widely applied on ESPAR in the literature). We show that analog combining exceeds digital combining and single dipole reception by around 3 dBs and 4 dBs via the proposed technique, respectively.


Using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the presence of FTS in two fishes; the size of epithelial cells of the carp is smaller than of the bass.


The authors review the status of objective voice quality technology, including four newer techniques being considered by CCITT. Also included are results of applying the four methods to a speech dataset that represents three different languages and a variety of impairments. Data are used to compare and contrast the relative advantages and disadvantages of the assessment techniques. A discussion of problems involving with interpreting results of objective performance tests is presented. Finally, the relative reliability and accuracy of objective and subjective techniques are discussed and compared.<<ETX>>


The development of functional T cells requires receptor-mediated transition through multiple checkpoints in the thymus. Double negative 3 (DN3) thymocytes are selected for the presence of a rearranged TCR beta chain in a process termed β-selection which requires signalling via the pre-TCR, Notch1 and CXCL12. Signal integration by these receptors converges on core pathways including the Phosphatidylinositol–3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) is generally thought to be negatively regulated by the PI3K pathway but its role in β-selection has not been characterised. Here we show that developmental progression of DN3 thymocytes is promoted following inhibition of GSK3 by the synthetic compound CHIR99021. CHIR99021 allows differentiation in the absence of pre-TCR-, Notch1- or CXCL12-mediated signalling. It antagonizes IL-7-mediated inhibition of DP thymocyte differentiation and increases IL-7-promoted cell recovery. These data indicate a potentially important role for inactivation of GSK3 during β-selection. They might help to establish an in vitro stromal cell-free culture system of thymocyte development and offer a new platform for screening regulators of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.


Abstract This paper was written as thanks for compliments offered at award proceedings at the 2010 IIFET. It deals with the past and future of fishery economics. A short historical account (or "pedigree") shows that while fisheries have been mentioned by historians of old economies, their writings chiefly covered only the fish trade. This was also true of early economists, such as Petty and Adam Smith. It was marine biologists who were to show the way. Around the time of the Great War, the first bits of genuine fishery economic analysis appeared. These, however, were generally disregarded until Scott Gordon's 1954 article caused what Thomas Kuhn calls a "revolution." My own paper appeared a year later. There followed what looked like decades of comparative calmness in ocean economics. The advent of individual catch quotas has now widened and deepened the interest in fishery problems and those "paradigms" related to them, such as those appropriate to fishery self-government. The new problems and possibilities have drawn in lively and creative participants. They work in the front ranks of applied economics, and the author is proud to have been honoured by them. JEL Classification Code: Q220


This book examines the comic and philosophical aspects of Apuleius' "Metamorphoses," the ancient Roman novel also known as "The Golden Ass." The tales that comprise the novel, long known for their bawdiness and wit, describe the adventures of Lucius, a man who is transformed into an ass. Carl Schlam argues that the work cannot be seen as purely comic or wholly serious; he says that the entertainment offered by the novel includes a vision of the possibilities of grace and salvation.Many critics have seen a discontinuity between the comedic aspects of the first ten tales and the more elevated account in the eleventh of the initiation of Lucius into the cult of Isis. But Schlam uncovers patterns of narrative and a thematic structure that give coherence to the adventures of Lucius and to the diversity of tales embedded in the principal narrative. Schlam sees a single seriocomic purpose pervading the narrative, which is marked by elements of burlesque as well as intimations of an ethical religious purpose.As Schlam points out, however, the world of second-century Rome cannot easily be divided into the sacred and the secular. Such neat distinctions were largely unknown in the ancient world, and Apuleius' tales are a part of a tradition, flowing from Homer, that addressed both religious and philosophical issues.Originally published in 1992.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.


Visual object recognition plays an essential role in human daily life. This ability is so efficient that we can recognize a face or an object seemingly without effort, though they may vary in position, scale, pose, and illumination. In the field of computer vision, a large number of studies have been carried out to build a human-like object recognition system. Recently, deep neural networks have shown impressive progress in object classification performance, and have been reported to surpass humans. Yet there is still lack of thorough and fair comparison between humans and artificial recognition systems. While some studies consider artificially degraded images, human recognition performance on dataset widely used for deep neural networks has not been fully evaluated. The present paper carries out an extensive experiment to evaluate human classification accuracy on CIFAR10, a well-known dataset of natural images. This then allows for a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art deep neural networks. Our CIFAR10-based evaluations show very efficient object recognition of recent CNNs but, at the same time, prove that they are still far from human-level capability of generalization. Moreover, a detailed investigation using multiple levels of difficulty reveals that easy images for humans may not be easy for deep neural networks. Such images form a subset of CIFAR10 that can be employed to evaluate and improve future neural networks.


