Abstract It is crucial to optimize global mental health research to address the high burden of mental health challenges and mental illness for individuals and societies. Data sharing and reuse have demonstrated value for advancing science and accelerating knowledge development. The FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) Guiding Principles for scientific data provide a framework to improve the transparency, efficiency, and impact of research. In this review, we describe ethical and equity considerations in data sharing and reuse, delineate the FAIR principles as they apply to mental health research, and consider the current state of FAIR data practices in global mental health research, identifying challenges and opportunities. We describe noteworthy examples of collaborative efforts, often across disciplinary and national boundaries, to improve Findability and Accessibility of global mental health data, as well as efforts to create integrated data resources and tools that improve Interoperability and Reusability. Based on this review, we suggest a vision for the future of FAIR global mental health research and suggest practical steps for researchers with regard to study planning, data preservation and indexing, machine-actionable metadata, data reuse to advance science and improve equity, metrics and recognition.


Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as potent antitumor drugs that provide increased efficacy, specificity, and tolerability over chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. ADCs generated by targeting cysteines and lysines on the antibody have shown efficacy, but these products are heterogeneous, and instability may limit their dosing. Here, a novel technology is described that enables site-specific conjugation of toxins to antibodies using chemistry to produce homogeneous, potent, and highly stable conjugates. We have developed a cell-based mammalian expression system capable of site-specific integration of a non-natural amino acid containing an azide moiety. The azide group enables click cycloaddition chemistry that generates a stable heterocyclic triazole linkage. Antibodies to Her2/neu were expressed to contain N6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine at four different positions. Each site allowed over 95% conjugation efficacy with the toxins auristatin F or a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer to generate ADCs with a drug to antibody ratio of >1.9. The ADCs were potent and specific in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. An anti Her2/neu conjugate demonstrated stability in vivo and a PBD containing ADC showed potent efficacy in a mouse tumor xenograph model. This technology was extended to generate fully functional ADCs with four toxins per antibody. The high stability of the azide-alkyne linkage, combined with the site-specific nature of the expression system, provides a means for the generation of ADCs with optimized pharmacokinetic, biological, and biophysical properties.


Objective: To investigate the relationship of overnutrition (obese and overweight) with severity of illness in children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), frequency of viral coinfections and leptin levels. Methods: We studied 124 children <2 years old that were hospitalized for ALRI. Nutritional status was calculated by z-scores according to weight-for-age z-scores, length or height-for-age z-scores, and weight-for-height z-scores. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were obtained and viral respiratory pathogens were identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) load was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. NPA and plasma leptin level were measured. Clinical data and nutritional status were recorded, and patients were followed up until hospital discharge. Viral coinfection was defined as the presence of two or more viruses detected in the same respiratory sample. Severity of illness was determined by length of hospitalization and duration of oxygen therapy. Results: Children with overnutrition showed a greater frequency of viral coinfection than those with normal weight (71% obese vs. 37% normal weight p = 0.013; 68% overweight vs. 37% normal weight p = 0.004). A lower RSV load was found in obese (5.91 log10 copies/mL) and overweight children (6.49 log10 copies/mL) compared to normal weight children (8.06 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.021 in both cases). In multivariate analysis, obese, and overweight infants <6 months old were associated with longer hospital stays (RR = 1.68; CI: 1.30–2.15 and obese: RR = 1.68; CI: 1.01–2.71, respectively) as well as a greater duration of oxygen therapy (RR = 1.80; IC: 1.41–2.29 and obese: RR = 1.91; CI: 1.15–3.15, respectively). Obese children <6 months showed higher plasma leptin level than normal weight children (7.58 vs. 5.12 ng/μl; p <0.046). Conclusions: In infants younger than 6 months, overnutrition condition was related to increased severity of infections and high plasma leptin level. Also, children with overnutrition showed a greater frequency of viral coinfection and low RSV viral load compared to normal weights children. These findings further contribute to the already existent evidence supporting the importance of overnutrition prevention in pediatric populations.


In this paper we study the Peskin problem in 2D, which describes the dynamics of a 1D closed elastic structure immersed in a steady Stokes flow. We prove the local well-posedness for arbitrary initial configuration in $(C^2)^{\dot B^1_{\infty,\infty}}$ satisfying the well-stretched condition, and the global well-posedness when the initial configuration is sufficiently close to an equilibrium in $\dot B^1_{\infty,\infty}$. Here $(C^2)^{\dot B^1_{\infty,\infty}}$ is the closure of $C^2$ in the Besov space $\dot B^1_{\infty,\infty}$. The global-in-time solution will converge to an equilibrium exponentially as $t\rightarrow+\infty$. This is the first well-posedness result for the Peskin problem with non-Lipschitz initial data.


Abstract This article discusses an integrated concept of sustainable building and of Building Information Modelling (BIM) by means of implementation of the Green BIM management method. Apart from presenting this innovative project management method with particular attention paid to solutions applied by Scandinavian enterprises, the article aims at analysing institutional conditions regarding application of the Green BIM within Polish construction companies. Arguments presented in the article are based on results of a scientific review and industry specific publications. Moreover, the article discusses case studies of projects completed with the implementation of the Green BlM method.


CYP2D6*84 was first described in a Black South African subject, however, its function remains unknown. Astrolabe, a probabilistic scoring tool developed in our laboratory to call genotypes from whole genome sequence, identified CYP2D6*84 in a trio. The father presented with intermediate metabolism when challenged with the CYP2D6 probe drug dextromethorphan (DM/dextrorphan [DX] = 0.0839). Since his second allele, CYP2D6*12, is nonfunctional, the observed activity is derived by CYP2D6*84. This finding suggests that the allele's hallmark P267H causes decreased activity toward DM and that this allele should receive a value of 0.5 for Activity Score calculations. The mother's DM/DX of 0.0543 was consistent with the decreased activity classification of CYP2D6*29. The child, a critically ill neonate, was not phenotyped, but predicted to be a normal metabolizer.


Previous experimental and computational work has demonstrated that the geometry of the impeller has a significant effect on the mixing performance of continuous powder mixers. In particular, different blade patterns using either all blades pushing the powder forward ('forward pattern') are less effective than patterns where some of the blades push the powder backwards ('alternate pattern'). In this article, we use Discrete Element Method to investigate this issue, as well as to examine whether batch mixers can be used to estimate the cross-sectional mixing rate of continuous mixing process. Mixing and flow of particles are examined in simple geometries consisting of a cylindrical cross-section agitated by impellers. In these geometries, blades are designed 'forward' and 'alternate' to study different blade patterns. Periodic boundary conditions are used to approximate an idealised cross-section of a continuous mixer. In addition, to examine whether an experimentally realisable batch system could be used to validate these cross-sectional simulations, we examine mixing in geometries with solid end walls. Performance in these elemental systems is compared qualitatively in terms of radially averaged velocity vectors, and quantitatively in terms of the mixing rate and the fill level profile. Results show that end walls and symmetric blade pairs of the 'alternate' blade patterns lead to faster mixing. Non-symmetric elemental systems display both increased fill level uniformity and similar mixing performance for both blade patterns. Results demonstrate the need for caution when attempting to use batch mixing information to estimate the cross-sectional mixing rate of continuous powder mixers.


Introduction Skin that is exposed to chronic UV presents a distinct pattern of structural degradation compared to age-matched, sun-protected skin. The morphological change underpinning chronic UV cutaneous damage is collagen degradation of the dermis. Molecularly, UV-aged skin accumulates primarily UV-driven mutations, in contrast to UV-protected skin where mutations are rare. The enrichment of mutations in non-neoplastic, aged cells is a defining feature of skin ageing. Melanoma increases with age, and most patients who die are older than 55. Age is the most important independent marker of adverse outcome together with tumor thickness. Old patients commonly present melanoma over chronic UV-damaged skin with a high number of mutations, and some studies suggest these may be linked to better outcome. Here we explore the relationship between tumor mutation burden, stromal DNA damage and outcome of elderly primary melanoma patients. Results We examined the types of mutations contributing to the somatic mutation load in melanoma. We inferred the signature linked to accumulated UV DNA damage (signature 7 from COSMIC), as well as the intrinsic, proliferation and age-related signature (signature 1). Logistic regression models of signature 1 and 7 demonstrate both correlate with age, and elderly patients are at higher risk of death in this cohort. These data are in contrast to studies suggesting melanomas arising at sites of chronic sun exposure (CSE) have an improved survival, and studies showing higher mutation rates in melanoma are linked to better outcome. To test this, we generated isogenic melanoma cell lines with high versus low UV-mutation burden, and found CSE melanoma cells were more proliferative, invasive and migratory. We next investigated if a higher rate of UV damage to dermal fibroblasts affects outcome by generating isogenic CSE and noCSE dermal fibroblast lines and found melanoma cells exposed to noCSE fibroblasts were more invasive than melanoma cells exposed to CSE fibroblasts. We validated this in human dermal fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts from protected sites presented few mutations and promoted melanoma invasion, whereas fibroblasts from chronic UV skin had more mutations and did not drive melanoma invasion. Furthermore, CSE fibroblasts with many mutations present a distinct expression and metabolic profile linked to the sunburn response genes that blocks melanoma invasion. We validated our findings in 490 specimens of elderly primary cutaneous melanoma patients. Multivariate analysis shows the presence of degraded collagen, a surrogate marker of UV damage, is an independent marker of better outcome in the elderly population. Discussion Our study shows UV-driven damage in aged dermal fibroblasts protects from primary melanoma invasion and humans with extensive dermal UV damage present an improved outcome. Our finding that excessive UV can improve outcome of patients with melanoma is a paradigm shift. Citation Format: Eduardo Nagore, Katharina Roeck, Timothy Budden, Stephen P. Smith, Sarah Craig, Jean Krutmann, Martin Lotz, Simon Furney, Amaya Viros. Chronic UV damage of the stroma improves melanoma survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2022.


