It has been about two years since the first COVID-19 epidemic began,now it coincides with the fifth peak of epidemic infection in some countries. Over the years we have experienced many ups and downs of this virus(1, 2).
It has been about two years since the first COVID-19 epidemic began,now it coincides with the fifth peak of epidemic infection in some countries. Over the years we have experienced many ups and downs of this virus(1, 2). Some people are still with us, but unfortunately, some have left us in the middle of their lives, and they have become victims of the COVID-19 pandemic(3). A virus that when it got into the world of people, many said: "It does not last long and when it reaching warm seasons of the year, it will die prematurely and does not survive." However, the virus has survived to this today.
Efforts have been made around the world to shine the bright rays of hope and life in the shady cornerscreated by it(4, 5). One of these constructive efforts is to obtain a vaccine against COVID-19.  COVID-19 vaccination rates have still not been optimal in some countries(6, 7). While China, India, and the United States have had the highest vaccination rates (over 100%) since August 4, 2021, the statistics are disappointing in some other countries(8). For example, approximately 1.16% of Iranians received vaccinations at the same time(6-8). This is not sufficient to achieve so-called herd immunity, and hospitals have become more crowded due to the serious spread of the more contagious type of delta.
In addition to the lack of appropriate vaccines due to economic sanctions following the political tensions in some countries,such as Iran(9, 10), the reasons for refusing free injections and neglecting preventive measures are also
different(5). The covid-19 virus survived and mutant and increased mortality. However, still, some people don't hear and look at these facts. The efforts of medical staff across the globe have not yet been properly heard(5). What remains are the challenges that have endangered human life on earth, and we seem to be counting it down. These barriers must be identified in a short time. The workload of medical staff has grown significantly. In addition, journalists and the press have come to their aid, reporting and promoting the views of professors, experts, and heads of the health care system in the press, and enlightenment efforts have reached the point where politicians are talking about COVID-19 in election campaigns(11). Although an unknown and difficult path has been taken so far, it seems that this path is still ahead(7). In addition to government agencies, removing these barriers requires residents' campaigns to get vaccinated for their health, for their grandparents, for their neighbors, or to use free incentives(5, 12).
Failure to do so will result in significant health costs for governments and economies.Failure to get COVID-19 vaccination in most cases leads to hospitalization and usually leads to large bills. These expenses will be higher for the uninsured person. It also enhances the likelihood of re-globalization pandemic with its mutant strains(13).
References:

Ferrer, R COVID-19 Pandemic: the greatest challenge in the history of critical care. Medicina intensiva. 2020;44(6):323.
He, J.; Chen, G.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, R.; Shortridge, A.; Agusti, S et al. Comparative infection modeling and control of COVID-19 transmission patterns in China, South Korea, Italy and Iran. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;747:141447.
Stock, AD.; Bader, ER.; Cezayirli, P.; Inocencio, J.; Chalmers SA, Yassari R, et al. COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers: serological findings supporting routine testing. Frontiers in medicine. 2020;7:471.
Rezaeipour, M COVID-19-Related Weight Gain in School-Aged Children. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2021;19(1).
Lazarus, JV.; Ratzan, SC.; Palayew, A.; Gostin, LO.; Larson, HJ.; Rabin, K et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine. 2021;27(2):225-8.
Basiri N, Koushki M. Study of Vaccine Production Abroad and Scientific and Research Challenges of COVID-19 Vaccine Production in Iran. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021:17249-56.

         7.Maserat, E.; Keikha, L.; Davoodi, S.; Mohammadzadeh, Z. E-health roadmap for COVID-            19 vaccine coverage in Iran. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1-11.

Mathieu, E.; Ritchie, H.; Ortiz-Ospina, E.; Roser, M.; Hasell, J.; Appel, C et al. A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nature human behaviour. 2021:1-7.
Rustamovich, KM The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Well-being of Vulnerable Populations of Target Countries. International Journal on Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development. 2019;1(1):17-20.
Setayesh, S.; Mackey, TK.; Addressing the impact of economic sanctions on Iranian drug shortages in the joint comprehensive plan of action: promoting access to medicines and health diplomacy. Globalization and health. 2016;12(1):1-14.
Aten, M.; Transnational Kleptocracy and the COVID-19 Pandemic How to Contain the Spread? Transnational Kleptocracy and the COVID-19 Pandemic Containing the Spread. 2021:4.

Paul, E.; Steptoe, A.; Fancourt, D.; Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Implications for public health communications. The Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 2021;1:100012.
Desapriya, E.; Parisa, K.; Gunatunge, K. RE: Global deaths from COVID-19 have surpassed 3 million in mid of April, 2021. 2021.


Abstract Preliminary laboratory investigations of the feeding habits of seven species of ants occurring in southern Ontario showed that Camponotus herculeanus (Li.), Crematogaster lineolata (Say) and Formica exsectoides Forel are very predacious and will also eat dead insects. Myrmica americana Weber, Solenopsis molesta (Say) and Tapinoma sessile (Say) are also predacious, but probably because of the small size of the individuals and the colonies they are unable to capture large living insects. Lasius neoniger Emery, a relatively timid ant, may develop large populations and consume considerable numbers of other insects, but it is not recommended as a control agent because it can become troublesome on lawns.


G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly dynamic and often denature when extracted in detergents. Deriving thermostable mutants has been a successful strategy to stabilize GPCRs in detergents, but this process is experimentally tedious. We have developed a computational method to predict the position of the thermostabilizing mutations for a given GPCR sequence. We have validated the method against experimentally measured thermostability data for single mutants of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1). To make these predictions we started from homology models of these receptors of varying accuracies and generated an ensemble of conformations by sampling the rigid body degrees of freedom of transmembrane helices. Then, an all-atom force field function was used to calculate the enthalpy gain, known as the "stability score" upon mutation of every residue, in these receptor structures, to alanine. For all three receptors, β1AR, A2AR, and NTSR1, we observed that mutations of hydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domain to alanine that have high stability scores correlate with high experimental thermostability. The prediction using the stability score improves when using an ensemble of receptor conformations compared to a single structure, showing that receptor flexibility is important. We also find that our previously developed LITiCon method for generating conformation ensembles is similar in performance to predictions using ensembles obtained from microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations (which is computationally hundred times slower than LITiCon). We improved the thermostability prediction by including other properties such as residue-based stress and the extent of allosteric communication by each residue in the stability score. Our method is the first step toward a computational method for rapid prediction of thermostable mutants of GPCRs.


Previous studies have found that mammographic breast density is highly correlated with breast cancer risk. Therefore, mammographic breast density may be considered as an important risk factor in studies of breast cancer treatments. In this paper, we evaluated the accuracy of using mammograms for estimating breast density by analyzing the correlation between the percent mammographic dense area and the percent glandular tissue volume as estimated from MR images. A dataset of 67 cases having MR images (coronal 3-D SPGR T1-weighted pre-contrast) and corresponding 4-view mammograms was used in this study. Mammographic breast density was estimated by an experienced radiologist and an automated image analysis tool, Mammography Density ESTimator (MDEST) developed previously in our laboratory. For the estimation of the percent volume of fibroglandular tissue in breast MR images, a semiautomatic method was developed to segment the fibroglandular tissue from each slice. The tissue volume was calculated by integration over all slices containing the breast. Interobserver variation was measured for 3 different readers. It was found that the correlation between every two of the three readers for segmentation of MR volumetric fibroglandular tissue was 0.99. The correlations between the percent volumetric fibroglandular tissue on MR images and the percent dense area of the CC and MLO views segmented by an experienced radiologist were both 0.91. The correlation between the percent volumetric fibroglandular tissue on MR images and the percent dense area of the CC and MLO views segmented by MDEST was 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The root-mean-square (rms) residual ranged from 5.4% to 6.3%. The mean bias ranged from 3% to 6%. The high correlation indicates that changes in mammographic density may be a useful indicator of changes in fibroglandular tissue volume in the breast.


The epipaleolithic culture of Foum Arguin stretched from the Oued Draa, in southern Morocco, to the Banc d'Arguin and from the Atlantic shore to the lowlands of northwestern Sahara in Mauritania. Its chronology is vague, located between the eighth and the seventh millenniums BP. It preceded a little the Neolithic, which followed it after 5500 BP on almost all the numerous habitats of this region.Thanks to several sites of the Banc d'Arguin, less plundered than most others, we have been able to define the lithic industry of this culture and to compare it with similar groups, notably those located in southern Morocco. This industry, very varied, is unique and very distinct from other known traditions of that time — for instance the Iberomaurusian and the Caspian. Thus the place of the populations of Foum Arguin in the Saharian cultures of the early Holocene is an essential topic. In particular it is necessary to investigate the possible similarities with central and eastern Sahara, where epipaleolithic or preneolithic cultures are known — yet badly understood and dated as shown by the confusion surrounding the notion of "Ounan point".


Introduction The use of an out-of-hospital 12-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) has long been the salient test used when assessing ischaemic chest pain and is the only clinical tool available to paramedics that allows for early diagnosis and triage of acute coronary syndromes. This ultimately indicates whether urgent percutaneous coronary intervention is indicated. Therefore, the ability to apply and interpret a 12-lead ECG are key skills for paramedics with potentially signifcant effect on patient outcomes. This study's objective was to review and summarise existing literature pertaining to the ability of paramedics to correctly identify STEMI via 12-lead ECGs. Methods Ovid Medline, Ovid Emcare and CINAHL Plus were all searched using synonyms of keywords such as paramedic, ECG, diagnosis and STEMI. Two investigators independently screened the titles, abstracts and full texts of the articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any con?icts that arose were discussed between the two investigators to meet consensus. Results Of the 2,126 articles initially identified, 9 studies were relevant and examined the ability of paramedics to identify STEMI on out-of-hospital ECGs. Results indicated that increased additional education provided to paramedics, and the implementation of protocols and/or tools demonstrated positive results regarding STEMI recognition. Conclusions Seven of the 9 articles had a strong general consensus that paramedics can independently interpret 12-lead ECGs in order to diagnose STEMI, however not all studies were of good quality. While the importance of the pre-hospital ECG in the setting of STEMI is well established, the ability of paramedics to independently interpret them is less so and requires further study.


