There are different multiple instance learning (MIL) pooling filters used in MIL models. In this paper, we study the effect of different MIL pooling filters on the performance of MIL models in real world MIL tasks. We designed a neural network based MIL framework with 5 different MIL pooling filters: `max', `mean', `attention', `distribution' and `distribution with attention'. We also formulated 5 different MIL tasks on a real world lymph node metastases dataset. We found that the performance of our framework in a task is different for different filters. We also observed that the performances of the five pooling filters are also different from task to task. Hence, the selection of a correct MIL pooling filter for each MIL task is crucial for better performance. Furthermore, we noticed that models with `distribution' and `distribution with attention' pooling filters consistently perform well in almost all of the tasks. We attribute this phenomena to the amount of information captured by `distribution' based pooling filters. While point estimate based pooling filters, like `max' and `mean', produce point estimates of distributions, `distribution' based pooling filters capture the full information in distributions. Lastly, we compared the performance of our neural network model with `distribution' pooling filter with the performance of the best MIL methods in the literature on classical MIL datasets and our model outperformed the others.


Recent re-opening policies in the US, following a period of social distancing measures, introduced a significant increase in daily COVID-19 infections, calling for a roll-back or substantial revisiting of these policies in many states. The situation is suggestive of difficulties modeling the impact of partial distancing/re-opening policies on future epidemic spread for purposes of choosing safe alternatives. More specifically, one needs to understand the impact of manipulating the availability of social interaction venues (e.g., schools, workplaces, and retail establishments) on virus spread. We introduce a model, inspired by social networks research, that answers the above question. Our model compartmentalizes interaction venues into categories we call mixing domains, enabling one to predict COVID-19 contagion trends in different geographic regions under different what if assumptions on partial re-opening of individual domains. We apply our model to several highly impacted states showing (i) how accurately it predicts the extent of current resurgence (from available policy descriptions), and (ii) what alternatives might be more effective at mitigating the second wave. We further compare policies that rely on partial venue closure to policies that espouse wide-spread periodic testing instead (i.e., in lieu of social distancing). Our models predict that the benefits of (mandatory) testing out-shadow the benefits of partial venue closure, suggesting that perhaps more efforts should be directed to such a mitigation strategy.


Network reconfiguration and capacitor switching are important measures to reduce power loss and im prove security and economy in automation of distribution. A new method based on parallel genetic algorithm is proposed to search the whole problem space for better solution. Multiple populations evolve independently and communicate periodically, which simulates parallel computing process to save computing time. The results show that the method is robust and has better benefit than the alterafive iteration method. In addition, the effect of overall optimization is better than optimization alone. Power loss can be reduced and the level of voltage can begreatly improved.


OBJECTIVES
First, to differentiate between inattention and impulsivity based on type of errors made in the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and second, to investigate whether differences in performance between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls also occur in specific forms of brain activity, namely event-related potentials (ERPs), presumably related to inattention and impulsivity or inhibition.

METHOD
Sixteen ADHD and 16 normal control children performed the CPT-AX. ERPs were recorded at occipital (Oz), parietal (Pz), central (Cz), and frontal (Fz) leads.

RESULTS
The ADHD children had a higher CPT-Inattention score and showed smaller parietal positive waves at a latency of approximately 300 msec in reaction to target stimuli, target P3s, likewise indicating less attention. In contrast, they showed neither higher CPT-Impulsivity nor a smaller frontocentral negative wave at about 200 msec (N2); the N2 is generally seen as reflecting inhibition. A subgroup of children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (n = 6) had smaller N2 waves than controls, however.

CONCLUSIONS
The ADHD group studied showed deficits in attention but not in impulsivity (or inhibition).


The structures of cyclic DNA codes of odd length over the finite rings R=Z_{4}+wZ_{4}, w^{2}=2 and S=Z_{4}+wZ_{4}+vZ_{4}+wvZ_{4},w^{2}=2,v^{2}=v,wv=vw are studied. The links between the elements of the rings R, S and 16 and 256 codons are established, respectively. Cyclic codes of odd length over the finite ring R satisfies reverse complement constraint and cyclic codes of odd length over the finite ring S satisfy reverse constraint and reverse complement constraint are studied. Binary images of the cyclic DNA codes over the finite rings R and S are determined. Moreover, a family of DNA skew cyclic codes over R is constructed, its property of being reverse complement is studied.


The aim of this paper is to explore Crowdfunding as a new form of Open Innovation for SMEs and family business in the Agri-Food sector which usually do not have the same skills and tools to operate with conventional own Crowdsourcing methods. The study first has analyzed the principal literature and data available on Crowdfunding and the Food industry in order to describe the state of the art in this subject. Afterwards the focus of the paper goes to the analysis of the Italian case. The study used a deep qualitative approach because of an important lack of data and information on this subject. Nine depth interviews to key informants of the sector have been carried out investigating the market players, the normative regulations, the businesses models and the evolution of Crowdfunding for the Agri-Food industry in Italy. The research finds that Crowdfunding for Agri-Food industry can be important for both its profitability and the development of the sector, but that nowadays the Italian market is still in its primordial phase. Crowdfunding is very suitable for SMEs business which represents the vast majority of the Agri-Food Italian market and the use of this instrument could be beneficial for it.


Race Relations in World Perspective. Ed. ANDREW W. LIND. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1956. xix, 488. Index. $6.00. Two years ago, the University of Hawaii, the University of California, and the University of Chicago sponsored jointly an international conference on race relations for which the papers in this volume were prepared. Dr. Andrew W. Lind of the University of Hawaii, to whom most of the credit for the conference should be given, has edited many of the more significant contributions and prepared a brief introduction to them. From the outset, the conference concerned itself with race relations, conceived in the broadest sense, as they exist between Europeans, Africans, South Americans, and amongst Asians themselves. Several papers on the Asian scene are of particular interest, notably Dr. Lind's "Occupation and Race on Certain Frontiers," in which a comparison is made between the development of race relations in Malaya and Hawaii; "Race Relations in the Soviet Union," by Walter J. Kolarz which is concerned mainly with Central Asia; Yuzuro Okada's "Race Relations in Formosa Under the Japanese," and Maurice Freedman's "The Chinese in Southeast Asia." Apart from Dr. Lind's paper, none of these offer special insight into race problems in Asia; conference discussions on these areas were frequently more illuminating. J. S. Furnivall's paper on the "Administrative Aspect of Racial Relations in the Tropical Far East" deals briefly with the economic and political problems of new states. Key papers in this volume are Clarence Glick's "Social Roles and Types in Race Relations," in which he provides a particularly illuminating analysis of the "phases" in racial relations in colonial areas between indigenous peoples and the Europeans, and Dr. Everett Hughes' paper on "New Peoples," an essay on the new Asian and African states and their racial and ideological content; both papers are thought-provoking and are of great relevance to students of contemporary affairs.


Duck's leg and breast of Indonesian native duck were analized in laboratory to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) such as naphthalene, acenaphtene, phenentrene, flourantene, pyrene, benzoantrasene and perylene. The result showed that naphthalene, flourantene, pyrene, benzoantrasene and perylene in leg's duck was higher than breast duck. Total fat of legs (5.87%) were higher than breast (3.31%). This result showed that total fat of raw duck meat influence PAH formation. Antioxidant activity of leg was higher than breast's duck (8.79% : 5.1%). This result showed that endogenous antioxidant did not able to prevent PAH formation.


Abstract. Amounts of insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs) deposited on the surface of snow and ice can significantly reduce the snow albedo and accelerate the snow melting process. In this study, ~ 67 snow/ice samples were collected in 7 high mountain glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) regions from May 2013 to October 2015. The mixing ratio of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust (MD) was measured using an integrating sphere/integrating sandwich spectrophotometer (ISSW) system associated with the chemical analysis by assuming the light absorption of mineral dust due to iron oxide. The results indicate that mass mixing ratios of BC, ISOC, and MD show a large variation of 10–3100 ng g -1 , 10–17000 ng g -1 , 10–3500 ng g -1 , with a mean value of 218 ± 397 ng g -1 , 1357 ± 2417 ng g -1 , 241 ± 452 ng g -1 on TP glaciers during the entire snow field campaign, respectively. The chemical elements and the selected carbonaceous particles were also analyzed of the attributions of the particulate light absorption based on a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. On average, the industrial pollution (33.1 %), biomass/biofuel burning (29.4 %), and soil dust (37.5 %) were the major sources of the ILAPs in TP glaciers. Although the soil dust assumed to be the highest contributor to the mass loading of ILAPs, we noted that the averaged light absorption of BC (50.7 %) and ISOC (33.2 %) was largely responsible for the measured light absorption in the high mountain glaciers at the wavelengths of 450–600 nm.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Mammographic density (MD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT) in postmenopausal women, which is known to increase women's breast cancer risk, has also been associated with a substantial increase in MD. However, there is large inter-individual variation in the MD increase following EPT use. Since longitudinal 'increases/decreases' in MD have been associated with 'increased/decreased' breast cancer risk, it is important to identify factors that predict MD change in women who use EPT. Few studies have investigated genetic determinants of MD change with longitudinal mammogram data. Using data from a mammogram substudy of the California Teachers Study, we investigated 405 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 28 genes involved in the metabolism of EPT and their associations with MD changes following starting or stopping EPT use. We studied 345 women with genotypes and MD data from at least two mammograms, one mammogram when the participant was using EPT, and one mammogram when not using EPT. MD was determined as a percentage of dense area of the total breast area. We used linear regression models to estimate the difference in MD between the 'off-EPT' and 'on-EPT' mammograms, adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI) both at the time of 'on-EPT' and 'off-EPT' mammograms. This model controls for the length of time between the two mammograms. We did not observe strong evidence that the hormone pathway SNPs were associated with EPT-related density change. Considering that the effect of genetic variation on the density change may be weaker in women with substantial BMI change, we restricted the analysis to 172 women who had smaller (below-median) BMI change between the two time points: -0.5 kg/m2 to 0.5 kg/m2. Upon restriction, there was suggestive evidence that hormone pathway SNPs were associated with EPT-related density change: the pathway-level summary P-value was 0.096 based on Adaptive Rank Truncated Product statistic. [Rs523535][1] in PGR and two SNPs that are in linkage-disequilibrium with [rs523535][2] ([rs480851][3] and [rs481775][4]; r2=0.8) showed significant association (P values adjusted for multiple correlated tests within a gene (P_ACT): 0.002, 0.045, 0.046, respectively); The estimated difference in density changes per minor allele of these SNPs ranged from -2.3% to -2.9% (i.e. EPT-related density changes are smaller in women who carry the minor allele(s)). In addition, several SNPs in UGT1A8 (rs12479208, rs12466997), COMT (rs4646316), and PGR ([rs619487][5], [rs561610][6], [rs613120][7]) showed some evidence of associations with borderline statistical significance (P_ACT ranging from 0.056 to 0.095). While our findings need to be replicated, our results suggest that genetic variation in EPT metabolism and signaling genes, particularly PGR, may determine mammographic density change following EPT use.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-332. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-332