Taking a look at the performance of Iranian universities and research centres, one might notice that despite their Research and Development (R&D) capacities, most have fallen short in research commercialization, leaving them dependent on government funding. Hence, certain mechanisms should be designed for facilitating successful research commercialization in Iran, beginning with the identification of its drivers. Existing commercialization models for developed countries are not necessarily applicable to a developing country such as Iran, which imports technologies and has little in the way of private sector investment in R&D. As a result, the current study seeks to extract research commercialization drivers from the perspective of Iranian researchers and develop a model based on institutional and local contexts specific to Iran. The study used an interpretive-qualitative approach based on three stages: documentary research, interviews and grounded theory. First, an extensive review of the existing literature was conducted to identify the research commercialization drivers noted in previous studies. From there, a theoretical saturation index was used and a total of 30 researchers who were familiar with the concepts of commercialization were selected and interviewed through a purposive sampling procedure. The list of drivers compiled from the extant literature was then supplemented with their comments. In the third stage, grounded theory was used to analyze the drivers and develop the conceptual model. The results of the study revealed that the most important drivers of research commercialization in Iran are designing managerial mechanisms; creating strategic alliances; modifying the educational system; improving the research structure; modifying contextual factors; creating supportive infrastructure; and strengthening researchers' positive characteristics.


In this paper we outline a human-centered multilayered multiagent distributed soft computing architecture for providing support to practitioners and problem solvers at four levels, namely, clerical, tool, optimization and task level, respectively. We describe the emergent characteristics of the architecture from a architectural, management and domain perspective. We illustrate the application of these four levels with the help of two image processing applications namely, face detection and annotation, and unstained mammalian cell classification.


Objective: To verify the association between elevated blood pressure and related risks factors on adolescents of high economic level. Methods: The sample included 233 schoolchildren (113 boys and 120 girls) on the fifth to the eighth grades of pri - vate elementary schools from Londrina, Parana, Brazil. The subjects' economic level and food intake were evaluated by a questionnaire. The body mass was assessed with a Plenna dig- ital scale; the height was measured with a wooden stadiometer (precision: 0.1cm); and the blood pressure, with an oscillom- etric device. Association between elevated blood pressure and different risk factors were evaluated by the t-test, chi-square test and by Poisson's regression with robust variance. Results: Elevated blood pressure was present in 12.4% of the students and it was associated with gender and nutri- tional status. Poisson's regression adjusted model suggested that only nutritional status was independently associated with elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: A high rate of elevated blood pressure was found in adolescents from high economic level, and over- weight was associated with this condition.


With the rapid proliferation of digital video applications, the question of video quality control becomes central. We present a novel multi-scale framework for video quality assessment that models motion in video sequences and is capable of capturing spatio-temporal artifacts in digital video. Performance evaluation of the proposed metric on the VQEG database shows that the system is competitive with and even performs better than existing methods.


Different directions characterize the advances being made in thermal spraying today. On the one hand, spray processes are becoming colder, on the other hand, high-performance systems are being designed which enable a higher powder throughput, thus making production faster and more efficient. The current spectrum of substrate materials is much broader and even more versatile, as can be seen with new materials which prevent thermal stresses from arising during the production process. More and more applications require the use of special cooling methods to increase the cooling efficiency and, in turn, optimize the process. An ongoing objective of the gas industry is to offer the user hardware which not only exploits all the advantages of CO2, for example, but which is also suited to new applications. The Need for Cooling


A 43-year-old man with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was admitted to our hospital with aggravated exertional dyspnea and successfully treated with robotic transmitral septal myectomy. Minimally invasive transmitral septal myectomy may be a feasible surgical option for the treatment of HOCM in selected cases as an alternative to transaortic myectomy.


A new pulse position modulation code division multiple access (PPM-CDMA) system is proposed for an indoor optical wireless channel. As a signature sequence for CDMA an optical orthogonal code (OOC) is used. To reduce multiple access interference two interference cancellation schemes are employed: decorrelating detection and successive interference cancellation (SIC). The bit error rate of the proposed system is calculated for a conventional receiver, a decorrelating receiver, and a receiver with SIC. It is shown that PPM-CDMA systems with both decorrelating detection and SIC achieve significant SNR improvement over the system with a conventional receiver.


This paper examines the usage of third party logistics services in China. Foci was made on four constructs that we believe are the primary determinants of the future usage of third party logistics service. These constructs are: extent of use of the third party logistics services in the manufacturing and the trading enterprises; decision making process for choosing a contract logistics services provider; impact on the usage of contract logistics services on the organization; and different types of demands in different industries. An empirical research was carried out to study the impact of these four factors on the future usage of third party logistics services. Results based on the analysis of data relating to 156 firms in China indicate that the extent of use of the third party logistics services between manufacturing enterprises and trading enterprises differ greatly. Most of these users are satisfied with the services providers and have largely seen positive developments within the organization. With a high current level of satisfaction, most firms surveyed indicated a moderate to substantial increase in usage of their services


The paper investigates whether incorporating regional hydrological characteristics in empirical statistical landslide threshold models has potential to improve the quality of landslide predictions towards reliable early warning systems or not. In particular, based on field data and landslide intentory in the NorthWestern part of Rwanda, the Authors use a data driven time series approach to model the regional groundwater levels and investigate the predictive power of single variable and bilinear threshold landslide prediction models derived from both groundwater levels and precipitation.


A multi-center cooperative clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly taxol (TXL) therapy combined with short-premedication as a pretreatment in an effort to determine if TXL can be used in ambulatory treatment. TXL was administered at 60 mg/m2 to patients with advanced recurrent breast cancer once a week without a rest or with a rest for 1 week after treatment for 3 weeks. A total of 36 patients were finally enrolled. The site of recurrence was the local region in 8 patients, lung/pleura in 24, liver in 9, bone in 16, lymph nodes in 15, epicardium in 2, and brain metastasis in 2. The response was CR in 2, PR in 12, NC in 9, PD in 8, and NE in 5, with a response rate of 45.2%. Grade 4 anorexia was reported as non-hematotoxicity. All other adverse reactions, such as myalgia/arthralgia and peripheral neuropathy, were mild (grade 1 or 2). Hematotoxic effects observed in this study included only grade 3 leukopenia in 5 patients, neutropenia in 4, and decreases in hemoglobin in 1.


High-current nanosecond discharges through metal wires and insulator fibres were investigated in the NIKE-3 (100 kA, 50 ns) and BIN (250 kA, 100 ns) facilities. Glass fibres were used as an example in a study of the dependence of the discharge conditions on the linear density μ of the load. An increase in μ altered the nature of the discharge through the diode from a mismatched regime accompanied by generation of an electron beam (μ < 4 μg cm-1) to the formation of 'hot spots' (μ = 8–20 μg cm-1) and then to a regime of a luminous skin layer ( μ > 30 μg cm-1). A strong influence of the state of the surface on the nature of an explosion of a metal wire was observed. The experimental results obtained at the beginning of wire explosions were accounted for by a model of the metal—plasma transition. The plasma motion and the development of instabilities of a plasma filament during a discharge were investigated by optical methods. Some of the experiments indicated simultaneous development of helical and 'sausage' instabilities. A two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic model was employed in calculations dealing with the process of formation of a constriction (pinching) and the results were in good agreement with the observations.


Summary Introduction. Meningiomas are common primary tumors of brain meninges. These neoplasms develop from arachnoid cap cells and are multiple in 1 – 10% cases. Occasionally, significantly higher multiplicity rates have been reported, at least partially due to the increased application of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostics of intracranial pathologies. Meningiomas generally express progesterone receptors, but only few studies have focused on sex hormone receptor differences between solitary and multiple meningiomas. Similarly, there is limited information on cell proliferation and adhesion factors in solitary and multiple meningiomas. Aim of the study. Was to evaluate the immunohistochemical differences in sex hormone receptor expression, cell proliferation and adhesion within solitary and multiple meningiomas. Material and methods. In a retrospective study, 11 consecutive multiple meningiomas and 20 grade-matched solitary meningiomas were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Ki-67 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). IHC was followed by quantitative microscopic evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied including confidence interval (CI) analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearmen correlation by IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software; p values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results. Although PR were found in all samples, the mean expression was significantly lower in multiple meningiomas (p = 0.03): 30.0% (95% CI: 10.4 – 49.8) versus 70.6% (95% CI: 56.6 – 84.7) in solitary meningiomas. ER were invariably absent in both groups. The proliferation index did not differ in solitary and multiple tumors. There was a trend (p = 0.07) to higher mean expression of NCAM in multiple meningiomas than in control group: 48.3% (95% CI: 25.8 – 70.8) versus 24.6% (95% CI: 13.2 – 36.0), respectively. The multiple meningiomas showed diverse histological types and immunophenotypes in up to 33.3% patients. Conclusions. Multiple meningiomas are characterized by significant down-regulation of PR and up-regulation of NCAM. The last finding can indicate neural differentiation and/or peculiarities of cell adhesion and signaling that facilitate multifocal proliferation. Diverse histological types as well as PR and NCAM expression in separate meningiomas within same patient indicate independent multicentric origin.


