Abstract Research suggests that a parental trauma history may increase the risk of family violence and have a negative impact on parent/child dyadic functioning and on children's psychosocial adjustment. This study aimed at exploring mother/child dyadic functioning, and symptom levels in mothers and children's psychosocial adjustment in a sample of refugee families referred for treatment of family violence (N = 21). The study entailed a mixed methods design consisting of a video recorded mother/child interaction using the structured observation method "the Marschak Interaction Method" and questionnaires. Children's psychosocial adjustment was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mothers' symptom levels were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and The Hopkins Symptom CheckList-25. Mother/child dyadic functioning was measured by the Marschak Interaction Method Rating System (MIMRS), and potential associations between scores on the MIMRS and mother/child symptom and psychosocial adjustment levels were explored using partial correlations. Results reveal that the majority of dyads showed signs of problematic/clearly dysfunctional behavior in one or more of the four domains: Structure, Engagement, Challenging and Nurture. Qualitative analyses of the material revealed a number of distinct ways in which the dyads' behavior was problematic/clearly dysfunctional. An association between maternal symptom levels and scores on the MIMRS could not be confirmed. An association was confirmed between maternal symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and children's psychosocial maladjustment. Furthermore, an association was found between scores on the MIMRS and children's health-related quality of life. Findings from the study have clinical implications and emphasize the need for future research.


The cross sections of fragments produced in 140 A MeV Ca + Be and Ni + Be reactions are calculated by the statistical abration-ablation(SAA) model and compared to the experimental results measured at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. The fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions of Ca and Ca, Ni and Ni, Ca and Ni, and Ca and Ni are compared and the isospin dependence of the projectile fragmentation is studied. It is found that the isospin dependence decreases and disappears in the central collisions. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions are found to be very similar for symmetric projectile nuclei. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic distributions of different asymmetric projectiles produced in peripheral reactions are found very similar. The similarity of the distributions are related to the similar proton and neutron density distributions inside the nucleus in framework of the SAA model.


Abstract Phlaeoba infumata belongs to Acrididae, Orthoptera. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. infumata is 15,642 bp in length, and its arrangement was identical to the Locusta migratoria mitogenome, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and a A + T-rich region. Using the 13 PCGs and two rRNA of P. infumata, together with 10 other close-related and two outgroup species, we constructed Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree to validate the mitogenome sequences of P. infumata.


"Our first full quarter of 7nm Ryzen, Radeon and EPYC processor sales drove our highest quarterly revenue since 2005, our highest quarterly gross margin since 2012 and a significant increase in net income year-over-year," said Dr. Lisa Su, AMD president and CEO. "I am extremely pleased with our progress as we have the strongest product portfolio in our history, significant customer momentum and a leadership product roadmap for 2020 and beyond."


The aim of the paper is to discuss perspectives on power in Swedish schools in relation to policy change in the area of pupil influence. More specific the aim is to discuss possible analytical tools that could contribute to illuminate pupil influence as strategy according to values and power in educational processes.The Swedish Education Act (2010:800 § 4) stipulates that education in the school system aims at students acquiring and developing knowledge and values. It should promote the development and learning of students. Despite the statement in the Education Act we have today in Sweden an ongoing political discussion on the need to put knowledge as aim in the forefront of values. Pupil influence, as a way of learning and living democracy in schools, is also being questioned.In our paper we want to analyze and discuss a policy shift in perspectives of pupils' participation, i.e. from pupils as subjects participating in achieving the aims of the school system to student as only receiving objects of school activities. Furthermore, we want to discuss how didactical oriented studies can contribute with action strategies enabling both knowledge and values as important aims of everyday activities in schools.


A case of an anteriorly located meningioma in the region of the foramen magnum, successfully treated by a transoral approach, is reported. A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the author's department on January 19th, 1983. Six years before admission, she began to experience the gradual cold dysesthesia in the both palms, and then developed gait disturbance, clumsiness of the right hand and a stiffneck. She was found to have atrophied hands, mild spastic tetraparesis, ataxia and hypalgesia under the bilateral C2 spinal levels. A CT scan disclosed a patchy hyperdense lesion, which was enhanced homogenously with contrast medium, occupying almost all the intradural extramedullary space at the foramen magnum. The transoral approach was employed following preliminary tracheostomy. The tumor, extending about one centimeter superiorly to the basion and inferiorly to the upper border of C2 body, was removed completely, and then the dural defect was covered with a piece of fascia and gelform. An anterior occipitocervical fusion was performed extending to C2 using a block of an antogenous iliac bone. Post-operatively immobilization was secured by a Halo-Vest. But unexpectedly, CSF leakage was disclosed several days after the surgery without neurological deterioration. On the 17th day following first surgery, a re-operation was performed. The dural defect was successfully repaired with a piece of fascia by interrupted sutures in an illustrated fashion (Fig. 5). A piece of muscle was then placed in the epidural space created by bone removal. A fusion of the atlanto-axial joint not extending to the basiocciput was employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


A series is reported of 25 subjects with migraine, whose attacks on some occasions involved impairment of consciousness. The disorder did not necessarily involve younger people, or occur early in the course of the malady.


Bone turnover helps accomplish long-term correction of the extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) homeostasis by the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These processes are highly regulated by the actions of hormones, most prominently parathyroid hormone (PTH), the release of which is a function of the Ca2+ o, and is regulated by the action of the Ca2+ -sensing receptor (CaR) in the parathyroid gland. Various mutations of the CaR gene give rise to gain or loss of functions leading respectively to hypo- or hypercalcaemic conditions. CaR could conceivably be a target for local changes in the Ca2+ o in the bone microenvironment thereby acting as a 'growth factor' in various cells residing in the bone marrow. This review discusses about the roles of the CaR in bone. In osteoblasts, CaR promotes its proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. In osteoclasts, CaR mediates high Ca2+ o-stimulated osteoclast differentiation as well as osteoclast apoptosis. CaR regulates localization of haematopoietic stem cells from the foetal liver to endosteal niche, the socalled homing. Although the CaR plays a key role in the defense against hypercalcaemia, its function can be aberrant in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy in which CaR activation stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) secretion. Increased levels of PTHrP cause a vicious hypercalcaemic state resulting from its increased bone-resorptive and positive renal calcium reabsorbing effects give rise to hypercalcaemia. CaR mediates a variety of functions of Ca2+ o in the bone microenvironment under both normal and pathological conditions.


The author reviews the history and evolution of Canadian university-based generalist journals. The growth in the number of these journals grew steadily from the late 1940s to the early 1970s, and then stopped abruptly. The driving force behind the establishment of these journals were local and pedagogical: they were adjuncts of students' legal education. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, most generalist journals had outgrown their original mission. They became significant venues for the publication of legal scholarship and reformulated their aims and procedures to set high scholarly standards. All of the existing university-based generalist law journals now have some degree of faculty involvement. The author then outlines the explosion in the number of specialist journals since the early 1970s and describes the changes in legal scholarship, legal practice and legal knowledge that have driven the shift from generalist to specialist journals. The author concludes that the golden age of the generalist law journal is well behind us, and that there may well be compelling reasons for some journals to switch from a generalist to a specialist format.


Background Optimal timing of ART initiation for individuals presenting with AIDS-related OIs has not been defined. Methods and Findings A5164 was a randomized strategy trial of "early ART" - given within 14 days of starting acute OI treatment versus "deferred ART" - given after acute OI treatment is completed. Randomization was stratified by presenting OI and entry CD4 count. The primary week 48 endpoint was 3-level ordered categorical variable: 1. Death/AIDS progression; 2. No progression with incomplete viral suppression (ie HIV viral load (VL) ≥50 copies/ml); 3. No progression with optimal viral suppression (ie HIV VL <50 copies/ml). Secondary endpoints included: AIDS progression/death; plasma HIV RNA and CD4 responses and safety parameters including IRIS. 282 subjects were evaluable; 141 per arm. Entry OIs included Pneumocytis jirovecii pneumonia 63%, cryptococcal meningitis 12%, and bacterial infections 12%. The early and deferred arms started ART a median of 12 and 45 days after start of OI treatment, respectively. The difference in the primary endpoint did not reach statistical significance: AIDS progression/death was seen in 20 (14%) vs. 34 (24%); whereas no progression but with incomplete viral suppression was seen in 54 (38%) vs. 44 (31%); and no progression with optimal viral suppression in 67 (48%) vs 63 (45%) in the early vs. deferred arm, respectively (p = 0.22). However, the early ART arm had fewer AIDS progression/deaths (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94) and a longer time to AIDS progression/death (stratified HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.30–0.92). The early ART had shorter time to achieving a CD4 count above 50 cells/mL (p<0.001) and no increase in adverse events. Conclusions Early ART resulted in less AIDS progression/death with no increase in adverse events or loss of virologic response compared to deferred ART. These results support the early initiation of ART in patients presenting with acute AIDS-related OIs, absent major contraindications. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00055120


Research with proton exchange membrane fuel cells has demonstrated their potential as important providers of clean energy. The commercialization of this type of fuel cell needs a breakthrough in the electrocatalyst technology to reduce the relatively large amount of noble metal platinum used with the present carbon based substrates. We have recently examined suitably sized silicon carbide (SiC) particles as catalyst supports for fuel cells based on the stable chemical and mechanical properties of this material. In the present study, we have continued our work with studies of the oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions of SiC supported catalysts and measured them against commercially available carbon based catalysts. The deconvolution of the hydrogen desorption signals in CV cycles shows a higher contribution of Pt (110) and Pt (111) peaks compared to Pt (100) for SiC based supports than for carbon based commercial catalysts, when HClO4 is used as an electrolyte. The Pt (110) and Pt (111) facets are shown to have higher electrochemical activities than Pt (100) facets. To the best of our knowledge, methanol oxidation studies and the comparison of peak deconvolutions of the H desorption region in CV cyclic studies are reported here for the first time for SiC based catalysts. The reaction kinetics for the oxygen reduction and for methanol oxidation with Pt/SiC are observed to be similar to the carbon based catalysts. The SiC based catalyst shows a higher specific surface activity than BASF (Pt/C) for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction while the mass activity values are comparable.


