The development of promising solid acid catalysts alternative to hazardous liquid acids is essential towards a sustainable chemical industry. This work reports the synthesis of nanostructured CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 and CeO2–WO3/SiO2 solid acids, along with CeO2–MoO3, CeO2–WO3 and CeO2 for continuous-flow oxidative coupling of benzylamine using O2 as a green oxidant. A systematic physicochemical characterization has been undertaken using XRD, Raman, N2 adsorption–desorption, TEM, NH3-TPD, and XPS techniques. It was found that the dispersion of CeO2–MoO3 and CeO2–WO3 species on the SiO2 support leads to remarkable structural and acidic properties, due to the synergetic effect of the respective components. TEM analysis reveals the presence of highly dispersed WO3 (0.8–1.2 nm) and MoO3 (0.8–1 nm) nanoparticles in the synthesized catalysts. Among the various catalysts developed, the CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 sample exhibited higher BET surface area (248 m2 g−1), abundant oxygen vacancy defects, and large amounts of strong acidic sites. Owing to improved properties, the CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 solid-acid showed a superior catalytic performance in the continuous-flow oxidative coupling of benzylamine: the obtained benzylamine conversions for 1 h are ∼11.8, 55, 70, 76, and 96%, respectively, for CeO2, CeO2–WO3, CeO2–WO3/SiO2, CeO2–MoO3, and CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 catalysts. Importantly, the CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 solid acid exhibited a remarkable steady performance in terms of benzylamine conversion (∼88–96%) and selectivity of N-benzylbenzaldimine product (∼96–97.8%) up to 6 h. The outstanding catalytic performance of CeO2–MoO3/SiO2 solid acid coupled with the application of continuous-flow synthesis, economical benefits of the respective oxides, and eco-friendly oxidant is expected to bring new opportunities in the design of industrially-favourable chemical processes.


Background Anemia has up to 87% prevalence in high Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV burden settings of the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Ethiopia. It increases Lost to follow up (LTFU) rate, reduces quality of life and shortens the life expectancy of TB-HIV patients. Despite these facts, there is limited information on anemia and its determinants among TB-HIV adults of ART naïve in Ethiopia in general. Hence, the current study will partly fill the gap in the setting particularily.Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 TB-HIV co-infected patients of ART naïve who have been started treatment from January, 2009 to December, 2017 in two public hospital of Mekelle, Ethiopia by reviewing an ART register and patient medical charts. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) of binomial family with link function logit (logit model) was fitted to identify the statistically significant determinants of anemia. Finally, the decision was made based on the 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) and the magnitude of association was measured based on the Adjusted Odds ratio (Adj. OR).Results At baseline, the cumulative prevalence of anemia was 59.0% (95% CI: 53.3% – 64.6%) where the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia's 24.6%, 28.2% and 6.2%, respectively. Female sex ((Adj.OR = 0.379; 95% CI: 0.226 – 0.635) and Body Mass Index (Adj. OR = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.823 - 0.977) reduces the odds of developing anemia whereas baseline ambulatory functional status (Adj. OR = 2.302; 95% CI: 1.293 - 4.097), Bedridden functional status (Adj. OR = 2.352; 95% CI: 1.074 - 5.149), HIV Clinical stage III (Adj. OR = 2.987; 95% CI: 1.226-7.279) and HIV Clinical stage IV (Adj. OR = 3.056; 95% CI: 1.219 - 7.657) increases the odds of anemia in TB-HIV co-infected adults of ART naïve in the current study.Conclusion Six in every ten TB-HIV co-infected adults of ART naïve developed anemia at baseline. Therefore, curious attention has to be given to undernourished, advanced clinical stage (III and IV) and non-working functional status TB-HIV adults to reducing anemia associated bad consequences.


Electrical discharges in liquids are considered an efficient and ecological technique of nanoparticle synthesis via controlled erosion of electrodes. Herein, we use spark discharges between Co–Co, Ni–Ni, Co–Ni, or Ni–Co electrodes immersed in distilled water to synthesize Co and/or Ni nanoparticles, as well as their oxides. When mixed electrodes are used (Co–Ni or Ni–Co), both Co and Ni nanoparticles are produced, and the major species is dictated by the nature of the anode pin. The characteristics of nanoparticles synthesized under varying conditions of pulse width (100 and 500 ns) and voltage amplitude (5 and 20 kV) are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Within the investigated discharge conditions, it is not possible to produce Co–Ni nanoalloys; however, core–shell nanoparticles are observed among the Ni and Co nanoparticles. Finally, the direct optical bandgaps of the nanomaterials are determined using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy.


A drama «conceived as a serial novel». Translations of the Risorgimento on the stage of the Great War - The article focuses on Italian theatre and its reception during the First World War, in particular on the dramas and performances based on the Risorgimento's history. This type of performance cannot be considered as high or low theatre: the plots cannot be bound to one category, audience reactions are the same in Milan as they are in small city theatres and in schools, independently from who is acting. The author sheds light on the popularization process of national history through theatre and at the same time, contextualises these apparently opaque plots, in an attempt to understand what the performances conveyed.


Four equine herpesviruses (equine abortion virus, equine herpesvirus types 2 and 3, and equine cytomegalovirus) were compared. The equine abortion virus did not cross-neutralize with any of the other viruses, but the other three did show varying degrees of cross-neutralization among themselves. Equine abortion virus grew more quickly in tissue cultures than did the others, and attained higher titers of infectivity in the culture fluid; it also formed plaques in a wider range of tissue culture species, although the other three were not specific for one tissue culture system only, in that they would multiply in rabbit and cat kidney cultures. The densities of the deoxyribonucleic acids of all four viruses were in the range 1.716 to 1.717 g/ml (a guanine plus cytosine content of 57 to 58%). Taxonomic separation, as a distinct serotype, of equine abortion virus from the other herpesviruses seems to be justified. The other three are closely related to one another. They should perhaps be regarded as separate viruses and termed horse herpesviruses types 2, 3, and 4, although an alternative view would be to regard them as variants of a single virus type. The question of whether types 2, 3, and 4, or any other herpesviruses, should be placed in a phylogenetically distinct subgroup, known as cytomegaloviruses, is a moot point.


Structural health monitoring systems are based on suitable sensor techniques allowing online and offline supervision of technical systems. The quantification of sensors/measurement devices is a key issue for qualifying their effectiveness and efficiency and therefore to ensure safe operations. Probability of detection serves as a performance measure for quantifying the reliability of conventional nondestructive testing procedures taking into account statistical variability of sensor-based measurements. For vibration-based supervision approaches and fault detection and isolation methods, the probability of detection approach cannot be applied similarly. This results mainly from the complexity of the dynamical behavior of systems monitored in relation to faults, sensors position (observability), and the related feature extraction or monitoring task. In this contribution, probability of detection evaluation of vibration-based fault detection of elastic mechanical structures to be monitored is developed. Beside a principal discussion of the problem serving as introduction, an example using different sensor types in combination with mechanical modifications of an elastic beam is presented. The a90/95-criteria representing probability of 90% detection at a confidence level of 95% is examined to the measurements and related outcomes. Based on the analysis of a suitably chosen feature (like eigenfrequency or band power) and dependent on the mechanical modes considered, the efficiency and deficiency of the different combinations are shown. Based on the proposed approach, a new insight into the usefulness of different sensor type and fault position combination becomes possible. To improve the detection quality, suitable assumptions in combination with sensor/information fusion are applied to feature-based analysis as detection task using vibration measurements. In addition, based on an experimental evaluation, it can be concluded that a suitable fault-feature probability of detection analysis can be successfully implemented as a new reliable measure for vibration-based fault detection and isolation approaches. Furthermore, decision fusion as the combination of different measurements will allow the improvement of results. Dependent on noise analysis, a trade-off between flaw size detection and probability of falsely characterizing a fault with a90/95 reliability level can be attained.


Incubations of [1-14C]arachidonic acid with unstimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes resulted in the formation of four new metabolites in a previously described reverse-phase HPLC system. Three of these metabolites were largely suppressed in a CO/O2 (80/20, by vol.) atmosphere indicating a cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenase reaction. In agreement with this assumption is their NADPH/O2-dependent formation in the microsomal fraction. One metabolite was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis as omega-hydroxy-arachidonic acid and the two others were secondary products identified as omega-carboxy-arachidonic acid and 5,20-dihydroxy-E,Z,Z,Z-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. Since the affinity for arachidonate of the omega-monooxygenase was quite low and the presence of LTB4 suppressed the omega-hydroxylation of arachidonate, we conclude that the known LTB4 omega-monooxygenase is responsible for the formation of omega-hydroxy-arachidonate. It is unlikely, however, that significant concentrations of these metabolites are formed by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vivo. The fourth metabolite remains tightly associated with the leukocytes but has not been further characterized.


Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm−2. An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times.


The discrete variational method within the framework of density functional theory is used to study the effect of zirconium on the electronic structure of the grain boundary in . The results for the interatomic energies show that the strength of the grain boundary is increased by the substitution of Zr for Al. The calculation of the charge distribution indicates that the directionality of the bonds in the grain boundary region is weakened by the addition of Zr. These results show that the alloying effect of Zr introduced into can significantly improve the ductility of , while strengthening the grain boundary.


An unusual variant of nephroblastoma occurring in association with a multilocular cyst of the kidney is described in a 4-year-old black child.