Glucose intolerance is a global health concern that encompasses glucose metabolism abnormalities such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is an urgent need to focus on the prediabetes (ie, IGT and IFG) stage before the disease actually occurs. The progression from IGT to T2D can be prevented or delayed by modifying the lifestyles in high-risk individuals, and these health benefits are well documented in various ethnicities with prediabetes across the world. Specifically, consuming a healthy diet (high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and whole grains), losing weight, quitting smoking, consuming alcohol in moderation, and increasing physical activity can improve glucose tolerance and reduce the risk of T2D. Also, pharmacological agents and botanicals can be used to manage glucose intolerance if the implementation of lifestyle changes is challenging. Pharmacological treatments have been successful in managing glucose intolerance; however, they have adverse effects. Also, more research on botanicals is warranted before a definitive recommendation can be made for their use in managing glucose intolerance. To make progress on this worldwide problem, efforts are needed to improve the awareness of prediabetes, increase promotion of healthy behaviors, and improve the availability of evidence-based lifestyle intervention programs to the community.


Electromodulation (EM) spectroscopy has been used to probe the electric field distribution in polymer light-emitting diodes. Below the turn-on bias, the EM spectrum is dominated by electroabsorption of the emissive layer. The electroabsorption signal vanishes at the turn-on bias. Under operation, the EM spectrum is due to by excited state absorption from injected charge and bleaching of the ground state absorption of the emissive layer. We conclude that the internal electric field is effectively screened by accumulation of trapped electrons at the anode.


Abstract The performance of Space-Based Radar (SBR) to detect air or ground moving targets is influenced by earth clutter, so an effective algorithm to suppressing clutter can be designed if knowing the power and distribution of earth clutter. In this paper, the clutter model of SBR is deduced. Besides, the earth's rotation effect is taken into account and the modification to Doppler frequency is derived. Finally, we plot clutter space-time spectrum and clutter angle-Doppler traces based on the modeling. It is shown that earth's rotation together with Doppler ambiguity significantly degrade the clutter suppression performance of adaptive processing algorithms. Detailed derivations of these results are presented in this paper.


Documentation for techniques of surgical manipulation of a filtering bleb is meager in ophthalmological literature. Of particular interest in this matter is: (1) the management of loss of the filtering bleb after external filtering surgery for glaucoma, (2) management of external fistulization of a filtering bleb, (3) treatment of extension of a filtering bleb into the cornea with and without abnormal hypotony, and (4) the management of postoperative fistulization of the corneoscleral section in cataract surgery which results in the formation of a filtering bleb. It is the intent of this communication to present methods of treating these fortunately infrequent complications. Loss of the Filtering Bleb At the first dressing in the uncomplicated external filtering operation for glaucoma, one notes the presence of a bleb, a wellformed anterior chamber, and the absence of hyphema and choroidal detachment. Absence of or marked reduction in the size of the bleb may be


Court Decision: 947 Federal Supplement 1152; 1997 Jan 6 (date of decision). The United States District Court of the Eastern District of Michigan held that a mentally competent patient who is terminally ill or intractably suffering does not have a liberty interest in assisted suicide under the due process clause of the Fourth Amendment and is not denied equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiff Jack Kevorkian is a physician who advocates the right to die and assisted patients to commit suicide. Plaintiff Janet Good, the former president of the Michigan Hemlock Society, suffers from terminal pancreatic cancer. The plaintiffs claimed that Michigan's statute prohibiting physician-assisted suicide is unconstitutional. The District Court held that there is no cognizable constitutional right to assisted suicide because the right to suicide or assisted suicide is not deeply rooted in the nation's history and traditions, and because the statute does not infringe on any fundamental right or liberty. The court noted a difference between the withdrawal of life support and acts to hasten death by assisted suicide. The court also held that the law against physician-assisted suicide furthered legitimate state interests in denying to physicians "the role of killers of their patients," in regulating circumstances under which life may be ended, and in protecting the vulnerable but viable from "self-interested importuning of third parties."


Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible computing models with high energy efficiency. The temporal dynamics of neurons and synapses enable them to detect temporal patterns and generate sequences. While Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) is traditionally used to train SNNs, it is not suitable for online learning of embedded applications due to its high computation and memory cost as well as extended latency. Previous works have proposed online learning algorithms, but they often utilize highly simplified spiking neuron models without synaptic dynamics and reset feedback, resulting in subpar performance. In this work, we present Spatiotemporal Online Learning for Synaptic Adaptation (SOLSA), specifically designed for online learning of SNNs composed of Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neurons with exponentially decayed synapses and soft reset. The algorithm not only learns the synaptic weight but also adapts the temporal filters associated to the synapses. Compared to the BPTT algorithm, SOLSA has much lower memory requirement and achieves a more balanced temporal workload distribution. Moreover, SOLSA incorporates enhancement techniques such as scheduled weight update, early stop training and adaptive synapse filter, which speed up the convergence and enhance the learning performance. When compared to other non-BPTT based SNN learning, SOLSA demonstrates an average learning accuracy improvement of 14.2%. Furthermore, compared to BPTT, SOLSA achieves a 5% higher average learning accuracy with a 72% reduction in memory cost.


Echocardiography has contributed considerably to the evolution in the management of patients with infective endocarditis. There is a clear hierarchy with respect to sensitivity of the different methods is superior when compared to 2-D and M-mode echocardiography in identifying both vegetations and perivalvular complications e.g. abscess formation, aneurysms, mural endocardial lesions. For patients with suspected endocarditis, in whom vegetations can not be clearly identified or in whom abscess formation is suspected with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with mono- or multiplane scans has become the standard diagnostic procedure. For the examination of prosthetic valves it is the method of choice. It has even been suggested that it is employed as routine measure in all patients with suspected infective endocarditis. TEE is a safe semi-invasive technique with an extremely low complication rate and high sensitivity. Its specificity depends largely on the patient group which is examined. In patients with indicative clinical symptoms the specificity and the predictive value of vegetations are high. When used as screening method to assess echodense formations at cardiac valves particularly in the elderly, in whom degenerative changes prevail, its specificity and positive predictive value of vegetation-like structures are much lower. The negative predictive value of a negative transesophageal echocardiogram remains high, however. Valve abscesses are detected rarely by transthoracic echocardiography. It is the domain of TEE to assess them particularly in the aortic and mitral valve area. For them the specificity and positive predictive value of TEE in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis is high again. Of further importance was the observation that patients with vegetations of > 10 mm were more likely to suffer embolic complications. It should be noted, however, that infective endocarditis remains a clinical diagnosis: neither is the demonstration of a vegetation already the equivalent of endocarditis, nor does missing vegetations completely rule out the possibility of it. But without doubt, the presence of vegetations, of abscess formation or a concomitant pericardial effusion add valuable information to clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis, which still needs a "high index of suspicion".


The origin of the galaxies represents an important focus of current cosmological research, both observational and theoretical. Its resolution involves a comprehensive understanding of star formation and evolution, galaxy dynamics, supermassive black holes, and the cosmology of the very early universe. I will review our current understanding of galaxy formation and describe some of the challenges that lie ahead. Specific issues that I will address include the star formation rate in galaxies and the galaxy luminosity function, including the role of feedback.


In experiments on unrestrained rabbits interactions of sound (tone, click), light and pain excitation occurring during stimulation of the dental pulp in the neurons of the cortical sensomotor zone, in the area of representation of the dental afferents were studied by the microelectrode method. It was shown that bi- and polysensor convergence of excitation is realized in the cells of this area. It is suggested that convergence of excitation underlies the mechanisms of formation of the integral systemic pain reaction during stimulation of the dental receptors.


The main question to be answered in this thesis is under what conditions bare singulars are acceptable in Norwegian. Although every native speaker of Norwegian masters the art of determining (unconsciously) when bare singulars can occur, it has turned out to be an amazingly complicated task to explicitly state the sufficient and necessary conditions for appropriate use of these phrases in Norwegian. This thesis is an attempt to reach that goal.