Appropriate assembly and constriction of the acto-myosin based contractile ring is essential for the final separation of the two daughter cells in mitosis. This is orchestrated by the small GTPase Rho as well as convergent signals from the prior events of mitosis. Contractile ring assembly requires the physical interaction of structural proteins like the microtubules of the central spindle, motor proteins and Rho activators. These and the interaction of newly localized proteins downstream of active Rho are essential for stability of the contractile ring and its proper constriction. Here, we discuss our recent findings that reveal a complex network of protein interactions during the early stages of cytokinesis. This includes evidence for a direct interaction between Polo Kinase and RacGAP50C as well as unpublished data suggesting other interactions of interest within the contractile ring.


The causes of the high topography in Scandinavia along the North Atlantic passive continental margins are enigmatic, and two end-member models have been proposed. One opinion is that the high topography has been maintained since the Caledonian orogeny, because isostatic rebound has compensated for most of the erosion over >400 My. The other opinion is that the topography is Cenozoic and that it is related to plate tectonic or deep thermal / geodynamic processes. Onshore uplift is related to simultaneous offshore subsidence, and the rapid topographic changes may be the combined result of a series of complementary processes.

Here, we provide new evidence for the upper mantle structure by calculating a tomographic model for Fennoscandia (Scandinavia and Finland) by teleseismic inversion of finite-frequency P- and S- wave travel-time residuals. We use seismic signals from earthquakes at epicentral distances between 30° and 104° and with magnitudes larger than 5.5, gathered on 200 broad-band seismic stations installed by the ScanArray project in Norway, Sweden and Finland, which operated during 2012-2017, together with data from earlier projects and stationary stations..

We measure relative travel-time residuals of direct body waves in high- and low-frequency bands, and carry out an appropriate frequency-dependent crustal correction. The average residuals vary over the region, and show clear trends depending on location and and back-azimuthal directions. This demonstrates the presence of significant heterogeneity of seismic velocities in the upper mantle across the region. Based on the travel-time residuals, we carry out finite-frequency body-wave tomographic inversion to determine the P and S wave seismic velocity structure of the upper-mantle. By use of “relative kernels” we reduce problems related to station coverage with asynchronous datasets, which allows the use of data from different deployments for the inversion. The resulting seismic model is compared to the existing and past topography in order to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms responsible for the topographic changes in the Fennoscandian region, which we relate to the general tectonic and geological evolution of the North Atlantic region. The models provide basis for deriving high-resolution models of temperature and compositional anomalies that may contribute to the understanding of the observed, enigmatic topography.


This book is the winner of the Telegraph Books of the Year and Obeserver Books of the Year 2014. 'This book is a record of what has moved me between Uxbridge and Dagenham. My hope is that it moves you, too.' Nairn's London is an idiosyncratic, poetic and intensely subjective meditation on a city and its buildings. Including railway stations, synagogues, abandoned gasworks, dock cranes, suburban gardens, East End markets, Hawksmoor churches, a Gothic cinema and twenty-seven different pubs, it is a portrait of the soul of a place, from a writer of genius.


BACKGROUND
Captan is an important fungicide for controlling diseases in horticultural crops. Predicting its dissipation is important for estimating dietary risks and optimising pesticide application. Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of captan loss on apple leaves with temperature, humidity and rainfall, and to investigate captan loss on fruit in dry conditions.

RESULTS
There was large unit-to-unit variability in captan residues in spite of the controlled application. Temperature and humidity had negligible effects on captan loss. Captan loss is predominately due to washoff by rain, although a certain proportion of captan may bind to the plant surface tightly and hence may not be readily removed by rain. About 50% of captan can be washed off by as little as 1 mm of rain after an application, and the loss appeared not to relate to the amount of rain. Under dry conditions, daily loss of captan is estimated to be around 1% on both fruit and leaves, giving a half-life of ca 70 days.

CONCLUSIONS
Captan loss on leaf and fruit surfaces is primarily due to rain washoff.


The Production Scripting Engine (PSE) is a Virtual Director software automatically selecting and framing camera shots in an interactive live broadcast production system. It is informed through various channels, some of which send a low-level event stream. The decision making process is distributed along a chain over the production and delivery networks, and the concrete amount of PSE instances depends on the actual production.


Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath has been used to determine exposures of humans to chemicals. Prior to analysis of VOCs, breath samples are often collected with canisters or bags and concentrated. The Bio-VOC breath sampler, a commercial sampling device, has been recently introduced to the market with growing use. The main advantage for this sampler is to collect the last portion of exhaled breath, which is more likely to represent the air deep in the lungs. However, information about the Bio-VOC sampler is somewhat limited. Therefore, we have thoroughly evaluated the sampler here. We determined the volume of the breath air collected in the sampler was approximately 88 mL. When sampling was repeated multiple times, with the succeeding exhalations applied to a single sorbent tube, we observed linear relationships between the normalized peak intensity and the number of repeated collections with the sampler in many of the breath VOCs detected. No moisture effect was observed on the Tenax sorbent tubes used. However, due to the limitation in the collection volume, the use of the Bio-VOC sampler is recommended only for detection of VOCs present at high concentrations unless repeated collections of breath samples on the sampler are conducted.


Multilayer interference filters having various transmission characteristics are described and compared. The emphasis is on filters with narrow stop bands such as might be used to eliminate the hazard from a laser beam. Four types of filters are considered: (1) quarter-wave stacks of two dielectric materials having matching layers one-eighth wavelength thick; (2) quarter-wave stacks of two dielectric materials having all layers of the same optical thickness (including the end layers); (3) quarter-wave stacks wherein all layers are of the same optical thickness, but the refractive indices of the layers may all be different to achieve equal reflection ripples in the passband; and (4) multilayer stacks of two dielectric materials wherein each layer may be of a different optical thickness to achieve nearly equal reflection ripples in the passband. The new formulas presented give the bandwidths between nulls of all the various filters as well as the bandwidths between equal-ripple points of the equal-ripple filter. Explicit formulas are stated for the ripple envelopes of filter types (1) and (2), and for the ripple heights of equal-ripple filters of types (3) and (4). A first-order design procedure based on the theory of linear arrays is given and evaluated by working numerical examples; general design criteria are presented to establish the validity of the first-order theory.


In view of the shortage of resources and low utilization rate of resources in the campus, relying on advanced technologies such as big data, cloud computing and the Internet of things, the smart campus social platform is designed and developed, and deployed on the cloud server to provide real-time information release, campus dynamic understanding and resource sharing in the campus. In order to build a "clean" and "harmonious" campus website, the platform uses prefix tree algorithm to filter sensitive words. In the process of platform design, the problem of interface blocking or even downtime is solved by asynchronous processing. The platform uses Solr search engine to realize document storage and full-text search. The test results show that the platform has strong stability, shortens the search time, and provides convenience for teachers and students.


Background: The scientific article investigates morphonological phenomena observed in the formation of new words in the Bashkir language. In addition, the object of morphonology and linguistic nature of morphonological processes are considered. Methods: The article focuses on morphonological phenomena observed in the process of affixed derivation, as morphonological conversion occurs exactly in case of affixation in the structure of motivational word; other methods of derivation also have not remained out of sight. The authors of the scientific article considered the level of phonemes, performing morphophoneme function in the Bashkir language. Findings: This article focuses on morphonological phenomena taking place in the formative system of modern Bashkir language. According to the authors, the following morphonological phenomena types are highlighted in modern Bashkir language: Stem clipping, morpheme augmentation, juxtaposition of phonemes, phoneme alternation. Improvements: The novelty of the proposed method consists in the fact that during the study, morphophonemes, actively functioning in derivation process of the Bashkir language have been revealed. Their place and role in the formation of linguistic units of certain lexical and grammatical group have also been determined.


This paper describes the effect of polarity of applied field and electrode metal on electric conduction and space charge formation in one-sided acetophenone-coated low density polyethylene (LDPE) film. Up to an electric field of about 0.5 MV/cm with Au electrode, the acetophenone-coated positive electrode gives much larger conduction current than the negative one, suggesting that the existence of acetophenone at electrode interface enhances the hole injection rather than the electron injection. In the case of Al electrode this polarity dependence is opposite, suggesting the electron injection is more enhanced for Al electrode. Above about 0.5 MV/cm, however, these polarity effects changed. This change of polarity effect in high field region is explained by considering the space charge distribution and carrier injection from the acetophenone non-coated-side electrode. With the polarity where the current above 0.5 MV/cm became much larger, the dc electric strength showed significant decrease, showing that the dc breakdown is governed by the thermal process caused by Joule heating.