The species studied differs from the orher Hyalopo. matus species by having a peculiar rugose sculptured outer tube surface. This character is markedly variable; it can be more or less developed and may also vary along the same tube. Observed by SEM, this rugosity proves to consist of irreguÌar flaps, roughly following the groFth lìnes. SEM obsenations on transverse fractures show a homogeneous conposition of the tube wall, consisting of calcium carbonate crystals. These crystals show a prismatic habitus and are arranged in a homogeneous granular microcrystalline structure. New records of H. variorugosus are from deep water stations in the Western Mediterranean and from Pleistocene bathyal deposits of Southern ltaly. The discussion covers aspects of tube characters of use for taxonomy.


The "risk society" presents a considerable challenge to current understanding of the question of risk and the task of organisational leadership. Beck has proposed that we, in late modernity, are moving from an industrial society to a risk society, which requires a corresponding shift from modernism to reflexive modernism. A brief discussion of the risk compensation ideas of Adams will be used to bridge to some observation about how humans approach and understand risk in our society. Four stances towards risk are used as a basis for considering the modes of leadership associated with each of them. It is argued that this provides a starting point from which leadership theory may be extended from its mainly intra organisation perspective to include critical reflexiveness in an inter‐ and extra‐organisational framing. This goes beyond social responsibility to include a critical attention to how a risk society requires leadership to be construed in institutional terms.


Spreading activation (also known as spread of activation) is a method for searching associative networks, neural networks or semantic networks. The method is based on the idea of quickly spreading an associative relevancy measure over the network. The goal is to give an expanded introduction to the method. The authors will demonstrate and describe in sufficient detail that this method can be applied to very diverse problems and applications. They present the method as a general framework. First they will present this method as a very general class of algorithms on large (or very large) so-called multidimensional networks which will serve a mathematical model. Then they will define so-called micro-applications of the method including local search, relationship/association search, polycentric queries, computing of dynamic local ranking, etc. Finally they will present different applications of the method including ontology-based text processing, unsupervised document clustering, collaborative tagging systems, etc.


Density and temperature conditions in many stellar core (like the solar core) imply the presence of nonideal plasma effects with memory and long-range interactions between particles. This aspect suggests the possibility that the stellar core could not be in a global thermodynamical equilibrium but satisfies the conditions of a metastable state with a stationary (nonextensive) power law distribution function among ions. The order of magnitude of the deviation from the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution can be derived microscopically by considering the presence of random electrical microfields in the stellar plasma. We show that such a nonextensive statistical effect can be very relevant in many nuclear astrophysical problems.


For studies on key meiotic processes such as crossover formation and genome haploidization, the availability of portable promoter sequences for effector protein expression in meiocytes is of great importance. In this study, we present two novel strategies to facilitate screening for such promoter elements. The first strategy was based on expression of a previously constructed GFP-tagged zinc finger protein for visualization of the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes in meiocytes. Here, we show that expression of this reporter protein under control of different promoters allowed for the visualization of fluorescence foci in meiocytes, demonstrating that this is a useful tool for such purposes. The second reporter system was based on the visualization of cytotoxicity triggered by expression of the virulence protein VirD5. We Agrobacterium tumefaciens show that constitutive expression of VirD5 is lethal, but when driven by meiotic promoters led to reduced fertility with normal vegetative growth. We show that both strategies offer useful tools for the assessment of meiotic effector protein expression, especially when combined with available gene expression data sets.


Despite the known advantages of the rain water harvesting technologies, studies show that the utilization rate at community level continues to be lower than expected. The current study focused on socio-economic factors influencing the utilization of rain water harvesting technologies in Kauwi sub-location, Kitui County, Kenya. The study adopted a survey design. Random sampling was used to identify the villages while households were systematically selected. A total of 160 households comprised the study's representative sample size from which interviews were conducted. From the results, 60% of the variation of utilization of earth dams was explained by the outcome variables (Nagelkerke R2=0.6). Scrutiny of the results indicated that labour source (p<0.1, B=2.66) and access to credit (p<0.1, B=5.44) were the significant factors influencing earth dam utilization. The study concluded that different factors influenced utilization of different technologies differently. Findings of this study will help farmers in prioritizing factors that influence decision on utilizing rain water harvesting technologies.

https://www.ijcmas.com/11-9-2022/C. Modvine Koreeny, et al.pdf


In this paper, two-echelon newsvendor problem is considered. Many real-life situations like fashion, food industries, and healthcare services match newsvendor problem. Our problem is determining levels of inventory in order to optimize the profit and service level in selling a product. This product is made up of several raw materials. Only the distribution of demand is known, and the hot season of selling the product is just a short period and after that, the price of the product drops dramatically. The storage space and initial budget are limited. We modeled and solved the problem as an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem using two nonlinear techniques, the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and steepest descent (SD).


Objective To observe the efficiency of surgical correction of strabismus with adjustable suture in treating acute concomitant esotropia. Methods 12 acute concomitant esotropia cases were treated by surgical correction of strabismus with adjustable suture and synoptophore training for 15 days postoperatively. Results Postoperative diplopia: 11 cases regained binocular single vision without diplopia at the near or far distance. 1 case remained 8 prism diopters(PD) esotropia postoperatively, with no diplopia within 1 meter and diplopia alleviated significantly beyond 1 meter. Conclusion The effect of surgical correction of strabismus with adjustable suture in treating acute concomitant esotropia is satisfactory.

Key words:
acute concomitant esotropia;  surgical correction of strabismus;  adjustable suture


Abstract Navigation through complex environments requires motor planning, motor preparation, and the coordination between multiple sensory–motor modalities. For example, the stepping motion when we walk is coordinated with motion of the torso, arms, head, and eyes. In rodents, movement of the animal through the environment is coordinated with whisking. Even head-fixed mice navigating a plus maze position their whiskers asymmetrically with the bilateral asymmetry signifying the upcoming turn direction. Here we report that, in addition to moving their whiskers, on every trial mice also move their eyes conjugately in the direction of the upcoming turn. Not only do mice move their eyes, but they coordinate saccadic eye movement with the asymmetric positioning of the whiskers. Our analysis shows that asymmetric positioning of whiskers predicted the turn direction that mice will make at an earlier stage than eye movement. Consistent with these results, our observations also revealed that whisker asymmetry increases before saccadic eye movement. Importantly, this work shows that when rodents plan for active behavior, their motor plans can involve both eye and whisker movement. We conclude that, when mice are engaged in and moving through complex real-world environments, their behavioral state can be read out in the movement of both their whiskers and eyes.


In the preceding paper, electric stresses in elliptic cylindrical and oblate spheroidal gaseous cavities located in a dielectric contained between infinite plane parallel electrodes were calculated, using a technique devised by Rayleigh for solving the Laplace equation. The same methods give the maximum electric stresses at conducting surfaces of similar geometrical shapes located in the field between plane parallel electrodes, only very slight modifications to the equations developed previously being necessary. The formulas that have been derived in the present paper can be applied to calculate, for example, the maximum stress between successive turns of a long conducting helical coil subjected to a uniform voltage gradient and the maximum stress at the surface of the ellipsoid in an ellipsoidal voltmeter.


The generative propagation of Moringa oleifera is quite difficult because the ability of seed germination is low. An alternative to overcome this obstacle is by planting vegetative propagation through biotechnology approach.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of medium with different of composition IBA and GA3 and different concentration of sucrose to the development of synthetic seed of M. oleifera. Embryogenic callus was induced on MS with addition of 1 mg L-1 NAA medium. Furthermore, it was matured on 3 mg L-1 BAP until the formation of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos of M. oleifera were encapsulated using alginate and called synthetic seeds. Synthetic seeds were planted on several germination media: 1; 1.7; 2.4 mg L-1 IBA, and 0.055; 0.035; 0.015 mg L-1 GA3 with 3, 4.5 and 6% sucrose. Synthetic seeds had diameter ranging from 7 to 10 mm with the color of clear seed and white-yellowish embryo. The highest fresh weight and percentage of penetrating of seed obtained on 0.035 mg L-1 GA3 with addition of 3% sucrose, and the highest percentage of germination obtained on 0.035 mg L-1 GA3 and 1,7 mg L-1 IBA with addition of 3% sucrose. The composition of medium using 0.035 mg L-1 GA3 and 1,7 mg L-1 IBA with addition of 3% sucrose generated high percentage of penetration and synthetic seeds Moringa oleifera germination. Characteristics of the synthetic seed were clear color and visible yellowish-white embryo, diameter of 7.0-10.0 mm, fresh weight ranging from 10.00 to 52.33 mg.


Previous research has shown that emotional stimuli are more likely than neutral stimuli to be selected by attention, indicating that the processing of emotional information is prioritized. In this study, we examined whether the emotional significance of stimuli influences visual processing already at the level of transient storage of incoming information in iconic memory, before attentional selection takes place. We used a typical iconic memory task in which the delay of a poststimulus cue, indicating which of several visual stimuli has to be reported, was varied. Performance decreased rapidly with increasing cue delay, reflecting the fast decay of information stored in iconic memory. However, although neutral stimulus information and emotional stimulus information were initially equally likely to enter iconic memory, the subsequent decay of the initially stored information was slowed for threatening stimuli, a result indicating that fear-relevant information has prolonged availability for read-out from iconic memory. This finding provides the first evidence that emotional significance already facilitates stimulus processing at the stage of iconic memory.