In this book, Draitser provides a lot of good jokes and in the process raises fascinating questions. Many Russian jokes, he reminds us, are products of the best part of Russian society—its intelligentsia (p. 12). Therefore, jokes are an important part of Russia's cultural history. Ethnic jokes are especially interesting because of their uniformity, and in spite of their specificity. That is, the jokes ascribe specific characteristics to various ethnic groups, but these characteristics are interchangeable and are, sooner or later, ascribed to most groups, and what is more, most groups ascribe them to themselves. Russians, for example, describe Jews (p. 182) and Georgians (pp. 49–50) as sexually overactive, which is very surprising because they make similar jokes about themselves (pp. 21 ff., 183), although they resent it when outsiders make the same assumptions (p. 25). To complicate matters, opposite characteristics are not infrequently ascribed to different ethnic groups (p. 33). The universality of the specifics in "jokelore," as Draitser calls his subject matter, are jokes about stingy people: They are told about the Scots, as well as by Belgians about the Dutch, by Russians about the Ukrainians (p. 73), and by Bulgarians about the inhabitants of the village, Gabrovo. Therefore, ethnic jokes seem difficult to explain: They ascribe the same and opposite characteristics to several ethnic groups. They do not refer to any objectively existing and verifiable ethnic characteristics, as Draitser repeatedly points out (p. 20, quoting Wilson, who quotes Barron and Legman). Howcan this be explained? According to Draitser, who attempts to explain these characteristics of jokes, groups take a close look at neighboring groups and make fun of their characteristics, but these groups say that, in the final analysis, all humanity is both the same and unique: Each group is stupid or clever, sexually active or inactive, depending on which individuals are chosen as representatives (pp. 20, 23). Linguists will notice here a similarity with phonemes or, more appropriately, distinctive features. Distinctive features and phonemes, unlike morphemes and words but like ethnic characteristics, do not refer to reality but "denote mere otherness," in Roman Jakobson's words ("Phonology and Phonemics," Selected Writings, vol. I [Mouton,1962, p. 470]). Similarly, these ethnic characteristics do not describe ethnic groups but only "denote their otherness," that is, state that they are different. Just as Jakobson described a phoneme as a bundle of distinctive features, we can describe an ethnic joke as a bundle of ethnic characteristics with this difference: that the bundle is defined for each individual joke, while phonemes are permanently defined as a certain bundle of features. This conception of ethnic jokes as a means to identify one's own group by contrasting it with others seems implicit in Draitser's analysis, even if he does not say so directly (pp. 17, 20). De Saussure was right: The sign is arbitrary and one can show one's "awareness of its existence" (p. 17) by attributing any characteristic to any group. Draitser's book deals with very fundamental questions. What makes a state? What makes a nationality? How are our neighboring countries different from us? Are they? He shows us that people have pretty much the same vices and weaknesses all over the world—well, all over Eastern Europe—and he gives us lots of good anecdotes.


Purpose To study the effect of D-panthenol (provitamin B5) on corneal epithelial healing, in cases of surface laser ablation. Patients and Methods: 45 eyes, of 45 patients undergoing laser surface ablation, received D-panthenol 2% in one eye and artificial tear drops of similar composition not containing D-panthenol in the other eye, postoperatively, for 2 months. Patients were examined daily for 3 days after the procedure. They were then examined weekly for 1 month. An additional examination was made after 2 months. Visual acuity (Log MAR) was assessed at every visit. Rate of healing (% of covered area) and subjective sensation of discomfort (scale 0–5) were assessed in the 1st 3 visits. Residual manifest cylinder (D) (as a parameter of corneal irregularity) and corneal clarity (epithelial and stromal haze) were assessed from week 1 to month 2. Results During the first 3 days, both groups showed statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05) results. From week 1 to month 2, eyes receiving D-panthenol showed better vision and less residual cylinder (P < 0.05) at week 1. For all other parameters, and at different examinations, both groups showed a statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05) difference. Still, eyes receiving D-panthenol showed better values at the majority of the parameters tested. Conclusion D-Panthenol effect on corneal epithelial regeneration is of minimal clinical relevance. A different dosage and a larger sample of patients might reveal a statistical relevance. This trial is registered with https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN81441126.


As an entry for the 2001 Gordon Bell Award in the "special" category, we describe our 3-d, hybrid, adaptive mesh re.nement (AMR) code Enzo designed for high-resolution, multiphysics, cosmological structure formation simulations. Our parallel implementation places no limit on the depth or complexity of the adaptive grid hierarchy, allowing us to achieve unprecedented spatial and temporal dynamic range. We report on a simulation of primordial star formation which develops over 8000 subgrids at 34 levels of re.nement to achieve a local refinement of a factor of 1012 in space and time. This allows us to resolve the properties of the first stars which form in the universe assuming standard physics and a standard cosmological model. Achieving extreme resolution requires the use of 128-bit extended precision arithmetic (EPA) to accurately specify the subgrid positions. We describe our EPA AMR implementation on the IBM SP2 Blue Horizon system at the San Diego Supercomputer Center.


It is usually considered that the resonance frequency of quartz crystal resonator is only related to dynamic inductance L 1 and dynamic capacitance C 1, and load resonance frequency has connection with L 1, C 1 and static capacitance C 0. Hence, the dynamic resistance cannot be measured by frequency. The deduction show that all the frequencies relates to L 1, C 1, C 0 and dynamic resistance R 1. Then, a method for measuring the total equivalent parameters of quartz crystal resonator based on zero phase frequency is proposed in this Letter. The simulation results of advanced design system (ADS) verify the validity of this proposal in theory. After that, the phase-frequency-curves of a quartz crystal resonator with 10 and 5 MHz are measured, which can obtain equivalent parameters of through data processing. The results show that this method has calculated parameters essentially in agreement with nominal parameters. This method does not have reciprocating debugging process, and the test process is simple as well. In addition, the approximate calculation is not used in this method, and it could be widely extent to the field of sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance sensors, temperature sensors and so on.


This paper discusses the role of radio navigation and communications equipment for Space Shuttle navigation. Radio navigation systems are discussed in terms of their ability to support Space Shuttle flight operations. A phased development of navigation capability from conventional trackers to relay satellites and navigation satellites is reviewed.


The number of rosette forming T cells was significantly reduced in patients with acute viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. The frequency of T cells in various hepatic disorders correlated well with the impairment of delayed hypersensitivity response to DNCB.


A C20:5 fatty acid with a trans delta 17 ethylenic bond was identified in liver lipids of rats fed with heated linseed oil. This component was isolated using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography on a reverse phase column and AgNO3 thin layer chromatography (TLC). This fatty acid was identified after hydrazine reduction, methoxy-bromomercuric adducts fractionation, AgNO3-TLC and ozonolysis in BF3-MeOH. It could be a metabolite of one trans isomeric linolenic acid formed during the heat treatment of linseed oil.


When a short (mm-length) bunch with high (nC-regime) charge is transported through a magnetic bending system, self-interaction via coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) and space charge may alter the bunch dynamics significantly. We consider a Gaussian rigid-line-charge bunch following a straight-path trajectory into a circle, with the trajectory centered between two infinite, parallel, perfectly conducting plates. Transients associated with CSR and space charge generated from source particles both on the straight path and the circle are calculated, and their net effect on the radiated power is contrasted with that of shielded steady-state CSR.


In a situation such as a traffic accident on a highway, the active mobiles in an affected cell may easily outnumber the capacity, and an excessive increase in CDMA noise may, in the worst case, block all calls in the cell if the users insist on calling through the same cell site. A scheme to alleviate such congestion in CDMA cellular systems is proposed, so that traffic load is adaptively shed from affected cells by forced hand-offs of the mobiles farthest away from current cell site. The capacity with adaptive load shedding is studied by computer simulations considering two scenarios: a single congested cell with six neighbouring cells partially loaded, and three consecutive congested cells with four neighbouring cells partially loaded. The results show that the scheme offers higher CDMA cellular capacity gain than the normal power-up control adopted by the current CDMA cellular standard.


Despite all that's been written about mergers and acquisitions, even the experts know surprisingly little about them. The author recently headed up a year-long study sponsored by Harvard Business School on the subject of M&A activity. In-depth findings will emerge over the next few years, but the research has already revealed some interesting results. Most intriguing is the notion that, although academics, consultants, and businesspeople lump M&As together, they represent very different strategic activities. Acquisitions occur for the following reasons: to deal with overcapacity through consolidation in mature industries; to roll up competitors in geographically fragmented industries; to extend into new products and markets; as a substitute for R&D; and to exploit eroding industry boundaries by inventing an industry. The different strategic intents present distinct integration challenges. For instance, if you acquire a company because your industry has excess capacity, you have to determine which plants to shut down and which people to let go. If, on the other hand, you buy a company because it has developed an important technology, your challenge is to keep the acquisition's best engineers from jumping ship. These scenarios require the acquiring company to engage in nearly opposite managerial behaviors. The author explores each type of M&A--its strategic intent and the integration challenges created by that intent. He underscores the importance of the acquiring company's assessment of the acquired group's culture. Depending on the type of M&A, approaches to the culture in place must vary, as will the level to which culture interferes with integration. He draws from the experiences of such companies as Cisco, Viacom, and BancOne to exemplify the different kinds of M&As.


Introduction: The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms is changing as evidenced by a shift to the community. Hospitalized patients are admitted to home health care with multidrug-resistant organisms. Numerous states have reported an increased incidence of community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms where reportedly no exposure to antibiotics or health care in the 3 months before symptom onset occurred. Method: A cohort research design with four separate home care agencies and a total of 127 nurses' bags were cultured. Conclusions: The present study hypothesizes that the implementation of infection prevention and control strategies including education and training on proper hand hygiene and appropriate decontamination of high-touch surfaces (nurses' bags) will interrupt the chain of transmission. Hand hygiene practices and environmental disinfection methods differ for Clostridium difficile than for other multidrug-resistant organisms, underscoring the need for addressing environmental factors. If present, implications for routine care and cleaning of nurses' bags and specific changes in hand hygiene practices before and after home care visits are necessary.