The fate of small particles in turbulent flows depends strongly on the velocity gradient properties of the surrounding fluid, such as rotation and strain rates. For non-inertial (fluid) particles, the restricted Euler model provides a simple low-dimensional dynamical system representation of Lagrangian evolution of velocity gradients in fluid turbulence, at least for short times. Here, we derive a new restricted Euler dynamical system for the velocity gradient evolution of inertial particles, such as solid particles in a gas, or droplets and bubbles in turbulent liquid flows. The model is derived in the limit of small (sub-Kolmogorov-scale) particles and low Stokes number. The system exhibits interesting fixed points, stability and invariant properties. Comparisons with data from direct numerical simulations show that the model predicts realistic trends such as the tendency of increased straining over rotation along heavy particle trajectories and, for light particles such as bubbles, the tendency of reduced self-stretching of the strain rate.


Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are difficult to measure, analyze and assess for risk because of low ambient concentrations and varieties. Types of HAPs are Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Aldehydes. HAP emissions from vehicles are a contributor to serious adverse health effects in urban areas. In this study, hazardous air pollutant emissions from road transport vehicles by Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) weight fraction and PAHs emission factors are estimated in 2008. The top-five-most hazardous air pollutant emissions were estimated to toluene 864.3 ton/yr, acrolein 690.6 ton/yr, acetaldehyde 554.5 ton/yr, formaldehyde 498.7 ton/yr, propionaldehyde 421.6 ton/yr in 2008. The results for a cancer and non-cancer risk assessment of HAPs emissions show that the major cancer driver is formaldehyde and the non-cancer driver is acrolein.


The minimum illuminance requirement for New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) Clause G7 – Natural Light is currently not being met in some new apartments. Daylight simulation is the most effective method of predicting the performance of daylight in apartments, but due to the complexity and time required to gain accurate results, these simulations are not routinely done. This paper discusses an investigation into whether a tool could be created that will identify when daylight simulations may be required to prove compliance with NZBC G7. A tool was created by simulating the effects of various building design and environmental factors on the illuminance levels in a set of hypothetical apartments. Calibration tests were carried out for three typical apartments in Wellington. This research demonstrated that a tool can be created that determines when apartment buildings may required daylight simulations as proof of compliance with NZBC G7.


Fecal coliforms were isolated from the inlet, the primary sedimentation tank, the activated sludge digestion tank, the final settling tank, the outlet and the return activated sludge drain at the municipal wastewater plant in Ube City, and examined for drug resistance and presence of R plasmids. Drug concentrations employed to distinguish resistant isolates from sensitive isolates were 25 micrograms/ml for tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin, 50 micrograms/ml for ampicillin, nalidixic acid and rifampicin, and 200 micrograms/ml for sulfisoxazole, respectively. Of a total of 900 isolates, 45.7% were drug resistant and 51.1% of them carried R plasmids. The further along that wastewater had progressed through the treatment process the greater the tendency was for appearance of the multiresistant isolates. These isolates also were shown to simultaneously carry transferable R plasmids. Observed resistant patterns of R plasmids were mainly multiple and encoded to resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulfisoxazole. It became clear that multiplication of R plasmids took place in the activated sludge digestion tank. This study show that drug resistance transfer mediated by these R plasmids may occur in actual wastewater treatment plants.


Employee brand commitment has a vital role in their brand supporting behaviors. Therefore, this study is investigated the effect of internal branding Mechanisms on employee brand commitment from the employees' perspective. This study also is examined the differences in employees' perspectives on internal branding mechanisms, and employee brand commitment depends on their years of experience & monthly income. This study is targeted the banking industry using a convenience sample that includes ten banks in Palestine. This study is explored the employees' perspective, thus, the unit of analysis in this study is the banks' employees. This study is employed a quantitative empirical causal research design, through a self-administered structured questionnaire. This study is used descriptive statistics tests, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), post-hoc multiple comparisons, two-step SEM process, and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the data is analyzed using the " Analysis of Moment Structure " AMOS 20 program. The findings are shown a strong effect of internal branding Mechanisms on employee brand commitment. Also, the study found differences in employees' perspectives on internal branding mechanisms and employee brand commitment depend on their years of experience & monthly income. Therefore, this research study may provide some benefits to the banking sector and the researcher in order to understand better the factors that will increase employee understanding of internal branding activities and enhancing employee brand commitment.


Background
To evaluate the segmental myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) fraction and to define a threshold ECV value that can be used to distinguish positive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) segments from negative myocardial segments using dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference.

Methods
Fifty-six subjects with cardiac disease or suspected cardiac disease, underwent both late iodine enhancement on CT (CT-LIE) scanning and late gadolinium enhancement on MRI (MRI-LGE) scanning. Each procedure occurred within a week of the other. Global and segmental ECVs of the left ventricle were measured by CT and MRI images. According to the location and pattern of delayed enhancement on MRI image, myocardial segments were classified into 3 groups: ischemic LGE segments (group 1), nonischemic LGE segments (group 2) and negative LGE segments (group 3). The correlation and agreement between CT-ECV and MRI-ECV were compared on a per-segment basis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish a threshold for LIE detection.

Results
Among the 56 patients, 896 segments were analyzed, and of these, 73 segments were in group 1, 229 segments were in group 2, and 594 segments were in group 3. In segmental analysis, CT-ECV in group 3 (27.0%; 24.9-28.9%) was significantly lower than that in group 1 (33.2%; 30.7-36.3%) and group 2 (34.9%; 32.3-39.8%; all P<0.001). Good correlations were seen between CT-ECV and MRI-ECV for all groups (group 1: r=0.920; group 2: r=0.936; group 3: r=0.799; all P<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis between CT-ECV and MRI-ECV showed a small bias in all 3 groups (group 1: -2.1%, 95% limits of agreement -11.3-7.1%; group 2: -0.6%, 95% limits of agreement -13.1-11.9%; group 3: 1.0%, 95% limits of agreement -12.7-14.7%). CT-ECV could differentiate between LGE-positive and LGE-negative segments with 83.1% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity at a cutoff of 31%.

Conclusions
ECV values derived from CT imaging showed good correlation and agreement with MR imaging findings, and CT-ECV provided high diagnostic accuracy for discriminating between LGE-positive and LGE-negative segments. Thus, cardiac CT imaging might be a suitable noninvasive imaging technique for myocardial ECV quantification.


Not too long ago, an academic symposium on Taking Administrative Law to Tax would have been just that -- academic. For decades, the tax law sat comfortably isolated from administrative law doctrines that governed other areas of law. Courts frequently applied tax-specific deference standards to IRS guidance, and the tax bar was largely indifferent to the Treasury's many violations of the Administrative Procedure Act. But all that changed when the Supreme Court rejected tax exceptionalism in Mayo v. United States. As the articles in this Symposium show, the Court's decision has brought great attention to the intersection between tax and administrative law, and this increased attention will have significant consequences for tax administration. This foreword weaves together and discusses the highlights of the articles in a short, easily digestible format, and it will get the reader up to speed on Mayo's potential impact on tax law.


We establish the second part of Milnor's conjecture on the volume of simplexes in hyperbolic and spherical spaces. A characterization of the closure of the space of the angle Gram matrices of simplexes is also obtained.


Objective The effects of maternal dietary energy levels on breast muscle fibre development in offspring of broiler breeders were investigated. Methods A total of 480 20-week-old Arbor Acres (AA) healthy female broiler breeders, with an average body weight of 2.33±0.01 kg, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates and 20 broiler breeders for each replicate and fed a corn and soybean meal diet with 100%, 80%, 70%, and 50% energy levels, respectively. Approximately 300 eggs per treatment were collected for incubation for 6 days. Then, 120 0-day-old female broilers at each energy level were randomly selected and divided into 6 replicates with 20 broilers for each replicate, with this experimental phase with the offspring lasting for 49 days. Results Compared with the 100% energy group, the breast muscle fibre diameter at embryonic day 21 in the 80% energy group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). In the 80% energy group, the muscle fibre density of the breast increased significantly (p<0.05) at embryonic days 15 and 21. The breast muscle fibre diameter of the offspring in each group was significantly decreased (p<0.05) on the 1st day. The breast muscle sarcomere length of the embryos in the 80% energy group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in the 70% and 50% energy groups. Compared with the 100% energy group, the expression of the myostatin gene in the offspring was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the effects of a maternal dietary energy level of 80% in this study were found to be optimal for breast muscle fibre development in offspring, which indicated that the metabolic energy level of AA broilers of 9.36 MJ/kg for the mid-term diet for laying eggs has a more practical significance.


As globalization gets its foothold in Africa, the people have started to feel its effects they are grapping with the new challenges coming along with it. The impacts are also gradually beginning to be felt as globalization begins to engulf the higher education sector. Willingly or otherwise, Africa seems to have come to terms with the fact that the hegemony of public higher education establishments would be a history as soon as the continent's private institutions emerge as a potent alternative. Like its counterparts in Africa, Ethiopia has not only acknowledged, but also actively responded to the changing situation as evidenced by the new reforms and policies introduced to higher education system. Informed by the new world order, Ethiopia has recently adopted a liberal policy stance that encouraged local private investment as well as foreign players though the country is not yet a party to the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS). The general Agreement on Trade and Services obliges member countries to open up their domestic markets to foreign institutions and companies engaged in commercialization of higher education. This short paper shades light on the status of private HE in Ethiopia in view of its promises, pitfalls, and potentials in strengthening the higher education system.


