As a natural extension of a previous work, excess molar enthalpies and excess molar volumes as a function of composition in a wide range of temperatures have been obtained for binary mixtures of xenon with ethane, propane, and n-butane by Monte Carlo computer simulation. Xenon was modeled by a simple spherical Lennard-Jones potential, and the TraPPE-UA force field was used to describe the n-alkanes. One of the main goals of this study is to investigate the temperature dependence of the excess properties for mixtures of xenon and n-alkanes and, if possible, to supplement the lack of experimental data. For all three systems, the simulation results predicted excess volumes in good agreement with the experimental data. As for the excess enthalpies, in the case of (xenon + ethane), the simulation results confirm the negative experimental result and the weak temperature dependence. In the case of (xenon + propane) and (xenon + n-butane), however, the simulation predicts negative excess enthalpies, but those estimated from experimental data are positive. Both excess volumes and enthalpies display a complex dependence on temperature that in some aspects resembles that found for mixtures of n-alkanes.The structure of the liquid mixtures was also investigated by calculating radial distribution functions [g(αβ)(r)] between each pair of interaction groups for all the binary systems at all temperatures. It is found that the mean distance between xenon and CH(2) groups is systematically higher than the distance between xenon and CH(3). In addition, the number of groups around xenon in the first coordination sphere was calculated and seems to be proportionally more populated by methyl groups than by methylene groups. The results seem to reflect a preferential and stronger interaction between xenon and CH(3), in agreement with previous findings.


A 19-year-old primigravida was found to have an encephalocele on screening ultrasound study. Amniocentesis indicated cri du chat syndrome, 5p-. Although cri du chat syndrome has been noted in association with central nervous system malformations, encephalocele is a rare finding in this syndrome.


Nowadays companies look more and more for improving their efficiency to excel in the market. At the same time, the competition has moved from firm level to whole supply chain level. Supply chain are very complex systems and lacks of coordination among their members leads to inefficiency. Supply chain planning task is to improve coordination among supply chain members. Which is the best planning solution to improve efficiency is an open issue. On the other hand, Lean approach is becoming more and more popular among managers. Lean approach is recognize as efficiency engine for production systems, but effects of Lean implementation out of single firm boundaries is not clear. This paper aims at providing a theoretical and practical starting point for Lean implementation in supply chain planning issue. To reach it, a DES simulation model of a three-echelon and multi-product supply chain has been set. Lean management is a very broad topic and this paper focuses on two principles of "pull" and "create the flow". Kanban system and setup-time and batch-size reductions are implemented in the lean-configured supply chain to apply "pull" and "create the flow" respectively. Lean principles implementations have been analyzed and compared with other supply chain planning policies: EOQ and information sharing (Visibility). Supported by the simulation study, this paper points Lean supply chain planning is a competitive planning policies to increase efficiency.


We present an AR-based system that allows spatial collaboration for multiple users. The main contribution is that on-site and remote users can work together in an asynchronous way. On the one hand, mobile users can create a new project by documenting the environment on-site and saving this data for asynchronous processing. On the other hand they can access previously saved data on-site with an augmented reality view where annotations and other content are directly visualized on top of the real world. Desktop users can access the data remotely and have more sophisticated ways for editing. Both, mobile and desktop users can revisit, view and edit a collaboration project anytime. We show how the system can be setup with standard hardware and software modules and share details about the implementation.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate high school coaches' knowledge in sports nutrition and the nutritional practices they recommend to their athletes. Forty-seven high school coaches in "leanness" and "non-leanness" sports from the greater region of Quebec (women = 44.7%) completed a questionnaire on nutritional knowledge and practices. "Leanness sports" were defined as sports where leanness or/and low bodyweight were considered important (e.g., cheerleading, swimming and gymnastics), and "non-leanness sports" were defined as sports where these factors are less important (e.g., football). Participants obtained a total mean score of 68.4% for the nutrition knowledge part of the questionnaire. More specifically, less than 30% of the coaches could answer correctly some general nutrition questions regarding carbohydrates and lipids. No significant difference in nutrition knowledge was observed between coaches from "leanness" and "non-leanness" sports or between men and women. Respondents with a university education scored higher than the others (73.3% vs. 63.3%, p < .05). Coaches who participated in coaching certification also obtained better results than those without a coaching certification. The most popular source of information about nutrition used by coaches was the Internet at 55%. The two most popular nutrition practices that coaches recommended to improve athlete performance were hydration and consumption of protein-rich foods. Recommendation for nutritional supplements use was extremely rare and was suggested only by football coaches, a nonleanness sport. Findings from this study indicate that coaches need sports nutrition education and specific training.


An industrial scale biomass production using batch or fed‐batch fermentations usually optimized by selection of bacterial strains, tuning fermentation media, feeding strategy, and temperature. However, in‐depth investigation of the biomass metabolome during the production may reveal new knowledge for better optimization. In this study, for the first time, the authors investigated seven fermentation batches performed on five Streptoccoccus thermophilus strains during the biomass production at Chr. Hansen (Denmark) in a real life large scale fermentation process. The study is designed to investigate effects of batch fermentation, fermentation time, production line, and yeast extract brands on the biomass metabolome using untargeted GC‐MS metabolomics. Processing of the raw GC‐MS data using PARAFAC2 revealed a total of 90 metabolites out of which 64 are identified. Partitioning of the data variance according to the experimental design was performed using ASCA and revealed that batch and fermentation time effects and their interaction term were the most significant effects. The yeast extract brand had a smaller impact on the biomass metabolome, while the production line showed no effect. This study shows that in‐depth metabolic analysis of fermentation broth provides a new tool for advanced optimization of high‐volume‐low‐cost biomass production by lowering the cost, increase the yield, and augment the product quality.


Vascular reconstruction is necessary when tumors invade the carotid artery and or jugular vein. We describe two such cases and discuss the operative technique. The first case was a 46-year-old man with laryngeal carcinoma and the second was a 69-year-old man with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Both had neck metastases which involved the large blood vessels. Neck dissections were performed and the carotid artery and jugular vein were reconstructed with a section of the great saphenous vein. Blood flow was monitored with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In the first case, the right carotid artery and jugular vein showed good blood flow. The left jugular vein and right carotid artery in the second case were obstructed a few months later. There were many problems during surgery. Maintenance of cerebral blood flow is the most important consideration. Internal shunts were useful in maintaining sufficient cerebral circulation during the operations.


Background/Aims: We previously found that some cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) were rated as Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) negative by amyloid imaging (i.e. cases of PiB-negative dementia). The present study was designed to analyze the clinical features of PiB-negative dementia patients in detail. Methods: Of the 64 cases of clinically diagnosed AD, 14 were rated PiB negative. Eleven of these were further analyzed using CSF biomarker levels and findings from MRI, FDG-PET, 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results: When examined by 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy, the heart/mediastinum ratio was significantly higher in the PiB-negative dementia group than in the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) group. Analyses of CSF biomarkers and MRI and FDG-PET findings suggested argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) in 3 cases, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in 3 cases, neurofibrillary tangle-predominant dementia (NFTD) in 1 case, and AD in 2 cases. In the VBM data analysis, the PiB-positive AD group showed significant atrophy of both hippocampi compared with the healthy control group, while the PiB-negative dementia group presented with significant atrophy of the left precuneus. Conclusion: PiB-negative dementia is unlikely to include DLB, while it most likely includes diseases of tauopathy, such as FTLD, AGD and NFTD. A better understanding of PiB-negative dementia is expected to further improve the accuracy of the clinical AD diagnosis.


A new methodology for developing average models of resonant converters is presented and verified against cycle by cycle simulation, showing excellent agreement. The proposed modelling approach applies the concept of R/sub ac/(t), which represents the instantaneous effective load of the resonant network. The model can be used as it is to run steady-state (DC), large signal (transient) and small signal (AC) simulations.


Purpose A simple measure to assess drug adherence in Saudi patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is required. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the 5-Item Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR5) into Arabic. Patients and Methods The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to Arab patients in six steps: initial translation, synthesis of the translation, back translation, expert committee review, test of the pre-final version, and development of the Arabic CQR5 (ACQR-5). The resulting version was tested for validity in patients with RA. Results A total of 103 adult patients with RA were recruited from rheumatology clinics at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. After extensive translation, the final tool (CQR) was piloted in 15 patients. The final validation was performed with 88 patients. Of these, 80 (90.9%) were female and 43.2% were seropositive. The mean (±SD) age and disease duration were 50 (±13) and 11.4 (±8.2) years, respectively. Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.886, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for factor analysis was 0.870 (p<0.001). The mean ACQR-5 was 17.78 (2.70), with 14 (15.9%) classified as low adherents and the remaining 74 (84.1%) as high adherents. Binary logistic regression revealed that increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.082, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.025–1.142, p=0.005) and a trend toward the presence of other comorbidities (OR 3.111, 95% CI: 0.961–10.070, p=0.058) were associated with low adherence. Conclusion ACQR-5 is a simple and feasible tool for identifying adherence levels in patients with RA in Saudi Arabia. A high level of adherence was observed in this study. Additional studies are required to assess ACQR-5 validity and adherence levels in a larger, more diverse population.


