Abstract Passive microwave sensors have produced a 35 year record of sea-ice concentration variability and change. Operational analyses combine a variety of remote-sensing inputs and other sources via manual integration to create high-resolution, accurate charts of ice conditions in support of navigation and operational forecast models. One such product is the daily Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent (MASIE). The higher spatial resolution along with multiple input data and manual analysis potentially provide more precise mapping of the ice edge than passive microwave estimates. However, since MASIE is based on an operational product, estimates may be inconsistent over time due to variations in input data quality and availability. Comparisons indicate that MASIE shows higher Arctic-wide extent values throughout most of the year, largely because of the limitations of passive microwave sensors in some conditions (e.g. surface melt). However, during some parts of the year, MASIE tends to indicate less ice than estimated by passive microwave sensors. These comparisons yield a better understanding of operational and research sea-ice data products; this in turn has important implications for their use in climate and weather models.


The World Wide Web offers the potential for comprehensive shared access of reliable and valid health information and educational resources; hence a major step towards enriching pharmacy education. However, educators and students must now consider web site information that may change, move, expire and disappear with no record. Also, many web sites lack key indicators of quality such as the source of the material presented, authorship, or how current the information is. In a sense, these issues may be viewed as major "steps backward" toward using web-based information to enrich education. Although no comprehensive, organized strategy exists to ensure high quality and availability of web sites at all times, several initiatives exist to assist viewers in dealing with web site disappearance and evaluating the quality of information presented. Awareness of these issues is necessary for the World Wide Web to be useful as a valid information and educational resource.


JS is a highly able, well-educated 37 year old man with Asperger syndrome. A recent qualitative paper (Boucher, 2007) described his self-report of verbal and visual memory difficulties. The present paper used the WMS-III to compare the memory profile of JS to that of the adults with HFA in the Williams et al. (2005) WMS-III paper. Results show that JS's self-report of his memory difficulties can by and large be supported, that JS's memory performance is at the lower end of the group examined in the Williams et al. (2005) paper, and that, unlike the group profile in Williams et al. (2005), JS shows reduced performance on both verbal and visual measures of memory. A qualitative analysis of JS's performance raises the possibility that JS is using language to retain details he can generalize over, as a compensatory strategy for some reductions in episodic memory.


Fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitro-m-tolyl) phosphorothionate] and deltamethrin [(S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenyl(1R,3R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] in formulations sprayed on the surface of natural water in the laboratory disappeared from water far faster than formulations injected below the surface of the water. Half-lives of disappearance from surface-sprayed water were less than 2.5 h, compared to 5-60 days for disappearance from subsurface-injected water. Analyses of air filters showed that the disappearance from surface-sprayed samples was due in large part to volatilization, which accounted for at least 70% of the pesticide lost from water. The results correlate well with those from earlier field studies of directly sprayed ponds and indicate that volatilization from the surface microlayer is the major dissipation process for these pesticides sprayed on natural waters.


An iterative pilot-aided channel estimation technique for space-frequency block coded (SFBC) multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is proposed. Traditionally, when channel estimation techniques are utilised, the SFBC information signals are decoded one block at a time. In the proposed algorithm, multiple blocks of SFBC information signals are decoded simultaneously. The proposed channel estimation method can thus significantly reduce the amount of time required to decode information signals compared to similar channel estimation methods proposed in the literature. The proposed method is based on the maximum likelihood approach that offers linearity and simplicity of implementation. An expression for the pairwise error probability (PEP) is derived based on the estimated channel. The derived PEP is then used to determine the optimal power allocation for the pilot sequence. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in high frequency selective channels, for different number of pilot symbols, using different modulation schemes. The algorithm is also tested under different levels of Doppler shift and for different number of transmit and receive antennas. The results show that the proposed scheme minimises the error margin between slow and high speed receivers compared to similar channel estimation methods in the literature.


Although metabolomics has attracted considerable attention in the field of lung cancer (LC) detection and management, only a very limited number of works have applied it to tissues. As such, the aim of this study was the thorough analysis of metabolic profiles of relevant LC tissues, including the most important histological subtypes (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma). Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics, along with genetic expression and histological analyses, were performed as part of this study, the widest to date, to identify metabolic alterations in tumors of the most relevant histological subtypes in lung. A total of 136 lung tissue samples were analyzed and 851 metabolites were identified through metabolomic analysis. Our data show the existence of a clear metabolic alteration not only between tumor vs. nonmalignant tissue in each patient, but also inherently intrinsic changes in both AC and SCC. Significant changes were observed in the most relevant biochemical pathways, and nucleotide metabolism showed an important number of metabolites with high predictive capability values. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the metabolomic changes taking place in relevant biochemical pathways of the most important histological subtypes of LC, which can be used as biomarkers and also to identify novel targets.


In this work, we have shown that the ionospheric azimuthal plasma velocity jets near the open-closed field line boundary on the nightside can be associated with the peak in the ionospheric conductivity gradient. Both model and DMSP observations have been utilized to conduct this in- vestigation. The model tests show that when the gradient of conductivity in the poleward boundary becomes sharper, convection peaks appear around the poleward edge of the au- rora. The model results have been confirmed by DMSP ob- servations. Hundreds of large ion flow events are identified from one year DMSP observations, with flow speed larger than 500 m/s that occurred poleward of the aurora. Among them, 280 (74%) events are found to be associated with con- ductivity gradient peaks. Most of the convection jets occur in winter when conductivity gradients are expected to be large. The convection jets tend to occur at later local times (21:00- 22:00 MLT) at 70 -72 MLat. These events are preceded by increasing of the merging electric field suggesting that they occur after the expansion of the polar cap. Both observation and model results show that the conductivity gradient at the polar cap boundary are one of the important elements in es- tablishing the convection jets.


A scheme is presented for remote state preparation of three-particle GHZclass states by using a Bell state and an asymmetric W state as the quantum channel. In the scheme, the success probability of preparation and classical communication cost are calculated. In general, Bob can successfully prepare the initial state with the probability 1/4 and consume 1/4 classical bits. However, in special situations the success probability of preparation can reach 1/2 or even 1 after consuming a little additional classical bits. PACS: 03.67.Hk, 03.67.-a, 03.65.-w 9


Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is common among dialysis patients. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for the leading cause of mortality in dialysis patients, and PAD has been found as a predictor for cardiovascular as well as overall mortality in general population. However, the study on the role of PAD in the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis patients is rather limited. Methods: Prevalent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients over 60 years old were recruited in this study and were followed-up regularly to death or the end of the study. The diagnosis of PAD was based on ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) < 0.9 or intermittent claudication. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the risk factors for cardiovascular and overall mortality. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method followed by log-rank test to compare the mortality rate between PAD and non-PAD patients. Results: One hundred and seventy-one patients were included and 62 (36%) had PAD complication. In the follow-up of 24.4 (median 34.6) months, 36 deaths were recorded: 19 from PAD group and 17 from non-PAD group. Twenty-one patients died due to CVD: 13 from PAD group and 8 from non-PAD group. The presence of PAD and serum albumin was found independently associated with cardiovascular and overall mortality using Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusion: PAD is very common in aged peritoneal dialysis patients and independently associated with both cardiovascular and overall mortality.