Flow visualization studies of the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer over the Reynolds-number range 500 < Reθ < 17500 have shown large Reynolds-number effects on boundary-layer structure. At high Reynolds numbers (Reθ > 2000, say) the layer appears to consist very largely of elongated hairpin vortices or vortex pairs, originating in the wall region and extending through a large part of the boundary-layer thickness or beyond it; they are for the most part inclined to the wall at a characteristic angle in the region of 40–50°. Large-scale features, which exhibit a slow overturning motion, appear to consist mainly of random arrays of such hairpin vortices, although there is some evidence of more systematic structures. At low Reynolds numbers (Reθ < 800, say) the hairpin vortices are very much less elongated and are better described as horseshoe vortices or vortex loops; large-scale features now consist simply of isolated vortex loops (at the very lowest Reynolds numbers), or of several such loops interacting strongly, and show a relatively brisk rate of rotation.


The surface area is key to electrochemical systems, including those in electrocatalysis and energy storage. Studies have shown that the surface area of the electrocatalyst directly affects the electrochemical activity, adsorption performance, and stability of the electrocatalyst. This paper used an optical weak measurement (WM) method, which has little impact on the analyte, to measure the reaction surface area (RSA) that actually participated in the electrochemical reaction. Then compared the RSA obtained by the WM with the total surface area (TSA) obtained by the standard Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurement and the active surface area (ASA) obtained by the electrochemical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) method. Their growth trend was consistent, indicating the reliability of the WM method. Compared with the above two methods, the WM method is an in situ detection and easy to operate experimentally, which can help researchers to consider the effect of surface area on electrocatalyst performance more rationally.


The primary objective of this field phase of the research project was to evaluate geosynthetic products placed under or within hot mix asphalt overlays to reduce the severity or delay the appearance of reflection cracks and to calibrate and validate FPS-19 Design Check. Multiple end-to-end test pavements incorporating geosynthetic products (fabrics, grids, and composites) and including control sections were constructed in three different regions of Texas (Amarillo, Waco, and Pharr Districts) with widely different climates and geological characteristics. Performance of these test pavements has been monitored for five to six years, depending on the date of construction. The oldest test pavements (Pharr) are exhibiting essentially no cracking. The Amarillo and Waco test pavements are exhibiting a fair amount of low severity and a very small amount of medium-severity reflective cracking. Based on measured cracks in the original pavement before overlaying, the percentage of reflective cracking in each test section was calculated and plotted with time of pavement in service. Calibration of FPS-19 Design Check could not be accomplished due to the absence of sufficient amount of cracks with medium-severity level. Instead, using the field data, relative life ratio of test sections was projected. Field specimens obtained from these test pavements were tested using the large overlay tester. Field monitoring revealed that some geosynthetic products are effective in delaying reflective cracking. They were relatively more effective in the Waco test pavement (concrete in mild climate) than the Amarillo test pavement (flexible in harsh climate).


. Iltt. papg_r Pres€4s the design and implementation of a highly available lock manager for highly available NFS (HA-NFS). HA-NFS provides highly available network file servlce to NFS clients and can be used by any NFS client without modification. This is provided by having two servers share dual-ported disks so that one server can take over the oìher's disks and file systems if it fails. Making the NFS service highly available is not enough since many applications that use NFS also use other services provided with NFS sucñ as the network lock manager. We describe a scheme whereby eaòh server transfers enough of its lock state to the other so that if it fails, the other server can go through a lock iecovery protocol. Our design goal was to make the overhead of transferring the state during failurefree operation as low as possible.


Previous thread rolling methods for the plastic limit are shown to be inadequate and inaccurate. Alternative methods for the plastic limit are shown to be imprecise and unreliable. The strength-based concept and use of the fall-cone test to determine the plastic limit are shown to be flawed. An apparatus that replicates Atterberg?s rolling technique, devised and developed by the author, is described, referred to as the Barnes Apparatus. A thread of soil is rolled between two plates configured to permit extrusion and reduction of diameter with much less operator interference than with the standard test and judgement of the crumbling condition is eliminated. Using a loading device nominal stresses are derived and from dial gauge readings diametral strains are determined for each rolling traverse of the soil thread. Toughness has previously only been studied in an empirical or qualitative manner. From plots of nominal stress vs. strain the workability or toughness of the plastic soil is determined as the work/unit volume. The apparatus and test are appropriate to a wide range of soils. Threads are tested over a range of water contents from near the sticky limit to the brittle state. Good correlations between toughness and water content display an abrupt ductile-brittle transition and give an accurate definition of the plastic limit. From the correlations useful properties are obtained such as the maximum toughness at the plastic limit, the toughness limit, the water content at zero toughness, the stiffness transition, the toughness coefficients, the toughness index and the workability index. An investigation into the significance of the soil thread diameter of 3 mm in the standard plastic limit test has found that as the water content of a soil reduces it undergoes a transition from fully plastic, to cracked, to brittle, largely regardless of the diameter of the thread. It is recommended that the 3 mm diameter requirement is withdrawn from the standard test procedure as unnecessary and emphasis placed on observing the behaviour of the soil thread as it is rolled by hand. A review of the relationship between the clay matrix and the granular particles in a soil has found that the linear law of mixtures and activity index are appropriate only at high clay contents. The terms granular spacing ratio and matrix porosity are introduced to explain the effect of the granular particles on the toughness and plastic limit. An analysis confirms that with small diameter soil threads large granular particles affect the results disproportionately. An aggregation ratio term is introduced to explain the change in toughness in the clay matrix as its water content reduces towards the plastic limit. To assess the effect of granular particles in a clay matrix on the toughness and plastic limit the results of tests conducted on mixtures of a high plasticity clay and silt, and sand particles of two different sizes are discussed. Smaller particle sizes are found to have a greater effect on reducing the toughness and the plastic limit of the clay. In the ceramics industry mixing different clays together to obtain suitable properties is common. The toughness and plastic limits of two pairs of mixed clays do not follow the linear law of mixtures but are dependent on the total clay content and the content of a dominant clay mineral.


In education, as in other institutional systems, decisions about school facilities tend to be made by a few people who are not the direct building users, often ignoring the direct involvement of teachers and students. This book presents guidance for creating a constructive dialogue between school officials and the surrounding community on a school planning process that contributes to enhancing educational quality. The benefits of community participation are addressed as are descriptions of the principle parts of the participation process, including strategic planning, goal setting, and long term planning. Case studies were selected because each addresses community and user participation as an integral part of the school planning process. The case studies propose a humanistic approach to school planning that would be beneficial for educators, school administrators, policy makers and architects who are interested in engaging users in the planning process.


This paper proposes a novel Semi-supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), called Virtual Label Constraint Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (VLCNMF). The idea of the VLCNMF is to extend the NMF by incorporating a virtual label constraint into the NMF decomposition. Different from previous works, our approach covers two main steps: the first step is to obtain virtual labels by label propagation algorithms and the second step is to add these virtual labels information as additional constraints into original NMF. The proposed VLCNMF approach is applied to the problem of semi-supervised image representation using the well-known ORL, Yale datasets.


Horizon 2020, is a legislative package that succeeds the current FP7, with a proposed budget of EURO 70.9 billion and it has been seen as a response measure to the economic and financial crisis, by creatig the possibilities to invest in future jobs and growth, while addressing EU citizens about their safety, livelihoods and environment. Reliying on a three pillar structure, the funding model focuses on providing the participants similar funding rates according to the undertaken activities, while taking into consideration stakeholders' preferences for reimbursement. Horizon 2020 is open to any project that is based on competitive initiatives; however, each country's experience and economic development will influence its' participation to the "Horizon 2020" funding program.


With the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and big data, the fourth generation data center based on cloud computing is also growing rapidly. Cloud computing provides users with a flexible, reliable, ultra-large and scalable pool of computing resources. In the cloud computing environment, the Internet transfers information and data to direct transfer services. Since the emergence of cloud computing, through the continuous development of science and technology. Data center is an architecture that integrates network communication, storage and high performance computing. It can provide users with a variety of storage, computing and network services. How to deal with massive data and services, to facilitate users to complete all kinds of business more quickly and with higher experience, has become a major problem in the era of Internet development. This paper designs the cloud computing architecture of the Internet of things data center, hoping to propose a new scheduling mechanism for the intelligent management of the data center.


A tetragonal BiFeO3 phase with giant c/a of approximately 1.25 has been of great interest recently as it potentially possesses a giant polarization and much enhanced electromechanical response. This super‐tetragonal phase is known to be a stable phase only under high compressive strains of above approximately 4.5%, according to first principle calculations. However, in previous work, this super‐tetragonal BiFeO3 phase was obtained in films deposited at high growth rate on SrTiO3 substrates with compressive strain of only around 1.5%. By detailed structure analysis using high resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, the parasitic β‐Bi2O3 phase is identified as the origin inducing the formation of super‐tetragonal BiFeO3 phase on SrTiO3 substrates. In addition, ab initio calculations also confirm that this super‐tetragonal phase is more stable than monoclinic phase when Bi2O3 is present. Using Bi2O3 as a buffer layer, an alternative route, not involving strain engineering, is proposed to stabilize this promising super‐tetragonal BiFeO3 phase at low growth rates.


