OBJECTIVE
To find out the rate of comorbidities of depression, anxiety disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with epilepsy and to analyze the relevant affecting factors and impacts on quality of life.

METHOD
Totally 142 children with various types of epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessment with the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, an 18-item parent-rated questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, the quality of life was measured in 100 cases on antiepileptic medications by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). The comorbidity rates were calculated using t-test, chi(2) test and multiple logistic analysis, the variables associated with psychiatric comorbidities were determined, and the impact on quality of life was analyzed.

RESULT
(1) The total rate of emotional and behavioral comorbidities was 57.7% (82/142), the frequency of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was 14.8%, 44.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The suicidal ideation occasionally occurred in 5.6% of the cases and 0.7% of cases often had the ideation, but no suicidal action was found in any case. (2) Risk factors for the emotional and behavioral disorders: multiple logistic analysis indicated that age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables were not relative to the comorbidities, P > 0.05, there were interactions among the disorders. (3) The impact on the quality of life: The emotional and behavioral conditions were associated with the low quality of life, which was significantly lower in epileptic children with co-morbid disorder compared to non-comorbidities epilepsy group. Especially negative impact on the total score of quality of life and four sub-items such as overall quality, emotional well-being, cognitive and social function, P < 0.001. There were also significant differences between the two groups in the other three sub-items including fear for seizure attack, energy/fatigue and medication effects (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of emotional and behavioral disorders including depress disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was considerably high in children with epilepsy. Age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables are not associated with the emotional and behavioral comorbidities, which interfere with each other. Emotional and behavioral disorder is one of the negative factors to the quality of life in epileptic patients. Neuropsychological assessment and treatment are important for improvement of the quality of life in children with epilepsy.


With growing concerns about environmental issues like climate change, energy efficiency has become crucial. In this framework, the regeneration of the braking energy of trains into electricity is a promising source to highly increase energy efficiency. The focus of this paper is to Design and Control a Direct Current (DC) Grid integrated in urban railway station, the solution consists in recovering and storing trains braking energy into a hybrid storage system and reusing it for non-railway applications such as loads in a train station and electric vehicles and their recharging plants. To attain this goal, the main points are power management and voltage control for the DC MicroGrid, and improving the dynamic performance of the system. These are obtained by controlling the energy storage system.


PURPOSE
The degree of food insecurity and dietary intake was examined in adult Colombians who are new immigrants to Canada and use a food bank.

METHODS
In-person surveys were conducted on a convenience sample of 77 adult Colombian immigrant food bank users in London, Ontario. Degree of food insecurity was measured by the Radimer/Cornell questionnaire, food intakes by 24-hour recall, sociodemographics, and questionnaires about changes in dietary patterns before and after immigration.

RESULTS
Thirty-six men and 41 women participated in the study. Despite being highly educated, all respondents had experienced some form of food insecurity within the previous 30 days. The degree of food insecurity seems to be inversely associated with income and length of residency in Canada. Total daily energy intake was low, with a mean value of 1,568.3 +/- 606.0 kcal (6,217.5 +/- 2,336.4 kJ). In particular, a large proportion of participants consumed a diet low in fruits and vegetables (73%) and milk and dairy products (58%).

CONCLUSIONS
Colombian immigrant food bank users new to Canada experience various degrees of food insecurity, which is associated with inadequate food intake. Interventions are needed to assist this population with adapting to society while concurrently sustaining healthy eating patterns.


A simple and reproducible pretreatment method was developed for the determination of dioxins in milk sample. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used for the initial extraction of the analyte from milk. For the elimination of interferences coextracted from milk, acid treatment followed by multilayer silica gel, and then alumina column clean-up were performed. The clean extract could be obtained without carbon column or high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) clean-up procedure. Polychlorinated biphenyles (PCBs) and dioxins were separated on neutral alumina activated at 180 ℃ for 12 hours. The final extract was analyzed by HPLC and high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The recovery of dioxins spiked in milk at 75-300 ppt level was 83.3-98.9% and their relative standard deviation was 4.1-14%.


This guide introduces students to some general sources for finding Pro and Con information useful for argumentative and persuasive reports.


A low platelet count characterises thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenic disorders (dengue, chikungunya, malaria, etc.) are on the rise in cities. This is now present in over 125 countries. Low platelet counts are caused primarily by decreased platelet generation and increased platelet degradation. It has been shown in several research that papaya leaf extract may increase platelet count. The major objective of the proposed research was to examine the haematology and histopathology of different organs for any adverse effects of Carica papaya leaf extract on raising platelet count in induced thrombocytopenic experimental animals. To test whether a rise in platelet count was present, papaya leaves were macerated in a mixture of nhexane, acetone, ethanol, and methanol in distilled water for 8 h using a Soxhlet device. Toxicologists may benefit from experimental animal haematological and histopathological studies.


This study assesses the extent of regulation of in-migration of professionals into ASEAN countries. The focus is on two selected sectors, health care and information technology (IT). Both sectors have been given special attention in regional trade negotiations which seek to increase the mobility of professionals in ASEAN. The study is set in the framework of rising demand for more skilled manpower, associated with rapid economic growth and a high income elasticity of demand for services. We develop measures to assess the extent of regulation of in-migration in recipient countries, as well as the depth of commitments to the mobility of professionals under Mode 4. The study links several indices of regulation to stages of economic development. It finds that the more advanced countries in ASEAN tend to have made more liberal commitments under Mode 4. They also had more liberal regimes for international movements of skilled manpower in both health and IT. However there was less difference between more and less developed countries regarding general visa and work permit arrangements. Finally, because of their greater social significance, regulations related to the migration of health professionals tended to be more restrictive than for IT professionals.


Purpose: Many governments are working toward a vision of government-wide transformation that strives to achieve an open, transparent and accountable government while providing responsive services. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of transparency-by-design to advance open government. Design/methodology/approach: The opening of data, the deployment of tools and instruments to engage the public, collaboration among public organizations and between governments and the public are important drivers for open government. The authors review transparency-by-design concepts. Findings: To successfully achieve open government, fundamental changes in practice and new research on governments as open systems are needed. In particular, the creation of "transparency-by-design" is a key aspect in which transparency is a key system development requirement, and the systems ensure that data are disclosed to the public for creating transparency. Research limitations/implications: Although transparency-by-design is an intuitive concept, more research is needed in what constitutes information and communication technology-mediated transparency and how it can be realized. Practical implications: Governments should embrace transparency-by-design to open more data sets and come closer to achieving open government. Originality/value: Transparency-by-design is a new concept that has not given any attention yet in the literature.


The goal of the work described in this paper is to design and build a scalable infrastructure for executing grid applications on a widely distributed set of resources. Such grid infrastructure must be decentralized, robust, highly available, and scalable, while efficiently mapping application instances to available resources in the system. However, current desktop grid computing platforms are typically based on a client-server architecture, which has inherent shortcomings with respect to robustness, reliability and scalability. Fortunately, these problems can be addressed through the capabilities promised by new techniques and approaches in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. By employing P2P services, our system allows users to submit jobs to be run in the system and to run jobs submitted by other users on any resources available in the system, essentially allowing a group of users to form an ad-hoc set of shared resources. The initial target application areas for the desktop grid system are in astronomy and space science simulation and data analysis.


All speech recognition systems, whether speaker-independent or speakerdependent, require large amounts of training data to estimate the model parameters and, generally, the more training data available, the better the recognition performance. To improve the recognition performance of a system for a new speaker without having to train entirely new models, adapting the existing models during the recognition process is a practical solution. This report describes an investigation into the subject of recognition-time speaker adaptation of a tied-mixture HMM recognition system, with the goal of implementing a system which adapts to a new speaker during the course of its usage.


An analysis of modern methods of diagnostics such as morphological, immunohistochemical and spectral, which included the bronchoscopy and spectrometry by using reflectance and autofluorescent regime, was made. The data involved the results of prospective follow-up study of 167 patients (620 biopsies). An obligatory spectrometry of suspicious area was carried out before the forceps biopsy. The microslides, which met the requirements of criteria of one of the carcinogen steps (n=201), were subjected to the in-depth morphological and immunohistochemical investigations. The tendency of angiogenesis (CD31 and CD34), proliferative activity (Ki-67), level of apoptosis (P53), EGFR expression were estimated. The sensitivity of combined endoscopic method was 94,74% by specificity 79,95% and high prognostic value of negative endoscopic diagnosis - 99,4%.


Predictions from a new next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation for direct and resolved photoproduction of one and two jets are compared to simulated HERA data. We propose a method to match experimental and theoretical jet deenitions and observe a reduced dependence on jet deenitions and hadroniza-tion corrections at larger transverse energies. From the irreducible uncertainty, we estimate the maximum beneet that can be obtained from increased luminosity to constrain the structure of the photon and the proton.