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 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs523535&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom
 [3]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs480851&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom
 [4]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs481775&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom
 [5]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs619487&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom
 [6]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs561610&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom
 [7]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=rs613120&atom=%2Fcanres%2F72%2F8_Supplement%2FLB-332.atom


— This paper discusses the problem of tracking of deadlock-free routes by using various software tools. A brief overview of existing solutions providing this functionality is provided. A complete overview of the proposed software for building routes for given SpaceWire onboard networks is presented. The paper also discusses the mechanisms of calculating delays and choosing the best route. A brief overview of the methods for choosing the best route according to the provided criteria is given. A new method is proposed for choosing the best route, based on previously known methods and algorithms.


A research on natural dye extracted from male flowers of cured banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) as a photosensitizer in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been conducted. The solar cell was constructed with components consisting of working electrode ZnO, counter electrode graphite and electrolyte solution I / I3 . The natural dye of male flower of cured banana extract showed an absorbtion bands in the UV-Vis region of spectrum (200-700 nm) where is the maximum wavelength found at 529 nm. Parameters of the DSSC such as voltage, electric current, and power based on soaking time (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) were measured. It was found that the soaking time of 20 minutes was the optimum condition gave voltage of 349 mV, the current of 0.021 mA, and power of 7.329 mV. In the current vs voltage graph for the entire investigation soaking time it was found that a short circuit current is generated within the range of 0.0025 to 0.02 mA whereas for open circuit range is from 155 to 332 mV. Furthermore, where is the DSSC was soaked in 5 minutes gave the higher number of fill factor (FF) but the highest efficiency was observed from one which was soaked in 20 minutes.


Multiferroic magnetoelectrics are materials that are both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric in the same phase. As a result, they have a spontaneous magnetization that can be switched by an applied magnetic field, a spontaneous polarization that can be switched by an applied electric field, and often some coupling between the two. Very few exist in nature or have been synthesized in the laboratory. In this paper, we explore the fundamental physics behind the scarcity of ferromagnetic ferroelectric coexistence. In addition, we examine the properties of some known magnetically ordered ferroelectric materials. We find that, in general, the transition metal d electrons, which are essential for magnetism, reduce the tendency for off-center ferroelectric distortion. Consequently, an additional electronic or structural driving force must be present for ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity to occur simultaneously.


Families who accompany critically ill relatives to emergency departments are integral to the care units. The authors of this study felt that, to guide the provision of high quality care, the general and specific needs of such families should be examined systematically.


The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement
through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium
salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly
used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are
important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they
formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in
medical and medically associated industries.
Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was
identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive
study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical
geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from
fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun.
From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be
used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and
medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their
astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical
formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked
effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed
commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries
investigated.
The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of
minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both
salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised
and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits
had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results
have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.


Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been applied in aeronautics, aerospace, automotive and medical industries due to its superior mechanical properties. However, due to its difficult-to-cut characteristic, various damages in twist drilling and chip removal clog in core drilling could happen, inevitably reducing hole quality and hole-manufacturing efficiency. This paper proposes the wave-motion milling (WMM) method for CFRP hole-manufacturing to improve hole quality. This paper presents a motion path model based on the kinematics of the WMM method. The wave-motion cutting mode in WMM was analyzed first. Then, comparison experiments on WMM and conventional helical milling (CHM) of CFRP were carried out under dry conditions. The results showed that the hole surface quality of the CFRP significantly improved with a decrease of 18.1%–36% of Ra value in WMM compared to CHM. WMM exerted a significantly weaker thrust force than that of CHM with a reduction of 12.0%–24.9% and 3%–7.7% for different axial feed per tooth and tangential feed per tooth, respectively. Meanwhile, the hole exit damages significantly decreased in WMM. The average tear length at the hole exit in WMM was reduced by 3.5%–29.5% and 35.5%–44.7% at different axial feed per tooth and tangential feed per tooth, respectively. Moreover, WMM significantly alleviated tool wear. The experimental results suggest that WMM is an effective and promising strategy for CFRP hole-manufacturing.


The impact of genetically modified plants on plant-associated and surrounding soil microorganisms is an uninvestigated area of environmental risk assessment. Biological markers such as lysine racemase, phosphomannose isomerase, and sulfadiazine are in use or suggested for use in plant genetic transformation technologies to confirm that the uptake of DNA has occurred. Similar to the effects of antibiotic-resistance genes, these markers might change the host plant's microbiota. Taking into account the importance of the microbiota in plant growth and protection from pathogens as well as in the lives of both humans and animals, we propose novel criteria for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants: the composition of the plant microbiota and plant-associated soil microbiota. In addition to the possible impact of genetic transformation technologies on the plant microbiota highlighted in this report, the microbiota of genetically modified plants (and/or plant-associated soil microbiota) should be investigated in a comparative study of genetically modified and unmodified plant-derived microbiotas. This could potentially provide important information to farmers when considering the adoption of genetically modified plants.


14 nulliparas and 28 multiparas were induced at term by combined low amniotomy and oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) solution. Doses, after a .5 mg test dose, were 1, 1.5, or 2.0 mg at 2-hour intervals. There were 37 successful deliveries, 3 Caesarean sections, and 2 failures, later successful with oxytocin. Induction delivery intervals averaged 12.6 hours in nulliparas and 8.9 hours in multiparas, and were inversely proportional to pelvic score. Fetal distress occurred in 2 cases. No other fetal side effects were reported, but vomiting was frequent (28.5%) and sometimes severe.


Herein we describe the first application of direct linear analysis (DLA) to the mapping of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), specifically the 185.1 kb-long BAC 12M9. DLA is a single molecule mapping technology, based on microfluidic elongation and interrogation of individual DNA molecules, sequence-specifically tagged with bisPNAs. A DNA map with S/N ratio sufficiently high to detect all major binding sites was obtained using only 200 molecule traces. A new method was developed to extract an oriented map from an averaged map that included a mixture of head-first and tail-first DNA traces. In addition, we applied DLA to study the conformation and tagging of highly stretched DNA. Optimal conditions for promoting sequence-specific binding of bisPNA to an 8 bp target site were elucidated using DLA, which proved superior to electromobility shift assays. DLA was highly reproducible with a hybridized tag position localized with an accuracy of ±0.7 µm or ±2.1 kb demonstrating its utility for rapid mapping of large DNA at the single molecule level. Within this accuracy, DNA molecules, stretched to at least 85% of their contour length, were stretched uniformly, so that the map expressed in relative coordinates, was the same regardless of the molecule extension.


The effect of 6–7 days of adrenocortical insufficiency (tap water and no steroids) on the movements of sodium and potassium in rat liver and kidney mitochondria was studied. Rat liver and kidney mitochondria were depleted of sodium or potassium. The ability of these particulates to accumulate sodium or potassium upon the addition of the particular ion to the incubation medium was determined. Adrenalectomy was without effect on the following: the rate of depletion of or the ability to reaccumulate sodium or potassium, the mitochondrial water content or the intramitochondrial potassium concentration. However, adrenalectomy did result in a consistently higher sodium concentration in kidney mitochondria in the sodium depletion-reaccumulation experiments.


Bilingual dictionaries provide meaning associations between the words of two languages, those of an ideal bilingual speaker. Learners can use these associations to look up foreign equivalents of known native words, but are forced to use script-based lookup methods when faced with unknown foreign words. This paper presents the Pinyomi Chinese-Japanese dictionary interface, which uses a novel method of using associations with the learner's native script to look up foreign language words.