Author(s): Snay, Heather | Advisor(s): Ghosh, Bishnupriya | Abstract: What happens when a person becomes ill? What is the effect of this process of becoming a patient? What effect, if any, does this have on the individual's psyche? This thesis asks these questions to provide a window into the process we all go through when we become ill and enter the world of medicine. In order to explore the idea of whether or not the moment of diagnosis can cause mental violence to the patient the extreme historical case of Hansen's disease is analyzed. Known to many by its more common term, "leprosy," which will be referred to as Hansen's monstrous metaphor, a multimedia archival analysis is conducted to deconstruct how "leprosy" came to be a monstrous metaphor and what the effect of this is on the patient. Through discursive analysis of historical legislation, fictional narratives, contemporary newspapers and physician reports, as well as analysis of patient narratives or the autopathography the construction of "leprosy" as a monstrous metaphor evoking a socially stigmatizing and dehumanizing condition is revealed. The first chapter, which focuses on the construction of "leprosy" as a metaphor, demonstrates that medical discourse has the potentiality to build a dehumanizing social condition around a clinical diagnostic. It is then, from this social condition, that political action and governance is justified. As a result, the diagnostic moment becomes laden with not only social implications but political ones as well. The impact of this on the individual is at the heart of what this thesis aims to uncover. The second chapter is then, devoted to analyzing two different autopathographies in an attempt to uncover what a diagnosis of a disease which has been constructed into such a socially and politically laden identity, has on the individual. This is meant not only in relation to their physical health and their social or political positionalities, but to their own individual understandings of their 'self' and how this impacts them at the register of the psyche.This analysis illuminates that the health narrative, or autopathography, should be considered a vital part of medical education in order to encourage holistic practices which focus on the patient as a person. These narratives, from the perspective of the patient, allow the patient's voice to be heard in a field that so often silences it. These narratives can help close the gap between the patient and the practitioner who is often so focused on the disease, they forget the patient is not a subject, but a human. They forget that the disease is not only in a lab or an examination room, but a lived reality for a person. I analyze two autopathographies, Olivia: my life in exile in Kalaupapa by Olivia Robello Breitha (1988) and Miracle at Carville by Betty Martin (1950), written by patients who had the biological illness, Hansen's disease. In this thesis a stark difference is drawn between Hansen's disease and what, through Susan Sontag's theory of "illness as metaphor," this thesis will term as Hansen's monstrous metaphor, "leprosy" (1978). Through analysis of both Betty's and Olivia's narratives it becomes clear that what they suffered from most is the monstrous metaphor "leprosy" which they have been forced to embody. In analyzing their narrations, the voices of Betty and Olivia expose diagnosis as a moment of a psychic rupture. Suddenly, they see their body through the dehumanizing and pathologizing discourse around "leprosy". The internal reactions they describe can only be understood as alienation from one's own body. I argue that diagnosis can be a moment of mental violence. This is not only as a result of the biological ailment, but any social condition which the diagnosis ascribes to the patient's body as well. As a result, the social condition should also be considered part of that which the patient must contend. Annemarie Mol's The Body Multiple (2002) argues that illness is multiple as it impacts the patient's life in many different ways, is something different under the microscope in the lab and is yet something else to the nurse and to the doctor. Mol's work is, therefore, a vital text which I incorporate into my own discussion of why health narratives, as they illuminate this multiplicity of illness, should be part of medical education since the practitioner should account for these multiplicities in caring for the patient. Additionally, by analyzing this historical extreme case of an illness that has sustained a social imaginary and evokes images of zombies and "lion faces" the potentiality, and therefore, the power of diagnosis over the individual is uncovered as one that has the ability to alienate the 'self' from its own body. Therefore, I argue the body is a space from which the 'self' can become "unhomed". By incorporating Homi Bhabha's notion of cultural "unhoming" the body becomes an unsafe space for the 'self' to exist (1994). Ultimately, what this analysis reveals is the moment of diagnosis as a crucial point where the gap between the patient and practitioner must be closed by a holistic approach. This includes accounting for the multiplicity of illness as it is in this fragile moment that the patient is vulnerable to mental violence.


Baseball pitching is a complex activity that requires a high level of conditioning in the athlete. Baseball pitching is more complex than many other activities that can be definitively categorized as power activities or aerobic activities. Pitching involves all components of physical fitness and does not fit discretely into a category for training.  Controversy in training has existed for many years. Pitching coaches have differed in their approach to conditioning, with some coaches focusing on aerobic endurance training, while others have focused solely on training for power. Research (1, 2) has indicated that aerobic conditioning and overall physical fitness is an important component of training for baseball pitching performance. Research using the physiological monitoring and the portable lactate analysis to measure heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood lactate, indicates that baseball pitchers are working at a high percentage of their VO2 max (not crossing lactate threshold) while still clearing lactate between innings.  When comparing game conditions with simulated game conditions, research indicates that high heart rates and respiratory rates do not indicate anxiety level during game, as both conditions were reported as having no significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, or blood lactate levels (3).  There is a physiological point at which a pitcher is susceptible to injury, and if a pitcher is monitored, and his AT is known, we can predict that point of susceptibility. Biomechanical analyses of baseball pitching indicate that repetitive submaximal muscular contraction is necessary for success. The lower body produces/generates the force/power needed to pitch the ball, continuously throughout the inning. As the lower body fatigues, body position changes causing different muscle groups to be recruited to maintain the same force or power production. With fatigue onset in the lower body, the upper body muscles that are essential in stabilization of the glenohumeral joint and shoulder girdle, will be recruited to maintain speed pitch (force production), putting the pitcher at increased risk of injury.  Injury risk in baseball pitchers begins when they cross lactate threshold and begin recruiting muscle fibers in the arm that are essential in stabilization, and that are not usually used during the pitch. Players must recruit additional muscle to sustain throw velocity.  Baseball pitchers are working at a high percentage of VO2max for an extended period, over the course of the inning. Lactate levels clear, and thus, the player is using predominately aerobic energy over the course of an inning. Crossing AT leads to lactate accumulation post-inning and puts player at risk of injury. As the pitcher's form breaks down, additional stress is placed on shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint (2). Deconditioned pitchers accumulate more lactate each inning than conditioned pitchers (pilot data, 1). The deconditioned pitchers reach lactate threshold more rapidly, and are at a greater risk of injury due to a breakdown in pitching biomechanics.  Pitch count is an outdated form of predicting fatigue. It differs for each pitcher, and is not scientific. With all of the technology available today, a shift towards monitoring the physiological and biomechanical indicators of fatigue is essential in predicting injury in pitchers.


ABSTRACT Ardiyati Jatika. EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF - MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE CAREER PLANNING OF STUDENTS OF CLASS XI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL BATIK 1 SURAKARTA . Thesis, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education SebelasMaret University Surakarta. July 2018. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Self Management technique to improve career planning of students of class XI Senior High School Batik 1 Surakarta. The method used in this reasech was Quasi Experimental Design, study subjects of this research were 30 divided into a control group and experimental group. Data collected using career planning questionnaire. Data about career planning of students were obtained from the results of pretest and posttest conducted by researcher. Treatment of self - management was held during four meetings, self management technique was done to improve the career planning of class XI students of Seni or High School Batik 1 Surakarta. Data analysis used was Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon help by SPSS 20. The results of the Mann Whitney test analysis on the pre - test activities revealed that U was 108,500 and the Z test value was - 0,167 with a significance of 0,868> 0,05, then Ho was accepted Ha was rejected and in the post - test activities it was known that U was obtained a value of 2500 and the Z test was - 4,567 with a significance of 0,000 <0,05, so Ho was rejected Ha was accepted. The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis show that Z was - 3.444 with a significance value of 0.001. These results show 0.001 <0.05 which means that there was a significant difference between the pre - test data and the post - test data of the study subjects after being given treatment. The results of the study could show that Self - Management could improve the career planning of students. The increase occured because students began to be able to manage themselves which then was used as a basis for planning their career. The conclusion o f this research is self - management effective to improve career planning of students of class XI Senior High School Batik 1 Surakarta. Keywords: Career planning, Self - management, High School Students of Class XI


We study population protocols, a model of distributed computing appropriate for modeling well-mixed chemical reaction networks and other physical systems where agents exchange information in pairwise interactions, but have no control over their schedule of interaction partners. The majority problem is that of determining in an initial population of $n$ agents, each with one of two opinions $A$ or B, whether there are more A, more B, or a tie. A stable protocol solves this problem with probability 1 by eventually entering a configuration in which all agents agree on a correct consensus decision of A, B, or T, from which the consensus cannot change. We describe a protocol solving this problem using O(log n) states (log log $n$ + O(1) bits of memory) and optimal expected time $O$(log $n$). The number of states $O$(log $n$) is known to be optimal for polylogarithmic time stable protocols that are "output dominant" and "monotone" [1]. These are two natural constraints satisfied by our protocol, making it simultaneously time- and state-optimal for that class. We introduce a key technique called a "fixed resolution clock" to achieve partial synchronization. Our protocol is nonuniform: the transition function has the value [log $n$] encoded in it. We show that the protocol can be modified to be uniform, while increasing the state complexity to Θ (log $n$ log log n).