We portray the evolution of the Covid-19 epidemic during the crisis of March-April 2020 in the Paris area, by analyzing the medical emergency calls received by the EMS of the four central departments of this area (Centre 15 of SAMU 75, 92, 93 and 94). Our study reveals strong dissimilarities between these departments. We show that the logarithm of each epidemic observable can be approximated by a piecewise linear function of time. This allows us to distinguish the different phases of the epidemic, and to identify the delay between sanitary measures and their influence on the load of EMS. This also leads to an algorithm, allowing one to detect epidemic resurgences. We rely on a transport PDE epidemiological model, and we use methods from Perron-Frobenius theory and tropical geometry.


The standard common-midpoint (CMP) stack procedure becomes questionable as soon as varying reflector dips at about the same two-way time (TWT) are involved. There are several ways to handle that problem ranging from pre stack migration to dip moveout (DMO). This paper presents a new alternative which employs the same physical model of the medium that is in common use for migration: scatterers embedded in a known reference velocity field. Provided that backscattering can be described by the (first) Born approximation, it is possible to derive a zero-offset trace from a CMP gather by a procedure that relies entirely on known processing steps like normal moveout (NMO) and stacking.


.FPGA device area is dominated by interconnect, so low-cost FPGA architectures often have reduced interconnect capacity. This limited routing capacity creates a hard channel width constraint that can make it difficult for CAD tools to successfully map a circuit into these devices. Instead of migrating a design to a high-cost, resource-rich architecture that is easier to route, we present a cheaper alternative: a fully automated CAD flow (Un/DoPack) that finds local regions of high interconnect demand and reduces it by spreading out the logic in that region. This is done by introducing whitespace in the form of empty logic elements (LEs) within the configurable logic blocks (CLBs) of the congested region. After spreading, the congested region occupies more routing channels and so obtains access to greater aggregate interconnect capacity. Although this has the side effect of using more CLBs, it has the advantage of lowering peak interconnect demands and making a previously-unroutable circuit routable. We also design a new set of synthetic benchmark circuits that model interconnect variation within a large design. Using these benchmarks, we show that circuits with high interconnect variation require FPGA devices to have large channel widths. However, since congestion of such circuits is localized, Un/DoPack is very good at reducing the peak demands of circuits with high interconnect variation. Our results suggest that even for an average Rent exponent of 0.62 (a modest value), a large variation of this exponent within a design will also require FPGAs to have large channel widths. Thus, it is crucial to study interconnect variation of benchmark circuits when designing low-cost FPGAs. Previous research studying interconnect properties focuses on average Rent exponent values of each design, but we believe new work should study variation as well. For circuits with high interconnect variation, we demonstrate that channel widths can be reduced by up to ~40% with only ~10% increase in area


A field study of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca, was conducted in Arkansas during the summer of 1991. A total of 75 separate sites in 23 counties was visited. Males with their distinctive whistle-like calls were listened for at night at each site. Breeding colonies of Hyla avivoca were found in four of the six major river basins; the study established three new county records. Currently, this species has been documented at 14 sites in 10 counties; in very few situations were the treefrogs locally abundant (voucher specimens deposited in the Arkansas State University Museum of Zoology). Habitat perturbation and reduction by man within the available wetland habitats have undoubtedly contributed to the extirpation of this species frommany potentially-favorable aquatic ecosystems.


Frantz Fanon, in correspondence with Ali Shari'ati, commented on the Iranian sociologist's theology of liberation and affirmed that 'Islam has, more than any other social forces and alternative ideologies, an anticolonial capacity and anti-western character' (Fanon 2015, 543). For both the Martinican and the Iranian, recovery from the alienation and denial of agency caused by the colonial matrix of power was through the affirmation of one's identity. Most importantly, 'identity' required, for the existentialist thinkers, a 'Self' to assert, a capacity for one to understand the world that remained, at its core, immanent, embodied and unmoved by the alienation caused by the project of modernity/coloniality. In this paper, I argue that the 'ontologicidal' push of this project was given effect through the technologies and modes of operation of international law, a Eurocentric normative pattern of social/inter-social relations. The underlying claim I put forward is the ethical failure of the Eurocentric world-system centered on the structure and technologies of international law.

I will argue that the concept of sovereignty had, in the context of the rise of the late 19th and early 20th century Islamicate nation-states, a modular and relative value, or a structural pattern that was based on Eurocentric premises. My proposition is that this specific conception of sovereign power and its afferent principles (such as, for example, the principles of secularism and later that of permanent sovereignty over natural resources, which I will not have time to explore in this piece) furthered the European modern/colonial project by integrating a form of Orientalism in the project of international law. This project then instituted an international legal 'common sense', a 'hubris of point zero' (Castro-Gomez 2005) that presented the European experience as the only possible ground for the establishment of 'equal' relations between polities, or quite literally, a standard of civilization. I will finally propose that legal Orientalism, the medium of this misrecognition of the Other, can be destabilized through the resurgence of a Muslim subjectivity.


Abstract Climate and tectonics effect the fluvial evolution of the Mediterranean Mut basin. The basin contains a river terrace staircase of 16 levels (T16–T1) ranging from 365 to 10 m above the current Göksu River in its middle and lower sections. These river terraces records tectonic uplift in the Mut basin. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the fluvial sediments of the youngest terrace (T16) provides a chronology for the assessment of the important impacts of climatic changes. The ages from the youngest river terrace deposits in T16 may be subdivided into two intervals: (1) 239–194.7 ka during the later part of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7, implying that the aggradation of T16 started in (the final phase of) this warm period; and (2) 187.9–171 ka during much of MIS 6. Thus, it appears that the Göksu River continued depositing sediment from an interglacial into a glacial time. The differences in climate-driven fluvial evolution between this Mediterranean fluvial system and the classical, well-studied temperate–periglacial river systems in Europe may be the result of different vegetation cover and greater thaw of more intense snowfalls.