The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between strategies adopted by business people when managing their companies. Of interest in this study is how enterprises adapt to the environment and what communication and information technologies (CIT's) they use as a competitive factor. A structured questionnaire was applied to 137 small enterprises (SME's) from the central region of The State of Coahuila. The data was processed using the statistical software SPSS. The statistical test Cross Tabs shows that the coefficient of contingency is not significant at a 95% level of confidence. Therefore, it is not possible to assure that there is a relation between the type of strategy adopted by businesspeople in the process of adapting to the environment and the use of the CIT's in the SME's.


In this paper, we focus on a single graph whose vertices contain a set of quantitative attributes. Several networks can be naturally represented in this complex graph. An example is a social network whose vertex corresponds to a person with some quantitative items such as age, salary and so on. Although it can be expected that this kind of data will increase rapidly, most of current graph mining algorithms do not handle these complex graphs directly. Motivated by the above background, by effectively combining techniques of graph mining and quantitative itemset mining, we developed an algorithm named FAG-gSpan for finding frequent patterns from a graph with quantitative itemsets.


Hole mobility changes under uniaxial and combinational stress in different directions are characterized and analyzed by applying additive mechanical uniaxial stress to bulk Si and SiGe-virtual-substrate-induced strained-Si (s-Si) p-MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) along (110) and (100) channel directions. In bulk Si, a mobility enhancement peak is found under uniaxial compressive strain in the low vertical field. The combination of (100) direction uniaxial tensile strain and substrate-induced biaxial tensile strain provides a higher mobility relative to the (110) direction, opposite to the situation in bulk Si. But the combinational strain experiences a gain loss at high field, which means that uniaxial compressive strain may still be a better choice. The mobility enhancement of SiGe-induced strained p-MOSFETs along the (110) direction under additive uniaxial tension is explained by the competition between biaxial and shear stress.


Spectroscopically pure fused silica has been used in many applications ranging from optoelectronics and optical fibers to laser flash spectroscopy. Although ultraviolet light irradiated optical absorption spectra and coherence fluorescence of silicon dioxide have been studied in the past, we present discrete absorption and resonance coherent fluorescence line of silicon dioxide which were recorded photographically at 288.2 nm. This discrete fluorescence is observed at room temperature using high photon flux (1024 photon/pulse) excitation spectroscopy.


The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller is an important and ubiquitous pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. in both fields and stores in the subtropical and tropical zones. In this study, oviposition deterrent of essential oils of wormwood, yarrow and tarragon was investigated on PTM. The results showed that the number of laid eggs on treated tubers were significantly less than the control tubers. Also, sublethal effects of mentioned essential oils on biological parameters and life table parameters were studied. The results showed that the number of laid eggs in the essential oils of wormwood and yarrow were significantly less than the control. Although in the number of hatched eggs was showed that all three essential oils were caused significant reduction of this parameter compared with control. Also, life expectancy of the pest in the first day of egg stage and at the time of adults emergence in wormwood, yarrow, tarragon and control were 21.61, 25.87, 21.81 and 26.17 days; 10.50, 11.18, 10.60 and 11.46 days, respectively. The results showed that essential oil of wormwood was caused life expectancy reduction. The results showed that the use of mentioned essential oils in the store environment can be useful against potato tuber moth.


Using a lexicon-grammar approach developed by Maurice Gross (1992), this project involved systematically mapping the structural properties of over 550 transitive phrasal verbs with the particle "out", "PV out". The data is analyzed in terms of two main tables or matrices. The first table illustrates the morpho-syntactic properties of purely simple "PV out" expressions, like "freak out the kid" ↔ "freak the kid out". The second table illustrates the morpho-syntactic combinations of complex "PV out" expressions, as in "take the boxer out of the fight". The research shows that "PV out" expressions may involve up to 25 syntactic features, including N 2 promotion, as in "The girl spilled the water out of the glass" → "The girl spilled the glass out", complex-neutral constructions, like "The water spilled out of the glass", and reversed constructions, like "The company farmed the oil out of the land" →"The company farmed the land out of oil". The research shows that these syntactic combinations are highly lexical in that a unique combination of features applies to individual phrasal verbs.


No period in history has seen the development of such an effective armamentarium to prevent suffering and untimely death as has the past two decades. Drugs have become available to control most bacterial and fungal infections of the respiratory tract. Advances in bacteriology and cytology have improved diagnosis and made prompt specific treatment possible. Surgeons now repair cardiac abnormalities, both congenital and acquired, and bring about a return of the person's working capacity and essentially normal life expectancy. Anatomists have learned that pulmonary lobes are divided into individual segments, each of which can be removed as conditions warrant. Advances in anesthesiology have made the anesthetist the surgeon's most important ally. The chest specialist who did all diagnostic and therapeutic work alone no longer exists. Specialities have developed within specialties, which make team work necessary. Not all specialists are necessary in every case, but each one must be available on call.


In this study I investigated the hypothesis that alterations in macroalgal cover significantly influenced the growth rates of coral colonies on the fringing reefs of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. For colonies of Montastrea annularis, Porites astreoides, and Sidastrea siderea, radial growth rates were significantly (p<0.02) higher at Dairy Bull (where Diadema antillarum had removed macroalgal cover) than at either M1 or Rio Bueno (where there was c. 80% macroalgal cover). For colonies of Colpophyllia natans and Montastrea fankseii, radial growth rates were significantly (p<0.02) higher at Dairy Bull than at Rio Bueno. It has been suggested that macroalgal shading as well as contact is a significant inhibitor of coral growth, and our results are in accord with that hypothesis. These studies suggest that marine park man- agers should foster macroalgal predation wherever possible, in order to limit the irreversible decline of coral reefs.


In this paper, I explore and examine different ways in which affectivity is related to perception within ecological psychology. I assess whether some of those ways compromise the realist and direct aspects of traditional ecological perception. I sustain that they don't. Affectivity, at least in some cases, turns the perception of finegrained affordances possible. For an engaged perceiver, affectivity is not optional. Key-words: Ecological psychology, emotions, affectivity, affective affordances, direct perception.


Winter overseeding of an established stand of 'Tifgreen' bermudagrass (Cynodon magenissi) with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. CBS2) resulted in significant increases in the visual rating scores and ash root dry weights when compared with non-overseeded control plots. No significant effects were observed on population density estimates of Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Criconemella ornata, or Meloidogyne spp. from overseeding throughout the 88-day study. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment evaluating the effects of lowering the mowing height of 'Tifgreen' bermudagrass from 1.30 to 0.65 cm and (or) fenamiphos application (22.4 kg a.i./ha broadcast) showed significant changes in the visual rating scores of the turfgrass 42 days after the treatments. A significant decline in the density of B. longicaudatus and an increase in turfgrass quality were associated with the nematicide treatment. Vertical distribution of phytoparasitic nematodes in the soil profile were exami


Subjective well-being in school offers myriad benefits for the overall development and well-being of students and is thus crucial. This study examines the effects of the family functioning dimensions of cohesion, flexibility, and communication on subjective well-being displayed by students on school premises. An aggregate of 475 students from five high schools in Greater Jakarta participated in this study. The Brief Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being in School Scale was administered to measure subjective well-being in school. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale and the Family Communication Scale were employed to measure family functioning. The results revealed that family flexibility and family communication positively and significantly affected the subjective well-being of students. Family communication exerted a more substantial influence than the other dimensions of family functioning because it could enhance the other dimensions. Prospective studies should investigate more specific student characteristics, such as living independently without parents or living with a single parent.


The interfacial phenomena between tread rubber compounds and rough surfaces are responsible for most of the behavior of a tire on the road. A new device was developed for the investigation of these phenomena in the laboratory. The device consists of a fully instrumented road wheel on which a simple geometry specimen is driven. The possibilities offered by this device are to perform tests at constant slip or at constant torque on both wet and dry surfaces, with complex cycles. The machine allows the measurement of slip, tangential forces, and temperature on the specimen, and computer software adds the possibility of applying Fourier analyses on force, road wheel speed, and specimen speed data. Other possibilities offered by the road wheel are to change the road surface, the load on the specimen, and the water rate. The description of a complete experiment is detailed in the paper showing the correlation of data with actual tire performances.


Objectives High-quality feedback on different dimensions of competence is important for resident learning. Supervisors may need additional training and information to fulfil this demanding task. This study aimed to evaluate whether a short and simple training improves the quality of feedback residents receive from their clinical supervisors in daily practice. Design Longitudinal quasi-experimental controlled study with a pretest/post-test design. We collected multiple premeasurements and postmeasurements for each supervisor over 2 years. A repeated measurements ANOVA was performed on the data. Setting Internal medicine departments of seven Dutch teaching hospitals. Participants Internal medicine supervisors (n=181) and residents (n=192). Intervention Half of the supervisors attended a short 2.5-hour training session during which they could practise giving feedback in a simulated setting using video fragments. Highly experienced internal medicine educators guided the group discussions about the feedback. The other half of the supervisors formed the control group and received no feedback training. Outcome measures Residents rated the quality of supervisors' oral feedback with a previously validated questionnaire. Furthermore, the completeness of the supervisors' written feedback on evaluation forms was analysed. Results The data showed a significant increase in the quality of feedback after the training F (1, 87)=6.76, p=0.04. This effect remained significant up to 6 months after the training session. Conclusions A short training session in which supervisors practise giving feedback in a simulated setting increases the quality of their feedback. This is a promising outcome since it is a feasible approach to faculty development.


