Parastizopus armaticeps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a nocturnal fossorial detritivore inhabiting southern Kalahari dunes, aggregates in burrows during the day. Group size increases during drought but 25 % of beetles are still found alone or in pairs. During drought, beetles from large groups leave burrows after sunset synchronously and earlier than pairs and single animals and earlier than beetles of any group size after rain. Detritus from the beetles' major foodplant is scarce and food competition high. Beetles emerging early preferentially select and carry high-quality transportable items into burrows to eat (forage); late-emerging ones feed on the low-quality large twigs on the surface. Foraging is shown to be a strategy to secure food items against surface competitors, not one to reduce body water loss during surface exposure. The costs and benefits of group vs. solitary lifestyles and alternate hypotheses for early and synchronous emergence were tested experimentally. Grouped beetles had lower body water loss rates but, due to competition with burrow mates, higher feeding costs than single ones. It is hunger that advances and thus synchronizes emergence time, not social facilitation. Field data support a model predicting that, for maximal benefits, beetles should alternate between solitary and group life at optimal time intervals.


This article aimed to present a review of the literature regarding the outsourcing and precarization of university professors' work in Brazil. The practice of outsourcing in higher education had been carried out illegally in our country, however, this theme brings great political, social and educational repercussion after the approval of the bill, which authorizes outsourced work in all spheres, voted by the federal deputies in the March 22, 2017. Works over the last 10 years have been investigated in databases such as Scielo, Pepsic, LILACS. A total of 16 papers that dealt with the relationships between outsourcing and precariousness of the university professor have been selected. However, despite the scarce literature, the studies emphasized relevant aspects because they unanimously evidence that this practice promotes discouragement, demotivation, devaluation, accumulation of functions, and several factors which contribute to illness. Therefore, it is essential that this theme be carried forward in later studies which offer a better understanding of this type of contract model of teaching activities and their respective impairments in working relations and conditions, quality of life, mental health and in the teaching-learning process.


Short electric and acoustic pulses applied on plasma of a stratified positive column of a hydrogen glow discharge have induced in it transient phenomena, revealing some dynamic properties of nonlinear standing striations. A description of the experiments together with a qualitative interpretation of the results is given.


The increasing competitiveness of market search related with information needs led to several companies to invest in new forms of decision making and models applied to scientific methods to position them as market leaders and to extract added value. This study was conducted with the propose of developing a market tool to allow a deeper and more pragmatic analysis to clients value and clients life cycle in order to contribute to the competitiveness of companies with relevant outputs and increase the market share of his company in a more conscious, objective way. The findings of this study allowed to quickly identify and to mitigate the type of problems which affect the organization and thus provide benefits to all the stakeholders that are in interaction with organizations.


The monthly mean velocity, salinity, and temperature fields of a numerical simulation of the World Ocean climatological circulation are used to study the intensity and pathways associated with the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic. Lagrangian diagnostics based on the computation of several hundreds of thousands of individual three-dimensional trajectories are combined with an appropriate study of water mass potential densities in order to describe the warm and cold limbs of the so-called conveyor belt. Circulation schemes are established for both limbs of the overturning, and can be easily compared with schemes or transport estimates deduced from direct measurements, as the model temperature and salinity fields are constrained to remain close to the observed climatology. Diagnostics emphasize most typical pathways as well as main mass transfers that lead to the establishment of such numerical circulation schemes.


The molecular mechanisms of becoming and maintenance of a multi-drug resistance phenotype of tumoral cells are briefly analysed. Drug resistance of cells can be developed with high function of the molecular pumps which throw out medicinal substances from a cell, with high activity of detoxication system, and also with repression of the programmed cell death providing a cellular homeostasis and genetic stability of an organism. Repression of the programmed cell death can occur as a result of a natural progression of a tumor and leads to formation of a phenotype of its multidrug resistance.


Background: Scorpion envenomation is considered as one of the Public Health problems in some countries in the world including Iran. Annually, approximately 30,000 scorpion stings happen in Iran from which 12% belongs to Hemiscorpius lepturus (special small closely spaced, bead-shaped jointed tail, similar in the shape to a cows tail, and is locally called ''gaodim'' (Gao, cow; dim, tail)) with 95% mortality. The main treatment is antiserum therapy which is produced in horse and is the only way to neutralize the venom. Due to the anaphylactic shock of the horse antiserum in some of the stung patients other source of antiserum is recommended. In this study the ability of produced camel antiserum in neutralizing the scorpion venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus was performed in Balb/c model. Methods: Camel is an animal model that genetically is compatible with human genome utilized in this research to produce antiserum against scorpion venom. Two camels were used for immunization with the venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus . ELISA method was used to confirm the immunity. Antiserum was produced and used for neutralizing test. The precipitated antiserum with saturated ammonium sulfate (SAS) was also used to perform the neutralizing test in mice. Results: The results indicated that the amount of 200 µl of antiserum and 400 µl of SAS antiserum were able to neutralize the amount of 1 LD100 of the venom and the survived the mice from death. Conclusion: The result indicated that camel antiserum against scorpion venom is capable to neutralize the crude venom in mice model. Due to the safety of camel serum in human, it is suggested that the produced antiserum in camel can be substitute with the traditional horse antiserum in scorpion stung patients. Abstract


The global economy will grow 3 to 3.5 percent this year, 0.5 percent higher than last year's 2.6 percent, and surpassing the average growth rate of 3.1 percent during 2000-08, before the financial crisis. The magnitude of the gains will depend on, among other factors, the share of oil imports in gross domestic product (GDP). Oil exporters (including Russia) can see a sharp fall in growth deteriorating fiscal balances with significant regional consequences. Low oil prices have significantly affected the economies of the oil exporters - accounting for 2-3 of the countries in the region. Economic growth in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is expected to continue on the same path in 2016. If the security situation in Libya improves and oil exports increase, the regional average can surge to 4 percent to 5 percent in 2016.


A 70-year-old white man presented with a solitary eyelid nodule of 6 months' duration. Because lymphoma could not be excluded on the initial biopsy, the mass was completely excised. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Kimura disease, an uncommon chronic inflammatory condition. Peripheral eosinophilia was present. The patient did not have any other lesions of Kimura disease on follow-up examination. The clinical, radiologic, histologic, and electron microscopic findings of Kimura disease are discussed. To our knowledge, solitary involvement of the eyelid has not been reported previously. Kimura disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of an eyelid mass lesion.


This paper presents a limit order book (LOB) market mechanism design for transactive energy systems. The proposed design is planned for deployment in New Hampshire and Maine under a US Department of Energy Connected Communities project. The new LOB mechanism is intended to replace or work in conjunction with the conventional transactive energy double auction mechanisms designed for retail real-time electricity price discovery, and will facilitate significant scaling of transactive energy systems. The paper provides LOB market rules, clearing algorithm, and illustrative examples and discusses clearing algorithm performance and reliability. The proposed LOB design includes support for discovering prices arising from wholesale electricity markets, distribution system asset constraints, distributed energy resource constraints, and consumer willingness to consume or produce at a reservation price.


Frequency upconversion fluorescence property of Er3+-doped oxychloride germanate glass is investigated. Intense green and red emissions centred at 525, 546, and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions 2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, and 4F9/2→4I15/2, respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546, and 657 nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under 975 nm laser diode (LD) excitation. The Raman spectrum investigation indicates that oxychloride germanate glass has the maximum phonon energy at ~805 cm−1. The thermal stability of this oxychloride germanate glass is evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal stability factor ΔT (ΔT = Tx−Tg) is 187 degrees C. Intense upconversion luminescence and good thermal stability indicate that Er3+-doped oxychloride germanate glass is a promising upconversion laser material.


This paper deals with management challenges in emergent business networks in times of radical technological change. First, a framework describing the environment of emergent networks is proposed. Second, the processes which constitute the proposed phases of emergence are discussed. Finally, the core company-level tasks in each phase are identified and dynamic capabilities for managing these tasks are suggested.


One of the recently recognized microdeletion syndromes is the 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (593 kb; ∼29.5 Mb to ∼30.1 Mb), associated with developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and obesity. Less frequently reported is a smaller 220 kb deletion, adjacent and distal to this 16p11.2 deletion, which has been referred to as the atypical 16p11.2 deletion (220 kb; ∼28.74 Mb to ∼28.95 Mb). We describe three patients with this deletion and update the manifestations in two sibs who have been described as possibly new entity in this Journal in 1997 [Bakker and Hennekam (1997); Am J Med Genet 70:312–314] and were recently found to have the "atypical 16p11.2 deletion" as well. Patients show a developmental delay, behavioral problems, and unusual facial morphology (prominent forehead, downslanted, and narrow palpebral fissures), and some are obese. We suggest that this "atypical" deletion may turn out to become a microdeletion syndrome that will be recognizable in the future, or at least to show a phenotype that is recognizable in retrospect. As it may no longer be so "atypical," we suggest renaming the entity "distal 16p11.2 deletion," to distinguish it from the common proximal 16p11.2 deletion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The aim of the present study is to assess the qualitative aspect of drinking water supply of Firozabad city (India) through index method and comparing it with existing standards for important parameters. The main components of the study include a field sampling analysis of groundwater collected from three different sites viz. Agra Gate (S1), Suhag Nagar (S2) and Raja Ka Tal (S3) and it's Index is calculated from physico-chemical analysis of eight parameters taken together, which ranges from 235.56 to 576.59 indicating the heavy pollution load in water. The present paper also examines the occurrence of diseases in the households of Firozabad city obtained through field survey which shows that malaria, Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis and Cholera are most frequently diseases in the city inhabitants. The paper is concluded with few remedial strategies. Key Words: Water Quality, Water Quality Index, EIA, Health, Diseases, Firozabad City.