Otakar Zich (1879–1934) is a striking figure in modern czech aesthetics and art theory. A gifted librettist and opera composer and a professor at Charles University in Prague, his place in the history of aesthetics is still controversial. His Aesthetics of Dramatic Art (Estetika dramatického umění [1931]) came out at a time of paradigmatic change in the humanities (the emergence in the 1930s of functional structuralism through the Prague linguistic circle). Also, it was only in the 1930s that the Czech theatrical avant-garde got into full swing. Zich's work apparently "fell short" both of the new scientific paradigm, imposed by the tandem of Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) and Jan Mukařovský (1891–1975), and of the expectations of the students of theater coming from Mukařovský's seminars, some of them already distinguished avant-garde directors (Veltruský 67). Zich's untimely death precluded the development of his project, as well as fruitful debate about it. Mukařovský, as Zich'fs protégé, felt obliged to address the work of his mentor, but his early semiotic reading was avowedly partial and tentative and barely concealed his puzzlement. This marginal inclusion in the new paradigm without real assimilation left Zich's complex and comprehensive undertaking out in the cold.


Immortal products are updated and upgraded to go from application to application and, in so doing, to extend their life as long as possible. Designing such products is the key to a sustainable society from the circular economy perspective. It is a new way of designing that must be supported by engineering tools to be deployed in companies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) included. The implementation of circular loops and the associated industrial systems are very dependent on the contexts and life scenarios of the products. Thus, depending on the products to be re-circulated, the processes controlled, and the actors involved, the requirements to be reported at design level are very diverse. This paper proposes a new design method based on lifecycle scenarios to be analyzed and designed. Supported by classical engineering tools that has been adapted for circular economy (CE) context, the lifecycle model enables simultaneous design of businesses, products and services and the evaluation of their environmental values. Three industrial design cases showing the application of engineering tools for implementation of CE lifecycle scenarios are presented.


This thesis focuses on the planning system as a complex and frequently difficult interface between the planning system and private organisations. The key questions asked in the thesis are first analytical, what are the relationships at the interface and secondly, managerial, can the interface be managed in a better way? The theoretical approach adopted is based on the Institutional Approach to planning and more particularly the communicative version of that approach. A particular analytical method has been developed based on project issues and the investigation of five dimensions of planning: Command, Challenge, Collaboration, Contract and Culture (the 5Cs).This research has a qualitative focus and is based on three case studies: a compulsory purchase by an Urban Development Corporation of a building owned by a major company whose challenge took the case to the Court of Appeal; a change of use of a site from bus depot to a supermarket raising highway, traffic, Conservation area, air pollution and cultural issues; a change of use from an industrial site to housing in which the Local Plan, employment and housing were key issues. The thesis finds a dominant power of command in planning governance, a crucial importance of the right to challenge, and an absence of real collaboration and contractual relationships. The lack of discussion in practice of the importance of cultural differences and the impact on resources are also evident. From these findings the thesis proposes a prescriptive model for the management of the public-private interface. This is based on a modified collaborative model of the Institutional Approach but is equally influenced by the analytical model of the 5 Cs developed in this thesis.


Transmembrane anion transport is an important biological process in maintaining cellular functions. Thus, synthetic anion transporters are widely developed for their biological applications. Imidazolinium was introduced as anion recognition site to multiblock amphiphilic structure, that consists of octa   (ethylene glycol) and aromatic units. Ion transport assay using halide-sensitive lucigenin and pH-sensitive  8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate  (HPTS) revealed that imidazolinium-based multiblock amphiphile ( IMA)  transports anions and showed high selectivity for nitrate, which plays crucial roles in many biological events. Temperature-dependent ion transport assay using  1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine  (DPPC) indicated that  IMA  works as a mobile carrier.  1 H NMR titration experiments indicated that C2 proton of imidazolinium ring recognizes anions via (C-H) + ···X -  hydrogen bond. Furthermore, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed a dynamic feature of  IMA  within the membranes during ion transportation.


Wooden tipped arrows are still used in tribal fighting in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Thirteen cases of arrow injury to the heart and mediastinum, presenting at Mt. Hagen Hospital in a 2‐year period, are described. Ten cases presented early (within 3 days) while the remaining 3 cases presented late and suffered from mediastinal abscesses. Removal of the arrow, after full visualization with repair where possible, was performed in all cases with two deaths and little morbidity. Most of the 13 patients arrived in a stable condition, withstood surgery well and made a rapid recovery (average stay in hospital 20 days). Unstable presentations included 2 cases of mild shock, one with early cardiac tamponade and one case of acute aortic incompetence. Survival figures justify attempted salvage of these patients, even with the limited facilities available.


Background
The systemic response of the organism, in defense against the aggressor agent, generates acute catabolic response, which leads to deterioration of the nutritional status.

Objective
Compare the usefulness of the body mass index (BMI) and the CONUT scale to determine the severity in abdominal sepsis.

Methods
Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients with diagnosis of abdominal sepsis, from April 2016 to February 2017.

Results
We included 153 cases (61 female and 92 male); mean age of 47.44 years, the main organ causing abdominal sepsis was the appendix 43%. Mortality of 15%. An average BMI of 27.31, CONUT score of 5.5, was obtained. The findings, subjected to the Mann-Whitney u test, showed statistical significance when evaluating BMI against SOFA (p = 0.025); no significance was found when evaluating the BMI against APACHE II (p = 0.322), nor against mortality (p = 0.646). Regarding CONUT, significance was found when comparing against APACHE II, SOFA and mortality (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions
The level of malnutrition determined by CONUT is related to the severity determined by APACHE II, SOFA and mortality. BMI is not related to severity by APACHE II or mortality; although it does seem to relate to the severity evaluated by the SOFA scale.


This study aims to evaluate the time-to-treatment of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) in a Malaysian public healthcare setting while exploring its contributing factors. It consists of (1) a cross-sectional patient survey to quantify time to seek care and barriers faced, and (2) a retrospective medical record abstraction to determine treatment and management intervals. Time intervals were aggregated and analyzed by their primary contributor—patient, professional, or healthcare system. The average total time-to-treatment of the 104 patients investigated was 167 days (SD = 158). This was predominantly contributed by the patient interval of 120 days (SD = 152). In total, 67.0% of patients delayed their visit to primary healthcare centers because they assumed the lesions were not dangerous or of concern. Additionally, there was a significant difference between patients 'facing' and 'not facing' difficulties to seek care, at 157 vs. 103 days (p = 0.028). System and professional delays were comparably shorter, at 33 days (SD = 20) and 10 days (SD = 15) respectively. Both demonstrated a significant difference between oral cancer and PMOD, at 43 vs. 29 days (p < 0.001) and 5 vs. 17 days (p < 0.001). The findings reiterate the need to reform current initiatives to better promote early lesion recognition by patients and implement strategies for the elimination of their access barriers.