Recently, the polysilicon thin film transistors(TFTs) have been intensively investigated for large-area devices and VLSI applications. However, due to the existence of trap states at the grain boundaries, the operation mechanism of polysilicon TFT is complicated and is still not fully understood. This causes the difficulties in optimizing the polysilicon TFT structure and parameters for device and circuit design. Therefore, it is valuable to develop a simple analytical model for the polysilicon TFT to quickly estimate the effects of trap states on device performance. In previous studies on the analytical modeling of polysilicon TFT, no trap energy.levels were taken into account and the simulated results can not well agree with experimental data in a wide range of bias and temperature[ 1-21. In this work, an analytical model for the above-threshold characteristics of polysilicon TFT is developed. This model was constructed by taking the barrier potential and carrier trapping effect at grain boundaries of the channel into account. A band tail state located at E,-O.lSeV was found to be dominant on the above-threshold characteristics of polysilicon TFTs. The simulated results show excellent agreement with the measured values in a wide range of gate and drain bias for various temperature. The cross sectional view of polysilicon TFT and the energy band diagram oE the channel under a IOW and a high gate bias are shown in Fig.1. At a low gate bias, the gate induced carrier concentration n is smaller than the critical concentration n* and the channel is fully depleted. In this case, the available free carrier for conduction in channel is very small. While at a high gate bias, the gate induced carrier concentration is larger than n* and the channel is partially depleted. In this case, the free carrier concentration is not only dependent on the trap-states density but atso on the position of the trap-level with respect to the Fermi-level. Based on symmetrical semiconductor-to-semiconductor junction model, the effective free concentration can be calculated[3]. The ratio of the effective free carrier concentration neff to gate-induced carrier concentration is shown in Fig.2 as a function of gate voltage. The ratio is small for large N, devices, especially at the low gate bias. Using the gradual channel approximation, the drain current can be wlcuiated as


Following the growing interest in corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Committee on Consumer Policy (ISO/COPOLCO) opened the discussion about the feasibility of CSR management system standard. In this paper, we investigate the underlying issues that shape the development of CSR standard. Based on our case study research, we provide a framework for organisations to establish, manage, improve and document a CSR management system. This framework is based on process and systems thinking and analogous to ISO 9001:2000 adding significantly to existing definitive management frameworks. Finally, we outline areas for further research and indicate substantial managerial implications.


We describe the conceptual design of the vacuum system of the 3 GeV electron storage ring in the MAX IV facility currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. The standard vacuum chambers are for the most part a cylindrical copper tube with 11 mm inner radius whereas stainless steel will be used at selected locations for beam position monitors, bellows and corrector vacuum chambers. In order to cope with the low vacuum conductance, distributed pumping will be provided through NEG coating of all chambers, including those in dipole magnets making MAX IV the first storage ring to be fully NEG coated. We present the mechanical and thermal design of these chambers and discuss the challenges involved in extracting insertion device radiation as well as coping with the heat load from both IDs and bending magnets in a machine with large bending radius, narrow chambers and tight mechanical tolerance requirements.


Background Discussions of phenotypic robustness often consider scenarios where invariant phenotypes are optimal and assume that developmental mechanisms have evolved to buffer the phenotypes of specific traits against stochastic and environmental perturbations. However, plastic plant phenotypes that vary between environments or variable phenotypes that vary stochastically within an environment may also be advantageous in some scenarios. (cid:2) Scope Here the conditions under which invariant, plastic and variable phenotypes of specific traits may confer a selective advantage in plants are examined. Drawing on work from microbes and multicellular organisms, the mechanisms that may give rise to each type of phenotype are discussed. (cid:2) Conclusion In contrast to the view of robustness as being the ability of a genotype to produce a single, invariant phenotype, changes in a phenotype in response to the environment, or phenotypic variability within an environment, may also be delivered consistently (i.e. robustly). Thus, for some plant traits, mechanisms have probably evolved to produce plasticity or variability in a reliable manner.


Under different conditions, the highest detection probability should be acquired while receiving laser echo during laser pulse range finding. The threshold voltage of the signal detection can be set corresponding to different conditions by using resistor network. As a feedback loop, automatic noise threshold circuit could change the threshold voltage following the noise level. The threshold can track the noise closely, rapidly and accurately by adopting this combination. Therefore, the receiving capability of laser echo receiving system will be maximized, and it can detect weaker laser pulse from noise.


Motivated by recent advancements in text-to-image diffusion, we study erasure of specific concepts from the model's weights. While Stable Diffusion has shown promise in producing explicit or realistic artwork, it has raised concerns regarding its potential for misuse. We propose a fine-tuning method that can erase a visual concept from a pre-trained diffusion model, given only the name of the style and using negative guidance as a teacher. We benchmark our method against previous approaches that remove sexually explicit content and demonstrate its effectiveness, performing on par with Safe Latent Diffusion and censored training. To evaluate artistic style removal, we conduct experiments erasing five modern artists from the network and conduct a user study to assess the human perception of the removed styles. Unlike previous methods, our approach can remove concepts from a diffusion model permanently rather than modifying the output at the inference time, so it cannot be circumvented even if a user has access to model weights. Our code, data, and results are available at https://erasing.baulab.info/


From the Publisher:
Welcome to Release 2.1, Esther Dyson's fascinating exploration of life in our new digital society. In this provocative and timely book, Dyson - an entrepreneur, high-tech industry analyst, government adviser, and Net expert - examines the impact and implications of cyberspace, challenging us to think intelligently about its effect on every aspect of our private and public lives, from businesses to government to education. Written with an insider's knowledge and ready wit, and filled with anecdotes about the movers and shakers behind the products and politics of the computer industry, Release 2.1 presents us with a hard-hitting message: With the advent of the Internet, we all have both the opportunity and the obligation to shape the new rules we want to live by.


Aim: To study the patterns of recurrence of carcinoma in mastectomy scars.
Methods: A 30?year retrospective analysis was carried out as regards surgical specimens . of mastectomy scars received by the author from numerous surgeons working in several hospitals with special reference to patients of the Igbo ethnic group.
Results: During 1970?2000, 45 Igbo women developed recurrent disease after undergoing mastectomy for carcinoma. They were aged between 24 and 67 years, the average being 44.6 years which is similar to 45.3 years reported from Japan. Disease free interval ranged from 3 months to 7 years. Incidentally, a woman, who was free for 10 years, presented with three painful nodules which were excised for presumed recurrence " but these turned out not to be cancerous but considerable scar tissue associated with abscesses, calcific materials and disintegrated sutures. The youngest Igbo patient, aged 24 years, was of the same age as the youngest sufferer in a Swedish series. Interestingly, this same age featured in a historical case of recurrent breast cancer reported way back in 1876.
Conclusions: Surgical specimens received from 20 surgeons working in 13 hospitals situated in 9 towns provided a wide enough spectrum for epidemiological comparison with world?wide publications. It is concluded that the research is in agreement with two needs expressed in the literature, namely, "cancer of the breast (should be) evaluated and treated in a rather stable community" and "there is need for international comparative .studies." Key Words: Breast Carcinoma, Mastectomy, Recurrence, Igbos. Journal of College of Medicine Vol.9(1) 2004: 1-3


Since 1987 the Region of Tuscany has been actively monitoring crown status in its forests, in order to protect them from atmospheric pollution, biotic factors and environmental change. Over this period the Region has performed periodical inventories on crown condition in publicly-owned forests (Level I network) and established a network of permanent plots (MON.I.TO., Level II – III) to study long-term changes occurring in forest ecosystems. Some of these permanent plots were later included in the national programme CONECOFOR, managed by the Ministry for Policy in Agriculture and Forest. Currently a further development of MON.I.TO. is being implemented, called MONITO III – TOpModel, the aim of which is to broaden the information potential of the monitoring system to include carbon stocks and biodiversity evaluation. This paper provides an up-to-date report on the status of the various surveys and recommends a closer connection between MON.I.TO. and the other regional information systems, especially the Regional Forest Inventory, in order to produce information that may be useful in forest planning and in Sustainable Forest Management.


A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Autism Society of Malaysia. The objective of the study was to report the physical health status of children with autism in Malaysia. Sixty–nine children participated in study. Each child underwent a routine medical and oral health examination. Significant variation in weight, and oral health status was observed in the participants. As per CDC weight chart, 17% of the study populations were observed to be obese, 4% were overweight and 9% were underweight. Participants were also screened for routine medical examination for lung, heart and abdomen abnormalities. All were reported normal except 25% of study group showed low blood pressure. An examination of the oral health status of the participants revealed that 35% had plaque; 7% had calculus and 25% showed caries.


Background An epidemiological study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in primary care was performed using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Method The GPRD was screened between 1988 and 1994 for newly diagnosed cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The validity of the computer diagnosis was established by obtaining clinical details from a random sample of the general practitioners (GPs). Results Incidence rates for detection of cases by GPs in 1993 was 4.2 per 100 000 population for anorexia nervosa and 12.2 per 100 000 for bulimia nervosa The relative risks of females to males was 40:1 for anorexia nervosa and 47:1 for bulimia nervosa A threefold increase in the recording of bulimia nervosa was found from 1988 to 1993. Eighty per cent of anorexia nervosa cases and 60% of bulimia nervosa cases were referred to secondary care. Conclusion There is a continuing expansion of service need for bulimia nervosa The majority of cases of eating disorders are referred to secondary services. There is scope for more effective management of bulimia nervosa in primary care.