The study of Web MGIS(Marine Geographic Information System) based on the SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) is mainly performed on effective methodologies which transform real world data to computing world data. Web GUI system has its own target on reliable data service by acquisition of geometric information using HYCOM(HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model), accurate measurement and graphical visualization. This type of raw data visualization can be built without software tools, yet is incredibly useful for interpreting and communicating data. Even simple visualizations can aid in the interpretation of complex hydrodynamic relationships that are frequently encountered in the marine environment. The Web MGIS provides an easy way for hydrodynamic geoscientists to construct complex visualizations that can be viewed with free software. This study proposes a Web GUI MGIS using FVCOM(Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model). Finally, we design a Marine Web GUI system of Kosrae Coastal Waters integrating above data models. It must adds more ecological information and the various service item for approach more easily in order to user.


This paper proposes the use of story as a method of organizing and communicating nursing knowledge which assures groundedness in the ontology of nursing. The nursing situation is viewed as the unit of nursing knowledge, and the nursing story is the re-creation or representation of that situation.


Diluted magnetic semiconductors Cd1−xFexSe were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Their structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. The effect of Fe doping on the morphology and photoluminescence of CdSe was investigated. The photoluminescence study indicated that the crystalline structure of the Cd1−xFexSe films changed from a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phase to a single hexagonal phase with increasing Fe content.


We use data from the USDA's National Household and Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey to describe the nutritional quality of foods purchased and acquired by a nationally representative sample of Americans. We compare the nutritional quality of foods purchased and acquired by households that participate in USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to the foods of other low-income, SNAP-nonparticipating households and those of higher income households. We also compare the nutritional quality of foods purchased and acquired by households with low access to healthy food retailers to households with better access, for the population as a whole, and for the SNAP-participating and -nonparticipating subgroups previously described. Similarly, we compare nutritional quality of foods obtained from supermarkets and other grocery retailers to foods prepared away from home at restaurants, fast-food establishments, schools, and other sources for the whole population and for defined subgroups. We find that lower nutritional quality of household food acquisitions was associated with SNAP participation status and limited household access to healthy food retailers. More reliance on food prepared away from home was also associated with lower nutritional quality, especially for higher income households.


This paper investigates the interaction between consumers and producers in designing incentive mechanism for climate protection. Firms have material interests in building a moral reputation for those consumers who prefer buying from socially responsible firms. We examine optimal monetary transfer by addressing crowding out effect due to reputation. We find green reputation leads to overprotection and brown firms buy reputation if consumers have strong preference on green products. When consumers care less about firms' reputation, firms do not have any incentive to buy reputation.


The expression of many virulence determinants inStaphylococcus aureus is controlled by regulatory loci such as agr and sar. We have previously shown that the SarA protein is required for optimal transcription of RNAII and RNAIII in the agr locus. To define the specific molecular interaction, we overexpressed SarA as a glutathioneS-transferase (GST) fusion protein by cloning the 372-base pair (bp) sarA gene into the vector. The purified GST-SarA as well as cleaved SarA were able to bind specifically to the P2, P3, and the combined P2-P3 promoter fragments of agr in gel shift assays. Using monoclonal antibodies to SarA, we found that SarA is a part of the retarded protein-DNA complex as evidenced by the formation of a supershifted band. The SarA binding site on theagr promoter, mapped by DNase I footprinting assay, covered a 29-bp region between the P2 and P3 promoters devoid of any direct repeats. A synthetic 45-bp fragment encompassing the 29-bp sequence also bound the SarA protein in band shift assays. Serial in-frame deletion analysis of sarA revealed that, with the exception of 15 residues in the N terminus, almost all of SarA (residues 16–124) is essential for agr binding activity. Northern analysis confirmed that only the sar mutant clone containing a truncated sarA gene with a 15-residue deletion in the N terminus (SarA16–124) could activate agrtranscription to a level approaching that of the full-length counterpart (SarA1–124). Taken together, these data indicated that SarA is a DNA-binding protein with binding specificity to the P2 and P3 interpromoter region of agr, thereby activating RNAII and RNAIII transcription.


Let Φ(N) denote the number of products of matrices [ 1 1 0 1 ] and [ 1 0 1 1 ] of trace equal to N , and Ψ(N) = N n=3 Φ(n) be the number of such products of trace at most N. We prove an asymptotic formula of type Ψ(N) = c1N 2 log N + c2N 2 + Oε(N 7/4+ε) as N → ∞. As a result, the Dirichlet series ∞ n=3 Φ(n)n −s has a meromorphic extension in the half-plane ℜ(s) > 7 4 with a single, order two pole at s = 2. Our estimate also improves on an asymptotic result of Faivre concerning the distribution of reduced quadratic irrationals, providing an explicit upper bound for the error term.


Background: Tourism is one of the main work fields in Bali. Almost 23 percent of working-age people in Bali work in the tourism area directly or indirectly. There are about 2000 hotels in Bali. Housekeeping is one of the physically demanding professions in tourism. Their job is to maintain cleanliness and neatness all over area in the hotel. Their work time is 8–9 hours each shift every day. So it can be inferred that this kind of job needs a lot of physical activity. It is inferred that regular physical activity (PA) reduces the blood pressure (BP) of individuals with hypertension and also can reflects to individual anthropometric status and lipid profile. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between physical worker and non-physical worker with incidence of hypertension in hotel staffs in Bali. This study also investigates the relationship between anthropometric status and dyslipidemia with incidence of hypertension in hotel staffs in Bali. Method: A total of 291 hotel staffs that worked in Discovery Kartika Plaza Hotel (DKP Hotel) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. DKP Hotel was randomly selected with multi-stage random sampling around other 5-stars hotels in Bali. Self-reported information was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Physical worker status was chosen only from Housekeeping department, and non-physical workers were selected from Finance, Sales Marketing, Human Resources and Executive Office Department. Anthropometric measurement included Body Mass Index, waist circumference, and percentage body fat (by bio-impedance analysis). We also collect blood sample from this study sample to collect total cholesterol and triglyceride data. This study uses ACC AHA 2017 criteria for hypertension, ATP III guideline for dyslipidemia and obesity, and WHO-Gallagher criteria for body fat percentage. We use Pearson Chi-Square to analyze the data with SPSS 24. Result: We found that there is a significant relationship between physical workers with prevalence of hypertension compared with non-physical workers. About 12.5% of physical worker has hypertension and 30.3% of non-physical worker has hypertension (p-value = 0.025). Dyslipidemia also has a significant relationship with hypertension (p-value = 0.013). In this study Body Mass Index status and abdominal obesity doesn't have significant relationship with hypertension (p-value = 0.310, and p-value = 0.569), but BMI status and abdominal obesity have a significant relationship with dyslipidemia (p-value = 0.03 and p-value = 0.024), so with these results we can conclude that BMI and abdominal obesity also has indirect relationship with hypertension in hotel staffs. Body Fat Percentage also has a significant relationship with hypertension (p value = 0.031). Conclusion: Physical workers has lower hypertension prevalence compared with non-physical worker among Hotel Staffs in Bali. Anthropometric status and dyslipidemia has significant relationship with prevalence of hypertension.


Though lack of definite evidences,closed suction drainage after arthroplasty is routinely employed by the majority of orthopaedic surgeons with the aim of preventing the formation of wound haematoma,reducing delayed wound healing and the risk of deep infection.But the optimal time to remove drains is controversial.The usual time to remove drains is 48~72 h after operation when the volume of drains is less than 50ml within 24 h.But some scholars find that the time of draining more than 24 h increases the risk of wound infection.This paper reviews the literature of draining time,and concludes that the optimal time to remove drains is 24 h after the primary arthroplasty.


We have studied photodynamic action of He-Ne laser radiation on cultures of Staphylococcus (strain 209 P), Streptococcus anhaemolyticus, and total microflora of dental deposit been sensitized by methylene blue. The concentration of the dye was varied from 0.001% to 0.1%, radiation power density was 100 mW/cm2. Irradiated strain was put into thermostat for 24 hours, then the number of colonies was counted and analyzed.


Chronic discogenic back pain is associated with increased inflammatory cytokine levels that can influence the proximal peripheral nervous system, namely the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). However, transition to chronic pain is widely thought to involve glial activation in the spinal cord. In this study, an in vitro model was used to evaluate the communication between DRG and spinal cord glia. Primary neonatal rat DRG cells were treated with/without inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). The conditioned media were collected at two time points (12 and 24 h) and applied to spinal cord mixed glial culture (MGC) for 24 h. Adult bovine DRG and spinal cord cell cultures were also tested, as an alternative large animal model, and results were compared with the neonatal rat findings. Compared with untreated DRG-conditioned medium, the second cytokine-treated DRG-conditioned medium (following medium change, thus containing solely DRG-derived molecules) elevated CD11b expression and calcium signal in neonatal rat microglia and enhanced Iba1 expression in adult bovine microglia. Cytokine treatment induced a DRG-mediated microgliosis. The described in vitro model allows the use of cells from large species and may represent an alternative to animal pain models (3R principles).