The results of monitoring of qualitative content of 8 onco-antigens (CK, CA-242, CA-19-9, CA-125, REA, AFP, SCC, NSE) in serum of 414 patients are presented. The examination of 62 patients with tumors of different localization was carried out in dynamics before and after treatment. The monitoring of concentration of onco-antigens in serum permitted to apply early diagnostics of malignant process to 9 out of 28 patients with unclear clinical symptomatic. The technique informativeness is demonstrated in pre-clinical diagnostic and prognosis of course of oncological diseases. The possibility of transitory increase of concentration of certain onco-antigens under nononcologic diseases returning to normal values after application of corresponding pharmaceutical treatment is revealed. The broader implementation of this technique into practice of public health is recommended.


Sites (n = 119) on drained mires located in the southern aapa mire zone in Finland were analysed by multivariate techniques. The compositional trends of the understorey vegetation were analysed by means of hybrid multidimensional scaling (HMDS). In addition to field classification, two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and flexible unweighted paired group arithmetic average (FUPGMA) classifications were used. The 1st HMDS dimension primarily reflected variation along a gradient from spruce mire influence to hummock-level bog influence. Variation in nutrient status was also connected to this gradient. Factors underlying the 2nd dimension were variation in nutrient status and drainage succession (moisture). Some sample plots representing herb-rich or Molinia-rich types were separated along the 3rd dimension. The variation in understorey vegetation (i.e. the ordination space) showed high maximum correlation with stand volume r = 0.81, mean annual stand volume increment r = 0.76, and post-drainage dominant height r = 0.75. The covariation between the vegetation and peat bulk density in both the 0–10 and 10–20 cm peat layers was also strong: r = 0.55 and r = 0.80. The correlations for Hv.Post were 0.64 and 0.81, respectively. Of the total macronutrient concentrations, phosphorus (r = 0.73, r = 0.75) and nitrogen (r = 0.59, r = 0.64) were the most strongly correlated with species composition. The environmental sample variables were also presented by the vegetation units of numerical classification. Most of the recorded variables, including nutrient amounts (kg ha–1), were examined in site quality (fertility) classes by succession phases as well. Border variants or transitional forms of the site types were common. Additional vegetation criteria (e.g. surface-water influence) more closely defined the ecology of the site. In addition to the site quality classes, a considerable amount of information about the tree stands, vegetation diversity and peat properties was associated with the separation of the succession phases, i.e. in this study transforming (phase II) vs. transformed (final phase III) sites. In conclusion, the actual vegetation appeared to well reflect various aspects of the ecological conditions, even in labile communities of commercial forests on drained peatlands.


BACKGROUND
By direct immunofluorescence (DIF), presence of immune complexes in the skin biopsy at various locations such as the dermo-epidermal junction, dermal blood vessels, etc. help to arrive at a diagnosis.

AIMS
(1) To study the role of DIF in confirmation or exclusion of diseases involving skin vis-à-vis histopathology and clinical diagnosis, (2) to describe the annual spectrum of dermatologic conditions that present to a tertiary referral center and require DIF examination of skin biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis.

METHODS
A total of 267 biopsies received over a period of 16 months in the Department of Immunopathology were analyzed along with clinical and histopathological details and the correlation between them was studied.

RESULTS
DIF was positive in 204 skin biopsies. Of these, 127 biopsies showed good clinico-immuno-histopathological correlation. In 10 cases, only DIF could clinch the diagnosis. In another nine cases, immune deposits were noted, which were unexpected in light of clinical and histopathological diagnosis. The most common skin involvement was seen in vasculitides. DIF was, however, non-contributory in lesions like erythema multiformè, post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris, pyoderma gangrenosum and prurigo nodularis.

CONCLUSION
The DIF of skin in conjunction with histopathology gives the best diagnostic yield. It is invaluable in confirming the diagnosis of small vessel vasculitides and bullous lesions of skin and can be used as an additional tool to pinpoint the diagnosis of systemic and localized autoimmune diseases involving the skin.


The code RETRAN-3D has been extensively applied in the project STARS at PSI to perform BE analysis for a range of operational and other (non-LOCA) transients for the Swiss NPPs, which include both PWRs and BWRs. Extensive assessment employing experimental and plant data has provided confidence in the applicability and accuracy of RETRAN-3D for the analysis of transients in both types of LWRs. In this context, this paper presents an in-depth study of the performance of the code for two types of applications. First, a detailed analysis of BWR/6 recirculation pump trip tests shows that the code is able to accurately predict the coupled neutronic and thermal-hydraulic behaviour during an operational transient in which plant-specific system features (e.g. SRI insertion, response of the recirculation line valves to changes in flow, etc.) play an important role. Second, RETRAN-3D is applied to BE analysis of a PWR beyond-design basis scenario, namely the failure of the RHR system during reactor shutdown. In-depth assessment of the results obtained demonstrates the applicability of RETRAN-3D and the need for employing a BE approach to predict a more accurate, shorter "time window" for operator remedial action than that estimated using the assumption of uniform primary temperature distribution.


Scholars have acknowledged that Mihr Chand, son of Ganga Ram (flourished c. 1759–86) is one of the finest artists to have flourished in the Mughal province of Awadh, at Faizabad and Lucknow, during the second half of the eighteenth century. Whilst it has been known that Mihr Chand received patronage from the British East India Company officer Antoine Polier (1741–95) and that the majority of his known works have been identified within the Polier-Hamilton collection at the Museum for Islamic Art in Berlin, very little investigative research has been undertaken that would identify the artist's career path and deconstruct his painterly style. Through comparative analysis of the collections amassed by Antoine Polier and his contemporaries, new information has come to light which identifies Mihr Chand's source material that inspired six of his oeuvres in the Polier-Hamilton albums.


Man has used plants for treatment and prevention of diseases since prehistoric times. The cost of antibiotics coupled with bacterial resistance especially in developing countries like Kenya, has made it necessary to upscale research on cheaper antibiotics with novel mechanism of action. Studies have demonstrated a promising potential of antimicrobial agents from plants which are also likely to be cost effective. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents and the antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Cassia didymobotrya Fres. leaves and stem bark. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done using established protocols while antibacterial activity was by the Agar Well Diffusion Method and assessment of zones of inhibition. E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the most susceptible organisms while S. aureus was the least susceptible. Leaf extracts generally showed better activity than the stem bark extracts.


Future regulatory and occupier requirements will increase the need and demand for existing offices to be refurbished. Meanwhile, prospective market trends would appear to favour the refurbishment of office space as a commercially viable alternative to redevelopment and relocation. This report describes the current economic, environmental and financial influences on the demand for refurbishment. It considers the changing requirements of regulators and office occupiers and assesses the key issues facing decision makers. The current lack of new-build development raises the likelihood of grade-A supply shortages when the occupier market returns from the current economic downturn, creating investment opportunities for refurbishment. With changing regulatory and occupier requirements set to increase demands for existing office space to be refurbished, owners need to re-assess their existing stock and consider the changes that may need to be made. To date, the misalignment of the interests of property owners and tenants has inhibited the implementation of improvements required to meet the Government's carbon reduction targets. Embodied energy conservation is set to become an increasingly important consideration for developers over the next decade as 'in-use' efficiency levels improve. The refurbishment of office space offers advantages over new-build, which can facilitate the achievement of economic, social and environmental sustainability. Achieving sustainability via refurbishment does not need to be difficult or expensive but does require an understanding of the interrelationships between costs, risks and benefits.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relative performance of European commercial real estate markets, with an emphasis on the three largest evolving markets for the recent new entrants to the EU in May 2005 namely, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Employing a panel data oriented approach, we examine the profiles of yield and rental movements with reference to the more mature markets in western Europe. The real estate data is based on constructed composite measure of yields and rental growth, which extract information from country data obtained from several sources. Country specific financial and macroeconomic time-series data likely to influence yields and rental growth are employed in the analysis. A number of hypotheses about the relative performance of the CEE countries relative to their western counterparts are investigated, including tests for heterogeneity in market structures across countries and over time.


This paper describes the operation effect of FACTS devices in the Korean power system. At the year of 2010, three FACTS devices is under commercial operation in the Seoul area. Among them, 345kV STATCOM at Mi-Geum substation and 345kV SVC at Dong-Seoul substation are very close at their electrical and geographical distance. Therefore, the additional analysis including interaction and mutual transient is necessary. Therefore, a detailed EMTDC/PSCAD simulation model was developed and steady-state/transient analysis was implemented.