Gediz lignite, Denizli peat, and several lignite-peat blends were pyrolyzed in a thermobalance apparatus at atmospheric pressure. Experiments were conducted at non-isothermal conditions in the pyrolysis temperature interval of 293-1173 K under an argon atmosphere with a heating rate of 30 K/min. A decrease in both relative volatile matter yields and total conversion percentage of the sample with the increase in the blending ratio of lignite to peat was determined. TG and DTG data were analyzed by a first-order reaction rate model. Apparent activation energies of the lignite and peat were calculated as 17.52 kJ/mol and 52.09 kJ/mol, respectively. Effects of blending ratio of lignite to peat on kinetic parameters were investigated and the results was discussed.


A method is described of calibrating the Kofranyi-Michaelis (KM) respirometer under normal laboratory conditions using expired air from a subject exercising in the steady state. During the calibration procedure the KM is connected to the subject via a valve and respiratory tubing and placed in a large airtight Perspex box from which an outlet tube passes to a Douglas bag. Calibration is made by comparing during a given time the content and volume of expired air in the Douglas bag with that passing through the meter at several different exercise flow rates. An example of a typical calibration experiment is given.


Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a granulomatous vasculitis of the large vessels, mainly involving the aorta and its branches. The disease has diverse manifestations across various ethnic populations. The epidemiological profile of TA has not been well established in India, with existing studies demonstrating varied clinical findings. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, hospital record-based study, 30 TA patients, meeting 1990, American College of Rheumatology criteria for TA, were included. The study intended to characterize the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, imaging findings, and management profiles of TA, amongst patients presenting to the rheumatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in India. Results: The mean age at presentation was 26.4 ± 11.4 years. The male to female ratio was 1:5. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to point of diagnosis was 8.7 ±5.7 years. Upper limb claudication was the most frequent symptom seen in 23/30 (76.7%) patients, followed by syncope in 12/30 patients (79%). The most common arteries involved were the subclavian artery, carotid artery and the renal arteries (counted together). Type 1 and Type V were the most common angiographic subtypes, each seen in ten (33.3%) patients. Methotrexate was the most frequently used conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (csDMARD) and was used in 27/30 (90%) patients. A total of five (16.7%) patients required biological DMARDs (bDMARD) in view of refractory disease, four patients received tocilizumab while one patient received infliximab. Conclusion: TA is a female predominant, large vessel vasculitis. The subclavian arteries, followed by the common carotid and the renal arteries, are the most common vessels involved. Tocilizumab is fast emerging as an effective bDMARD for disease control especially in csDMARD refractory cases.


Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside that is widely used in neonatology in spite of its known nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Because there are only few cases reported in the literature experience with gentamicin overdosage is limited. We report the case of a preterm (gestational age 32+2 weeks) infant with an accidental administration of a ten-fold dose of gentamicin. The baby was treated with a slight increase of fluid intake and monitoring of renal function and gentamicin levels, respectively. A rapid decrease of the gentamicin level (peak level 44.5 mg/L, extrapolated peak level 65 mg/L) was observed. Nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity did not occur. Because of the small number of described cases, a general recommendation for the management of gentamicin intoxication is not possible. The intensity of treatment depends on renal function and gentamicin level. Only isolated patients will need dialysis or exchange transfusion. The case also demonstrates the need for the continuous discussion about hospital-associated damage and error management systems.


We present the results of high-level electronic structure and dynamics simulations of the photoactive protein Dreiklang. With the goal of understanding the details of the Dreiklang photocycle, we carefully characterize the excited states of the ON- and OFF-forms of Dreiklang. The key finding of our study is the existence of a low-lying excited state of a charge-transfer character in the neutral ON form and that population of this state, which is nearly isoenergetic with the locally excited bright state, initiates a series of steps that ultimately lead to the formation of the hydrated dark chromophore (OFF state). These results allow us to refine the mechanistic picture of Dreiklang's photocycle and photoactivation.


In computer vision, video segmentation and tracking is an important challenging issue. In this paper, we describe a new video sequences segmentation and tracking algorithm based on MAS "multi-agent systems" and SURF "Speeded Up Robust Features". Our approach consists in modelling a multi-agent system for segmenting the first image from a video sequence and tracking objects in the video sequences. The used agents are supervisor and explorator agents, they are communicating between them and they inspire in their behavior from active contours approaches. The tracking of objects is based on SURF descriptors "Speed Up Robust Features". We used the DIMA platform and "API Ateji PX" (an extension of the Java language to facilitate parallel programming on heterogeneous architectures) to implement this algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more robust and faster than previous approaches.


Decoupling the permanent identifier of a node from the node's topology-dependent address is a promising approach toward completely scalable self-organizing networks. A group of proposals that have adopted such an approach use the same structure to: address nodes, perform routing, and implement location service. In this way, the consistency of the routing protocol relies on the coherent sharing of the addressing space among all nodes in the network. Such proposals use a logical tree-like structure where routes in this space correspond to routes in the physical level. The advantage of tree-like spaces is that it allows for simple address assignment and management. Nevertheless, it has low route selection flexibility, which results in low routing performance and poor resilience to failures. In this paper, we propose to increase the number of paths using incomplete hypercubes. The design of more complex structures, like multi-dimensional Cartesian spaces, improves the resilience and routing performance due to the flexibility in route selection. We present a framework for using hypercubes to implement indirect routing. This framework allows to give a solution adapted to the dynamics of the network, providing a proactive and reactive routing protocols, our major contributions. We show that, contrary to traditional approaches, our proposal supports more dynamic networks and is more robust to node failures.


Drug resistance is a common barrier to continued effective treatment in cancer. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKIs) exhibit good efficacy in cancer treatment until acquired resistance occurs. It has been observed that drug resistance is accompanied by numerous molecular-level changes, including significant shifts in cellular metabolism. The purpose of this study was to critically and systematically review the published literature with respect to how metabolism differs in drug-resistant compared to drug-sensitive NSCLC. Understanding the differences between resistant and sensitive cells is vital and has the potential to allow interventions that enable the re-sensitisation of resistant cells to treatment, and consequently reinitiate the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. The main literature search was performed using relevant keywords in PubMed and Ovid (Medline) and reviewed using the Covidence platform. Of the 1331 potentially relevant literature records retrieved, 27 studies were subsequently selected for comprehensive analysis. Collectively, the literature revealed that NSCLC cell lines resistant to EGFR-TKI treatment possess characteristic metabolic and lipidomic phenotypic signatures that differentiate them from sensitive lines. Further exploration of these reported differences suggests that drug-resistant cell lines are differentially reliant on cellular energy sources and that modulation of relative energy production pathways may lead to the reversal of drug resistance.


The treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur, like that of fractures of other limb segments has evolved considerably since the last world conflict. Orthopedic treatment, long advocated as the sole therapeutic method, has been largely supplanted by surgical treatment, in particular stable elastic medullary anchorage (ECMES) developed since the nancial school in children over 6 years of age [1].
In sub-Saharan Africa, as in the Central African Republic (CAR), a developing country, the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur remains in the majority of cases orthopedic considering the very low income of parents, pediatric surgeons in small numbers and the unavailability of osteosynthesis equipment. The ECMES technique was first tested in Bangui in 2005 at the Pediatric Complex at the surgical clinic.
In this context, the purpose of this work is to assess the results of the different treatment methods used in the service.


This chapter introduces the purpose of the book and outlines its structure. It explains how each chapter seeks to both frame the current and emerging state of play in its field and then suggest research topics that will help further the development of more effective transport policies. The importance of integrated approaches to transport policy and planning is a common theme, both within the transport sector and to areas like land use, housing and related matters. Disruptive change, another common theme of the book, only serves to emphasize the importance of integrated thinking.


Bond strength is one of the most important properties of an impregnating material. This property can be measured by a number of test methods. The main question needing to be answered is which method provides the most accurate values in the most reasonable amount of test time. This paper is a reevaluation of three methods which have moved into the foreground as being the best methods for testing this property. The methods are: 1.) The Helical Coil Method 2.) The Twisted Coil Method, and 3.) The Bundle Method Each method was analyzed for consistency of data and time requirements for performing the test. Results show that the Helical Coil and the Twisted Coil methods were equal in almost all areas of comparison. There was one area, identification of solventless materials, which shows a preference for the twisted coil method. The bundle method showed poor correlation to either of the other methods. The information presented in this paper will identify the similarities and differences between the methods. The conclusions will show the reasons for support of the Helical Coil and the Twisted Coil Methods.


In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Rhetinolepis lonadioides collected from southwestern Algeria were assessed. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. In total, thirty-two compounds were identified representing 80.00% of the total of the EO, withβ-Pinene (41.85%) being the major monoterpenes. Phenanthroquinone (10.39%) and Ethanone, 1-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl- (2.66%) were the main oxygenated monoterpenes, and the diterpene hydrocarbons were mainly represented by m-Camphorene (5.43%). Six EO samples of R. lionadioides collected in location exhibited similar chemical composition evidencing a chemical homogeneity. The agar disc diffusion method showed that R. lonadioides EO was effective against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus with diameters of inhibition ranging from 17±2.65 to 12.33±1.13 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were between 4 and 10 µL /mL. The lowest MIC values (4.0 µL/mL) were measured for Bacillus cereus.