: The Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is a solid framework which has guided the broadly sequential nature of project delivery in the Tech industry. The way it has been implemented has changed over the years to a great extent in terms of the scale and complexity of the projects. Agile and other project management methodologies have shortened the time spent on each stage, because they are innately iterative and focus on shipping incremental software in quick intervals. The recent development of an AI ecosystem with increasingly powerful generative AI technologies like ChatGPT has led to many questions. Foremost among these questions are how these developments will necessitate the software industry and development lifecycle itself to undergo a transformation, and whether it will impact the nature of work for millions of Tech professionals worldwide. This paper focuses on the latter of the two questions above - and the authors would like to propose a new SDLC model based on how the different stages of the SDLC will likely undergo a fundamental shift catalyzed by recent advances made in generative AI.


This study focuses on small business managers' motivation to expand their firms. More specifically, we examine the relationships between expected consequences of growth on the one hand, and overall attitude toward growth on the other. Data were collected in three separate studies over a ten–year period using the same measuring instrument. The results suggest that noneconomic concerns may be more important than expected financial outcomes in determining overall attitude toward growth. In particular, the concern for employee well–being comes out strongly. We interpret this as reflecting a concern that the positive atmosphere of the small organization may be lost in growth. We conclude that this concern may be a cause for recurrent conflict for small business managers when deciding about the future route for their firms.


This article provides an overview of the unique challenges combat service veterans deployed in Afghanistan and/or Iraq are dealing with today, and how these challenges can impact veterans' reintegration into civilian life. Focus is also given to attachment; more specifically how the attachment bond between the combat service veteran and his or her spouse/partner often is impacted by the trauma of combat re-deployment/deployment/separation. The importance of couple counseling using Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is addressed, as is a careful assessment at the onset of counseling.


Septic transfusion reactions (STRs) resulting from transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets are a major hazard of platelet transfusion despite recent interventions. Active and passive surveillance for bacterially contaminated platelets was performed over 7 years (2007-2013) by culture of platelet aliquots at time of transfusion and review of reported transfusion reactions. All platelet units had been cultured 24 hours after collection and released as negative. Five sets of STR criteria were evaluated, including recent AABB criteria; sensitivity and specificity of these criteria, as well as detection by active and passive surveillance, were determined. Twenty of 51,440 platelet units transfused (0.004%; 389 per million) were bacterially contaminated by active surveillance and resulted in 5 STRs occurring 9 to 24 hours posttransfusion; none of these STRs had been reported by passive surveillance. STR occurred only in neutropenic patients transfused with high bacterial loads. A total of 284 transfusion reactions (0.55%) were reported by passive surveillance. None of these patients had received contaminated platelets. However, 6 to 93 (2.1%-32.7%) of these 284 reactions met 1 or more STR criteria, and sensitivity of STR criteria varied from 5.1% to 45.5%. These results document the continued occurrence of bacterial contamination of platelets resulting in STR in neutropenic patients, failure of passive surveillance to detect STR, and lack of specificity of STR criteria. These findings highlight the limitations of reported national STR data based on passive surveillance and the need to implement further measures to address this problem such as secondary testing or use of pathogen reduction technologies.


Rapamycin derivatives allosterically targeting mTOR are currently FDA approved to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and catalytic inhibitors of mTOR/PI3K are now in clinical trials for treating various solid tumors. We sought to investigate the relative efficacy of allosteric versus catalytic mTOR inhibition, evaluate the crosstalk between the mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways, as well as the therapeutic potential of dual mTOR and MEK inhibition in RCC. Pharmacologic (rapamycin and BEZ235) and genetic manipulation of the mTOR pathway were evaluated by in vitro assays as monotherapy as well as in combination with MEK inhibition (GSK1120212). Catalytic mTOR inhibition with BEZ235 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis better than allosteric mTOR inhibition with rapamycin. While mTOR inhibition upregulated MEK/ERK signaling, concurrent inhibition of both pathways had enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Finally, primary RCC tumors could be classified into subgroups [(I) MEK activated, (II) Dual MEK and mTOR activated, (III) Not activated, and (IV) mTOR activated] based on their relative activation of the PI3K/mTOR and MEK pathways. Patients with mTOR only activated tumors had the worst prognosis. In summary, dual targeting of the mTOR and MEK pathways in RCC can enhance therapeutic efficacy and primary RCC can be subclassified based on their relative levels of mTOR and MEK activation with potential therapeutic implications.


Background: The Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI, body mass index × albumin/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor of survival in some solid cancers. We retrospectively investigated the usefulness of the ALI to predict chemotherapy response and survival in 212 patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy. Methods: Patients were allocated to a low ALI group (n = 82, 38.7%) or a high ALI group (n = 130, 61.3%) according to an optimal pretreatment ALI cut-off value of 15.5 as determined by receiver operating curve analysis. Results: The low ALI group displayed more adverse clinical characteristics, lower rates of complete remission (54.9 vs. 75.4%, p = 0.008), and poorer 5-year progression-free (PFS, 58.1 vs. 77.3%, p = 0.006) and overall (OS, 64.2 vs. 80.2%, p = 0.008) survival. Multivariate analysis showed that low ALI was found to independently predict shorter PFS and OS. Interestingly, a low ALI reverted to a high ALI during treatment in 58 patients (27.4%), and the 5-year OS of these patients was better than that of patients whose ALI remained low (n = 24, 72.5 vs. 24%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: ALI might be an easily available marker for predicting clinical outcomes in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy.


A community's culture is defined by the preferences and equilibrium behaviours of its members. Contacts among communities alter individual cultures through two interrelated mechanisms: behavioural adaptations driven by pay-offs to coordination, and preference changes shaped by socialization and self-persuasion. This paper explores the workings of these mechanisms through a model of cultural integration in which preferences and behaviours vary continuously. It identifies a broad set of conditions under which cross-cultural contacts promote cultural hybridization. The analysis suggests that policies to support social integration serve to homogenize preferences across communities, thereby undermining a key objective of multiculturalism. Yielding fresh insights into strategies pursued to influence cultural trends, it also shows that communities benefit from having other communities adjust their behaviours. Copyright 2008, Wiley-Blackwell.