The use of various methods lead to the level of student understanding of the material becomes less. Characteristics of students who are active are less channeled into things - a positive thing because the use of methods that are less varied. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation method Teacher Everyone Is Here on integrated thematic teaching fourth grade II subtema semsester Heroism attitude SD Petompon 01 Semarang. This study used a qualitative research approach that research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of people and behaviors that can be observed. Processing the data using descriptive analysis by stating the percentage of research results in the form of observations in the form of a percentage is used to describe the percentage of the observation of teacher learning and student attitudes during the learning process. The results showed that the average of the results of observations of learning that has been done by the teacher showed a "very good" by 36.50% and the results were "good" by 50.00%. Based on this study suggest that the method Teacher Everyone Is Here disseminated to teachers in the classroom so that students do not feel bored .


The paper proposed an algorithm which purpose is searching for a substring of characters in a string. Principle of its operation is based on the theory of non-deterministic finite automata and vector-character architecture. It is able to provide the linear computational complexity of searching for a substring depending on the length of the searched string measured in the number of operations with hyperdimensional vectors when repeatedly searching for different strings in a target line. None of the existing algorithms has such a low level of computational complexity. The disadvantages of the proposed algorithm are the fact that the existing hardware implementations of computing systems for performing operations with hyperdimensional vectors require a large number of machine instructions, which reduces the gain from this algorithm. Despite this, in the future, it is possible to create a hardware implementation that can ensure the execution of operations with hyperdimensional vectors in one cycle, which will allow the proposed algorithm to be applied in practice.


first performed by Dr. Storber in I84I; and Mr. Critchett first perforned it in this country. The operation was fully described. The haemorrhage, as a rule, was slight, and could be controlled by a stream of water from sponges. A light pad of lint and bandage over the lids was all the dressing requited. Abscission of the anterior half of the eye was an operation in which Mr. Bickerton had no faith. He described the modes of operating for soft cataract: I, by making a small incision into the cornea and evacuating the lens by one or two operations; 2, extraction by suction. The lens may be removed at once by this process; but no more suction-force should be employed than is sufficient to bring it away with ease. The author found that, when the lens was very soft, suction was not required. In hard traumatic cataracts, Von Grafe originated the traction operation; and it has been extended to other cataracts by Dr. Schuft. The various steps of the process were explained, and the scoops, etc., shewn. This did not give good results; and its place had been taken by Von Grafe's modified linear extraction. The author went very fully into the mode of doing this; explaining the various steps and the precautions to be taken, as well as the after-treatment. He had found the results in his own hands more satisfactory than those of any other operation on the eye. Capsular cataract was removed by one or two needles; and, if this failed, by a broad needle through an opening in the cornea. In some cases, it was necessary to enlarge this, and to take away a portion of the iris. Artificial pupil should be made as central and well defined as possible directly behind a clear cornea, and that which was least altered in curvature. The modes of doing it were: i, removal of a portion of the iris; 2, withdrawing a portion of the iris, iridodesis; 3, incision of the iris. It was required for inflammatory adhesions; dense nebulo of the cornea over the centre of the pupil. In the latter, iridodesis was very useful. The author described the several operations, and also a modified one by himself. He then entered into the question of iridectomy, and spoke strongly in its favour, enumerating the several affections in which it should be employed. The ratiotale of its action was uncertain; but it effected a change in the circulation and in the secretion of aqueous humour. There was a very intimate relation, through the ciliary muscle, between the iris, choroid, and retina. In describing the operation, the author said he seldom found it necessary to give chloroform; and that he used Von Grafe's marrow knife for modified linear extraction, making the incision on a small scale. He had also done the operation with the conjunctival flap, as in modified linear extraction, and had found it very satisfactory. In colnsidering the relative practical value of iridectomy, division of the ciliary ligament, and division of the ciliary muscle, he was of opinion that each was of very great value in Prop1erly selected cases. He then gave an interest. ing history of the operations for punicturing the eyeball, from the time -when it was first practised by Dr. Whyte of Manchester in I802 up to the present time. In conclusion, he alluded to the evacuation of effusion between the retina, choroid, and sclerotic, by two needles, and laceration of these tissues, as practised by Messrs. Bowman and Hulke.


Background: Balance is important for maintaining activities of daily living and functional independence. Whether balance is improved in cancer patients after fitness training is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if 12-weeks of exercise improves balance and posture in female cancer patients. Methods: Thirty-eight female cancer patients were enrolled. Of the 16 patients who completed the program (mean age±SD: 65±10 years), 12 participants were novice and 4 were experienced exercisers. Six-weeks of exercise sessions were provided in-person and the remaining sessions were virtually delivered. The American College of Sports Medicine's exercise recommendations were followed. Novice exercises received 36, 90-minute exercise sessions (3x/week) and experienced exercisers had 24, 90-minute sessions (2x/week). Posture was measured using the plumb line method and overhead squat test; balance was measured using the unipedal single leg stance and limits of stability (LOS). Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility were also measured. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests were used to determine significant differences. Results: Balance on the left leg (eyes closed) and LOS with leftward excursion were significantly improved in experienced exercisers (P=0.0029), but not in the novice group (P=0.0013). Qualitative data showed that experienced exercisers had improved static and dynamic postural alignment of the lower body. Conclusions: While cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness significantly improved in the novice group, these patients did not show balance and postural improvements. Only the experienced exercisers had significant improvements in static and dynamic balance and lower body posture.


Background: Enterococcus faecalis has been widely used as a valuable microbiological pathogen for in vitro studies due to its ability to successfully colonize the root canal in a biofilm-like style, invade dentinal tubules, and resist endodontic treatment procedures.The aim of this study was to compare the bactericidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT), 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% NaOCl, and combination of PDT and 2.5% NaOCl against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth had their canals contaminated with E. faecalis in brain heart infusion broth and were incubated for 48 hours.The canals were then subjected to 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% NaOCl, PDT (red light emitting diode 625 nm+ Toludine Blue) and PDT + 2.5% NaOCl. Controls consisted of no treatment (positive control) and without inoculation of bacterium (negative control). Following treatment, the canal contents were sampled with sterile paper points.The samples were dispersed in transport medium, serially diluted, and cultured on blood agar to determine the number of colony forming units (CFU). Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at 5% significance level. The significance level for all analyses was set at P <.05. Results: Combination of PDT and 2.5% NaOCl achieved maximum reduction in recovered viable bacteria, no viable bacteria was observed after treatment of PDT + 2.5% NaOCl. Conclusion: Combination of PDT and 2.5% NaOCl simultaneously is effective in the elimination of E. faecalis from dentinal tubules under the conditions of this study.


PURPOSE
Cultured human limbocorneal epithelial (HLE) cells secrete endostatin-related molecules that are augmented when the cells are cultivated on denuded amniotic membrane (DAM). This study is to identify mechanisms for enhanced endostatin production by HLE cells cultivated on AM.

METHODS
HLE cells were cultured on dish, on intact AM (IAM) or on DAM. Collagen XVIII alpha1 mRNA was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. In HLE/DAM cultures, inhibitors of MMPs (GM-6001; 1,10-phenanthroline), cathepsins (E64; cathepsin B inhibitor II), elastase (elastatinal), and serine proteases (AEBSF; aprotinin) were added. Endostatin in the conditioned medium (CM) was detected by Western blot. MMP-7; MMP-9; and cathepsins B, K, L, and V in the CM were quantitated by ELISA. Exogenous cathepsin B or V was added to the concentrated HLE/DAM CM to see the effect on endostatin production.

RESULTS
The expression of collagen XVIII alpha1 mRNA in the three groups was similar. Elastatinal, AEBSF, and aprotinin had no effect on endostatin generation. MMP inhibitors inhibited the generation of all the 20- and 28- to 30-kDa endostatin-related fragments, while cathepsin inhibitors inhibited only the 20-kDa endostatin. The level of MMP-7 and cathepsin B but not cathepsin V increased as the culture time increased, and paralleled with endostatin production. However, cathepsins K and L were absent in the CM. Exogenous cathepsins B and V further augmented the generation of endostatin.

CONCLUSIONS
MMP-7 and cathepsins B and V are involved in the generation of endostatin by HLE cells. Facilitating endostatin generation may be a novel physiological function of the cornea-specific cathepsin V.


Background: Even though there is an extensive body of literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have experienced armed conflict, there are still many grey areas, especially in relation to civilian participants in hostilities. This article evaluates how socio-demographic factors and the interactions between them have influenced PTSD among civilians involved in the recent war in Ukraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 314 adults, 74 women, and 235 men. The mean age was 34.08 years. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results: Our findings show that predictors of posttraumatic stress are loss of a loved one, place of residence, gender, continuation of education, and health insurance. We demonstrated that PTSD produced by the loss of a loved one as a result of war is determined by participation in the education system, whatever the level of education. The literature emphasises the importance of social support, e.g., from the family. We demonstrated that having children is associated with a risk of more severe PTSD, causing serious mental strain among participants of hostilities. We discovered that material security lowers PTSD, but only among people who have no children. Conclusions: PTSD is the result of not only the violence and damage caused by war but also of other stressful circumstances associated with the social and financial conditions of life. Further research needs to focus on identifying modifiable risk factors and protective factors that could be embraced by intervention strategies. Our findings can inform the goals behind therapeutic support for civilian participants of hostilities, and implications for social work. Social work professionals are encouraged to engage in direct questioning and to maintain a supportive and safe environment for participants in hostilities, e.g., in the area of education. Trauma-affected people need to be given opportunities to build up their strengths and increase their psychological resources towards well-being. Social security (health insurance, savings, material security) should be taken into account when working with people affected by PTSD.