This article explains how and why the University of Birmingham have started using the Internet in the acquisitions process. Some of the practical problems as well as the advantages are discussed. Suggestions are made about what conditions need to be met for more use of the Internet to be made.


In spite of the fact that most of different transport means have achieved a significant reduction of their emissions quantity during the last few years; maritime field still suffers from the steady increase in the quantity of exhaust gases emitted from ships. As a result, the International Maritime Organization was prompted to issue a set of regulations for facing the seriousness of those emissions. The present paper handles the different methods which can be used to reduce the environmental damage caused by ship emissions. Through the study of the advantages and disadvantages of ships, emission reduction strategies; use of natural gas, selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing systems have appeared as the best ways that can be utilized to reduce the environmental harms caused by ship emissions. Applicability of these methods aboard ships could vary from ship to another. Two high-speed passenger ships of different age were studied to evaluate the importance of applying these strategies. The results showed the possibility to attain valuable emission reduction percentage by using of selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing systems, but they will be of high initial cost and will increase operating cost of both ships. On the other hand using of LNG as alternative fuel will be more convenient from the point of view of environment and economic issues for the newer existing ship.


Creating, cataloguing and distributing high quality learning contents requires a significant investment of resources and time. Nowadays information technology applied as a tool in education has drastically reduced these efforts. It makes it possible to share, use and exchange digital documents under certain conditions specified by the author without any cost. Furthermore, the use of standards can improve development and reutilization. Learning objects are the new paradigm developed for spreading knowledge and increasing interoperability through metadata.


The possibility that the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal might have formed as a Searle-Zinn fragment in the outer halo of the Galaxy is discussed. Arguments in favor of this hypothesis are (1) the luminosity distribution of globular clusters in both Sagittarius and in the outer halo (Rgc > 80 kpc) appear to be bimodal with peaks near Mv ~-5 and -10, and (2) the globular clusters in both Sgr and the outer halo have a significantly larger age spread than do the globulars in the inner halo of the Galaxy. However, a counterargument is that only one of the four globulars associated with Sgr has the large half-light diameter that is diagnostic of outer halo clusters. The absence of globular clusters from all Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies fainter than Mv=-12 shows that their specific globular cluster frequency must be lower than it is in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal. This result suggests that Fornax may have had an unusual evolutionary history.


Unemployment is one of the most important issues in macro economics. Unemployment creates many economic and social problems in the economy. The condition and qualification of labor force in a country show economical developments. In the light of these facts, a developing country should overcome the problem of unemployment. In this study, the performance of robust biased Robust Ridge Regression (RRR), Robust Principal Component Regression (RPCR) and RSIMPLS methods are compared with each other and their classical versions known as Ridge Regression (RR), Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) in terms of predictive ability by using trimmed Root Mean Squared Error (TRMSE) statistic in case of both of multicollinearity and outliers existence in an unemployment data set of Turkey. Analysis results show that RRR model is chosen as the best model for determining unemployment rate in Turkey for the period of 1985-2012. Robust biased RRR method showed that the most important independent variable effecting the unemployment rate is Purchasing Power Parities (PPP). The least important variables effecting the unemployment rate are Import Growth Rate (IMP) and Export Growth Rate (EXP). Hence, any increment in PPP cause an important increment in unemployment rate, however, any increment in IMP causes an unimportant increase in unemployment rate. Any increment in EXP causes an unimportant decrease in unemployment rate.


Meat represents an important source of high-quality dietary protein for a large proportion of the global population. Also, red meat, in particular, significantly contributes to the intake of a wide range of micronutrients, including iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Excessive consumption of meat and meat products is often associated with overconsumption of energy and fat, resulting in excess weight, obesity, and an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between meat and processed meat consumption frequencies and lipid profile in a group of 800 randomly selected patients hospitalized in the Cardiocentre Nitra. Patients were 20 – 101 years, (men, the average age was 61.13 ±10.47 years). The data necessary for the detection of dietary habits were obtained by a questionnaire method. Statistical comparisons between groups were made utilizing a oneway analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Our results show, that most respondents consume meat 1 – 2 times per week, while we did not notice a significant effect (p >0.05) of the type of meat on the lipid profile. The highest T-C, LDL-C, and TG values were seen in men who consume pork 3 – 4 times per week. Statistically significant was only the effect of pork meat on total cholesterol and triglycerides (p <0.05). In the consumption of beef and poultry, there was a non-significant effect on biochemical parameters of blood (p >0.05). We recorded a significant effect (p ˂0.05) of the consumption of frankfurters between consumption 1 – 2 times per week and 3 – 4 times per week. Up to 40.2% of respondents consume salami 3 – 4 times per week, and we recorded a significant effect on LDL levels between consumption 1 – 2 times per week and sometimes (p ˂0.05). Respondents who consume sausage, headcheese, and others products 1 – 2 times a week have non-significant higher T-C, LDL, TG, and lower HDL compared to less frequent consumption. High consumption of meat, mainly pork and processed meat seems to be associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.


Abstract: We have investigated the presence of endogenous adenosine and of mechanisms for adenosine uptake and release in chick embryo retinal neurons and photoreceptors grown in purified cultures in the absence of glial cells. Simultaneous autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analysis showed that endogenous adenosine and the uptake mechanism for this nucleoside colocalize in practically all the photoreceptors, but only in ∼20% of the neurons. Approximately 25% of the neurons showed either immunocytochemical labeling or autoradiographic labeling, while >50% of the neurons were unlabeled with both techniques. [3H]Adenosine uptake was saturable and could be inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole and by pretreatment of the [3H]adenosine with adenosine deaminase. Although these observations indicate that the uptake is specific for adenosine, only 35% of accumulated radioactivity was associated with adenosine, with the remaining 65% representing inosine, hypoxanthine. and nucleotides plus uric acid. Adenosine as well as several of its metabolites were released by the cells under basal as well as K+‐stimulated conditions. Potassium‐enhanced release was blocked by 10 mM CoCl2 or in Ca2+‐free, Mg2+‐rich solutions. The results indicate that retinal cells that synthesize, store, and release adenosine differentiate early during embryogenesis and are therefore consistent with a hypothetical role for adenosine in retinal development.


Abstract Questions: 1. Does resource use efficiency increase with increased species richness in conifer forests? 2. Do patterns found in resource use support niche differentiation/complementarity between species, or is any increase indicative of a selection effect? Location: All data were collected from upper montane (2200–2600 m a.s.l) conifer forests of the Desolation Wilderness in the central California Sierra Nevada, USA. Methods: We established 281 plots of varying levels of conifer richness throughout the wilderness area. Within each plot we used hemispherical photos to measure canopy closure and LAI, total soil carbon and nitrogen from the A-horizon, and stand basal area. We used linear regression and ANOVA to analyse the relationship between stand species richness and resource availability. Results: We found no correlation of either soil nitrogen or carbon with stand biomass. Nor did soil nitrogen and carbon levels change with species richness. Canopy closure increased with species richness but also varied significantly between pure stands of different species. Pure Pinus monticola stands had the lowest canopy closure, Tsuga mertensiana stands the highest. Composition explained more canopy cover variation than did species richness. We found evidence supporting both the sampling effect and niche differentiation models at different stages of stand development. Conclusions: During initial stages of stand development, the interaction between the shade-intolerant Pinus species and shade-tolerant Abies magnifica and T. mertensiana followed the niche differentiation model, but switched to the sampling effect model during the competitive-exclusion stage. In contrast, interaction between A. magnifica and T. mertensiana followed the niche differentiation model. Abbreviations: CC = Mean canopy closure; LAI = Leaf area index. Nomenclature: Hickman (1993).


The treatment of rats with a high dose of ACTH resulted within 4 days in a marked suppression of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone outputs by capsular adrenal tissue ("zona glomerulosa") incubated with and without serotonin and in decreased conversions of tritiated corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone, but in strikingly increased capsular adrenal conversions of tritiated deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone and 18-hydroxy deoxycorticosterone. ACTH also suppressed aldosterone biosynthesis in rats kept on a sodium-deficient diet. Corticosterone or dexamethasone, when added to the drinking fluid for 2 weeks, induced only small decreases in aldosterone biosynthesis from endogenous or exogenous precursors. Moreover, they significantly decreased the capsular adrenal conversion of added deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone and 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone. These results indicate that during prolonged ACTH treatment, the zona glomerulosa cell may be converted to a functional zona fasciculata type of cell. High levels of circulating mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids seem to be minor contributory factors in the long term suppression of aldosterone biosynthesis by ACTH.