Combinatorial network optimization algorithms that compute optimal structures taking into account edge weights form the foundation for many network protocols. Examples include shortest path routing, minimal spanning tree computation, maximum weighted matching on bipartite graphs, etc. We present CLRMR, the first online learning algorithm that efficiently solves the stochastic version of these problems where the underlying edge weights vary as independent Markov chains with unknown dynamics. The performance of an online learning algorithm is characterized in terms of regret, defined as the cumulative difference in rewards between a suitably-defined genie, and that obtained by the given algorithm. We prove that, compared to a genie that knows the Markov transition matrices and uses the single-best structure at all times, CLRMR yields regret that is polynomial in the number of edges and nearly-logarithmic in time.


Hungary and Turkey have a considerable share in world wheat markets. In 2018, Hungary's export value of wheat and wheat flour reached to 411 million euros and it formed 32 per cent of overall cereal & milling industry export value of the country. Export value of Turkey for the same commodities was 875 million euros in the same period and it formed 77 per cent of total cereal & milling industry export value (International Trade Centre, 2019). Considering their potential and recent upward trends in trade, this study aims to determine the competitiveness of the wheat sectors in Hungary and Turkey. The study examines the competitiveness level of both countries by using Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage index and Michaely index. The examination range covers the 10-year period between 2009 and 2018. Majority of data in this work was obtained and derived from International Trade Centre database. According to analysis results, Hungary has a higher degree of specialization vis-a-vis Turkey.


We consider the problem of estimation in Hidden Markov models with finite state space and nonparametric emission distributions. Efficient estimators for the transition matrix are exhibited, and a semiparametric Bernstein-von Mises result is deduced. Following from this, we propose a modular approach using the cut posterior to jointly estimate the transition matrix and the emission densities. We derive a general theorem on contraction rates for this approach. We then show how this result may be applied to obtain a contraction rate result for the emission densities in our setting; a key intermediate step is an inversion inequality relating $L^1$ distance between the marginal densities to $L^1$ distance between the emissions. Finally, a contraction result for the smoothing probabilities is shown, which avoids the common approach of sample splitting. Simulations are provided which demonstrate both the theory and the ease of its implementation.


This study evaluated the biocompatibility of Biosilicate® scaffolds by means of histopathological, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity analysis. The histopathologic analysis of the biomaterial was performed using 65 male rats, distributed into the groups: control and Biosilicate®, evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after implantation. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, with various concentrations of extracts from the biomaterial in culture of osteoblasts and fibroblasts after 24, 72, and 120 h. The genotoxicity analysis (comet assay) was performed in osteoblasts and fibroblasts after contact with the biomaterial during 24, 72, and 96 h. In the histopathology analysis, we observed a foreign body reaction, characterized by the presence of granulation tissue after 7 days of implantation of the biomaterial, and fibrosis connective tissue and multinucleated giant cells for longer periods. In the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts from the biomaterial did not inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and relatively low concentrations (12.5% and 25%) stimulated the proliferation of both cell types after 72 and 120 h. The analysis of genotoxicity showed that Biosilicate® did not induce DNA damage in both lineages tested in all periods. The results showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds present in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility.


WB-S Autosomal Dominant Disorder is the most common genetic disorder. We report a case of 20 year old with infrequent association of WBS and TOF. Clinical examination and ECHO confirmed TOF, WB-S was suspected based on the clinical signs used in the scoring system of WB-S which were described by AAP(2001), FISH study was performed in this patient because of having more than 3 clinical signs of WB-S and FISH study showed 7q11.23 deletion and remains the gold standard laboratory investigation for WB-S.
KEYWORDS: Tetralogy of Fallot; William Beuren Syndrome; Clinical Diagnosis; Fluroscence In Situ Hybridisation.


Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial efficiency and security of maximal effort cytoreductive surgery in stages III and IV of ovarian cancer at a university hospital. Methods: Thirty-four patients with stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma underwent surgery between January 2013 and June 2014 in the University General Hospital of Castellon (Spain). Patients with primary and relapse ovarian cancer were included. The extent of disease, type of surgical technique, amount of tumor prior to surgery and amount of residual disease after surgery were recorded. To quantify the efficiency and the security of the procedure, the complete cytoreduction and the morbidity and the mortality rates were described. Results: Of the patients 26.4% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Complete cytoreductive surgery, without evident residual tumor at the end of the procedure, was obtained in 79% of patients and optimal cytoreductive surgery (CC0-CC1) in 91%. Surgical complications were found in 56% of patients and two deaths (6%) occurred attributable to surgery. The disease free interval was 15 months. Conclusions: This study confirms that with experienced multidisciplinary teams and in tertiary referral hospitals, 79% of complete cytoreduction surgery in advanced ovarian cancer can be achieved but they must be prepared to deal with a high rate of complications. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2015;4(3):251-257 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcgo345w


In modern advanced age of science and technology, the effective use of new technology methods in order
to deepen students' knowledge, develop scientifically, develop skills to work independently, develop thinking ability,
improve speaking skills, search for and use information tools on their own. Integrated learning technology is one of the
actual issues. New curricula and new methods of integrated teaching of subjects appeared. And the updating of the
educational content requires the use of different types of organization of training, as well as the use of integrated teaching
lessons of various subjects. Active use of new CLIL technology in education is very effective. In order to determine the
effectiveness of the integrated technology, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, and the subject and language
knowledge of the students was determined. That is, the student learns the subject along with the language. Students'
knowledge develops well during integrated teaching of general chemistry in English. Students' chemical vocabulary in
English will be expanded. In order for the student to easily express his thoughts orally in English in the chemistry class,
good results are achieved if audio and video tapes related to the subject are used a lot in English. The importance of
teaching using CLIL technology is that it helps students learn English, acquire chemical knowledge, and increase their
interest in the lesson.


PURPOSE
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is an important cause of renal dysfunction. It contributes to the development of acute renal failure (ARF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and melatonin (MEL), which are known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, in IR-induced renal injury in rats.

METHODS
Male Wistar Albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. MEL (10mg/kg, i.p) and EPO (5000U/kg, i.p) were administered prior to ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, blood samples were collected for the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum creatinine levels. Also, renal samples were taken for Immunohistochemical evaluation of Bcl2 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) expression.

RESULTS
Ischemia reperfusion increased creatinine, TAC, MDA levels and TNF-α expression, also, IR decreased Bcl2 expression. Treatment with EPO or MEL decreased creatinine, MDA levels, and increased TAC level. Also, MEL up-regulated Bcl2 expression and down-regulated TNF-α expression compared with EPO.

CONCLUSION
Treatment with EPO and MEL had a curative effect on renal IR injury. These results may indicate that MEL protects against inflammation and apoptosis better than EPO in renal IR injury.


This research aims at shedding light on the concept of insurance awareness and clarifying its role on marketing insurance services of a sample of (100) employees in the National Company for Insurance. Questionnaire is used as a main instrument for collecting data and information from the sample. Their answers were analyzed by using arithmetic means, standard deviation, centesimal weight, and the correlation coefficient ( , F, t) tests .The research reached several conclusions of which:1.The sample member's response to insurance awareness and marketing insurance services factors was in the medium level.2.There was a positive relationship of a moral sign between insurance awareness and marketing insurance services, that correlation coefficient reached (0.715).3.There is an effect of moral meaning of insurance awareness in marketing insurance services, the degree is (51%).4.There are no differences of moral sings in the sample answers to show the role of insurance awareness in marketing insurance services according to personal characteristics (age, academic qualifications, number of years in service and administrative level).


SUZ12 is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) along with EZH2 and EED. Recently, germline mutations in the SUZ12, EZH2 and EED genes have been reported in Weaver syndrome (WS) or Weaver‐like syndrome, suggesting a functional link between PRC2 deficits and WS. However, only one case of a SUZ12 mutation presenting with Weaver‐like syndrome has been reported. Here, we report a missense and a frameshift mutation in SUZ12 (c.1797A>C; p.Gln599His and c.844_845del; p.Ala282Glnfs*7), both of which are novel, in two individuals. Their clinical features included postnatal overgrowth, increased bifrontal diameter, large ears, round face, horizontal chin crease and skeletal anomalies, but did not fulfill the WS diagnostic criteria. These data provide strong evidence that SUZ12 mutations cause Weaver‐like syndrome.


Introduction: Patients with transfusion dependent Thalassemia have cardiac complications as a result of chronic high output state and the iron overload of the myocardium. Gradually, a high output state leads to high output heart failure. This is the leading cause of mortality among thalassemic patients. Materials and methods: 18-year old Thalassemia major patient who was regularly receiving hemotransfusions since early childhood was admitted to the hospital. By using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance, severe myocardial iron overload 7, 02 was noted. Since January 2017, the patient has been receiving regular check-ups due to the complaints of weakness and dyspnea. Electrocardiography performed after the patient received hemotransfusion showed sinus rhythm with the heart rate (HR) of 95 beats per minute (b.p.m.). Echocardiography showed a reduced ejection fraction (EF) 45, 6% and in tissue Doppler imaging reduced myocardial velocities were examined. Patient started treatment with a beta-blocker, bisoprolol 2,5mg oral per day (o.d.). Results: After bisoprolol 2,5mg o.d. treatment for a month and a half, a follow-up echocardiography was performed. On echocardiography examination, a significant improvement in contractile function, EF 58, 5%, HR 73b.p.m. was observed. Echocardiography performed seven months later showed EF of 60% and an increase in the myocardial systolic velocity (Sm) compared with the first echocardiographic examination. The complaints were decreased to a minimum. Conclusion: Beta-blockers are used in the standard treatment for the patients with heart failure who have reduced ejection fraction. However, beta-blockers should be used with caution for patients with thalassemia since these patients tend to have low blood pressure in nature. Significant improvement on patients` severe myocardial siderosis and low myocardial contractile function of the left ventricle was achieved after starting the treatment with beta-blockers. The symptoms of heart failure due to the severe myocardial iron deposition due to hemotransfusions was successfully managed with beta-blockers.