Asthma needs continuous treatment often for years. In humans, some drugs are administered via aerosol, therefore they come in contact with both respiratory and olfactory mucosa. We explored the possibility that antiasthma corticosteroid treatment could influence the olfactory function by passage through the nose. A group of mice was exposed twice daily for 42 days to fluticasone propionate aerosol and was compared with a control group. Olfactory behavior, respiratory mechanics, histology, and immunoreactivity in the olfactory system were assessed. Fluticasone-treated mice were slower in retrieving a piece of hidden food, but both groups were similarly fast when the food was visible. When a clearly detectable odor was present in the environment, all mice behaved in a similar way. Respiratory mechanics indices were similar in all mice except for the viscose resistance, which was reduced in fluticasone-treated mice. Olfactory mucosa of fluticasone-treated mice was thicker than that of controls. Slight but consistent differences in staining were present for Olfactory Marker Protein but not for other proteins. A mild impairment of olfactory function is present in mice chronically treated with fluticasone aerosol, apparently accompanied by slight modifications of the olfactory receptor cells, and suggests monitoring of olfactory function modifications in long-term steroid users.


Mainstream cigarette smoke particles were collected by means of a smoking machine, and sidestream particles were collected from the room in which the smoking took place. The particles were extracted by sonication with acetone, and the extracts were solvent-exchanged to dimethyl sulfoxide. The samples were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. The mainstream extract is preferentially mutagenic in the presence of S9, with about 30,000 revertants/cigarette in TA98, but has little or no activity in its absence. The sidestream extract is also mutagenic in the presence of S9 with TA98, and this activity is mainly due to basic compounds. Sidestream smoke is also significantly mutagenic in the absence of S9 in the strain TA100 as well as in TA97 and TA104. This "direct" activity is due to components that are labile. The response of sidestream particles is 10,000-20,000 revertants/cigarette in TA98 + S9 and TA100-S9 when the collection is performed in a room where the particle concentration is modulated by deposition to surfaces. Sidestream particles collected on glass fiber filter and by electrostatic precipitation (ESP) with a commercial air cleaning device gave essentially the same mutagenic response, showing that ESP sampling may be an alternative to filter sampling for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in indoor environments. ESP sampling in children's rooms in smoking and nonsmoking homes showed that 5-10% of the tobacco smoke emitted in the smoking homes entered the child's room, demonstrating that diffusion of pollutants is faster than ventilation in modern buildings with low ventilation rates.


BackgroundRelapses in vivax malaria have posed great challenges to malaria control, accounting for a great proportion of reported cases. Knowing the real effectiveness of 7 day primaquine (PQ) scheme is crucial to understand not only the cost-effectiveness of implementing new anti-hypnozoite drugs but how health education strategies can guarantee better compliance and be reinforced. This study aimed the evaluation of the daily supervised treatment effect with chloroquine and PQ (in consented patients) versus prescription without supervision (non-consented patients), and the outcome was the passive detection of new positive thick blood smears until 180 days, based on the official data records from the National Malaria Control Program. The recurrences seen in the real life were therefore used as a surrogate for true relapses. Patients under supervised treatment had a lower risk of recurrence until day 180 when compared to the unsupervised treatment (17.9% vs 36.1%; p=0.027). The lack of consent in the non-supervised group (which followed standard of care in the real life) enabled proper comparison, as consent itself could lead to better compliance in this group. Future studies should scale such analysis to different settings in the Brazilian Amazon.


We have labelled cellulose nanofibrils with rhodamine B and characterized the grafting and the fluorescent properties by infrared and UV/visible spectroscopy together with fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cellulose nanofibrils were surface modified with amine groups using 4-(Boc-aminomethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate, that allows grafting of a wide number of commercially available molecules that e.g. contain carboxylic acid groups. The amine-modified cellulose nanofibrils were reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide-modified rhodamine B ester through the amidation reaction. The labeling of the dye onto CNF results in a red-shift of the absorption and emission bands and despite some quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the surface-bound chromophore, it was possible to image the luminescent CNF at both low and high magnification using a confocal laser scanning microscope.


Excesses on positron and electron fluxes\char22{}measured by ATIC and the PAMELA and Fermi-LAT telescopes\char22{}can be explained by dark matter annihilation in the Galaxy, however, it requires large boosts on the dark matter annihilation rate. There are many possible enhancement mechanisms such as the Sommerfeld effect or the existence of dark matter clumps in our halo. If enhancements on the dark matter annihilation cross section are taking place, the dark matter annihilation in the core of the Earth will be enhanced. Here we use recent results from the IceCube 40-string configuration to probe generic enhancement scenarios. We present results as a function of the dark matter-proton interaction cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\chi}p}$ weighted by the branching fraction into neutrinos ${f}_{\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}$ as a function of a generic boost factor ${B}_{F}$, which parametrizes the expected enhancement of the annihilation rate. We find that dark matter models that require annihilation enhancements of $\mathcal{O}(100)$ or more and that annihilate significantly into neutrinos are excluded as an explanation for these excesses. We also determine the boost range that can be probed by the full IceCube telescope.


Three- and four-body nonadditivities in the uracil tetramer (in DNA-like geometry) and the GC step (in crystal geometry) were investigated at various levels of the wave-function theory: HF, MP2, MP3, L-CCD, CCSD and CCSD(T). All of the calculations were performed using the 6-31G**(0.25,0.15) basis set, whereas the HF, MP2 and the MP3 nonadditivities were, for the sake of comparison, also determined with the much larger aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The HF and MP2 levels do not provide reliable values for many-body terms, making it necessary to go beyond the MP2 level. The benchmark CCSD(T) three- and four-body nonadditivities are reasonably well reproduced at the MP3 level, and almost quantitative agreement is obtained (fortuitously) either on the L-CCD level or as an average of the MP3 and the CCSD results. Reliable values of many-body terms (especially their higher-order correlation contributions) are obtained already when the rather small 6-31G**(0.25,0.15) basis set is used. The four-body term is much smaller when compared to the three-body terms, but it is definitely not negligible, e.g. in the case of the GC step it represents about 16% of all of the three- and four-body terms. While investigating the geometry dependence of many-body terms for the GG step at the MP3/6-31G**(0.25,0.15) level, we found that it is necessary to include at least three-body terms in the determination of optimal geometry parameters.


Background. For esthetic considerations in anterior regions, abutments with high-strength ceramics such as alumina and zirconia have been developed as substitutes for titanium abutments. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of stress in prosthesis and bone components of an implant-supported FPD with different abutments by using 3D finite element analysis. Methods. Ceramic FPDs were made from the canine to the upper left second premolar with titanium fixtures. In order to investigate the stress distribution, forces of 100 and 300 N were applied at angles of 0, 15 and 35 degrees to the central fossa of the second premolar and pontic, as well as the cingulum of the canine crown. Force loading was static. After analyzing the mechanical properties of the materials, boundary conditions and loading were performed according to the existing averages, and subsequently, the results obtained from this analysis were analyzed. Results. The highest level of stress was observed in the distal crest of the posterior implant (23.20 MPa) under lateral forces (15 and 35 degrees) in a model with both titanium abutments. Conclusion. Lateral forces induced higher accumulation of stress in the implant and surrounding bone, while abutment change did not affect the distribution of stress.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the intelligibility of so-called 'pseudo-whispered speech' (pseudo-WS), as produced without voice nor pulmonic airstream by some alaryngeal patients prior to rehabilitation. Several perception tests were submitted to three experienced clinicians and three naive listeners, relying on the speech samples of 20 French native speakers: 10 alaryngeal speakers, solely using pseudo-WS when starting speech therapy up to six months after total laryngectomy, and 10 control speakers, recorded in the closest speech mode available, whispered speech (WS). Experts were asked to identify consonants (C) in the /a/+C+/a/ context and to rate intelligibility, unintended additive noise, and fluency on a likert-scale, while naive listeners completed a quantitative test of intelligibility. Intelligibility of WS was found to be high, with scores ranging from 46.33/54 to 53.67/54 (median 52.5, interquartile range 2.33) for the quantitative test, and segmental intelligibility ranging from 68.75% to 94.79% (median 87.5, interquartile range 17.71). Segmental confusion affected voicing in favour of unvoiced consonants, as previously reported in the literature. By contrast, intelligibility of pseudo-WS was found to be poor, with scores ranging from 1/54 (unintelligibility) to 28.33/54 (median 8.66, interquartile range 14.67) for the quantitative test, and segmental intelligibility ranging from 3.13% to 28.13% (median 9.24, interquartile range 14.58). Segmental intelligibility was not uniformly affected: stops, labials and unvoiced consonants were better identified than other categories. Finally, a significant correlation was found between global intelligibility and articulatory precision, while unintended additive noise and fluency seemed to play no role.