mFEI Company Introduces the Class 1 Clean room-Compatible XL850 Defect Review and Inspection Tool, a member of FEl's XLBOO family of advanced defect review, analysis, and characterization tools. Now the industry's highest SEM imaging performance is achieved in a cleanroomcompatible system with a robot cassette loader. It is specifically designed for evaluation, yield management, and failure analysis applications supporting design rules to 0.1 B microns and beyond. Cleanroom Compatibility: The XL850 has dual cassette robotics for Class 1 cieanrooms. The ability to provide inline process monitoring and defect characterization means direct access to critical production and development process information and improved response time. Wafers do not need to be removed from the cleanroom for analysis, so results are immediate. Highest Resolution Available: The XL850 offers the highest resolution available and low voltage operation, with 3 nm resolution from 1 to 30 kV. This performance is achieved even up to a 60° tilted view and at a very short 5 mm working distance. The operator can switch directly between field-free mode offering large-area, low-magnification images with low distortion levels and large depth of field and the immersion mode for the highest resolution imaging of sub-quarter-micron features and defects. The new electron column also offers balanced-field, in-!ens detection of both backscattered and secondary electrons to provide exceptional topographic detail, down hole visibility, and enhanced grain boundary imaging. Simplicity of Operation: for maximum simplicity of operation plus data integration, the XL850 incorporates predictive software control and a Windows® GUL. New operators can be trained to use it in just a few hours.


A two-week bile duct ligation (BDL) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats raised the serum billirubin level and decreased the mean arterial blood pressure and renal cortical ATP contents compared with those in sham-operated (SO) rats (3.6 +/- 1.15 mg% vs 0.54 +/- 0.36, P less than 0.001; 69 +/- 24 mmHg vs 86 +/- 21, P less than 0.05; 3.72 +/- 0.86 x 10(-10) mol/mg tissue vs 7.27 +/- 0.18, P less than 0.05). No difference could be found in the medullary ATP contents (8.42 +/- 2.20 vs 8.70 +/- 2.80, P = NS). In SO rats, injection of endotoxin (0.7 mg/kg BW) and E. coli (3.1 x 10(5) bacteria/100 g BW) reduced cortical ATP content to 1.86 +/- 0.97 and 1.30 +/- 0.47 (P less than 0.001), and medullar ATP to 1.33 +/- 0.31 and 2.12 +/- 0.46 (P less than 0.001) respectively. In BDL rats, the same treatment led to further decrease in cortical ATP to 1.25 +/- 0.40 and 0.62 +/- 0.20, medullary ATP to 0.97 +/- 0.41 and 1.64 +/- 0.83 (P less than 0.001). Basal Na-K ATPase activity in BDL is the same compared with that in SO both in the cortex (2.85 +/- 2.2 mumol/mgpr/h vs 2.19 +/- 0.75; P = NS) and medulla (2.79 +/- 1.83 vs 3.05 +/- 1.38; P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Auditions form the gold standard for hiring practices in symphonic orchestras around the world. Nevertheless, research examining how auditions are evaluated by panel members remains sparse. The purpose of this brief research note is to present findings from a pilot project examining the feedback content of audition panelists during a realistic mock audition. Feedback received by 16 academy members of an internationally renowned orchestra was analyzed using inductive content analysis. A key finding of this study was that panelists tended to provide much more feedback related to improving expressivity (61.8%), compared with feedback on technique (24.5%) or other factors (e.g., tuning; 13.7%). As advancing our understanding of how orchestra auditions are evaluated may have considerable practical implications for how music educators can aid students in preparing for a successful transition to the professional circuit, we hope our pilot project might spur on future work investigating this important topic.


Abstract Established methods of recruiting population controls for case–control studies in infectious disease outbreak investigations are resource- and time-intensive, and are often subject to bias. The online panel have recently gained interest as an easy and timely method to select controls. We examined the feasibility, suitability and reliability of using an online panel to select controls for case–control studies as part of investigations of diffuse food and waterborne outbreaks. In January 2019, we deployed a web survey by email to the 277 members of a non-probabilistic online panel in Lower Saxony, Germany. We questioned them on basic sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits. They were frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Their food exposures were compared to those of traditionally recruited controls of four historical case–controls studies, which successfully investigated food and waterborne outbreaks. We used logistic regressions to assess the association between the food exposures and the disease (odds ratios). The use of a control panel successfully led to the identification of the food items in three of the four historical outbreak investigations, and their recruitment benefitted from increased speed and limited costs. Timely outbreak investigations would enable rapidly implementing control measures. We recommend the further evaluation of using panellists as controls in parallel case–control studies and case–panel studies.


Objective: To determine factors associated with variation in bicycle helmet use by youth of different industrialized countries. Design: A multinational cross sectional nationally representative survey of health behaviors including symptoms, risk taking, school setting, and family context. Setting: School based survey of 26 countries. Subjects: School students, ages 11, 13, and 15 years totaling 112 843. Outcome measures: Reported frequency of bicycle helmet use among bicycle riders. Results: Reported helmet use varied greatly by country from 39.2% to 1.9%, with 12 countries reporting less than 10% of the bicycle riders as frequent helmet users and 14 countries more than 10%. Reported helmet use was highest at 11 years and decreased as children's age increased. Use was positively associated with other healthy behaviors, with parental involvement, and with per capita gross domestic product of the country. It is negatively associated with risk taking behaviors. Countries reported to have interventions promoting helmet use, exemplified by helmet giveaway programmes, had greater frequency of reported helmet use than those without programmes. Conclusions: Bicycle helmet use among young adolescents varies greatly between countries; however, helmet use does not reach 50% in any country. Age is the most significant individual factor associated with helmet for helmet using countries. The observation that some helmet promotion programmes are reported for countries with relatively higher student helmet use and no programmes reported for the lowest helmet use countries, suggests the possibility of a relation and the need for objective evaluation of programme effectiveness.