Purpose of reviewGut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, but this ecosystem remains incompletely characterized and shows a wide diversity. This review discusses new findings that may explain how gut microbiota can be involved in the control of energy and metabolic homeostasis. Recent findingsOver the past 5 years studies have highlighted some key aspects of the mammalian host–gut microbial relationship. Gut microbiota could now be considered a 'microbial organ' placed within a host organ. Recent data suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota affects host metabolism and has an impact on energy storage. Several mechanisms are proposed that link events occurring in the colon and the regulation of energy metabolism. SummaryGut microflora may play an even more important role in maintaining human health than previously thought. The literature provides new evidence that the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes cannot be attributed solely to changes in the human genome, nutritional habits, or reduction of physical activity in our daily lives. One must also consider this important new environmental factor, namely gut microbiota. Scientists may take into consideration a key question: could we manipulate the microbiotic environment to treat or prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes? This opens up a new area in nutrition research.


Partial Networking, as a mechanism for moving-to-sleep and waking-up embedded systems, is beneficial for saving energy within a vehicle (or within other complex distributed systems). Even though a number of models exist which identify benefits of partial networking, they often address rather specific cases. Moreover, these fragmented efforts do not necessarily make explicit which methodological steps were taken. Explicating and analysing methodologies of existing research is beneficial to construct an overarching structure how to estimate potential energy savings for partial networking implementations. This structure can be used to select which steps to take to investigate the savings, and how to construct an argument for presenting the findings. This paper describes initial results of such a research. It reviews several models, illuminates their (sometimes not explicitly documented) methods, and outlines a generalized sequence for estimating partial networking benefits. Besides, it provides a list of questions to consider when introducing partial networking. The outlined methods and the analysis can be of interest to other domains interested in energy savings, such as smart grids, smart cities, and internet of things.


The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) varies significantly among different patient populations. We aimed to summarise AMR prevalence data from screening studies in different patient settings in Switzerland and to identify surveillance gaps.We performeda systematic review, searching Pubmed,MEDLINE, Embase (01/2000–05/2017) and conference proceedings for Swiss studies reporting on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), mobilised colistin-resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) within different patient settings. We identified 2345 references and included 46 studies. For acute care patients, most screening data come from admission screenings, whereas AMR prevalence among hospitalised patients is largely unknown. Universal admission screenings showed ESBL-prevalences of 5–8% and MRSA-prevalences of 2–5%. For targeted screening, ESBL-prevalence ranged from 14–21%; MRSA-prevalence from 1–4%. For refugees, high ESBL (9–24%) and MRSA (16–24%) carriage rates were reported; returning travellers were frequently (68–80%) colonised with ESBL. Screening data for other pathogens, long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and pediatric populations were scarce. This review confirms high ESBLand MRSA-carriage rates for risk populations in Switzerland. Emerging pathogens (CPE andVRE) and certain populations (inpatients, LTCF residents and children) are understudied.We encourage epidemiologists and public health authorities to consider these findings in the planning of future surveillance studies.


Objective:
To compare the pattern of complications of open vs laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Materials and Methods:
A Randomized Controlled Trial was carried out at the Department of Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2019 to July 2019 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 200 patients (100 in each group) with the indication of cholecystectomy fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The complications were observed and plotted in terms of frequencies and percentages; were compared through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.
Results:
A total of 200 patients with indication of cholecystectomy were operated on, which were divided into two equal groups. The mean age was 42.14 years ±9.34 2SD. Out of 200 patients, 21% were male while 79% were female. No common bile duct, duodenal or colonic injuries were noticed while wound infection was reported more in the open group (5%). Intraoperative bleeding (02%) and gallbladder perforation (10%) was seen more in the LC group as compared to the open group with a 1% occurrence of such complications.
Conclusion:
The open technique will remain valid as long as the laparoscopic technique remains in motion since the laparoscopic technique has shortfalls that are managed by the open approach only. Thus, the importance of both techniques is justified.


An overview of various sperm tests is presented. The standard semen analysis obtained by most clinicians evaluating infertility usually consists of sperm concentration, percent motility, quality of motility, and sperm morphology. Unfortunately, unless the motile density is extremely low, the count and motility are not good prognosticators of fertility potential. Values above the norm for normal fertile couples unfortunately cannot reliably predict normal fertility potential. It is important to find sperm tests that are easy to perform, are relatively inexpensive, and provide an accurate prognosis. Strict morphology was hoped to be such a tool with initial optimism that it was far superior to standard morphology. Unfortunately, this test also failed to be the ideal inexpensive prognostic test after further evaluation. One test that is inexpensive and highly correlates with fertilizability is the presence of antisperm antibodies since their presence frequently does not alter count, motility, or morphology. This test should be performed as part of the routine semen analysis. Other tests highly correlate with the achievement of pregnancy and are simple and inexpensive to perform, but, interestingly, do not correlate with fertilizability. These include the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and the sperm stress test. Abnormalities in these tests imply a different abnormality of sperm that leads to conception failure and that is the transfer of a toxic factor from the sperm to oocyte to embryo that prevents the embryo from implanting. Certainly, the simple, inexpensive HOST should be performed routinely. Other tests of sperm function, e.g., sperm penetration assay, sperm-zona pellucida binding assay, and acrosome reaction, have their definite place in the evaluation of the infertile male. However, because they are expensive and difficulty to perform they lend themselves to certain specific circumstances but not to routine testing.


Many discussions on design theory applications within military contexts often revolve around a small population of design practitioners using complex terms and exclusive language, contrasted by a larger population of design skeptics that routinely demand a universal, scripted, and complete examples for "doing design right."1 Design, a form of conceptual planning and sense making, continues to gain traction in strategic political and military institutions, yet faces misunderstanding, disinterest, and outright rejection from military strategists and operational planners for a variety of reasons. This article aims at moving this discourse toward how several design theory concepts are valuable for strategists and decision makers, and how select design concepts might be introduced and applied in a simple language where military practitioners can traverse from strategic intent into operational applications with tangible results. As a lead planner for the Afghan Security Force reduction concept and the 2014 (NTM-A) Transition Plan, I applied design to strategic and operational level planning using these design concepts as well as others.2This article takes three design concepts that do not exist in current military doctrine, provides a brief explanation on what they are, and how military practitioners might apply them in strategic planning and military decision-making efforts drawing from real-world applications in Afghanistan. Design theory, as a much broader discipline, spans theories and concepts well beyond the boundaries of any military design doctrine.31 introduce these non-doctrinal concepts intentionally to foster discourse, not to provide a roadmap or checklist on how to "do design" by simply adding these to all future planning sessions. What may have worked in one planning session on reducing Afghan security forces beyond 2015 may be an incompatible design approach for influencing Mexican drug cartels this year, or appreciating yet another emergent problem in Africa. Complex, adaptive problems demand tailored and novel approaches. Diplomats, strategists and operational planners across our military and instruments of national power might use these concepts, along with other useful design approaches, in their efforts to fuse conceptual and detailed planning in uncertain conflict environments.Narratives: A Different Way to Think about Uncertainty and ComplexityBoth our military and political institutions uses the term "narrative" in a literal sense within traditional planning lexicon and doctrine, whereas design theory looks to the conceptual work by literary historians and theorists such as Hayden White as a useful alternative.4 One definition does not substitute for the other; the military's tactical version is distinct from the post-modern one introduced here. We shall call these "design narratives" to make the distinction clear. These design narratives are not included in any military doctrine, which helps illustrate how incomplete our individual service efforts to encapsulate design are for military planners.White proposes that a design narrative is something beyond the direct control of an organization or society. We do not construct our narratives as a story unfolds, nor do we often realize that we perceive reality through powerful institutional filters that transpose symbols, values, and culture onto how we will interpret events unfolding.5 Instead, design narratives pre-configure (form in advance) how and why a series of events will form into a story.6 These stories have particular and often enduring meanings and structure that resonate within an organization or group due to shared values and culture. While the details within the narrative will contain the familiar specifics such as facts, information, plot structure, and the sequence of events that unite the information into a contained "story", they do not establish the overarching explanation. Instead, our organization pre-configures the information as a narrative unit, or genre, often regardless of the information as it unfolds in time and space. …


ABSTRACT The extraction of marine environment distinctions is of utmost importance to the development of marine economy and environmental conservation. Traditional extraction method has some defects such as less observation data, large time span and vulnerability to vile weather on the ocean. The eCongnition remote sensing technology features fast classification, high precision and rises superior to the bad weather of the ocean. This paper attempts to apply the eCongnition remote sensing technology to the extraction of marine environment features in order to seek out its changing laws. The findings show that the eCongnition remote sensing technology can analyze the spectral, spatial and textural identities of the ocean. By extracting the characteristics of offshore fishery resources and ocean surface wind speed information, it is found that the marine fishery has a direct bearing on the marine environment factors, i.e. the surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration. The optimal ocean surface temperature is 29.5°C, and the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration is 0.4 mg/m3; the greater the distance from the sea level, the higher the wind speed on the ocean surface. Experimentally, this study provides the clues to the application of eCongnition remote sensing technology in marine feature extraction. Zhang, X.-L.; Li, Z.; Li, D., and He, Y.-K., 2019. Marine environment distinctions and change law based on eCongnition remote sensing technology. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 107–111. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.


Objectives:
Nocturnal aircraft noise induces sleep disturbances and is associated with impaired quality of life. The magnitude of physiological and psychological responses to noise varies among individuals. Stable individual vulnerabilities have been reported for aircraft noise induced awakenings. To date it is unknown, whether the subjective attitude towards air traffic and residents' sleep quality impact on each other.