Robert Peel, as much as any man in the nineteenth century, transformed Great Britain into a modern nation. He invented our police force, which became a model for the world. He steered through the Bill which allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament. He reorganised the criminal justice system. He put Britain back on the gold standard; he invented the Conservative Party which we know today. He sent his constituents at Tamworth the first modern election manifesto. He settled Canada's border with the United States. Above all he tackled poverty by repealing the Corn Laws. Thanks to Peel the most powerful trading nation chose free trade and opened the door for our globalised world of today. Peel was not all politics. He built two great houses, filled them with famous pictures and was devoted to a beautiful wife. Yet he was a stiff, not easy to know. 'Such a cold odd man' wrote Queen Victoria - who later became a keen admirer - and Disraeli attacked him for dishonesty. Many followers never forgave him for splitting his Party. But when in 1850 he was carried home after a fall from his horse crowds gathered outside, mainly of working people, to read the medical bulletins. When he died a few days later, factories closed, flags flew at half mast and thousands contributed small sums to memorials in his honour. He was the man who provided cheap bread and sacrificed his career for the welfare of ordinary people. Douglas Hurd, like Peel, was Home Secretary and argued for Peel's One Nation philosophy. He too lived through a time of conflict in the Conservative Party and has watched its defeat and rebirth. In this biography, with one eye on the present, he charts Peel's life and work through the dramas of nineteenth-century politics.


Conjointly conceived by an archivist at the Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS, the French speaking PSB) and two media historians, this paper aims at discussing the diversity of uses of digitised AV heritage in Switzerland through the lenses of their professional experience. It focuses on the RTS as a particularly productive case study since the RTS has not only been a pioneer in digitising AV heritage and in promoting its holdings to the broader audience, but it also actively develops new tools for internal use, in particular speech to text technologies and more recently AI-based automation for image treatment and analysis, and datamining tools. Through a discussion of current projects at the RTS, the paper provides insights into the most recent uses and reuses of digitised AV heritage in Switzerland.


Programs to actively support young people's employment prospects have existed for decades in industrialized countries; however, they are relatively new in developing nations. In a broad sense, youth livelihood interventions support young people's means to earn a living, and include training, public service, youth entrepreneurship, and financial services. More narrowly, many practitioners define youth livelihood programs as activities targeting particularly vulnerable and marginalized groups in the informal economy, with a specific focus on self-employment. This guide adopts the broader definition and includes workforce development for the formal sector. This is an introductory guide written for practitioners with no or very limited knowledge about impact evaluation or quantitative research methods, but who nonetheless care about demonstrating the true results of their work. It speaks to program managers and local monitoring and evaluation (M&E) officers across all types of organizations active in the youth livelihood field: local and international NGO's, local and national government officials, and bilateral and multilateral donors. Given the diversity of backgrounds and experiences among practitioners, it is impossible to tailor this guide to everyone equally well. However, we have tried to provide a comprehensive discussion of evaluation methods for youth livelihood interventions so that readers can identify the sections most relevant to their own interests and needs. With this guide, we aim to equip readers with the basic set of concepts and tools needed to make informed decisions about how to best evaluate their programs. We seek to provide a clear understanding of the variety of evaluation options available and the considerations that will allow practitioners to choose the most appropriate one based on learning objectives and operational context. Moreover, we describe how to manage an impact evaluation if it is the assessment method of choice. Our overarching goal is to strengthen the foundation of sound programming and policymaking by increasing the number of quality evaluations in the youth livelihood field, thereby facilitating the scale-up and replication of successful interventions.


In practice cattle may be slaughtered at different combinations of age and weight. As each of these factors could affect meat quality traits, the present work aimed to identify which combination can be expected to increase overall meat quality of m. rectus abdominis of Charolais heifers. Totally, 40 heifers were slaughtered either at 26±1 or at 36±1 months of age. Young heifers were sampled at two different carcass weights (349±12 and 394±8 kg). Old heifers were also sampled at two different carcass weights (397±6 and 451±9 kg). The m. rectus abdominis was excised 24 h postmortem to determine metabolic enzyme activities, myosin heavy-chain isoform proportions, lipid contents, collagen content and collagen solubility. Shear force measurements were evaluated on raw and broiled meat after 14 days of ageing. Meat quality traits scored between 0 and 10 by sensory analysis. Increasing slaughter age from 26 to 36 months had no impact on either raw/broiled shear force (0.31⩽P⩽0.47) and/or meat quality traits (0.62⩽P⩽0.91) or on physicochemical properties of heifer's meat samples. Increasing carcass weight for a similar slaughter age of 26 months had also impact neither on meat quality traits (0.52⩽P⩽0.91) nor on muscular properties. On the contrary, increasing carcass weight for a similar slaughter age of 36 months had induced a decrease of muscular shear force (raw muscle; P=0.009) and a concomitant decrease of total collagen content (P=0.03). Nevertheless, no significant impact on meat quality traits was revealed by the sensorial panel (0.13⩽P⩽0.49). Metabolic enzyme activities (0.13⩽P⩽0.86) and myosin heavy-chain proportions (0.13⩽P⩽0.96) were not significantly impacted by slaughter age and carcass weight. Thus, the impact of increasing carcass weight and/or slaughter age in young Charolais heifers has a limited impact on meat quality traits and associated muscular characteristics. Modulating heifer's cycles (age and/or carcass weight in the studied range) appears to be a way to answer to the numerous marketing chains, without penalising meat quality traits.


This is part of a case study designed to confirm that high frequency, high resolution pressure data measured at the wellhead of a pumpjack well can be used to evaluate and optimize the performance of the downhole pump. This paper will provide the rationale for the concepts and methods that will be used and tested during field trials of this approach.
 For the field trials, participants are installing high-performance pressure monitoring devices on the tubing of rod pump wells upstream of the flow line check valve. Additional devices are being installed on the flow line. These Internet of Things (IoT) devices are rated for Class I, Division 1 hazardous zones, measure pressure at one-second intervals, and have a pressure resolution of 0.006 psi. The per-second pressure measurements are also time-synchronized and temperature-compensated for accuracy and will be delivered to a cloud-based data service over the course of several weeks.
 For each well, the difference in pressure between the tubing and flow line will be analyzed in five-minute data windows. The pressure differential from each five-minute data window will provide a clear picture of the pressure the pump exerts on the flow line over the course of an average pumping cycle during that interval. Because pressure can be used as a proxy for flow, fill and efficiency at the bottom hole pump can be deduced from the calculated flow profile at surface, eliminating the rods and their associated error as the conduit of pump performance data. Assessments of pump performance using this technique will also be compared to results from production tests to determine how effective this technique is in evaluating rod pump performance. The large sample of five-minute data windows collected over the course of a month will test the technique against varying operational conditions. Furthermore, we will determine if particular pressure trends, as outlined in this paper, correlate with certain pump conditions during field trials, which would be of use for diagnosing pumping issues.
 The approach of using high frequency, high resolution pressure measurement at the wellhead to assess downhole pump performance has shown promise in a previous case study (SPE-209253-MS). The current case study will add to the body of literature around this technique. Success with this technique would offer an economical alternative for monitoring rod pump performance of aging wells.


STUDY OBJECTIVE
To determine associations and differences in sleep-wake patterns among children and their parents and to explore the correlates for sleep-wake patterns among adults.

DESIGN
A school-based cross-sectional survey.

PARTICIPANTS
Sample included 1479 fourth to eighth graders and their parents, using a multistage sampling method.

INTERVENTIONS
N/A.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Students and their parents completed a Sleep Habit Questionnaire, which included sleep schedules, a mood scale, and the morningness/eveningness scale. Statistical methods included Pearson and Spearman correlations and analysis of variance using a mixed model. Results showed low correlations in sleep schedules and sleep-wake patterns between children and those parents who did not work shifts or have an evening or night job. Compared to their children, parents tended to go to bed and rise later, have shorter nighttime sleep duration, have less weekend compensation of sleep, and have the morning-type sleep profile. In addition, junior-high students (seventh and eight graders) demonstrated different sleep-wake patterns compared to elementary-school students (fourth to sixth graders). Young age, moodiness, and shift work were associated with tendencies to be the evening type among parent participants.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that age, social demands (school work for children and adolescents and employment type for adults), and mood status are associated with sleep-wake patterns. Future study examining the association between evening-sleep type and neurotic traits and psychopathology in the adult population will be our next step.