Background: - Increased Body mass index is a known risk factor in development of chronic venous insufficiency. Gold standard treatment for chronic venous insufficiency is Endovenous Laser ablation but still failures in the treatment are seen. Laser Energy used in the EVLT is calculated depending upon the diameter. But if we come to know about the variation in the diameter which is due to body mass index, then the laser energy may be calculated taking into consideration BMI along with the diameter.
Aims: - In this study we want to know the variation in saphenous venous diameter due to body mass index in chronic venous insufficiency patients of rural Wardha.
Method: A cross sectional type of observational study was done on 57 patients with CVI with incompetent sapheno-femoral junction. Height and weight of the patient was measured and BMI was calculated as wt/ht2. The diameter of the great saphenous vein was measured by B scanning USG and colour Doppler unit.
Results: Positive correlation was found by Pearson correlation test between BMI (mean=21.31kg/mt2) and saphenous venous diameter in supine position (mean=4.7mm). 20% variation observed in diameter in supine is due to the increased BMI. By linear regression analysis, standardized coefficient was found to be BMI=0.447 DS (t=3.705, P<0.01). Positive correlation was found between BMI (mean=21.31kg/mt2) and saphenous venous diameter on Valsalva maneuver (mean=8.2mm). 9.5% variation observed in diameter on Valsalva maneuver is due to the Body mass index. Standardized coefficient was found to be "BMI=0.308 DV" (t=2.402, P<0.01).
Conclusion: We showed that BMI is responsible for 20% increase in saphenous venous diameter in supine position and 9.5% increase in saphenous venous diameter on Valsalva maneuver in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.


Histone N-terminal tails and their post-translational modifications affect various biological processes, often in a context-specific manner; the underlying mechanisms are poorly studied. Here, the role of individual N-terminal tails of histones H2A/H2B during transcription through chromatin was analyzed in vitro. spFRET data suggest that the tail of histone H2B (but not of histone H2A) affects nucleosome stability. Accordingly, deletion of the H2B tail (amino acids 1–31, but not 1–26) causes a partial relief of the nucleosomal barrier to transcribing RNA polymerase II (Pol II), likely facilitating uncoiling of DNA from the histone octamer during transcription. Taken together, the data suggest that residues 27–31 of histone H2B stabilize DNA–histone interactions at the DNA region localized ~25 bp in the nucleosome and thus interfere with Pol II progression through the region localized 11–15 bp in the nucleosome. This function of histone H2B requires the presence of the histone H2A N-tail that mediates formation of nucleosome–nucleosome dimers; however, nucleosome dimerization per se plays only a minimal role during transcription. Histone chaperone FACT facilitates transcription through all analyzed nucleosome variants, suggesting that H2A/H2B tails minimally interact with FACT during transcription; therefore, an alternative FACT-interacting domain(s) is likely involved in this process.


The effects of metabolic inhibitors on ATP levels and on 45Ca fluxes were studied in desheathed tibial nerves of Rana pipiens. ATP levels were significantly reduced and Ca influx and efflux increased following exposure to cyanide, mersalyl, azide, dinitrophenol, iodoacetate or ethacrynic acid. The efflux changes were relatively small compared to squid axons but are not attributable to depolarization of the cell or to changes in the transmembrane Na gradient. The magnitude of the effluxes are consistent with ideas about the amount of labile Ca sequestered in energy-dependent Ca pools. The efflux stimulated by metabolic inhibitors is reduced by removing extracellular Na or Ca, indicating that a large portion of Ca efflux in the poisoned state is mediated by Na-Ca countertransport. In the nominal absence of both these cations Ca efflux can be stimulated by metabolic inhibitors, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to countertransport participate in Ca efflux.


ABSTRACT. Frontenac Provincial Park is located on the Frontenac Axis, a southern extension of the Canadian Shield, linking Algonquin Park to the Adirondack Mountains. To better understand the lichen biota of this interesting ecosystem, an inventory was conducted during several field visits from 2016–2019. During these surveys, 280 species of lichens and allied fungi in 115 genera were discovered. Presented is the first published record of Lempholemma cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. in Canada, as well as the first published discoveries of Cladonia petrophila R. C. Harris, Coccocarpia palmicola (Spreng.) Arv. & D. J. Galloway, and Leprocaulon adhaerens (K. Knudsen, Elix & Lendemer) Lendemer & B. P. Hodk. in Ontario. Sixteen species are provincially ranked as critically imperilled (S1, S1S2 or S1S3), sixteen species as imperilled (S2 or S2S3), and nineteen species as vulnerable (S3 or S3S4). Unranked species reported for the second time in Canada are Dermatocarpon muhlenbergii (Ach.) Müll. Arg. and Cladonia atlantica A. Evans. An undescribed species of Lempholemma growing on flooded deciduous tree bases in vernal pools was also discovered. A discussion of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., a pollution and habitat disturbance sensitive species, is presented. The records of L. pulmonaria discovered in Frontenac quite possibly represent the most southern observations in the province and are of conservation concern. It is recommended that a lichen awareness and education program be created for the park staff and visitors to highlight these rare and sensitive lichens and habitats within the park in the hope that lichens are protected through appropriate management and planning.


This issue of the BARS Review is dedicated to the memory of an eminent scholar of Romanticism, Michael O'Neill. Until his death on 21 December 2018, Michael O'Neill was Professor of English at Durham University, where he taught for nearly forty years. During that time he served for two three-year periods as Head of Department and as Director of the University's Institute of Advanced Study. His research concentrated on questions of literary achievement and on literary dialogue and influence. These research interests are the preserve of his most recent monograph, Shelleyan Reimaginings & Influence: New Relations (published posthumously by Oxford University Press in March 2019). He published widely on Romantic Poetry, especially the poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and on an array of Victorian and twentieth- and twenty-first-century poets. He co-founded and edited Poetry Durham from 1982 to 1994. He received many awards for his criticism and poetry, including a Distinguished Scholar Award from the Keats-Shelley Association of American for 2018, an Eric Gregory Award in 1983, and a Cholmondeley Award from the Society of Authors in 1990. His most recent collections of poems include Return of the Gift (Arc, 2018) and Crash & Burn (Arc, 2019). Michael's loss as a colleague, academic, and poet is only equalled by his loss as a friend.


A formalism has been developed in terms of a drift kinetic equation with a Fokker-Planck collision operator to calculate alpha-particle loss and energy-deposition-rate coefficients for one position in space and for steady-state operating conditions in an ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) reactor. Pitch-angle and energy-scattering terms were retained in the collision term so that the analysis provides information on alpha-particle behavior due to pitch-angle scattering into loss regions in velocity space and information on alpha energy deposition during slowing down in the device. A square-well magnetic-field shape is assumed and the resulting particle loss rates and energy-deposition rates are calculated. For typical EBT reactor parameters, results show that while 80 to 90% of the alpha particles are scattered into a pitch-angle loss region and lost from the device, more than 70% of the alpha-particle energy is deposited in the core plasma and about 1 to 2% goes to alphas retained in the plasma as ash. Parametric studies are performed, and the sensitivity to plasma potential, the pitch angle, the width of loss regions, and computational procedures are analyzed.


In this work, direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations governing incom- pressible fluid flow has been employed to analyze the various flow topologies observed in a two-dimensional fluidic oscillator at the very low Reynolds's regime (Re ∈ [25,100]), in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which oscillation begins. The main goal is to find and classify the characteristics and properties of the jet at the oscillator outlet. The study has been carried out using software based on spectral elements. The geometry being fixed and the flow incompressible, the Reynolds's number is the only independent parameter. The increasingly complex flow solutions obtained as the Reynolds is increased have been studied in the light of dynamical systems and bifurcation theory to explain complex phenomena such as hysteresis or the advent of chaotic dynamics. An increasing Reynolds's number turns an initially stationary and reflection-symmetric jet into non-symmetric, then oscillatory periodic, period doubled and finally chaotic. Sta- tistical reflection-symmetry is recovered as temporal chaos develops into spatio-temporal chaos. A few well-known local bifurcations, and possibly some global bifurcation, are responsible for the transitions. Additionally, the flow topology of the jet issued from the oscillator exit into the discharge region has been investigated. The initiation of temporal dynamics is seen to result in vortex shedding, first periodic, then irregular, from the oscillator outlet diverter. Finally, a series of discussions on the obtained results will be included that will allow to finish defining all the elements that make up the study.


INTRODUCTION
The treatment of spinal nerve root cysts is not uniform. In the past decades, microsurgical resection to preserve nervous tissue has been reported. We report on our microsurgical method and present the clinical results in relation to surgical outcome.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who underwent surgical cyst closure from 2006 to 2010.

RESULTS
Twelve patients, all female, with a total of 23 cysts underwent surgery for 20 symptomatic cysts. The mean age was 45 (range 13-75) years. Following treatment with this procedure, 95% of the cysts were closed and 5% had notably diminished at post-operative magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical improvement was seen in 67% of the patients; one improved temporarily, two remained unchanged and one had worsened at the last follow-up. The mean post-operative follow-up period was 11 (range 3-19) months. Clinical outcome was associated with none of the pre-operative parameters, i.e. pain-provoking postural position, cyst size, number of treated cysts, educational level or pre-operative sick leave.

CONCLUSION
We find that our surgical technique is suit-able for closure of spinal nerve root cysts; however, the clinical outcome after surgery was sub-optimal according to preoperative clinical judgement. Consequently, we have established a dedicated outpatient clinic that performs extensive pre-operative assessment and investigation of patients with symptomatic spinal nerve root cysts. We hereby hope to improve surgical outcome in the future.