Long-term data on the occurrence of "teasing" in young chimpanzees living in the Arnhem Zoo chimpanzee colony are presented. They strengthen the hypotheses—presented in earlier papers—concerning the existence of two functional forms of this so-called quasi-aggressive behaviour and provide insight into the way in which they develop. Developmental changes are visible both in the performance of quasi-aggressive behaviour and in the effects evoked by the behaviour. The purpose of the reducing uncertainty type of quasi-aggressive behaviour, performed by male and female youngsters towards adult females, is to obtain more predictable responses. As youngsters grow older, they engage in this behaviour also to gain control over the responses of the target animals. Eventually, the quasi-aggressive behaviour of male youngsters develops into adult-like bluff and attack behaviour the purpose of which is to establish dominance relationships. The investigating authority type of quasi-aggressive behaviour, directed towards adult males, is associated increasingly with the exercise of power by the target males. The youngsters increasingly behave submissively towards the males and direct quasi-aggressive behaviour especially towards the alpha-male at moments when he is bluffing or involved in other conspicuous social interactions. These and other changes in the relationship between adult males and male youngsters are already visible well before the onset of puberty in the youngsters.

It is discussed in how far the development of these exploratory aggression types involves social learning processes and how this fits in with current concepts concerning the development of aggressive behaviour.


Abstract:  Researchers dealing with conservation subjects usually do not put the results of their work into practice, even when the primary purpose of their research is the preservation of biodiversity. In the South American temperate forests we identified an area with the highest genetic diversity in Argentina of Nothofagus nervosa, one of the most relevant southern beech species. Based on the information of our scientific study and our recommendations, the authorities of Lanin National Park changed the protection status of this area to avoid logging. The new forestry management plans include consideration of "high genetic diversity" in decisions on where logging will be allowed. Results of our initial genetic study induced the analysis of biodiversity at the species and ecosystems levels, which yielded results similar to our genetic studies. A strong connection among researchers and managers from the onset of our study and the awareness of the former about the importance of the implementation of the research work were key to bridging the gap between conservation research and conservation practice.


Connecting control system components through multi-user networks offers high design flexibility and low implementation cost. However, limited-capacity communication channel may deteriorate the performance of the closed-loop system. This paper addresses the effect of the network resource restrictions on the closed-loop system performance and presents a novel method to reduce the network traffic and to alleviate the performance bottleneck


Nowadays, unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are mainly obtained from non-renewable resources. The ever-increasing regulations and the continuous demand for more sustainability have led to extensive research towards more environmentally suitable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. However, one of the main disadvantages of bio-based UPR is their relatively high viscosity compared to petrochemical ones. In order to overcome this drawback, in this work, we investigated the possibility to lower the resin viscosity utilizing a mixture of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a reactive diluent. The effect of the DMI and MMA ratio on resin rheological properties was investigated. The optimal curing parameters were determined and all UPRs had a high gel content, which was shown to be dependent on the DMI and MMA ratio in the formulation. Furthermore, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the resulting network were also found to be affected by the used reactive diluent mixture. A small substitution of DMI by MMA proved to be advantageous since it offers lower resin viscosity and improved mechanical properties.


We synthesized a variant, recombinant fibrinogen modeled after the heterozygous dysfibrinogen Vlissingen/Frankfurt IV, a deletion of two residues, γAsn-319 and γAsp-320, located within the high affinity calcium-binding pocket. Turbidity studies showed no evidence of fibrin polymerization, although size exclusion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering studies showed small aggregates. These aggregates did not resemble normal protofibrils nor did they clot. Fibrinopeptide A release was normal, whereas fibrinopeptide B release was delayed approximately 3-fold. Plasmin cleavage of this fibrinogen was not changed by the presence of calcium or Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, indicating that both the calcium-binding site and the "a" polymerization site were non-functional. We conclude that the loss of normal polymerization was due to the lack of "A-a" interactions. Moreover, functions associated with the C-terminal end of the γ chain, such as platelet aggregation and factor XIII cross-linking, were also disrupted, suggesting that this deletion of two residues affected the overall structure of the C-terminal domain of the γ chain.


The incidence of antibiotic resistance was determined in over 2000 bacteria which were divided into the following groups: faecal streptococci, coliforms (excluding Escherichia coli), E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and aquatic bacteria (i.e. bacteria predominant in the lake water which were excluded from the previous four categories). The isolates were obtained from the water of Windermere (English Lake District) and from a sewage effluent which entered the lake. With the exception of the faecal streptococci, the incidence of antibiotic resistance was higher in the bacteria isolated from the lake water than in those from the effluent, and ranked according to groups Pseudomonas spp. greater than E. coli greater than aquatic bacteria greater than coliforms greater than faecal streptococci. The highest incidence of multiple resistance was found among the pseudomonads. When corrected for the relative size of each population the pool of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic bacteria was by far the largest. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in aquatic bacteria isolated from Windermere was, however, lower than in those isolated from two remote upland tarns. This finding may have been due to differences in the species composition of the three sites except that the same results were obtained when only fluorescent pseudomonads were tested. The upland tarns were not totally isolated from man and other animals but did not receive any sewage or other effluents and therefore the results were surprising. Possible explanations include a lack of susceptibility in aquatic bacteria and increased resistance associated with growth in nutrient poor environments.


ABSTRACT
This research was aimed at describing connections between : 1) The Quality of Services to the Patient Loyalty, 2)The Satisfaction to the Patient Loyalty, 3) The Quality of Services and Patients Satisfaction, all together, to the patient loyalty. This study was held in the Bintaro International Hospital, Tangerang. The method of research is survey method. The population consist of all internal disease patients of Bintaro International Hospital, Tangerang. Sample of research are 40 patients which were taken by random sampling method. The result of research, that the service quality and the patient satisfaction themselves or all together, giving significant result toward the patient loyalty. The attitude towards the improvement quality of service, and patient satisfaction need to be trained for the employees of Bintaro International Hospital. This matter cannot be separated from the employees recruitment. Spesifically for the best services for their patients, beside that matters the hospital management must be improved their tools and equipment that they're used, and would be hold the trainings for their employees.Keywords: Quality of Service, Satisfaction, Loyalty.


The existence of a function for which the greedy algorithm in the Faber-Schauder system is divergent in measure on is established. It is shown that for each , , there exists a measurable subset of of measure such that for each one can find a function coinciding with on , whose greedy algorithm in the Faber-Schauder system converges uniformly on . Bibliography: 33 titles.


Opioids are the most frequently administered analgesics in the perioperative period. The analgesic potency of opioids is without question. While the opioid- free or opioid-less perioperative care concept is not a reality in most surgical centers of the United States and other developed countries, there is a significant number of healthcare problems (i.e. adverse events, opioid-induced hyperalgesia and opioid diversion) related to the indiscriminate use of opioids that warrants the implementation of multimodal analgesia strategies. Although it has been suggested an association between the use of opioids and cancer progression, there is a need of well-designed studies to confirm that association.


With the proliferation of digitization and its usage in critical sectors, it is necessary to include information about the occurrence and assessment of cyber threats in an organization's threat mitigation strategy. This Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is becoming increasingly important, or rather necessary, for critical national and industrial infrastructures. Current CTI solutions are rather federated and unsuitable for sharing threat information from low-power IoT devices. This paper presents a taxonomy and analysis of the CTI frameworks and CTI exchange platforms available today. It proposes a new CTI architecture relying on the MISP Threat Intelligence Sharing Platform customized and focusing on IoT environment. The paper also introduces a tailored version of STIX (which we call tinySTIX), one of the most prominent standards adopted for CTI data modeling, optimized for low-power IoT devices using the new lightweight encoding and cryptography solutions. The proposed CTI architecture will be very beneficial for securing IoT networks, especially the ones working in harsh and adversarial environments.


Abstract. Khodijah NS, Suwignyo RA, Harun MU, Robiartini L. 2019. Phytoremediation potential of some grasses on lead heavy metal in tailing planting media of former tin mining. Biodiversitas 20: 1973-1982. Agricultural production on tin tailings land must consider the safety of products from Pb metal contaminants. The presence of Pb metal can be overcome by using plants as phytoremediation. This study aimed to obtain information on the ability of phytoremediation of Pb by various types of grass and its interaction with the types of ameliorants in tin tailings media. Three species of grass were used, namely Pennisetum purpureum, Saccharum spontaneum, and Hymenachne acutigluma, and two types of ameliorant, namely lime and compost. The study was designed using a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design with two treatment factors, namely the type of grass and the type of ameliorant. Observations were done on growth, shoot Pb content and root Pb content. The ability of phytoremediation was assessed by using the approach of Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) values. The highest phytoremediation ability was found in treatment of H. acutigluma grass treated with lime ameliorant, followed by S. spontaneum treated with lime ameliorous and S. spontaneum treated with compost ameliorant. Based on BCF values, P. purpureum and H. acutigluma were categorized as accumulators, and S. spontaneum was classified as an excluder. Based on TF values, the three types of grass used were classified as phytostabilisation. The high ability of phytoremediation in H. acutigluma was caused by its high BCF values, while the high ability of phytoremediation on S. spontaneum was caused by its low translocation factor value and high Pb absorption efficiency.