The paper focuses on the teleoperation system TeleTA with haptic feedback designed to realize haptic communication with remote human, to achieve high level of maneuverability of robot arm in unstructured environment, and to increase effectiveness of physical Human-Robot interaction. The human operator directs the robot arm to the target position, while manipulator sensory system provides safe physical interaction with environment. In order to achieve awareness of collision, to support operator with valuable information (stiffness and shape of contacting object), and to realize robot-mediated haptic communication, we developed the innovative tactile and haptic displays, namely, BraTact (for presenting the cutaneous information) and FlexTorque (for presenting the kinaethetic feedback).


Selection acting on genomic functional elements can be detected by its indirect effects on population diversity at linked neutral sites. To illuminate the selective forces that shaped hominid evolution, we analyzed the genomic distributions of human polymorphisms and sequence differences among five primate species relative to the locations of conserved sequence features. Neutral sequence diversity in human and ancestral hominid populations is substantially reduced near such features, resulting in a surprisingly large genome average diversity reduction due to selection of 19-26% on the autosomes and 12-40% on the X chromosome. The overall trends are broadly consistent with "background selection" or hitchhiking in ancestral populations acting to remove deleterious variants. Average selection is much stronger on exonic (both protein-coding and untranslated) conserved features than non-exonic features. Long term selection, rather than complex speciation scenarios, explains the large intragenomic variation in human/chimpanzee divergence. Our analyses reveal a dominant role for selection in shaping genomic diversity and divergence patterns, clarify hominid evolution, and provide a baseline for investigating specific selective events.


The tsunami that resulted from the Central East sea Earthquake, which registered 7.7 on the Richter scale, that occurred over the entire water region in Akita on May. 26, 1983 and the tsunami that was triggered by the Southwest off Hokkaido Earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) that occurred in Southwest off Hokkaido on July 12, 1993 are representative cases that led to considerable damage in life and property, not only in Japan but also in Korea. In this study, multi-grid method was used in order to reproduce sufficiently the shoaling effect that occurs as water depth becomes shallow in the shallow water region and moving boundary condition was introduced to consider the runup in the coastal region. For the tsunamis that exerted considerable effect on the East Sea coast of Korea that were caused by the Central East Sea Earthquake in 1983 and the Southwest off Hokkaido Earthquake in 1993, characteristics like water level rise and propagation in the East Sea coast will be examined using numerical simulations. At the same time, these values will be compared with observed values. In addition, maximum water level rise and change in the water level with respect to time that were caused by the tsunamis were examined at each location along the East sea coast. Usefulness of numerical analysis was verified by comparing with observed values.


We have expressed an unfused E7 protein from human papillomavirus 16 into Escherichia coli by using a T7-RNA polymerase system. E7 mRNA was detected one hour after promoter induction. Western blot analysis using either a murine monoclonal antibody elicited against E7 or sera from cervical carcinoma patients demonstrated that recombinant E7 expressed in E. coli reacted to both of them, and a 21 kD band is observed as a positive signal. This protein provides a suitable material for further protein structure and immunological studies and offers a screening tool for identification of circulating antibodies in human sera.


Our article deals with the design and construction of a resonant exhaust system and cooling system for the M60 engine. In introductory part, the article provides the reader with a final overview of two-stroke. In the next chapter, the focus is only on the resonant exhaust system. The article of the reader informs about the basic principles of resonant exhaust systems and points out their fundamental effect on power, torque and fuel consumption. Subsequently, the article gets to the calculation of the resonant exhaust system and its execution. The final chapter deals with the cooling system and solves the design optimization of the shape of deflectors. Both in the previous chapter and in this chapter, it first deals with theoretical knowledge, design and subseguent production of deflectors.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse the prevalence of myths pertinent to healthcare issues of females of reproductive age.

METHODS
This cross-sectional, simple descriptive, knowledge, attitude and practices-education research was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from February to August 2016. A 30-item self-designed questionnaire was applied, collecting demographic details and answers to 21 close-ended questions encompassing the prevalence of myths pertinent to reproductive health issues of women in Pakistan.Every question had three options, Yes(myth), No(correct answer) and Don't Know(unsure). SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS
There were 594 participants in the study. The overall mean age was 35.11±12.711 years and the mean duration of education was 9.41±6.353 years. Besides, >50% answers positive for myths and <50% answers positive for myths were given by 326(54.9%) and 268(45.1%) respondents, respectively. The prevalence of myths was directly proportional to age (p=0.004), and inversely proportional to education (p<0.001) and socio-economic class(p<0.001); impact of education was stronger than socio-economic class(Pearson's chi-square being 74.189 and 48.672, respectively). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-based respondents harboured more myths (p=0.024). There was no significant impact of marital status (p=0.099).

CONCLUSIONS
The participants held significant amount of myths regarding health issues in reproductive age.


In this paper, using amidoxime as a functional monomer, different generations of polyamidoxime dendrimer magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2-g-PAMAM-AO) were fabricated to adsorb Pb2+ and Ni2+ in aqueous solution. The magnetic adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, XPS, TEM, EDS, TGA and BET. The effects of different factors (such as solution pH, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, adsorbent dosage etc.) on adsorption were evaluated. Fe3O4@SiO2-g-PAMAM-AO has a maximum Pb(ii) adsorption of 157.25 mg g−1 (100 mg L−1) at pH 5.5. Furthermore, Fe3O4@SiO2-g-PAMAM-AO showed an excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Ni(ii) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 191.78 mg g−1 (100 mg L−1) at pH 8.0. The sorption isotherm data fitted the Freundlich isotherm model well. Adsorption kinetics analysis showed that it was best described by the pseudo-second-order rate model. Desorption experiment results showed that the adsorbent can be reused in the adsorption–desorption cycles.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate risk factors associated with failed attempts of vacuum extraction and their outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
All trial vacuum extractions (metal Minicup) from 1992 to 2000 in Besançon University Hospital Center were retrospectively analysed, namely 2447 cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses of failed vacuum extraction risk factors and descriptive analyse of outcomes were performed.

RESULTS
The rate of failed vacuum extractions was 3.47% (85/2447). A multivariate analysis showed the following independent risks factors in failed extraction: extraction above pelvic level + 2 (OR = 1.8; CI 95%: 1.1-3), newborn weight (OR = 2.9; CI 95%: 1.8-4.9), parity >2 (OR = 0.08; CI 95%: 0.01-0.6). In case of failed vacuum extraction, newborns had a significantly higher rate of Apgar score <7 at 1 min (P = 0.0002), but not at 5 min. These newborns were most regularly admitted in pediatric care units (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The failed trial attempt vacuum extraction rate stays low. These failed instrumental extractions are more common in an extraction above pelvic + 2, a high fetal weight and an arrest during the second stage of labor. There is an increased adverse neonatal outcome. Clinical fetal weight estimation and diagnosis of presentation level in mother pelvis must be performed before vacuum extraction.


We investigated the associations between GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 polymorphisms and child- hood cancer. Genotypes were analyzed with real-time PCR in 61 children with cancer and 157 healthy controls. Twen- ty nine of 61 patients were diagnosed of leukemia and 8 of lymphoma. The remaining patients had solid tumors. GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma (OR= 2.2, 95%CI= 1.1-4.6) (p= 0.03). Presence of at least one mutant allele of GSTP1 was related to an increased risk of solid tumor (OR= 3.3, 95%CI= 1.3-8.3) (p= 0.02). Moreover, CYP2C9*2 allele was a high risk for leukemia and lymphoma (p= 0.04). In conclusion, GSTM1, GSTP1, and CYP2C9 polymorphisms may play a role in the development of childhood can- cer.


INTRODUCTION
The technique used for reconstruction of a cervicofacial defect depends on the extent of the tissue loss. Locoregional or free flaps are commonly used for this type of reconstruction. The type of flap used depends on donor site availability and morbidity. The aim of this technical note was to present appropriate use of the fascia temporalis flap in maxillofacial surgery. ANATOMIC BASIS: The superficial fascia temporalis lies just under the scalp. Blood is supplied via the superficial temporal artery which widely irrigates this anatomic region. Venous blood is drained by the superficial temporal vein and the posterior auricular vein.

SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
First, the skin flap is drawn after determining the required size and length of the vascular pedicle. The T or Y incision enables complete exposure of the superficial fascia temporalis and the temporal vessels. The superficial fascia temporalis fascia is then resected at the desired size and easily dissected from the deep temporal fascia via the avascular plane. This dissection is easily achieved manually using a compress.

INDICATIONS
This flap can be used in the auricular region, for commissural reconstruction to ensure facial motricity, for eyelids defects, for defects in the frontal or zygomatic area and for defects of the palate or labial or cheek mucosa.

ADVANTAGES
This flap can be raised rapidly and easily without any specific requierment. The flap is reliable and allows a long pedicle. The superficial fascia temporalis is thin and easily remodeled. The scar at the donor site is masked by the hair. DRAWBACKS: This flap may not be available in the event of previous trauma or surgery with a high risk of injury to the temporal vessels. This flap is not suitable in patients with prior irradiation exposure or malformatve disease (Franceschetti's syndrome, hemifacial atrophy etc.). Facial palsy due to facial nerve injury, sensorial disorders or local alopecia can develop post-operatively. For reconstruction of the lower third of the face, other flaps should be preferred.