The re-entry trajectory of maneuvering vehicles with medium to high hypersonic lift-to-drag ratios is generally planned using quasi-equilibrium flight conditions known from Space Shuttles. They may exhibit an oscillation re-entry phenomenon termed skip re-entry when related components or sensors fail. However, conventional re-entry guidance only considers quasi-equilibrium flights and ignores the possibility of the occurrence of an unexpected skip trajectory; this may lead to the failure of the re-entry mission due to a lack of a corresponding guidance strategy. However, the detection of a skip trajectory is the necessary reference for the decision-making of calling a related guidance algorithm that helps improve the safety of vehicle re-entry. Herein, a skip re-entry detection and trajectory control solution is proposed to play an emergency role in the cases of skip re-entry. Firstly, the oscillation frequency characteristics of the linearized re-entry motion equation of a vehicle are analyzed, and an approximate analytical relationship is constructed for skip altitude estimation. Then, the residual deviation between the altitude feedback data and the estimated skip altitude is calculated and compared with the threshold to determine the occurrence of skip re-entry. In addition, a method for controlling the skip re-entry trajectory with the range extension is developed by controlling the bank angle with a fixed angle of attack profile, satisfying the path constraint requirements. The results indicate that the method effectively performs skip re-entry detection and that it can help extend the range of the vehicles in abnormal re-entry scenarios, keeping the flight within the path constraints and guiding it to the expected location.


Fluctuations of the apparent center of radiation near their expectation during the irradiation of distributed objects with probing signals from radar stations have been observed by scientists for many decades. An expression describing the statistical nature of such fluctuations is known in the literature. These fluctuations are called angular noise. With all this, there is still no expression connecting the angular dimensions of the object and the distribution parameters of its angular noise. This expression is necessary to predict the angular size of distributed objects in problems of simulating reflections from them. In the article, the problem indicated above is solved in two ways. When using the first method, it is possible to obtain an unambiguous relationship between the angular size of the object and the distribution parameters of its angular noise, but for each new object it is necessary to re-derive this relationship, which is not always possible. When using the second method, the probability is used with which the fluctuating apparent center of radiation of a signal reflected from a distributed object falls within the boundaries of this object. This method has no disadvantage of the first one. The results presented in this article were confirmed by means of mathematical modeling.


The biased loss of large and medium frugivores alters seed dispersal and plant regeneration. Species reintroductions have been proposed as a strategy to reverse the consequences of species loss. However, the effects of reintroductions on ecological processes are seldom accessed, which hinders the comprehension of reintroductions' potential to reestablish functioning ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the effect of howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) reintroduction on the plant regeneration of Tijuca National Park (TNP), a defaunated Atlantic Forest fragment. Howlers are folivore-frugivore primates, whose large clumped defecations attract dung beetles, which provide secondary dispersal by burying seeds present in the howlers' feces. Thus, we expect that the fate of seeds dispersed by howlers will differ from those dispersed by other frugivores present in the Park. We followed the fate of seeds between 3 and 14mm in diameter in three steps of the seed dispersal loop, each one consisting of a different experiment. First, we estimated secondary seed dispersal and burial depth probabilities according to the frugivores' defecation pattern; then, predation probability in different burial depths and defecation patterns; and, finally, recruitment probability in different burial depths. Considering the final result of the three experiments, the howlers' reintroduction affected positively the regeneration of large seeds. The fate of 3mm seeds was little affected because they were seldom preyed upon at shallower depths anyway and could not recruit when deeply buried. On the other hand, seeds larger than 3mm reached the seedling stage more frequently when dispersed by howlers than when dispersed by other animals present in the Park. Thus, howler monkey reintroduction in defaunated areas, in addition to smaller frugivores, whose defecation patterns are less attractive for dung beetles, improves the regeneration of large seeds. We hope that this study will stimulate new howler reintroductions in defaunated areas.


Background and objectiveIt is predicted that more than half the worldwide cardiovascular disease risk burden will be borne by Indian sub continent in the next decade according to a recent epidemiological studies. The association of smoking, dyslipidaemia hypertension, diabetes, central obesity and a positive family history with CAD is well established, risk factors with premature CAD.Newer risk factor like higher levels of lipoprotein (a), homocystein and hsCRP are associated with premature coronary artery disease with weak supportive evidence. Material and MethodsAn observational study was done at SMS Medical College & Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan from July2009 to Dec 2010. Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome were included in this study. Acute Coronary Syndrome defined as Acute MI (STEMI and NONSTEMI) or unstable angina. Total 111 patients with aged 40 years or less included in the study out of which 107 were males and only 4 were females. Conclusion-Young patients have a different risk factor profile in comparison with older patients. Smoking is a strong and quite common coronary risk factor in the young ACS patients who are 40 years or less. Young patients with a myocardial infarction have a favorable short term prognosis and longer follow up is required to detect any adverse long term outcome and its correlation with coronary angiography findings at presentation.


The origin of dislocation evolution during SiC crystal growth is usually related to lattice relaxation mechanisms caused by thermal stress. In this paper we discuss dislocation generation and dislocation propagation related to doping and suppression of basal plane dislocations, the latter being of particular interest for bipolar electronic devices. We have prepared alternating p-/n-/pdoped SiC crystals using the donor nitrogen and the acceptors aluminum or boron. In addition we determined the mechanical properties of n-type and p-type SiC; in particular we measured the critical shear stress by nano-indentation on c-plane and a-plane 6H-SiC surfaces. A considerably lower basal plane dislocation density is found in aluminum as well as in boron doped p-type SiC compared to nitrogen doped n-type SiC. It is concluded that the explanation of the reduced basal plane dislocation density in p-type SiC needs the consideration of electronic as well as mechanical effects.


The population of Immokalee in Southwest Florida is 75% Latinos, with nearly half being foreign-born. Several documented stressors contribute to poor mental health among Latinos. However, little is known about Latinos' mental health in this region. This study sought to assess self-rated mental health (SRMH) and acculturation stress (AS) and predict SRMH based on stress from life events, AS, sociodemographic characteristics, and social support among U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinos. Face-to-face interviews and assisted self-administered surveys were used to collect information among 158 Latinos on sociodemographic characteristics, AS, major life events that caused stress, social support, and SRMH. AS was elicited by asking three questions (Cronbach's  = .84), total stress level was determined by 10 major life events, and social support was elicited by 14 questions (Cronbach's  = .76). Results indicated that foreign-born Latinos 36–75 years old, with minimal social support, U.S.-born Latinos with lower educational levels, minimal social support, and high-moderate stress levels reported statistically significant low SRMH. AS was significantly higher among foreign-born 36to 75-year-olds, with lower educational levels, minimal social support, who preferred the Spanish language and lived ≤15 years in the United States. Linear regression analysis showed social support, educational levels, and life stressors to be significant predictors of SRMH among U.S.-born Latinos, whereas social support was a significant predictor in foreign-born Latinos.


This paper presents a general method for modeling a 3D photorealistic single yarn for the construction of a fabric structure composed of the yarn with different types of cross sections. Various types of cross sections can be designed by using a quasi-uniform quadratic B-spline curve. The central line of the yarn is designed by a sequence of key control points to form a shape-preserving quasi-uniform cubic B-spline curve. The control grid of the B-spline surface for the single yarn is based on the combination of the quadratic and cubic curve. With random turbulence and proper assemblage of the cross sections, a realistic 3D twist effect for the single yarn is achieved. The simulated pictures of the yarns and fabrics indicate that this general and flexible model can be applied to the simulation of various 3D geometrical structures of yarns and then extended to fabrics.


The nonlinear stability of a liquid film adjacent to a supersonic gas stream is investigated. The gas is assumed to exert a mean shear stress at the liquid/gas interface which in turn establishes a linear mean velocity profile in the liquid. The analysis takes into account the pressure perturbation exerted by the gas on the liquid assuming the disturbed gas motion to be inviscid and the mean gas velocity profile to be uniform. The problem is formulated within the long wave approximation, and solutions are obtained for finite amplitude waves by using the method of multiple scales. The results predict the existence of finite amplitude periodic waves, in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations.


woman of4 ft 11 in. in height. Her facies showed typical Crouzon deformities of beaked nose, hypertelorism, moderate ocular proptosis, and maxillary hypoplasia (Fig. 1). The skull showed residual acrocephaly modified by previous cranioplasties. Examination of the back revealed a double primary scoliosis with mild right thoracic and left lumbar rotation. There was a valgus deformity of 100 at the left knee with a left patella subluxing in extension but reducing in flexion. Flexion of the left knee was restricted by 200 compared to the right knee. The right knee appeared normal. Both feet manifested cutaneous syndactyly between the second and third toes. No other clinical abnormality was detected and routine biochemical and haematological investigations were normal. IQ at 15 years was normal. Radiographs at this stage showed changes typical of Crouzon's syndrome in the skull and face (Fig. 2). The left knee showed a hypoplastic lateral femoral condyle and the presence of the scoliosis was confirmed (Figs. 3 and 4). The patient was one of eight children. Examination of the parents and sibs did not reveal any abnormality, and enquiry into the family history did not show any further cases of Crouzon's syndrome. The parents were unrelated. At the birth of the patient the father's age was 45, the mother's 38. Operation was carried out in September 1971 when the left patellar tendon was transposed medially and distally on the tibia. The patient made an uneventful recovery and when followed up one year after operation had no symptoms of instability in the left knee.