Two-dimensional Born scattering for the non-relativistic case is considered, the purpose being to investigate electron transport properties in mono-layer Graphene subject to an applied parallel electric eld. Solutions for the Probability Density Current (PDC) are obtained in the Fresnel zone which provides a model for simulating the PDC subject to membrane crumpling. In this context a Random Fractal Defect Model is considered which is used to assess the eect of (Fractal) crumpling on the PDC.


This study reports the evaluation of "second ear" stapedotomiesy results in 23 patients with otosclerosis. All pre- and post-operative audiological data, all relevant surgical information and patients' features were analyzed retrospectively. The air-bone gap showed a significant improvement in all patients. The bilateral audiometric thresholds improved in 20 (87.0%) patients; in 1 (4.3%) patient, unilateral improvement occurred with no changes in the other ear and in 2 (8.7%) patients improvement occurred in first operated ear and dropped in the second ear after the last procedure. During the follow-up, there were no incapacitating complications. Based on these findings, we can conclude Our study concluded that second ear stapedotomy is a safe procedure with good results.


Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has proven efficacy as a treatment for depression in older people. An important debate amongst therapists working with older people is whether CBT needs to be adapted to ensure optimal treatment outcome and, if so, what adaptations are necessary. It is accepted that psychotherapy with older people can differ from psychotherapy with younger people in a number of important respects because of the higher likelihood of chronic conditions, changes in cognitive capacity, potential loss experiences and different cohort belief systems. As psychotherapists are often much less comfortable dealing with physical problems, they may become negatively biased in terms of outcome when patients present with co-morbid health issues. The impact of loss experiences in older people can also be overemphasized in their importance by inexperienced therapists and can result in lowered expectations for therapy outcome. Consequently, there is a need to develop a model that addresses age related issues within a coherent cognitive therapy framework suitable for older people. This paper describes a CBT model that is augmented with applied gerontological knowledge, taking account of cohort beliefs, intergenerational linkages, sociocultural context, health status/beliefs and role investments/transitions. Clinical examples are used throughout to illustrate clinical implications of the model.


Background Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a complex disease and is present in ∼11% in patients with Psoriasis (Ps). Recently, Genomewide Association Studies (GWAS) have expanded the number of risk loci for Ps in >20 new loci. Two of these genes, ERAP-1 and HLA-C, have been shown to interact epistatically in the risk to develop Ps. Objectives We have studied the presence of new genetic interactions between Ps risk lci with the HLA region in Purely cutaneous Psoriasis (PsC) and PsA. Methods Within each Ps risk locus (n=31), the SNP having the highest statistical evidence was selected. The 31 SNPs were genotyped using Taqman technology in a cohort of n=955 PsA, 1,050 PsC and 1,497 hypernormal controls of the Spanish population. The presence of statistically significant gene-gene interactions was performed using a logistic regression model with three parameters to determine the presence of interaction at the allelic level. Results We replicated the previously described interaction of HLA-C and ERAP1 in the PsC cohort but not in the PsA cohort. We identified, for the first time, a significative epistatic association between HLA-C and SERPINB8. Microarray gene expression studies on cutaneous biopsies corroborate the presence of this interaction at a functional level. In PsA, no statistically significant interactions where identified with variation at HLA-C. However, 6 of the studied genes showed a significant (P<0.05) association with HLA-B27 positivity. Conclusions The present study has identified new genetic interactions associated with the risk to develop PsC and PsA. The functional study of these interactions will improve our knowledge of the biological basis of these complex diseases. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


competent physician; thus, the quality of an anesthesiology residency training program is a pivotal determinant of the quality of patient care. Pressure to increase accountability during resident training and restricted duty hours have forced a change from traditional training by apprenticeship to a more rigid system. The anesthesiology resident should attain minimum standards of competency for practicing as an anesthesiologist over the course of their residency training. The main objectives of resident teaching in the current era are to standardize the learning outcome and individualize the learning process [1]. Therefore, numerous trials for teaching [2], assessing [3,4], and documenting the competency [5] of residents in a large number of procedures during residency training have been implemented and teaching quality has been evaluated [6]. In the context of practical skills, exposure to a predetermined time in a clinical subspecialty and a target number of cases does not guarantee competence in that clinical area [7]. There are large variations in total experience and case load among anesthesiology residents, even when they share the same rotation program [5]. In addition, some residents gain competence quickly, while a few never do; thus, there is a need to match the level of teaching to the individual resident, rather than relying on the duration of exposure to certain procedures. In this issue of the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, Weil et al. [8] report the use of a learning curve cumulative sum (LCCUSUM) test to measure three anesthetic skills quantitatively (tracheal puncture, thoracic epidural analgesia, and fiberoptic nasal intubation), which are expected to be mastered during a single 6-month rotation. The CUSUM analysis is a statistical technique to discriminate deviations from a predetermined failure rate. CUSUM score starts at zero and each consecutive failure or success in a procedure changes the accumulated failure score. Specifically, success is indicated by a decrease in CUSUM and failure by an increase. Plotting CUSUM on a graph shows the times of acceptable and unacceptable performance and trends in achievement [9]. Thus, it provides a continuous quantitative evaluation of practical capability when a resident becomes proficient in a new skill, specifically during the predetermined learning period of a procedure [10]. The usefulness of CUSUM as a measurement of competence in various areas of anesthesiology has been tested [11-13]. Notably, Weil et al. [8] reported that most residents did not achieve competency in three anesthetic skills with a significant degree of differences in cases and success rates among residents attained. These results demonstrate that an arbitrary number of attempts or training time may not be appropriate as a marker of training-adequacy due to individual training variations. A quantitative approach to resident training is now required, necessitating re-examination of the methods for training and assessing anesthesiology residents to provide learning opportunities for the specific competencies required by practicing anesthesiologists. By employing CUSUM analysis as quality control [9,10], competency-based medical education [2], and innovative competition-based simulation approaches [4] have been widely tested to evaluate the efficacy of an anesthesiology residency training program. Prompt adoption and application of advanced teaching and assessment programs are required. Editorial


Modern release engineering practices such as continuous integration and delivery have allowed software development companies to transition from a long release cycle to a shorter one. The shorter release cycle has led to more software releases available to customers. At the same time, companies developing high-volume software-intensive embedded systems often deliver patch releases and maintenance releases on top of major and minor releases to customers who pick and choose what releases apply to them and decide when to upgrade the system, if to upgrade at all. While release engineering has been studied before in web-based, desktop-based, and embedded software, the focus has been on pre-release activities. Few studies have investigated what happens after the release, particularly the role of tracing software from release to deployment in high-volume software-intensive embedded systems. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative case study at a multi-national telecommunications systems provider focusing on Radio Access Network (RAN) software. RAN software is a complex and large-scale embedded software used in mobile networks Base Stations (BS), providing software functionality for RAN mobile technologies ranging from 2G to 5G. Our study shed light on post-release software traceability and how it is used in the release engineering process.


This document is designed to support the implementation of Sugata Mitra's Self Organised Learning Environment (SOLE) into multiple school contexts. It contains 'whole school' related information for Head Teachers and senior staff in addition to teaching and learning support for teachers and support staff.

A kindle version of Sugata Mitra's "Beyond the Hole in the Wall: Discover the Power of Self-Organized Learning" is available here http://goo.gl/iaL4B.


Collision avoidance systems like emergency braking assist systems have demonstrated their effectiveness in increasing the safety of vehicle passengers in various studies. To further increase the effectiveness of collision avoidance systems, the exploitation of the lateral free space by evasive maneuvers is being investigated in this book. This work focuses on methods for integrated trajectory planning and vehicle dynamics control in collision avoidance scenarios by combined evasion and braking.


Cohabitation during childhood has been described as a powerful inhibitor of later sexual interest in animals including humans (the 'Westermarck effect'), serving as a brother‐sister incest avoidance mechanism. Mound-building mice Mus spicilegus display a strong social inhibition of reproduction, responsible for the absence of reproduction in over-wintering tumuli. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for triggering reproduction in this monogamous species, we formed 100 experimental couples of juveniles (35 d) and surveyed reproduction for 45 d. As expected, very few couples reproduced, which confirms the role of social familiarity in the inhibition of reproduction. Temporary separation (1 h or 24 h) of the two partners had little effect on reproductive success. However, pairing with a new partner, with or without prior isolation, significantly triggered reproduction. Observations of the first encounter between new partners revealed more agonistic and less affiliative behaviour than in controls (reunion of familiar partners). Interestingly, when the new partner was a sibling of the previous one, the behavioural analysis revealed an intermediate level of aggression, indicating that kinship with the previous partner was perceived and had consequences on social behaviour. Mice could therefore choose a new partner based on its relatedness to the previous mate. Mutual tolerance between new partners during the dyadic encounter was negatively correlated with subsequent reproduction. These results demonstrate the paramount role of social novelty in triggering reproduction in this monogamous mouse, and suggest a link between agonistic behaviour and sexual motivation. In the field, mound-building mice may need to engage in agonistic interactions so as to overcome the long-lasting social inhibition of reproduction in overwintering mounds.