All basic processes of ecological populations involve decisions; when and where to move, when and what to eat, and whether to fight or flee. Yet decisions and the underlying principles of decision-making have been difficult to integrate into the classical population-level models of ecology. Certainly, there is a long history of modeling individuals' searching behavior, diet selection, or conflict dynamics within social interactions. When all individuals are given certain simple rules to govern their decision-making processes, the resultant population–level models have yielded important generalizations and theory. But it is also recognized that such models do not represent the way real individuals decide on actions. Factors that influence a decision include the organism's environment with its dynamic rewards and risks, the complex internal state of the organism, and its imperfect knowledge of the environment. In the case of animals, it may also involve complex social factors, and experience and learning, which vary among individuals. The way that all factors are weighed and processed to lead to decisions is a major area of behavioral theory. While classic population-level modeling is limited in its ability to integrate decision-making in its actual complexity, the development of individual- or agent-based models (IBM/ABMs) (we use ABM throughout to designate both 'agent-based modeling' and an 'agent-based model') has opened the possibility of describing the way that decisions are made, and their effects, in minute detail. Over the years, these models have increased in size and complexity. Current ABMs can simulate thousands of individuals in realistic environments, and with highly detailed internal physiology, perception and ability to process the perceptions and make decisions based on those and their internal states. The implementation of decision-making in ABMs ranges from fairly simple to highly complex; the process of an individual deciding on an action can occur through the use of logical and simple (if-then) rules to more sophisticated neural networks and genetic algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the ways in which decisions are integrated into a variety of ABMs and to give a prospectus on the future of modeling of decisions in ABMs.


To construct soluble TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression system and investigate the effect of the expression product on tumor cell. It may provide valuable information for research into the immune system of the finless porpoise. The full-length cDNA of TRAIL (designated fTRAIL) was cloned from the total RNA of the finless porpoises blood using RT-PCR techniques and then the extracellular soluble fragments of fTRAIL (designated fsTRAIL) was ligated into pET43.1a. Recombinant soluble fTRAIL (pET43.1a-fsTRAIL) fused with Nus-his tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the Nus-His-fsTRAIL protein was purified. The expression of Nus-His-fsTRAIL was verified by Western blotting. In vitro, the effects of the purified Nus-His-fsTRAIL protein on Jurkat and HeLa cells were etected by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide (MTT) assay, TrypanBlue and Flow Cytometry analysis. The expression system pET43.1a-fsTRAIL was constructed and Nus-His-fsTRAIL protein was expressed successfully. In vitro, the Nus-His-fsTRAIL protein was able to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jurkat and HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Nus-His-fsTRAIL protein has anti-tumor activity against Jurkat and HeLa cells in vitro.


Commentary on: FrancisNAButlerCCHoodK. Effect of using an interactive booklet about childhood respiratory tract infections in primary care consultations on reconsulting and antibiotic prescribing: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;339:b2885.


Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway signaling is an established oncogenic signal transduction pathway implicated in multiple malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway components has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric cancers harbor some of the highest rates of oncogenic alterations in PI3K but attempts to translate this genomic observation have met with limited clinical success and novel approaches are needed. In the following review we discuss PI3K signaling, previous preclinical and clinical investigations in gastric cancer, and discuss future strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving efficacy. Identification and refinement of molecular tumor subtypes, development of predictive biomarkers along, and rational drug combination strategies are key to capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of PI3K pathway directed therapies in gastric cancers.


In practices and academics, the growth/decline of a brand or product sales is often measured with market shares. However, this method does not really gain insight into loyalty and perception of consumers toward brands and products. This paper proposes a concept of Mind Shares which combines confidence and resistance as the main contents of loyalty to establish a new theoretic foundation and develop the calculation method for the quantification of this model. The data from questionnaire survey showed that confidence and resistance are both positively correlated with loyalty, and these two variables are capable of predictability on loyalty. It is considered that this paper lays down the theoretic foundation of Mind Shares and contributes applications.


In the field of multi-messenger astronomy, Bayesian inference is commonly adopted to compare the compatibility of models given the observed data. However, to describe a physical system like neutron star mergers and their associated gamma-ray burst (GRB) events, usually more than ten physical parameters are incorporated in the model. With such a complex model, likelihood evaluation for each Monte Carlo sampling point becomes a massive task and requires a significant amount of computational power. In this work, we perform quick parameter estimation on simulated GRB X-ray light curves using an interpolated physical GRB model. This is achieved by generating a grid of GRB afterglow light curves across the parameter space and replacing the likelihood with a simple interpolation function in the high-dimensional grid that stores all light curves. This framework, compared to the original method, leads to a ∼90× speedup per likelihood estimation. It will allow us to explore different jet models and enable fast model comparison in the future.


ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the full structure of passes during EuroBasket 2015 in the context of the execution technique, creating a passing lane, the movement of the players, the ball passing direction and passing distance. In order to provide extended data, the study also analysed individual dribbling sequences, changes of dribbling direction and turnovers. The analysis encompassed 27,840 passes, 84,080 dribbles and 1467 turnovers in all matches (n = 110) played by the eight best and the eight worst teams. Furthermore, 2030 assists were analysed to develop the model of regression. One-handed passes performed with the right hand (F = 28.74; p = 0.0028) were the most important predictor for the assists executed by the players of the eight best teams. Conversely, the most important predictor for the assists executed by the players from the weakest teams were two-handed overhead passes (F = 21.34; p = 0.0001). Today, coaches must incorporate two elements of passing technique into their training regime: primarily, one-handed passes (in particular, one-handed basic passes); and secondly, two-handed passes (overhead and chest passes). Solutions should be sought with the aim of increasing the number of inside passes, which will develop the inside play.


In this paper, we present correlated logistic (CorrLog) model for multilabel image classification. CorrLog extends conventional logistic regression model into multilabel cases, via explicitly modeling the pairwise correlation between labels. In addition, we propose to learn the model parameters of CorrLog with elastic net regularization, which helps exploit the sparsity in feature selection and label correlations and thus further boost the performance of multilabel classification. CorrLog can be efficiently learned, though approximately, by regularized maximum pseudo likelihood estimation, and it enjoys a satisfying generalization bound that is independent of the number of labels. CorrLog performs competitively for multilabel image classification on benchmark data sets MULAN scene, MIT outdoor scene, PASCAL VOC 2007, and PASCAL VOC 2012, compared with the state-of-the-art multilabel classification algorithms.


