Star clusters are known to be formed in turbulent molecular clouds. How turbulence is driven in molecular clouds and what effect this has on star formation is still unclear. We compare a simulation setup with turbulent driving everywhere in a periodic box with a setup where turbulence is only driven around the outside of the box. We analyse the resulting gas distribution, kinematics, and the population of stars that are formed from the cloud. Both setups successfully produce a turbulent velocity field with a power law structure function, the externally driven cloud has a more central, monolithic, clump, while the fully driven cloud has many smaller, more dispersed, clumps. The star formation follows the cloud morphology producing large clusters, with high star forming efficiency in the externally driven simulations and sparse individual star formation with much lower star formation efficiency in the fully driven case. We conclude that the externally driven method, which resembles a Global Hierarchical Collapse (GHC) scenario, produces star clusters that more closely match with observations.


Through the last 18 months, five of our patients with acute leukaemia have developed septicaemia caused by Streptococcus viridans, followed by acute respiratory failure. Two patients had to be placed in a respirator. In patients with acute leukaemia treated with cytostatic drugs, close clinical observation, including repeated blood gas analysis, is very important if they develop septicaemia caused by Streptococcus viridans. Early administration of high doses of corticosteroids seems to be important in order to prevent serious respiratory failure.


BACKGROUND
The significance of differences in electrocardiographic morphology that occur during the recovery phase after exercise has not been clarified. We investigated the relationship between postexercise electrocardiographic morphology and the pattern of residual ischemia measured at that time.

METHODS
Exercise dual-isotope single photon emission computed tomography was performed on 171 consecutive patients with chest pain syndrome. After injection of technetium-99m tetrofosmin at peak exercise and thallium-201 at 3 minutes after exercise, dual-isotope single photon emission computed tomographic images were obtained simultaneously. After cross-talk compensation, the extent of ischemia and its localization were measured at both peak exercise and after exercise.

RESULTS
When 64 patients with angiographically and scintigraphically proven ischemic heart disease were grouped by morphology of ST-segment depressions at 3 minutes after exercise, 38 patients with the downsloping type had ischemia localized mainly to the middle and basal levels as compared with the more rapid resolution of ischemia in 12 patients with horizontal type and 14 patients with no ischemic electrocardiographic response (apical level 18.4% [7/38], 8.3% [1/12], and 0% [0/14], P = not significant, middle level 47.4% [18/38], 16.7% [2/12], and 7.1% [1/14], P <.01, basal level 57.9% [22/38], 33.3% [4/12], and 14.3% [2/14], P <.02, respectively) independent of the extent or localization of any ischemia noted during exercise (all levels, P = not significant).

CONCLUSION
Electrocardiographic morphology during the recovery phase of exercise reflects the extent and localization of residual ischemia at that time independent of ischemic changes noted during exercise.


The authors compare the results of the analogous self-rating scale of affect with self report of affect (Hamilton Scale) in 57 patients with depression during the course of affective disorder. The ASRA seems to be particularly useful in the assessment of improvement in patients with slight or moderate depression.


INTRODUCTION
The retrograde puncture of a distal artery is considered a bailout procedure in case of anterograde approach failure for peripheral artery disease (PAD) treatment. A single primary retrograde access has been suggested as an efficient and safe option. As scant data are available, we present our results using this approach.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Between August 2019 and October 2022, we performed this technique in selected patients with femoro-popliteal PAD. Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) were selected on the basis of the CTOP classification. An ultrasound-guided retrograde puncture of a tibial artery at the ankle level was performed, followed by the preferential use of 4F materials. Hemostasis of the puncture site was obtained using manual compression. Postoperative duplex scan examination systematically included an evaluation of the punctured artery. Demographics, intraoperative, and follow-up data were collected retrospectively. The results are expressed as means with standard deviations and numbers with percentages when appropriate.

RESULTS
In total, 55 procedures were performed in 46 patients (9 bilateral). Of these, 57% (N=26) were considered at risk for femoral puncture (obesity, history of groin surgery, challenging crossover approach) and 54% (N=25) presented with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The TASC-II femoro-popliteal classification was generally B (60%) and also C (33%) or D (7%). Mean lesion length was 105.6±49.4 mm and 65% were CTOs. Most patients were operated in an outpatient setting (N=25; 54%) under potentialized local anesthesia (N=41, 89%). The punctured site was the posterior tibial artery in 73% (N=40). The procedure time was 65.1±25.7 minutes, and the fluoroscopy time was 10.7±8.5 minutes. The technical success rate was 100%. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients could walk the same day. One CLTI patient presented an erysipelas related to the puncture in postoperative period. At 30 days, the primary patency of the treated and the punctured arteries were 98% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
A single primary retrograde access can be used safely to treat femoro-popliteal PAD. It represents a valuable alternative to the femoral puncture and allows fast ambulation. Prospective and long-term studies on larger populations are necessary to confirm our results.

CLINICAL IMPACT
This study demonstrates that a single primary retrograde access can be used safely without damaging the punctured artery to treat femoro-popliteal lesions, especially in claudicant patients. Chronic total occlusions can be treated successfully using this technique. This approach represents a valuable alternative to the femoral puncture and allows fast ambulation without risk of major bleeding.


Diverse, well-developed supply chains promote business success by reducing costs, enhancing innovation, successfully integrating acquired businesses and reaching new markets. Managing such inter-organizational relationships improves when the organizational culture is humanistic, achievement oriented, affiliative and self-actualizing and when similar perceptions of these values are held across all buyer and supplier groups. Based on a survey of a diverse group of supplier chief executive officers (n=70) and buyers in a focal organization (n=79), this study finds that African-American executives are less likely to perceive constructive dimensions of organizational culture, while Hispanic executives are more likely to perceive negative dimensions, while buyers perceive the culture as constructive for a culture of diversity.


Children's music activities are one of the most significant tools developing the basics of music culture. The educational process cannot be limited to the development of musical knowledge, skills and hearing. Music activity in general education schools must be treated as children's specific cultural expression that develops their aesthetic consciousness. Children non-formal education is an integral part of the Lithuanian education system. The purpose of non-formal music education is to develop musical abilities, to satisfy children's need for cognition, education and self-expression. A wide range of tools and methods can be used to achieve such goals, one of which is project-based activity. Project-based activity has received special attention in recent years, as it is the way of using and applying knowledge in educational practice. There is a noticeable lack of research into the possibilities of non-formal music education in project-based activity. A music education project is an opportunity to implement identified music education ideas and to tackle particular music education development problems by suggesting new music activity methods and forms. In 2018 – 2019 a music education project implemented and the musical "Melagės sapnas" ("The Liar's Dream") was staged. Project participants – 1-8 form students. The aim of the project was to promote children's self-expression in music in music project activity. The objectives of the project were to foster children's self-expression through music activity, help them gain music knowledge, encourage them to actively take part in rehearsals and performances, engage them in music activity, promote their self-expression and creativity on the stage.Thus, non-formal music education is one of the most suitable tools for developing musicality, individuality, self-expression and creativity; the project method contributes to the development of independence, creativity, initiative and a sense of responsibility in children.


BACKGROUND
Strict control of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations is paramount to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Standard intermittent low-flux HD (Lf-HD) is not sufficient to reach this goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of on-line haemodiafiltration (Ol-HDF) on serum calcium (sCa), phosphate (sPO4) and parathyroid hormone (PTHint) concentrations.

METHODS
Of the 220 patients screened, 65 met the inclusion criteria for the study; 30 of whom agreed to participate in the study (Study group), the others were considered as the control group (Controls). Protocol for Study the group consisted of 6 months conventional Lf-HD (Period 1) and 6 months of post-dilutional Ol-HDF (Period 2). Controls continued their usual Lf-HD and were followed for 12 months. The main variables evaluated at the start and at the end of each period were sCa, sPO(4) and PTHint.

RESULTS
The switchover from Lf-HD to Ol-HDF resulted in a significant reduction of sPO4 (from 5.1 ± 1.0 to 4.0 ± 0.7; P < 0.0001) and PTHint concentrations (from 307 ± 167 to 194 ± 98; P < 0.0001), no significant changes were found in both sCa concentrations (from 9.1 ± 0.7 to 8.9 ± 0.6) and phosphate binder dose. Kt/Vurea increased significantly, and beta(2) microglobulin concentrations decreased significantly. In the Controls, no significant variations of the same variables were observed over time, except for a significant increase in sevelamer intake.

CONCLUSION
This study supports the idea that Ol-HDF could be better than Lf-HD in controlling mineral metabolism in HD patients.


We present an analytical treatment of a two-dimensional (2D) magnetophotonic crystal (MPC) with a square lattice constructed from two infinite arrays of magnetoactive dielectric sheets at right angles, in the limit of very small sheet thickness and very high dielectric constant. Alteration of band structure by an external magnetic field is studied. Two different geometries are examined: the Faraday geometry---magnetic field parallel to the plane of 2D MPC---and the Voigt (Cotton-Mutton) geometry---magnetic field orthogonal to the plane of 2D MPC. In the case of Faraday geometry, we show that the optical activity reduces the symmetry of the system and removes degeneracy in the photonic band structure. Also, despite the weakness of magneto-optic activity, the dispersion $\ensuremath{\omega}(\mathbf{k})$ near band edges is strongly sensitive to external magnetic influence. In the vicinity of degeneracy, electromagnetic modes exhibit bistable behavior and discontinuously change their dispersion $\ensuremath{\omega}(\mathbf{k})$ when external magnetic field is applied. In the Voigt geometry $s$ and $p$ polarizations remain independent of each other, and only the band structure for $s$-polarized light is insignificantly altered.