Methods:
Seventy-four out of 81 investigated residents around Frankfurt Airport (Germany) rated their attitude towards air traffic (from 1 = negative to 5 = positive; negative attitude: score ≤ 2, N=28, mean age 44 ± 16 years; moderate to positive attitude: score > 3, N=46, mean age 44 ± 15 years) and evaluated its necessity (from 1 = not necessary to 5 = highly necessary; no to moderate necessity: score ≤ 3, N=22, mean age 45 ± 10 years; high necessity: score > 3, N=52, mean age 43 ± 17 years). In addition, polysomnographical recordings were obtained in residents' home environment. These investigations were part of the NORAH sleep study in 2012.

Results:
Significant impairments in sleep quality (prolonged sleep onset latency, increased wake after sleep onset, reduced sleep efficiency, and less deep sleep) were found for participants with a negative attitude towards air traffic. The judgement of no or moderate necessity of air traffic was associated with a significantly reduced deep sleep duration.

Conclusions:
Residents' subjective attitude towards air traffic and their objective sleep quality are related. Cause and effect in this relationship remain to be identified.


Depolarization behavior is one of the main shortcomings of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ceramics. Considering the undesirable efficiency of traditional modification methods, in this paper a series of 0–3 type ceramic composites 0.85(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.11(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3-0.04BaTiO3-x mol% ZnO (BNKT-BT-xZnO)) were synthesized by introducing ZnO nanoparticles. The results of the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrate that the majority of ZnO nanoparticles grow together to form enrichment regions, and the other Zn2+ ions diffuse into the matrix after sintering. With ZnO incorporated, the ferroelectric–ergodic relaxor transition temperature, TF-R, and depolarization temperature, Td, increase to above 120 °C and 110 °C, respectively. The research on temperature-dependent P–E loops verifies an attenuated ergodic degree induced by ZnO incorporation. For this reason, piezoelectric properties can be well-maintained below 110 °C. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to investigate the stress effect. Orientation maps reveal the random orientation of all grains, excluding the impact of texture on depolarization. The local misorientation image shows that more pronounced strain appears near the boundaries, implying stress is more concentrated there. This phenomenon supports the hypothesis that potential stress suppresses depolarization. These results demonstrate that the depolarization behavior is significantly improved by the introduction of ZnO. The composites BNKT-BT-xZnO are promising candidates of lead-free ceramics for practical application in the future.


BACKGROUND
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy characterized by the production of various cytokines possibly involved in immune deregulation. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels have been associated with clinical outcome in patients with HL. Because host genetic variations are known to alter the expression and function of cytokines and their receptors, we investigated whether genetic variations influence clinical outcome of patients with HL.

METHODS
A total of 301 patients with HL who were treated within randomized trials by the German Hodgkin Study Group were included in this exploratory retrospective study. Gene variations of IL-10 (IL-10(-597AC), rs1800872; IL-10(-824CT), rs1800871; IL-10(-1087AG), rs1800896; IL-10(-3538AT), rs1800890; IL-10(-6208CG), rs10494879; IL-10(-6752AT), rs6676671; IL-10(-7400InDel)), IL-13 (IL-13(-1069CT), rs1800925; IL-13(Q144R), rs20541), and IL-4R (IL-4R(I75V), rs1805010; IL-4R(Q576R), rs1801275) were genotyped.

RESULTS
Inferior freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) was found in patients harboring the IL-10(-597AA), IL-10(-824TT), or the IL-10(-1087AA) genotype. In contrast, the IL-10(-1087G-824C-597C) haplotype present in about 48% of analyzed HL patients is nominally significant for a better FFTF in a Cox-Regression model accounting for stage and treatment. No associations were observed between the other IL-10 gene variations, IL-13(-1069CT), IL-13(Q144R), IL-4R(I75V), IL-4R(Q576R) and the clinical outcome of patients with HL.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides further evidence that proximal IL-10 promoter gene variations are associated with clinical course of patients with HL. However, treatment success and survival rates are already at a very high rate, supporting the need to design studies focusing on identification of predictors to reduce the side effects of therapy.


Diverse leaf forms ranging from simple to compound leaves are found in plants. It is known that the final leaf size and shape vary greatly in response to developmental and environmental changes. However, changes in leaf size and shape have been quantitatively characterized only in a limited number of species. Here, we report development of LeafletAnalyzer, an automated image analysis and classification software to analyze and classify blade and serration characteristics of trifoliate leaves in Medicago truncatula. The software processes high quality leaf images in an automated or manual fashion to generate size and shape parameters for both blades and serrations. In addition, it generates spectral components for each leaflets using elliptic Fourier transformation. Reconstruction studies show that the spectral components can be reliably used to rebuild the original leaflet images, with low, and middle and high frequency spectral components corresponding to the outline and serration of leaflets, respectively. The software uses artificial neutral network or k-means classification method to classify leaflet groups that are developed either on successive nodes of stems within a genotype or among genotypes such as natural variants and developmental mutants. The automated feature of the software allows analysis of thousands of leaf samples within a short period of time, thus facilitating identification, comparison and classification of leaf groups based on leaflet size, shape and tooth features during leaf development, and among induced mutants and natural variants.


To solve the problem of camera imaging quality degradation caused by defocusing during on-orbit operation, we propose an adaptive thermal refocusing system for high-resolution space cameras-the system comprising active and passive thermal refocusing. Using a space camera with a Ritchey-Chretien optical system as an example, the secondary mirror assembly was determined to be a passive thermal refocusing system, the primary mirror assembly being an active thermal refocusing system. We analyzed the system through structure/thermal/optics performance simulation when temperature variation ΔT was 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C; thermal vacuum experiments verified that the axial displacement of the active system was 0.0032, 0.0061, and 0.0090 mm, and the passive system was 0.00015, 0.00030, and 0.00069 mm, respectively. The data demonstrated the adaptive refocusing system theory to be consistent with the simulations and experiment, exhibiting high stability and reliability.


Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are increasingly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, but recent reports have warned of some hemodynamic risk (hypotension and bradycardia) when associated with anesthesia. To assess the hemodynamic effects of induction of anesthesia in patients chronically treated with ACEIs, 16 hypertensive patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n = 12) or vascular surgery ( n = 4) were studied. Eight of them were chronically treated (for at least 1 mo) with ACEIs (ACEI group), and the remaining eight (control group) were treated with other classes of antihypertensive drugs. Induction of anesthesia, which consisted of flunitrazepam (0.03 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.006 mg/kg), and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg) IV, was followed by a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure from baseline in both groups (by 16.8% in controls [P = 0.0011 and 33.5% in ACEI-treated patients [ P = 0.0011 [P = 0.041 between groups]). In control patients, mean arterial blood pressure decrease was only associated with a significant decrease in cardiac index (-l8%, P = 0.014). In ACEI-treated patients, the arterial blood pressure decreases were associated with consistent reductions in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (-26.4%; P = 0.035) and cardiac index (-23.9%; P = 0.001). Systemic vascular resistance index and heart rate were moderately changed (-14.2% and -4.5%, respectively). Rapid restoration of arterial blood pressure was obtained in all ACEItreated patients, mainly with the intravenous administration of 0.4 to 0.7 L of lactated Ringer's solution. Phenylephrine (0.38 * 0.9 mg) was, however, required in four patients when mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg. These results suggest that hypotension associated with induction of anesthesia in hypertensive ACEI-treated patients is due to the inability of the heart to maintain cardiac output during acute decreases in ventricular volume. However, moderate intravascular administration of crystalloids and doses of phenylephrine were required to control blood pressure. (Anesth Analg 1992;74:8058)


Understanding why elites extend the franchise is one of the central questions in comparative politics. However, most theories fail to account for subsequent extensions of voting rights to once-excluded groups, including women, racial and religious minorities, and the poor. This article
 reviews three new books in comparative politics that focus on the struggle for voting rights and representation in the first-wave democracies. These books challenge classic assumptions and show that democratization is punctuated by ongoing struggles over inclusion that continue to this day.
 Together, these books contribute to debates over modernization theory, democratic responsiveness, and the use of the United States as a case in comparative analysis.


The article examines Wittgenstein's thought on the language of pain in first and third person. Relevant grammatical differences, according to the typical analytical method of this philosopher, are highlighted not only in relation to the two perspectives, but also regarding the use of cognitive verbs such as 'feeling' and 'knowing'. The exam of many texts suggests some issues concerning the relationship between personal experiences, empathic grasping of other's feelings and their conceptual translation. A brief comparison with some Thomas Aquinas' texts complements the proposal of the existence of non intentional knowledge.


Groups of patients with suspiciously narrow angles, open angle glaucoma, and normal subjects were subjected to a variety of provocative tests for angle closure. The prone provocative test, which apparently involves nonmydriatic mechanisms, was found to yield an approximately 50% incidence of positive provocative tests in the narrow angle group. The incidence of false positives in open angle glaucomatous and normal patients was negligible. When prone testing was combined with dark room provocative tests, the incidence of positives was approximately 90% in narrow angle patients. Prone provocative testing would appear to be a useful addition to the diagnostic armamentarium for narrow angle glaucoma.