The high intensity proton injector for the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research located at GSI-Darmstadt in Germany consists of a pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), and an electrostatic chopper matching the proton beam to the radio frequency quadrupole. The ion source is based on electron cyclotron resonance plasma production and it has to provide a proton beam at 95 keV energy and up to 100 mA current. The LEBT system with two short solenoids each including two magnetic steerers will transport the proton beam into the compact proton linac, accelerating it to the energy of 68 MeV and serving as the injector of the upgraded heavy ion synchrotron (SIS18). This paper describes the commissioning of the proton injector including beam characterization measurements that have been done at CEA/Saclay in France and is currently at the final commissioning stage.


BACKGROUND Colonoscopy within 24 h of hospital admission for colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is recommended. However, little is known about rates of rebleeding within 30 d. We posited that a group of patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) within 4 h of the last hematochezia and colonoscopy within 24 h would experience fewer incidences of rebleeding. AIM To evaluate the outcomes of early colonoscopy for CDB among different groups of patients. METHODS Data from 182 patients with CDB who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and colonoscopy between January 2011 and December 2018 at the study site were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into groups based on the timing of the CT imaging, within or at 4 h were defined as urgent CTs (n = 100) and those performed after 4 h were defined as elective CTs (n = 82). Main outcomes included rebleeding within 30 d and the identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) (i.e., active bleeding, non-bleeding visible vessels, or adherent clots). RESULTS In total, 182 patients (126 men and 56 women) with median ages of 68.6 (range, 37-92) and 73.7 (range, 48-93) years, respectively, underwent CT imaging and colonoscopy within 24 h of the last hematochezia. Patients for whom CT was performed within 4 h of the last hematochezia were included in the urgent CT group (n = 100) and patients for whom CT was performed after 4 h were included in the elective CT group (n = 82). SRH were identified in 35.0% (35/100) of the urgent CT cases and 7.3% (6/82) of the elective CT cases (P < 0.01). Among all patients with extravasation-positive images on CT, SRH was identified in 31 out of 47 patients (66.0%) in the urgent CT group and 4 out of 20 patients (20.0%) in the elective CT group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rates of rebleeding within 30 d were significantly improved in the urgent CT and extravasation-positive cases (P < 0.05). Results from the evaluation of early colonoscopy did not show a difference in the ability to detect SRH identification or rebleeding rates. Only cases by urgent CT reduced risk of rebleeding due to the evidence of active bleeding on the image. CONCLUSION To improve rates of rebleeding, colonoscopy is recommended within 24 h in patients with extravasation-positive CT images within 4 h of the last hema-tochezia. Otherwise, elective colonoscopy can be performed.


Abstract Two large glacier tongues, which extend substantially across the coastline of King George V Land in East Antarctica, have been studied by remote sensing (synthetic aperture radar, JERS-1). The tongue of Mertz Glacier is in a state of advance, while the Ninnis Glacier tongue is retreating. Some more specific points are: The distinctive surface structure and the form of the glacier tongues indicates that they are floating. While the tongue of Ninnis Glacier has lost about two-thirds of its area since 1913, the Mertz Glacier tongue has advanced substantially and has about doubled its areal extent over the same time period. The annual movement of the tongue of Mertz Glacier was determined as about 1.2 km. This is close to the value of the advance of the tip of the tongue since 1963, which was determined as 0.9 km year−1.


The wild goat ( Capra aegagrus ) has a very widespread area in our Turkey and is an important species in terms of hunting tourism. Every year, inventory studies are regularly carried out in all areas where these species have distributed in Turkey. Native and foreign hunters are allowed to hunting these species by giving certain quota determined for each year and thus economic income is provided to the country. Generally, in hunting tourism, male individuals older than the age of 8 years are important. In this study, presence data matrix was prepared by determining the areas where the individuals aged 8 years and above have been located according to the counts made after hunting in Antalya region in 2016. Slope, elevation, aspect, topographic position index and ruggedness variables that are selected considering of  the biology of wild goat were use for modelling. These variables were cut in local scale by using ArcGIS 10.2 software and each was prepared as a layer in ascii format. The modelling process was carried out using MaxEnt method that run via maximum entropy approach and use only presence data, and Random Forest method that run via both presence and absence data. The Roc value for MaxEnt was 0.852 and the Roc value for Random Forest method was 0.927. These results show that the models obtained by both methods are valid. The maps obtained by both models were intersected to determine the most suitable areas for wild goats. The hunting tourism map of the wild goat was obtained by using 0.6 reference value for suitable areas on the map that was acquired using intersect. And the map show that current and potential hunting areas were determined. As a result, this map is very important in terms of being a guide for hunting tourism in study area and being the first hunting tourism map of wild goats.


Using scanning electron microscopy, epizooic diatoms were observed growing on the cerci of Caenis amica Hagen naiads (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae). Meridion circulare (Greville) C. Agardh was the most abundant, followed by Synedra rumpens Kützing, then Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg. Other diatom species observed from substrates in Cedar Creek, Isabella County, Michigan were not observed on the cerci. No diatoms were observed on Ephemerellidae naiads. ____________________ Epizoic algae are not infrequent on the surfaces of most active animals. The association between sloths and epizooic algae was one of the first to be described showing this unusual and interesting association since such relationships were described (Kuhn, in Welcher 1864). Freshwater epizootic algae have been described from a variety of hosts. These include protistans (Wiley et al. 1970, Pérez-Martinez et al. 2001); invertebrate animals such as Cladocera (Gaiser and Bachmann 1993, Barea-Arco et al. 2001), Rotifera (Wujek 2006); insects including Trichoptera (Bergey and Resh 1994, Sheath et al. 1995), Diptera (Sheath et al. 1996), and Odonata (Wujek personal observation); Crustacea together with Copepods (Russell and Norris 1971) and crayfish (Fuelling et al. 2010). The vertebrate hosts for epizootic algae include amphibians (Tumlison and Trauth 2006), reptiles including lizards and turtles (Gradstein and Equihua 1995, Garbary et al. 2007), fish (Shin et al. 2004), and captive polar bears (Lewin and Robinson 1979, Lewin et al. 1981). Materials and Methods Spring collections containing naiad Ephemeroptera of the families Caenidae (N = 22) and Ephemerellidae (N = 43) were taken from a heavily shaded 200 m section of Cedar Creek, Isabella County, Michigan (34oN33 ́794 ́ ́, 84oW54 ́043 ́ ́) located between Wing and Deerfield Roads. The insects used for SEM observations, collected weekly from February through March 1988, were picked from substrates and immediately placed in buffered 7.2 pH 2% glutaraldehyde. Insects used for light microscopy were fixed in 5% formalin. Insects which had been affixed to aluminum stubs were dehydrated, critical point dried, and sputter-coated with gold. Observations were done using an AMR 1200 scanning electron microscope. Diatom slides for light microscopic observations were prepared on both naiad families and material taken from various substrates associated with Cedar Creek where the mayflies were collected. These slides were observed using a Zeiss Photoscope II. 1 Wujek: Epizooic Diatoms on the Cerci of Ephemeroptera (Caenidae) Naiads Published by ValpoScholar, 2013 2013 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 117 Fi gu re 1 . O ve rv ie w o f d ia to m s on C ae ni s a m ic a na ia d ce rc i sh ow in g th e ep iz oo tic co m m uni ty . Sc al e ba r = 2 0 μm . Fi gu re 2 . A hi gh er m ag ni fic atio n of a C ae ni s n ai ad ce rc us w ith e pi zo oi c d ia to m g en er a in clu di ng C oc co ne is p ed ic ul us (C ), M er id io n ci rc ul ar e ( M ), an d Sy ne dr a ru m pe ns (S ). S ca le