The primary objective of many antenna measurement facilities is to provide a specified high accuracy of the measured data. The validation of an antenna measurement facility is the process of proving that such a specified accuracy can be achieved. Since this constitutes a very challenging task, antenna measurement accuracy has been the subject of much research over many years and a range of useful measures have been introduced. Facility comparisons, together with antenna standards, error budgets, facility accreditations, and measurement procedure standards, constitute an effective measure towards facility validations. This paper documents the results of a comparison between 8 European antenna measurement facilities with a specially designed reference antenna, the DTU-ESA 12 GHz validation standard antenna (VAST-12). The electrical and mechanical properties of the VAST-12 antenna are presented and its three different coordinate systems are defined. The primary objective of the comparison is to obtain experience and results that can serve to develop standards for validation of antenna measurement facilities. The paper focuses on the comparison of the radiation pattern and presents not only the measurement data obtained at the facilities, but also investigates several procedures for comparing these data. This includes various definitions of pattern difference and statistical measures as well as a reference pattern. The comparison took place in 2004-2005 as part of the European Union network of excellence called ACE-Antenna Centre of Excellence.


A 360/spl deg/ analog CPW MMIC phase shifter is presented for the first time. The compact MMIC employs eight multilayer 3 dB quadrature couplers and was fabricated using low cost GaAs foundry processing techniques. The phase shifter was required to implement a narrow band serrodyne frequency translator at 24 GHz. With an arbitrary, small-shift, frequency translation of +5 KHz, the measured results demonstrated a carrier suppression of 30 dB and an image sideband suppression of 13 dB. This was achieved with a simple linear sawtooth signal, providing 22% of under-modulation. In addition, a 0 dB conversion loss was achieved and almost no control power was required. >


ADDRESS BY DR. MILLS. Through the death of Dr. J. T. Eskridge Jan. 17, 1902, this Section has been deprived of a chairman than whom none could have filled the position more worthily. In spite of ill health, Dr. Eskridge started the work of preparing for this meeting just before his last illness. He was in his fifty-fifth year at the time of his death. He graduated in 1875 at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and, after nine years filled with hard work and high ambition spent in that city, he went, because of ill health in 1884, to Colorado. He was one of the founders of the Philadelphia Neurological Society. During his brief medical career in Philadelphia he held many important positions in the hospitals and medical institutions of that city and took active part in the proceedings of its medical societies, to which and to the medical journals


This paper explores the possibilities of the recognition and valuation of care by implementing an unconditional basic income (UBI) and presents a feminist redefinition of the concept of a UBI. The author proposes the notion of a caring revolutionary transformation as a process of institutionalising the social and economic conditions for recognition of care which is a cornerstone of struggles for women's emancipation and gender equity. It is a process of practically realisable transformative steps which together with their combined and mutually reinforcing effects enable more radical social changes beyond a mere reform. The author argues that these transformative steps have to address two conditions embedded in the institutionalised structures of late modern capitalist society: the limited understanding of meaningful work as paid employment; and the liberal ideal of the independent and autonomous individual. Whereas a UBI can challenge the first condition, a public model of care questions the second condition by shifting the primary responsibility of care from the family towards a social solidarity. While insufficient when introduced separately, the combination of these two remedies has the potential to radically alter social structures on which gendered inequalities rest.


This contribution to a Festschrift for Warren Samuels argues that in giving policy advice economists should seek diversification and consider the probability of error, and also the loss function and risk aversion. And since advocacy of a theory is in a relevant way like a policy decision, the same applies to theories. If this means employing contradictory theories, then that is consistent with rational behavior. In choosing a methodology, too, a sharp dichotomy of right and wrong is not useful, as the example of new classical reductionism illustrates. Similarly, there is a role for probabilistic pluralism in making value judgments.


In this study, we propose a novel model-free feature screening method for ultrahigh dimensional binary features of binary classification, called weighted mean squared deviation (WMSD). Compared to Chi-square statistic and mutual information, WMSD provides more opportunities to the binary features with probabilities near 0.5. In addition, the asymptotic properties of the proposed method are theoretically investigated under the assumption logp=o(n). The number of features is practically selected by a Pearson correlation coefficient method according to the property of power-law distribution. Lastly, an empirical study of Chinese text classification illustrates that the proposed method performs well when the dimension of selected features is relatively small.


Attitude Steering has been widely applied to the current low orbit SAR system to decrease the rang/ azimuth coupling of the received data. This paper focuses on the impacts of attitude steering to the observation properties of Geo-SAR, namely, Doppler parameters, range swath, and rang cell migration effect, and a comparisonbetween 3 different ways of attitude steering is made. Based on the simulation results, the necessity of attitude steering for Geo-SAR is validated, and for Geo-SAR on elliptical orbit, 2D attitude steering is the most


Background: Early administration of antibiotics to septic shock patients decreases in-hospital mortality, but there is a lack of studies evaluating the role of early empirical antibiotics in surgical patients with suspected nosocomial infection without sepsis. Methods: Retrospective cohort of adult patients admitted to a surgical Intensive Care Unit in a tertiary hospital. We defined early empirical antibiotic group by the initiation of antibiotic therapy within 24h after infection's suspicion, and conservative group by antibiotic therapy initiation 24 hours after infection's suspicion or not prescribed within 14 days. The primary outcome was a composite of death, septic shock or sepsis within 14 days from the clinical suspicion of infection. Regression models were used to identify associations between factors and the primary outcome. Results: From 2007 patients admitted to intensive care unit, 341 surgical patients (71% trauma patients) with suspected nosocomial infection without sepsis and with no obvious source of infection were included in the cohort. Age, gender, traumatic brain injury, admission type (trauma vs. non-trauma), SAPS 3, SOFA, vasopressor use or rate of mechanical ventilation did not differ between early empirical antibiotic and conservative groups. In the conservative group, 57% of patients received antibiotics within 14 days. The composite primary outcome occurred in 41% of patients in the conservative group and 56% in the early empirical antimicrobial group, (p=0.007). The 14-day incidence of septic shock or mortality was similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed early antimicrobial therapy (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.16-2.88] , p = 0.008), non-trauma admission (OR 2.32 [1.40-3.90], p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.09 [1.31-3.35], p = 0.002) were associated with the primary outcome. Exploratory analysis including only patients with positive cultures also did not find any benefit of early empiric antibiotic therapy (OR 1.39 [0.78-2.49], p = 0.26) Conclusions: Early empiric antibiotic therapy does not decrease the incidence of sepsis, septic shock or death within 14 days in critically ill stable surgical patients with suspected infection but with no obvious source.


We study the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) and exporting decisions for Colombian manufacturing firms during 2005-2013. We find that productivity increases a firm's probability of being an exporter, and that exporters have higher productivity, with a premium as high as 85 percent. These findings are robust to several TFP measures. Moreover, we find that not all exporters are equal: firms that export continuously, that export a greater number of products, and/or that export to a larger number of destinations tend to be more productive. We do not find, however, any relationship between productivity and the type of destination or exported product. Finally, we find evidence that future exporters have an ex ante productivity advantage, and (weaker) evidence of TFP increasing after a firm becomes an exporter.


Abstract  Several reports emphasize the importance of differentiating between psychosis in schizophrenia and the psychotic form of narcolepsy. The failure to identify narcolepsy leads to the labeling of patients as refractory to standard treatments for schizophrenia and retards consideration of intervention for narcolepsy in which psychosis can improve with psychostimulant treatment. Psychosis in patients with narcolepsy can occur in three ways: (i) as the psychotic form of narcolepsy with hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations; (ii) as a result of psychostimulant use in a patient with narcolepsy; and (iii) as the concurrent psychosis of schizophrenia in a patient with narcolepsy. The present case report describes a difficult‐to‐treat patient who likely had concurrent schizophrenia and narcolepsy. It then summarizes the literature related to the treatment of the three types of patients with psychosis associated with narcolepsy.


This paper gives a simple CAD formula for inductance of square spiral inductor with grounded substrate, by duality and synthetic asymptote. The average error of the formula is less than 2%. The formula also gives good physical insights to the layout design of the inductor spiral.


Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, is a promising treatment for depression. Recent research suggests that tDCS efficacy can be augmented using concurrent cognitive emotional training (CET). However, the neurophysiological changes associated with this combined intervention remain to be elucidated. We therefore examined the effects of tDCS combined with CET using electroencephalography (EEG). A total of 20 participants with treatment resistant depression took part in this open-label study and received 18 sessions over 6 weeks of tDCS and concurrent CET. Resting-state and task-related EEG during a 3-back working memory task were aquired at baseline and immediately following the treatment course. Results showed an improvement in mood and working memory accuracy, but not response time, following the intervention. We did not find significant effects of the intervention on resting-state power spectral density (frontal theta and alpha asymmetry), time-frequency power (alpha event-related desynchronization and theta event-related synchronisation), or event-related potentials (P2 and P3 components). We therefore identified little evidence of neurophysiological changes associated with treatment using tDCS and concurrent CET, despite significant improvements in mood and near transfer effects of cognitive training to working memory accuracy. Further research incorporating a sham controlled group may be necessary to identify the neurophysiological effects of the intervention.