The aetiology of idiopathic preterm labour remains obscure. The hypothesis that a stress response induced by low-grade bacterial infection in utero-placental tissues was investigated. Distribution of cognate and inducible isoforms of heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 kD, HSP 60 kD and HSP 90 kD were investigated in an immunohistochemical study of placental and decidual tissues before and after labour at varying gestations. Subjects were pregnant women undergoing singleton delivery after idiopathic preterm labour at less than 34 weeks' gestation (n = 23); spontaneous term labour at 37-42 weeks' gestation (n =24); preterm caesarean sections at less than 34 weeks' gestation for preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation (n=14); elective caesarean section at 37-42 weeks' gestation for cephalopelvic disproportion (n = 6). HSP expression was constant throughout the third trimester of pregnancy and did not change following the onset of labour, regardless of gestational age. A stress response in decidual tissues as determined by immunohistochemical analysis is apparently not associated with preterm labour.


We classify the global dynamics of a family of Kolmogorov systems depending on three parameters which has ecological meaning as it modelizes a predator–prey system. We obtain all their topologically distinct global phase portraits in the positive quadrant of the Poincaré disc, so we provide all the possible distinct dynamics of these systems.


This paper examines the skills and aptitudes necessary to undertake a strategic management accounting project. It argues that individuals involved in such projects are required to work both smart and hard. This argument is developed theoretically by reference to the work of educational psychologists who have identified two different types of goal orientation which people pursue in achievement situations: the learning orientation and the performance orientation. Evidence that strategic management accounting requires a learning orientation is provided by means of a case study which describes its use in a competitive tendering situation. This is followed by a discussion of the potentially symbiotic relationship of strategic management accounting and organisational learning. The discussion leads to the specification of a research agenda that may have significant implications for the practice and learning of management accounting.


A W-band CMOS medium power amplifier (PA) is presented in this letter. The circuit is implemented in 90 nm mixed signal/radio frequency CMOS process. By utilizing balanced architecture, the PA demonstrated a measured maximum small signal gain of 17 dB with 3 dB bandwidth from 91 to 108 GHz. The saturation output power (P sat) is 12 dBm between 90 and 100 GHz for V ds of each transistor at 1.5 V. To our knowledge, this is the highest frequency CMOS PA to date.


Antigen applied to the skin can induce immune tolerance in naïve mice and can be used as epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) to treat experimental food allergy. In previous unpublished work, we have shown that EPIT induces Tregs, including a population of intestinal-homing LAP+ Tregs that can suppress mast cell activation and anaphylaxis. In this extension of that work, our goal was to determine how dendritic cells (DCs) in the skin contribute to the induction of LAP+ Tregs. Epicutaneous antigen exposure of mice that have received DO11.10 T cells with Viaskin®-OVA patches for 48 h induced OVA-specific LAP+ Tregs to a similar extent in naïve and sensitized mice. Therefore all additional studies were done in naïve mice. FACS sorting of DC subsets from skin-draining lymph nodes of Viaskin®-treated mice and then co-cultured with DO11.10 T cells demonstrated that CD11b+ CD103− dermal DCs and CD11b+EpCAM+ Langerhans cells (LCs) were both capable of antigen capture and presentation to CD4+ T cells, as well as Treg generation. PDL2 was found on both subsets and effectively discriminated between cells with and without antigen capture and presentation capacity. PDL2+ DCs presented a more mature phenotype, with higher expression of MHCII, CD86 and CD80 than PDL2− DCs. PDL2+ LCs and PDL2+ CD11b+ DCs were sorted separately and expression of regulatory molecules (GM-CSF, IL-27, IL-10, TGF-b, ALDH2 and IDO) were assessed by RT-PCR. PDL2+ LCs uniquely expressed IL-27, while PDL2+ CD11b+ DCs were enriched for ALDH2, which was then confirmed by flow cytometry. In vivo depletion of LCs using anti-CSF1 did not influence generation of Tregs in vivo. These results indicate that induction of Tregs through the skin is not restricted to one DC subset.


The series resistance method (SRM) is introduced to obtain an equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric micro resonator. This method uses two series resistances respectively connected to driving electrodes of the resonator, and then detects the voltage amplitudes at the terminals of the series resistances and phase difference between them. Compared with the results of the impedance analyser, the deviations of resonance frequency, motional capacitance (C 1 ), motional inductance (L 1 ) of the SRM are 0.213%, 7.48%, and 7.62%, respectively. The SRM is easy to be realised in the laboratory. To a certain extent, it can replace the impedance analyser to attain the equivalent parameters of the piezoelectric micro resonator.


Electron spin resonance spectra are reported for copper(II)–amino-acid complexes [CuL]n+ and [CuL2]m+(for 12 α-amino-acids) and [Cu(HL)L]+(HL = L-histidine). Buffer solutions of aqueous copper(II) and ligand were prepared to give optimum concentrations of these complexes. Isotropic g and A values are in the ranges 2.144–2.157 and 5.5–6.5 mT respectively for [CuL]n+ and 2.118–2.127 and 6.4–7.1 mT respectively for [CuL2]m+. The high-field absorption for [CuL2]m+ complexes showed nitrogen hyperfine structure, which for 63Cu and solvent D2O could be resolved in the second derivative into two overlapping quintet components characteristic of cis(N, N, O–, O–) and trans(N, O–, N, O–) isomers respectively. Spectra have been fitted to this model by computer simulation. From observed nitrogen hyperfine structure, and by comparison with spectra of other amino-acid complexes and that of bis(histamine)copper(II), it is deduced that the histidinate complex [Cu(HL)L]+ has three nitrogen atoms co-ordinated to copper in the planar co-ordination sites, whereas [CuL2] appears to consist of a mixture of structures having three and four nitrogen atoms bound to the copper.


A repetitive pulsed power modulator, which uses high voltage static induction thyristors as main switching devices, has been designed and constructed for application to discharge light source. The main components of the power modulator are a pulse forming network (PFN) and a semiconductor switch. The PFN consists of 100 ceramic capacitors (2000 pF, 30 kV) connected in parallel. The measured impedance and output pulse width of PFN are 0.75 ohm and 427 ns, respectively. The semiconductor switch is made of 3 high voltage static induction thyristors connected in series, which is able to withstand 10 kV. The significant feature of the static induction thyristor is that it has very low ON-state voltage. This feature is especially suitable for high rep-rate operation of pulsed power modulators, since energy loss by switch can be remarkably reduced.


Chaotic systems without equilibrium are of interest because they are the systems with hidden attractors. A nonequilibrium system with chaos is introduced in this work. Chaotic behavior of the system is verified by phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, and entropy. We have implemented a real electronic circuit of the system and reported experimental results. By using this new chaotic system, we have constructed S-boxes which are applied to propose a novel image encryption algorithm. In the designed encryption algorithm, three S-boxes with strong cryptographic properties are used for the sub-byte operation. Particularly, the S-box for the sub-byte process is selected randomly. In addition, performance analyses of S-boxes and security analyses of the encryption processes have been presented.


ABSTRACT As public libraries continue to evolve, library staff seek to expand their STEM facilitation skills and knowledge. "NASA STEM Workshops" prepared 363 attendees to facilitate space-themed programs. External evaluation found that months later, attendees facilitated more STEM programming, became more confident and aware of STEM resources, and shared these resources with others. The professional development model demonstrated the importance of (1) practical, hands-on experiences to cultivate internal confidence and interest in facilitating STEM activities, and (2) increased attention to external factors (e.g., administrative support, community collaborations, library allowances on physical space and funding), to secure positive impacts of attendees.


This paper presents new methods for the transient and stationary analysis of stochastic Petri nets with exponentially distributed and deterministic firing delays. The method of supplementary variables is used for the derivation of general state equations which describe the temporal behavior of the underlying stochastic process. Numerical algorithms are presented for the solution of the state equations and illustrated by numerical examples. The results of this paper allow an enhanced performance and reliability analysis based on stochastic Petri net models.<<ETX>>


Seed priming has proved to be an effective method in imparting stress tolerance to plants using natural and/or synthetic compounds to treat the seeds before germination. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of priming treatments in seeds of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus caudatus to improve germination under NaCl. Species-specific protocols for seed hydropriming and osmopriming were established by germinating seeds under different water potentials and creating seed imbibition curves. Primed seeds were then germinated under different concentrations of NaCl, and the effect of priming was analysed based on the parameters, such as final germination percentage (FGP), germination index (GI) and mean germination time (MGT). Seed hydropriming and osmopriming caused significant improvements in germination velocity and uniformity, reflected in high FGP, high GI and reduced MGT under salinity. C. quinoa had a higher tolerance to salinity than A. caudatus during seed germination. Improved germination in salinity resulted from osmopriming seeds with solutions of low water potential for A. caudatus, while for C. quinoa, this effect was achieved from hydropriming and osmopriming seeds with solutions of high water potential. Primed tolerance to moderate salinity was achieved for A. caudatus, and for both species, the salinity threshold for germination to occur was slightly broadened.