Magnetotransport properties of the compound Ca4Mn3O10 are interpreted in terms of activated hopping of small magnetic polarons in the non-adiabatic regime. Polarons are most probably formed around Mn3+ sites created by oxygen sub-stoichiometry. The application of an external field reduces the size of the magnetic contribution to the hopping barrier and thus produces an increase in the conductivity. We argue that the change in the effective activation energy around TN is due to the crossover to variable range hopping conduction as antiferromagnetic order sets in.


Abstract In a compeletely randomized experiment, with factorial arrangment, the effects of three levels of urea and four levels of sulfur were tested on in vitro digestibilty and fermentability of rouphage based ration, incubated in rumen liqure of buffalo. Results showed that in vitro digestibility were not affected by the levels of urea, sulfur, or interaction of these factores. There was no variation among the treatments up to 12h of incubation for the cummulative gas production, but it was reduced when surful level increased from 0.37 to 0.41 or 0.45 percent of diet. Regardless of sulfur, urea significantly (p<0.05) affected gas production. There was also an interaction effect between nitrogen and sulfur levels on gas production, after 12 or 24h of fermentation (p<0.05) but not for the longer times of incubation. It could be concluded that 0.33% sulfur and 0.5 or 1.0% urea which provided a total N/S ratio of 4.68 to 5.28 or urea N/S ratio of 0.66 to 1.34 may be optimum ranges for rumen fermentations of rouphage based diets in buffalo.


OBJECTIVE
Different types of vasculitis can occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], but large vessels vasculitis seems to be the most prevalent. Indeed, the presence of both Crohn's disease [CD] and Takayasu's arteritis [TAK] has previously been reported, with higher prevalence in young women between the second and the third decade of life. This article aims to provide clinicians with an accurate picture of the most common clinical features and current treatment strategy for patients with both CD and TAK.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We described the coexistence of CD and TAK in three young women and also performed an extensive literature review about the association of these two immune-related disorders. Research on PubMed server was performed typing the terms "Takayasu's arteritis and inflammatory bowel disease", "Takayasu's arteritis and Crohn's disease", and "Takayasu's arteritis and Ulcerative colitis".

RESULTS
Although the association of CD with TAK is uncommon, due to the severity of both diseases, concomitance in the same patient may significantly complicate the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up. In addition, since TAK can compromise intestinal vasculature, it may possibly exacerbate the clinical course of patients with IBD. All patients we reported underwent surgery due to IBD complications and two of them started biological therapy with different outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Early detention of these conditions has a great importance for both gastroenterologists and immunologists, for ensuring a tailored multidisciplinary management, possibly in order to identify a common therapy for these two immune-related disorders.


IT-accessiblity is often treated as an orphan in companies. Even though the proportion of disabled people is substantial and people become older and more susceptible to disabilities. Besides cost factors, companies often do not have a plan how to implement and control IT-accessibility successfully. However, most companies are familiar with IT-maturity frameworks to evaluate and improve their own IT-infrastructure. It would facilitate dealing with IT-accessibility, if IT-maturity frameworks consider IT-accessibility and provide recommendations and solutions for a successful implementation. Therefore, this article conducts a review of an acknowledged IT-maturity framework with regard to its capability to enable implementation of IT-accessibility in an organization. The first part of this article will illustrate the motivation and background for the authors concern with such a topic. Afterwards the authors will introduce the reader to the reviewed IT-maturity framework and provide basic knowledge on IT-accessibility. The main part of the article will deal with the review of the applied IT-maturity framework and outline examples of critical capabilities for successfully implementing IT-accessibility in an organization. The final section will derive implications and close with planned future research activities in this field.


The main aim of this paper is to present a framework for tabulated SLDresolution that allows a strict separation between search space and search. We introduce the notion of a search forest to model the search space, and we define what we understand by a search strategy for it. We present some basic search strategies and discuss how a particular tabulation technique, OLDT-resolution, and a particular transformation technique, Magic Templates, relate to our approach. This comparison also reveals an inherent difference between the tabulation and the transformation approach.


This study presents an application of stochastic discrete-event simulation modelling for harvesting, transportation and storage activities of one grain and oilseed agricultural cooperative. Gathering the harvest represents an important stage for both agricultural cooperatives and individual farmers, that requires an efficient management in order to ensure a high production quality and yield. For the purpose to take into account the intricacy and the dynamic behaviour of the studied system, the model proposed here, considers various inherent heterogeneous parameters, such as: daily meteorological uncertainty, loss queuing networks, farmers contractual delivery policies, etc. This paper applies discrete and stochastic simulation techniques in order to analyse and evaluate the performance of the cooperative supply chain system. Moreover, it enables to investigate alternative configurations and strategies of its operations for an eventual supply chain redesign.


The six sigma method has implemented in several industries. There are very vast areas of six sigma methods which can be used as a tool and technique. In this paper author has explained one of the  crucial technique of statistical approach  as six sigma statistical approach(SSSA).In this scenario the six sigma statistical approach(SSSA) has been implemented to overcome the losses and waste of production in time and cost of an industry. This approach gives a sensitivity analysis for output of project performance. It has been found that there are many losses which would become a barrier for establishment of company. For facing such type of the problem in industry the six sigma statistical approach (SSSA) has been developed, it is a strategic approach which tracks the overall performance of industry. Six sigma statistical analyses (SSSA) give feedback estimation for reduction in cycle time and cost. It is an analysis technique that done to ensure the improvement of progress in company or industry. With the use of this approach the life cycle cost of expenditure can be deducted.The motive of the study to consequent the rolled throughput yield by evaluating the cost of the industry.