Background
Individuals with frailty are susceptible to adverse events. Although a psychological correlation with frailty has been observed, few studies have investigated the link between stress and frailty. This study examined the association between perceived stress and frailty in older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study included participants recruited between September 2021 and January 2022. The Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 was used to measure stress levels, while the frailty status was assessed using the Korean Frailty Index. Loneliness, depression, and satisfaction were measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, respectively. We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the variables between frail and robust participants.

Results
Among 862 study participants (mean age, 73.62 years; 65.5% women), the mean PSS-10 score was 15.26, 10.8% were frail, 22.4% were pre-frail, and 66.8% were robust. Perceived stress was significantly associated with pre-frailty (crude odds ratio [cOR], 1.147; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093-1.204) and frailty (cOR, 1.417; 95% CI 1.322-1.520). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we examined the associations between perceived stress and prefrailty (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.140, 95% CI 1.084-1.199) and frailty (aOR, 1.409; 95% CI 1.308-1.518). After adjusting for all variables, including loneliness, depression, and satisfaction, perceived stress was significantly associated with frailty (aOR, 1.172; 95% CI 1.071-1.283), however, insufficient statistical evidence was observed for pre-frailty (aOR, 1.022; 95% CI 0.961-1.086).

Conclusion
Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with frailty in older adults. Stress management efforts may help improve frailty in this population.


Routine echocardiography is used every day to manage patients undergoing complex cardiac interventions in many health centers; however, the use of echocardiography to aid in the diagnosis, management and treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest has not been thoroughly studied. Despite recent guidelines established by the American Society of Anesthesiology and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology for the use of echocardiography in patients with intraoperative hemodynamic collapse, institutional protocols for implementing echocardiography perioperatively are lacking. We report a retrospective study of 31 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery that suffered hemodynamic collapse perioperatively and underwent either transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A routine, standard rapid rescue echocardiogram exam was performed on each patient looking for specific diagnosis by echo-trained physicians. Echocardiography results, medical and surgical management, and patient outcomes were all reviewed and reported from the medical record and our department database. Undiagnosed left heart failure, acute right heart failure, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemia, and pulmonary embolus were the most commonly found diagnosis on echocardiography. All patients were found to have an explainable diagnosis for their cardiac instability on echo exam as described by the physician at the time of the arrest. Twenty-nine of 31 patients (94%) survived their surgical procedure, while 24/31 (77%) survived hospital discharge. Four patients eventually underwent a secondary procedure based on findings on echocardiography, and all survived the secondary procedure. Both TTE and TEE, which have the ability to diagnose causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, may play a significant role in the critical medical and surgical management of patients during times of perioperative resuscitation.


Background
 Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which include PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma-anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALCL, ALK-pos), and ALCL, ALK-neg. International prognostic index (IPI) is a widely used tool for risk stratification and has shown a strong association with survival in nodal PTCL. The prognostic index for PTCL-U (PIT) is a specific prognostication tool for PTCL and has also shown prognostic relevance in nodal PTCL.
 The National Comprehensive Cancer Network-IPI (NCCN-IPI) has recently been reported to show better discrimination in higher risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but has never been investigated in nodal PTCLs. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate and compare the usefulness of risk stratification using NCCN-IPI in comparison with the IPI and PIT in patients with newly diagnosed nodal PTCL, particularly in determining high-risk patients.
 Methods
 This retrospective analysis was conducted using patient-level data from one Korean multicenter retrospective cohort (cohort A; NCT03040206; Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018 e-pub) and two prospective Samsung Medical Center Lymphoma I (cohort B) and II (cohort C) cohorts (NCT00822731 and NCT01877109; Blood Cancer J 2016;6:e395) that included nodal PTCL patients. Among those enrolled in the three cohorts, patients were eligible if they were newly diagnosed, were histologically confirmed with nodal PTCL and had received curative intent systemic chemotherapy. Patients were excluded if the histologic subtype was uncertain or primary extranodal mature T-cell or NK/T-cell neoplasms. The study also excluded ALCL, ALK-pos.
 Results
 A total of 531 patients were screened for eligibility (A [n=396], B and C [n=135]). Eighty-four patients were excluded from this analysis due to following reasons: relapsed nodal PTCL (n=14), no systemic lymphoma therapy (n=14), uncertain histology (n=8), primary extranodal mature T-cell or NK/T-cell neoplasms (n=9), and ALCL, ALK-pos (n=39). Thus, 447 patients were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 19-86) and 285 (64%) were male. PTCL-NOS (n=237, 53%) was the most common histologic subtype included, and AITL (n=154, 35%) and ALCL, ALK-neg (n=56, 13%) followed. Three-fourths of the patients (n=337) were advanced stage and approximately one-fourth of the patients (n=127) had bone marrow involvement at diagnosis. The majority of the patients (n=422, 94%) were treated with anthracycline-based regimen as primary chemotherapy. 77 patients (17%) underwent up-front autologous stem cell transplantation.
 With a median follow-up of 55.7 months (IQR 32.7-83.5), 5-year progression-free survival rate was 35.9% (95% CI, 31.0-40.8) and overall survival (OS) rate was 46.0% (95% CI, 40.7-51.3). In the univariate analysis, all the risk stratifications, the IPI, PIT, and, NCCN-IPI, were significantly associated with OS (Fig 1A, B, C). However, the 5-yr OS rates of IPI, PIT, and NCCN-IPI differed substantially in the high-risk group,18.2% (95% CI, 9.6-26.8) vs 22.4% (95% CI, 14.0-30.8) vs 10.8% (95% CI, 2.4-19.2), as well as in the low-risk group, 77.1% (95% CI, 69.3-84.9) vs 75.9% (95% CI, 65.3-86.5) vs 85.8% (95% CI, 76.0-95.6; Table 1), respectively. The absolute difference in OS between the low-risk and high-risk groups was 75.0% with NCCN-IPI stratification compared with 58.9% and 53.5% with IPI and PIT stratifications. Notably, 13.4% of the patients were classified as high-risk group using the NCCN-IPI stratification, which was substantially different from stratifications using the IPI (19.2%) and PIT (24.2%). Finally, the NCCN-IPI and histologic subtypes were found to be independent prognostic variables for OS in multivariate analysis (for low-intermediate NCCN-IPI, hazard ratio [HR] 1.80, 95% CI 0.79-4.12; high-intermediate NCCN-IPI, HR 2.19, 95% CI 0.83-5.76; high NCCN-IPI HR 3.63, 95% CI 1.28-1032; P=0.038: for AITL, HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.69-2.01; PTCL-NOS, HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.27; P<0.001).
 Conclusion
 Our study shows that the NCCN-IPI is a more powerful tool than the IPI and PIT for predicting OS in patients with nodal PTCLs. Compared with the IPI and PIT, the NCCN-IPI also shows better discrimination between low-risk and high-risk nodal PTCL patients, and may be more useful to find truly high-risk patients.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The aim of this work was to evaluate a tumor-targeting porphyrin-based gadolinium complex (Gd-TDAP) for use as an MR/optical imaging agent and potential therapeutic agent. Gd-TDAP had higher longitudinal relaxivity (11.8 mM-1 s-1) than a commercial MRI contrast agent (Omniscan; 3.7 mM-1 s-1) in HSA solution (0.67 mM) at 3 T. The tumor-targeting characteristics were confirmed by T1-weighted MR imaging and optical imaging using an orthotopic brain tumor mouse model, which showed 1.3-fold higher uptake in tumor compared to normal brain tissues. The cell fraction data using U87MG glioblastoma cells indicated the potential for gadolinium neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT), which requires gadolinium to be inside the cell nucleus. In addition, porphyrin derivatives can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and the results demonstrated that Gd-TDAP has great potential not only as a bimodal imaging agent but also for treatment.