Small-scale bioreactors are widely used for experimentation in microbiological laboratories. Currently, the price of these systems is in the order of € 20 000, which obstructs its acquisition. A homemade stirred tank system, with easily available and inexpensive resources, was designed and assembled so that meets the essential requirements  for the establishment of microbial fermentation processes on a small-scale.  In this regard, the sterility of the system was checked by applying sterility controls during 24 h of continuous operation under real conditions of handling, including three samplings.  The oxygen transfer coefficient (kla) was determined  by the sulfite method, under different aeration-agitation conditions, yielding  values of 0, 058 s-1 and 0, 033 s-1  under 0, 67 L·min-1 of air flow rate and stirring rates of 850 min-1 and 650 min-1, respectively, which result usually sufficient for optimal microbial growth. The bioreactor exhibited a satisfactory mixing performance, which is expressed by its ability to maintain the temporal stability of the concentration of an insoluble, high density and finely divided solid  (BaSO4).  These results show the practical potentialities of this homemade bioreactor to the study of microbial fermentation at lab -scale level.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcome in multiple pregnancies showed early complications after selective multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR). Methods: This was a retrospective study evaluating the outcome of 187 multiple pregnancies after embryo reduction at 10th –14th week of gestation in our center. A needle was inserted into the uterus transabdominally and potassium chloride was injected into the fetal thorax. Using data derived from this study and from a review of studies reporting on survival and early complications by gestational age in singletons, the effects of embryo reduction on pregnancy outcome rates were estimated. Main outcome measures were rupture of membranes, uterine contractions, vaginal discharge, chorioamnionitis, miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation and preterm delivery before 32 weeks. Results: In 185/187 (98.9%) we retrieved outcome results. In 31/185 (16.7%) MFPR early complications were reported within a week, as rupture of membranes, uterine contractions, vaginal discharge and chorioamnionitis were 17/185 (9.2%), 4/185 (2.2%), 7/185 (3.7%) and 3/185 (1.6%) respectively. 4/31 (12.9%) were miscarried until 24th week of gestation and 27/31 (87.1%) delivered healthy neonates. The overall rate of miscarriage was 12/185 (6.4%) from whom 4/12 (33.3%) had early complications and 8/12 (66.7%) didn't have any. Preterm labour before 32 weeks was 14/185 (7.5%) from whom only 1 had early complications. Regarding miscarriage and preterm labour, no statistical differences were observed between group of women with early complications and women with no complications. Early complications (25% vs. 3.7%) and pregnancy loss before 24 weeks (7.6% vs. 3.7%) were higher when the reduction was to twins rather in reduction to a single fetus. Conclusions: The incidence of early complications after selective embryo reduction in multiple pregnancies is relatively high. However, there is no correlation between early complications within a week and miscarriage or preterm labour before 32 weeks of gestation. OP06: PREDICTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF PLACENTAL DISEASE


The capability of close-edge remote welding of AA6xxx alloys is mandatory for lightweight car body manufacturing. However, these high-strength alloys suffer from a high susceptibility to hot cracking. For the investigations presented in this paper a multi-alloy aluminum was used which features a thin silicon-rich clad layer onto a standard AA6xxx core alloy. This shifts the weld pool composition to an alloy regime which is less crack sensitive. The experiments have shown that the usage of an AA6xxx multi-alloy aluminum not only reduces hot cracking but also reduces the required line energy to achieve full penetration welds by 8% compared to a standard AA6xxx alloy. Full penetration welding is often used in order to facilitate quality control of the resulting joint. In this paper the influence of the multiple alloy layers on the process efficiency is discussed using a heat flow model which was calibrated by experimentally determined weld seam geometries. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH


This paper tells about the microcontroller based communication system using laser light as a device to transmit data. Here the microcontroller is connected with a PC where the PC act has an input to the laser which gives input parameters like audio, text and video to transmit with the help of laser medium. After successfully implementing this project, we found that the data transmission through laser light has achieved great success while comparing with the conventional communication system.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Dual-specificity phosphatase type 1 (DUSP1/MKP1), is a member of the dual-specific family of phosphatases that can dephosphorylate and inactivate all three major Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs), including Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK1/2), and p38. MKP1 is a nuclear protein whose expression is regulated by mitogenic, inflammatory and DNA-damage stimuli. Basal levels of MKP1 are usually low in normal cells, however high levels of the protein have been found in several human tumours such as ovarian, breast, prostate and lung. Amplification and mutation of Ha-Ras correlates with the malignancy of tumours that appears in chemically-induced mouse skin and additionally, an increase in Ha-Ras levels induces JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 activity, known substrates of MKP1, however, there is no evidence in the literature of a relationship between MKP1 and skin cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of MKP1 in carcinogenesis and tumor development in carcinogen-induced skin cancer. MKP1 wild-type (mkp1+/+) and MKP1 knock-out (mkp1-/-) mice were subjected to the standard two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol using 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthraacene (DMBA) as the initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as the promoter. We observed a significant decrease in both papilloma incidence and papilloma multiplicity in mkp1+/+ mice undergoing two-stage skin carcinogenesis relative to mkp1-/- littermates. Morphological evaluation of skin lesions from mkp1+/+ and mkp1-/- mice revealed a significant reduction in both tumour incidence and tumour multiplicity in mkp1+/+ mice relative to mkp1-/- littermates. No differences were found between mkp1+/+ and mkp1-/- skin hyperplasia following TPA challenge, but we observed reduced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation in mkp1+/+ epidermis compared with mkp1-/- epidermis. Targeted disruption of MKP1 gene led to a slight increase in ERK1/2 protein in mkp1-/- mice, whereas p38 and JNK1/2 proteins were expressed at similar levels in the epidermis of mkp1+/+ and mkp1-/- mice. We examined the effect of MKP1 deficiency on ERK1/2 activation and we observed that TPA-mediated activation of ERK1/2 was diminished in mkp1+/+ epidermis compared with mkp1-/- epidermis. Finally, we have also observed a marked reduction in MKP1 expression levels in human basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in relation to normal skin. In contrast to the results found in other tumor types as lung cancer, our data provide a strong evidence for MKP1 having a role in the tumorogenesis and development of skin cancer by attenuating epidermal response to tumour promotion, and ultimately, two-stage skin carcinogenesis, very likely by impairing the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, critically linked to control of cell proliferation and skin tumorigenesis. Supported by PI081485 and P09/1988 and by an unrestricted educational grant from Fundacion Mutua Madrilena 2007-0444

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2366. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2366


The existence of spin-triplet superconductivity in non-collinear magnetic heterostructures with superconductors is by now well established. This observation lays the foundation of superconducting spintronics with the aim to create a low-power consuming devices in order to replace the conventional electronics limited by heating. From a fundamental point of view the investigation of the structure and properties of spin-triplet Cooper pairs continues. Recently, spectroscopic evidence has shown to offer more detailed insights in the structure of triplet Cooper pairs than the supercurrent. Hence, we study here the structure of spin-triplet Cooper pairs through the density of states (DOS) in bilayers of a textured magnetic insulator in proximity to a superconductor. Using quasiclassical Green function methods, we study the local DOS, both spin-resolved and spin-independent. We show that the equal-spin and mixed-spin triplet Cooper pairs leads to different spectroscopic signatures, which can be further enhanced by spin-polarized spectroscopy. Our results show the huge potential spin-polarized tunneling methods offer in characterizing unconventional superconductivity in heterostructures.


The lack of rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostic tests represents the primary hurdle affecting malaria surveillance in resource- and expertise-limited areas. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a sensitive, rapid, and cheap diagnostic method. Five species-specific LAMP assays were developed based on 18S rRNA gene. Sensitivity and specificity of LAMP results were calculated as compared with microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction. LAMP reactions were highly sensitive with the detection limit of one copy for Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium malariae and 10 copies for Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium ovale. LAMP positively detected all human malaria species in all positive samples (N = 134; sensitivity = 100%) within 35 minutes. All negative samples were not amplified by LAMP (N = 67; specificity = 100%). LAMP successfully detected two samples with very low parasitemia. LAMP may offer a rapid, simple, and reliable test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where malaria is prevalent.


In this work, we study the downlink of multiuser multiantenna systems which employ one multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay and the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay strategy. We propose joint constrained optimization frameworks that consider the allocation of power levels between the base station (BS) and the relay station (RS) subject to a total power constraint and the joint design of BS precoders, relay beamformers and mobile station (MS) receivers. In terms of the perfect channel state information (CSI), we derive constrained minimum mean square error (MMSE) expressions for the BS precoding and RS beamforming matrices that determine the optimal power levels across the BS and the RS, and the MS receiver matrices. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed techniques is significantly better than prior art in terms of perfect CSI.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Pharmacists are now adopting a crucial role in the management of chronic illness in primary care, providing diabetes care and advice. This review aims to show whether a range of diabetes care interventions delivered by pharmacists is successful in improving adherence to medication.

METHODS
The studies reviewed formed a subgroup of a Cochrane review on interventions to improve adherence to medication in people with type 2 diabetes. Search terms were 'type 2 diabetes mellitus' and 'compliance' or 'adherence'. Studies were included if they assessed adherence to medical treatment specifically, rather than other aspects of self-management. Out of the 21 studies selected for review, five described an intervention delivered by a pharmacist.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Two studies reported on attempts to improve adherence focused on the taking of medication. A system of reminders and packaging improved medication adherence, but measuring medicine taking through pill counts or Medication Event Monitoring System was not effective. Three studies evaluated pharmacist-led integrated management and education programmes designed to improve glycaemic control for under-served patient populations. They all succeeded in lowering glycated haemoglobin, but it remains unclear whether this resulted from improved patient adherence.