The National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest and most powerful laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and for studying high-energy-density (HED) science, is now operational at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NIF is now conducting experiments to commission the laser drive, the hohlraum and the capsule and to develop the infrastructure needed to begin the first ignition experiments in FY 2010. Demonstration of ignition and thermonuclear burn in the laboratory is a major NIF goal. NIF will achieve this by concentrating the energy from the 192 beams into a mm3-sized target and igniting a deuterium-tritium mix, liberating more energy than is required to initiate the fusion reaction. NIF's ignition program is a national effort managed via the National Ignition Campaign (NIC). The NIC has two major goals: execution of DT ignition experiments starting in FY2010 with the goal of demonstrating ignition and a reliable, repeatable ignition platform by the conclusion of the NIC at the end of FY2012. The NIC will also develop the infrastructure and the processes required to operate NIF as a national user facility. The achievement of ignition at NIF will demonstrate the scientific feasibility of ICF and focus worldwide attention on laser fusion as a viable energy option. A laser fusion-based energy concept that builds on NIF, known as LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy), is currently under development. LIFE is inherently safe and can provide a global carbon-free energy generation solution in the 21st century. This paper describes recent progress on NIF, NIC, and the LIFE concept.


A camp lipsynched routine by three air stewards distracts unsuspecting passengers from the fact that their plane is to make a crash landing. Performance functions as a diversion from unsavoury realities. In this way, Pedro Almodóvar's 2013 film I'm So Excited adopts a strategy of subversive anti-establishment censor-evading filmmaking practices under Franco. Contemporary cinematic performance in Spain intersects with politics to provide a platform for views and voices that do not conform to the dominant political narrative.
 An essential text for scholars, students and aficionados of Spanish cinema, Subversive Spanish Cinema: The Politics of Performance is the first single-authored monograph to focus on performance in this context. The book analyses interactions between performance and politics in technical and conceptual terms considering, for example, performance styles, the narrative role of performance and political interventions by actors such as Javier Bardem and Juan Diego Botto. Ultimately, Subversive Spanish Cinema: The Politics of Performance posits performance, within the specific context of contemporary Spanish cinema, as a politically-potent device and proposes that it is precisely for this reason that the arts have borne the brunt of aggressive austerity measures enforced by Spain's conservative government in recent years.


The level of work satisfaction among pharmacists in ASHP-accredited residencies was studied. In March 1996 a questionnaire designed to measure residency satisfaction was mailed to 697 individuals in ASHP-accredited pharmacy practice and specialty practice residencies. Subjects responded to 16 statements relating to intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of work satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. Questionnaires were returned by 413 (59%) of the residents. The respondents were predominantly women (76%), and most (86%) had at least a Pharm. D. degree. Hospitals were the primary work setting (88%). Of the 413 residents, 305 were in pharmacy practice residencies and 108 were in specialized residencies. None of the mean scores indicated disagreement (scores < 3) with the positively worded statements or agreement (scores > 3) with the negatively worded statements. The median and mode were equal to 2 (disagree) for the three negatively worded items and 4 (agree) for all but three positively worded items. Only 8% of the residents indicated that they would not accept the residency again if given the chance. Specialized residents tended to rate positively worded statements higher and negatively worded statements lower than pharmacy practice residents. Female residents indicated greater satisfaction than male residents. Pay and benefits were rated slightly better than neutral. Pharmacy residents appeared generally satisfied with their residencies. Specialized pharmacy residents were more satisfied than pharmacy practice residents, and women were more satisfied than men.


With the advances in technology stable fat emulsions containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) became available. Intravenous MCT are readily utilizable energy source because they reach the liver rapidly and their medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are oxidized through carnitine-independent mechanisms. However the MCFA can also be deviated to alternative oxidation pathways which results in urinary excretion of metabolites. The metabolic effects of intravenous MCT containing fat emulsions are discussed and emphasis is given in the possible role of these fats in parenteral nutrition of preterm infants, who are carnitine depleted. Directions of future research are speculated.


This paper proposes the design and implementation of torque control and torque estimation for an electric hand-tool. This hand-tool does not require any torque transducer or any Hall-effect sensor. Only some low-cost resistances are used to measure the stator currents of a brushless DC motor, which is used to drive the hand-tool. Novel 3-phase current commands are proposed here to obtain greater torque than traditional 3-phase, square-wave current commands. The output torque of the hand-tool can be estimated and displayed by an LED display. A PI controller is used to achieve the current-loop control. A digital signal processor, TMS-320-F2808 that was manufactured by Texas Instruments, is used to execute the control and estimation algorithms. Experimental results show the correctness and feasibility of the proposed methods.


Dimas Hadi Prayugo. 2018. Translating Medical Book titled Heart in DISARPUS (Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar). English Diploma Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. This final report is written based on the internship in DISARPUS (Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar). The internship was done from July, 24th 2017 – September, 4th 2017. The objectives of the internship were to translate medical book titled Heart and help the department duties. In order to produce good translation, there are three processes that can be applied in translating article or book. The procedures are analysing, transferring, and restructuring. When doing the internship in DISARPUS, the writer faced some problems during translating medical book such as too long text, many specific terms, and too many repetition words. The writer also presents the solutions to solve the problems such as looking for the unfamiliar words on internet or dictionary, and asking help to supervisor and friends. Furthermore, the writer helped the department duties such as shelving the book, joining library car services, and teaching English for elementary school in English Club.


Fire metaphor itself. The victims in Kuwait and Southern and Northern Iraq were military personnel whereas autoimmune disease generally affects cells and tissues which are not part of the immune system. However, "Collateral Damage", while a more accurate description, would not have made such a racy book title. Friendly Fire is written for the general reader and provides an engaging overview of the breadth of tissues and responses involved while giving an economical overview of the immune system itself. It is peppered with anecdotes relating to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and HIV which are the major interests of the authors and are often entertaining. In this context it is a pity to see controversies within the research community dealt with as if there were unanimity. The authors present rheumatoid arthritis as a prototypical autoimmune disease although they will be aware of a strong current of opinion which refutes the evidence for this. On p 37 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is described as "not a true autoimmune disease" yet it features in a figure on multiple cases of autoimmune diseases in a single family. To continue the military analogy, this seems to be a case of wanting their compo rations and eating them! Despite the fact that AS is strongly associated with HLA-B27 in populations and linked to the allele in affected sibs, there is no evidence for an autoimmune basis. The authors are guilty at times of overstatement, such as suggesting that the finding of abnormalities in T suppressor cell function in otherwise healthy relatives of SLE patients "is further confirmation that there are important genetic components of autoimmune conditions" (p 31 ). Indeed, this book includes the boldest declaration for the suppressor T cell in its purest form which I've seen in a long while. Why should clinically orientated geneticists be interested in a book about autoimmune disease? Apart from the fact that around 5% of us will suffer from at least one autoimmune disease in our lifetime, the majority of these diseases have an inherited component. The development of almost every autoimmune condition is influenced by alleles at loci within the major histocompatibility complex orHLA system. However, we still have no clear understanding of the role of this gene system in the induction of such diseases other than a vague notion of thresholds being exceeded and balances upset. Friendly Fire ends with a chapter on potential therapies. These include several which have probably been mentioned for completeness rather than as serious candidates. However, the general reader will be interested to hear that there is real hope for the future as more immune system targets become identified and are experimentally manipulated. I was grateful to the authors for pointing out that it was Peter Parham who first elaborated the military metaphor. Perhaps he should be the one to arbitrate on whether macrophages represent heavy armour and whether cytokines count as chemical or biological warfare.


Background: The prevalence of obstructive lung diseases in Sweden approximates that in other Westernized countries. Nonetheless, the distribution of users of [Symbicort (Symb)] and [Seretide (Ser)] is different from comparable countries. The study compares clinical data on morbidity in asthma and COPD between users of [Symb] and [Ser] in a representative population sample. Methods: From responders (n 18 087) to a postal questionnaire on asthma, performed in a random population sample (16-75y), a random sample of 2000 was invited to clinical examinations and, in addition, all subjects reporting asthma (n=1524) were invited. Of the 2006 participants, 744 had current asthma and 372 fulfilled the GOLD spirometric criteria for COPD Results: Of the 744 subjects with asthma, 17% used [Symb] while 8% used [Ser]. Uncontrolled asthma according to GINA was present in 20% and 33% respectively (p=0.05). Use of rescue medication ≥3 times per week was 14% and 28%, respectively (p=0.03). Categorized as BDP equipotent doses, 26% of [Symb] users and 6.5% of [Ser] users had ≤500 µg BDP daily, while 3.7% vs. 27.4% had > 600 µg BDP daily (both p Conclusion: In this large well-characterized population sample, subjects with obstructive airway disease who used [Seretide] had more severe disease compared to [Symbicort] users. This suggests that [Symbicort] is considered a first-line treatment for obstructive airway disease in Sweden, while [Seretide] is reserved for more severe disease.


Since the beginning of the 21st century, Turkmenistan's economy has been growing very fast, which has been primarily generated through the extractive sector and construction industry. After the energy price collapse in mid-2014, the country has recorded a shortage of foreign currency. The authoritarian regime passed currency and economic problems onto the society. As a result, the country has experienced the most severe food crisis in its history.
The main aim of the paper is to identify the reasons behind the food crisis in Turkmenistan. The paper tries to answer the following question: how did it happen that people in one of the fastest-growing countries in the 21st century have been suffering from food shortages? The study is based on data retrieved from the World Bank Open Data, ILOSTAT, and Observatory of Economic Complexity, as well as a critical review of independent news websites.
The food crisis in Turkmenistan was primarily caused by hyperinflation and rationing basic groceries at preferential prices, wage arrears, cutting salaries of state employees to fund construction projects in progress, group layoffs of state employees, growing difficulties in running a private business, and depriving people of the possibility to exchange the currency at the official rate. The end of a free provision of Turkmenistan's population with electricity, gas, and drinking water has further deepened the crisis.