Introduction. 1. An Introduction to Probability. Predicting The Future. Rule Making. Random Events and Probability. The Lottery {Very Improbable Events and Large Data Sets}. Coin Flipping {Fair Games, Looking Backwards For Insight}. The Coin Flip Strategy That Can't Lose. The Prize Behind The Door {Looking Backwards For Insight, Again}. The Checker Board {Dealing With Only Part Of The Data Set}. 2. Probability Distribution Functions And Some Basics. The Probability Distribution Function. Averages And Weighted Averages. Expected Values. The Basic Coin Flip Game. The Standard Deviation. The Cumulative Distribution Function. The Confidence Interval. Final Points. 3. Building a Bell. 4. Random Walks. The One Dimensional Random Walk. What Probability Really Means. Diffusion. 5. Life Insurance and Social Security. Insurance as Gambling. Life Tables. Birth Rates and Population Stability. Life Tables, Again. Premiums. Social Security - Sooner Or Later?. 6. Binomial Probabilities. The Binomial Probability Formula. Permutations And Combinations. Large Number Approximations. The Poisson Distribution. Disease Clusters. Clusters. 7. Pseudorandom Numbers and Monte Carlo Simulations. Pseudorandom Numbers. The Middle Square PSNG. The Linear Congruential PSNG. A Normal Distribution Generator. An Arbitrary Distribution Generator. Monte Carlo Simulations. A League Of Our Own. 8. Some Gambling Games In Detail. The Basic Coin Flip Game. The Gantt Chart. The Ultimate "Winning Strategy". The Game Show. Parimutuel Betting. 9. Traffic Lights And Traffic. Outsmarting A Traffic Light?. Many Lights And Many Cars. Simulating Traffic Flow - The Simulation. Simulation Results. 10. Combined And Conditional Probabilities. Functional Notation. Conditional Probability. Medical Test Results. The Shared Birthday Problem. 11. Scheduling And Waiting. Scheduling Appointments In The Doctor's Office. Lunch With A Friend. Waiting For A Bus. 12. Stock Market Portfolios. 13. Benford, Parrondo and Simpson. Benford's Law. Parrondo's Paradox. Simpson's Paradox. 14. Networks, Infectious Disease Propagation and Chain Letters. Degrees Of Separation. Propagation Along Networks. Some Other Uses Of Networks. Neighborhood Chains. 15. Bird Counting. A Walk In The Woods. A Model Of Bird Flying Habits. Spotting A Bird. Putting It All Together. 16. Statistical Mechanics And Heat. Statistical Mechanics. Thermodynamics. 17. Introduction To Statistical Analysis. Sampling. Sample Distributions and Standard Deviations. Estimating Population Average From A Sample. The Student-T Distribution. Polling Statistics. Did A Sample Come From A Given Population?. 18. Chaos and Quanta. Chaos. Probability In Quantum Mechanics.


The structural and electronic characteristics of Cs2InSbCl6 were investigated using first
principle density functional theory (DFT) within local density approximation (LDA) and
generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as implemented in the Quantum ESPRESSO
package. A supercell with 40 atoms was used in carrying out the calculations, using the
optimized lattice parameters of the Cs2InSbCl6 (a = b = c =11.342 Ǻ). The findings revealed
that Cs2InSbCl6 is a direct band gap material with gaps of 0.74 eV and 0.99 eV for LDA/PZ
and GGA/PBE respectively, in which the GGA/PBE gap shows consistency within the
literature range. The calculated densities of states highlight the contributions of the constituent atoms within the valence and the conduction bands.


Approximately ten million people suffer from Chagas disease worldwide, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, with the disease burden predominately focused in Latin America. Sleeping sickness is another serious health problem, caused by Trypanosoma brucei, especially in sub-Saharan countries. Unfortunately, the drugs currently available to treat these diseases have toxic effects and are not effective against all disease phases or parasite strains. Therefore, there is a clear need for the development of novel drugs and drug targets to treat these diseases. We propose the trypanosome prereplication machinery component, Orc1/Cdc6, as a potential target for drug development. In trypanosomes, Orc1/Cdc6 is involved in nuclear DNA replication, and, despite its involvement in such a conserved process, Orc1/Cdc6 is distinct from mammalian Orc1 and Cdc6 proteins. Moreover, RNAi-mediated silencing of trypanosome Orc1/Cdc6 expression in T. brucei decreased cell survival, indicating that Orc1/Cdc6 is critical for trypanosome survival.


Summary Background The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased dramatically during recent decades; the reasons are not known. Among various plausible hypotheses the so-called hygiene hypothesis (jungle hypothesis) has gained public interest recently. According to this hypothesis improved hygiene leading to a decreased stimulation of the immune system by infections, parasites, vaccinations or contact with immunostimulating agents has led to an immunodeviation with T helper (Th)2-enhancing effects followed by increased occurrence of IgE-mediated allergies. Problems The hygiene hypothesis is not defined precisely, and some questions remain open: the influence of actual infectious disease or specific vaccinations, the nature of infectious agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites), the definition of the term 'hygiene', the nature of other immunostimulating agents and the effects upon different atopic diseases. As arguments in favour of the hygiene hypothesis, the following study results are quoted: children of farmers have less allergies; children from academic parents show an increased risk of atopic diseases; children from anthroposophic families have decreased allergy prevalence rates; effects of endotoxin and CD14 gene polymorphism; and the protective influence of gut flora with high amounts of lactobacilli. The following findings argue against the hygiene hypotheses: parasite infections are associated with an increased risk of urticaria and atopic eczema; some microorganisms e.g. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Bordetella pertussis enhance IgE production; patients with active tuberculosis have high Th2 reactions; pertussis vaccination has a protective effect; high allergy prevalences in very poor regions (inner city slums in the United States, Africa, Southern America); germfree conditions prevent the spontaneous outbreak of atopic eczema in certain mouse strains, many other influences (e.g. traffic exhaust exposure) are associated with allergy and sensitization. Comparing the prevalence of atopic diseases and sensitization in East and West German children after reunification there was a striking difference with regard to higher prevalence rates of respiratory atopic diseases in West German children compared to the East, which was not seen for atopic eczema. No single factor has been established to explain this East–West German difference. When differences in pertussis vaccination strategy (in West Germany in the 1980s only about 50% of the children were vaccinated, while in East Germany this was obligatory for everyone) were included in the analysis, it became obvious that 20% of West German children were suffering from pertussis infection compared to 0.5% of East German children and pertussis infection increased the risk for atopic respiratory disease, although not for eczema and sensitization. When pertussis vaccination and infection was included among the confounders to be adjusted for in the multivariate logistic regression, the East–West German difference disappeared for asthma and wheezing, so it can be concluded that pertussis vaccination does prevent pertussis infection and thereby prevents asthma and wheezing independent of atopic sensitization. Furthermore, it has become clear that pollens are not only allergen carriers but also produce proinflammatory mediators of eicosanoid-like


We compared proseal, supreme, and i-gel supraglottic airway devices in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressures and airway morbidities in gynecological laparoscopic surgeries. One hundred and five patients undergoing elective surgery were subjected to general anesthesia after which they were randomly distributed into three groups. Although the oropharyngeal leak pressure was lower in the i-gel group initially (mean ± standard deviation; 23.9 ± 2.4, 24.9 ± 2.9, and 20.9 ± 3.5, resp.), it was higher than the proseal group and supreme group at 30 min of surgery after the trendelenburg position (25.0 ± 2.3, 25.0 ± 1.9, and 28.3 ± 2.3, resp.) and at the 60 min of surgery (24.2 ± 2.1, 24.8 ± 2.2, and 29.5 ± 1.1, resp.). The time to apply the supraglottic airway devices was shorter in the i-gel group (12.2 (1.2), 12.9 (1.0), and 6.7 (1.2), resp., P = 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of their fiber optic imaging levels. pH was measured at the anterior and posterior surfaces of the pharyngeal region after the supraglottic airway devices were removed; the lowest pH values were 5 in all groups. We concluded that initial oropharyngeal leak pressures obtained by i-gel were lower than proseal and supreme, but increased oropharyngeal leak pressures over time, ease of placement, and lower airway morbidity are favorable for i-gel.


Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the common zoonotic diseases that leading to the extensive economic losses throughout the world. Control and eradication of this disease depends mainly on the early detection.
Aims: The present work was achieved between March and September 2016 as a cross-sectional study to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle.
Materials and Methods: Three hundred eighty four sera samples which including 359 females and 25 males were collected randomly from unvaccinated cattle, in twelve different regions at Dhamar governorate in Yemen. All sera samples screened for cattle brucellosis using RBT and the positive samples reconfirmed using I-ELISA. A structured questionnaire used to collect epidemiological data that analyzed using SAS program.
Results and Discussion: The sero-prevalence of cattle brucellosis was 0.26%. No significant association (P?0.05) between prevalence of cattle brucellosis and region (2.8%), age (3.22%), sex (0.27%) and breed (0.26%) was determined.
Conclusion: Study findings showed a low prevalence of cattle brucellosis in Dhamar governorate. Although, the current work form a baseline data for more study of cattle brucellosis, and start point for its control in Yemen.

Keywords: Brucellosis, Cattle, Dhamar Governorate, RBT, I-ELISA, Sero-prevalence, Yemen.


The authors have observed the temporal and spatial profiles of optical emissions in low-frequency (100 kHz) discharge plasma at 1.0 Torr and 10 sccm in argon. Intermediate- and high-energy electron transport has been investigated by monitoring the emissions, Ar I (3p55p to 3p54s) and Ar II (3p44p to 3p44s), of the excited species with very short lifetimes compared with the external field period. It is emphasised that the power spectrum analysis of the emission intensity serves as an effective new method to investigate the plasma structure, i.e. the bulk and the sheath. Evidence is given that the electron in the bulk of plasma is driven only by the sinusoidal field with the same frequency as the external field. The metastable Ar(3P0,2) and the ion Ar+(2P12,3/2/) are also investigated by using the second positive and the first negative emissions in the argon plasma with 0.1% of N2 added as a probe.


Image analysis algorithms are of great interest in the context of object-oriented coding schemes. In this paper a new analogic CNN algorithm for obtaining the motion estimation is illustrated, whereas the companion paper (Grassi and Grieco, 2002) focuses on the remaining steps of the object-oriented image analysis stage. Simulation results, carried out for Miss America and Claire video sequences, confirm the validity of the approach developed herein.


The representation of odor in olfactory cortex (piriform) is distributive and unstructured and can only be afforded behavioral significance upon learning. We performed 2-photon imaging to examine the representation of odors in piriform and in two downstream stations, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as mice learned olfactory associations. In piriform we observed minor changes in neural activity unrelated to learning. In OFC, 30% of the neurons acquired robust responses to conditioned stimuli (CS+) after learning, and these responses were gated by context and internal state. The representation in OFC, however, diminished after learning and persistent representations of CS+ and CS− odors emerged in mPFC. Optogenetic silencing indicates that these two brain structures function sequentially to consolidate the learning of appetitive associations. These data demonstrate the transformation of a representation of odor identity in piriform into transient and persistent representations of value in the prefrontal cortex.