CONCLUSION
This review indicates a potential benefit of pharmacist interventions to improve medication adherence in diabetes, especially in providing patient education.


A total of 23 strains of halophilic histamine-producing bacteria previously isolated from marine fish and seawater were studied phenotypically, genotypically, and phylogenetically. These organisms are facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, short rods that are motile by means of one to three unsheathed polar flagella. They are mesophilic and nonluminescent, produce oxidase, utilize d-glucose but not d-mannitol as a carbon and energy source, and accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNAs are ca. 41 mol%. Genomic DNA hybridization experiments revealed that some of the isolates exhibited low levels of reassociation (less than 40%) with previously described Photobacterium species. 16S rRNA gene sequence information confirmed the phylogenetic position of one of the isolates, strain C-8T (T = type strain), as a member of the genus Photobacterium. Therefore, we concluded that these organisms are members of a new species of the genus Photobacterium and propose the name Photobacterium histaminum sp. nov. for them. The type strain is strain C-8 (= JCM 8968).


The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, particularly a Nadiwen-imidacloprid mixed formula preparation for controlling brown paddy plant hopper. According to the invention, Nadiwen water-dispersible granules (the mass percent of effective components is 75%, including 25% of trifloxystrobin and 50% of tebuconazole) and imidacloprid water-dispersible granules (the mass percent of effective component is 70%) are prepared into a mixed formula for controlling brown paddy plant hopper. The invention is characterized in that the mixed formula for controlling brown paddy plant hopper can obviously reduce the insecticide consumption, effectively enhance the control effect on brown paddy plant hopper and postpone the development of drug resistance of brown paddy plant hopper.


Abstract The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of molecular architecture of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) on its ability to be processed by stretch-blow molding, which is not well documented in the literature. To evaluate this process ability, it proposes an original strategy combining laboratory analyses and experiments on a prototype machine. PET copolymers were prepared from three types of comonomers: diethylene glycol (DEG), isophthalic acid (IPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP). It is first shown, through laboratory experiments, that the nature of the polymer in terms of chain constitution (copolymerization), chain length (intrinsic viscosity) and purity (catalytic residues) greatly affects many properties: melt crystallization, thermal properties, polymer rigidity and drawability. These different properties obviously induce very different behaviours at the different steps of the stretch-blow molding process: injection-molding of the preform (quenchability), heating (IR absorption), stretch-blow (rigidity and drawability). The stretch-blow step has been simulated on a prototype apparatus designed in our laboratory. It has been shown that free blowing can be used to characterize the process ability of the polymer. A statistical analysis has confirmed the great differences between the materials investigated and pointed out the complexity of the material response during blowing.


This article offers a revised physical therapy treatment approach for rehabilitating a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following arthroplastic surgical intervention. Surgical repair is only advised in those chronic cases where refractory symptoms affect the quality of the patient's life and prevent patients from carrying out their normal daily activities. Previous nonsurgical and surgical management usually fails to correct the problem in these types of cases. Rehabilitation guidelines discussed include plication, diskectomy (with or without interpositional implant), costochondral graft, fossa implant, and total joint replacement.


Morbilliviruses use signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as a receptor for their entry to cells. In this study, a complete gene encoding SLAM of a domestic cat was identified. The identity of feline SLAM with canine one was 73%, and feline SLAM formed the same cluster with those of carnivores. Furthermore, feline cell expressing feline SLAM supported growth of canine distemper virus (CDV) as well as that expressing canine one. These results indicated that feline SLAM can function as a receptor for morbilliviruses, and our established feline cells that express feline SLAM might be useful for analysis of morbilliviruses originated from felids.


The theorem relating the length (L) and velocity (V) operators, that permits to compute in two alternative ways the polarizabilities of finite systems, is generalized to periodic infinite cases. The two alternative strategies have been implemented in the CRYSTAL code, that uses Gaussian type basis sets, within the CPHF and CPKS formalisms. The dielectric constant of diamond, SiC, silicon and MgO has been obtained with four different hamiltonians (HF, LDA, PBE, B3LYP). The effect of basis set and other computational parameters are discussed. It turns out that when a relatively extended basis set is used, LDA and PBE results obtained with the L and V operators nearly coincide, whereas HF and B3LYP schemes provide different results, as expected on the basis of the non-commutability of the HF-exchange and length operators.


The issues raised in the 2009 Lok Sabha election campaign by the major alliances and the response of voters to them present a mixed picture. The National Election Study 2009 survey indicates that voters did not consider some of the issues highlighted by political parties to have much relevance to them and these had almost no impact on voting decisions. They included, for instance, the Bharatiya Janata Party's campaign issues such as the Indo-United States nuclear deal and the Ram Sethu controversy. However, economic concerns, basic services, welfare policies and citizens' security were significant in influencing voting decisions. Surprisingly, the United Progressive Alliance's vote did not suffer much even though the price rise and terrorist attacks during the government's term in office were matters of concern to a majority of the voters.


In this study, bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of renewable biomass was added by the mass of phenol to synthesize bio-oil phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resins, which were used to fabricate glass fiber (GF) reinforced BPF resin (GF/BPF) composites. The properties of the BPF resin and the GF/BPF composites prepared were tested. The functional groups and thermal property of BPF resin were thoroughly investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). Results indicated that the addition of 20% bio-oil exhibited favorable adaptability for enhancing the stiffness and heat resistance of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Besides, high-performance GF/BPF composites could be successfully prepared with the BPF resin based on hand lay-up process. The interface characteristics of GF/BPF composites were determined by the analysis of dynamic wettability (DW) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It exhibited that GF could be well wetted and embedded in the BPF resin with the bio-oil addition of 20%.


Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental impairment. To better understand the role of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in different countries in supporting children with ASD, the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP) Child Language Committee developed a survey for SLPs working with children or adolescents with ASD. Method and Participants: The survey comprised 58 questions about background information of respondents, characteristics of children with ASD, and the role of SLPs in diagnosis, assessment, and intervention practices. The survey was available in English, French, Russian, and Portuguese, and distributed online. Results: This paper provides a descriptive summary of the main findings from the quantitative data from the 1,114 SLPs (representing 35 countries) who were supporting children with ASD. Most of the respondents (91%) were experienced in working with children with ASD, and the majority (75%) worked in schools or early childhood settings. SLPs reported that the children's typical age at diagnosis of ASD on their caseload was 3–4 years, completed mostly by a professional team. Conclusions: The results support positive global trends for SLPs using effective practices in assessment and intervention for children with ASD. Two areas where SLPs may need further support are involving parents in assessment practices, and supporting literacy development in children with ASD.


Here is an atlas composed of 223 reproductions of various types of abnormal electroencephalograms. It is introduced by 48 pages of brief discussion of technique and of the clinical entities and electrical patterns presented. Some are conditions found only in childhood; tracings used to illustrate the rest are those of children of different ages. The selection on epilepsies has been arranged roughly according to ages at which they appear, from hypsarrhythmia through petit mal, grand mal, cortical foci, psychomotor epilepsy, and vegetative seizures. The electroencephalographic correlates of cerebral palsy, acute convulsive encephalopathy, and febrile convulsions are presented. There is a comprehensive bibliography of approximately 400 items taken from European and American sources, chiefly between 1956 and 1961. The author is an assistant and docent of pediatrics at the University of Siena, Italy. His point of view is clinical and practical and this atlas is addressed primarily to the pediatrician and


BACKGROUND
Sentinel node (SN) biopsy has been tried in the management of a variety of cancers with the hope that it would eliminate many unnecessary lymph node dissections, resulting in less morbidity. This important technique, however, has not been tried in gastric cancer surgery. The feasibility of SN biopsy and its accuracy in predicting the lymph node status in patients with gastric cancer were examined in the current study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
SN biopsy was performed in patients with T1 (n = 44) or T2 (n = 30) gastric cancers (ie, immediately after laparotomy, indocyanine green was injected around the primary tumor, and the green-stained nodes [SNs: 2.6 +/- 1.7 nodes per patient] were removed). Then, gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy was performed. The unstained nodes (non-SNs: 39 +/- 18 nodes per patient) were obtained from the resected specimens. Both SNs and non-SNs were subjected to histologic examination with hematoxylin-eosin.

RESULTS
SNs could be identified in 73 of 74 patients (success rate, 99%). Of these 73 patients, 10 had lymph node metastases in SNs or non-SNs, or both; 6 in both SNs and non-SNs; 3 in SNs alone; and 1 in non-SNs alone. The sensitivity of the SN status in the diagnosis of the lymph node status of the patient was 90% (9/10) and specificity was 100% (63/63). Sensitivity was 100% in the T1 group (n = 44) and 88% in the T2 group (n = 29).