Metagenomics as a new field of research has been developed over the past decade to elucidate the genomes of the non-cultured microbes with the goal to better understand global microbial ecology on the one side, and on the other side it has been driven by the increasing biotechnological demands for novel enzymes and biomolecules. Ingestion of blood meal by female mosquitos triggers a series of physiological processes in the midgut and also exposes them to infection by these pathogens. The bacteria normally harbored in the mosquito's midgut are known to influence physiology and can also alter the response to various pathogens. Here, we studied the bacterial diversity found in midgut part of Aedes aegypti to understand the host and microbe interaction. The adult Aedes aegypti mosquitos were collected from Chidambaram and around area using ovitrops and midgut part was extracted moreover the DNA templates were isolated and amplified by PCR. The DNA amplicons were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq gene sequence. The total 179,310 reads were classified in to 209, the bacterial genera of Aeromonas, Klebsella, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas predominantly found to be high when compared to the other bacterial genera. The present data strongly encourage further investigations to verify the potential role of the detected bacteria in mosquito for the transmission several vectoral diseases.


Division effectiveness can be achieved and grown by a good OCB, which such behavior will grow both through the influence of good employee engagement and transformational leadership. The purposes of this research are to figure out how transformational leadership, employee engagement, OCB, and division effectiveness in PT. X and to figure out how influence of transformational leadership and employee engagement on OCB and their impact on division effectiveness in PT. X either simultaneously or partially. Descriptive research method is used to get an idea of transformational leadership, employee engagement, OCB, and division effectiveness quality. Verificative research method tests truth through collecting data in the field and tests causal hypotheses about influence of two independence variables (transformational leadership and employee engagement), one intervening variable OCB and one dependence variable (division effectiveness) by using path analysis. The paper is shows that transformational leadership and employee engagement has significant influence to OCB and also affect division effectiveness either simultaneous or partial.


Abstract This study investigated the prediction of outcomes by process variables related to client and therapist behavior in support groups of children being treated for emotional and behavioral difficulties. The study included 40 groups (N=266) and 40 counselors. The association of process with outcomes was analyzed through hierarchical structural equation modeling (Mplus 5.1). The child model showed that bonding affected group functioning and anxiety, group functioning affected social competence and client behavior, therapeutic change affected anxiety, and reduced anxiety affected reduction in aggression. The therapist model pointed to encouragement, interpretation, and therapist self-disclosure as having a positive impact on outcomes and challenges as affecting them negatively. The discussion points to the importance of process variables for clinicians.


Regional and central hemodynamic variables were ascertained in 10 patients with congestive heart failure before and after the oral administration of clonidine. Following the 0.2 mg dose, renal, hepatic, and limb blood flow remained unaltered, whereas a reduction was noted in heart rate (10%), mean systemic (14%). and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (27%). Cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance fell slightly, however the changes were not statistically significant. Higher dose clonidine (0.4 mg) elicited similar regional hemodynamic effects whereas systemic vascular resistance significantly diminished (21%) and cardiac index remained unchanged. In congestive heart failure, the central antihypertensive agent, clonidine. effects a significant reduction in preload (left ventricular tilling pressure) and afterload (systemic blood pressure) without markedly altering other central and regional hemodynamic variables.


The factors affecting the formation of the intellectual property in economic structures. It is shown that the most important of them are: business entity formed in an innovative atmosphere, staff training and the ownership of the methodology of inventive problem solving, formed the scientific and innovative school, the presence of structure responsible for the protection of intellectual property, participation in grants initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (in vol. h. performed under the Resolution of the Russian Government and aimed at the integration of universities with the production), access to databases of scientific and technical information.


Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow granulocytic progenitor cells and promotes their differentiation into granulocytes. G-CSF is therefore an important component of immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms: recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) is used to treat patients with a variety of neutropenias. In the present study, we screened approximately 10 000 small nonpeptidyl compounds and found 3 small compounds that mimic G-CSF in several in vitro and in vivo assays. These compounds induced G-CSF-dependent proliferation, but had no effect on interleukin-3-dependent, interleukin-2-dependent, interleukin-10-dependent, thrombopoietin (TPO)-dependent, or erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent proliferation. Each compound induced the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a G-CSF-dependent cell line and in human neutrophils. In addition, these compounds induced hematopoietic colony formation from primary rat bone marrow cells in vitro. When subcutaneously injected into normal rats, they caused an increase in peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Furthermore, when they were administered to cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic rats, blood neutrophil levels increased and remained elevated up to day 8. We therefore suggest that these small nonpeptidyl compounds mimic the activity of G-CSF and may be useful in the treatment of neutropenic patients.


The study employed an alternating treatment design to investigate the effects of two instructional techniques on the acquisition and retention of spelling vocabulary by two adults with cerebral palsy who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC): (a) the Copy-Write-Compare method (CWC) and (b) the Student-Directed Cueing method (SDC). SDC differs from CWC in that it directs the subject to attend to the differences between the subject's incorrectly spelled version of the word and the correct spelling. The results indicated that the subjects improved their spelling performance using both of the instructional techniques. Only minor differences were observed with respect to rates of acquisition of spelling vocabulary items for the two techniques. Post-test scores revealed a retention advantage for the SDC method of instruction for both subjects, although variation in the strength of the effect was observed. The study provides preliminary, empirically based guidelines for AAC specialists to conside...


This study aims to determine the growth of broiler chickens and analyze the feasibility of broiler farming with the addition of liquid organic supplements. Liquid organic supplements (SOC) or also called probiotics contain Lactobacillus sp, Azetobacter sp, Basiluss sp, vitamins, and minerals. SOC can increase antibodies, reduce stress levels, suppress the onset of disease, help stimulate appetite, and accelerate the growth of broiler chicken. Broilers are divided into 4 treatments female broilers without SOC, male broilers without SOC, female broilers with the addition of SOC, and treatment of male broilers with the addition of SOC. Based on the results and discussion the highest PBB is obtained by male chicken with SOC. Feasibility analysis shows that all treatments are feasible, B/C (3.11) and R/C (3.18) values of treatments added by SOC are higher than treatments without SOC.Keywords: Broiler, Feasibility Analysis, SOC


Background and Aim: The etiology of liver diseases has changed in recent years, but its impact on the comparative burden of liver cancer between males and females is unclear. We estimated sex differences in the burden of liver cancer across 204 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019. Approach and Result: We analyzed temporal trends in the burden of liver cancer using the methodology framework of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. We estimated annual frequencies and age‐standardized rates (ASRs) of liver cancer incidence, death, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) by sex, country, region, and etiology of liver disease. Globally in 2019, the frequency of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs due to liver cancer were 376,483, 333,672, and 9,048,723 in males, versus 157,881, 150,904, and 3,479,699 in females. From 2010 to 2019, the incidence ASRs in males increased while death and DALY ASRs remained stable; incidence, death, and DALY ASRs in females decreased. Death ASRs for both sexes increased only in the Americas and remained stable or declined in remaining regions. In 2019, hepatitis B was the leading cause of liver cancer death in males, and hepatitis C in females. From 2010 to 2019, NASH had the fastest growing death ASRs in males and females. The ratio of female‐to‐male death ASRs in 2019 was lowest in hepatitis B (0.2) and highest in NASH (0.9). Conclusions: The overall burden of liver cancer is higher in males, although incidence and death ASRs from NASH‐associated liver cancer in females approach that of males.


A mesothelioma of the spermatic cord occurred at the site of multiple hernial repairs. The aggressive biologic behavior of this tumor is exhibited by its early lymph node invasion and extensive metastases to the pleural cavities, lungs, and spleen. These tumor cells contained a large amount of stable glycogen-like carbohydrate insoluble in fn-malin and tolerating postmortem changes. Electron microscopy revealed features similar to those mesotheliomas arising from body cavities.


We numerically investigate the effect of feedback from the ionization heating from massive stars on the evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their star formation efficiency (SFE), which we treat as an instantaneous, time-dependent quantity. We follow the GMCs' evolution from their formation to advanced star-forming stages. After an initial period of contraction, the collapsing clouds begin forming stars, whose feedback evaporates part of the clouds' mass, opposing the continuing accretion from the infalling gas. Our results are as follows: (1) in the presence of feedback, the clouds attain levels of the SFE that are consistent at all times with observational determinations for regions of comparable star formation rates. (2) However, the dense gas mass is larger in general in the presence of feedback, while the total mass (dense gas + stars) is nearly insensitive to the presence of feedback, suggesting that it is determined mainly by the accretion, while the feedback inhibits mainly the conversion of dense gas to stars, because it acts directly to reheat and disperse the gas that is directly on its way to forming stars. (3) The factor by which the SFE is reduced upon the inclusion of feedback is a decreasing function of the cloud's mass, for clouds of size ∼10 pc. This naturally explains the larger observed SFEs of massive-star-forming regions. (4) The clouds may attain a pseudo-virialized state, with a value of the virial mass very similar to the actual cloud mass. However, this state differs from true virialization in that the clouds, rather than being equilibrium entities, are the centers of a larger-scale collapse, in which accretion replenishes the mass consumed by star formation. (5) The higher-density regions within the clouds are in a similar situation, accreting gas infalling from the less-dense, more extended regions of the clouds. (6) The density probability density functions of the regions containing the clouds in general exhibit a shape characteristic of thermally bistable flows, and extend down to densities corresponding to the warm atomic medium, because the warm gas interpenetrates the clouds. The general picture arising from our simulations is that the gas involved in the gravitational contraction leading to star formation extends to large scales and is not confined to the local environment of the final collapse, where the effect of the feedback is active, in agreement with recent proposals of a gravitationally driven mass cascade from large to small scales.