A surface texture enhances the capacity of a solar cell to absorb incident radiation. In high efficiency and industry standard designs alike, pyramidal surface textures play the key role of reducing the reflectance of the cell surface. This reduction is achieved by ensuring that incident light rays suffer at least a double reflection in the various facets of the structure. In this work, we define a general expression for the reflectance of a pyramidal texture by identifying discrete paths of reflection and the fraction of reflected light that follows each of these paths. We apply the expression to analyse the reflection of normally incident light at textured surfaces. We examine three common morphologies, finding that a regular array of inverted pyramids just outperforms a random array of upright pyramids, with a regular array of upright pyramids showing poorer capacity to reduce front surface reflection. We extend the analysis to determine the transmittance of the various structures, thus permitting the calculation of a figure of merit that can be used to optimise the thickness of antireflection coatings (ARCs). Finally, by examining the angles at which light is reflected by the pyramidal textures, we find that an encapsulant of refractive index greater than 1.59 gives between 79 and 92% of the initially reflected light a second chance to enter the solar cell. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Somatic Copy Number Alterations (SCNA) involving either a whole chromosome or just one of the arms, or even smaller parts have been described in about 88% of human tumors. This study investigated the SCNA profile in 40 well-characterized sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas by comparative genomic hybridization array. We found that 26/40(65%) cases had at least one SCNA. The prevalence of SCNA, and in particular of chromosome 3 and 10, was significantly higher in cases with a RET somatic mutation. Similarly, SCNA of chromosomes 3, 9, 10 and 16 were more frequent in cases with a worse outcome and an advanced disease. By the pathway enrichment analysis, we found a mutually exclusive distribution of biological pathways in metastatic, biochemically persistent and cured patients. In particular, we found gain of regions involved in the intracellular signaling and loss of regions involved in DNA repair and TP53 pathways in the group of metastatic patients. Gain of regions involved in cell cycle and senescence were observed in patients with biochemical disease. Finally, gain of regions associated to the immune system and loss of regions involved in the apoptosis pathway were observed in cured patients suggesting a role of specific SCNA and corresponding altered pathways in the outcome of sporadic MTC.


The recent discovery of oil and gas in Tanzania has attracted a number of subsidiary companies whose participation in social and environmental reporting has been questioned by stakeholders. This study aimed to determine the extent to which oil and gas companies have been reporting social and environmental issues in comparison to the Global Reporting Initiatives Guidelines. The online documentary review of annual reports and website of six companies were used and analysed using content analysis. The findings show that social aspects including health and education are disclosed more compared to economic and environmental issues. However, reported items reflect that the global reporting initiatives and the monetary contributions are scanty in comparison to the financial strength of the companies. The study recommends that companies should review their budgets to support communities and disclose their activities. The government as well should take the initiative to exhort companies to provide more information on their operations and submit the necessary reports.


Abstract Distribution of species in earthworm communities under the influence of basic environmental factors was established using phytoindication methods. We described the environmental spectrum for lumbricid certain species. A. roseа and A. сaliginosа are identified as everytopic species, E. tetraedrais is rather everytopic than stenotopic. D. octaedra and De. rubidus are stenotopic.


Introduction : The postoperative period is a critical time in lung transplantation. It has already been established that the type of end-stage lung disease has an impact on the survival benefit after lung transplantation. However, the specific aspects of postoperative evolution such as mechanical ventilation duration (MVD), intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and hospital LOS have not been extensively studied. Methods: We reviewed the experience in our center through a retrospective chart analysis of 201 patients who underwent lung transplantation from 2004 to 2010. We investigated if the MVD, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and the need for a tracheotomy are related to the underlying end-stage lung disease. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics to identify differences between subgroups. Access to medical charts was granted by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Our results show that Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) patients have much longer MVD, ICU LOS and hospital LOS, require more tracheotomies and have higher mortality in the postoperative period when compared to other end-stage lung diseases. (Table 1) Conclusion: Patients with IPF have longer ICU LOS and this seems to be related to longer MVD. Further research could address methods of improving weaning from mechanical ventilation in these patients.


The abnormal climatic changes due to global warming causes damage to crops. Uncontrollable factors make it difficult for farmers to use conventional methods for farming. Furthermore, with the aging population and the reluctance of the younger generation to be devoted to farming jobs that require a large amount of physical work, there is a problem of global food shortage. Therefore, several countries have invested in the development of science and technology in agriculture, expecting to promote the overall development of agricultural production through the Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT). AIoT is a highly integrated and comprehensive application of a new generation of information technology in the agricultural field. In this study, the currently popular Internet of Things (IoT) is used to build a smart greenhouse. To solve the problem of farmers not understanding the operation of the information interface, this study proposes an IoT-based smart voice control architecture, which details the operation of the voice system architecture. It successfully replaces the conventional unfriendly operation interface and is generally recognized by users, which lowers the barrier of entry with respect to of science and technology for those who are willing to devote themselves into the development of scientific agriculture, inspires a wide range of applications, and effectively improves the production efficiency of agriculture.


The article is devoted to the identification of conceptually identical perceptions of musical time in the cultures of India and Indonesia. The paper considers tala, the Indian category of time, in the context of structuring the parameters of musical compositions in Indian art. Gamelans (Indonesian ensembles of musical instruments) are described in detail as well as the basic principles of organizing musical material in the compositions they perform. The aim of the work is to compare the patterns of perception of the category of time in the cultures of India and Indonesia. The research methodology is based on the principles of an integrated approach that considers the musical traditions of these countries from theoretical and historicalcultural positions. In the process of working on this article, the key role was played by the experience of studying Indian and Indonesian cultures obtained by the authors during scientific internships in India and Indonesia (T.V. Kartashova – institute Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra in 2004–2006 and in 2009 (New-Delhi, India); V.U. Antipova studied at the Indonesian Institute of Arts in Yogyakarta under the Darmasiswa Indonesian Scholarship program in the 2017–2018 academic year). The result of the study is the identification of the cyclical nature of musical time in the art of India and Indonesia. It is concluded that in the coordinate systems of different civilizations there are certain intersection points, and often they appear at a conceptual level. The identification of common interpretations of various categories makes it possible to comprehend deep intercivilizational ties, which makes it possible to identify the relatedness of the basics of world understanding in the cultures of South and Southeast Asia.


The majority of virtual reality (VR) applications rely on audiovisual stimuli and do not exploit the addition of other sensory cues that could increase the potential of VR. This systematic review surveys the existing literature on multisensory VR and the impact of haptic, olfactory, and taste cues over audiovisual VR. The goal is to identify the extent to which multisensory stimuli affect the VR experience, which stimuli are used in multisensory VR, the type of VR setups used, and the application fields covered. An analysis of the 105 studies that met the eligibility criteria revealed that 84.8 percent of the studies show a positive impact of multisensory VR experiences. Haptics is the most commonly used stimulus in multisensory VR systems (86.6 percent). Non-immersive and immersive VR setups are preferred over semi-immersive setups. Regarding the application fields, a considerable part was adopted by health professionals and science and engineering professionals. We further conclude that smell and taste are still underexplored, and they can bring significant value to VR applications. More research is recommended on how to synthesize and deliver these stimuli, which still require complex and costly apparatus be integrated into the VR experience in a controlled and straightforward manner.


SUMMARY The distribution and virulence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups other than O1 and O139 in India before, during and after the advent of O139 serogroup was investigated. A total of 68 strains belonging to 31 different 'O' serogroups were identified during the study period. With the exception of O53, there was no spatial or temporal clustering of any particular non-O1 non-O139 serogroup at any given place. Two of the 68 strains examined produced cholera toxin (CT) which could only be partially absorbed with anti-CT immunoglobulin G. Tissue culture assay revealed that some of the non-O1 non-O139 strains produced factors which evoked either a cell rounding or cell elongation response depending upon the medium used. This study indicates that serogroups other than O1 and O139 should also be continuously monitored.


In Indonesia, currently there are various physiotherapy intervention modalities for children with special needs, especially in cerebral palsy. The Bobath concept is a holistic approach to solving the problems of individuals with movement disorders and postural control as a result of lesions in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physiotherapy modalities on functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy. This research was an experimental type that had a control variable with a nonequivalent control group design, but in this design the experimental group and the control group were not randomly selected, functional ability measuring tool used gross motor functional movement (GMFM). All respondents received treatment 16 times (2 times per week), measured as fisrt post-test, followed by treatment 16 times (2 times per week) measured as second post-test. The first post-test (16 times) and the second post-test (32 times), these data were compared. The results of the repeated measured ANOVA test in the control group revealed that there was a significant difference in functional ability after the bobath concept treatment (p=0.060; x 1 =-0.714; x 2 =-2.714) and after the bobath concept and taping treatment (p=0.027; x 1 =-2.400; x 2 =-6.000). But, there was found not significant after the bobath concept and stretching treatment (p =0.071; x 1 =-0.333; x 2 =-3.667), and after the bobath concept and infrared treatment (p=0.126; x 1 =-1.000; x 2 =-2.500). The results of the Freadman test there was a significant difference in functional ability after the bobath concept and massage treatment (p=0.023). The conclusion, there was a significant difference in functional ability improvement after being given treatment by the bobath concept, bobath concept plus


In anticipation of the first LHC data to come, a considerable effort has been devoted to ensure the efficient reconstruction of vertices in the ATLAS detector. This includes the reconstruction of photon conversions, long lived particles, secondary vertices in jets as well as finding and fitting of primary vertices. The implementation of the corresponding algorithms requires a modular design based on the use of abstract interfaces and a common Event Data Model. An enhanced software framework addressing various physics applications of vertex reconstruction has been developed in the ATLAS experiment. Presented in this paper are the general principles of this framework. A particular emphasis is given to the description of the concrete implementations, which are dedicated to diverse methods of vertex reconstruction.