Haplo-identical transplant with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (haplo) and umbilical cord blood transplant supported by third-party CD34 cells (haplo-cord) are competing approaches to alternative donor transplant. We compared, in adults younger than age 60 years, the outcomes of 170 haplo at 1 institution with that of 137 haplo-cord at 2 other institutions. All received reduced intensity conditioning with fludarabine and melphalan ± total body irradiation. GVHD prophylaxis for haplo consisted of cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate, whereas haplo-cord received antithymocyte globulin, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate. Haplo transplant used mostly bone marrow, and peripheral blood stem cells were used in haplo-cord transplants. Haplo-cord were older and had more advanced disease. Haplo-cord hastened median time to neutrophil (11 vs 18 days, P = .001) and platelet recovery (22 vs 25 days, P = .03). At 4 years, overall survival (OS) was 50% for haplo-cord vs 49% for haplo. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 40% for haplo-cord vs 45% for haplo. In multivariate analysis, the disease risk index was significant for OS (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.17; P = .00) and PFS. Total body irradiation was associated with decreased recurrence and improved PFS, age >40 with increased nonrelapse mortality. The type of transplant had no effect on OS, PFS, relapse, or nonrelapse mortality. Cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by day 100 was 16% after haplo-cord vs 33% after haplo (P < .0001), but grade 3-4 GVHD was similar. Chronic GVHD at 1 year was 4% after haplo-cord vs 16% after haplo (P < .0001). Haplo or haplo-cord results in similar and encouraging outcomes. Haplo-cord is associated with more rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery and lower acute and chronic GVHD. Institutional review board authorization for this retrospective study was obtained at each institution. Some patients participated in trials registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01810588 and NCT01050946.


Missio Dei has become a common and valued expression in most wings of the church. To what extent do we mean the same thing when we use this term? This article explores the understanding of the concept missio Dei in contemporary conciliar and evangelical contexts, with special emphasis on The Cape Town Commitment and Together towards Life. Although missio Dei has had a turbulent life with diverse definitions and connected interests in the relatively short time span of the term, there seems to be a growing convergence in its usage. This common ground is primarily connected to the change from an ecclesiocentric to a Trinitarian paradigm of mission and to understanding the kingdom of God as the goal of mission. There are, however, differences in the documents, and these are evident in the relative emphases they give to the centrality of Christ and the role of the Spirit.


Abstract Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from aircraft activities at 11 small-scale airports were investigated using the emissions and dispersion modeling system (EDMS) version 5.1.3 during the two year period of 2009~2010. The number of landing and take-off (LTO) at these airports was dominant for the aircraft type B737, accounting for more than 60% of the total LTOs. Out of the 11 small-scale airports, Gwangju (GJ, RKJJ) airport was the largest emitter of air pollutants and GHGs, whereas Yangyang (YY, RKNY) airport was the smallest emitter. The emissions of NO x and VOCs in 2010 at the 11 airports ranged from 1.9 to 83 ton/y and 0.1 to 17 ton/y, respectively. In 2010, the emissions of CO 2 ranged from 394 to 21,217 ton/y. The emissions of most air pollutants (except for NO x and PM 10 ) and GHGs were estimated to be the highest in taxi-out mode. The highest emissions of NO x and PM 10 were emitted from climb-out and approach modes, respectively. In addition, the total LTOs at the 11 small-scale airports accounted for the range of 9.3~9.9% of those at four major international airports in Korea. The total emissions of air pollutants and GHGs at the 11 airports ranged from 4.8 to 12% of those at the four major airports. Key words: Aircraft. EDMS, Air pollutants, Greenhouse gas, Emission, Airport


The tsunami disaster in December 2004 was the momentum of Aceh peace which resulted in the Helsinki MoU on August 15, 2005. After that, the political constellation and contestation in Aceh were not dominated by national parties but was influenced by the local dimension, namely the local party and former members of the movement who are involved in practical politics. Political stages as a new means of struggle to realize the ideals of post-peace produce satisfying results, former combatants and local parties succeed in winning Aceh political contestation. its means that the people of Aceh have high expectations to local parties to build Aceh. Thus, the decline of the national party since the 2009 election shows that public trust for the national party is very low. The victory of local parties in political contestation in Aceh would certainly be a signal for national parties to make changes to accommodate local interests and movement's actors in a composition of the party in Aceh. Keywords : Political Constellation, Local Party, Aceh


The emission of greenhouse gases produced by industries is an increasingly worrying factor in the world, as these gases destroy the ozone layer, including the emission of CO2 from the manufacture of handmade bricks with kilns during the vitrification process. The objective of this research was to determine the compressive strength and its analysis of the cost of manual manufacture of an ecological, sustainable material such as soil-cement blocks; in addition, an automated system was proposed for the production of these blocks using engineering software such as Factory IO and TIA Portal. As a result, it was obtained that with a 15% cement content in the blocks, an average mechanical resistance of 8.47 MPa was achieved; however, the manufacturing cost was minimally higher than that of industrialised bricks by 4.17%. Finally, it was concluded that blocks with 15% cement are an alternative for housing construction due to the high compressive strength, the automation to manufacture these blocks makes the cost lower due to the reduction of skilled labour. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that a mechatronic control by means of a PLC provides a productive process of soil-cement blocks because it improves and accelerates the manufacturing processes of this complex product, all by means of the use of multiple sensors and tank filling times depending on the process.


Trichoderma spp. is well-known for their biocontrol efficacy against a variety of plant diseases. A particular isolate of Trichoderma spp. has the capacity to limit the growth of Alternaria mali , which causes Alternaria leaf spot of apple. In this study, the interaction between T. atroviride and mycelia of Alternaria mali was studied (microscopy 40X). Trichoderma spp. was isolated from the phyllosphere of an apple tree. Primers (ITS 1 and ITS 4) identified this putative bioagent as Trichoderma atroviride isolate TV3. Sequence were submitted to the NCBI and assigned the accession number 0L694002. A severe mycoparasitism was noticed in the form of coiling and firmly attaching, with the occasional production of appressoria-like structures. The biocontrol agent multiplied abundantly, forming a dense mycelium with some appressorium like structures that penetrated the mycelium of pathogen.


Luiz Marcellino de Oliveira (1939-2008) had an influential participation in almost every moment of the history of the Department of Psychology and Education, FFCLRP, as well as at different moments of the history of the Brazilian Psychology. This paper examines issues related to his pioneer work as a teacher of experimental analysis of behavior and as a psychobiological investigator in Brazil. Emphasis is given to his dedication to the development of science and to the consolidation of a scientific approach to Psychology in Brazil at the level of teaching and of experimental investigation. He contributed with investigations on the effects of drugs and malnourishment on behavior and brain development, conducting experimental analysis of behavior and neurochemical and electrophysiological analysis of the nervous system of the malnourished organism, as well as putting emphasis on environmental stimulation as a valuable intervention. Both as a teacher and as a researcher he exerted a prime influence on numerous professionals and members of the academic community that during more than forty years had the privilege of benefiting from his friendship and knowledge. Keywords: Luiz Marcellino de Oliveira; experimental analysis of behavior; psychobiology; malnutrition; environmental stimulation.


We propose an efficient space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system for high-speed transmission over wireless links. The analytical expression for the pairwise probability of the proposed space-frequency coded OFDM system is derived in slow, space- and frequency-selective fading channels. The design criteria of trellis codes used in the proposed system are then developed and discussed. It is shown that the proposed space-frequency coded OFDM can efficiently achieve the full diversity provided by the fading channel with low trellis complexity, while for traditional space-frequency coded OFDM systems, we need to design space-time trellis codes with high trellis complexity to exploit the maximum achievable diversity order. The capacity properties of space-frequency coded OFDM over multipath fading channels are also studied. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the significant performance improvement obtained by the proposed space-frequency coded OFDM scheme, as well as the excellent outage capacity properties.


Successful combined minimally invasive intervention (antegrade and retrograde) in a patient with choledocholithiasis and previous pancreatoduodenectomy is described in the article.


Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Symptoms of autism typically appear during the first three years of life. Some children show signs from birth. Others seem to develop normally at first, only to slip suddenly into symptoms when they are 18 to 36 months old. Bringing up a child with autism can be challenging for parents, especially when other people do not understand the issues. The knowledge of the caregivers regarding the care of children with autism is highly important in rearing a child with autism. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding care of autistic children among parents of autistic children in selected centers of Dehradun. A quantitative research approach was used for this study. The sample consisted of 50 parents in selected autism care centers of Dehradun. They were selected by Non Probability convenient sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a likert scale was used for the data collection. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. It shows that majority (56 %) of parents had moderate knowledge with a mean knowledge percentage of 50.33 %. Also, majority (52 %) of parents had a positive attitude towards care of autistic children. Moreover, a moderately positive correlation was found between the knowledge level and attitude.


Objective: To access the routine vaccination coverage of children age 6-23 months and to evaluate mothers' knowledge and perception about the child vaccination.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in district Faisalabad, Pakistan from March 20 to April 15, 2015. The sample size comprised of 492 respondents. The data were collected from four randomly selected Tehsils in the district Faisalabad. Interview schedule was employed with a questionnaire using 30 household cluster for Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The mothers who had a child with age 6 to 23 month were interviewed and assessment was based on both mother's recall and EPI cards.
Results: It was found that 81.7% mothers had EPI cards of their children. The BCG and Pentavalent 3rd dose coverage was found in 90.6% and 85%, respectively. The coverage of 2nd dose of measles was found only 64.3%. 79.67% children were immunized up to date and 9.35% were found unvaccinated. Education of mothers (P>0.000), education of fathers (p>0.000) and income of household (p>0.01) were significantly associated with age appropriate child vaccination coverage
Conclusion: We found that almost one child out of ten is still unvaccinated in the study area. The 64 percent of 2nd dose of the measles coverage exposed the discontinuity and gaps in adoption of the child vaccination among higher age group children.