Lost circulation in depleted sands during a primary cementing job is a serious problem in Turkmenistan. The uncertainty in formation pressure across these sands increases the risk of losses during drilling and cementing, which results in remedial operations and nonproductive time. The need to find a fit-for-purpose lost circulation solution becomes even more critical in an environment with narrow pore pressure-to-fracture gradient, where each cement job with losses compromises the downhole well integrity.
 An engineered lost circulation solution using innovative materials in the cement slurry was carefully assessed and qualified in the laboratory for each case to optimize the formulation. The lost circulation control treatment combines specialized engineered fibers with sized bridging materials to increase the effectiveness of treatment, formulated and added to the cement slurries based on the slurry solids volume fraction (SVF). Cement slurries with low SVF were treated with higher concentrations of the product and slurries with high SVF used lower concentrations.
 More than 50 jobs were performed with cement slurries designed at various densities and SVF up to 58% and using this advanced lost circulation material (LCM) to mitigate losses during cementing. Field experience showed positive results, where the differential pressure up to 2,800 psi was expected during cementing operation. A local database, generated based on the design and development work performed, enabled improved decision-making for selection and LCM application requirements for subsequent jobs and development of a lost circulation strategy. The mitigation plan was put in place against losses in critical sections and depleted sand formations in Turkmenistan. It assisted in meeting the cement coverage requirements on numerous occasions, improving overall the integrity of the wells and thus, was considered to be a success.
 This paper provides insight of this advanced LCM, its application in cement slurries, the logic behind the developed loss circulation strategy, and the high success rate of its implementation. Three case histories are presented to demonstrate the strategy and results.


The nonproportional relationship between instantaneous arterial blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) is well explained by the concept of critical closing pressure (CCP). We aimed to determine the frequency response of the neonatal cerebrovascular system, and to establish the exact mathematical relationship between cerebrovascular impedance and CCP under physiologic conditions. In 10 preterm neonates (gestational age, 25–32 weeks; birth weight, 685–1,730 g; age 1–7 days) we Doppler-traced CBFv of the internal carotid artery. Blood pressure was traced simultaneously. Critical closing pressure was graphically determined. Cerebrovascular impedance was calculated as the square root of the ratio of the corresponding peaks in the power spectra of BP and CBFv at zero frequency, and at heart rate (H) and harmonics (xH). Uniformly, the impedance between H and 3H (2 to 6 Hz) was reduced about fivefold, compared with the impedance at zero frequency. The cerebrovascular system behaves like a high-pass filter, leading to a reduction of the DC (direct current) component of CBFv (analogous to current) relative to that of the driving force BP (analogous to voltage). The frequency response of cerebrovascular impedance reflects the ratio of CCP and DC BP. A mathematical derivation of this relationship is given matching the observed results. Thus, both the CCP and the impedance approach are valid.


The challenge in designing MAC protocols for future mobile networks is two-fold: providing guaranteed quality of service (QoS) and efficient wireless resource utilization. While a class of algorithms called GPS succeeds in achieving the above goals in wired networks, it cannot be directly applied to mobile networks. The key difficulty is the distributed nature of the queues in the uplink, which results in significant messaging overhead in transmitting states of active streams to the centralized scheduler. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol based on the multi-code CDMA (MC-CDMA) mobile network. Packets transmission is fairly scheduled within the time scale of frame, avoiding frequent status reporting. Analysis and simulation results show that the performance of our MAC protocol with the fair scheduling is similar with ideal GPS in terms of providing guaranteed QoS and efficient utilization of wireless resource.


Synch recording and simulation of motion has many appLication realms. It is of certain significance to study it systematically. Based on a set of existing hydrauLic servo driven 3-DOF(Degree Of Freedom) synchronous on-Line recorder and simulator, The motion measure algorithm is deduced. the adaptive BP-PID controller is designed accordingly. The experiment is carried out also and the results prove the algorithm is correct and the controller's design is fully a success.


Biotechnology's largest global event, The Bio International Convention, convenes at the end of this month in Washington, DC. BIO is a key forum for exploring partnering opportunities and discussing industry trends, investments, and policies meant to better the world. The gathering is timely because there is an increasing need for new therapies for relentless illnesses. In the United States, cardiovascular disease accounts for 34% of all deaths, and Alzheimer's disease afflicts one of eight Americans at age 65 (and nearly half of 85-year-olds). Treatments for these and other conditions are needed, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved only 21 new drugs last year, about half of the more than 40 drugs approved annually in the 1990s. New creative partnerships and regulatory procedures are needed if this is to change.


The purpose of this quantitative study was first to investigate the comparative incidence of electromagnetic aftereffects (EMEs) during the past year among near-death experiencers (NDErs), people who experienced a close brush with death without an NDE (CBrs), and people who reported never having experienced a close brush with death (LCErs). The second purpose was to investigate a possible change in EME incidence among the three groups before and after a critical life event. The third purpose was to investigate the relationship between the reported overall depth and specific components of the subjective experiences of people who have had a close brush with death -- NDErs and CBrs -- and their reported incidence of EMEs. I used the Near-Death Experience Scale (Greyson, 1983), and developed the Close Brush with Death Question form, Life Changing Event Question form, and Electromagnetic Effects Questionnaire for this study. The final sample included 36 NDErs, 20 CBrs, and 46 LCErs. The results of this study firmly supported more reported problems with EM devices experienced by NDErs compared to CBrs or LCErs. Especially with respect to EM devices such as lights and cell phones, as well as the emotional state of individuals affecting EM devices, this study showed more reports of problems with these devices between before and after NDEs for NDErs compared to before and after a life changing event for LCErs. Moreover, findings of this study showed a correlation between the depth of NDEs and EMEs. This study has important implications for counselors working with NDErs. Findings from this study show that NDErs have a strong possibility of experiencing electromagnetic interferences when close to electromagnetic devices such as cell phones, computers, lights, and watches after their NDEs. This phenomenon can be a stressor in the lives of NDErs and their families and friends. As some participants in this study indicated, information about EMEs can reduce NDErs' stress. Thus, counselors can use information from this study to psychoeducate their NDEr clients and work with them to develop strategies to cope with EMEs, thereby hopefully reducing the stress of EME-related NDE aftereffects.


In this paper, a semi-active control strategy for seismic response reduction in base isolated benchmark structure using neuro-controller and magnetorheological(MR) damper is proposed. The neuro-controller of the proposed control system adopts a training algorithm based on a cost function and sensitivity evaluation algorithm to produce the desired control force. A clipped algorithm is then employed to induce the MR damper to generate approximately the desired control force by selecting appropriate command voltage. The proposed semi-active neuro-controller was applied to a base isolated benchmark structure installed with linear elastomeric isolation system. Comparing with passive and sample controller those are provided by benchmark problem definition paper, numerical simulation results have shown that the proposed semi-active control strategy can significantly reduce the floor acceleration, base shear and building corner drift with a slight increase of base displacement.


The design of a debugging and performance analysis system that includes a specification language for process-level events and hardware for nonintrusive identification of these events during the execution of parallel and distributed application for a nonshared memory system is presented. The design is based on a formal event/action model and a layered architecture model that have been previously presented. Background, related work, and specification, and identification of events are discussed.<<ETX>>


This study converted the Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) into self-report formats using Internet (Net) and interactive voice response (IVR) automated-telephone technologies. Reliability and convergent validity were assessed among 95 inpatient adolescent participants. Current functioning scores obtained by clinician interview correlated well with self-report Net (mean r=.74, SD=.14) and IVR (mean r=.72, SD=.16). Lifetime history items obtained by clinicians were consistent with self-report Net (mean r=.60, SD=.32; mean kappa=.67, SD=.24) and IVR formats (mean r=.60, SD=.30; mean kappa=.64, SD=.26). Participants rated "ease of use" as being high for both Net and IVR formats. These findings suggest that automated T-ASI administration is a valid and potentially less expensive alternative to clinician-administered T-ASI interviews.