In the following paragraphs I would like to highlight the impact of globalization on cultural pluralism and then the issue of how the resulting cultural pluralism might in turn impact the future pattern of the world order. The thrust of my theme is on emphasising the need to better understand the meaning and implications of the changing face of cultural pluralism for our contemporary world. It is also to suggest what we need to do to effectively confront the major challenges posed by the cultural pluralism landscape of our early twenty-first century. In hammering home my points I will take Malaysia as an example, which itself was created out of the cultural pluralism unleashed by the European wave of globalisation during the colonial era. Malaysia is today a Muslim-majority country with a large non-Muslim population thanks largely to what I have termed as demographic globalisation. With all the major religions of the world each having a good number of followers in the country Malaysia is truly a multi-religious society. It is also a good example of a truly multi-ethnic country boasting of dozens of ethnic groups. For more than 50 years now Malaysia has been struggling to create a pluralistic and yet united modern nation out of its ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Its successes and failures are all there for everyone to see.


Abstract The article identifies and describes conversational practices used by persons with dementia and their interlocutors to account for the former's lack of knowledge in cases where information about their personal experiences is made relevant and expectable at a specific point in a conversation. First, they may seek to normalize the lack of knowledge by claiming that it would be difficult for anyone to know or remember the information in question. Second, they may exceptionalize it by claiming that their cognitive or communicative impairment incidentally and temporarily disables them from accessing the information. Finally, they may justify their failure to provide information by claiming that it is not important, relevant or expectable that they should know. Such accounts dissociate the social character from the forgetfulness and thus constitute an attempt to avoid the loss of face associated with not remembering personal experiences. By specifying these conversational accounting practices, the study thus adds to existing knowledge on how participants handle the social sensitivity of typical dementia symptoms.


We investigate the career dynamics of high-tech entrepreneurs by analyzing the exit choice of entrepreneurs: to found another firm, to become dependently employed, or to act as a business angel. Our detailed data resting on the CrunchBase online database indicate that founders stick with entrepreneurship as a serial entrepreneur or as an angel investor only in cases where the founder (1) had experience either in founding other startups or working for a startup, (2) had a 'jack-of-all-trades' education, or (3) achieved substantial financial success upon a venture capital exit transaction.


Data from a longitudinal study of male and female youth were used to examine the association between cumulative levels of delinquency and drug use from early adolescence to young adulthood. Results from a principal components analysis indicated that delinquency and drug use represent two distinct dimensions of problem behavior. Subjects were categorized into four groups based on their cumulative levels of drug use and delinquency over a nine-year period. Group differences in the reactive coping use of problem behaviors, in psychological problems, and in personality traits were assessed. Results indicate that subjects who are high in both drug use and delinquency have significantly higher levels of mental health problems than all other subjects. Overall, the findings support the notion that the expression of deviance is not necessarily undifferentiated. Instead, different individuals may specialize in different forms of deviance.


An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) used in a superovulation program on numbers of corpora lutea, total ova/embryos and transferable embryos in Kamphaeng Saen beef cattle. Cyclic cows (n=3) and heifers (n=3) of Kamphaeng Saen beef breed were assigned to two levels of FSH (200 and 250 mg. NIH-FSH-P1) in Crossover Design by which two changes over treatments were studied over two periods in all animals. Cows and heifers were estrous synchronized by Cloprostenol (500 µg). Estrus detection was performed by teaser bull (Day 0 = day of the onset of standing estrus). On day 9 after the onset of standing estrus, all animals were treated with FSH twice daily in decreasing doses over 4 days. On day 3 of FSH injection, each animal was treated with Cloprostenol (500 µg). At the first standing estrus, all animals were artificially inseminated three times at 12 h intervals. Two straws of frozenthawed semen of Kamphaeng Saen bull were used per insemination. All animals were treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (10 µg of Buserelin) at first insemination. Numbers of corpora lutea were determined by rectal palpation and embryos were flushed seven days after the onset of standing estrus and classified according to the development stage and quality. The results showed that numbers of corpora lutea, percentages of total ova/embryos and percentages of transferable embryos were not significantly different (P>0.05) between treatments (FSH: 200 versus 250 mg) in either cows or heifers.


We studied compact printed arrays built with sinusoidal monopoles. The antennas were designed at 2-3 GHz according to the size and bandwidth constraints of broadband sensor networks. Their performance was characterized in terms of VSWR bandwidth, broadband radiation efficiency, mutual coupling and broadband envelope correlation. Results show that densely-packed compact arrays feature controllable element detuning, whereas envelope correlation stays below 0.5 even for lambda 0/10 spacing. Finally, if coupling and correlation suppression is needed, we describe a simple yet effective technique that offers multi-decibel gains. It is based on disturbance of the ground currents by insertion of a defect.


Over the last years, a paradigm shift has occurred from approaching viruses solely as disease‐bringing agents toward regarding them as functional nanoparticles, and a perfect example of Nature's capability to self‐assemble complex, multicomponent materials at the nanoscale. Viruses are now used as templates for constructing specific nanocontainers, either by changing the properties of the viruses themselves or by copying their compact, shelled structure into engineered materials, which are able to encapsulate various agents. To exploit the mechanisms used by nature to create functional nanocontainers, we need to understand what their material and biomechanical properties are. Nanoindentation, a technique based on atomic force microscopy, is perfectly suited to determine these characteristics. Here, we discuss the advances this research field has achieved, exploring prokaryotic (bacteriophages) as well as eukaryotic viruses. The material properties of viral shells (capsids) and of more complex viral assemblies are analyzed and compared. We discuss the Young's modulus of capsids, the maximal forces viruses can withstand, and explore the occurrence of material fatigue in nanosize objects. Finally, the impact of internalized materials and of specific alterations to the capsid proteins on the particle's mechanical strength is analyzed.


Market efficiency has become an important research since the emergence of efficient market hypothesis by Fama in 1970. Indonesia researchers has done so many research in accordance of market efficiency, but almost all of them are focused on long term efficiencies and not many of them are try to determine the factors or variable that has the most impact on market efficiency in Indonesia. Different from research that had been conducted in Indonesia, This research focused on short horizon interval and tries finding the determinant of short horizon return predictability which founded as the inverse indicator of market efficiency by Chordia in 2008 and developed by Chung and Hrazadil and other researcher in the following years. The objective of this research are to analyze the effects of Volume, Price, Volatility, Effective Spread, Price Impact to Short Horizon Return Predictability of Non-Financial Companies that listed in KOMPAS100 index on October 2017-March 2018.
The population of this study were 64 Non-Financial companies which actively traded and listed in KOMPAS100 Index Indonesia. This research also used the Historical Intraday Trading data from Bloomberg over the period of October 2017- March 2018. Intraday data will provide more specific and accurate information to give a specific result. This research used the multiple linear regression in order to determine the variable which has the most affect on Short Horizon Return Predictability.
The result of this research showed us some various result, from proving that the determinant factors used in this research had influence on Non-Financial Companies Short Horizon Return Predictability. But there is a factor that was not in accordance with the hypothesis that had been made. This research also find that Price Impact is the most determining variable or factors that affects Short-Horizon Return Predictability of Non-Financial Companies in Indonesia.


Oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins and tissue lipids has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We examined human atherosclerotic lesions of various stages from fifteen victims of acute heart failure and detected substantial amounts of oxygenated fatty acids in the tissue ester lipids. The degree of lipid oxygenation correlated with the stage of advancement of the lesion. More than 85% of the oxygenated fatty acids were localized in the cholesterol esters, whereas phospholipids contained only small amounts. Structure elucidation of the oxygenation products indicated a nonspecific product pattern of various isomers of keto- and hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid. The data presented suggest an involvement of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and indicate that the majority of the oxygenation products are formed via nonspecific, non-enzymatic reactions possibly initiated by the action of a 15-lipoxygenase.


In this dissertation I argue that Wittgenstein's discussions of simple forms of intelligent behaviour such as reading or sign-following provide the basis for a novel response to the question 'what is it to act for a reason?'. Responses to this question in the contemporary literature focus on explanations of action, and aim to show in general and abstract terms why we count what is represented by such explanations as instances of 'acting for a reason'. Building on ideas from the Philosophical Investigations, I show why accounts that take this form must fail in their attempts to explain what it is to act for a reason. In place of their abstract and top-down approach, I argue that we must begin by showing why we count particular and concrete examples of intelligent behaviour such as those described above as instances of 'acting for a reason'. Focus on these cases also helps show that—contrary to some contemporary criticisms of his work—Wittgenstein gives us the resources to understand how explanations that represent our reasons for action are related to explanations that represent the causes of our action.


Artificial intelligence (AI)-aided decision support has developed rapidly to meet the needs for effective analysis of substantial data sets from electronic medical records and medical images generated daily, and computer-assisted intelligent drug design. In clinical practice, paediatricians make medical decisions after obtaining a large amount of information about symptoms, physical examinations, laboratory test indicators, special examinations and treatments. This information is used in combination with paediatricians' knowledge and experience to form the basis of clinical decisions. This diagnosis and therapeutic strategy development based on large amounts of information storage can be applied to both large clinical databases and data for individual patients. To date, AI applications have been of great value in intelligent diagnosis and treatment, intelligent image recognition, research and development of intelligent drugs and intelligent health management. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the research and clinical use of AI in paediatrics.