Objective: To provide a detailed picture of the extent, nature and quality of portrayal of mental health/illness in Australian non-fiction media. Method: Media items were retrieved from Australian newspaper, television and radio sources over a 1-year period, and identifying/descriptive data extracted from all items. Quality ratings were made on a randomly selected 10% of items, using an instrument based on criteria in Achieving the Balance (a resource designed to promote responsible reporting of mental health/illness). Results: Reporting of mental health/illness was common, with 4351 newspaper, 1237 television and 7801 radio items collected during the study period. Media items most frequently focused on policy/program initiatives in mental health (29.0%), or on causes/ symptoms/treatment of mental illnesses (23.9%). Stories about mental health issues in the context of crime were relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5.6% of items. Most media items were of good quality on eight of the nine dimensions; the exception was that details of appropriate help services were only included in 6.4% of items. Conclusions: In contrast to previous research, the current study found that media reporting of mental health/illness was extensive, generally of good quality and focused less on themes of crime and violence than may have been expected. This is encouraging, since there is evidence that negative media portrayal of mental health/illness can detrimentally affect community attitudes. However, there are still opportunities for improving media reporting of mental health/illness, which should be taken up in future media strategies.


【This paper describes the design and implementation of a electromagnetic energy harvesting mechanism and electronic circuit for autonomous emergency call system. This analysis results show the power output of the proposed harvesting mechanism and circuit up to max power output 5V and it can hold up to 65 msec of the power generation and 10msec of the RF transmission. Based on the these testing results, the implementation of autonomous emergency call device without battery power or any external power source is feasible.】


The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 protein, and its correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis were studied in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Bcl-2 positive expression significantly correlated with hormone receptor positivity and histological tumor differentiation, and inversely correlated with p53 overaccumulation. No correlation was observed between bcl-2 expression and patient age, menopausal status, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. Survivals of stage I to III patients who had not received adjuvant hormonal therapy showed no difference between bcl-2-positive and -negative tumors, even if patients were divided as with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, or with or without nodal involvement. In consequence, immunohistochemical bcl-2-positivity correlates with positive hormone receptors and well differentiated phenotypes in invasive breast carcinoma, however, it might not predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy and not be a favorable predictive value in patients treated without adjuvant hormonal therapy.


The studies, performed on 40 patients with brachialgia and ischialgia syndromes, showed higher CSF inositol concentrations in comparison with healthy subjects. The highest rise was observed particularly in patients in the initial stage of disease, while the rise was lower in more severe forms of the disease and in cases with root compression confirmed by radiculography. Blood plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of inositol and phosphatidylinositol were within normal range, although they significantly differed in various brachialgia and ischialgia syndromes.


'Homestead' (Reg. No. CV-255, PI 655522) Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L.) was developed cooperatively by USDA-ARS and the University of Nebraska and was released in 2008 for use in the Great Plains and the Midwest USA, a region for which no adapted cultivars were previously available. It was developed by means of the Ecotype Selection Breeding System from a collection made in a remnant prairie in Eastern Nebraska USA. Homestead, which was tested as NE3, is adapted to Plant Adaptation Region (PAR) 251-5 (Temperate Prairie Parkland-Plant Hardiness Zone 5), which is its origin, and in which it has been evaluated in both space-transplanted and sward trials. This region is equivalent to USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 5 of the tallgrass-prairie ecoregion of the Midwest, USA. When grown in its area of adaptation, it produces more forage than the previously available, unadapted cultivar of the species and its forage has higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than another adapted experimental strain to which it was compared in sward forage yield trials. Its primary use will be as a native cool-season grass component of conservation, roadside, and grassland seeding mixtures.


With heterogeneity in both skills and discount factors, the Atkinson-Stiglitz theorem that savings should not be taxed does not hold. We consider a model with heterogeneity of preferences at each earnings level. With some assumptions on the equilibrium, a small savings tax on high earners and a small savings subsidy on low earners both increase welfare, regardless of the correlation between ability and discount factor. Key is that types who value future consumption less are more tempted to switch to a lower paid job. Extending Saez (2002), a uniform savings tax increases welfare if the correlation of skill with discount factor is suffi ciently high. Some optimal tax results and empirical evidence to support the assumptions are presented.


The present paper attempts to optimize machining parameters of electrochemical grinding (ECG) while machining alumina-aluminum interpenetrating phase composites by Grey-Taguchi methodology. Control parameters like electrolyte concentration, voltage, depth of cut and electrolyte flow rate have been considered to ensure two conflicting responses – higher material removal rate and lower surface roughness simultaneously by a single parametric combination. The L9 orthogonal array design is followed for the purpose of experimentation. The well-known S/N ratio analysis is performed along with ANOVA to establish the prominent variables that govern the responses separately. Finally Grey Relational Analysis is performed to optimize multiple performances in which different levels combinations of the factors are ranked based on grey relational grade. Surface roughness is given more importance than the MRR considering basic objective of the process. The analysis reveals that substantial improvement in machining performance takes place following this technique. The experimental investigation approach for evaluating the optimum ECG parametric combination during machining of composites materials can act as useful and an efficient guideline for manufacturing of products using such material. The study highlights the effects of different process variables on multiple performances for complex process like ECG. © 2013 PEI, University of Maribor. All rights reserved.


We discuss the need for a more principled approach to the management of the performance of applications for petascale platforms and outline some initial successes, related to the Blue Waters project.


This paper compares the efficiency of various algorithms for implementing quantum resistant public key encryption scheme RLCE on 64-bit CPUs. By optimizing various algorithms for polynomial and matrix operations over finite fields, we obtained several interesting (or even surprising) results. For example, it is well known (e.g., Moenck 1976 \cite{moenck1976practical}) that Karatsuba's algorithm outperforms classical polynomial multiplication algorithm from the degree 15 and above (practically, Karatsuba's algorithm only outperforms classical polynomial multiplication algorithm from the degree 35 and above ). Our experiments show that 64-bit optimized Karatsuba's algorithm will only outperform 64-bit optimized classical polynomial multiplication algorithm for polynomials of degree 115 and above over finite field $GF(2^{10})$. The second interesting (surprising) result shows that 64-bit optimized Chien's search algorithm ourperforms all other 64-bit optimized polynomial root finding algorithms such as BTA and FFT for polynomials of all degrees over finite field $GF(2^{10})$. The third interesting (surprising) result shows that 64-bit optimized Strassen matrix multiplication algorithm only outperforms 64-bit optimized classical matrix multiplication algorithm for matrices of dimension 750 and above over finite field $GF(2^{10})$. It should be noted that existing literatures and practices recommend Strassen matrix multiplication algorithm for matrices of dimension 40 and above. All our experiments are done on a 64-bit MacBook Pro with i7 CPU and single thread C codes. It should be noted that the reported results should be appliable to 64 or larger bits CPU architectures. For 32 or smaller bits CPUs, these results may not be applicable. The source code and library for the algorithms covered in this paper are available at this http URL.


Learning about operating systems often involves modifying a large and complex code base. Grading student projects can be difficult and time consuming, yet students often do not learn from their programming errors and struggle to understand core operating system concepts. We present GradeBoard, a code review system designed to simplify grading for instructors and enable students to understand and learn from their errors. GradeBoard provides an easy-to-use Web interface that allows instructors to annotate student code submissions with grading comments and scores, and students to discuss the comments and scores with instructors. GradeBoard presents student code changes with syntax highlighting and lets users collapse or expand code sections to provide a desired level of context, making it easier to read and understand student programming project submissions. Comments and scores are easily identifiable by visual cues, improving interaction between instructors and students. We have deployed and used GradeBoard in a large operating systems course involving Linux kernel programming projects. GradeBoard provided robust, easy-to-use functionality for reviewing Linux kernel code changes, improved the instructional staff grading experience, and over 90% of students surveyed indicated that GradeBoard improved their understanding of the kernel programming projects better than other alternatives.


Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for examining lipid bilayers; however, it says little about the fluidity of the bilayer-a key physical aspect. It is shown here that it is possible to both acquire spectroscopic data of supported lipid bilayer samples and make measurements of the membrane fluidity. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) is used to obtain the spectroscopic information and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is used to determine the fluidity of the samples. In the infrared spectra of lipid bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the following major peaks were observed; nu(as)(CH3) 2954 cm(-1), nu(s)(CH3) 2870 cm(-1), nu(as)(CH2) 2924 cm(-1), nu(s)(CH2) 2852 cm(-1), nu(C=O) 1734 cm(-1), delta(CH2) 1463-1473 cm(-1), nu(as)(PO2-) 1226 cm(-1), nu(s)(PO2-) 1084 cm(-1), and nu(as)(N+(CH3)3) 973 cm(-1). The diffusion coefficient of the same lipid bilayer was measured to be 3.5 +/- 0.5 micom(2)/s with visual recovery also noted through use of epifluorescence microscopy. FRAP and visual data confirm the formation of a uniform, mobile supported lipid bilayer. The combination of ATR-FT-IR and FRAP provides complementary data giving a more complete picture of fully hydrated model membrane systems.


A successful demonstration of real-time, model-based control of the plasma current density profile has been made in JET. The safety factor profile was reconstructed using magnetic and polarimetric signals. Various predefined q-profile targets have been reached—in the least square approximation—using lower hybrid current drive as the only actuator, with a feedback control loop using the measurements from five fixed normalized radii.