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 191455-18IHFT-MS, "Twelve Years and 12,000 Multistage Horizontal Wells in the Bakken: How Is Industry Continuing To Increase the Cumulative Production per Well?" by C. Mark Pearson, SPE, Larry G. Griffin, SPE, Stacy L. Strickland, SPE, and Paul M. Weddle, SPE, Liberty Resources, prepared for the 2018 SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, Muscat, Oman, 16–18•October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
 Multistage horizontal well designs were first implemented in the Bakken in 2007. Since then, more than 12,000 wells have been completed in either the Middle Bakken or Three Forks zones. Early-time production rates, as measured by 180-day state-reported cumulative production, have increased fourfold during this period, during which industry has pursued a program of innovation and continuous improvement in completions technology, with production per well increasing in 10 of 12 years. Through a big data analytical study comparing geological data, completions parameters, and state-reported production results, the authors have evaluated the fundamental changes that have guided industry to these production rates during the period discussed.
 Geology
 The Bakken Formation is Mississippian and Devonian in age and consists of Upper, Middle, and Lower members. The focus of this paper is to review work in both the Middle Bakken member and the lower Three Forks intervals contained within the Bakken Petroleum System. The Upper and Lower Bakken shales are the prolific source rocks for the petroleum system. The Middle member consists of distinct lithofacies that range from silty sandstone on the east flank of the basin to silty dolomite on the west flank. Porosities in the Middle member range from 4–10% and permeabilities are generally less than 0.1 md.
 Fig. 1 shows the basin depth structure map with a color fill of the thermal maturity of the Upper Bakken shale. The onset of oil generation occurred at a pyrolysis temperature (Tmax) of greater than 430°F as indicated in the figure by shades of green and warmer colors. Oil generation in this thermally mature window created overpressure and resulted in oil mobilization into less- mature and immature regions toward the extremities of the basin. The Bakken is a basin-centered system and thus the increased pore pressure that occurred with the process of kerogen conversion and the generation of oil has resulted in pore pressure gradients as high as 0.9•psi/ft in the deepest part of the basin. Unsurprisingly, in the deepest part of the basin, water cut is the lowest, with increasing water cut with distance from the areas of greatest thermal•maturity.•
 The complete paper provides a detailed description of the Bakken development history, which the authors divide into seven periods beginning with first production in 1953 to the present.
 Production
 Bakken production has grown historically, but as recently as early 2004 it yielded only approximately 25,000 BOPD. The increase in drilling activity then drove production growth, with an initial peak in December 2014 of 1.22 million BOPD. The rapid decline in industry activity then resulted in a significant production drop. However, the decline reversed, and new production records of 1.23 and 1.24 million BOPD were set in June and July of 2018. The return to peak production levels has been driven by companies using more-effective•completions.


In this paper, I extend Fred Moseley's algebraic summary of the macro-monetary interpretation (MMI) of Marxian theory to explicitly incorporate the equality between the input and output prices, and examine some of the mathematical properties of the input-output model of the MMI that emerges from this exercise. First, in case the variable capital is equal to the prices of production of wage goods, the MMI model yields two different solutions, where one of them has the profit rate determined in the same way as in the standard model. Moreover, it is shown that the standard input-output system of equilibrium prices can be derived directly from the model of the MMI, which demonstrates that the latter shares the same structure with the standard input-output model. Second, in case the variable capital is equal to nominal wage cost, the profit rate and the prices of production are uniquely determined consistently to Moseley's suggestion; however, the solution for gross outputs supporting these does not exist in a general condition.


ABSTRACT In multiple EU Member States, immigrants are subjected to an increasing number of integration requirements in order to gain access to residency and political rights. This article explores the legitimacy of such requirements from the perspective of recent theories of social equality. According to these theories, states must seek to uphold a 'community of equals' and to avoid problematic status hierarchies between citizens. I argue that aspects of current integration schemes in EU states jeopardise social equality by indicating symbolic hierarchical variations in the status of non-immigrant citizens and citizens with certain immigrant backgrounds. First, there are integration requirements that convey the message that certain immigrants are unwanted or will never truly belong to the nation. Second, there are integration requirements that suggest that the citizenship of (certain) immigrants must be earned conditionally and is contingent on certain competences and efforts, while native-born citizens of the majority are implicitly perceived as natural possessors of their unconditional citizenship. I argue that these integration requirements are problematic from a social equality perspective. Integration requirements that suggest a status hierarchy between citizens who naturally belong and those who conditionally belong should be rejected.


The relationship between rainfall, lion predation and population trends in African herbivores, with special emphasis on buffalo, wildebeest and zebra, was studied in the central district of the Kruger National Park between 1968 and 1992. The study commenced at the end of a dry cycle, and moved into a 10-year wet cycle that was followed by another 10-year dry cycle. Populations of the herbivores reacted differently to these cycles: those of wildebeest and zebra fluctuated inversely with rainfall, whereas those of buffalo and the other herbivores fluctuated directly with rainfall to a greater or lesser degree. The proprtions in which some species were represented in lion kill samples followed a similar trend, with wildebeest and zebra being more vulnerable in the wet cycle and buffalo and waterbuck being more vulnerable in the dry cycle. Simulations of the buffalo, wildebeest and zebra populations suggest that buffalo are more heavily influenced by predation during population declines than are the other two species, followed by wildebeest, with zebra experiencing the smallest influence. The driving force in the ecosystem, however, appeared to be rainfall.


Background: Coriandrum sativum Linn., commonly known as coriander, is a well-known spice and drug in India. It has various health-related benefits and used in various Unani formulations. In this present study, quality assessment of coriander fruits was carried out by studying anatomical characters, physicochemical tests, and chemoprofiling using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) along with in vitro antioxidant potential. Materials and Methods: Standardization was carried out as per the pharmacopeial guidelines. Estimation of heavy metals, pesticides, and aflatoxins was carried out to ascertain the presence of any contaminant in the sample. Chemoprofiling was achieved by thin layer chromatography (TLC) by optimizing the mobile phase for different extracts. The most of the pharmacological activities of coriander are based on volatile oil constituents. Hence, GC-MS profiling was also carried out using hexane-soluble fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract. The total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant efficacy were determined using previously established methods. Results: The quality control and anatomical studies were very valuable for the identification whereas good antioxidant potential was observed when compared to ascorbic acid. The drug was found free of contaminant when analyzed for pesticides and aflatoxins whereas heavy metals were found under reported limits. Conclusion: The work embodied in this present research can be utilized for the identification and the quality control of the coriander fruit.


Researchers have implemented many posture recognition systems using cameras. However, they are not well accepted by the users for a real-life long-term applications. The main reason is that the camera-based systems are privacy invasive for long-term applications. We developed a device-free, non-privacy invasive indoor human posture recognition system using low-resolution infrared sensors. The system uses thermopile infrared sensors to recognize postures. Our system has already demonstrate high recognition accuracy. Meanwhile, there are several challenges to deploy the system in real-world scenarios.


This study aims to determine the influence of the substitution of a variable volume of aggregates on a concrete by an equivalent quantity of crumb rubber (CR) obtained from used tyres. The physical and mechanical properties of different concretes, which were developed through laboratory tests, have been studied for this goal.
The experimental method employed is based on the production of a reference concrete and six concretes where part of the conventional aggregate has been replaced by particles of CR, keeping the proportion water-cement and cement content per cubic meter of concrete constant. Intending to assess the influence of the volume of CR incorporated into a conventional concrete, a first group of specimens is created, replacing 5%, 10% and 15% of the volume of sand in the original mix by grains
of rubber 1-4 mm. In order to study the influence of the size of the incorporated grains of CR, a second group of specimens is produced substituting the content of the gravel for grains of rubber 10-16 mm, which leads us to three other types of concrete.
The addition of CR increases the rate of entrapped air due to the bad adherence between the cement paste and the CR grains. The consequence is a higher absorption and porosity. The compressive strength and the elasticity modulus decrease with the addition of rubber, but the tensile strength remains at the same level. The final conclusion of the study is that the use of concrete with CR is possible in several applications taking into account the limitations and advantages deduced from this
experimental project.


Simultaneous measurements of electrochemical and electrophysiological changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the rat were tried with a single carbon fiber microelectrode. Electrochemical detection of catecholamines was done by differential pulse voltammetry. The effects of haloperidol on the level of catecholamines in extracellular spaces and on dopaminergic neuronal discharges were investigated. Haloperidol induced an increase in unitary discharges parallel to the elevation of the catecholamine level. With this technique, direct information can be obtained on the relationship between released catecholamines and unitary neuronal activity.


Abstract : We have isolated unusual hybrid bacteriophages by recombining the evolutionary diverse bacteriophages Salmonella phage P22 and coliphages Mu80 or a mutator phage Mu. Genetic analysis of Mu80immP22 hybrid genomes led us to isolate high specialized transducing phages for argF and proAB genes of the E. coli chromosome although the parental phage Mu80, is a specialized transducing phage for the E. coli trp operon. Phage P22 can recombine with coli-mutator phage Mu. Genetic studies correlated with serological and host range analyses of MuimmP22 hybrids revealed that crossovers occurred at the tail fiber genes within the invertible G segment of Mu phage and the tail spike gene of P22 phage to form MuimmP22 hybrids. MuimmP22 hybrids infect hosts carrying the smooth host O-antigen (Man-Rha-Gal)n repeating unit which is specific receptor for adsorption of P22 phage. However, anti-P22 serum is unable to neutralize the MuimmP22 hybrids. This is probably because the contribution of P22 spike peptide to the hybrid tail fiber is to short to form P22 spike like structure and antigenicity. Anti-serum prepared for the G(+) orientation of Mu phage neutralized the MuimmPss hybrid at about a 1/10 neutralization rate of MuG(+) phage. Thus we suggested that MuimmP22 hybrid may carry the inverted (-) orientation of the G segment of Mu phage.