Differential Evolution (DE) is based on both an evolutionary strategy and a parallel direct search method employing a population. DE is an effective optimization method available for solving global optimization problem over continuous space. DE has a few control parameters that have to be set by users. This paper describes a new DE using Down-hill Simplex Method. Then we consider average distance of a new DE and we examine DE to choice a proposal method or the other proposal method according to the average distance. The feasibility and advantage of the proposed DE are demonstrated through some numerical simulations using four different typical global optimization test problems.


On behalf of the Hokusai VTE Cancer Investigators The treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is challenging because these patients are at increased risk of both recurrent VTE and major bleeding. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment is standard care for these patients, but requires daily subcutaneous injections. Guidelines recommend LMWH treatment for 6 months, but the risk-benefit beyond this time is uncertain. Direct oral anticoagulants are used for the treatment of VTE in patients without cancer, but their role in patients with cancer- associated VTE is uncertain. In this randomized, open-label non-inferiority trial, cancer patients with acute symptomatic or incidental VTE were assigned to receive LMWH for a minimum of 5 days followed by the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban at a dose of 60 mg once daily (or 30 mg once daily in patients with a creatinine clearance of 30 to 50 ml per minute or a body weight below 60 kg), or subcutaneous dalteparin 200 units per kg once daily for one month followed by 150 units per kg thereafter. Patients received these regimens for up to 12 months. The primary outcome was the composite of the first recurrent VTE or major bleeding event during follow-up for 12 months. Secondary outcomes included recurrent VTE and major bleeding analyzed separately, and survival free of recurrent VTE or major bleeding. The study hypothesis was that edoxaban would be noninferior to dalteparin for the primary outcome with an upper 95% confidence interval [CI] for the hazard ratio below 1.5, and a two-sided alpha of 0.05. All outcomes were independently adjudicated by a committee without knowledge of treatment allocation. This committee also assessed the clinical severity of major bleeding events using categorical criteria defined a priori (categories 1 to 4). From July 2015 through December 2016 a total of 1050 patients were enrolled at 114 centers in 13 countries; 525 were randomized to edoxaban and 525 to dalteparin. At entry, pulmonary embolism with or without deep-vein thrombosis was present in 657 patients (63%) while the remainder had isolated deep-vein thrombosis. Of the 1050 patents, 706 (67%) had symptomatic VTE and the rest were incidental. Active cancer at entry was present in 97% of the patients and 53% had metastatic disease. 1046 patients were included in the modified-intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome occurred in 67 of 522 patients (12.8%) in the edoxaban group compared with 71 of 524 patients (13.5%) in the dalteparin group (hazard ratio with edoxaban, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.36; P = 0.0056 for noninferiority) for a risk difference (edoxaban minus dalteparin) of - 0.7% (95% CI, - 4.8 to 3.4). The difference in risk for recurrent VTE was -3.8 % (95% CI, -7.1 to -0.4), whereas the corresponding difference in risk for major bleeding was 3.1% (95% CI, 0.5 to 5.7). The frequencies of severe major bleeding events (categories 3 and 4) were similar during treatment with edoxaban or dalteparin (12 patients in each group respectively). Survival at 12 months free of recurrent VTE and major bleeding in the edoxaban and dalteparin groups was similar (55.0% and 56.5% respectively). Oral edoxaban for up to 12 months is noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. Disclosures Raskob:BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Eli Lilly: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Johnson and Johnson: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Portola: Consultancy; Boehringer-Ingelheim: Consultancy; Medscape: Honoraria; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria. Van Es:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Verhamme:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Portola: Consultancy; Medscape: Honoraria; Leo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi Aventis: Research Funding; Medtronic: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Carrier:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Leo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Di Nisio:Daiichi: Consultancy, Honoraria. Garcia:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medscape: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Grosso:Daiichi Sankyo: Employment. Kakkar:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy, Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi SA: Consultancy, Honoraria; Verseon: Consultancy, Honoraria. Kovacs:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Mercuri:Daiichi Sankyo: Employment, Patents & Royalties: pending properties of edoxaban . Meyer:BMS Pfizer: Research Funding; Leo: Other: travel support; Stago: Other: travel support. Segers:Ionis: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Shi:Daiichi Sankyo: Employment. Wang:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Yeo:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Leo: Consultancy, Honoraria. Zhang:Daiichi Sankyo: Employment. Zwicker:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Quercegen Pharma: Research Funding; Parexel: Consultancy. Weitz:Daiichi-Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medscape: Consultancy, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria. Buller:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Honoraria; Portola: Consultancy; Medscape: Honoraria; Eli Lilly: Consultancy; Sanofi Aventis: Consultancy; Ionis: Consultancy.