Hybrid systems are usually consisted of states described partially by continuous variables and partially by discrete variables. In this work, we propose an LMI-based control design for hybrid systems by using fuzzy model-based approach and averaging method. We start with the control-oriented presentation to define the hybrid automata. Then, it is described by a fuzzy model. In light of the concept of pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme, the crisp fuzzy set is with the value of the duration in an interval. Instead of directly designing the switching sequence for our hybrid systems, the values of the duration are the control signals which need to be designed. Then, the switching sequence for the hybrid systems can be realized by using PWM method


President Obama's 2008 electoral triumph garnered enormous journalistic and scholarly attention, but analysts have shown very little interest in African American media coverage of the campaign. In this piece, I focus on one major, nearly ignored, black media outlet: a syndicated radio show with a huge audience, commercial success, and progressive politics. I analyze the show's construction of a powerful mediatized black counterpublic, consider its rise parallel to the neoliberal deregulation of U.S. media, and narrate its coverage of the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns. I also consider the political effects of a new cross-media platform synergy among black and progressive outlets.


We have developed the Connectionist Inference Mechanism (CIM) to serve as a connectionist alternative to the symbolic inference module of P. Buchheit's (1991) Informational Network For A Natural Thinking (INFANT) System. CIM consists of several modules working together, including memory, neural networks, and a binding set. Its main task is to perform inference generation with the capability of variable binding. CIM is essentially a hybrid cognitive model that combines the advantages of a symbolic approach, local representation, and parallel distributed processing. It can be shown that each approach complements and supports the others.


Abstract Ocular diseases reported in frogs include uveitis and glaucoma, which are associated with changes in intraocular pressure (IOP). The objectives of this study were to characterize the normal IOP for White's tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) using two types of rebound tonometers, and to assess whether time of day or method of restraint affected IOP. Eighteen conscious, unrestrained, ophthalmologically normal frogs were used to measure IOP using TonoVet® and TonoLab® tonometers, at three time points during the day. In a subset of 12 frogs, IOP was measured while under manual restraint using the TonoVet. Anesthesia was induced in 9 frogs using two different concentrations of MS-222 (0.5 g/L and 2 g/L) in order to evaluate for changes in IOP with the TonoVet. Mean (± SD) IOP values for the TonoLab (16.8 ± 3.9 mm Hg) were significantly higher than TonoVet values (14.7 ± 1.6 mm Hg; P < 0.01). TonoVet IOP values did not significantly change with time of day. TonoLab values were significantly lower in the evening (1600–1800; 14.5 ± 3.1 mm Hg), compared with morning and midday measurements (0800–1000 and 1200–1400; 18.0 ± 3.8 mm Hg; P < 0.01). Manually restrained frogs had significantly lower IOP (13.4 ± 1.5 mm Hg) compared with unrestrained frogs (15.3 ± 1.2 mm Hg; P < 0.01). Chemical restraint did not cause significant changes in IOP. Intraocular pressure can be measured with both types of rebound tonometers in White's tree frogs, but time of day and manual restraint can affect IOP values.


In this paper , we focus on contemporary Macedonian literature for young people, in particular of one of its segment, and it is the presence of violence and violent scenes in the works designed for this audience. Theorists of this literature, popularly called YAL, not circumvent these issues, just like writers who write books intended for adolescents. This topic will be discussed by esplicit examples that will be taken of contemporary literature for young people, in order from one side to indicate their presence, and the need to write freely on the subject, and on the other hand to help young people who are experiencing these problems. The analysis will show that in most cases, the cause of the young sometimes turning to violence or themselves been victims of violence are shifting family values, or lack / absence of the family, a family member, usually a parent, neglect by parents and their preoccupation with work.


Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been purified from lactating mouse mammary tissue and its properties and developmental expression have been characterized. XOR was purified 80-fold in two steps using benzamidine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 5.7 U/mg and an activity to flavin ratio of 192. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was composed of a single (150 kDa) band and N-terminal sequence analysis verified that it was intact mouse XOR. Isoelectric focusing showed that purified XOR was composed of three catalytically active, electrophoretic variants with pI values of 7.55, 7.65, and 7.70. The majority of the XOR activity in both pregnant and lactating mammary glands was shown to exist as NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase (XD form), while the enzyme in freshly obtained mouse milk exits as O2-dependent oxidase (XO form). The activity and protein levels of XOR selectively increased in mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation. The time course of these increases was biphasic and correlated with the functional maturation of the mammary gland. These results indicate that XOR may have novel, mammary gland-specific functions, in addition to its role in purine metabolism.


This paper describes an anti-personnel landmine detection system, which is based on the neutron back-scattering technique. It consists of a point-like isotopic neutron source (252Cf, 2,31 × 107 n/s), eight BF3 detectors and a neutron moderating and shielding block made from borated paraffin (3 wt%). It was modeled and tested by carrying out Monte Carlo calculations (MCNP-4C2 Code). The tests were performed in some troublesome conditions which include long burial depths for a landmine, higher humidity levels in the formation and existence of some plastics-like substances in the scanning area near a mine. Use of the neutron moderator behind the BF3 detectors increased the counting statistics and improved the S/N ratio. The system could detect a small cylindrical land mine (<300 g) until a burial depth of 15 cm in limestone and also worked well in distinguishing trinitrotoluene (TNT) from the other nearby substances. However, the presence of moisture in limestone in the level of 5% limited its applicability. Scanning speed of the system was calculated as 9.6 m2/min on an even land surface. The calculations revealed that it would be worthwhile to construct and test such a simple and fast practical system for detecting nonmetallic land mines in a laboratory environment.


The molecule of the title compound, C40H46S2, reveals C i symmetry. An inversion centre is located at the mid-point of the C—C bond of the biphenyl unit; the asymmetric unit comprises one-half of the molecule. The conjugated backbone is nearly planar, with a mean deviation of 0.041 Å.


Author(s): Lee, Janey; Tighe, Damon; Wang, Mei; Malfatti, Stephanie; Lindquist, Erika; Chen, Feng; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Woyke, Tanja | Abstract: Single cell genomics, the amplification and sequencing of genomes from single cells, can provide a glimpse into the genetic make-up and thus life style of the vast majority of uncultured microbial cells, making it an immensely powerful and increasingly popular tool. This is accomplished by use of multiple displacement amplification (MDA), which can generate billions of copies of a single bacterial genome producing microgram-range DNA required for shotgun sequencing. Here, we would like to address several challenges inherent in such a sensitive method and propose solutions for the improved recovery of single cell genomes. While DNA-free reagents for the amplification of a single cell genome are a prerequisite for successful single cell sequencing and analysis, DNA contamination has been detected in various reagents, which poses a considerable challenge. Our study demonstrates the effect of UV radiation in efficient elimination of exogenous contaminant DNA found in MDA reagents, while maintaining Phi29 activity. Second, MDA is subject to amplification bias, resulting in uneven and sometimes insufficient sequence coverage across the genome. In a post-amplification method, we employed a normalization step within 454 Titanium library construction in which populations of highly abundant sequences were specifically targeted and degraded from the library via duplex-specific nuclease, resulting in decreased variability in genome coverage. While additional challenges in single cell genomics remain to be resolved, the two proposed methodologies are relatively quick and simple and we believe that their application will be of high value for future single cell sequencing projects.


Fatigue, which may cause sudden failure of the critical structures, has been a key problem for the aircrafts and railway systems for centuries. With uncertain loading conditions, the fatigue life of the involved structure is inherently random and few sensing techniques are reliable for long-term monitoring of fatigue damage. This paper proposes a novel intelligent system targeted at fatigue damage monitoring of in-situ structures with online structural health monitoring. The developed intelligent system combines the concepts of tree-ring bio-inspired data track technique with the real-time wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) sensing technique. A general framework, the methodology, and the strategy of the intelligent fatigue monitoring system are investigated in details. The rain-flow counting method is adopted as the core algorithm for determining the fatigue damages from detected structural behavior parameters under various loading conditions. The employment of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is then followed as the core data processing module to collect and analyzed the monitored fatigue damages. Laboratory test results show that the developed intelligent fatigue monitoring system can provide a reliable and quick feedback and warning of fatigue failure. Therefore, with the advantages of low cost, ease for handling and installation, simple concept, high accuracy, and great reliability, the proposed tree-ring bio-inspired wireless fatigue monitoring system can be further applied to practical applications such as in mechanical engineering, civil infrastructures, transportation systems, aerospace engineering, and energy related structures.


Verifying a security system needs large number of event sequences to be generated and applied to the candidate system. Like other systems, security systems have various components or subsystems i.e. hardware or software in it. A security subsystem is said to be failed in the case of false acception and false rejection. For a reliable system, verification has to be performed more extensively on specific part(s) of the system, which is expected to be used more. In this paper, usage pattern, failure risk and failure impact associated with every subsystem are considered as indicator parameters. The criticality is calculated on the basis of effective failure risk exposure (FRE) of the event sequences. This paper suggests a method to calculate criticality of part of the system which contribute more towards reliability of the security system.


Consumption of kombucha fermented tea (KT) has always been associated with different health benefits. Many personal experiences and testimonials of KT drinkers are available throughout the world on the ability of KT to protect against a vast number of metabolic and infectious diseases, but very little scientific evidence is available that validates the beneficial effects of KT. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent studies in search of experimental confirmation of the numerous KT health-promoting aspects cited previously. Analysis of the literature data is carried out in correspondence to the recent concepts of health protection's requirements. Attention is given to the active compounds in KT, responsible for the particular effect, and to the mechanisms of their actions. It is shown that KT can efficiently act in health prophylaxis and recovery due to four main properties: detoxification, antioxidation, energizing potencies, and promotion of depressed immunity. The recent experimental studies on the consumption of KT suggest that it is suitable for prevention against broad-spectrum metabolic and infective disorders. This makes KT attractive as a fermented functional beverage for health prophylaxis.