CONCLUSIONS
SN biopsy using indocyanine green can be performed with a high success rate, and the SN status can predict the lymph node status with a high degree of accuracy, especially in patients with T1 gastric cancer.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes life-threatening infections in susceptible individuals and is resistant to most clinically available antimicrobials. Genomic and proteomic studies have identified three genes, pa0102, pa2053 and pa4676, in P. aeruginosa PAO1 encoding three functional β-carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs): psCA1, psCA2 and psCA3, respectively. These β-CAs could serve as novel antimicrobial drug targets for this pathogen. X-ray crystallographic structural studies have been initiated to characterize the structure and function of these proteins. This communication describes the production of two crystal forms (A and B) of β-CA psCA3. Form A diffracted to a resolution of 2.9 Å; it belonged to space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 81.9, b = 84.9, c = 124.2 Å, and had a calculated Matthews coefficient of 2.23 ų Da⁻¹ assuming four molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Form B diffracted to a resolution of 3.0 Å; it belonged to space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 69.9, b = 77.7, c = 88.5 Å, and had a calculated Matthews coefficient of 2.48 ų Da⁻¹ assuming two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Preliminary molecular-replacement solutions have been determined with the PHENIX AutoMR wizard and refinement of both crystal forms is currently in progress.


The Steiner connectivity problem is a generalization of the Steiner tree problem. It consists in finding a minimum cost set of simple paths to connect a subset of nodes in an undirected graph. We show that polyhedral and algorithmic results on the Steiner tree problem carry over to the Steiner connectivity problem; namely, the Steiner cut and the Steiner partition inequalities, as well as the associated polynomial time separation algorithms, can be generalized. Similar to the Steiner tree case, a directed formulation, which is stronger than the natural undirected one, plays a central role.


An interest exists to enhance the amount of carbon contained in Australian soils because of the beneficial impacts on both soil productivity and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. There is no doubt that Australian soils have the capacity to capture additional carbon by altering current management practices. However, much debate remains over the potential rate and magnitude of carbon capture. It is unlikely that capturing carbon within soil will offset Australia's net greenhouse gas emissions, but it is likely that soils can contribute to reducing emissions within a broader set of strategies. A review of Australian research trials comparing traditional agricultural management practices with practices designed to retain addition carbon has indicated that, irrespective of the management practices applied, soil carbon values have continued to decline under agricultural production. However, the extent of SOC reduction was reduced under more conservative carbon friendly practices. This would result in an avoided emission, when compared to the business as usual scenario, rather than a net sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere. In an effort to extend our understanding of the magnitude of soil carbon change under different land use/management practices at a regional scale, a national soil carbon project has been recently established. This program will sample soils from the major combinations of soil and land use/management practices within defined regions across Australia. Land use/management impacts on differences in both the amount and composition of soil carbon will be defined.


The fine structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the smooth muscle of Mytilus and the localization of intracellular calcium at rest and during acetylcholine-induced contraction were studied using the pyroantimonate-osmium (PAO) technique. 1. The SR showed vesicular and tubular elements which were alternately interconnected along the axis of the fiber. Transverse components were sometimes observed. The vesicular elements of the SR formed specialized junctions (couplings) with the plasma membrane. 2. The electron opaque precipitate which formed in the SR, mitochondria and on the inner surface of the plasma membrane after treatment with PAO was proven to be mainly Ca-pyroantimonate by both energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. 3. In muscle fibers treated with PAO shortly after the peak of contraction, the SR was the last site of the three Ca-accumulating sites in which the precipitate was relocalized. This finding suggests that the SR plays a principal role in the regulation of the contraction and relaxation cycle. 4. Fused paramyosin filaments were not observed during the catch state.


Executed was modelling of Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis by injection into rabbits monoiodacetat, ergocalciferol; cholesterol atherosclerosis and combined type of lesion by simultaneous intake of cholesterol and monoiodacetat. Examined was the content of lipoproteins of different classes in blood serum, in aorta tissue--cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids. During all implemented ways of actions the change in comparative content of lipoproteins was indicated, what can be estimated as atherogenic. Monoiodacetat model of arteriosclerosis is accompanied with denominated accumulation of lipids in aorta walls, ergocalciferol model with accumulation of triglycerides only.


This study aimed to develop an Eco-Inefficiency (Ely) formula to verify the cost of the economic, environmental, and social impact of waste, applicable to food services (FS). Six stages were performed: identification of the terms that characterize food waste; definition of constructs influenced by food waste; identification of the variables that make up each construct; indicators capable of measuring the impact generated by food waste; definition of the mathematical formula; and EIy pilot test. The formula was based on eco-efficiency but focused on food waste. The constructs were translated into three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. Researchers created a score for the dimensions and the entire evaluation, based on a literature review. Water footprint, cleaning material, food production waste, the amount of rest-intake, and the amount of distribution leftover were evaluated on the environmental impact. The economic dimension variables were energy consumption to produce the wasted food, cost of raw material used in wasted food, and food handlers' wages for the economic impact measurement. The social impact variables were: energy density (ED), rest-intake (kcal/g), distribution of leftover ED (kcal/g), use of organic food, and food surpluses' donation. With an EIy application in each item, we have the item's score in each dimension. The higher value of an item, the higher is its influence on the dimension, allowing us to identify those with the most significant impact in the restaurant. The Environmental dimension presented the most significant problems in the assessed scenario. The eco-inefficiency formula identifies food waste's main critical points, allowing us to trace strategies to reduce food waste.


Nonribosomal peptides have a variety of medicinal activities including activity as antibiotics, antitumor drugs, immunosuppressives, and toxins. Their biosynthesis on multimodular assembly lines as a series of covalently tethered thioesters, in turn covalently attached on pantetheinyl arms on carrier protein way stations, reflects similar chemical logic and protein machinery to fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. While structural information on excised or isolated catalytic adenylation (A), condensation (C), peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) and thioesterase (TE) domains had been gathered over the past decade, little was known about how the NRPS catalytic and carrier domains interact with each other both within and across elongation or termination modules. This Highlight reviews recent breakthrough achievements in both X-ray and NMR spectroscopic studies that illuminate the architecture of NRPS PCP domains, PCP-containing didomain-fragments and of a full termination module (C-A-PCP-TE).


ABSTRACT Yu, L.; Han, Z.; He, J., and Li, G., 2022. Experimental study on the permeability damage mechanism of gravel pack sand control medium in mud hydrate reservoirs. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(6), 1104–1115. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The high argillaceous gas hydrate reservoir contains high silt and fine sand content. During the mining process, the fine silt sand will cause blockage of the gravel sand control medium, resulting in reduced medium permeability, that is, penetration damage. Penetration damage will reduce productivity and affect the long-term effectiveness of gravel. For the penetration damage problem of gravel sand control medium, the sand blocking simulation experiment of different reservoir water content, experimental pressure, and gravel specifications were carried out by self-developed sand blocking experiment system. A laser particle size analyzer and electron microscope were used to measure and observe the deposition of sand particles in the upper, middle, and lower layers of gravel layer after the sand retention experiment. The law of permeation damage and the mechanism of media permeation damage were summarized. The research results show that the blockage of sand control media can be divided into four stages: the beginning of blockage, the intensification of blockage, the dredging of blockage, and the balance of blockage. Reservoir water content, experimental pressure, and gravel size all influence permeability damage of gravel. The primary and secondary relationship of the influence of these factors on permeability damage is gravel size, experimental pressure, and reservoir water content. The pressure mainly affects the invasion depth of reservoir sand. The reservoir water content mainly affects the degree of permeability damage. The optimum particle size median ratio D50/d50 is about 25, and the medium has strong antipermeability damage ability and good sand retaining effect.


Quantum Monte Carlo methods have proved very valuable to study the structure and reactions of light nuclei and nucleonic matter starting from realistic nuclear interactions and currents. These ab-initio calculations reproduce many low-lying states, moments and transitions in light nuclei, and simultaneously predict many properties of light nuclei and neutron matter over a rather wide range of energy and momenta. We review the nuclear interactions and currents, and describe the continuum Quantum Monte Carlo methods used in nuclear physics. These methods are similar to those used in condensed matter and electronic structure but naturally include spin-isospin, tensor, spin-orbit, and three-body interactions. We present a variety of results including the low-lying spectra of light nuclei, nuclear form factors, and transition matrix elements. We also describe low-energy scattering techniques, studies of the electroweak response of nuclei relevant in electron and neutrino scattering, and the properties of dense nucleonic matter as found in neutron stars. A coherent picture of nuclear structure and dynamics emerges based upon rather simple but realistic interactions and currents.


We study a non-stationary electronic wave packet in a quantized electromagnetic field. Generally, the electron and field become entangled as the electronic wave packet evolves. Here we find that, when the initial photon state is a coherent one, the wavefunction of the system can be factorized if we neglect the transferred photon number. In this case, the quantized-field calculation is equivalent to the semi-classical calculation.


This study focuses on the relationship between gender, students' needs and the physical form of schoolyards. It investigates whether and how the needs of both male and female students influence the physical form of schoolyards in Palestine, as a Middle Eastern country. The aim is to develop a better theoretical understanding of the relationship between the students' needs based on their gender, and the physical form of schoolyards. The study follows an environmental approach, which is based on the concept of behavioural setting, to analyse the physical form of schoolyards in relation to students' needs.  For the validity of results, both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative approaches (observations, interviews with planners, and school principals, mental maps drawn by students) are used.   Different techniques, such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), ethnographic (cultural) techniques, photos and written notes are used. The study finds that the components of the physical form of schoolyards (design, use and rules) are influenced by gender, particularly the design components.  There are differences between design, use and rules components of females' schoolyards and males' schoolyards.  These differences are due to differences between needs of female and male students in schoolyards.  Therefore, the study recommends that the components of schoolyards should support different needs of both male and female students.