Pseudotumor Cerebri (PTC) is an uncommon disorder whose etiology is largely unknown, although its association with steroid withdrawal, hypervitaminosis A, and the use of the tetracycline group of drugs has been well documented. We report here a case in which a patient on chronic divalproex therapy for a seizure disorder developed PTC. Changing his antiepileptic medication from divalproate to topiramate effected a remission of PTC symptoms while maintaining his seizure-free status. It is recommended that physicians treating epilepsy, vascular headaches, or mood disorders with divalproate consider the diagnosis of PTC when their patients complain of new onset of headaches or an increase in frequency or severity of existing headaches—especially those associated with a visual disturbance—to prevent permanent visual loss.


The authors present an interesting assessment of prepubertal boys who have been labelled with a diagnosis of chronic prostatitis (CP). Few of these children actually had a degree of pain or discomfort that would be sufficient for most physicians to identify them as having CP. As these children had voiding symptoms as the primary presentation and not pain, I suspect they would have been diagnosed with a dysfunctional voiding syndrome by most urologists. Epidemiological studies in adults with CP have not yet identified (or have not yet investigated) which men are at risk of developing the syndrome of CP/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). One can speculate that the children identified in this study might be our future patients with CP/CPPS. An important contribution to the field would be to follow these boys with dysfunctional voiding and genitourinary discomfort into adulthood, and determine if they are indeed the future patients with prostatitis. If this were true, then early intervention might be the key to preventing CP/CPPS in the adult.


Digital vascular flow in paucibacillary leprosy was assessed photoplethysmography (PPG). In PPG, infra-red light emitting diode and an adjacent photosensor detect the blood flow in cutaneous capillaries, as represented graphically on a strip-chart. In 29 (6F, 23 M) untreated paucibacillary leprosy patients (7TT, 16 BT and 6 purely neural type) having ailment on limb/limbs, suffering for 5 months to 12 years, PPG recording were done by applying the device to the distal phalanges of all the digits of four limbs serially with Velcro-strap at an ambient temperature of 28 °C - 30 °C and humidity of 60-70 percent. Diminished digital vascular flow of the affected limb/limbs was seen in long-standing cases suffering for > 2 years irrespective of the type, site, morphology or phase (reactional) of the disease. This may be mostly due to specific vascular changes rather than reactional or functional changes. Specific vascular changes are terminal arteritis, vasculitis of vasa nervorum or truncular arteritis, i.e.. tuberculoid lesions of the major arteries. Two patients, suffering for 1.5 years, paradoxically showed increased digital blood flow which is probably due to reactive hyperaemia or paralytic vasodilatation as a result of autosympathectomy.


Among the Hausa-Fulani women of Zaria, Nigeria, "cold" or "sanyi" is thought to be a common cause of illnesses, and especially edema (swelling) during pregnancy. The traditional treatment for these illnesses is a hot bath. The new mother or mother-to-be sleeps in an overheated room and must take baths in very hot water, called "wankan- jego," to keep out the cold. The birth attendant uses a bundle of leafy twigs from tamarind or neem trees to splash hot water over the women's body. This splashing hides the real temperature of the hot water over the women's body. This splashing hides the real temperature of the hot water so that she does not feel it, but it may actually be 82 degrees centigrade. Severe scalds often result from, such baths. Women confined during childbirth in the hospital and then discharged are still often subjected to the "wakan-jego" after they return home. Their thighs, buttocks and breasts are the most susceptible areas where these hot-water scald burns are the worst, sometimes even resulting in their nipples being sloughed off, thus making the mother unable to lactate. Since most deliveries in the Zaria region still take place at home and most patients with childbirth complications come to the hospital only as a last resort, it is possible that scald injuries are underreported and the total morbidity and mortality rate may be much higher, both of mothers and babies. Understanding this cultural ritual is necessary to devise effective countermeasures, like encouraging hand testing the bath water for its safety before commencing the baths. Better still, since all the scalded patients in the groups studied were illiterate housewives, formal education could disprove the need for these traditional and harmful hot baths to chase away the "cold" that has been falsely believed to be the cause of childbirth illnesses. [full text] Language: en


This research aims to know and test whether there is influence of transformational
leadership, stress, organizational commitment and motivation of the employees working in PT.
Satriagraha perfect, Krian areas-Sidoarjo.
The research method used is the quantitative approach. Sampling techniques using Sample Random
Sampling. Data collection techniques used by using a questionnaire. And data analysis is done
using Multiple Linear regression test with the help of SPSS Statistical Program version 21.0.
The results of the research there is a simultaneous influence between transformational leadership,
work stress, organizational commitment and motivation of working against the value of F is
equal to 889,782 and the value of sig. 0.000. While testing partially showed that each of the
variable effect on the motivation of transformational leadership t calculate with a value of $
2,587 sig. 0,011; work stress of-0,2920 sig. 0,004; and organizational commitment of GIS
12,329.0.000. The overall analysis it was concluded that the dominant organizational
commitment affect variables of motivation.