The Platypus, like other native mammals, has been affected by European settlement. Degradation of natural habitats and landscapes has reduced population numbers and most likely contributed to the extinction of wild Platypus in South Australia. A constructed wetland located at Warrawong Sanctuary in South Australia was assessed for its capacity to sustain a resident population of Platypus. This study incorporated surveys of riparian vegetation, water quality and the primary food source of Platypus (macroinvertebrates). The constructed system consisted of four main pools and several riffle zones; the vegetation was mostly native including Eucalyptus and Acacia species. Water quality was poor, with elevated levels of nutrients and turbidity. Macroinvertebrates consisted of a large variety of Platypus prey items. The macroinvertebrates identified suggest that the water quality was poor given the average SIGNAL score obtained. These indicators associated with the quality and structure of the ecosystem at Warrawong were comparable to natural wetlands. Although the system was found to be 'degraded', it was still able to sustain a functional population of Platypus over a 20 year period.


Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was detected for the first time in Australia in March 2006 in field-grown tomatoes in Brisbane, Queensland. Surveys showed that the virus was confined to south-east Queensland. Virus transmission studies carried out using Bemisia tabaci (B biotype) verified that resistant tomato lines containing the Ty-1 or Ty-5 genes displayed tolerance to infection by TYLCV isolates from Australia. A PCR assay specific for TYLCV was designed and optimised to confirm the presence of the virus in samples that tested positive in begomovirus-specific double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight isolates of TYLCV from various sites were cloned and sequenced, and were shown to have near-identical sequences and a high nucleotide sequence similarity (98%) to the monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-IL). No DNA-B, DNA-1 nor DNA-b satellite molecules were detected using degenerate PCR assays. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Australian isolates of TYLCV separated into two sequence groups, TYLCV-IL[Au:Bri:06] and TYLCV-IL[Au:Bun:06], that showed a defined geographic segregation. Naturally occurring defective DNA molecules containing partial, rearranged segments of the native DNA-A, were present in one isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an incursion of a begomovirus into Australia, and the first report of the characterisation of naturally occurring defective DNAs of TYLCV. Additional keywords: diagnostics, Geminiviridae, rolling-circle amplification, virus host range.


Attention is a general reasoning mechanism than can flexibly deal with image information, but its memory requirements had made it so far impractical for high resolution image generation. We present Grid Partitioned Attention (GPA), a new approximate attention algorithm that leverages a sparse inductive bias for higher computational and memory efficiency in image domains: queries attend only to few keys, spatially close queries attend to close keys due to correlations. Our paper introduces the new attention layer, analyzes its complexity and how the trade-off between memory usage and model power can be tuned by the hyper-parameters.We will show how such attention enables novel deep learning architectures with copying modules that are especially useful for conditional image generation tasks like pose morphing. Our contributions are (i) algorithm and code1of the novel GPA layer, (ii) a novel deep attention-copying architecture, and (iii) new state-of-the art experimental results in human pose morphing generation benchmarks.


Children with Primary (or Specific) Language Impairment (PLI) demonstrate subtle deficits in nonlinguistic cognitive processing skills such as processing speed, working memory, and sustained selective attention (SSA). Previous research has suggested that intensive language treatment may influence nonlinguistic cognitive skills, particularly attention. The present study explored this hypothesis to inform future treatment studies and to provide a unique perspective on cognitive-linguistic interaction in children with PLI. A single-subject multiple-baseline design was used to track changes in key nonlinguistic cognitive processing skills before and during language treatment for three school-aged children with PLI. Results were mixed across tasks and participants, with stronger evidence for change on the working memory and processing speed tasks than on SSA. Performance variability was substantial. Results suggest that cognitive-linguistic interactions during language treatment for children with PLI may occur; however, additional research is needed, particularly studies that are sensitive to within-child performance variability.


This article presents research results on the influence of the relational context in the decision to pursue a master's degree. Thematic analysis of data collected from interviews made it possible to identify the individuals who influence the decision and how they exert that influence. Among the main themes that emerge are providing support, facilitating exploration, and acting as a role model. The research results underline how important it is for career counsellors to recognize the role others play in the decision-making process.


Today, scientific data is inevitably digitized, stored in a variety of heterogeneous formats, and is accessible over the Internet. Scientists need to access an integrated view of multiple remote or local heterogeneous data sources. They then integrate the results of complex queries and apply further analysis and visualization to support the task of scientific discovery. Building a digital library for scientific discovery requires accessing and manipulating data extracted from flat files or databases, documents retrieved from the Web, as well as data that is locally materialized in warehouses or is generated by software. We consider several tasks to provide optimized and seamless integration of biomolecular data. Challenges to be addressed include capturing and representing source capabilities; developing a methodology to acquire and represent metadata about source contents and access costs; and decision support to select sources and capabilities using cost based and semantic knowledge, and generating low cost query evaluation plans.


A primigravid patient with a type 1 choledochal cyst is reported. Conservative management allowed completion of the pregnancy and vaginal delivery of a term infant. Postpartum, the choledochal cyst was excised and biliary tree drained. A review of the literature and discussion of management alternatives of choledochal cysts discovered during pregnancy is presented.


:-This study examined the effect of environmental dynamism on liquidity position of food processing firms in Nigeria. The study specifically analysed the effect of environmental dynamism on current ratio, quick ratio and cash Ratio of the selected food processing firms. Secondary data between 2016 and 2020 sourced from annual financial reports of the selected firms as published on the Nigeria Stock Exchange database. This study utilised Pearson correlation analysis and OLS linear regression analysis to analyse the data collected in order to test all hypotheses. The findings revealed that environmental dynamism (ED) positively affects all dependent variables; There is a positive correlation between ED and current ratio (r = .837), ED and quick (r =.955) and ED and and cash ratio (r=.873). The results of the OLS regression analysis revealed that ED exert an insignificant positive effect on current ratio with coefficient of estimate of 13.4384 (P=0.076 >.05). ED exert a positive significant effect on quick ratio with coefficient of estimate of 12.6512 (P=0.0114<.05) while ED exert a positive but statistically insignificant effect on cash ratio with a coefficient of estimate of 6.8415 (P=0.053 >.05). This study concluded that environmental dynamism positivelyaffects liquidity position of food processing firms in Nigeria. Also, significance of the effect of environmental dynamism reflected differently in the three liquidity ratios examined. Thus, the selected food processing firms in Nigeria should complete their cash-to-cash cycle


At school, sexuality is a polemic topic, considering the diversity of views, beliefs and values from its assorted factors. The aim of this research is to investigate how Physical Education teachers comprehend the role of this curricular component in the work of Sexual Orientation at the last years of Fundamental Teaching. It was applied a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interview for data gathering existent at teachers' speech. The results indicated that the Education has important elements attached to sexuality including working directly with the body and on the body through its contents. About it, it is suggested to create a curriculum in which the body is presented as a central element in the interdisciplinary projects, as well as the possibility of knowing the corporal mechanisms by the teachers, which results in emotional blocks and difficulties related to sexuality.


Maryam Zamani mosque has its religious significance. This mosque is about 4000 years old. Jahangir built this mosque after his mother and later on Raja Ranjit Singh converted the mosque to a gunpowder factory and then the British returned the mosque to the Muslims. Recently the WCLA (walled city authority) documented and conserved some parts of the mosque. This research aims to study the impacts of the conservation and and restoration works that includes the shrine and ablution parts of the mosque. The methodology adopted for this research is through site surveys, documentation of the conservation report by WCLA. The research findings indicate that the conservation attempt is arguable because conservation of the heritage buildings should be in their original context. Walled city of Lahore authority did a short-term solution of this by filling cracks with plaster, but they did not pay attention to its material and its decoration. Another cause is ignoring this heritage site for decades and the material of this mosque is also outdated. Other than authorities, people should also take responsibility toward heritage buildings. Cultural heritage should be respected because respecting the heritage means respecting the forefather's efforts. Keywords: Damage mapping, Cracks, Conservation, Lahore, Maryam Zamani, Mosque


When creating camera-ready figures, most scientists are familiar with the sequence of raw data → processing → final illustration and with the spending of large sums of money to finalize papers for submission to scientific journals, prepare proposals, and create overheads and slides for various presentations. This process can be tedious and is often done manually, since available commercial or in-house software usually can do only part of the job.

To expedite this process, we introduce the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which is a free, public domain software package that can be used to manipulate columns of tabular data, time series, and gridded data sets and to display these data in a variety of forms ranging from simple x-y plots to maps and color, perspective, and shaded-relief illustrations. GMT uses the PostScript page description language, which can create arbitrarily complex images in gray tones or 24-bit true color by superimposing multiple plot files. Line drawings, bitmapped images, and text can be easily combined in one illustration. PostScript plot files are device-independent, meaning the same file can be printed at 300 dots per inch (dpi) on an ordinary laserwriter or at 2470 dpi on a phototypesetter when ultimate quality is needed. GMT software is written as a set of UNIX tools and is totally self contained and fully documented. The system is offered free of charge to federal agencies and nonprofit educational organizations worldwide and is distributed over the computer network Internet.