Integration of phase-change materials (PCMs) in building envelopes is a way to enhance heat storage capacity of buildings and thereby to rationalize the use of energy for heating and cooling of buildings. This work presents a numerical model of a building envelope with PCMs, verifications of the model according to a normative benchmark and measurements and a tentative case study that exemplifies the effects of such a building envelope on the thermal performance of a whole building. Simulations have been carried out using a modular environment of the International Building Physics Toolbox in Simulink®. As for the effects of PCMs in buildings, it is concluded that they are rather case sensitive; in the tentative case study, the annual savings of total energy for heating and cooling vary between 5% and 21%, depending mainly on the thermal comfort and the placement of PCM in the building envelope.


The authors introduce a contact lens for flash and various pattern ERG's. The main properties are: annular shape, blepharostatic effect, central opening. The electrode is well tolerated and sterilisable.


Supersymmetric gauge theories are an important building block for extensions of the standard model. As a first step towards Super-QCD we investigate the pure gauge sector with gluons and gluinos on the lattice, in particular the low energy mass spectrum: meson-like gluinoballs, gluino-glueballs and pure glueballs. We report on some first calculations performed with clover improved Wilson fermions on rather small lattices. The supersymmetric continuum limit and particle masses are discussed and compared to predictions from effective field theory.


Malus sieversii is the wild progenitor for many cultivars of domesticated apple and an important germplasm resource for breeding. However, this valuable species faces a significant threat in the areas north of the Tianshan Mountains in China, by the invasion of Agrilus mali, a destructive pest of apple trees belonging to the family Buprestidae. Our preliminary study has has shown that there may be resistance to this insect in M. sieversii plants in the field, but the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we compared the response of insect-resistant and insect-susceptible plants of M. sieversii to insect feeding using full-length transcriptome and targeted metabolome. 112,103 non-chimeric full-length reads (FLNC) totaling 10.52 Gb of data were generating with Pacific Biosciences SingleMolecule, Real-Time (PacBio SMRT) sequencing. A total of 130.06 Gb data of long reads were acquired with an Illumina HiSeq. Function annotation indicated that the different expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in signal transduction pathway of plant hormones and in the synthesis of compounds such as terpenes, quinones, flavonoids, and jasmonic acid. Through targeted metabolome analysis resistant strains showed higher levels of trans-cinnamic acid, caffeine and ferulic acid after pest infestation. This study helps to decipher the transcriptional changes and related signaling paths in M. sieversii after an insect feeding, which lays a foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms of insect resistance in apples.


Anai Irrigation Areal layed in Padang Pariaman Perfecture with the Agriculture area 13.604 Ha. Water resources come from Anai River throug Anai Weir in Asampulau about 6 Km from Lubuk Alung. Since Anai Irrigation was operating, the Plan System are Vegetable–Rice–Rice, where are the vegetable are planed is corn, cili, and peanuts. In year 1997 the Electrical Department (PLN) was built-up the Singkarak Hydro Electric Power Project (SHEPP) by using water from Singkarak lake, and the water out flow are flown to Anai River, make the river debit in Anai Weir is increase. To see the Influense we make some simulation of Plan System till we get the debit requirement and compare with desain debit, we got thet the desain debit are bigger than water needed for plan. Through plan system simulation which is developed by improving the plan system intensity become 300 % (Rice–Rice–Rice), we known the plan periode are started on December is the bestBase on Economic Analisys of agriculture production, known that plan system improving can give the added value is about Rp. 94.292.440.000,- per year.


Complementary DNA clones for Armenian hamster female protein (FP) were isolated and the complete nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence were determined and compared with relevant data for the closely related Syrian hamster. Although biosynthesis of preSAP is directed by a 1.0-kb mRNA in both genera and the molecular mass of the primary translation product of FP is identical, the FP gene structure and regulation of expression of FP are different in Syrian and Armenian hamsters. Whereas the direction of alteration in FP mRNA levels is divergent in Syrian hamsters during an acute phase reaction, hepatic FP mRNA levels increase in both male and female Armenian hamsters during inflammation. Regulation of expression of Armenian and Syrian hamster FP genes occurs at a pretranslational level.


One of the important products in Iran and Isfahan province is the pear that its cultivation has been limited by drought stress and global warming in recent years. The use of drought-tolerant rootstocks is one of the available solutions for pear orchards in semi-arid regions. In addition, the lack of dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstocks, which are appropriate and compatible with Iran climatic conditions, limited high density pear orchards. In order to obtain drought tolerant rootstocks, in this research fruit of Pyrus glabra, Pyrus syriaca, and Pyrus salicifolia, along with P. communis cv. Spadona, Dargazi, as well as Khoj n. 1 and n. 2 species were collected from different regions of Iran in August and September of 2016. The seeds were separated from the flesh and dried at room temperature. The seeds were cultivated in uniform and light texture of soil in November in the field condition to break the seed dormancy. Seedlings were irrigated regularly for three months in order to establish in the soil; drought stress began in July. In order to apply drought stress, irrigation time was considered based on 80% of allowed water depletion. Morphological traits of seedlings were recorded before stress and at the end of the stress period (late September). The viability percentage of seedlings after drought stress was between 14.28% (P. communis cv. Dargazi progenies) to 82.55% for P. salicifolia. Comparison of the means and cluster analysis, among populations showed that the three populations of P. salicifola, P. glabra and P. communis cv. Khoj n. 2 had the lowest height and were placed in the same group. After studying single genotypes in these three populations, genotypes no. 31, 32, 41, 57 and 12 from P. salicifolia, genotypes 10, 11, 7, 3 and 9 of P. glabra and genotype 4 of P. communis cv. Khoj n. 2 populations were selected as drought tolerant and dwarf genotypes and were taken to the propagation phase for future evaluation.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and the majority of CVD is caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to myocardial infarction, stroke and lower limb ischemia. Pathological studies have given insight to development of atherosclerosis and the importance of local plaque vulnerability, leading to thrombus formation and cardiovascular events. Due to the burden of cardiovascular disease, identification of patients at risk for cardiovascular events and treatment stratification is needed. The predictive power of classical risk factors is limited, especially in patients with manifest atherosclerosis. Imaging modalities have focused on the characteristics of the vulnerable plaque. However, it has become evident that not all so-called vulnerable plaques lead to rupture and subsequent thrombosis. The latter obviously limits the positive predictive value for imaging assessment of plaques and patients at risk. Serum biomarkers have also been studied extensively, but have very limited application in a clinical setting for risk stratification. In line with the important relation between vulnerable plaques and cardiovascular events, plaque biomarker studies have been initiated. These longitudinal studies are based on the concept, that a vulnerable plaque contains predictive information for future cardiovascular events, also in other territories of the vascular tree. Results look promising and plaque markers can be used to develop imaging modalities to identify patients at risk, or to monitor treatment effect. Plaque biomarker studies do not challenge the definition of the vulnerable plaque, but use its concept in favor of prediction improvement for vascular patients.


This article examines an amusing application of the concept of kinetic energy. Using some rudimentary physical notions, we have analysed the energetics of the motion of Santa Claus. The results, which are quite surprising, can be of interest to high school and early college physics educators when they teach kinetic energy, and energy conservation in general.


Phytoremediation is an environment-friendly and cost-effective method to clean the environment of heavy metal contamination. A prolonged phytotoxicity test was conducted in a single exposure. Scirpus grossus plants were grown in sand to which the diluted Pb(NO3)2 was added, with the variation of concentration were 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/L. It was found that Scirpus grossus plants can tolerate Pb at concentrations of up to 400 mg/L. The withering was observed on day-7 for Pb concentrations of 400 mg/L and above. 100% of the plants withered with a Pb concentration of 600 mg/L on day 65. The Pb concentration in water medium decreased while in plant tissues increased. Adsorption of Pb solution ranged between 2 to 6% for concentrations of 100 to 800 mg/L. The Bioaccumulation Coefficient and Translocation Factor of Scirpus grossus were found greater than 1, indicating that this species is a hyperaccumulator plant.


The effects of several ions on [3H]NBMPR specific binding were characterized in guinea pig cardiac membranes. Binding of [3H]NBMPR was enhanced by Mg2+ Ca2+, Na+ and K+ but inhibited by Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. The effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ were observed in micromolar concentrations while the effects of the other cations were observed between 1 and 300 mM. The anions tested had no significant effect on the binding. Scatchard analyses of the [3H]NBMPR saturation equilibrium data showed that the enhancement by Na+ and Mg2+ was due to an increase in the number of binding sites number with no change in apparent affinity. The inhibition of the binding by Cu2+ and Zn2+ was due to a decrease in both the apparent affinity and the number of binding sites. The regulation by cations imply that [3H]NBMPR binding sites are physiological receptors that may be involved in postreceptor coupling.


rosssekh runs the Rossi-Sekhposyan Forecast Rationality test described in Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2016, (31), pp.507-532. giacross runs the Giacomini-Rossi Forecast Comparison test described in Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2010, (25), pp.595-620.