Power systems are a vital infrastructure for the functioning of the society, generally regarded as one of the most critical infrastructures. Past power system blackouts (e.g., the Canadian ice-storm and New-Zeeland Power outage in 1998, the U.S. blackout in 2003, the European blackout in 2006 and the Indian blackout in 2012) have revealed the inherent vulnerabilities of power systems as well as the catastrophic consequences of major power supply disruptions. Hence it is of utmost importance to ensure both reliable and robust power supply to the society. Here it is argued that methods for vulnerability analysis complements traditional reliability oriented methods. The aim of the paper is to, through a numerical example, more readily discuss how the presented vulnerability oriented methods can be used in a decision context and how the results can be used from a system operator perspective, as such a topic is to a large extent lacking in current research literature. Three types of vulnerability analyses, addressing structural and geographical vulnerabilities, are demonstrated by using the IEEE RTS96 transmission system. The conclusion is that the presented vulnerability methods can give guidance towards what types of hazards and threats the system is vulnerable to and give guidance in decisions of how to decrease the vulnerability of the system. (Less)


In laser fusion experiments the interesting phenomena occur on a picosecond timescale. Short-pulse lasers in combination with high resolution optics offer a powerful diagnostic tool. After a short description of the principles and experimental techniques I discuss three specific areas of the laser-plasma interaction problem, namely heat transport in the corona of a laser heated pellet, density profile steepening by light pressure and the generation of magnetic fields.


A process and temperature variation calibration scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed system uses the supply voltage and body bias to calibrate the device parameters to match those of a certain process corner that is determined by the system designer. This scheme is characterized by its ability to dynamically change the desired mapping target according to the computational load. Moreover, the proposed system provides the ability to detect and control the n- and p-type variations independently through the use of an all-n and all-p ring oscillators. The calibration system has been implemented and simulated in TSMC 90-nm technology. Simulation results show that the system was able to reduce frequency spread (sigma) from 75 MHz to an average of 10 MHz and frequency variations from 34% to 3.1%. The results also show the system's ability to compensate for dynamic load variations.


One of the fundamental difficulties that arise in several fields, comprising pattern recognition, machine learning and statistics, is clustering. The concept of green computing has attracted much attention recently in cluster computing. However, previous local approaches focused on saving the energy cost of the components in a single workstation without a global vision on the whole cluster, so it achieved undesirable power reduction effect. Other cluster-wide energy saving techniques could only be applied to homogeneous workstations and specific applications. The concept of green computing is a novel approach that uses live migration of virtual machines to transfer load among the nodes on a multilayer ring-based overlay. This scheme can reduce the power consumption greatly by regarding all the cluster nodes as a whole. Also that it can be applied to both the homogeneous and heterogeneous servers. Experimental measurements show that the new method can reduce the power consumption by 74.8% over base at most with certain adjustably acceptable overhead. The basic data clustering problem might be defined as finding out groups in data or grouping related objects together. A cluster is a group of objects which are similar to each other within a cluster and are dissimilar to the objects of other clusters. The similarity is typically calculated on the basis of distance between two objects or clusters. Two or more objects present inside a cluster and only if those objects are close to each other based on the distance between them. The major objective of clustering is to discover collection of comparable objects based on similarity metric. On the other hand, a similarity metric is generally specified by the user according to his requirements for obtaining better results. So far, there is no such technique available which absolutely fits for all applications. Some of the major difficulties concerning the existing available clustering approaches are that they do not concentrate on the entire needs effectively and require huge time complexity in case of clustering a great number of dimensions and bulky data sets. Efficiency of a particular clustering approach chiefly based on the definition of the distance, means that the measure of distance between the two objects in a particular cluster should be well defined using effective distance measures. Also it is necessary to know about the effect of constraints in clustering the objects. The use of constraints in clustering along with the effective distance measures will definitely provide better clustering results. So in order to provide better clustering approaches that fits for all applications and to improve the efficiency of data clustering, this paper proposes a comparative analysis of various algorithms to show the efficient data clustering algorithm.


Simultaneous, direct measurements of the radon and thoron contents in the air near the ground have been made, using apparatus adapted from those of Norinder et al. (1952) and Israel (1964). Data of the diurnal variations and the vertical distributions of radon and thoron are presented. According to measurements the vertical gradients of radon and thoron are greatest near the ground surface at night. The ratios between the concentrations of thoron and radon vary on an average from 0.1 to about 3.0 in the layer up to the height 3 m above the ground surface. Fourier analyses are made of variations with time of radon and thoron concentrations. For radon a few harmonics represent the diurnal wave. For thoron, however, several harmonics are needed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00612.x


Introduction: A restrictive transfusion strategy of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has been associated with at least non-inferior patient outcomes in a variety of clinical settings. In December 2014, we conducted an educational intervention which consisted of an oral presentation and computerized notifications at a single tertiary medical center. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of a simple and low-cost educational intervention aimed to promote awareness to transfusion guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all PRBC transfusions ordered between 2014 and 2017. The primary end point was defined as the percentage of PRBC transfused to patients with hemoglobin (Hb) ≥8 g/dL. Results: Between 2014 and 2017, a total of 27,475 PRBCs were transfused in our medical center. There was a continuous reduction in the percentage of PRBCs transfused at a Hb level ≥8 g/dL between 2014 and 2017, with a matching increase in the PRBC percentage transfused at Hb <7 g/dL (OR reduction of 42%, 95% CI 0.54–0.62 and OR increase of 68% [95% CI 1.56–1.81], respectively). Conclusion: A simple educational intervention likely contributed to sustained improvement in the appropriateness of PRBC transfusions.


In this paper, the comparison of performance degradation between selective emitter (SE) solar cell and traditional homogenous emitter (HE) solar cell under encapsulation and outdoor light exposure was investigated. One-cell small module experiments show that the performance degradation under encapsulation is mainly determined by the Jsc (short circuit current density) loss, which is calculated according to the EQE (external quantum efficiency) measurements for detail analyses, and SE one-cell module demonstrates a bigger Jsc loss than HE module does. The 72-cell SE modules present a similar power loss rate as the HE modules after encapsulation. After 360 days' outdoor exposure, SE module demonstrates more power losses compared with HE module; nevertheless, SE PV module still has a larger maximum power than standard HE module.


Although the quest for authenticity has been particularly foregrounded in self-narratives from the nineteen-sixties onwards, its long tradition goes back to St Augustine. This thesis endeavours to trace a genealogy of texts that foreground the problematics of locating and narrating a self: from the confessional to the legacies of the literature of the double, through to the modern and postmodern novel.
Ever since Augustine's Confessions, the preoccupation with the transformation and shaping of subjective experience into narrative forms has wrestled with the problem of whether the activity is one of locating the essence of a presumed unitary ontological self or of a continuous process of rewriting and constructing that self through narrative itself. The inherent contradiction in the activity of writing a self has long been understood by writers who, over the last seven centuries, have addressed the problem of doubling the self in and as text. Paradoxically, the inevitable dividedness that arises out of this process appears to reify the self even as it seeks to retain the illusion of presence.
In this thesis, I intend to demonstrate, how preoccupations regarded as 'postmodern' or as 'post-postmodern' emerge out of a long tradition of problematizing the writing of the self. Given the ephemeral nature of subjectivity as part of the on-going process of invention and projection, the impossibility of grasping any essential reality that can be located behind constructed textual masks serves to compound the problem. The emergent textual self, or selves, disappoint as mere approximations of verisimilitude; they essentially fail to provide a valid rendition of the idea of the self in the mind: an homunculus within the supposed "Ghost in the Machine".


In reciprocating IC engines, very precise predictions of the mass of air inducted are required in order to improve engine design. To achieve this goal, a deeper knowledge of the boundary conditions on intake and exhaust manifolds must be obtained. A set of very accurate experimental data is also needed to perform model validation. In this paper an experimental activity was performed on a pipe test-rig which guarantees high reproducibility of the fluid-dynamic transients. Based on the obtained data, the authors introduced two parameters, which are able to improve the precision of the dynamic models of the flow past valves and through sudden enlargements.


OBJECTIVE
To study relation of the expression of hTERT mRNA and cyclin A, p53 protein, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ameloblastoma (AB) and to investigate clinical biological characteristics of AB.

METHODS
The hTERT mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, cyclin A, p53 protein and PCNA by SP method. Normal oral mucosa and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) are comparition.

RESULTS
The positive ratio of hTERT mRNA was 1/7 cases in normal oral mucosa. The expression of cyclin A, p53 and PCNA in normal oral mucosa were similar, and the positive cells distributed in stratum basale. In OKC, the positive cells distributed in stratum basale and super-strrtum basale. And the positive ratio of hTERT, cyclin A, p53, PCNA in OKC was 14/16 cases, 4/32 cases, 11/25 cases, 5/9 cases, respectively. In AB, the positive ratio of hTERT mRNA, cyclin A, p53 protein and PCNA was 94.4% (51/54), 66.7% (40/60), 85.7% (42/49) and 78.1% (25/32), respectively. A strong correlation was found between hTERT mRNA with cyclin A, p53 protein and PCNA (r(s) = 0.914, 0.848, 0.804, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The expression of hTETR mRNA, cyclin A, p53 and PCNA is different in different tissues and lesions, and correlates with cell differentiation and clinical biology behaviour. Telomerase activity is related to cumulation of p53 protein, related to cell proliferation and differentiation, regulated by cyclin A, and higher in S phase.