Objective: Facial recognition software (FRS) is becoming pervasive in society for commercial use, security systems, and entertainment. Alteration of the facial appearance with surgery poses a challenge to these algorithms, but several methods are being studied to overcome this issue. This study systematically reviews methods used in facial recognition of surgically altered faces. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) databases to identify studies addressing FRS and surgery. On initial review, 178 manuscripts were identified relating to FRS and surgery and allowed division into multiple subgroups. The decision was made to focus on the recognition of surgically altered faces. Results: Eligible studies included those reports in English on FRS of surgically altered faces, and 39 papers were included. Surgical procedures range from affecting skin surface, such as skin peeling, to altering facial features, such as rhinoplasty, mentoplasty, malar augmentation, brow lift, facelift, orthognathic surgery, facial reanimation, and facial feminization. Methods were classified into appearance-based, feature-based, and texture-based. Descriptive versus experimental protocols were characterized by different reporting outcomes and controls. Accuracy ranged from 19.1% to 85.35% using various analysis methods. Conclusions: Knowledge of available limitations and advantages can aid in counseling patients regarding personal technology use, security, and quell fears about surgery to evade authorities. Surgical knowledge can be utilized to improve FRS algorithms for postsurgical recognition.


Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is believed to be an indicator of a country's economic condition. Bangladesh's GDP increased at a pace of 8.15% in fiscal 2018-19 as per the base year 2005-06. By the year 2019, Bangladesh has become the seventh fastest-growing economy in the world. This paper used multiple regression analysis model for the macroeconomic factors. The aim of this study is to measure the effects of macroeconomic factors considering GDP as the dependent variables and inflation rate, import, and export are considered as independent. This paper represents that import and export are positively associated factors with GDP whereas inflation rate is a negatively associated factor. This study concluded with revealing the importance of conducting further study by considering more economic variables to measure the economic growth as a whole.


The communication of stress/anxiety between conspecifics through chemosensory signals has been documented in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we investigate how chemosensory anxiety signals conveyed by the sweat of humans (N = 49) awaiting an academic examination are processed by the human brain, as compared to chemosensory control signals obtained from the same sweat donors in a sport condition. The chemosensory stimuli were pooled according to the donation condition and administered to 28 participants (14 males) synchronously to breathing via an olfactometer. The stimuli were perceived with a low intensity and accordingly only about half of the odor presentations were detected by the participants. The fMRI results (event-related design) show that chemosensory anxiety signals activate brain areas involved in the processing of social emotional stimuli (fusiform gyrus), and in the regulation of empathic feelings (insula, precuneus, cingulate cortex). In addition, neuronal activity within attentional (thalamus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) and emotional (cerebellum, vermis) control systems were observed. The chemosensory perception of human anxiety seems to automatically recruit empathy-related resources. Even though the participants could not attentively differentiate the chemosensory stimuli, emotional contagion seems to be effectively mediated by the olfactory system.


Aims We present the clinical and radiological results at a minimum follow-up of 20 years using a second-generation uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). These results are compared to our previously published results using a first-generation hip arthroplasty followed for 20 years. Methods A total of 62 uncemented THAs in 60 patients were performed between 1993 and 1994. The titanium femoral component used in all cases was a Taperloc with a reduced distal stem. The acetabular component was a fully porous coated threaded hemispheric titanium shell (T-Tap ST). The outcome of every femoral and acetabular component with regard to retention or revision was determined for all 62 THAs. Complete clinical follow-up at a minimum of 20 years was obtained on every living patient. Radiological follow-up was obtained on all but one. Results Two femoral components (3.2%) required revision. One stem was revised secondary to a periprosthetic fracture one year postoperatively and one was revised for late sepsis. No femoral component was revised for aseptic loosening. Six acetabular components had required revision, five for aseptic loosening. One additional acetabular component was revised for sepsis. Radiologically, all femoral components remained well fixed. One acetabular was judged loose by radiological criteria. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46 points (30 to 67) preoperatively to 89 points (78 to 100) at final follow-up. With revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, survival of the acetabular component was 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90 to 98) at 25 years. Femoral component survival was 100%. Conclusion The most significant finding of this report was the low prevalence of aseptic loosening and revision of the femoral component at a mean follow-up of 22 years. A second important finding was the survival of over 90% of the hemispheric threaded ring acetabular components. While these shells remain controversial, in this series they performed well. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(1):33–39.


This volume sought to both widen and deepen understanding of the complex relationship between tourism and climate change by compiling a collection of chapters with diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Additionally, through the use of case studies this volume bridges the gap between theory and practice by illustrating the realities of implementing climate-change-focused initiatives and strategies in the context of tourism. To present the different contributions in sections with similar foci, this volume is structured into four thematic sections with each containing at least one supporting case study. Section one establishes a scientifically based contextualization of tourism and climate change; the second examines initiatives and issues that arise in the supply of tourism products in this era of climate change; the third discusses issues and actions related to different countries and tourism consumers; and the fourth explores adaptation and innovation actions and identifies resulting challenges.


Red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-aggressive pine bark beetle native to North America, and more aggressive invader in China. Dispersing pioneer beetles are attracted to potential host trees by oleoresin monoterpene kairomones, but respond more strongly to those combined with ethanol, a mixture often released from stressed, dying, or recently dead trees. (+)-3-Carene, usually the dominant or co-dominant monoterpene in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa, is a stronger attractant than α-pinene or β-pinene where tested over a large portion of the D. valens range, while (+)-3-carene+ethanol was shown previously to attract twice the beetles of (+)-3-carene. A field test comparing D. valens attraction among the three monoterpenes when all are released with ethanol has never been reported, and was our objective. In three US Pacific Northwestern pine forests, (–)-β-pinene+ethanol lures attracted 1.4 to 1.9 times more beetles than (+)-3-carene+ethanol. (+)- or (±)-α-pinene+ethanol lures were least attractive. A 1:1:1 monoterpene mixture+ethanol lure attracted more beetles than the 1:1:1 lure, but it was not statistically higher. Monoterpenes were dispensed from low density polyethylene bottles and their release rates monitored in laboratory and field tests. Under laboratory conditions (+)-3-carene was released much more rapidly than (+)-α-pinene or (–)-β-pinene when dispensed separately, or in a 1:1:1 mixture. (+)-3-Carene in the 1:1:1 mixture increased the release of both pinenes over their rates when dispensed separately. (–)-β-Pinene+ethanol is currently the strongest kairomone lure for D. valens attraction in US northwest pine forests, and has value for beetle detection, monitoring, research, and management.


The tested hypothesis was that beaches under the same type of human pressure discharge (organic) support the same structure of fish assemblages. We performed fish samples monthly in Ubatuba and Caragua beaches using a beach seine. The patterns of seasonal and spatial similarity between the beaches were determined by cluster analysis and the analysis of similarity ANOSIM. We collected 1721 individuals belonging to 58 species in Ubatuba beach. Trachinotus carolinus , Diapterus rhombeus , Anchoa tricolor , Anchoa januaria and Oligoplites saliens were the most abundant species. On the other hand, in Caragua beach were captured 1228 fishes distributed in 59 species. Oligoplites saliens , Chloroscombrus chrysurus , Larimus breviceps , Trachinotus carolinus , Genidens genidens and Harengula clupeola were the most abundant species. Significant differences were observed between beaches to number of individuals and diversity. Additionally, richness and diversity also differed seasonally. Cluster analysis separated the fish assemblages in space and time, with the presence of two groups: spring/summer and autumn/winter. The ANOSIM demonstrated that the compositions of the assemblies of both beaches are different. The ABC curves confirmed the unsettle status for both beaches allowing to infer that the organic load factor, commonly dumped in these environments, could influence the assemblies structure. The null hypothesis was rejected due to differences between fish assemblies, confirmed by analyzes set used. Keywords : Ichthyofauna; community structure; sandy beach; ecological descriptors


The Department of Energy (DOE) is seeking to develop high temperature, high pressure inorganic membrane technology to perform a variety of gas separation processes to improve the efficiency and economics of advanced power generation systems such as direct coal-fueled turbines (DCFT) and the integrated gasification combined cycle process (IGCC). The temperatures encountered in these power generation systems are far above the temperature range for organic membrane materials. Inorganic materials such as ceramics are therefore the most likely membrane materials for use at high temperatures. This project focussed on silica glass fiber membranes made by PPG Industries (Pittsburgh, PA). The goals were both experimental and theoretical. The first objective was to develop a rational theory for the performance of these membranes. With existing theories as a starting point, a new theory was devised to explain the unusual ``molecular sieving`` behavior exhibited by these glass membranes. An apparatus was then devised for making permeation performance measurements at conditions of interest to DOE (temperatures to 2000{degrees}F; pressures to 1000 psia). With this apparatus, gas mixtures could be made typical of coal combustion or coal gasification processes, these gases could be passed into a membrane test cell, and the separation performance determined. Data weremore » obtained for H{sub 2}/CO,N{sub 2}/CO{sub 2}, 0{sub 2}/N{sub 2}, and NH{sub 3}/N{sub 2} mixtures and for a variety of pure component gases (He, H{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, CO, NH{sub 3}). The most challenging part of the project turned out to be the sealing of the membrane at high temperatures and pressures. The report concludes with an overview of the practical potential of these membranes and of inorganic membranes in general of DOE and other applications.« less