BACKGROUND
Chronic transplant glomerulopathy is an uncommon cause of chronic transplant dysfunction of unknown pathogenesis. We evaluated the epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic features of chronic transplant glomerulopathy. To determine the possible contribution of humoral immune responses, we assessed glomerular deposition of C4d.

METHODS
From a cohort of 1111 kidney transplants (1983 to 2001) with at least 6 months of graft function, we identified 18 cases with chronic transplant glomerulopathy (1.6%) showing double contours of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) on light microscopy. To assess the risk factors, this group was compared with 739 patients with stable function using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Paraffin sections of 11/18 biopsies were stained with polyclonal C4d antibodies. Sera of 13/18 patients could be tested for antidonor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with chronic allograft nephropathy without chronic transplant glomerulopathy or predominant cyclosporine nephrotoxicity were used as controls.

RESULTS
Chronic transplant glomerulopathy was diagnosed at a median of 8.3 (range 2.6-12.5) years posttransplantation. Panel reactive antibodies at time of transplantation, RR 1.23 (1.05-1.45) per 10% increase, and late acute rejection episodes, RR 7.6 (1.8-31.7), were independently associated with chronic transplant glomerulopathy. We found glomerular C4d deposits in 10/11 biopsies showing chronic transplant glomerulopathy and in only 2/13 controls. Peritubular capillary C4d deposits and donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies were demonstrated in 4 and 3 of the 10 patients with glomerular C4d deposits, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Presensitization and late acute rejection episodes were the risk factors identified. Glomerular C4d deposits suggest that chronic transplant glomerulopathy emerges from in situ humoral rejection. Chronic transplant glomerulopathy should be considered as a manifestation of immune-mediated injury.


Background Soccer, sports asymmetric, requiring different loads to the lower limbs as the player uses separately one leg to kick and the other one to jump and landing; in literature are studies that have described this asymmetry in terms of strength (Samadi et al., 2009; Rahnama et al., 2005) or ground reaction force in the landing (Sannicandro, 2008). Objective Analyzing the relationship between asymmetry of the strength of the lower capacity and ability to manage tasks in one-leg-standing balance in professional players. Design Descriptive research (correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables). Setting Soccer elite division in the off season. Participants 29 soccer players (25.3±2.7 year, 180.1±2.6 cm, 78.5±2.2 kg). Assessment of risk factors The maximal strength, the explosive strength and the balance test can be considered as indicators for to determine both the functional asymmetry of lower limbs both potential risk factors for soccer player. Main outcome measurements For each leg was assessed maximal strength (1RM) using a leg press (Technogym, Italy), explosive strength through hop test, the ability to balance by tilting platform electronics (DEB, Delos Italy). This instrument has provided the percentage of time that the player has complied with the assigned range of motion of ±2°. Results The assessment of maximal strength, explosive power and the balance returned respectively asymmetry averaged 9.9±7.2% to 6.6±5.3% and 11.4±3.2%. There was a correlation between 1RM and leg hop test for left and right respectively equal to r=0.55 and r=0.53 (p<0.01), a correlation between test and hop balance equal respectively to r=0.49 and r=0.47 (p<0.01). Conclusion The study describes the functional asymmetries of the lower limb in soccer players in relation to 1RM, the explosive strength and balance tasks in one-leg-standing. The correlation between values of explosive strength and balance tasks would suggest a functional relationship between two ability, as already hypothesised in literature (Gstöttner et al., 2009).


Cytosolic group IV phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme with key roles in intracellular signaling. The current paradigm for activation of cPLA2 by stimuli proposes that both an increase in intracellular calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation occur together to fully activate the enzyme. Calcium is currently thought to be needed for translocation of the cPLA2 to the membrane via a C2 domain, whereas the role of cPLA2 phosphorylation is less clearly defined. Herein, we report that brief exposure of P388D1 macrophages to UV radiation results in a rapid, cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid mobilization, without increases in intracellular calcium. Thus, increased Ca2+ availability is a dispensable signal for cPLA2 activation, which suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms for the enzyme to efficiently interact with membranes. Our previous in vitro data suggested the importance of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) in the association of cPLA2 to model membranes and hence in the regulation of cPLA2 activity. Experiments described herein show that PtdInsP2 also serves a similar role in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of PtdInsP2 formation during activation conditions leads to inhibition of the cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid mobilization. These results suggest that cellular PtdInsP2 levels are involved in the regulation of group IV cPLA2 activation.


We consider the strategic choice between product innovation and logistic optimization in a novel urban framework where consumers are distributed across the city and have different incomes depending on their location in the town. Depending on the relative efficiency of the product innovation process and the logistic innovation process as well as on the degree of spatial symmetry between the firms, both symmetric and asymmetric business strategy equilibria may arise, as well as both unique and multiple business strategy equilibria.