Computer based learning has changed the way teaching learning (TL) method is approached. Teaching in dentistry was always teacher centered. Though there is a change in traditional classroom teaching by using multimedia, the clinical teaching (CT) remained the same. The basic clinical procedures recommended in the curriculum are demonstrated on the patient to the students in groups followed by the implementation of the same clinical procedure on patients under supervision of the teacher. This article recommends use of multimedia principles and information technology for demonstration of clinical dental procedures. The proposed model is based on the study conducted in Government Dental College & Hospital (GDCH), Nagpur with an aim to study the impact of video demonstration of nerve block technique on dental students' learning and performance. The study was carried out on 60 students of third year BDS in 3 groups of 20 students each. Group A was given live demonstration; Group B the video demonstration of mandibular nerve block (MNB) and Group C received both demonstrations. They were evaluated by Direct Observation of Practical Skills (DOPS) method. The students with both demonstrations (Group C) performed better than those with only live demonstration or only video demonstration. We conclude that the 'LD+VD model' is best for clinical teaching of procedures in Dentistry. This will revolutionize the traditional CT towards effective and student centered T-L method and outcome based education. Keywords: Clinical teaching (CT), Live demonstration (LD), Video demonstration (VD).


There are many misunderstandings about active management of labour. When Kieran O'Driscoll introduced this philosophy of care in labour thirty years ago his purpose was to prevent prolonged labour, which at that time was associated with an increased risk of fetal hypoxia, and maternal and neonatal infections. Now, however, these risks are small, even in prolonged labour, due to continuous fetal monitoring and antibiotic therapy. The current expectation is that active management of labour will reduce the rate of caesarean section, which was not O'Driscoll's intention. Another misconception is that active management of labour merely suggests aggressive use of oxytocin in labour, when it actually encompasses a sophisticated discipline, involving education at antenatal classes, the precise definition of the onset of labour, an explicit protocol of the timing of vaginal examinations and the administration of oxytocin, care by an individual midwife throughout labour, and constant review of the results of this style of care. Active management of labour is therefore a dynamic philosophy, and is influenced by technical advances such as electronic fetal monitoring and epidural analgesia, as well as by the changing social beliefs of pregnant women and their midwives and obstetricians. It is this complexity which make Impey and Boylan' question whether active management can be tested in a randomised trial, let alone a meta-analysis. Nevertheless, the accepted method of testing a treatment is a randomised trial, the latest of which has been carried out by L. C. Sadler and colleagues (pages 909-915). The authors found no difference in the rate of caesarean section or neonatal outcome, but women treated by active management had on average shorter labours, and were less likely to experience prolonged labour. We should congratulate Sadler and colleagues, for their trial was undertaken most rigorously. Thus the procedure of active management of labour followed the Dublin model closely-labour was precisely defined, vaginal examinations were performed every two hours, the rules for the administration of oxytocin were clearly stated, and each woman was cared for by her own midwife during labour. However, the study also indicates the problems of performing randomised trials of active management of labour. The women in the control group were given usual care, which also involved an individual midwife, and so the trial was really of the obstetric components of active management of labour. The trial took place in one hospital and so contamination of the treatments may have occurred. Thus features of active management may have appeared inadvertently in controversy resolved? the control group, and there is evidence in the trial that many women in the active management group were treated more conservatively than the protocol recommended. The results of the trial suggest that contamination did occur. In the active management group the dilatation of the cervix was less when amniotomy was performed, but the difference was only 0.5cm; women had more vaginal examinations, but the difference was only 0.3 of a vaginal examination; and women had a shorter first stage of labour, but the difference was only 50 minutes. Perhaps Impey and Boylan are right, that it will be impossible to test active management of labour in a randomised trial, because of the complexity of the intervention. Perhaps the solution is a cluster randomised trial, where maternity units are randomised and not individual women; but this is an arduous undertaking which may not justify the expense. Perhaps a randomised trial should not be performed, but a simple comparison of standard primiparae in maternity units using active management, and standard primiparae in maternity units using other forms of care in labour; scientifically, however, this is a much weaker form of investigation, where the results will only be convincing if the differences in outcome are large. What is more likely is that the practice of active management of labour will atrophy. Active management of labour is perceived as being too medical, and the current fashion for minimal intervention will probably result in the gradual disappearance of active management of labour, without it ever having been properly tested.


The increase of using low grade OCC, the unsorted mixed grade, as fibrous raw materials for the packaging paper results in the increment of fine screen reject owing to the strong tendency to reduce the slot width. Since the most of screen reject consists of undispersed fiber flake, the suitable treatment of the flake could increase the yield of OCC recycling and decrease the amount of solid waste. In this work, the novel method combined the mild mechanical treatment by using Tumbling pulper with the biological treatment was developed and applied to the wet strength flake and the fine screen tail line reject originated from a packaging paper mill.
The results showed the new method could provide much better efficiency for the disintegration of undispersed flake and for the recovery of fiber from the rejects. The application of the laboratory scaled-Pack pulper showed the possible separation technique for mill application by fractioning effectively the fiber from the treated solid waste.


Gem deposits are rare because, in general, the conditions that promote their formation are unusual. Modern geological and analytical techniques have now been applied to gem occurrences in Canada and elsewhere throughout the world, leading to some radical changes from a geological viewpoint. This volume looks at gemstones from a geological perspective and reviews current concepts on the origin and emplacement of diamond, ruby sapphire, emeralds and other coloured gems.

It is appropriate that the book opens with a chapter on diamond, not only because of its importance as a gemstone but also because in recent years Canada has developed into a major diamond-producing country, contributing 14% by value of the world's diamond production. Thomas Stachel provides a masterly summary, covering the origin of diamond in the Earth's mantle, the various diamond 'Types' and the stable isotope composition of diamonds, and gives a detailed account of mineral inclusions in diamond and inclusion-based geothermometry. Surprisingly, there is no appreciable mention of the Canadian diamondiferous kimberlites of the Slave craton, though these deposits are mentioned in the references.

The geology …


Something is happening in the world today. The participation in the Swedish elections used to be over 90 %, but has drastically decreased, primarily among first time voters. The memberships are declining among both political parties, as well as within non-governmental organizations. But why?The purpose of this paper is to test if the sociological theory of neo-tribalisation can explain the decreasing commitment, in the form of internet communities. The research is based upon the hypothesis: youths will seek themselves to Maffeolis tribes, witch will lead to fewer youths in political organizations. The hypothesis was tested using statistical analysis of members in political organizations and compared with posts on the community Lunarstorm.The result of the analysis was that the hypotheis can not be said to be true, but therefore not dismissed. Something new is awakening, that we do not fully understand or comprehend yet. So the final analysis is that more studies needs to be carried out to get the final awnser to the question: are the youth of today being tribalized?


Libraries must be relevant to the needs of local communities which are becoming more diverse and multicultural. In this paper I will examine the link between inequality, social class and the use of public libraries. I will also build on ground breaking research in the UK - Open to All? The Public Library & Social Exclusion (Muddiman et al, 2000) - and cutting edge good practice in Canada via the Working Together Project (2004-2008). I will outline the practical steps which are required to develop needs-based and community-led library services.My overall theme is Public Libraries & Social Justice (Pateman & Vincent, 2010) and I will explore some of the challenges and barriers to creating socially inclusive libraries and how these can be overcome. I will provide a blue print and a road map for producing strategies, structures, systems and cultures which enable local communities to be fully involved and engaged in the planning, design, delivery and evaluation of their library services.


Abstract The pandemic has shone a light on problems within the long-term care (LTC) sector. As was true prior to COVID-19, many of the present issues in LTC can be traced to challenging working conditions, such as persistent understaffing of care workers. Working short-staffed means rushing through care, while only satisfying the most basic bodily needs of the resident. This presentation shares early findings from a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with seven care workers as part of the "Mapping Care Relationships" stream of the Seniors –Adding Life to Years (SALTY) project, a pan-Canadian research program that maps how promising approaches to care relationships are organized and experienced in LTC. The purpose of the analysis was to understand how short-staffing is affecting the formation and preservation of meaningful staff-resident relations, and what the impact is on quality of care. Two overarching themes emerged: 1) a relationship between time and work-place illness, injury and violence; 2) a relationship between care worker autonomy and resident quality of care. When working conditions do not support workers in voicing and/or addressing challenges they experience in the workplace, whether this results from understaffing or hierarchical power structures, care workers' ability to deliver even basic care is jeopardized, and resident and worker health and wellness are placed at risk. Themes are discussed in the context of COVID-19 in light of responses to outbreaks in LTC that have reduced the availability of care workers, family visitors and volunteers, and emphasized top-down and even militarized approaches to care management.


BACKGROUND
Teen pregnancy continues to burden families, communities, and society. Programs continue to educate and impower youth and young adults to make positive behavioral decisions.

METHODS
We evaluated a program aimed at high-risk youth in after-school programs. The goal of the program was to instill a sense of community and empathy, as well as sexual health decision-making. The evaluation was a multiyear evaluation from external evaluators.

RESULTS
There were statistically significant changes in empathy toward others in the community and a feeling of safety at school. Other positive changes noted were that students felt empowered to use condoms, other barriers, or birth control in the future when having sexual relations. The program noted a positive direction in students feeling they develop plans or goals and stick to them.