This article studies a firm that procures a product from a supplier. The quality of each product unit is measured by a continuous variable that follows a normal distribution and is correlated within a batch. The firm conducts an inspection and pays the supplier only if the product batch passes the inspection. The inspection not only serves the purpose of preventing a bad batch from reaching customers but also offers the supplier an incentive to improve product quality. The firm determines the acceptance sampling plan, and the supplier determines the quality effort level in either a simultaneous game or a Stackelberg leadership game, in which both parties share inspection cost and recall loss caused by low product quality. In the simultaneous game, we identify the Nash equilibrium form, provide sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium, and find parameter settings under which the decentralized and centralized supply chains achieve the same outcome. By numerical experiments, we show that the firm's acceptance sampling plan and the supplier's quality effort level are sensitive to both the recall loss sharing ratio and the game format (i.e., the precommitment assumption of the inspection policy). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013


A seven-year-old rabbit was presented with a non-painful mass in the right upper lip. Tissue samples from the mass at three different stages of the disease process were diagnosed sequentially as an osteogenic sarcoma, a fibroblastic tumour with rudimentary osteoid formation and, lastly, a fibrosarcoma. No bone involvement or metastatic disease was found. The final diagnosis was of an extraskeletal fibroblastic osteosarcoma, which is, to the authors' knowledge, the first reported such case in a domestic rabbit. Without the first two tissue samples, an incorrect diagnosis would have been reached; therefore, this disease may be underrepresented in the literature.


In this paper, design of a low cost autonomous vehicle based on embedded system for navigation and obstacle detection in unknown environments is presented. The vehicle is equipped with one ultrasonic and three IR sensors for hurdle distance measurement and obstacle detection, a LCD for display frequent information, a GPS receiver for global position information, a GSM modem for changing destination place on run time; all interfaced to a low cost P89V51RD2 microcontroller and a mobile phone to send and get information by the user. The microcontroller processes the information acquired from the sensors and generates vehicle motion commands accordingly. The vehicle is tested with varying Destination places in outdoor environments containing stationary as well as obstacles and is found to reach the set targets successfully. KeywordsAutonomous vehicle; Ultrasonic sensor; IR sensors; GPS receiver; GSM modem; LCD; Mobile phone.


Anxiety, tension, anguish... These are words, but first of all, states of the self. Accepted since the dawn of time by human distress and by the effort to understand them, they were taken back in hand by Psychopathology, established as a little dark concepts, and as such have become today so sovereign in the most ordinary way that their "reality" seems to be obvious. This recent acknowledgement is however the result of a history. To attempt to restore the original bases enables to find in it the old and well-thought-out acknowledgement in a common nature, the unknown factors of which were considered for a long time with familiarity and distance by common people as well as by doctors. This unconventional look, that we suggest to have here over a long period of time, allows us to restore, in the outermost bounds of Psychosomatics, all the ambiguities of a present notion which was at first physiological before appearing in psychiatric Nosology. It also means to take a certain distance from the medicalization of affects which, whatever we think, naturally come from our mortal condition.


This paper describes the design of a 1024-core processor chip in 16nm FinFet technology. The chip ("Epiphany-V") contains an array of 1024 64-bit RISC processors, 64MB of on-chip SRAM, three 136-bit wide mesh Networks-On-Chip, and 1024 programmable IO pins. The chip has taped out and is being manufactured by TSMC.
This research was developed with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.


The percentage of the population in the United States comprised of older adults (65+), sometimes referred to as Baby Boomers (birth year 1946 – 1964) and the Silent Generation (birth year 1925 – 1945), is steadily on the rise. This population is often overlooked and has a unique subset of issues when it comes to counseling competencies. Layered multicultural competencies affecting these individuals include race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and ageism. Counseling concerns related to age include but are not limited to loss of autonomy, loss of physical ability, loss of loved ones, and changing definition of self. From an existential therapeutic background blended with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions, the author reviews the case study of Lucille with a focus on therapeutic intervention and Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCCs).


Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive variant of endometrial cancer that has not been well characterized. It accounts for less than 10% of all endometrial cancers and 80% of endometrial cancer–related deaths. Currently, staging surgery together with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, especially vaginal cuff brachytherapy, is the main treatment strategy for USC. Whole-exome sequencing combined with preclinical and clinical studies are verifying a series of effective and clinically accessible inhibitors targeting frequently altered genes, such as HER2 and PI3K3CA, in varying USC patient populations. Some progress has also been made in the immunotherapy field. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has been found to be activated in many USC patients, and clinical trials of PD-1 inhibitors in USC are underway. This review updates the progress of research regarding the molecular pathogenesis and putative clinical management of USC.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Survivin, belonging to the family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins (IAP), is overexpressed in a broad variety of different tumor entities. Besides its role and function in apoptosis, Survivin forms in mitosis with its partners Borealin, inner centromere protein (INCENP) and the enzymatically active member Aurora B kinase the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). The main function of this complex is sensing and correcting non-bipolar microtubule-kinetochore interaction, regulating chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Some evidence points to a role of Survivin in connecting mitosis with control of cell cycle arrest. In this study, we assessed the role of Survivin in ensuring chromosomal stability and DNA integrity in HCT116, MCF-7, U87-MG and corresponding isogenic p53-deficient cells.

Knock down of Survivin, using retroviral short-hairpin RNAs, caused in all tested cell lines a heavily impaired cytokinesis resulting in polyploidy and poly-merotelic kinetochore spindle assemblies, irrespective of the p53 status. Surprisingly, cells with wild type p53 showed after Survivin RNAi an activation of p53 and accumulation of p21waf/cip and Cyclin D1, indicating G1 arrest. A detailed Flow Cytometry analysis revealed a correlation between the increased p21waf/cip expression and increasing DNA content in Survivin-depleted wild type cells compared to p53-deficient cells. Conversely, BrdU incorporation in wild type cells decreased with DNA content compared to p53-deficient cells with knock down of Survivin. Nonetheless, polyploid wild type cells even with a DNA content larger 4n were still able to incorporate BrdU, indicating transient G1 arrest after Survivin knock down. Furthermore, Survivin RNAi led in all tested cell lines to an induction of DNA lesions and caused a DNA damage response. SKY-analysis revealed numerical aberrations and a significant higher frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations indicative for DNA double strand break repair, only in Survivin-depleted cells.

In conclusion, our results highlight the important role of Survivin as a chromosomal passenger protein which in concert with its molecular partners Aurora B, INCENP, and Borealin, controls chromosomal segregation by regulating bipolar spindle attachment and cytokinesis and protects cells from polyploidy and chromosomal instability.

Citation Format: Ralf Wiedemuth, Barbara Klink, Evelin Schroeck, Gabriele Schackert, Achim Temme. Survivin safeguards chromosome numbers and protects from aneuploidy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5089. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5089


The methods for optimising the efficiency of low-threshold flashlamp-pumped passively Q-switched erbium glass lasers are studied. The optimisation is performed by varying the degree of filling an active element by the field of a lowest transverse mode.


The working principle of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is introduced. Three kinds of PLC programming method, logic based method, function based method and Petri Net based method are emphasized. The example is also given. It also points out that function based PLC programming method is a practical engineering method.


GIS research has a continuing thread devoted to classifying the operations performed by analytical software. Prior efforts to classify GIS operations have limitations and inconsistencies, often arising from an attempt to establish overly direct links between geographic procedures and arithmetical operations. The transformational view of cartography provides a more solid basis for classifying GIS operations. This paper presents a new scheme for geographical transformations based on measurement frameworks as the principal distinction. Transformations between measurement frameworks can be summarized in terms of a spatial neighbourhood and a rule to process attribute information. This scheme organizes most analytical GIS operations by their geometric and attribute assumptions.


To the Editor:— May I comment on the query on page 358 of THE JOURNAL, January 31, "Asphyxia of the Newborn?" Predelivery oxygen administered to the mother is probably only effective if administered for fifteen to thirty minutes prior, to delivery and discontinued as the presenting part passes the perineum. Observation indicates that uterine contraction which diminishes the area of placentation decidedly reduces the interchange of blood gasses. Such change in the size of placentation naturally results when there is decrease in the contents of the uterine cavity. I agree that respiratory movements precede delivery. Unpublished studies in 1931 and 1932 indicated that the oxygen content of fetal cord venous blood at the instant of delivery average from 1.5 to 2.4 mg., per hundred cubic centimeters, and in a occasional case the oxygen content was even lower. The carbon dioxide content was 15 to 18 mg. Therefore predelivery oxygen to


In the decade since the conception of forest certification, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification has emerged as the most globally recognized scheme. However, the area of FSC certified forests in the highly forested, developing countries of the tropics has remained relatively small. In this paper, direct and indirect barriers to achieving certification in highly forested (>10 million ha) tropical nations are identified. Direct barriers are defined to be those that alone can stop the establishment of forest certification in a country, whereas indirect barriers negatively impact forest certification. Criteria and indicators for these barriers are developed and used as a tool in determining the presence or absence of each barrier. The analysis indicates that the most significant direct barriers are a lack of land and/or tenure rights; ineffective legislation or policies; poor governance; a weak institutional environment; the high cost of certification; and an inability to sell certified forest products. Indirect barriers, such as international influence; political will; consumer buy-in; FSC's mandate and forest management standards, and forest operation size, have hindered certification of forests in the studied countries.


The cancer stem cell vascular niche is a physical and biological unit composed of a conglomerate of innate cancer stem cells and progenitor cells that are recruited into this dynamic and highly complex milieu. Collectively they modify the extracellular matrix and form a permissible microenvironment to facilitate the renewal, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of the cancer stem cells, and those of the auxiliary cells. The angioarchitecture within the tumor is grossly abnormal as these vessels are of varying caliber and arborization. These abnormal tumor vessels can be generated from endothelial progenitor, hematopoietic, monocytic and mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow (BM). Recent studies have observed that tumor endothelium is also derived from cancer stem cells transforming our understanding of the intimate relationship between cancer stem cells and vascular niche. Given these observations, it is conceivable that mutation at the level of vasculature may translate to an abnormal vascular niche discharging unregulated stem cell signals and thus propel aberrant cancer stem cells to achieve their lethal malignant potential. In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular components of stem cell vascular niche with a special emphasis on brain tumors.