This paper presents a method for DC-Link voltage ripple reduction for a recently proposed modular multilevel (M2C) hybrid voltage source converter intended for the HVDC market. A mode of operation is described that enables both control of the modulation index and reduction of the DC-Link voltage and current ripple. This is achieved by superimposing multiple triplen harmonic components to the rectified fundamental component synthesised by the M2C Chain-Link converter.


"A clinic – pathological study of neck swelling excluding thyroid" is a prospective study of 100 cases. The study was conducted with an objective to know the various etiological factors and clinical factors and clinical presentation of the neck swelling and also to correlate the clinical diagnosis with FNAC and histopathological reports.
METHODS:
The study was conducted in J.S.S. Hospital Mysore during study period i.e. from August 2005 to 2007. 100 patients with neck swellings exclusion criteria were included in this study. After a detail history and clinical examination of neck swellings, patient were subjected for FNAC to confirm the diagnosis. Biopsy of the lymph node was performed when FNAC either negative or doubtful to confirm the diagnosis by histoathological examination. The Age/Sex distribution, clinical presentation, the investigations, the treatment modalities, complications were all evaluated and compared with standard literature.
RESULTS:
A total 100 patients were enlisted in this study, tubercular cervical lymphadenitis accounted for 55%. Maximum distribution was observed in the age group of 1-20 year (41.8%) followed by 21-04(36.3%), with the age range being 1-80 years. Among them 21 were male patients and 32 females with the female to male ratio being 1.5:1.48 patients (87.3%) belonged to the lower socio economic group. The commonest group of lymph node region involved was the upper deep jugular group accounting for 70.9% followed by posterior triangle lymphnode region accounting for 18.2%.
ESR was found to be elevated in all the patients. Sputum AEB was positive in 14 patients (25.5%).
Chest x-ray of 25 patients (45.5%) showed evidence of pulmonary Koch's FNAC was positive in 42 patient out of 46 patients, accuracy was 92%. FNAC was inconclusive in 4 patients and were subjected for lymphnode biopsy. Total of 13 patients underwent lymphnode biopsy. All patients
received short course of chemotherapy with follow up at monthly interval.
In our study, metastatsis in the cervical lymphnodes was the second commonest etiological factor among neck swellings, observed in 13 patient (13%). 11 were diagnosed as having sq cell ca and 2 as adeno ca. metastatic work up revealed the primary site for sq cell ca as tonsilar fossa, posterior pharynx, larynx accounting for 63.6%, 27.3% and 9.1% respectively. Out of 13 patients 11 were male and 2 females. All patients were subjected for FNAC with diagnostic accuracy of 100% 4 patients underwent FND. Out of these 4 patients, 2 patients were referred to higher centre for further management (chemo radiation) during follow up period. Two other patients didn't turned for follow up.
16 patients were diagnosed as having lymphadenitis. FNAC showed evidence of acute lymphadenitis in 7 patients and chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis in 7 patients. In 2 patients FNAC was inconclusive, who were subjected for biopsy. HPE of these patients revealed chornic non specific lymphandenitis.
6 cases were diagnosed as having lymphoma with the maximum occurrence observed in the age group of 41-60 years. The usual presentation was painless cervical lymphdenopathy.
Other neck swellings observed in our study were cystic hygroma in 4 patients, branchial cyst in 2 patients, and lipoma in 4 patients.
CONSLUSION
In our study TB lymphadenitis was the commonest cause for the neck swellings. Most of the cases studies were belonged to the low socioeconomic class. All the patients with tuberculosis did not show much constitutional symptoms, but few, patients presented with fever, cough, loss of weight, loss of appetite. Tuberculosis most commonly affects the upper deep cervical lymphnodes.
The sex ratio in TB lymphadenitis was M : F (1:1.5) showing that female predominance. Radiologically majority of the patients usually did not show the evidence of pulmonary Kochs. All patients of TB lymphadenitis showed good response to 6 months chemotherapy, surgery was rarely required. FNAC & histopathological examination were the main tools in diagnosis of the neck swellings.
 Surgery played a role in other benign neck swellings like branchail cyst, cystic hygroma and
lipoma.


Four cases of successful emergency resection and prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta for acute dissections are presented. Hypotensive medical therapy was either not applicable or was ineffectual in these patients. Although such therapy has been demonstrated to have a salutary effect in some cases, surgical evaluation should be a continuing process. The indications for surgery are failure to control progression of the dissection, continuing blood loss, instability of cardiac function, and continuing compromise of major aortic tributaries. In view of the dramatic results in these four critically ill patients and the poor results reported with simple repair, it is suggested that further consideration be given to resection and prosthetic graft replacement in patients with acute dissection of the ascending aorta.