This paper presents an implementation of a 3layer transmitter and receiver using Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM), in Software Defined Radio (SDR). The main idea of this work is to show another point of view of the traditional LDM technique that uses two layers. This proposal uses an attenuated intermediate layer, called Middle Layer (ML), between the highest power layer, called Upper Layer (UL), and the most attenuated layer, called Lower Layer (LL). The UL is fully compatible with the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial Version B (ISDBTB). The ML, with greater robustness, and LL, with higher capacity, use powerful channel coders, a custom frame size and an adapted bit interleaver. With the use of this modified LDM, it is possible to develop a system with different robustness levels between layers and with lower layers that complement each other, to achieve bit rates that allow for the deployment of High Definition Television (HDTV), in the UL, and Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV), in the ML and LL. In addition, a system was also implemented with three layers, but with the ML with higher capacity and the LL with greater robustness. The performance of the 3-layer system was compared with the 2-layer LDM technique and there was an improvement in the system modularity, without a decrease in the bit rate.


Klaten Regency is located between big tourism cities, such as Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Klaten has its own potential of tourism and creative industries. At the other hand, the facility to support the development of creative industries in Klaten is not sufficient.  The purpose of this design is to build a building that have complete facilities for creative industries sectors such as culinary, craft, fashion, music and performing art and not just for selling the products to costumer but also for the developing local creative micro to middle scope businessman in Klaten too, then the product could be developed dan known in national and international range. Using metaphor from one of the best and unique product of Klaten and response of the condition around the site would be a representation of iconic shape of Klaten Regency that would give a synergic interaction and could give a good response with the condition around the site. Keywords : Architecture,  Festival marketplace, Creative industry, Metaphor


There has been a substantial increase in the number of candidates enrolled in PhD programmes in the past decade. Whereas the literature is relatively informative with its advice to candidates and supervisors, there is little evidence of research related to supervisory styles and changes of style over the supervisory period. This paper attempts to close that research gap by examining 60 items from the literature related to PhD completion. Eighty key variables identified from the literature were used to build a four‐quadrant supervisory style management grid based on the Blake and Moulton Managerial Grid model. The grid was subjected to a verification study through the results obtained from 12 in‐depth interviews with supervisors. Further, a hypothetical model was developed to examine changes in supervisory style over time, along with the managerial implications for supervisors. The study was taken within an Australian context using the European style of PhD structural practices which do not necessarily reflect the contemporary American model. The study has significant implications for alternative dissertation completion approaches where high levels of supervision are required.


Abstract We compared the stratigraphic formations along the southern margin of the Black Sea using 196 nannoplankton ages determined in the Western and Central Pontides and 112 new samples from the Eastern Pontides. We inferred that the İstanbul and Sakarya zones were amalgamated prior to the Early Cretaceous. Extensional subsidence migrated eastwards along the Pontides from the Barremian to the Paleocene. The eastwards younging of the Cretaceous magmatism suggested that the eastern Black Sea Basin is younger. Locally, angular unconformities and a stratigraphic gap testify to the Late Albian uplift of the Central Pontides as a consequence of the collision of an oceanic edifice. Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds are marker beds of Santonian age along the much of the Pontides and are of mainly Campanian age within the Eastern Pontides. The Middle Campanian–Paleocene was a non-volcanic period characterized by extensional subsidence mainly along the eastern Black Sea Basin. The end of Cretaceous volcanism can be correlated with a southwards subduction jump. Syn-compressional basins show that contraction started during the Ypresian along the entire Pontide belt. Eocene volcanism started earlier in the north (Lutetian) than in the south (Bartonian) of the Eastern Pontides. This propagation of syn-collisional volcanism could have resulted from slab steepening under the Eastern Pontides.


Background: Radiotherapy of skin cancer in a previously irradiated area is a challenging task with regard to cumulative total dose and consecutive normal tissue toxicity. Methods of biological response monitoring might be helpful in achieving a favorable therapeutic ratio. Patient and Methods: We report the case of a 77-year-old patient with squamous cell skin carcinoma originating within a previous radiotherapy field. Initially, the patient refused surgical resection. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-Dglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was performed before reirradiation and after 44 Gy. Results: FDG-PET showed no change in the standardized uptake value, i.e. no metabolic response. Clinically, the tumor failed to shrink after radiotherapy with a total dose of 64 Gy and progressed rapidly within the first 8 weeks of follow-up. Confirmatory biopsies were obtained and salvage surgery attempted. Conclusion: In this case, FDG-PET after 44 Gy correctly identified a non-responding patient with squamous cell skin cancer. Thus, further assessment of this method for response evaluation and treatment optimization appears warranted.


Classical algebraic geometry is the study of curves, surfaces, and other varieties defined as the zero set of polynomial equations. Tropical geometry is a branch of algebraic geometry based on the tropical semiring with operations minimization and addition. We introduce the notions of projective space and tropical projective space, which are well-suited for answering enumerative questions, like ours. We attempt to describe the set of tropical lines contained in a tropical quadric surface in TP3. Analogies with the classical problem and computational techniques based on the idea of a tropical parameterization suggest that the answer is the union of two disjoint conics in TP5.


In this paper, BiOI hierarchical nanoflowers (BiOI-F) were developed as a highly efficient biomimetic catalyst for the first time and used to detect H2O2. BiOI-F could be synthesized through a facile one-pot coprecipitation method, and some other BiOI samples with different morphologies were also prepared as controls. The crystal growth and morphology transition mechanism of BiOI samples was proposed, which were responsible for the distinct peroxidase-like activities. BiOI-F was demonstrated to exhibit the best intrinsic peroxidase-like activity compared to other BiOI samples due to its negative potential, large BET specific surface area, the exposed (001) facets, and the oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice, which could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 to produce a blue oxide. In view of the excellent peroxidase mimetic catalytic activity of BiOI-F, a sensitive and convenient novel platform for colorimetric detection of H2O2 was successfully established, and the detection limit of H2O2 was as low as 0.05 μM. Moreover, the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of BiOI-F was proposed according to the crystal growth mechanism, surface property characterizations and active species trapping tests. In addition, the BiOI-F-based assay system displayed excellent selectivity, practicability, long-term stability, reproducibility, and reusability. This work not only develops a novel, simple and highly sensitive BiOI-F-based visual system for the detection of H2O2, but also provides some new insights into seeking for novel enzyme mimetics with enhanced catalytic activities, which have great prospects in practical applications for H2O2 detection and biomedical analysis.


Few studies have explored colloquial Indonesian in the media outside of Jakarta. This article examines language policies at two youth radio stations in Malang, East Java, as well as the perceptions of these policies by targeted audiences. Results show that notions of the 'authentic' Indonesian speaker and the 'appropriate' use of Indonesian come to the fore in the design of Indonesian radio language. Radio station staff and audiences agree that it is neither authentic nor appropriate to speak Indonesian with a Javanese accent in radio broadcasts or in the community. Beyond this point, however, the two radio stations differ in what they consider to be authentic or appropriate in Indonesian radio broadcasts. These differences, I argue, hint at tensions between Jakartan and Javanese linguistic practices in the Malang community. However, audience members indicate they strategically manage these tensions through the authentic use of language in the appropriate context. Thus, I argue that rather than representing differing views of the authentic Indonesian speaker, the radio stations' approaches reflect the varied and fluid senses of self in post-Reform Indonesia.


Air-operated valve (AOV) is widely used to control the flow and pressure of piping system for various industrial fields. For the flow interruption as a major function of AOV, the AOV is operated by using the air pressure against the stem and plug weight, the packing and seal friction force, the differential pressure force and so on. To evaluate the operability of AOV, the functional test is generally performed by using the test facility. However, the test conditions applying to the test valve have some limitations with the specification of test facility. Although the analytical method is proposed and used to evaluate the operability, it is not easy to know the required stem thrust considering the differential pressure force acting on the plug. In the present study, the fluid flow inside a valve was numerically investigated to obtain the stem thrust required for the operation of valve. As a test valve focused in the present study, the cage-guide globe valve with the balanced plug was selected with the air-operated actuator. For the computational domain, the geometry of valve was modeled with the extension of piping system from the inlet and outlet of valve. The flow and pressure conditions of piping system were applied to the inflow and outflow boundary faces of computational domain. With the operation of actuator, the motion of plug and stem was considered by using the morphing technique for the re-meshing of modified computational domain. These numerical methodologies were verified by comparing the numerical results of flow rate for various positions of plug with the experimental data. From the results, the maximum differential pressure force acting on the plug was observed in the beginning of the movement of plug from the seat and the end of the movement of plug to the seat, and the differential pressure force linearly increased with the increase of operating pressure of piping system. With the differential pressure force for various positions of plug, the required stem thrust was obtained to evaluate the operability of valve. The present results can be useful to evaluate the operability of valve to interrupt the flow through the piping system.