P53 is one of the most potent tumor suppressors in humans; almost 50% of tumors harbor inactivating or gain of function mutations and the remainder often employ non-genetic means to disarm this critical molecule. A key mechanism of p53 control is through the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, which functions to inhibit p53 tumor suppressive activity by inhibiting its transcriptional activity and by facilitating its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation. A number of eloquent studies have highlighted the centrality of MDM2 in p53 regulation, whereby a host of molecules that indirectly affect p53 converge on the MDM2-p53 regulation loop. Several recent studies have uncovered novel mechanisms of p53 regulation that are not reliant on MDM2. In our recent study, we describe an MDM2-independent mechanism of p53 regulation mediated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor, Six1. During development, Six1 is widely expressed and plays an important role in proliferation and survival of progenitor cell populations. Six1 expression is low or undetectable in most differentiated tissues, yet numerous studies have demonstrated elevated expression in tumors of multiple origins, where it is linked to metastatic disease. Its pro-oncogenic functions include regulation of proliferation, survival, stem/progenitor cell functions, and in carcinomas, epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT), therefore closely mimicking its developmental roles. We uncovered a unique link between Six1 and p53. Overexpression of Six1 in numerous normal and cancerous contexts causes a decrease in p53 protein expression and conversely, knockdown of Six1 increases p53 protein levels. Importantly, MDM2 is dispensable for Six1-mediated downregulation of p53, as neither knockdown of MDM2 with targeted siRNA nor MDM2-targeting small molecules can reverse the ability of Six1 to decrease p53 protein expression. Intriguingly, Six1 regulates p53 through a novel mechanism that requires simultaneous inhibition of the ribosomal binding protein, RPL26, and upregulation of the microRNA, miR-27a. Kastan and colleagues previously identified a unique mechanism of regulation of p53 translation, involving the binding of RPL26 to a double stranded RNA that forms between the p53 30 and 50 UTRs, which results in increased p53 translation. We demonstrate that this mechanism of p53 regulation is even more complex than originally anticipated; the RPL26 binding site in the p53 30UTR is in close proximity to a microRNA binding site for miR-27a. Thus, for the miR to target and inhibit p53 translation, RPL26 levels must be low. Intriguingly, Six1 simultaneously upregulates miR-27a and downregulates RPL26, thus increasing miR-27a binding and effectively decreasing p53 protein translation. These findings have clinical relevance: Because the mechanism of Six1-mediated p53 regulation is independent of MDM2, Six1 overexpression causes marked resistance to MDM2 targeted therapies that are currently in clinical trials. Thus, combination therapies with MDM2-targeted drugs and Six1-targeted drugs (if developed) may be more efficacious in the clinic than either alone (Fig. 1). While our study is one of the first to experimentally demonstrate that an MDM2-independent mechanism of p53 regulation leads to marked resistance to MDM2-targeted therapies, there are a small, but increasing number of other novel p53 regulators recently discovered that mediate their effects independently of MDM2. Notably, several microRNAs and ribosomal proteins are known to bind to the p53 UTRs, all presumably controlling p53 translation. The results of our recent study would suggest that these molecules, and potentially many more yet to be discovered, will cause resistance to MDM2 targeted therapies, underscoring the need to identify biomarkers to stratify patients into therapeutically appropriate groups, as well as to develop therapies that may be used in combination with MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitors to re-sensitize the tumors to such drugs. Given that a key embryonic transcription factor, Six1, represses p53 levels, it is of interest to speculate as to the developmental function of this regulation. Six1 may regulate p53 to control cellular plasticity, thus maintaining or modulating stem/progenitor cell like activities. Six1 expression results in decreased differentiation and an increase and/or maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations in multiple tissue types. Indeed, overexpression of a pool of 8 genes including Six1, Six2, and the Six1 co-activator, Eya1, reprograms adult cells to embryonic nephron progenitors. In contrast, increased p53 has been strongly linked to a differentiated state. Elegant studies with induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have shown p53 to be a critical barrier for reprogramming. Additionally, loss of


Various A/D and D/A conversions architectures, as evolved for communication oriented and computer related instrumentation, are described, and their relative advantages and disadvantages reviewed. Important parameters of performance are defined, and a number of critical factors involved in the design of A/D converters are considered. Emphasis is placed on the need for realistic "error budgets" and a recognition of the uncertainties and harsh realities of the environment in place. A number of A/D and D/A converter applications are reviewed to illustrate the diversity of requirements to be met by conversion system designers.


A facile transformation of amino acids into substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP) is reported. The natural amino acids were converted into gamma-amino beta-keto esters and used for the synthesis of substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines from the Hantzsch reaction. Using amino acids as starting materials, a variety of dihydropyridine derivatives have been synthesized and isolated in good yields. This method is found to be efficient and compatible with various amino acid side-chains and amine protecting groups. Results reported here suggested that amino acids can be used to synthesize highly versatile heterocyclic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, without using any catalyst.


Our study examines global patterns of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in 2020 and predicts the future incidence and mortality burden in 2040 using IARC's GLOBOCAN estimates of the number of new cases and deaths of HL in 185 countries. A total of 83 000 new cases of HL and 23 000 deaths from HL were estimated in 2020. In general, incidence and mortality rates were consistently higher in males (50% more cases and deaths than females) across world regions and countries. Incidence rates varied markedly by world region, at least 10‐fold in both sexes, with the highest incidence rates observed in Southern Europe. Mortality exhibited an inverse pattern compared to incidence, with rates elevated in Western Asia and Northern Africa. The number of HL incident cases is predicted to rise to around 107 000 cases (a 30% increase) by 2040 due to demographic changes, assuming global rates in 2020 remains unchanged. The findings provide a baseline and impetus for developing strategies that aim to reduce the burden of HL in future decades.


The discovery of high-frequency histone H3 missense mutations ('oncohistones') in pediatric gliomas was the first time that histone mutations were linked to any disease. Since the original discovery, monoallelic missense mutations in genes encoding histone H3 have been found in a variety of cancer types. Previous studies have led to mechanistic insights into how one class of oncohistones promotes tumorigenesis by demonstrating that lysine-to-methionine (K-to-M) substitutions transform histones from serving as substrates into specific and potent inhibitors of lysine methyltransferases. Approximately 84% of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and 60% of high-grade non-brainstem pediatric midline gliomas contain a lysine 27-methionine (K27M) mutation. DIPG and other midline tumors have extremely low H3K27me3 levels caused by the action of the H3 K27M oncohistone. The H3 K27M protein binds to and inhibits the catalytic subunit (EZH2) of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), a conserved protein complex involved in gene silencing. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for development and are frequently misregulated in human cancers. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1, PRC2) function in a collaborative epigenetic cross-talk with H3K27me3 to initiate and maintain transcriptional silencing. Posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymomas also exhibit very low H3K27 methylation but lack the K27M oncohistone. Instead, PFA tumors express high levels of KIP75 (K27M-like inhibitor of PRC2, 75kDa, also termed CXORF67 ). We find that a highly conserved sequence within the C-terminus of KIP75 is necessary and sufficient to inhibit the catalytic activity of PRC2 in vitro and in vivo . Our biochemical experiments indicate that KIP75 directly interacts with the active site of the EZH2 subunit in a mechanism that is remarkably similar to the K27M oncohistone. Furthermore, expression of H3 K27M or KIP75 promote similar chromatin landscapes and gene expression profiles in cell culture. Our data indicate that PFA ependymoma and DIPG tumors are driven in part by the action of peptidyl PRC2 inhibitors that dysregulate gene silencing to promote tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Peter W. Lewis. Aberrant polycomb repression in midline and hindbrain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY44-02.


. The recent flurry of sketch vectorization, simplification, and cleanup algorithms could be used to bridge this gap. However, they differ wildly in the assumptions they make on the input and output sketches. We present the first benchmark to evaluate and focus sketch cleanup research. Our dataset consists of 281 sketches obtained in the wild and a curated subset of 101 sketches. For this curated subset along with 40 sketches from previous work, we commissioned manual vectorizations and multiple ground truth cleaned versions by professional artists. The sketches span artistic and technical categories and were created by a variety of artists with different styles. Most sketches


Asteroid families are cosmic puzzles that help us understand the true nature of their original parent body. Ordinary chondrites are the most common types of meteorites that arrive to Earth and are composed of three subtypes: H, L and LL chondrites. The Gefion Asteroid Family (GAF) has been proposed to be the source asteroids for the L chondrites. In this work we present the results of a spectroscopic campaign of six dynamically defined members of the GAF to test the hypothesis if L chondrites come from this family. Our compositional analysis of these six asteroids shows a range of meteorite analogs from L- to LL chondrites. Combining these results with our previous work, we note that GAF asteroids span the entire ordinary chondrite range of H- L- and LL. The observed compositional heterogeneity in the GAF is likely due to largest members of the GAF consisting of interlopers. A more detailed spectroscopic survey of a large subset of asteroids in the GAF region is needed to further isolate true family members.