The effect of aminophylline administered intravenously in dose 250 mg on plasma oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) concentration as well as on plasma adenosine deaminase activity and plasma AMP deaminase activity was studied in 17 patients with bronchial asthma or chronic cor pulmonale. Initial plasma oxypurines concentration was 47.5 +/- 10.4 mumol/l and one hour after aminophylline administration decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) to the value 40.3 +/- 8.8 mumol/l. Plasma adenosine deaminase activity increased significantly from 4.74 +/- 2.3 IU to 6.9 +/- 2.77 IU (p less than 0.01), while plasma AMP deaminase activity did not change. The above results suggest indirectly that intravenous administration of aminophylline decreases serum adenosine concentration in studied patients.


Regional legal products in the form of decisions and regulations of regional governments can be caught as legal products that are legally flawed, although each formation of regional laws and regulations must always pay attention to the concept of the rule of law, the principle of democracy in the development of legislation. Based on research, the existence of regional laws and regulations made by local governments are in accordance with good legal principles, in accordance with Law Number 10 of 2004 concerning statutory regulations. The principle of democracy has been applied in the formation of regional legal arrangements with regional heads contained in the draft blood regulations that are proposed to come from the regional government and the DPRD for an integrated and systematic planning process for legislation and regulations.


Sodium 5-methoxysalicylate, previously shown to enhance the rectal absorption of several drugs, facilitates the absorption of insulin from the upper gastrointestinal tract, resulting in significantly elevated insulin levels and lowered glucose concentrations in the plasma of rats. Restricting the movement of insulin and adjuvant down the intestine by either ligation or use of a more viscous vehicle further increased the absorption of insulin.


The management of financial risks, which is a branch of financial theory, is defined as a process that begins with risk factors identification, continues with measurement of risk and concludes with the coverage of that risk. This work focuses on the second phase of management process, namely the measurement of risk. This can be defined as an uncertainty which has an impact on the wealth and can be measured by different ways. Indeed, it is possible to distinguish, for each risk category, a set of evaluation methods (for example: the semi-variance for equity risk, the convexity degrees for risk associated with bonds and Value-at-Risk (VaR) for the global risk of portfolio). The use of measurement risk in a portfolio of securities is necessary as far as it facilitates the understanding of theoretical concepts and the use of mathematical formulas.


Extranodal nerve system involvement is seen in approximately 5% of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It causes as primary or secondary infiltration of brain, leptomeninges, or peripheral nerves and the signs of spinal cord compression. Here we present a 67-year-old woman with advanced stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who developed foot-drop due to lumbosacral plexus involvement.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the anti-tumor effect of Paeonol (Pae) on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7404 and its molecular mechanisms.

METHODS
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7404 was treated by Pae in various concentrations and different time points respectively; and then the cell proliferation was assayed by light microscope, MTT method. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL were used to detect the apoptosis. The expression of PTEN and Akt were examined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical ABC method.

RESULTS
Compared with the control groups Pae obviously increased the inhibitory and apoptosis rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7404. It also showed a typical apoptotic morphology and DNA depicted a ladder pattern characteristic of the apoptosis, indicating the presence of DNA fragmentation. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical ABC assay showed that Pae could increase the expression of PTEN and decrease the expression of Akt.

CONCLUSION
Pae can increase the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect, and its mechanism may be the increase of apoptosis-inducing effect which is regulated by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.


Active fault tolerant control is a control algorithm that works when there is an error that occurs in a system. In this final project is related to errors in the level sensor transmitter in the steam condensate tank at PT Badak NGL Bontang. The first step in this final project is build simulation in MATLAB with the same data process as in the real plant. Control signal reconfiguration method is part of the active fault tolerant control for estimate the fault with additional references signal. Additional references no other signal is the residual of the sensor errors are estimated using the observer. Observer constructed by using pole placement algorithm. Errors are given like bias error and sensitivity error which is characteristic static of sensors. The simulation results obtained show that the active fault tolerant control is built to accommodate the sensor faults better than the conventional PID


Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) has demonstrated great potentials as a universal memory for its fast access speed, zero standby power, excellent scalability, and simplicity of cell structure. However, large process variations of both magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) and CMOS process severely limit the yield of STT-RAM chips and prevent the massive production from happening. In this paper, we analyze and compare the impacts of process variations on various sensing schemes of STT-RAM design. On top of it, we propose a novel voltage-driven nondestructive self-reference sensing scheme to enhance the STT-RAM chip yield by significantly improving sense margin. Monte Carlo simulations of a 16-Kb STT-RAM array shows that our proposed scheme can achieve the same yield as the previous nondestructive self-reference sensing scheme while improving the sense margin by five times with the similar access performance and power.


The Umm Er Radhuma unconfined aquifer Hydrogeochemistry in the Saudi – Iraq border desert was studied to identify the main hydrogeochemical processes and rock-water interaction. The measurements were done using standard APHA procedures. The results indicated that Na+ and Cl- are the dominant ions in the groundwater. The average contribution of cations in the aquifer is Na+ + K+ ( 26 %), Ca2+ (14 %), and Mg2+ (10%) ; whereas anions contribution is Cl- (24 %) , SO42- (20 %), and HCO3- (6 %).  The results reflect that the examined water is hard water of neutral to slightly alkaline, slightly brackish, with mineralized pH conditions. The main conclusion of chemical reactions indicated carbonates, evaporate dissolution, and clay minerals water interaction through ionic exchanging.