At present, smooth movement on the roads is a matter which is needed for each user. Many roads, especially in urban areas geometrically improved because of the number of vehicles increase from time to time.
In this research, Highway capacity software, HCS, 2000, will be adopted to determine the effectiveness of roundabout in terms of capacity of roundabout, delay and level of service of roundabout.
The results of the analysis indicated that the Ahmed Urabi roundabout operates under level of service F with an average control delay of 300 seconds per vehicle during the peak hours.
The through movements of Alkarrada- Aljadiriya direction (Major Direction) represent the heaviest traffic volumes in Ahmed Urabi intersection. The use of underpass to serve the through movements in Alkarrada-Aljadiriya direction will lead to release the traffic volume in the Ahmed Urabi intersection with a rate 51 % .After the adoption of the proposed geometric design, it will operate at LOS B in the design year (2037). The proposed circulatory roadway width for the roundabout is 16m and the required number of lanes equal to three lanes for each side of the underpass and four lanes for all the approaches of the roundabout.


This article focuses on the reasons for both increasing attention to Eurasian ideology among political and scientific circles in Russia and the Chinese interest in Central Asia. Given a realistic paradigm, the authors analyzed aspects of Russian and Chinese foreign policy in the context of strengthening their influence in the region. Based on traditional values the ideology of Eurasianism is considered as a basis of Russia's foreign policy in Central Asia. The authors paid attention to an analysis of the effectiveness of the Russian concept of Eurasianism and the Chinese initiative "the Belt and Road Initiative", reminiscent of the Silk Road, in Central Asia. The paper covers theoretical-analytical and systemic-historical methods that offered an opportunity both to analyze the approaches of Russia and China to strengthen their influence in Central Asia and to examine the possibilities and contradictions of cooperation between Russia and China in Central Asia. The authors consider an interface among the EAEU and "the Belt and Road Initiative" as an opportunity to increase the efficiency of Russian-Chinese interaction, to create significant benefits to the countries in the Central Asia, and to expand the Russian and Chinese presence in the region. The authors pointed out the strengths and weaknesses of Russia and China in their interaction with the countries of Central Asia. Although Russia enjoys significant advantages, China is strengthening its presence in the region by its investments. The main hypothesis of this article is that the interface among the EAEU and "the Belt and Road Initiative" initiatives may curb competition between Russia and China in Central Asia, but the authors do not rule out the Shanghai scenario, which demonstrates a gradual strengthening of China's position.


We developed forecasting models based on the advanced statistical (stochastic) and soft computing (computational intelligence) techniques for predicting high frequency data sets. Firstly, we used the standard statistical tools such as the autocorrelation/partial autocorrelation function, clustering, etc. to identify the chunks of information that are deemed essential for knowledge representation. Afterwards, (1) we proposed statistical methods to identify the relationship between the information granules; (2) based on the platform of granular or soft computing (G or SC) we developed and formal expressed the underlying mechanisms (models) that generate the observed data and, in turn, to forecast future values of the investigated process in managerial decision-making. The proposed intelligent approach is applied to the time series of USD/EUR exchange rates. We found that it is possible to achieve significant risk reduction in managerial decision-making by applying intelligent forecasting models based on the latest information technologies. We show that statistical GARCH-class models can identify the presence of the leverage effect and to react to the good and bad news. In a comparative study is shown, that both presented modeling approaches are able to model and predict high frequency data with reasonable accuracy, but the neural network approach is more effective and accurate. Index Terms - ARIMA/ARCH/GARCH models, forecast accuracy, soft computing, RBF neural networks.


Patriotism remains one of fundamental bases of spiritual existence of society. Attitude toward patriotism lately experiences an original renaissance. Most modern states create new strategies of the patriotic thinking purposefully. In the field of spiritual post-soviet countries also there are difficult processes of the patriotic updating. In the conditions of military opposition of Ukraine and Russian Federation there is a necessity of comparison of patriotic strategies of these countries and determination of their descriptions. Modern Russia actively uses the selective and manipulate (subjective and fragmentary) method of integration of population on patriotic basis. Essence of this method consists in an arbitrary selection the ruling subject of advantageous historical events, facts, person. On the next stage there is their combining in a kind that cannot coincide with historical objectivity. By means of propagandist technologies these spiritual constructions are to majority of population. On such basis legitimity of the ruling mode is provided, the margin of his safety is needed. As an example, it follows to specify on the hypertrophied laudation of fact of victory of the USSR above Hitler Germany in Great Patriotic war 1941-1945 Term «Second World War of 1939-1945»., what means the objective necessity of confession of other states and people forces that also won over fascism, - practically not used the Russian propagandists. A main merit in elimination of the «Third Reich» is added to Russia. As a result, victory over fascism purchased the sacral lines of «new-religion», worship it is been that by the obligatory moment of demonstration of civil maturity and political loyalty of the Russian citizens. As consider in Kremlin, by means of similar «patriotic injections» a necessary imperiously-state effect is attained. On the wave of artificial presentation of spiritual energy of millions of Russians on the basis of the military thinking the conditional «gene of invincibility» is mortgaged in their consciousness. His essence is taken to the following: destroying (to put on knees) Russia is impossible, but Russia is able to win over any external force. Thus character of enemy is the inalienable element of similar patriotic ersatzes. The «unprofitable» pages of Second World War from the serve of the ruling mode are practically suppressed. In modern Russia military historical themes that are not written into the Kremlin canvas of motion of Great Patriotic war do not sound practically. In the counterbalance of Russia, in Ukraine gradually far more difficult integration-pluralism based model of forming of patriotism that is based on necessity of integral perception of historical process, but not discrete combining, becomes firmly established him separate fragments. Individual and collective attempts to unite patriotic traditions of all periods of national creation of the state come true. In Ukraine fundamentally speech does not go about humiliation of other countries and people on the basis of the politically conditioned historical manipulations, the anymore about criminal pursuit those, who thinks differently. Ukrainians study to apply the chain of spiritual transformations, unthinkable in modern Russia: memory - oblivion - forgiveness. Lately in spiritual space of Ukraine the new going was designated fundamentally near perception of historical events that for one are the standard of patriotism, for other - by the display of treacherous. There is more balanced attitude toward a historical inheritance in the conditions of absence of living eyewitnesses of past events, understanding of Ukraine as spiritual force that assumes different interpretations of the essence. The article of deep study in Ukrainian spiritual realities all anymore European experience becomes overcoming of antagonism situations, basis of that is different interpretation of the historical past. Speech goes about an exit from the armed conflicts (former Yugoslavia, North Ireland), overcoming of consequences of disintegration of the authoritarian modes (Centrally-East, South Europe), higher position of contemporaries above the bilateral conflicts of ХХ of century (England / Ireland, Germany / Czech Republic, Germany / Poland, Poland / Ukraine, Italy / Slovenia / Croatia, Greece / Turkey and others like that). Western scientists establish honestly, that Europe is through pierced by tracks of old intergovernmental and international conflicts. Their re-activating is always possible. As counteraction, there is a far of different mechanisms of taking into account of «sickly» past-situations and their localizations. Such mechanisms are multilateral experience and historically-searching groups, general publications, actions of reconciliation and forgiveness, special museum measures, collective operating on an international scene in the formats of EU, OSCE, other European institutes. As a result, it follows to specify on modern Europe as world continent that the previous geopolitical title of «detonator of two world wars» was able to deny purposeful efforts of the states and civil associations. Ukraine approaches the European understanding of patriotism gradually. However to forming of strategy of patriotic education of citizens of Ukraine in modern political and cultural terms the phenomenon of «dichotomy of the Ukrainian national identity» prevents substantially. He means that in formally single state space  two Ukraines are presented: а) Ukraine that broke off with a Russianimperial and soviet inheritance in an institutional, cultural, psychological, civilization (European) plan; b) Ukraine as continuation of soviet Ukraine, part of the mythologized Russian world. Between these versions of Ukraine - fundamentally different historical approaches, cultural symbols, valued orientations. Double nature of national consciousness is a main threat to existence of integral independent Ukraine that must be overcame.


Contemporary randomised trials of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) demonstrate no difference between patients treated with a conservative or invasive strategy with respect to all-cause mortality or myocardial infarction, although trials lack power to test for individual endpoints and long-term follow-up data are needed. Open-label trials consistently show greater improvement in symptoms and quality of life among patients with stable angina treated with PCI. Further studies are awaited to clarify this finding. In patients with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and obstructive coronary artery disease in the Revascularization for Ischemic Ventricular Dysfunction trial, PCI has not been found to improve all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalisation or recovery of LV function when compared with medical therapy. PCI was, however, performed without additional hazard and so remains a treatment option when there are favourable patient characteristics. The majority of patients reported no angina, and the low burden of angina in many of the randomised PCI trials is a widely cited limitation. Despite contentious evidence, elective PCI for CCS continues to play a significant role in UK clinical practice. While PCI for urgent indications has more than doubled since 2006, the rate of elective PCI remains unchanged. PCI remains an important strategy when symptoms are not well controlled, and we should maximise its value with appropriate patient selection. In this review, we provide a framework to assist in critical interpretation of findings from most recent trials and meta-analysis evidence.