Vibrational microscopy and imaging offer several advantages for a variety of dermatological applications, ranging from studies of isolated single cells (corneocytes) to characterization of endogenous components in intact tissue. Two applications are described to illustrate the power of these techniques for skin research. First, the feasibility of tracking structural alterations in the components of individual corneocytes is demonstrated. Two solvents, DMSO and chloroform/methanol, commonly used in dermatological research, are shown to induce large reversible alterations (α-helix to β-sheet) in the secondary structure of keratin in isolated corneocytes. Second, factor analysis of image planes acquired with confocal Raman microscopy to a depth of 70 μm in intact pigskin, demonstrates the delineation of specific skin regions. Two particular components that are difficult to identify by other means were observed in the epidermis. One small region was formed from a conformationally ordered lipid phase containing cholesterol. In addition, the presence of nucleated cells in the tissue (most likely keratinocytes) was revealed by the spectral signatures of the phosphodiester and cytosine moieties of cellular DNA.


ing, and multi-attribute models-all of which are used by marketing managers. The third section, "Using Marketing Resources," covers the allocation of marketing resources, uncertainty in marketing decisions, and the collection of marketing information, and might better have followed the next section, which is a discussion of strategies. While this part of the text is largely quantitative, the authors do acknowledge the creative elements in marketing and their contribution to the allocation of marketing resources. The fourth section covers product, channel, personal selling, advertising, and pricing strategies. The content in many of these chapters is excellent, such as the thorough discussion of pricing presented in Chapter 13. Unfortunately, the student is likely to find the material anecdotal, because the lack of structure within chapters makes it difficult for him to see exactly what he is learning. The material in the chapter on advertising strategy seems rather dated. The final section covers logistics, organization, information systems, and marketing management in the seventies. This reviewer wishes that important topics such as consumerism and public policy had 113


The whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activation (via the phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate, PDBu) on the modulation of potassium currents (I(K)) in cultured capsaicin-sensitive neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia from embryonic rat pups and grown in culture. PDBu, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, reduced I(K) measured at +60 mV by approximately 30% if the holding potential (V(h)) was -20 or -47 mV but had no effect if V(h) was -80 mV. The PDBu-induced inhibition of I(K) was blocked by pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I and I(K) was unaffected by 4-alpha phorbol, indicating that the suppression of I(K) was mediated by PKC. The inhibition of I(K) by 100 nM PDBu at a V(h) of -50 mV was reversed over several minutes if V(h) was changed to -80 mV. In addition, intracellular perfusion with 5 mM bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or pretreatment with omega-conotoxin GVIA or Cd(2+)-Ringer, but not nifedipine, prevented the PDBu-induced suppression of I(K) at -50 mV, suggesting that a voltage-dependent influx of calcium through N-type calcium channels was necessary for the activation of PKC. The potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3 mM and 30 microM) reduced I(K), but only TEA attenuated the ability of PDBu to further inhibit the current, suggesting that the I(K) modified by PDBu was sensitive to TEA. Interestingly, in the presence of 3 mM or 30 microM 4-AP, 100 nM PDBu inhibited I(K) when V(h) was -80 mV. Thus 4-AP promotes the capacity of PDBu to reduce I(K) at -80 mV. We find that activation of PKC inhibits I(K) in rat sensory neurons and that voltage-dependent calcium entry is necessary for the development and maintenance of this inhibition.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the most efficient method to follow patients after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) such that only those patients suffering significant post-operative problems are reviewed.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study comprised two parts: (1) a retrospective review of the case notes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent TURP under one consultant to determine whether any factors could be identified pre- or post-operatively by which those patients most likely to require clinic review could be selected and; (2) a prospective review of the succeeding 100 patients undergoing TURP, using a telephone 'screening' call made by the urological research nurse 3 months after the operation. Patients who requested follow-up and those patients with malignancy or admitted in high-pressure chronic retention were reviewed in the out-patient department.

RESULTS
In the first part, 17 patients (17%) required an out-patient review for malignancy. Only nine patients (11%) with benign histology required further treatment after TURP; this subgroup could not be identified on the basis of their pre- or post-operative symptoms. In the second part, 23 patients were not reviewed by telephone; 14 had carcinoma of the prostate, eight had no telephone and one could not be contacted after seven attempts. Of the remaining 77 contacted by phone, 61 (79%) declined further clinic review and 16 (21%) requested follow-up for persistent problems. A mean of two calls was made per patient and the mean duration of each call was 6.3 min.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on pre- or post-operative symptoms at the time of discharge, there is no reliable method of identifying those patients who have a poor result after TURP. Telephone screening of patients at 3 months identified successfully those patients who required an out-patient review and enabled resources to be targeted towards this difficult group of patients.


Using continuous wavelet transform, we examine the relationship between solar activity and the annual precipitation in the Beijing area. The results indicate that the annual precipitation is closely related to the variation of sunspot numbers, and that solar activity probably plays an important role in influencing the precipitation on land.


ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes is an independent predictor of limb amputation (versus revascularization) for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. Much of the cost related to diabetes results from macrovascular and microvascular complications, such as myocardial infarctions, end-stage renal disease, and lower extremity amputations (LEAs). This study aimed to examine the associations between gender and the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulcer. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by collected published articles from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases. Lower limb amputation, lower extremity amputation, diabetic foot, and diabetic ulcer keywords were used to collect the articles. The inclusion criteria were full text, cohort study, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and revman 5.3. Results: 9 articles were reported that male increased the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients (aOR= 1.60; 95% CI= 1.32 to 1.94; p<0.001). Conclusion: Male increases the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: lower extremity amputation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot ulcer Correspondence: Anissa Eka Septiani. Masters Program in Public Heath, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Mobile: 089514646458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.37


x I don't know why it should be, I am sure; but the sight of another man asleep in bed when I am up, maddens me. It seems to me so shocking to see the precious hours of a man's life-the priceless moments that will never come back to him again-being wasted in mere brutish sleep. – – Jerome K. Jerome, Three men in a boat Duality is a transformation that maps lines and points into points and lines, respectively, while preserving some properties in the process. Despite its relative simplicity, it is a powerful tool that can dualize what seems like " hard " problems into easy dual problems. 25.1 Duality of lines and points Consider a line ≡ y = ax + b in two dimensions. It is being parameterized by two constants a and b, which we can interpret, paired together, as a point in the parametric space of the lines. Naturally, this also gives us a way of interpreting a point as defining coefficients of a line. Thus, conceptually, points are lines and lines are points. Formally, the dual point to the line ≡ y = ax + b is the point = (a, −b). Similarly, for a point p = (c, d) its dual line is p = cx − d. Namely, p = (a, b) ⇒ p : y = ax − b : y = cx + d ⇒ = (c, −d). We will consider a line ≡ y = cx + d to be a linear function in one dimension, and let (x) = cx + d. A point p = (a, b) lies above a line ≡ y = cx + d if p lies vertically above. Formally, we have that b > (a) = ca + d. We will denote this fact by p. Similarly, the point p lies below if b < (a) = ca + d, denoted by p ≺. A line supports a convex set S ⊆ IR 2 if it intersects S but the interior of S lies completely on one side of. x This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit


Angiotrophosis, which includes the so-called Buerger's disease or thrombo-angiitis obliterans, is the only disease with a normal red blood count in which a high viscosity is not an unusual exception. In this desease 85% of all cases investigated had blood viscosities of 4.8 or over.

This finding, the presence of painful papules, the clinical pictures of trench foot (see Sweet, Norris, and Wilmer, Jour. A.M.A., Vol. 70, No. 7) and the clinical course of many cases confirms the writer in his opinion that this entire group of conditions is more or less related and is usually amenable to treatment, a view which offers a much more favorable prognosis than that given by Buerger.

In the immediate case the treatment should consist of rest in bed, bland diet, heat in the form of continuous electric light-baths to the extremities, the ingestion of from 4000 to 6000 C. C. of Ringer's solution by means of the duodenal tube, and sodium iodide intravenously. After the acute symptoms have subsided the treatment should consist in an entire change in the habits of the individual in order to diminish the functional demands upon the local circulation, and the avoidance of all forms of toxic absorption from whatever source, the circulation exercises devised by Buerger, and at the same time the ingestion of large quantities of water to keep down the blood viscosity. The body must at all times be protected from being chilled or compressed, not an easy matter in these days of light clothing, openwork shoes and stockings, and tight, narrow shoes.