Abstract Purpose: Individual job performance is an important phenomenon for organizations but is difficult to measure and often with restricted diagnoses. The aim of this study was to present a set of general indicators of individual performance at work that contemplate different dimensions of this construct to support a personalized measurement and a comprehensive diagnosis. Originality/value: It presents a set of items, composed of eight behavioral categories, that allows for a comprehensive approach to work performance and a personalized way of measuring it in different professional areas and roles. Design/methodology/approach: This work followed a theoretical stage and an empirical one. In the former one, the theoretical model was chosen, the construct was operationalized, and job performance scales' items were selected. In the empirical stage, the items were classified, selected, and adapted according to the dimensions of the chosen theoretical model, based on judges' analyses (n = 16), expert panel (n = 6), and semantic validation by professionals (n = 9). Findings: The study generated 56 items for measuring job performance, divided into eight dimensions, according to the theoretical model adopted. Its use will allow a careful measurement of performance, with comprehensive diagnostics on the topic. Additionally, the findings allow academics and managers to raise the level of the debate about the construct to favor theoretical and methodological advances in the area.


Abstract In contrast to the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous ammonite faunas of the Spiti Shales in the Tethyan Himalaya—which were early recognized to be closely akin to Indo-West Pacific faunas of south-eastern Tethys—the scarce Middle Jurassic subjacent faunas were previously identified with mostly European or late Jurassic taxa. Current revision of all known Middle Jurassic ammonites from Tibet, however, indicates that Bajocian and Callovian ammonites of the Tethyan Himalaya are closely affiliated to, firstly, northern (and western) Australasia, and secondly, to western India, Madagascar and Kenya, i.e. they belonged to the ecotone of Himalayan and Ethiopian provinces (or subprovinces of the Indo-West Pacific province). In contrast, the few species known from the Lhasa block of South Tibet and the Qamdo block of North Tibet appear to be typically western Eurasian. This supports current plate-tectonic theory, which holds that the Jurassic location of the Qamdo and Lhasa terranes was, respectively, at and in proximity to Eurasia, while the Tethyan Himalaya belonged to the Indian Shield, then at the northern margin of Gondwana.


Since late 2019, a novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. As a result, businesses were forced to send their workforce into remote working, wherever possible. While research in this area has seen an increase in studying and developing technologies that allow and support such remote working style, not every sector is currently prepared for such a transition. Especially the manufacturing sector has faced challenges in this regard. In this paper, the mental workload of two groups of participants is studied during a human-robot interaction task. Participants were asked to bring a robotised cell used in a dispensing task to full production by tuning system parameters. After the experiment, a self-assessment of the participants' perceived mental workload using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was used. The results show that remote participants tend to have lower perceived workload compared to the local participants.


V. C., male, aged 18. History.-Dimness of sight of left eye (five weeks). Acne vulgaris of face and chest (one year). One lower molar tooth carious (about six months). SachsGeorgi reaction negative. Left vision with + O-5D. cyl. 60° = partly. Left eye: Patch of active choroido-retinitis about 3 disc diameters down and in from O.D. Cultures of pustules on cheek and neck yield pure growth of Staphylococcus albus. Treatrnent.-Extraction of carious tooth.


Aim: Lung cancer has a very high incidence rate, and thus, there is an urgent need for novel and effective therapies. Materials & methods: In this study, we proposed a potential treatment option by combining four natural products in liposome systems. Results: In vitro studies indicated that the combination of betulinic acid, parthenolide, honokiol and ginsenoside Rh2 exhibited a synergistic action. When these four natural products were loaded into liposome systems, we observed an increased effect. The relative action was also observed in vivo. The cisplatin group presented obvious kidney damage, whereas both cocktail therapy and cocktail liposome therapy were safer. Conclusion: Therefore, we propose cocktail liposome systems may provide a more efficient and safer treatment for lung cancer.


Background/introduction Gonorrhoea is a public health problem due to rising incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Health education is a proven health intervention. Planning interventions requires understanding of views of target groups. Aim(s)/objectives Describe subjective knowledge of gonorrhoea and preferred methods of health education in individuals presenting with gonorrhoea. Identify differences across specified age groups and sexual orientation. Methods A prospective study recruited 121 individuals with gonorrhoea. Participants completed a questionnaire. Data from questionnaires were anonymised and analysed. Results Demographic aspects of this study are presented in a separate abstract. Subjective knowledge about gonorrhoea increases with age and is similar in MSM and heterosexuals. Popularity of mobile Apps decreases with age; 43.8% of 18–24 year olds, compared with 25% of over 44 year olds, regard them as beneficial educational tools. 64%, regardless of age or orientation, favour websites as the educational tool for the public. MSM prefer information on posters in social venues (50.7% vs 27.3% in heterosexuals) or by face-to-face interactions with healthcare workers (52.2% vs 23.3% in heterosexuals). Heterosexuals favoured more information in schools compared to MSM (50% vs 33%). Discussion/conclusion Web-based information was the preferred education method across age groups and sexualities. Posters in bars and clubs would be a good way to target MSM especially as these venues have already been identified as high risk venues associated with GC infection. Future mobile App development should target 18–24 yr olds.


Modern day industries are highly focused on the development of bio-inspired hybrid natural fiber composites for lightweight biosensor chips, automobile, and microfluidic applications. In the present research, the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of alkaline (NaOH)-treated hemp, flax, noil hemp, and noil flax fiber-reinforced ecopoxy biocomposites were investigated. The samples were fabricated by employing the hand layup technique followed by the compression molding process. A total of two sets of composites with various weight fractions were fabricated. The samples were tested for mechanical properties such as flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, moisture absorption, and contact angle measurement. The treated fibers were analyzed by using an optical microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The morphological characteristics, such as porosity and fracture mechanisms, were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and SEM−EDX spectroscopy. The results revealed that the flexural properties of hybrid composites vary from 22.62 MPa to 30.04 MPa for hemp and flax fibers and 21.86 MPa to 24.70 MPa for noil fibers, whereas in individual fiber composites, the strength varies from 17.11 MPa to 21.54 MPa for hemp and flax fibers and 15.83 MPa to 18.79 MPa for noil fibers. A similar trend was observed in interlaminar shear properties in both cases. From moisture analysis, the rate of absorption is increased with time up to 144 h and remains constant in both cases. The moisture gain was observed more in individual composites than hybrid composites in both cases. Hence, the impact of hybridization was observed clearly in both cases. Also, hybrid composites showed improved properties compared to individual fiber composites.


To investigate the effect of continual pre-plant application of liquid pig manure (LPM) on malting barley growth, quality and soil environment in double cropping system of rice and malting barley, the liquid pig manure was applied after harvesting rice and malting barley for 3 years. Field experiment was designed with non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (CF) recommended by soil testing, rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (CF 100%), rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (LPM 50%+CF 50%), rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) and rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%). By continuous application of LPM 100%, the contents of available and exchangeable K in the soil were increased. The available increased from 243 to 350 mg and exchangeable K was changed 0.31 to 0.44 . However, the contents of available and exchangeable K were not significant changes in rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (LPM 50%+CF 50%) plot. Bulk density of soil was not affected by application of LPM. The microbial density was high in order of bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi. The population of aerobic bacteria in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot was higher than other plots. The ratio of aerobic bacteria/fungi and biomass C content were the highest in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot. The yield of malting barley was increased 22% by increasing culm length, panicle length, No. of panicle and 1,000 grains as 358 kg in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot compared with 294 kg in rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot. The content of -glucan was low by 4.5 and 4.4% in non-fertilizer and rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot, respectively. The content of crude protein was the lowest by 8.2% in non-fertilizer and rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot and the quality of malting barley was good as within 11%.


China's rural-urban migrants have been the engine room that has driven China's high rate of economic growth; however, their living and working conditions are poor. This paper addresses the question: What keeps China's migrant workers going? We seek to answer this question through examining the determinants of the happiness of China's rural-urban migrants, drawing on a large-scale survey administered across 12 cities in 2005. We find that expectations as to future income are important determinants of happiness. This suggests that many migrants expect their financial position and, by extension, their lives more generally to get better in the future and that this is having a positive effect on their current levels of happiness. The effect of optimistic expectations outstrips any realistic increase in their own income. We find that for those who expect a big increase in income over the next five years, this translates to an increase of 380% in average monthly income and for those who expect a small increase in income over the next five years, this translates to an increase of 200% in average monthly income to obtain an equivalent increase in happiness compared with those who expect no change in income. This finding has important implications for economic growth and socio-economic stability in China, given that maintaining socio-economic stability is important to maintain China's high rate of economic growth and positive expectations about future income are important for maintaining socio-economic stability during times of economic transition.


No two battery cells can be identical. Charging/discharging a battery pack without monitoring cell voltages or SoC (State-ofCharge) will cause cell voltages to deviate over time and the packs useable capacity to decrease quickly. To redistribute charge uniformly among cells, various cell balancing methods have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a cell balancing method based on a single switched-capacitor is presented from a brand new perspective. Unlike the traditional balancing methods that rely on the voltage divergence criterion, this paper uses the SoC divergence criterion to shuttle charge from a highly charged cell to a poorly charged cell. Moreover, an equivalent resistance of the single-switched capacitor topology is derived in steady state. For fast cell balancing, design guidelines are provided for selecting a proper switching-time period and the capacitor parameters. Ultracapacitors are recommended to achieve this goal. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerous simulations are performed on a string of five series connected Lithium-ion cells that have different initial SoCs and electrochemical parameters. Finally, the simulation results are compared with that of a traditional balancing method.