Lucy Hutchinson (1620–1681) and Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), prolific writers from the seventeenth century, came of age in one of the most difficult times in British history. Blair Worden, an eminent historian, writes, "The political upheaval of the mid-seventeenth century has no parallel in English history," and none of the previous conflicts "has been so far-reaching, or has disrupted so many lives for so long, or has so imprinted itself on the nation's memory" (2009, p. 1). Hutchinson and her husband, John, were on the side of the parliamentarians in the Civil War while Cavendish and her husband, William, were stout royalists. Instead of showing aggressive stances against their enemies, Hutchinson and Cavendish engaged expansively in a language of empathizing with the enemy in order to lessen the extreme partisanship of that period. Focusing specifically on Hutchinson's Memoirs of the Life of Colonel John Hutchinson, and Cavendish's Sociable Letters, among other writings, I argue that during the political impasse which characterized the English Civil War writings, the perspectives advanced by Hutchinson and Cavendish highlight the valuation of human life regardless of political allegiance, augmenting the odds for peaceful co-existence, in which empathy is foregrounded over, and at times alongside, loss and agony as a result of the Civil War aftermath. Suzanne Keen's groundbreaking research in Empathy and The Novel draws upon examples from the Victorian period to illustrate her understanding of empathy, but she also states that "I feel sure they also pertain to the hopes of authors in earlier periods as well" (2007, p. 142), which is a position taken wholeheartedly in this article. Using a cognitive literary approach where authorial empathic constructions are analyzed, Hutchinson's and Cavendish's closely read texts portray an undeniable level of commiseration with the enemy with the goal of abating violence and increasing cooperation and understanding.


A theoretical analysis of a Monte Carlo (MC) method for the simulation of the diffusion-growth of helium clusters in materials is presented. This analysis is based on an assumption that the diffusion-growth process consists of first stage, during which the clusters diffuse freely, and second stage in which the coalescence occurs with certain probability. Since the accuracy of MC simulation results is sensitive to the coalescence probability, the MC calculations in the second stage is studied in detail. Firstly, the coalescence probability is analytically formulated for the one-dimensional diffusion-growth case. Thereafter, the one-dimensional results are employed to justify the MC simulation. The choice of time step and the random number generator used in the MC simulation are discussed.


Ozer O., Saricoban C . (2010): The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol on some quality characteristics of mechanically deboned chicken patty during freeze storage. Czech J. Food Sci., 28: 150–160. In this study, the effects were evaluated of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ascorbic acid (AA) and α-tocopherol (TO) on the stability of raw mechanically deboned chicken patties stored at –20°C for 6 months. pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), haem iron (mg/kg), metmyoglobin formation (%) and colour ( L*, a*, b*, C* and h values) of patties were measured for 0, 2, 4, and 6 months of storage time. pH values were found to be the highest in the initial storage period. TBARS values were observed to range between 0.33 and 2.40 mg malondialdehyde/kg of sample and the L*, a*, and b* values of the patty samples during the storage period were found to range between 38.14 and 49.52, 9.01 and 20.87, and 7.28 and 14.62, respectively. The haem iron and metmyoglobin contents were found to range be tween 8.39 and 10.87 mg/kg and 19.26% and 45.91%, respectively. As a result, it is suggested that L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol can be added into chicken patty samples in view of the storage quality parameters mentioned above.


Mycobactin S has been isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis and from Mycobacterium sp. Olitzky & Gershon, strain 2, and mycobactin H from M. thermoresistible; all three organisms were grown on synthetic media of low iron content. These two mycobactins are mixtures of compounds having the same nucleus but differing in their fatty side chains. The nucleus of mycobactin S has a chemical structure identical with that of mycobactin T but differs in the optical configuration at the beta-carbon atom of the hydroxy acid fragment; the configuration in mycobactin S is S whereas that in mycobactin T is R (the previous assignment of this configuration was incorrect). The cobactin fragment of mycobactin H is identical with that of mycobactin S, but the mycobactic acid moiety differs in having methyl groups at position 6 in the benzene ring and at position 5 in the oxazoline ring. The configurations of all the asymmetric centres have been established for both mycobactins. Improved and simplified methods for the extraction and purification of mycobactins are described.


Today when we think of trophies, we either think of the golden ones on shelves or the animal ones that hunters collect. This research began with the question of how ethical is it for a farmer to kill an endangered animal to protect their livelihood, and from there, the question became how ethical is it for a hunter to collect animal trophies. Why would a hunter be allowed to take trophies and how is a golden trophy similar to an animal one? Looking at the definition according to the Oxford English Dictionary, and how it is defined now, led to the examples of lynching trophies, relics, heirlooms, and serial killer mementos, and how the word changed overtime. Different examples are used to show how the definition and examples have changed and how a power complex was created. The power complex is shown through the person having the trophy and the story they tell with it, whether it be an animal, a golden award, or something else. This is a problem as whole lives, and history itself, can be changed through one story; a story that changed the truth of who held the power.


Notwithstanding the relevance of teacher cognition inquiries, which has already become a tradition in our field, and exploration made to the many covert aspects of second language (L2) teachers' pedagogical thought processes, previous research has not fully taken vocabulary as a curricular area into account from L2 teachers' frame of reference. This inquiry sought to investigate vocabulary teaching approaches and challenges in some Iranian high schools from L2 teachers' perspectives thorough a basic qualitative research design in which a multiple qualitative data collection methods has been employed. Participants were purposefully selected and data collected through this method has been the foundation for the ensuing and interpretation. Findings indicate that although participants possessed a good deal of knowledge about English language teaching in general and vocabulary instruction in particular, approaches they employed to teach vocabulary are not in congruence with their real beliefs and do not essentially include any metacognitive and socio-affective strategies. However, major problems L2 teachers face with in vocabulary teaching are identified to be either related to the educational system or to the contextual factors.


The recent media focus on Smart City services, particularly ride sharing, that provide ordinary users with the ability to advertise their resources has highlighted society's need for transparent and accountable systems. Current systems offer little transparency behind their processes that claim to provide accountability to and for their users. To address such a concern, some applications provide a static, textual description of the automated algorithms used, with a view to promote transparency. However, this is not sufficient to inform users exactly how information is derived. These descriptions can be enhanced by explaining the actual execution of the algorithm, the data it operated on, and the parameters it was configured with. Such descriptions about a system's execution and its information flow can be expressed using PROV, a standardised provenance data model. However, given its generic and domain-agnostic nature, PROV only provides limited information about the relationship between provenance elements. Combined with semantic information, a PROV instance becomes a rich resource, which can be exploited to provide users with understandable accounts of automated processes, thereby promoting transparency and accountability. Thus, this paper contributes, a vocabulary for Smart City resource sharing applications, an architecture for accountable systems, and a set of use cases that demonstrate and quantify how the semantics enrich an account in a ride share scenario.


A risk assessment was conducted for the substitution of HFC-32/134a (30nO), a marginally flammable HFC blend, for HCFC-22 in mini-split air conditioners in Japanese residences. The results suggest that such a change would cause a very small increase in the risk of fires. Predicted incidences of fires are extremely low during operation or idle, and slightly greater during servicing. Risks during servicing can be reduced through proper training and enhanced regulations on venting. Modification of this analysis to consider ducted central air conditioners, commonly used in American homes, should be considered, since typical American systems use a different design concept, contain a substantially larger charge, and are used in a different envirorunent DISCLAIMER This paper was prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. The material in it reflects Arthur D. Little's best judgment in light of the information available to it at the time of preparation. The data given within the paper are for illustration only and should not be used without the context of the full report. Arthur D. Little accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any party as a result of decisions made or actions taken based on this paper. INTRODUCTION Concerns about ozone depletion and global warming from chlorine-containing refrigerants such as HCFC-22, which is used in the vast majority of air conditioners in the world, have led to the development of several alternatives, such as HFC407C, HFC-410A, and HFC-410B. All have drawbacks, including reduced efficiency or a requirement for major compressor and system redesign. One other possibility is HFC-32/134a (30nO wt % ), a blend which offers similar efficiency to HCFC-22, with limited requirements for system redesign. Although substances like HFC-32/134a (30nO) are flammable by currently accepted laboratory testing standards, their actual safety risks in real-world applications may be acceptably low. This paper describes the process and results of a risk assessment of HFC-32/134a (30nO) in residential mini-split air conditioners. A fault tree analysis was conducted to estimate the frequency of fires or explosions that could result from substituting HFC32/134a (30nO) for HCFC-22 in a ductless, mini-split air conditioner. This design is the most common type of air conditioner in Japan, where typical annual production is between 6 and 8 million units. It is also widely used elsewhere in Asia and in Europe, and in smaller numbers in the U.S. Ducted central systems are typically used to cool several rooms in American homes, while Japanese homes are usually cooled by several mini-splits. The assessment was based on a typical Japanese home design, and although American homes are quite different, the final results would be expected to be similar. Full scale room testing of HFC-32/134a in various blend compositions, as well as pure HFC-32, was conducted to validate the fault tree model and provide some of the data. This testing is described in further detail in the accompanying paper from Daikin Industries, Ltd, entitled, "Flammability Evaluation of HFC-32 and HFC-32/134a Under Practical Operating Conditions." Additional small scale testing of various ignition sources was conducted to determine whether these common sources could ignite the blend under optimum conditions for ignition and is also described in that paper. FLAMMABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HFC-32 AND HFC-32/134a HFC-32/134a is a zeotropic blend, so the composition of the liquid and vapor vary from the nominal composition depending on operating conditions, temperature, and leak rate. Since HFC-32 has a higher vapor pressure than HFC-134a. the concentration of HFC-32 is higher in the saturated vapor phase than in the saturated liquid phase. The concentration of HFC-32 in the vapor increases as the ambient temperature decreases. Since HFC-32 is flammable and HFC-l34a is nonflammable, the blend becomes more hazardous as the temperature decreases.