This work reports the evaluation of several theoretical approaches to the zero-field splitting (ZFS) in transition metal complexes. The experimentally well-known complex [Mn(acac)3] is taken as an example. The direct spin-spin contributions to the ZFS have been calculated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) or complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions and have been found to be much more important than previously assumed. The contributions of the direct term may exceed approximately 1 cm(-1) in magnitude and therefore cannot be neglected in any treatment that aims at a realistic quantitative modeling of the ZFS. In the DFT framework, two different variants to treat the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) term have been evaluated. The first approach is based on previous work by Pederson, Khanna, and Kortus, and the second is based on a "quasi-restricted" DFT treatment which is rooted in our previous work on ZFS. Both approaches provide very similar results and underestimate the SOC contribution to the ZFS by a factor of 2 or more. The SOC is represented by an accurate multicenter spin-orbit mean-field (SOMF) approximation which is compared to the popular effective DFT potential-derived SOC operator. In addition to the DFT results, direct "infinite order" ab initio calculations of the SOC contribution to the ZFS based on CASSCF wave functions, the spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction (SORCI), and the difference-dedicated CI (DDCI) approach are reported. In general, the multireference ab initio results provide a more realistic description of the ZFS in [Mn(acac)3]. The conclusions likely carry over to many other systems. This is attributed to the explicit treatment of the multiplet effects which are of dominant importance, since the calculations demonstrate that, even in the high-spin d4 system MnIII, the spin-flip excitations make the largest contribution to the SOC. It is demonstrated that the ab initio methods can be used even for somewhat larger molecules (the present calculations were done with more than 500 basis functions) in a reasonable time frame. Much more economical but still fairly reasonable results have been achieved with the INDO/S treatment based on CASSCF and SOC-CI wave functions.


The performance of an overlay to a jointed concrete pavement can be affected by the occurrence of reflection cracks above the joints. Reflection cracks are transverse and/or longitudinal cracks that occur in the overlay above the joints or cracks in the underlying concrete. If the cracks are not promptly treated and left to widen and propagate to the full depth of the asphalt layer, the subsequent influx of water can weaken the foundation and fines can be pumped to the surface creating voids beneath the base. In the most severe cases, the structure of the pavement is compromised to such a degree that movement of the pavement structure occurs under normal traffic loading. In some cases, the surfacing can also ravel back from the crack with the reduced lateral support, impairing the ride quality. If allowed to progress to this state, the maintenance implications are more serious. This paper summarises the performance to-date of a number of overlaid jointed concrete sites, with slab lengths varying from 5 m to 24 m, and various sites containing a cement bound granular material (CBGM) base. The treatments applied included: variations in asphalt thickness; use of polymer modified binders; crack and seat techniques; saw-cut and seal; interlayers; and concrete joint treatments. Over 35 sites were monitored as part of this research including full-scale trials and schemes over a 15-year period. Guidance is given for jointed un-reinforced (URC) and jointed reinforced (JRC) concrete pavements and flexible composite pavements with a CBGM base. This guidance will assist the highway engineer in preparing maintenance design options, enabling the most cost-effective maintenance treatment to be selected, having regard to the existing construction and its current condition, the resources available and the required life of the pavement. For the covering abstract see ITRD E157233


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to various kinds of attacks such as replaying of messages, battery exhausting, and nodes compromising. While most of these attacks can be dealt with through cryptographic security protocols provided by key management schemes, there are always a few that manage to really cause problems. One such attack that is most common and significant in WSNs is cloning attack. In clone attack, the intruder tries to capture and compromise some nodes and inject them into several locations throughout the network in order to conduct other types of attacks. Moreover, if this attack is not detected early, then these replicated injected nodes will consume a large amount of the network resources. In this paper, we analyze several key management schemes that can be used for checking integrity and preventing cloning attacks. After analyzing the problems associated with these schemes, we propose a model that allows us to distinguish between legitimate nodes and cloned nodes in such sensor networks.


We describe a panoramic stigmatic spectrograph comprising a grazing-incidence toroidal mirror and a large-aperture free-standing transmission diffraction grating (5000 lines mm-1 ). Two spectrograph versions were constructed, with grazing angles of 7.6 and 4° and the short-wavelength spectral limits near 4 and 1.5 nm. The spectrograph aberrations were studied by numerical ray tracing. The spectrograph was used to record line and quasi-continuous spectra (1.5 — 30 nm) of multiply charged ions in a plasma generated by the second-harmonic pulses of an yttrium aluminate laser (Q = 0.15 J, τ = 5 ns, λ = 0.54 μm, repetition rate = 0.5 Hz). In combination with a laser-produced plasma radiation source, the arrangement was used to characterise soft x-ray optical components and to generate collimated beams of polarised radiation in the 14 — 20 nm range.