The evidence for the integration of the submandibular gland (SMG) into the neuroimmunoregulatory network is reviewed. In laboratory rodents, factors extracted from the SMG were shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation, to affect the weight of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes and to induce immunosuppression in several in vivo and in vitro models. The SMG produces significant amount of nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β, and kallikreins. These factors are secreted into the saliva and affect immune and mucosal tissues and nerve endings in the gastrointestinal tract. They may thus play a role in the regulation of mucosal immune/inflammatory responses. The major salivary glands also produce antimicrobial proteins and secretory IgA antibodies which are essential factors in mucosal host defense. SMG-derived NGF, EGF and glandular kallikrein are delivered into the bloodstream where they may act as important systemic immunoregulators and exert regulatory influences on the neuroendocrine system. Growth hormone, prolactin, androgens, thyroid hormone and corticosteroids regulate protein synthesis in the SMG, where as secretory activity is regulated by sympathetic, parasympathetic and peptidergic nerve fibers. Steroid hormones and cytokines as interleukin-1α, -1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ have major regulatory influence on protein secretion, including the secretion of immunoglobulin into the saliva. The SMG interacts with the mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system, with the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the pituitary gland, and with peripheral endocrine organs. These interactions enable the SMG to exert regulatory influences on immune/inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract, in the lungs, and possibly elsewhere. It is suggested that these functions make this gland a key regulatory organ in the neuroimmunoregulatory network. Biomedical Reviews 1998; 9: 79-91.


Introduction: In the process of growing, adolescents experience stress and their coping abilities determine the outcome. School training further adds to this stressful situation. It is noteworthy that persistently high stress levels will impair students' academic achievement, personal and professional development. This article describes the prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Secondary school and participant selections were done via stratified random sampling with a sample size of 505 students. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Secondary School Stressors Questionnaire (3SQ) and Brief COPE inventory were self-administered to measure stress level, sources of stress and coping strategies respectively among the participants. Results: Out of 505 selected participants, 421 (83.36%) responded to this survey. This study found that the prevalence of distressed secondary school students was 32.8%. The major stressors for all types of schools were academic-related issues. This study showed that the students in technical school were more distressed than students elsewhere. Among the most frequent coping strategies used by the students were religion, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, active coping and planning. There were relationships between intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressor, academic achievements, level of school and academic related stressor, attention from parent, behavioral disengagement, self-blame and planning coping strategies with stress level of the students. Conclusion: This study found that there was a high prevalence of distressed negatively stressed secondary school students, the major stressors were related to academic and contributing factors of stress were related to school training, students and parents. Training students on positive coping strategies, reducing stressor-related school training, and improving parent and teacher supports to the students will help to improve this condition.


Fast-dissolving drug-delivery systems (FDDS) were first developed in the late 1970s as an alternative to tablets, capsules, and syrups for pediatric and geriatric patients who experience difficulties swallowing traditional oral solid dosage forms. Over the past three decades, fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance. FDTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. But in this, there are still some chances of chocking. So Oral dissolving film Technology (ODFTS) are another FDDS evolved over the past few years from the confection and oral care markets in the form of breath strips and became a novel and widely accepted form by consumers for delivering vitamins and personal care products. Itcan be administrated in the buccal cavity for a shorter period of time in Secs and gives better therapeutic action. OFDFs are very similar to postage stamp in their shape, size and thickness. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intragastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration and also has been used for local action. This type of technology offer a convenient way of dosing medication, not to special population groups like pediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients, mentally ill patients, but also to the general population.


OBJECTIVE
It is well known that local complications, such as avascular necrosis and arthrosis can develop after surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Thus far, systemic complications that may develop in such cases have not been identified in the literature. This study is the first case series to evaluate acute liver failure (ALF) development after DDH surgery in pediatric patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Six patients, five female and one male, who underwent DDH surgery were selected for this study. Perioperative fasting time, laboratory values, treatments, histopathological evaluations, and prognoses after ALF in these patients were evaluated retrospectively.

RESULTS
All the patients were administered paracetamol and sevoflurane in therapeutic doses. The patients were referred postoperatively to our pediatric emergency department after 5 ± 1.67 days (range = 3-7 days) on average. The average perioperative fasting time was 9.3 ± 0.82 hours (range = 8-10 hours). Due to the very high aminotransferases and use of paracetamol, intravenous N-acetylcysteine was administered alongside supportive treatments to all the patients. After liver transplantation, two of three patients with grade 3 encephalopathy, died in the early postoperative period. Histopathological evaluations of the three patients' explants were compatible with toxic hepatitis due to paracetamol.

CONCLUSIONS
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic after pediatric surgery. The therapeutic dose of paracetamol remains uncertain in children who have been fasting for a long time and have been exposed to hepatotoxic drugs due to previous surgery. In conclusion, caution should be exercised in the use of paracetamol in children with DDH who will undergo surgery, and careful perioperative clinical and laboratory monitoring for ALF is essential.


Abstract The cost of ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) used in community‐based management of acute malnutrition has been a major obstacle to the scale up of this important child survival strategy. The current standard recipe for RUTF [peanut‐based RUTF (P‐RUTF )] is made from peanut paste, milk powder, oil, sugar, and minerals and vitamins. Milk powder forms about 30% of the ingredients and may represent over half the cost of the final product. The quality of whey protein concentrates 34% (WPC34) is similar to that of dried skimmed milk (DSM) used in the standard recipe and can be 25–33% cheaper. This blinded, parallel group, randomised, controlled non‐inferiority clinical trial tested the effectiveness in treating severe acute malnutrition (SAM) of a new RUTF formulation WPC‐RUTF in which WPC34 was used to replace DSM. Average weight gain (non‐inferiority margin Δ = −1.2 g kg−1 day−1) and recovery rate (Δ = −10%) were the primary outcomes, and length of stay (LOS) was the secondary outcome (Δ = +14 days). Both per‐protocol (PP) and intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analyses showed that WPC‐RUTF was not inferior to P‐RUTF for recovery rate [difference and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.5% (95% CI –2.7, 3.7) in PP analysis and 0.6% (95% CI –5.2, 6.3) in ITT analysis] for average weight gain [0.2 (−0.5; 0.9) for both analyses] and LOS [−1.6 days (95% CI, −4.6, 1.4 days) in PP analysis and −1.9 days (95% CI, −4.6, 0.8 days) for ITT analysis]. In conclusion, whey protein‐based RUTF is an effective cheaper alternative to the standard milk‐based RUTF for the treatment of SAM.


Summary form only given. This paper presents original records of distributed generation unintentional islanding events in three categories. The islands were formed by naturally occurred faults without transfer trip initiated to generation facilities. Hydraulic, natural gas and wind generators were involved in the events. The records exemplify important issues in DG anti-islanding planning such as coordination with Under-Frequency (or Under-Voltage) Load-Shedding, reactive power compensation, generation-to-load ratio, reclosing coordination, etc. The events reported in this paper can serve as first-hand references in applying IEEE Standard 1547 to distributed generation anti-islanding planning and operation.


In the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), the gas flow around the main pressure limiting aperture establishes a density gradient through which the electron beam passes. Electron beam losses occur in this transition region and in the uniform gas layer above the specimen surface. In the oligo-scattering regime, the electron distribution consists of a widely scattered fraction of electrons surrounding an intact focussed probe. Secondary electrons are multiplied by means of gaseous ionization and detected both by the ionization current and the accompanying gaseous scintillation. The distribution of secondary electrons is governed by the applied external electric and magnetic fields and by electron diffusion in the gas. Backscattered electrons are detected both by means of the gaseous detection device and by solid scintillating detectors. Uncoated solid detectors offer the lowest signal-to-noise ratio especially under low beam accelerating voltages. The lowest pressure of operation with uncoated detectors has been expanded by the deliberate introduction of a gaseous discharge near the detector. Gaseous scintillation also offers the possibility of low noise detection and signal discrimination. The "absorbed specimen current" mode is re-examined in the conditions of ESEM. It is found that the current flowing through the specimen is not the contrast forming mechanism: it is all the electric carriers in motion that induce signals on the surrounding electrodes. The electric conductivity of the specimen may affect the contrast only indirectly, i.e., as a secondary, not a primary process. The ESEM can operate under any environment including high and low pressure, low or rough vacuum and high vacuum; it operates at both high and low beam accelerating voltage so that it may be considered as the universal instrument for virtually any application previously accessible or not to the conventional SEM.


An experimental pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is described. The pseudo-HBT is a homojunction bipolar transistor having a moderately doped emitter and a heavily doped base, providing a bandgap profile similar to those of actual HBTs. Analyses including real constraints, such as a heavily doped emitter region for ohmic contact and the profile tail in the base region, show a significant change in the way they affect injection characteristics between 300 and 77 K. Based on these analyses, an impurity profile is carefully designed for upward mode operation. The electron injection into the external base region. which is thought to be unfavorable for high current gain in the upward mode, is avoided by using the sidewall base-contact structure. The fabricated transistor clearly displays a negative temperature dependence on current gain. The current gain is 107 at 77 K, which is 5 times higher than the room-temperature current gain. In addition, current gain excluding the nonideal effects at 77 K is as high as 25,000. These results not only remove gain degradation at low temperatures, but also verify the pseudo-HBT concept, in which an injection efficiency as high as that of an HBT can be obtained using only homojunctions. Based on these results, the small emitter transit time inherent in pseudo-HBTs is analyzed. >