In this work, we address the problem of transmitting JPEG compressed image over a lossy network. We introduce a combination of block level Triangular Interleaving Scheme (TRII), and Variable and Selective Forward Error Correction scheme (VS-FEC) to make the transmitted data more resilient while using the network bandwidth more efficiently in the presence of bursty losses. Our results show that TRII barely affects the final compression ratio of the transmitted image (on the average just 4% below JPEG), while considerably increases its resilience to errors. Also, in the presence of losses, a new scheme is introduced to dynamically add a variable FEC to avoid retransmission of the lost data. Small amount of FEC overhead was needed (4%, versus 10%-15% in constant FEC) to be at least 90% sure on the average that the protected information will not be damaged during transmission.


Editor—The genetic causes of mental retardation are still largely unknown so that about 34% of cases of severe to moderate and 80% of mild mental retardation remain unresolved.1 ,2 Consequently, genetic counselling is difficult in these cases. Chromosomal rearrangements are still the most frequent cause of mental retardation and cytogenetic analysis at 400-550 band resolution cannot detect rearrangements smaller than 5 Mb. Therefore, any new technologies to improve cytogenetic analysis would be of great benefit. In recent years, there has been evidence that the cause of 6-7% of mental retardation involves subtle chromosome rearrangements.

Several molecular methodologies have been used successfully to investigate the integrity of telomeres, such as hypervariable polymorphisms (HVPs), FISH, and CGH, while others based on DNA array approaches are being developed.2 The choice of method rests on considerations of feasibility, cost, reproducibility, and sensitivity. FISH and microsatellite analyses are the techniques most commonly used by numerous laboratories and both of them are still being evaluated in terms of their performance and practicability. FISH based analysis with telomeric specific probes provides a simultaneous investigation of all chromosomes ends, resulting in total detection of chromosome rearrangements without requiring the examination of parental chromosomes.3-5 However, this method does not assign parental origin, it loses UPD events, and only gives information regarding abnormalities spanning the probe's DNA region. Although now simplified by being available in kit form, the method not only requires considerable expertise in molecular cytogenetics, but is also expensive and time consuming.

HVP analysis using microsatellites, which is both easy and inexpensive, has two main problems, as it requires both parental DNA samples and high informativeness, established by the number and frequencies of alleles. However, even for highly heterozygous loci ≅0.8, the detection rate for monosomy and trisomy is 0.64 and 0.5, …


Malcolm Chisholm was one of the most creative and distinguished inorganic chemists of his generation. He was particularly renowned for his chemistry of compounds containing multiple metal–metal bonds and for showing how they could give insights into catalysis or be used in functional materials. Very early in his independent career he reported the remarkable compounds M2X6, with M = molybdenum or tungsten and X = alkoxide or dialkylamide, which contain metal–metal triple bonds, and his group showed how they could activate organic compounds in unusual ways, often with changes in the metal–metal bond order. He was a master of synthetic chemistry, but he also made notable discoveries in theory, spectroscopy and catalysis. Personally, he was outgoing, friendly and fun-loving. He was faithful and supportive of his family, students, colleagues and his many friends around the globe, and took great pleasure in their successes.


The molecular basis for the embryonic and perinatal clinical forms of biliary atresia is largely undefined. In this study, we aimed to: 1) determine if the clinical forms can be differentiated at the transcriptional level, and 2) search for molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences. To this end, we generated biotinylated cRNA probes from livers of age‐matched infants with the embryonic (n = 5) and perinatal (n = 6) forms of biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis and hybridized them against the Affymetrix human HG‐U133 A and B microarrays containing 44,760 gene products. Data filtering and two‐way cluster analysis of the gene expression platform identified 230 genes with an expression profile that is highly distinctive of the clinical phenotypes. Functionally, the profile did not reveal a higher‐order function for a specific cell type; instead, it uncovered a coordinated expression of regulatory genes. These regulatory genes were predominantly represented in the embryonic form (45% of genes), with a unique pattern of expression of genes involved in chromatin integrity/function (Smarca‐1, Rybp, and Hdac3) and the uniform overexpression of five imprinted genes (Igf2, Peg3, Peg10, Meg3, and IPW), implying a failure to downregulate embryonic gene programs. In conclusion, embryonic and perinatal forms of biliary atresia are distinguished by gene expression profiling. The coordinate expression of regulators of chromatin structure/function and of imprinted genes provides evidence for a transcriptional basis for the pathogenesis of the embryonic form of biliary atresia. Further studies exploring these biological processes are required to determine the significance of these findings. Supplementary material for this article can be found at http://genet.cchmc.org. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:954–962.)


There are alternative definitions of vulnerability to poverty. Most researchers prefer to define vulnerability to poverty as the probability of a household or individual falling into poverty in the future. Based on this definition and using household survey panel data from rural China, this paper attempts to assess the extent to which we can measure vulnerability to poverty. The assessment is based on comparisons between estimated vulnerability and actually observed poverty. The authors find that the precision of estimation, first, varies depending on the vulnerability line; their results suggest setting the line at 50% in order to improve predictive power. Second, precision depends on how permanent income is estimated. Assuming log-normal distribution of future income, it is preferable to use past weighted average income as an estimate of permanent income rather than using regressions to gauge permanent income. Third, estimation precision depends on the chosen poverty line. The percentage of overlap between households estimated to be vulnerable and those actually poor rises when a higher poverty line of US$2 is used instead of US$1.


Ethnodrama combined with Goffman's 'presentation of self' is used to explore three elite swimmers' 'presentation of self' in relation to the dominant ideology of 'slim to win'. The 'presentation of self' of three swimmers is presented and analyzed according to their front stage (e.g., posting of specific images; direct media quotes) and backstage (e.g., an autoethnographic representation) performances. Goffman's concepts of expressions 'given' and 'given off' are used to highlight how the ideology comes to be presented to others and whether the swimmer negotiates and/or contests it. As an analysis and representation, ethnodrama affords the opportunity to reveal the extent an athlete may go to to avoid a failing 'presentation of self' in relation to 'slim to win,' highlighting potential health effects (e.g., physical, emotional).


Methimazole-induced agranulocytosis is a rare, but critical side effect that should be recognized as soon as possible since it may induce a life-threatening condition when it was overlooked. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is also called Kikuchi's lymphadenitis, and this is a rare form of lymphadenitis with a self-limited clinical course and this illness is accompanied by cervical lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. We recently experienced a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and Graves' disease, and this was accompanied by Kikuchi's disease; the patient presented with sore throat and multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report on methimazole-induced agranulocytosis combined with Kikuchi's disease. Therefore, we report here on this very rare case along with a brief review of the relevant literature. (J Korean Endocr Soc 23:420~424, 2008) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ


Analytical electron microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the structural and chemical properties of magnetic materials with high spatial resolution. This is illustrated by results from two specific examples. Firstly, we show that while the MnPt layer in CoFe/MnPt exchange biased bilayers transforms from the non-magnetic fcc phase to the magnetic fct phase during annealing, the annealed MnPt layers also exhibit an undesirable increase in grain complexity. Secondly, we use electron energy loss spectroscopy to obtain elemental profiles in spin tunnel junctions being developed for MRAM application. In particular, we use the near edge fine structure present on the O K-edge to separate the signals from the AlOx barrier layer and other oxides present in the sample.


Reconstructions of past temperature and precipitation are fundamental to modeling the Greenland Ice Sheet and assessing its sensitivity to climate. Paleoclimate information is sourced from proxy records and climate-model simulations; however, the former are spatially incomplete while the latter are sensitive to model dynamics and boundary conditions. Efforts to combine these sources of information to reconstruct spatial patterns of Greenland climate over glacial– interglacial cycles have been limited by assumptions of fixed spatial patterns and a restricted use of proxy data. We avoid these limitations by using paleoclimate data assimilation to create independent reconstructions of mean-annual temperature and precipitation for the last 20 000 years. Our method uses oxygen isotope ratios of ice and accumulation rates from long ice-core records and extends this information to all locations across Greenland using spatial relationships derived from a transient climate-model simulation. Standard evaluation metrics for this method show that our results capture climate at locations without ice-core records. Our results differ from previous work in the reconstructed spatial pattern of temperature change during abrupt climate transitions; this indicates a need for additional proxy data and additional transient climate-model simulations. We investigate the relationship between precipitation and temperature, finding that it is frequency dependent and spatially variable, suggesting that thermodynamic scaling methods commonly used in icesheet modeling are overly simplistic. Our results demonstrate that paleoclimate data assimilation is a useful tool for reconstructing the spatial and temporal patterns of past climate on timescales relevant to ice sheets.