CONCLUSIONS
These programs serve to instill a sense of empowerment, community, and responsibility in students. Evaluation data can serve as a metric of the merit of these programs and the impact on school health programs and communities.


All animals do not display the same capacities for repairing injuries, i.e. they possess what may be termed different 'regeneration potentials'. One parameter influencing the regeneration potential manifested by an organism is its developmental history, or ontogeny. Early in an animal's ontogeny many of its cells are still undergoing both structural and biochemical modifications. As the animal matures, its cells become increasingly differentiated, ultimately attaining a high degree of specialization (Hay, 1966; Balinsky, 1970). Numerous studies support the contention that the younger an animal ontogenically, the greater is its regeneration potential. Investigations using amphibians have presented several cogent examples of this generalization (Balinsky, 1970). Analogous situations are also evident in the Cnidaria. In the hydrozoan, Hydra, the tentacles contain what are among the ontogenically 'oldest' cells in the organism (Tripp, 1928; Brien & Reniers-Decoen, 1949; Burnett, 1966; Campbell, 1967b). Unlike the remainder of the organism, these structures also reportedly possess no regeneration potential (Peebles, 1897; Kanaev, 1952). Three explanations have been proposed to account for the absence of regeneration potential in isolated tentacles. Nussbaum (cited in Kanaev, 1952) suggested that the absence of interstitial cells in the tentacles precluded regeneration. However, other regions of the animal, when experimentally deprived of this cell type, retained their regenerative capacities (Brien, 1953; Diehl & Burnett, 1964). A second explanation invoked the size of an isolated tentacle as a factor limiting regeneration. In disputing this suggestion, Peebles (1897) measured tentacle volume. Isolated Hydra grisea (Pallas) tentacles ranged from 0.01 to to 0.03 mm3, while the volume of the smallest body fragment capable of total regeneration was considerably smaller, 0.006 to 0.01 mm3. From these measurements she concluded that the size of isolated tentacles could not account for the inability to regenerate.


This paper presents an algorithm to optimize the deployment of hubs for smart energy metering based on the Internet of Things. A georeferenced scenario is proposed in which each user must connect to a concentrator, either directly or through another user, minimizing the resources required to achieve connectivity. Consequently, to carry out the optimization, the minimum spanning tree between devices is found, in which the maximum connection distance and the capacity of the hubs are limited. Additionally, this work seeks to achieve a scalable algorithm applicable to any georeferenced scenario to be simulated. The main contribution of this work is an IoT-based smart metering architecture that optimizes resources and adapts to a scenario that changes or integrates more users to the energy metering network without losing the connectivity of the initial users. As a result of the application of the algorithm, a scenario route map is generated. The scenario's parameters include the number of hops in the network, the optimal number of concentrators and their geographical location, the average number of hops, and the total distance of the path, among others. In this project, a georeferenced urban scenario was considered in which residential areas coexist with intelligent buildings. The scenario has growth stages in which the algorithm is applied, and in each one, the optimal route map is generated.


Generating reliable illumination and viewpoint invariant keypoints is critical for feature-based SLAM and SfM. State-of-the-art learning-based methods often rely on generating training samples by employing homography adaptation to create 2D synthetic views. While such approaches trivially solve data association between views, they cannot effectively learn from real illumination and non-planar 3D scenes. In this work, we propose a fully self-supervised approach towards learning depth-aware keypoints \textit{purely} from unlabeled videos by incorporating a differentiable pose estimation module that jointly optimizes the keypoints and their depths in a Structure-from-Motion setting. We introduce 3D Multi-View Adaptation, a technique that exploits the temporal context in videos to self-supervise keypoint detection and matching in an end-to-end differentiable manner. Finally, we show how a fully self-supervised keypoint detection and description network can be trivially incorporated as a front-end into a state-of-the-art visual odometry framework that is robust and accurate.


Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, has a poor prognosis that has not improved in the last decades. Therefore, in order to find more effective treatment regimens, it is necessary to gain more insight into the biology and clinical behaviour of these tumours. This thesis entails a thorough histopathological characterization of retrospectively collected tumours from a consecutive cohort of patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma, followed by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical studies of eight candidate protein biomarkers. Tumours were classified as being of pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) or intestinal type (I-type), using histological criteria, and all biomarker analyses were performed in strata according to morphological type. In Paper I, histopathological studies showed that a standardized and meticulous protocol for assessment of the surgical specimens, as well as blind revisions of slides, had impact on the decision on tumour origin, the number of involved lymph nodes and involved margins. The biomarker studies in Paper II revealed that expression of the global gene regulator special AT-rich sequencebinding protein 1 (SATB1) was an independent factor of poor prognosis in PB-type tumours. SATB1 expression, however, also indicated a better response to adjuvant chemotherapy, in particular in I-type tumours. A closely related protein, SATB2, was found to be expressed in a few tumours only, making it difficult to draw any firm conclusions on its prognostic value. In Paper III, biomarker studies on proteins related togemcitabine metabolism revealed that a high ratio between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of human protein R (HuR) indicated resistance to chemotherapy in PB-type tumours. In I-type tumours, high expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was a favourable prognostic factor and high expression of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) indicated sensitivity to chemotherapy. In Paper IV, biomarker studies on the human epidermal growth factor receptors 1-3 (HER1-3) revealed a potential negative predictive effect of high EGFR (HER1) expression in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy in PB-type tumours. Six percent of I-type tumours had high expression of HER2, and gene amplification was confirmed in assessable cases. In I-type tumours, high expression of HER3 was a favourable prognostic factor, but not independent of other prognostic factors. Several of the potentially treatment predictive associations described in this thesis are novel, and may be of clinical interest if the results can be repeated in other cohorts and if the mechanistic basis is understood. The results presented here must be however be interpreted with caution, since the cohort is retrospective and many tests have been made. (Less)


To estimate the incidence of clinical HIV-testing and the association between testing and sexual habits, data from a 1992 population-based, anonymous survey of sexual behaviour were analysed. The sample size was 10,000 subjects between 18 and 60 years of age and the response rate was 48%. 15% of the males and 13% of the females reported having been HIV-tested at least once during the period 1985-92, and 1% of the sample four times or more. The incidence of testing has increased. However, a decrease in first time testing was observed after 1990. The best predictors of HIV-testing are the partner's test behaviour and the number of sexual partners during a lifetime.


The project helped develop more than 20,000 serviced plots, with the eventual construction of as many houses. This was twice the original target, predominantly because the project team used savings accrued from an appreciating US dollar to develop additional plots. Although the project missed the poorest people, it achieved its overall goal of reaching low-income dwellers.


This study aims to examine how and in what ways pre-service teachers' identities are constructed and developed in student-teaching experiences. In this study, two Taiwanese EFL university pre-service teachers participated in a year-long 2019-2020 case study at Southern University. Data consisted of pre-service teacher multicultural attitudes, the transcriptions of course documents, and open-ended interviews. The study suggests that the pre-service teachers' beliefs play a significant role in shaping their understanding of language learning and teaching. Additionally, the experiences pre-service teachers have in diverse cultural settings shape their identities and inform their future teaching practices as they develop the ability to connect with their students and offer valuable insights. The results suggest that future pre-service teacher education programs should nurture pre-service teachers' multicultural awareness and cultural teaching strategies before and during teaching the students.


Cropping pattern simply means the proportion of area under different crops at a point of time, where us change in cropping pattern refers to the change in proportion of area under different crops at two different points of time. The cropping pattern of any area is generally controlled by physical, socio economic and technological factors. There are more than 20 crops with varying hectares are grown in this taluk. Of these 20 crops only 5 crops based on the properties of land to the total area under cultivation alone has been considered for analysis. Simple percentage obtained by dividing total area under crops, in to area of different crops. Paddy is the dominant crop in this taluk. During the year 1995-1996 to 2008-2009 the following are the major 5 major crops are taken in to cultivate in the study area. Such as Paddy 82.2%, Sugarcane 6.5%, Oilseeds 4.5%, Pulses 4.1% and Cotton 1.9% to the total cropped area in the taluk.


The brain signals are generally measured by Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications. In motor imagery-based BCI, the performed MI tasks (e.g., imagined hand movement) are identified through a classification algorithm to communicate and control the device. Consequently, improving the performance of the classifier is crucial to the success of the BCI system. One of the most popular linear classifier in BCI applications is the Support Vector Machine (SVM). This paper improves the performance of MI-based BCI by finding the optimum free kernel parameters of the SVM classifier. A real-coded genetic algorithm is utilized to determine the free kernel parameters of the SVM. The performance of this method is evaluated using publicly available BCI Competition IV dataset IIa for right and left hand motor imagery tasks. The results show that using real-valued GA-based SVM with Polynomial or Gaussian kernel improves the average accuracy over nine subjects compared with the baseline (i.e., the grid search method). Hence, using automated method (GA) helps us in improving the performance of the MI-based BCI especially for subjects with poor performance.


Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) are the foremost genes to respond to any stimuli within the cell. This group of genes are in fact transcription factors which are associated with the growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of the cells. Fos proteins produced by c-fos gene, which is an IEG, and Jun proteins produced by c-jun gene, which is also an IEG, are the components of the transcription factor complex, namely the Activator Protein-1 (AP1), and they act together. The members of the AP-1 complex modulate various gene expressions. All AP-1 proteins regulate certain aspects of the cellular responses to growth factors. These components are critically linked to many cellular processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation.Carcinogenesis resulting from the impairment in the cellular processes controlled by IEGs and AP-1 has been described. Besides the vital importance of their normal cellular expressions, the abnormal expressions of IEGs and AP-1 could cause serious problems such as oncogenic transformation. There are several ongoing studies about the substances and effectors causing overexpression or inhibition of AP-1. If the stages of oncogenic transformation and the role of AP-1 and IEGs in this transformation can be illuminated, carcinogenesis could be taken under control as well as some of the peculiarities of malignant cells could be beneficial for the treatments of various diseases.


The fatty acids in cardiolipin, choline phosphoglyceride, ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, inositol phosphoglyceride, and serine phosphoglyceride in the human gastrocnemius muscle were studied for changes between early fetal age to middle age. In cardiolipin, choline phosphoglyceride, and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, the relative total amount of the linoleic acid series increased considerably during the prenatal period and reached maximum values during the first year of life. In inositol phosphoglyceride and serine phosphoglyceride, only slight changes in the sum of fatty acids of the linoleic acid series were found. An increase in the concentration of fatty acids of the linolenic acid series was found in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride and serine phosphoglyceride, while only minor amounts of these fatty acids were present in choline phosphoglyceride and inositol phosphoglyceride and not at all in cardiolipin. During the period studied, the amount of plasmalogen in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride decreased slightly during the first year of life and then remained at 40%. The amount of plasmalogen increased in choline phosphoglyceride from 8% at the middle of the gestational period to 15% 1 yr after birth. The individual phospholipids were found to have characteristic fatty acid patterns.


Analysis of gene expression is becoming more important in all areas of biological research to evaluate gene expression during physiological and pathological conditions (e.g., mastitis), not the least in the field of animal research. Presently, real-time gene expression analysis is considered to be the method of choice for accurate and sensitive quantification of mRNA transcripts. Because comparison of gene expression levels is frequently the aim of these experiments, there is a critical need to validate internal control genes. When studying gene expression in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes, special attention should be paid to this validation, because polymorphonuclear leukocytes are subjected to numerous physiological influences, depending on the stage of lactation. In this study, 8 commonly used reference genes (ACT, GAPD, H2A, TBP, HPRT1, SDHA, YWHAZ, and 18S rRNA) were evaluated in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The transcription levels of 6 reference genes were determined using real-time PCR. By geometrically averaging the expression levels of these genes, SDHA, YWHAZ, and 18S rRNA were selected as being the most stable genes for accurate normalization of real-time results of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes.


The growth arrest DNA damage‐inducible gene (GADD45) family, which is composed of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G, may play similar but not identical roles in tumorigenesis. Genetic changes associated with or responsible for their dysregulation are in general uncommon. This study was to detect the role of GADD45 gene family in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and the relationship of GADD45A and GADD45G methylation to a series of pathological parameters in a large GCA sample, in order to elucidate more information on the role of GADD45 gene family with regard to the pathogenesis of GCA. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of GADD45A and GADD45G but not GADD45B were found in 138 GCA tumor tissues. The methylation frequency of 5′ 4 CpG region located in distal promoter of GADD45A and proximal promoter of GADD45G in GCA tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues. The expression levels of GADD45A and GADD45G were inversely correlated with methylation levels. GADD45B expression was not correlated with GCA patients survival, while GADD45A and GADD45G methylation status and protein expression were independently associated with GCA patients' survival. These results suggest that GADD45A and GADD45G gene may act as functional tumor suppressor but being frequently inactivated epigenetically in patients with GCA. Silencing of GADD45A and GADD45G, negative regulator of cell growth, is most likely responsible for conferring a selective growth advantage during GCA evolution and outgrowth.


Nursing science is based on a very broad theory. Nursing process is the method by which a concept is applied in nursing practice. It can be termed as an approach to solving the problem (problem- solving) that requires knowledge, techniques, and skills interpersonel which aim to meet the need of clients, families, and communities. The nursing process consists of five interconnected sequential stages, namely the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The stages of the intellectual functions integrate problem-solving in a nursing define. Nursing process in general purpose is to rearrange the framework concept based on individual circumstances (client), families, and communities so that their needs can be fulfilled. Accountability (accountability) is accountable for behavior and its results are included in the scope of one's professional role as reflected in the periodic report in writing on the attitude and results. Nurses accountable to themselves, patients, profession, fellow employees and the society.


Policies of citizen involvement in health and social care have given rise to a variety of organisational forms, which address citizens in different capacities and differ in their demands as to the representativeness, performance and competence of those involved. Apparently, the policies draw on different institutional logics. Based on extant studies, partly the author's own research from Norway, this article sheds light on three purposefully selected cases of citizen involvement. Two models of democratic consultation encompass a dominant model of involvement in Norway (advisory bodies of service users) and a model more prevalent in UK (panels of the general public). These are both embedded within a logic of democracy. A third emergent model of involvement is one in which citizens with experience as service users are engaged as workers in service providing organisations. This model resembles an idea of co-production. However, when involvement is organised as user-employment and paid work, the model rather seems rooted within the logic of the market – the labour market of service workers. The rise of this model suggests a shift in institutional embedding of citizen involvement. The analysis of these models provides a framework of distinguishing dimensions between different models of involvement.


In my opinion, art is the most personal means of expressing myself that I am capable of, and therefore the most difficult to examine and explain. My paintings and drawings are the innermost feelings about something very close to me, namely nature. Nature is an inspiration to me because it has freedom, it has space, it has endurance and longevity. This, however, does not mean that my work is merely a copy of nature. I dislike copying from pictures because that does not give me enough freedom to discover my feelings about a subject. And I do not paint from nature, but rather of nature. Nature has no starting point or stopping point, no beginning or end. So, I draw from my mind the stored-up images that I have accumulated from nature and, through a spiritual gift (for I do believe that art is a spiritual talent), I try to depict my feelings about the wonder of the outdoors. My art, then, becomes an expression of my mood coupled with an imaginary interpretation of something I have seen in my lifetime.


Abstract. Dry deposition is an important removal mechanism for tropospheric ozone (O3). Currently, O3 deposition to oceans in atmospheric chemistry and transport models (ACTMs) is generally represented using constant surface uptake resistances. This occurs despite the role of solubility, waterside turbulence and O3 reacting with ocean water reactants such as iodide resulting in substantial spatiotemporal variability in O3 deposition and concentrations in marine boundary layers. We hypothesize that O3 deposition to the Arctic Ocean, having a relatively low reactivity, is overestimated in current models with consequences for the tropospheric concentrations, lifetime and long-range transport of O3. We investigate the impact of the representation of oceanic O3 deposition to the simulated magnitude and spatiotemporal variability in Arctic surface O3. We have integrated the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment Gas transfer algorithm (COAREG) into the mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model Polar-WRF-Chem (WRF) which introduces a dependence of O3 deposition on physical and biogeochemical drivers of oceanic O3 deposition. Also, we reduced the O3 deposition to sea ice and snow. Here, we evaluate WRF and CAMS reanalysis data against hourly averaged surface O3 observations at 25 sites (latitudes > 60∘ N). This is the first time such a coupled modeling system has been evaluated against hourly observations at pan-Arctic sites to study the sensitivity of the magnitude and temporal variability in Arctic surface O3 on the deposition scheme. We find that it is important to nudge WRF to the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data to ensure adequate meteorological conditions to evaluate surface O3. We show that the mechanistic representation of O3 deposition over oceans and reduced snow/ice deposition improves simulated Arctic O3 mixing ratios both in magnitude and temporal variability compared to the constant resistance approach. Using COAREG, O3 deposition velocities are in the order of 0.01 cm s−1 compared to ∼ 0.05 cm s−1 in the constant resistance approach. The simulated monthly mean spatial variability in the mechanistic approach (0.01 to 0.018 cm s−1) expresses the sensitivity to chemical enhancement with dissolved iodide, whereas the temporal variability (up to ±20 % around the mean) expresses mainly differences in waterside turbulent transport. The mean bias for six sites above 70∘ N reduced from −3.8 to 0.3 ppb with the revision to ocean and snow/ice deposition. Our study confirms that O3 deposition to high-latitude oceans and snow/ice is generally overestimated in ACTMs. We recommend that a mechanistic representation of oceanic O3 deposition is preferred in ACTMs to improve the modeled Arctic surface O3 concentrations in terms of magnitude and temporal variability.


In a previous paper, Krail and Brysk (1989), we gave a theory for the curve shape of a streamer in a constant cross current. The curve shape predicted by this theory was compared with the shape of a towed streamer cable determined from a small number of field measurements. The agreement was judged to be fair. At the conclusion of the paper we promised to do a more extensive comparison with field measurements.


A new technique is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The first mutant found by this technique is characterized. Cells exhibiting the gam-1 phenotype are capable of sexual agglutination, but cannot form zygotes at the restrictive temperature. The mutation, however, has been expressed only in gametes of mating type (-). Cells of mating type (+) which carry this gene are able to engage in normal zygote formation. Temperature shift experiments and antibiotic studies have indicated that this gene is expressed within 6 hr after the onset of gametogenesis in liquid culture, and its product has a lifetime of about 4 hr at 35 degrees.