Background LGH447 is a novel, specific pan-Pim kinase inhibitor in development for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematologic malignancies. The PIM kinase gene family encodes 3 serine/threonine protein kinases that have roles in cell cycle progression and survival. In human disease, elevated levels of Pim1 and Pim2 are associated with hematologic malignancies, with MM showing the highest level of Pim2 expression. In preclinical studies, a majority of MM cell lines proved sensitive in vitro to LGH447-mediated Pim inhibition, exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation. Furthermore, LGH447 was well tolerated and demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft mouse models of MM as compared with control animals, supporting the clinical development of LGH447 in MM patients.

Methods Patients with relapsed/refractory MM for whom no effective treatment options exist were enrolled on this first-in-human, multicenter, open-label phase 1 dose-escalation study (CLGH447X2101). Escalating doses of single-agent LGH447 were administered orally on a continuous daily dosing schedule. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, consent withdrawal, or death. The primary objective was to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LGH447 administered as a single agent, orally, once daily. Secondary objectives included assessing the safety, tolerability, preliminary antimyeloma activity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of LGH447. Dose escalation followed a Bayesian logistic regression model based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurring in cycle 1. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Efficacy assessments were made by investigators according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) uniform response criteria with modifications. Following determination of the MTD for LGH447, additional patients will be enrolled in an expansion cohort to further characterize the safety and tolerability profile of LGH447.

Results At the data cutoff, 19 patients have been treated at the following doses: 70 mg (n = 5), 150 mg (n = 6), 200 mg (n = 4), 250 mg (n = 4), with enrollment ongoing in dose escalation. Median age was 66 years (range, 41-75 years). Most patients (94.7%) presented with baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1. Most patients (73.7%) had received ≥ 2 prior regimens (median 4; range, 1-11), 89.5% had received prior bortezomib, and 84.2% had received prior lenalidomide and/or thalidomide (68.4% and 47.4%, respectively). Ten patients are ongoing at doses between 150-250 mg, with a median duration of exposure of 6 weeks (range, 1-26.6 weeks), and 9 patients discontinued (disease progression [n = 6], AEs [n = 2], withdrawal of consent [n = 1]). There was 1 DLT consisting of grade 3 thrombocytopenia at the 200 mg dose level and no reported suspected unexpected serious AEs. The majority of AEs regardless of study drug relationship were grade 1/2. Most common grade 3/4 AEs were thrombocytopenia (31.6%), anemia (21.1%), and neutropenia (15.8%). No deaths have occurred on study. LGH447 displayed time-dependent PK with a 3- to 6-fold accumulation from day 1 to steady state (day 14). After a single oral dose, area under the curve and maximum concentration increased somewhat more than in proportion to the dose from 70 to 250 mg. Evidence of single-agent activity, as determined by investigators using IMWG criteria, has been seen in multiple patients, with best response to date being a very good partial response (VGPR).

Conclusion In heavily treated patients with relapsed/refractory MM, LGH447 was generally well tolerated and exhibited evidence of single-agent efficacy in multiple patients, validating Pim kinase inhibition as a promising therapeutic rationale and supporting its further clinical development in patients with MM and other hematologic malignancies. Dose escalation is ongoing and updated results will be presented.

Disclosures: Ocio: BMS: Consultancy; Arry-520: Consultancy; Pharmamar: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria. Thomas: Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Immunomedics: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millenium: Research Funding. Gunther: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Lebovic: Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Allos/Spectrum: Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Speakers Bureau. Kumar: Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding. Jakubowiak: Onyx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria. Song: Novartis: Employment. Xiang: Novartis: Employment. Hynds: Novartis: Employment. Vanasse: Novartis: Employment. Goh: Jannsen: Research Funding; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hospira: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.


Sensitivity analysis is one of the tools available for analyzing the effects of parameter uncertainty and soil heterogeneity on the transport of moisture in the unsaturated similar porous media. Direct differentiation of the discretized Richards equation with respect to parameters defining spatial variability leads to linear systems of equations for elementary sensitivities that are readily solved in conjunction with the original equation. These elementary sensitivities can be easily transformed into approximations of functional sensitivities and into sensitivities of boundary fluxes. A numerical implementation of this technique in one space dimension yields results that are consistent with exact analytical solutions and with numerical perturbation calculations. The effects of a given heterogeneity can be modeled adequately provided that the maximum relative change of the scale factor from one grid point to the next not exceed a number on the order of unity.


Particle accelerators of higher and higher energy and intensity are required, as the investigation of subatomic matter needs to be pursued with higher and higher resolving power. To keep pace with this need while keeping physical dimensions and the cost of accelerator installations affordable, ever new ideas and technologies must be devised. After a brief general introduction and a summary of accelerator physics basics, we review the main lines of development of state of the art installations recently built, in construction or on the drafting board. New physics and technology challenges they pose and main topics still open to further research and development are also outlined.


GCRM (Group Control of Road Machine) system is a new research field for use of multi-agent system (MAS). In order to design a well-defined and easily implemented system based on MAS, there are some problems in system design. In this paper, general issues and special issues about design of a multi-agent system are all concerned. In general issues, architectural problem, coordination and negotiation mechanism and communication mechanism are common components for any scheme of multi-agent system. In special issues, an agent-based supply chain is specially designed in the GCRM system according to the system needs. An agent design considering human factors is put forward. As a result, we investigate some design guidelines from this work.


Bayesian networks and decision graphs is the second edition of what, in my opinion, was the benchmark textbook on graphical probabilistic models. Unlike many second editions, it is not only an update of the first edition but also greatly expanded, and the magnitude of the change is reflected in the presence of a second author and the addition of nearly 200 pages. Indeed, the change is not just the addition of material, but a complete revision of the way the book is organized. The first edition divided the material into two parts, first covering the representation of probabilistic influences (or, rather, the absence of independencies) by graphical models and then describing algorithms for carrying out inference in those models. The new edition starts with the basic probability theory, and then is split into two—one part deals with Bayesian networks and the other part deals with decision graphs. In both parts we are first introduced to the models, and then told how to do inference within the models. Given that much of the new material is on decision problems, this rearrangement makes sense. It keeps the discussion of algorithms closely tied to the material on representation, and also makes the book more accessible to anyone who is only interested in either Bayesian networks or decision graphs. Part of the new material covers Markov decision processes (both fully and partially observable). While one might cavil that they are not really decision graphs, including such a widely used approach is, in my view, an excellent idea, and one that adds a great deal of value to the book. The only problem with this addition is that there is no real discussion of learning in such models. This is a shame since one of the great strengths of these models is their close connection to reinforcement learning, a connection that means that the entire model can be learnt from scratch. However, that is a minor flaw in a very good book, and given the extent of the revisions that they carried out, an understandable omission on the part of the authors. Once again Finn Jensen has delivered a book that should be the standard text on the subject. I look forward to seeing the next edition.


A new method to study the diffusion properties of molecules into porous materials using transmission IR spectroscopy is employed. A measurement of the diffusion of the 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (2-CEES) molecule into two types of gamma-Al2O3 powder is performed, showing that the diffusion rate into subnanometer crystallite particle size gamma-Al2O3 powders (subnano-Al2O3) is higher than that into the larger crystallite particle size powder. It is shown that a surface diffusion mechanism can be used to model the diffusion process giving good agreement with the experimental results, where Dsubnano-Al2O3 is approximately 5 times larger than Dmultinano-Al2O3 at 170 K for the 2-CEES molecule.


By analysing the positions of individual unit cells in the image of a distorted macromolecular crystal, it is possible to achieve considerably more than is achieved by the correlation averaging or unbending now widely practised. It is possible partly to compensate for individual molecular distortion; and it is possible to identify molecules in equivalent environments (which can be expected to be in equivalent states of strain), selective averaging of which yields images that show how strain is accommodated at the sub-molecular level. The possible presence of surface forces applied to the crystal by its support film complicates the analysis and adds two additional parameters, not previously identified, to those necessary to characterise the environment of each molecule fully; these surface stress parameters can be estimated on the basis of a simple (isotropic) model of the elastic behaviour of a 2-D crystal. The appropriate mathematical description of strain and elasticity in 2-D crystals has been assembled concisely, and a set of new procedures developed allowing their practical exploitation within the Semper image processing system.


The combination of panel data regression consist of time series data, it was collected based on a characteristic at a certain time (cross section). This research aimed to analyze the affecting factors and dominant factors of Dengue Hemoragic Fever (DHF) cases in East Java using panel data regression. This research uses secondary data published by the East Java Provincial Health Office, namely the Health Profile and the East Java Provincial Statistics Agency such as documents of each Districts/City in Numbers of East Java on 2014––2017 using total research population that were collected in all districts/cities in East Java Province. The data of new cases of DHF and factors affecting the incidence of DHF including clean and healthy living behavior in the household, poverty, population density, rainfall in East Java on 2014––2017. Panel regression analysis is used to determine the best model of the CEM, FEM and REM using Chow test, Hausman test and Langrange Multiplier test. Based on the results, the best model of panel regression is FEM with affecting variables such as poverty, population density, and rainfall.