A planar chiral structure composed of double-layer metallic wires with fourfold symmetry is proposed. The rotation angle and the dielectric layer thickness between double-layer metallic wires is optimized. The numerical simulation results show that the exceptionally strong polarization rotation and the large chiral parameter are found at the infrared wavelength, and show a negative refraction index in a certain band.


AIM
The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro differences of colony forming units (CFUs), of four different bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), over 4 days, using bovine blood, in five intravenous needleless connectors (three negative, one positive, one zero).

BACKGROUND
Availability of colony forming units creates a definitive environment for bloodstream infections and occlusions. Protection of the intraluminal pathway is one important way to help eliminate occlusions and catheter-related bloodstream infections and utilization of best available product(s) will aid in best patient outcomes.

METHODS
Five different connectors evaluated in 2009 by an independent laboratory for in vitro differences about colony forming units of four different organisms over 4 days.

RESULTS
The Q-Syte™ performed poorly on all organisms (P<0·0001). The MaxPlus(®) Clear and MicroCLAVE(®) fluctuated between high colony forming units (28·15 & 56·55 respectively) and zero colony forming units. The TKO™Clave(®) stayed increased (high of 50·8 colony forming units). The RyMed-5001(®) performed the best with very low colony forming units (2·25 CFUs to zero).

CONCLUSIONS
Non-antimicrobial connectors differ on colony forming unit counts in vitro for four types of bacteria. Connectors with most colony forming units to least colony forming units included the Q-Syte™, TKO™Clave(®), MicroCLAVE(®), MaxPlus(®) Clear and RyMed-5001(®). Connectors are one statistically significant variable (50%) in the development of occlusions and infections. Staff nurses, managers, infection control specialists and vascular access specialists in all settings need to use technologies that invoke the least patient harm. The RyMed-5001(®) connector best protects the intraluminal pathway from bacteria compared with four other commonly used connectors in vitro.


Tinoc, Ifugao is located within the Cordillera Central Range, Northern Luzon, Philippines. It is inhabited by the Kalanguya, one of the indigenous societies in the Cordillera, who have a long tradition of using medicinal plants. The paper describes ethnomedicinal importance of 125 plant species, and healthcare practices as cited by 150 informers ranging between 16-90 yrs. Various ailments that are treated by the identified medicinal plants vary from common diseases such as headache, stomachache, toothache, cough and colds, and skin diseases to more serious ailments which includes urinary tract infection, dysentery, and chicken pox. There are different modes of preparation of these medicinal plants. For instance, immediate treatment for cuts was demonstrated by using crushed leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum L. An increased efficacy was noted by creating mixtures from combining certain plants. The medicinal plants are summarized by giving their scientific name, family, vernacular name and utilization.


Games and simulations frequently model scenarios where obstacles move, appear, and disappear in an environment. A city environment changes as new buildings and roads are constructed, and routes can become partially blocked by small obstacles many times in a typical day. This paper studies the effect of using local updates to repair only the affected regions of a navigation mesh in response to a change in the environment. The techniques are inspired by incremental methods for Voronoi diagrams. The main novelty of this paper is that we show how to maintain a 2D or 2.5D navigation mesh in an environment that contains dynamic polygonal obstacles. Experiments show that local updates are fast enough to permit real‐time updates of the navigation mesh. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article explores how an allegedly 'non-hierarchical' and aestheticized managerial practice reconfigures power relations within a creative industry. The key problematic is 'governmental' in the sense suggested by Michel Foucault, in as much as the manager's ethical self-practice—which involves expressive and 'liberated' bodily comportment—is used tactically to shape the space of conduct of others in the company. The study foregrounds the managerial body as 'signifier' in its own right. Empirically, this is done through an analysis of video material produced by the film company Zentropa about their apparently eccentric Managing Director, Peter Aalbæk. Contrary to much of the literature discussing embodiment and ethics in organization studies, we do not identify an 'ethics of organization' dominated by instrumental rationality, efficiency and desire for profit which is ostensibly juxtaposed to a non-alienating, embodied ethics. Rather, when the body becomes invested in management, we observe tensions, tactics of domination and unpredictability.


In this paper, we study the crystallization of water due to fused quartz effect under shock compression by a gas gun and light transmission tests. The experimental results indicate that at 1.28 GPa water rapid crystallizes when the water has come into direct contact with the quartz glass. On the contrary, freezing cannot occur within 2 μs, demonstrating that the observed phenomenon of the liquid-solid phase transition of water can be promoted by the fused quartz. The dynamics of the phase transition is also discussed in this paper.


Embedded in the contemporary issue of gifted education is the contentious notion of ability grouping. The debate surrounding appropriate educational provision for gifted students continues to argue the cognitive and affective influences of ability grouping on gifted students. While recognising the various forms of intellectual giftedness, analysis of the research about mathematically gifted students, especially during adolescence is scarce and underrepresented (Diezmann and Watters, 2002). Adolescent boys' education coupled with a priority for mathematical giftedness is paramount in a time of technological development and advancing global partnerships for future sustainability. Recent Australian Senate Inquiries into Gifted Education (Collins, 2001), Declining Rates of Achievement and Perspectives of Adolescent Boys (Trent, 2001), and Boys' Education (Australian House of Representatives, 2002) highlight the interconnected relevance of examining mathematically gifted adolescent boys' education.


Purpose. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) permits the detailed visualization of clinically significant features of portal hypertension; however, it is an invasive procedure that is not widely available. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the features of portal hypertension detected using both Doppler ultrasound and EUS in subjects with liver cirrhosis. Materials and Methods. Analyzed cohort included 42 patients who underwent a detailed Doppler ultrasound focusing on the parameters of blood flow in the portal/splenic vein as well as an endoscopic/EUS procedure that included the assessment of the size and localization of "deep" varices. Results. The size of "deep" oesophageal varices detected with EUS exhibited no correlation with the parameters assessed by Doppler ultrasound. However, the size of the "deep" gastric varices detected using EUS correlated with the time averaged maximum velocity (Tmax as well as Vmin, Vmax) for the portal vein using Doppler ultrasound and exhibited a correlation with the Vmax and Tmax for the splenic vein. No significant correlation was determined between the diameter of the azygous vein and the thickness of the gastric wall when seen on EUS versus the parameters measured with Doppler ultrasound. Conclusion. EUS provides important information regarding the features of portal hypertension, and in the case of "deep" oesophageal varices exhibits a limited correlation with the parameters detected by Doppler ultrasound. Thus, despite its invasiveness, EUS is a method that provides a reliable and unique assessment of the features of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis.


In recent years several tools and methodologies have been developed to improve the dependability of spreadsheets. However, there has been little evaluation of these dependability devices on spreadsheets in actual use by end users. To assist in the process of evaluating these methodologies, we have assembled a corpus of spreadsheets from a variety of sources. We have ensured that these spreadsheets are suitable for evaluating dependability devices in Microsoft Excel (the most commonly used commercial spreadsheet environment) and have measured a variety of feature of these spreadsheets to aid researchers in selecting subsets of the corpus appropriate to their needs.


Abstract Background: The Smoke-free Policy represents a challenge in mental health services. Aim: To compare the stages of a smoke-free policy in a psychiatric hospital, according to the prevalence of smokers, hospital admission acceptance by hospitalized people, psychiatric complications, and the prescription of psychotropic drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with a comparison before and after implementing the Smoke-free Policy in a psychiatric hospital. Secondary data were obtained in 2020 from the medical records of 573 discharged people from psychiatric hospitalizations between September 2017 and August 2018. Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. Results: In the transition stage, there were more hospitalizations by court order, discharge motivated by the patient's disruptiveness behavior, administration of psychotropic drugs before the schedule time, physical aggression, physical/chemical restraints, length of stay, and dosage of psychotropic drugs. After the ban, there was a reduction in discharges motivated by the patient's disruptiveness behavior and an increase in discharge due to improvement in psychiatric symptoms, less occurrence of anticipation or modification in the use of psychotropic drugs, and fewer attempts to escape, aggressiveness, and physical restraint. Conclusion: The implementation of the Smoke-free Policy has a positive impact on psychiatric hospitalizations, with an increase in discharge due to improvement in psychiatric symptoms and a reduction in discharges due to other reasons. However, the transition stage requires greater attention from the nursing team, as the moment of adaptation to new rules and routines is followed by a momentary worsened behavior of those hospitalized.


A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for determination of glutathione in whole blood. Sample preparation involves hemolysis, protein precipitation, centrifugation, and filtration. The glutathione in the filtrate is then separated from other sulfhydryl-containing molecules by liquid chromatography with Zipax SCX cation-exchanger followed by detection with a mercury-based electrochemical detector. The liquid-chromatographic analysis time is approximately 5 min. Because of the chromatographic separation and the selectivity of the detector, the detection step is free from interferences from other components of blood. The method has been checked by comparison with the colorimetric assay based on reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The chromatographic results are consistently slightly lower, presumably because of the greater selectivity of this method.