An aminopyrazole PD 71627 (5-amino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) (2-fluorophenyl)methanone, and two amide derivatives, PD 108298, N-[4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-2- ([3-(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)-propyl]amino) acetamide-(Z)-2-butanedioate (1:2), and PD 109394, 2-(diethylamino)-N-[4-(2- fluorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acetamide hydrochloride, proposed neuroleptic drugs, were found to elicit mammary adenocarcinomas in male rats after 13 weeks of treatment. These compounds were assessed for their ability to induce His+ revertants (rev) in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538) in the presence and absence of S9 activation. All were found to be potent mutagens in TA98 and TA100 after a 20 min pre-incubation with Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9. However, the activity of the amino-pyrazole PD 71627 was much greater than the amide derivatives, PD 108298 or PD 109394, with activity of 11,800 rev/mumol, 670 rev/mumol, and 230 rev/mumol respectively in TA100, the strain showing the greatest response. A comparison of liver S9 fractions from rats untreated or pretreated with phenobarbital (PB) or Aroclor 1254 showed that S9 from animals pretreated with PB provided the greatest activation capability for the aminopyrazole PD 71627 (59,300 rev/mumol in TA100). Three structural analogs of the aminopyrazole PD 71627, two without the amine and one with a methyl substituent on the amine, were compared with PD 71627 for induction of revertants in TA100 and TA98. The compounds without the amine had no mutagenic activity while the methyl derivative induced 3100 rev/mumol in TA100 after preincubation with Aroclor 1254-induced S9. This confirmed that the amine on the pyrazole ring was required for mutagenic activity. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that these compounds cause cancer in animals as a result of DNA damage.


The study examined the influence of marital dynamics on the psychological wellbeing of farm-families in Ogun-state Nigeria. Research participants included spouses in twenty-six families drawn from five farming communities in the state. The uniqueness of the study is its feminist methodological approach, which emphasizes the inclusion of men's and women's views and perceptions, as opposed to a polarized view of men exclusively as the oppressors and perpetrators of female subordination. Findings of the study provide useful information for gender analysis and development of gender-sensitive and gender-specific interventions needed for the enhancement of the psychological wellbeing of farm-families. Gender and Behaviour Vol. 2 2004: 141-157


The effect of different host plants on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) body size was investigated. Thrips from three different populations, from the Netherlands, Italy, and USA, achieved greater body sizes when reared on cucumber than on bean. The same thrips grew larger when reared on susceptible than on resistant cucumber. On the latter, reproduction was reduced, suggesting that smaller thrips have a lower reproduction. However, no evidence was found for a correlation between size and reproduction in experiments with thrips from four different populations, from the Netherlands, New Zealand, France, and USA that differed significantly in body size. Also when individual thrips from the four populations were tested, there was no correlation between size and reproduction. It is concluded that resistant cucumber affects both size and reproduction of F. occidentalis. However, lower reproduction in general is not associated with smaller body size.


Simultaneous fast measurements of electron density and temperature, Dα emission and Mirnov probe fluctuations in JT-60U during type I ELMs have been performed. Density fluctuations, measured with two vertical chords of the far infrared interferometer (FIR) at low and high field sides, have been found instrumental in determining spatial structure of type I ELMs (fluctuations localized mainly at the low field side) and duration of its MHD phase. Two different mechanisms for the initial phase of the interaction between the ELM-induced power and particle flows into the scrape-off layer (SOL) and the divertor target have been considered. They may explain the observed difference in the behaviour of Dα emission spikes at the inner and outer targets, which is related to the value of electron collisionality at the pedestal before the ELM. In ELMs with low pedestal collisionality, sharp fronts of Dα emission spikes at the inner and outer strike points and their simultaneous occurrence, coincident with the start of large-scale oscillations observed on the FIR channels, is observed. It is concluded that in such ELMs, plasma-wall interaction is initiated by a power flow conducted to the target through electron channel. In ELMs with high pedestal collisionality (but still of type I), slower evolution of fast signals was observed, with more gradual Dα spikes and clear time delays between outer and inner Dα channels, consistent with the mechanism of convective parallel energy fluxes with the ion sound speed proposed at JET.


Background and Objectives Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a critical role in the success of lumbar spinal fusion with autogenous bone graft. This study aims to explore the role and specific mechanism of miR-34c-5p in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Methods and Results Rabbit model of lumbar fusion was established by surgery. The osteogenic differentiation dataset of mesenchymal stem cells was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed using R language (limma package). The expressions of miR-34c-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-361-5p, RUNX2, OCN and Bcl-2 were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. ELISA, Alizarin red staining and CCK-8 were used to detect the ALP content, calcium deposition and proliferation of BMSCs. The targeted binding sites between miR-34c-5p and Bcl-2 were predicted by the Target database and verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-34c-5p expression was higher in rabbit lumbar fusion model and differentiated BMSCs than normal rabbit or BMSCs. The content of ALP and the deposition of calcium increased with the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Upregulation of miR-34c-5p reduced cell proliferation and promoted ALP content, calcium deposition, RUNX2 and OCN expression compared with the control group. The effects of miR-34c-5p inhibitor were the opposite. In addition, miR-34c-5p negatively correlated with Bcl-2. Upregulation of Bcl-2 reversed the effects of miR-34c-5p on ALP content, calcium deposition, and the expressions of RUNX2 and OCN. Conclusions miR-34c-5p could promote osteogenic differentiation and suppress proliferation of BMSCs by inhibiting Bcl-2.


EEG signals are among the weakest and most disturbing vital signals because with the slightest change in body posture, and various artifacts will be added to them. The presence of artifacts in the EEG signal leads to an incorrect analysis of this signal. Due to the importance of the subject, various methods have been proposed to eliminate these artifacts. In this thesis, the Wavelet-RLS modified method for removing eyelid articulation from the EEG signal is improved. We then compare the performance of the modified Wavelet-RLS method with the SNR and MSE criteria with the RLS and regular Wavelet-RLS methods. In this method, first, the noise signal is analyzed by the wavelet. Then the coefficients in the frequency bands, including the blinking effect, are filtered by a recursive least squares (RLS). Finally, the clean signal is reconstructed with the inverse Wavelet transformation. The results show that the performance of the modified Wavelet-RLS method is better than the regular Wavelet-RLS and RLS methods in terms of MSE and SNR.


A cut ε-sparsifier of a weighted graph G is a re-weighted subgraph of G of (quasi)linear size that preserves the size of all cuts up to a multiplicative factor of ε. Since their introduction by Benczúr and Karger [STOC'96], cut sparsifiers have proved extremely influential and found various applications. Going beyond cut sparsifiers, Filtser and Krauthgamer [SIDMA'17] gave a precise classification of which binary Boolean CSPs are sparsifiable. In this paper, we extend their result to binary CSPs on arbitrary finite domains.


We report on InP/InGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) that cover the spectral range from 8 to 11 μm. The only previously reported operating wavelength for QWIPs of the same material system was around 8 μm. The higher operating wavelengths were achieved by including the strain as an additional band gap engineering parameter. According to our calculations, the InP/InGaAs lattice-mismatched multiple quantum well structures are suitable for design QWIPs covering the 5.5–11 μm range. We demonstrate five different QWIP structures with bound-to-bound and bound-to-continuum transitions for photodetection in the 8–12 μm atmospheric window. The calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental data. We found that the InP/InGaAs material system is more flexible than GaAs/AlGaAs because it has an additional degree of freedom—the strain for band gap engineering design.


This study was to evaluate the effect of a Chinese genetic engineering product of rhG-CSF (Lishengsu) on leukopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with malignant solid tumors. One hundred and forty cases of leukopenia following chemoradiotherapy for malignant tumors were treated with Lishengsu. When the total leukocyte counts (WBC) less than 3.0 x 10(9)/L or the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 2.0 x 10(9)/L, Lishengsu was given 75 micro g/day subantaneously and the administration was stopped when the WBC counts rose up to 4.0 x 10(9)/L or higher, or the ANC counts reached 2.5 x 10(9)/L or more. The results showed that peripheral leukocyte counts in all patients following the treatment with Lishengsu were recovered and the average time of its administration was 4.8 days. The rate of its efficaciousness was 96.4%. It is concluded that Lishengsu could elevate nadirs of leukopenia and significantly shortened time period of leukopenia below 4.0 x 10(9)/L with acceptable mild side effects, decrease complications of infection so that the chinese product of rhG-CSF facilitates chemoradiotherapy significantly.


In this paper we study optimal control problems with multiple time delays in control and state and
mixed type control-state constraints. We derive necessary
optimality conditions in the form of a Pontryagin type Minimum Principle.
A discretization method is presented by which the delayed control problem is transformed
into a nonlinear programming problem. It is shown that the associated Lagrange multipliers provide a consistent
numerical approximation for the adjoint variables of the delayed optimal control problem. We illustrate
the theory and numerical approach on an analytical example and an optimal control model from immunology.


Rapeseed is the second most common oilseed crop worldwide. While the start of rapeseed breeding in Russia dates back to the middle of the 20th century, its widespread cultivation began only recently. In contrast to the world's rapeseed genetic variation, the genetic composition of Russian rapeseed lines remained unexplored. We have addressed this question by performing genome-wide genotyping of 90 advanced rapeseed accessions provided by the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Genome-wide genetic analysis demonstrated a clear difference between Russian rapeseed varieties and the rapeseed varieties from the rest of the world, including the European ones, indicating that rapeseed breeding in Russia proceeded in its own independent direction. Hence, genetic determinants of agronomical traits might also be different in Russian rapeseed lines. To assess it, we collected the glucosinolate content data for the same 90 genotyped accessions obtained during three years and performed an association mapping of this trait. We indeed found that the loci significantly associated with glucosinolate content variation in the Russian rapeseed collection differ from those previously reported for the non-Russian rapeseed lines.