We monitored spiders on 41 Bahamian islands for 4 years before and then 4 years after the catastrophic Hurricane Floyd passed directly over the site, inundating the study islands with its storm surge. The respective recoveries of major community properties after this annihilation were far from synchronous. Before the hurricane, the species-area relation was generally strong and the slope showed no temporal trend. After the hurricane, the slope increased from near zero (7 months later) to a value about equal to its prehurricane state. The lizard effect (difference in spider abundance or species richness between islands with and without the lizard Anolis sagrei) was generally strong before the hurricane; 7 months after, the lizard effect on abundance was weak and the effect on richness had vanished. In subsequent years, the lizard effect on abundance became strong again, but the effect on species richness remained weak. The strength of the lizard effect on both abundance and richness over the 8 years was strongly positively related to the density of lizards measured on a subset of the study islands. Twelve months after the hurricane, species richness averaged over all islands rebounded to the last prehurricane value, but abundance attained only about half that value; this finding was remarkably similar to results found in an earlier study of spiders impacted by Hurricane Lili (1996) in a different Bahamian region. Nonetheless, in the next 3 years, species richness failed to increase further, part of its long-term decline at the study site.


A simple monetary model is built to illustrate that the pegged exchange rate system will collapse under an unstable external environment via the balance sheet contagion and the "boiling frog" effect, even if the domestic policy and the fundamentals are sound. If agents anticipate this happening, a speculative attack may still occur. This result is different from that of the first-generation currency crisis model, where the inconsistent domestic policy brings in the collapse of the peg. The policy options to defend the peg in the author's model depend on the nature of the shock. Effective capital control can only be implemented for capital outflow shock. Capital account deregulation is more stabilizing under a current account deficit shock, however. This paper also distinguishes the effect of capital mobility with that of the asset substitutability, as they have completely different impacts on the peg.


Purpose. This article aims at analyzing anthropological data from the burial ground Berezovy Ostrov-1. The materials studied belong to the Siberian population of the Early Bronze Age. We studied the demographic situation, dental and postcranial pathologies. We also analyzed the burial rites and inventory in terms of the sex and age of the buried. Our main aim was to characterize the lifestyle, the diet and the ritual practice of this micropopulation.
Results. We estimated the safety of the anthropological materials related to the Early Bronze Age community from the burial ground Berezovy Ostrov-1, analyzed the sex and age composition and pathological status of the buried and compared the demographic data of the Berezovy Ostrov-1 micropopulation with the distribution of sex and age in the Sopka-2/3 and Sopka-2/3A groups, which attribute to the Ust'-Tartas culture. As a result of sex and age identification, we found some similarities of the demographic structure of the population studied and the Ust'-Tartas groups from the burial ground Sopka-2. As for the ritual rites, we can ascertain some regularity. Stone tools, arrowheads and ornaments as objects of the same nature are typical for women, as well as for men and children. At the same time, we observe no burials of cremated women, newborns and children under 2 years old. In terms of pathologies, Berezovy Ostrov-1 site is characterized by increased frequencies of linear hypoplasia, calculus and periodontal diseases and an average frequency of caries. We can assume that the basic diet of the population included meat and wild plants, which is typical for hunter-gatherers. An increased frequency of linear hypoplasia indicates a possible famine or transferred diseases at the stage of tooth enamel formation. Our comparison with the Neolithic and Odinovo groups of the Baraba forest-steppe indicates that the diet in the Berezovy Ostrov-1 group was similar to that in the Neolithic series from Vengerovo-2A.
Conclusion. The first results of our analysis reveal general correspondence of the adaptation models observed on the territory of the Novosibirsk Ob region to the characteristics of the populations of hunter-gatherers. We draw a conclusion about difficult conditions for the population of Berezovy Ostrov-1 and acute shortage of food resources. Correlation of the sex-age characteristics of the buried with the peculiarities of the funeral rite allows us to assume that there existed a special burial rite for newborns and children under the age of one year.


The present investigations were carried out at Trout Culture Farm Laribal, Srinagar (J&K Govt.), India during December, 2020. Relationship between length-weight, spawning fecundity and relative fecundity was observed in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and brown trout (S. trutta fario). The mean length of male rainbow trout was (38.77±1.38 cm) and mean length of (38.05±1.32 cm) was observed in female rainbow trout. While as, the mean length of male brown trout was (38.86±1.41 cm) and for female brown trout mean length of (37.98±1.30 cm) was observed. The mean weight of male and female rainbow trout recorded was 794.6±49.3 g and 766.3±64.3 g respectively, while as, the average weight of male and female brown trout was 772.7±41.4 g and 757.6±57.22 g respectively. The spawning fecundity female-1 of rainbow trout ranged from 2002−2804 eggs and mean relative fecundity of 3.13±0.12 g-1 body weight was observed and for brown trout the spawning fecundity female-1 fish ranged from 961 to 1604 eggs, with a relative fecundity of 1.41 g-1 body weight to 1.56 g-1 body weight. The present study recorded a significant positive correlation between total body length and total body weight of male rainbow trout (r=0.938, p<0.05) and total body length and total body weight of female rainbow trout (r=0.989, p<0.05) and for brown trout a significant positive correlation was recorded between total body length and spawning fecundity, body weight and spawning fecundity was observed. However, relative fecundity formed a significant negative correlation between total length, body weight and spawning fecundity in brown trout.


Magnons, quanta of spin waves, are known to enable information processing with low power consumption at the nanoscale. So far, however, experimentally realized half‐adders, wave‐logic, and binary output operations are based on few µm‐long spin waves and restricted to one spatial direction. Here, magnons with wavelengths λ down to 50 nm in ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 below 2D lattices of periodic and aperiodic ferromagnetic nanopillars are explored. Due to their high rotational symmetries and engineered magnetic resonances, the lattices allow short‐wave magnons to propagate in arbitrarily chosen on‐chip directions when excited by conventional coplanar waveguides. Performing interferometry with magnons over macroscopic distances of 350 × λ without loss of coherency, unprecedentedly high extinction ratios of up to 26 (±8) dB [31 (±2) dB] for a binary 1/0 output operation at λ = 69 nm (λ = 154 nm) are achieved in this work. The reported findings and design criteria for 2D magnon interferometry are particularly important in view of the realization of complex neuronal networks recently proposed for interfering spin waves underneath nanomagnets.


For multilevel interconnects of LSI memory devices, the Al sprint process using the two-step cold/hot Al PVD at less than 400°C is a realistic solution to reduction of the process cost. The process windows of via filling were investigated for via holes of 0.22µm to 0.16µm. Based on the assumption that Al diffusion decides filling capability, temperature and thickness of the cold Al liner PVD and deposition time of the hot Al PVD were optimized, resulting in complete filling of 0.16µm via holes. We have confirmed the viability of the Al PVD via filling for less than 110nm device generations.


This research develops an interactive module system that can be used to explore and build a self-assessment checklist on significant learning content in the daily life and work of students in the future. The purpose of this interactive module system is to contribute to the teacher in choosing the appropriate learning content for teaching. This study will focus on the contents of Form 1 history subjects involving teachers and students. In addition, with a self-assessment checklist of teachers, educators can use it in determining significant learning content with the life and nature of student work. The built-in interactive module system also benefits pupils when the learning takes place content and skills that can be used all the time. The data were obtained through field observations in the classroom and teacher work. In general, the use of interactive module systems developed is very good and effective. The findings show that the majority of users have stated that the developed system interface is of interest to the user, in which the navigation system developed is user-friendly. The user states that the usability of the developed system is very helpful to teachers and students in understanding the content of the given lessons.


48 (2009), directed by Susana de Sousa Dias is a documentary film that portrays, as still life, anthropomethric photos from the PIDE's archive. Divided between what we can see, traces of a living past, and what we can only hear, the present voices, the film displays the incommensurable space between what is the visible and what is the expressible in this specific medium. As an archive of present time, cinema however brings back to life the past epochs, not only through old pictures (from archive, for example) but a past that is described, suggested, imagined and fabulists through verbal expression. This particular film places some questions concerning memory, archive and displacement, temporal and spatial displacement. From an inhuman point of view, 48 remains in the present although its "memories" persist and resist in the same present, voices of an eternal past that can and should be revived. In reanimating the dead past we are reinterpreting the present. In this presentation, my aim is to bring some possible questions that 48 and Still Life pose us. For example, which place has an "audiovisual archive" (in a deleuzian approach) in the dramatization of personal and collective memories? However, this particular question also demands a larger question concerning cinema as a problematic object or an act of resistance , as Deleuze remarks. Every work of art (and not only the cinematographic one) is an act of resistance. As Andre Malraux states, one work of art resists in the first place to death. So, archive will be the ideal medium for this kind of resistance.