Estimating the dynamic powers is crucial for power and energy efficient chip designs. With increasing variability from manufacture processes, dynamic powers can manifest significant variations due to uncertainties in device geometry and delay variations. In this paper, we propose a new statistical dynamic power estimation method considering the spatial correlation in process variation. We first show that channel length variation have significant impacts on the dynamic power of a gate. To consider the spatial correlation of channel length variation, we adopt a newly proposed spatial correlation model where a new set of uncorrelated variables are defined over virtual grids to represent the original physical random variables by least-square fitting. To compute the statistical dynamic power of a gate on the new set of variables, the new method applies the orthogonal polynomials based method. We use the segment-based statistical power method to consider impacts of the glitch variations on dynamic powers. The orthogonal polynomial of a statistical gate power is computed based on switching segment probabilities. The total full chip dynamic power expressions are then computed by summing up resulting orthogonal polynomials (their coefficients). Experimental results show that the proposed method has about 53X speedup over recently proposed statistical dynamic power analysis method and many orders of magnitudes over the Monte Carlo method.


Prostate cancer metastasis is a unique disease. The propensity of prostate cancer to metastasize to bone and the prognostic significance of bone metastasis suggest that effective treatment of bone metastasis may provide clinical benefits. Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been shown to play a central role in the interactions between the metastatic prostate cancer cells and bone. Although most prostate cancer bone metastasis is osteoblastic, it remains unclear which cell type is initially involved in the process. Other components in the bone, such as the endothelium and stroma, may also play important roles in this process. The osteoblastic feature of prostate cancer bone metastasis has led to therapies focused on targeting osteoblast activity. Clinical trials targeting osteoblasts use radiopharmaceuticals (strontium-89 and samarium-153), the endothelin A receptor inhibitor atrasentan, or the vitamin D analog calcitriol. Agents that target osteoclasts include bisphosphonates; those that target endothelial cells include thalidomide and bevacizumab. Although these clinical trials for bone metastasis may provide effective treatments, novel concepts of how prostate cancer cells selectively metastasize to bone may advance our understanding and provide improved treatments for this difficult clinical problem. We propose a refined "seed" and "soil" view of metastasis. We speculate that in prostate cancer bone metastasis, the seed may comprise the so-called cancer stem cells, whereas the soil may comprise an onco-niche, ie, a unique microenvironment, that facilitate the growth and survival of cancer stem cells. If so, targeting cancer stem cells or the onco-niche may offer another way to improve treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.


Objective\ To Study the effect of oltipraz and anti sence GST π on apoptosis of malignant transformed Rat 1 cell Methods GST π cDNA inserted retroviral expression vectors pDORneo were constructed into recombinant pDGSTas and transfected to T Rat 1 cell by Lipofectin;T Rat 1 cell containing anti sense GST π RNA(AT Rat 1) was obtained by G418 screening; then Rat 1,T Rat 1 and AT Rat 1 cells were treated by oltipraz, The apoptosis of above cells was analyzed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry examination. Results GST π protein content of AT Rat 1 is lower than that of T Rat 1 by ELISA.Oltipraz has a obvious effect of inducing AT Rat 1 cell apoptosis in 130 140mg/L. Meanwhile, it is shown that c fos mRNA of AT Rat 1 cell is higher experssion than that of T Rat 1 by Northern blot analysis. Conclusion The apoptosis of AT Rat 1 cell can be induced by a effective dose of oltipraz; The high expression of c fos gene and low expression of GST π gene are related to AT Tat 1 cell apoptosis.


Recent development of massive parallel-sequencing technology has revealed the genetic basis of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, epigenetic profiles of T-ALL, such as DNA methylation, have not been well characterized. To describe the epigenetic landscape of T-ALL, we investigated DNA methylation profiles of 79 cases with pediatric T-ALL by using the EPIC methylation array, which allowed us to perform more profound analyses, including the OpenSea region. Moreover, we conducted combined analyses of methylation data using our previous expression and mutation data. Based on DNA methylation profiles, pediatric T-ALL was clustered into four distinct subtypes, which exhibited remarkable association with genetic signatures and expression features, as well as profiles of normal T-cell development. Furthermore, our study revealed the importance of methylation status at binding sites of polycomb-repressive complex components and transcription factors, such as SPI1, in the classification of pediatric T-ALL based on DNA methylation status. These results might be helpful in the development of new therapeutic strategies for pediatric T-ALL.


Recently, remarkable progress has been made in automated task-solving through the use of multi-agent driven by large language models (LLMs). However, existing LLM-based multi-agent works primarily focus on solving simple dialogue tasks, and complex tasks are rarely studied, mainly due to the LLM hallucination problem. This type of hallucination becomes cascading when naively chaining multiple intelligent agents, resulting in a failure to effectively address complex problems. Therefore, we introduce MetaGPT, an innovative framework that incorporates efficient human workflows as a meta programming approach into LLM-based multi-agent collaboration. Specifically, MetaGPT encodes Standardized Operating Procedures (SOPs) into prompts to enhance structured coordination. Subsequently, it mandates modular outputs, empowering agents with domain expertise comparable to human professionals, to validate outputs and minimize compounded errors. In this way, MetaGPT leverages the assembly line paradigm to assign diverse roles to various agents, thereby establishing a framework that can effectively and cohesively deconstruct complex multi-agent collaborative problems. Our experiments on collaborative software engineering benchmarks demonstrate that MetaGPT generates more coherent and correct solutions compared to existing chat-based multi-agent systems. This highlights the potential of integrating human domain knowledge into multi-agent systems, thereby creating new opportunities to tackle complex real-world challenges. The GitHub repository of this project is publicly available on:https://github.com/geekan/MetaGPT.


Gradient descent or its variants are popular in training neural networks. However, in deep Q-learning with neural network approximation, a type of reinforcement learning, gradient descent (also known as Residual Gradient (RG)) is barely used to solve Bellman residual minimization problem. On the contrary, Temporal Difference (TD), an incomplete gradient descent method prevails. In this work, we perform extensive experiments to show that TD outperforms RG, that is, when the training leads to a small Bellman residual error, the solution found by TD has a better policy and is more robust against the perturbation of neural network parameters. We further use experiments to reveal a key difference between reinforcement learning and supervised learning, that is, a small Bellman residual error can correspond to a bad policy in reinforcement learning while the test loss function in supervised learning is a standard index to indicate the performance. We also empirically examine that the missing term in TD is a key reason why RG performs badly. Our work shows that the performance of a deep Q-learning solution is closely related to the training dynamics and how an incomplete gradient descent method can find a good policy is interesting for future study.


In order to study education and development, researchers can choose among a plethora of methods. The Merriam-Webster dictionary tells us that "method" means: a procedure or process for attaining an object …such as …a systematic procedure, technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular discipline or art " or "a way, technique, or process of or for doing something", or "a body of skills or techniques". Methods proper to the scientific study of education and development cover a very broad range of procedures, ranging from how to formulate and ask questions, how to design studies for answering such questions, how to perform such studies in real-world contexts, how to extract data and how to process them, how to relate processed data to answers on questions, how to communicate such questions and answers, and how to apply them to real world activities aimed at promoting education and development. This body of methods is customarily termed "methodology", which is a concept that includes the methods themselves but also our understanding of their relationships and their rational and scientific justification. Let us call this body of methods and the justifications "Integrative methodology". Researchers often tend to see this integrative methodology as a more or less autonomous set of good practice prescriptions. This view is consistent with practices of academic training in which methodology courses are offered separate from courses on disciplinarian contents, e.g. courses on development or educational science. As a consequence of this autonomy oriented view of methodology, scientific questions regarding development and education tend to be framed in terms of the available or habitual methods. For instance, we readily transform or translate concrete questions about the influence of some particular educational intervention in terms of a statistically significant difference between 2 representative samples that systematically differ in only one variable or feature of interest, which, in this case, is the intervention. Almost every word in this translation carries the heavy burden of methodological principles, concepts and presuppositions: "statistically", "significant", "difference", "representative", "sample", "systematically", "variable", and "intervention". And all these principles, concepts and presuppositions are taken from this autonomous body of integrative methodology, which forms our indisputable cookbook of good practices, outside of which no good — scientific — practices exist. The answers to questions that are shaped by this independent body of methodology will then contribute to existing theories of development and education. In this sense, it is the (allegedly) independent methodology that informs theory. In this chapter, we will move against this current practice and make the — apparently deeply obvious — claim that it must be theory that informs the questions and the way we shall answer these questions. That is, it must be theory – that is, your body of justified knowledge about a particular phenomenon – that informs, influences and determines methodology, that is, the whole of methods, procedures and instruments that you use to study that phenomenon. . The sort of theory that should inform integrative methodology must be an integrative theory, that is to say a theory consisting of a consistent set of general principles and concepts shaping the domains of inquiry, which in this particular case are the related domains of development and education


Multiview stereo image composition mainly depends on the type of the multiview stereo display device. Currently, multiview LCD optical plate autostereoscopic display device is common in the art, while the composition method is limited[1,2]. A new general multiview LCD stereo image composition method is proposed in this paper based on the optical plate LCD stereo display device. The proposed method mainly consists of three steps: sub-pixel judgment, sub-sampling of sub-pixel of each view, arrangement and composition of sub-pixels. The proposed method covers all possible cases of the optical plate LCD stereo display device. It has good universality and applicability. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the detailed stereo display device.