Recent studies suggest an alarming decline in pollinators across many regions of the world due to multiple factors. One potential factor is climate change, which poses both direct and indirect threats to pollinator populations. To help ameliorate the impact of declining populations on the function of ecological and agricultural systems, there is a need to identify species that may adapt to limit the magnitude of this pollination deficit. The South West Pacific has a highly depauperate endemic bee diversity and numerous non‐indigenous species, including honeybees. One allodapine bee, Braunsapis puangensis, has been accidentally introduced to Fiji where it has rapidly spread across multiple islands and become locally abundant. It is a long‐tongued bee, unaffected by honeybee pathogens, and has the potential to become an important crop pollinator. Here, we model the distribution of this species under different climate scenarios to determine how it is likely to respond to future climate change. We show that its distribution is unlikely to contract, but potentially expand with climate warming. These scenarios therefore indicate that the plasticity in B. puangensis populations may allow it to represent an important crop pollinator in this region should honeybee populations decline.


We present the photometric properties of 2210 newly identified dwarf galaxy candidates in the MATLAS fields. The Mass Assembly of early Type gaLAxies with their fine Structures (MATLAS) deep imaging survey mapped $\sim$142 deg$^2$ of the sky around nearby isolated early type galaxies using MegaCam on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, reaching surface brightnesses of $\sim$ 28.5 - 29 in the g-band. The dwarf candidates were identified through a direct visual inspection of the images and by visually cleaning a sample selected using a partially automated approach, and were morphologically classified at the time of identification. Approximately 75% of our candidates are dEs, indicating that a large number of early type dwarfs also populate low density environments, and 23.2% are nucleated. Distances were determined for 13.5% of our sample using pre-existing $z_{spec}$ measurements and HI detections. We confirm the dwarf nature for 99% of this sub-sample based on a magnitude cut $M_g$ = -18. Additionally, most of these ($\sim$90%) have relative velocities suggesting that they form a satellite population around nearby massive galaxies rather than an isolated field sample. Assuming that the candidates over the whole survey are satellites of the nearby galaxies, we demonstrate that the MATLAS dwarfs follow the same scaling relations as dwarfs in the Local Group as well as the Virgo and Fornax clusters. We also find that the nucleated fraction increases with $M_g$, and find evidence of a morphology-density relation for dwarfs around isolated massive galaxies.


This report presents the results from analyses of samples taken from tile headspace of waste storage tank 241-B-108 (Tank BY - 108) at the Hanford Site in Washington State. Tank headspace samples collected by SGN Eurisys Services Corporation (SESC) and analyzed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to determine headspace concentrations of selected non-radioactive analytes. Analyses were performed by the Vapor Analytical Laboratory (VAL) at PNNL. Vapor concentrations from sorbent trap samples are based on measured sample volumes provided by SESC. Ammonia was determined to be above the immediate notification limit of 150 ppm specified by the sampling and analysis plan (SAP). Hydrogen was the principal flammable constituent of the Tank BY-108 headspace, determined to be present at approximately 0.888% of its lower flammability limit (LFL). Total headspace flammability was estimated to be <1.979% of tile LFL. Average measured concentrations of targeted gases, inorganic vapors, and selected organic vapors are provided in Table S.1. A summary of experimental methods, including sampling methodology, analytical procedures, and quality assurance and control methods are presented in Section 2.0. Detailed descriptions of the analytical results are provided in Section 3.0.


Indonesia's total area of forest and waters is around 130.68 million hectares, but it consistently decreases yearly. The illegal land clearing for agricultural activity is considered as the main cause of the forest reduction, as around 5.6 million hectares of land burned between 2015 and 201 and it costs of hundreds of trillions to the country. In order to lessen the negative impacts of land clearing, Indonesian government indeed has started to promote a green economy campaign, known as sustainable development with an environmental perspective. This study aims to examine the relationship between illegal land clearing and its effect on the Indonesian economy and its relationship with the green economy campaign initiated by the Indonesian government. We use the data from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Central Bureau of Statistics, Greenpeace Indonesia, and World Bank to analyze this issue. We find that the governments' poor regulation and monitoring have caused forest and land fires almost every year and it has huge economic and environmental costs that should be paid by the government. Therefore, a strong law enforcement is needed so that the green economy campaign in Indonesia can be executed properly.


Bongan Village was designated as a rural tourism in Tabanan Regency by Decree of the Regent of Tabanan Number: 180/457/03/HK & HAM/2018, Date 06 November 2018. By establishing Bongan Village as a rural tourism means that currently in Tabanan Regency there are 23 rural tourism who pocketed the Tabanan Regent Decree about the Rural Tourism. The village of Bongan is largely a stretch of lowlands with an altitude of 155-260 m above sea level, air temperatures ranging from 28 - 32 degrees celcius with average rainfall of 2,000 - 3,000 mm/year. Bongan Village has a variety of uniqueness that can be used as a tourist attraction, both natural, cultural, culinary, and spiritual appeal. Some of the uniqueness or attractiveness of the village of Bongan, namely: 1) Ngaben Tikus Ceremony, where this ceremony has been held for generations since the time of the Kingdom of Tabanan before; 2) Bongan Village also has a Bali Starling tourist attraction. This is supported by the existence of captivity of Bali Starlings; 3) Balang Tamak Temple, related to Pan Balang Tamak characters; and 4) Mesuryak Tradition which is a unique tradition that is still carried down through generations in the village of Bongan.
The tourist attraction of Bongan Village as a tourist village certainly requires several marketing concepts to be known and bring tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. In addition to providing a variety of products and tourist attractions by packaging them into attractive and attractive tour packages, marketing channels and marketing strategies need to be planned to increase tourist visits.
A qualitative approach with a combination of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), SWOT Matrix, and Likert Scale Analysis is used to find models naturally according to the circumstances and potential of Bongan Rural Tourism to develop marketing strategies for Bongan Rural Tourism as sustainable community tourism in Tabanan Regency. The results of the data analysis will be presented in a descriptive qualitative way that presents marketing strategies (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat), observations, results of field studies, theories, and concepts found in the field which are then interpreted by the Research Team.
Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Tourism Village, Community Participation, Sustainable Community Tourism


Converging evidence suggest that levels of alpha-Synuclein (aSyn) expression play a critical role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several mutations of the SNCA gene, encoding for aSyn have been associated to either the familial or the sporadic forms of PD. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying wild type aSyn-mediated neurotoxicity in neuronal cells as well as its specific driving role in PD pathogenesis has yet to be fully clarified. In this view, the development of proper in vitro cellular systems is a crucial step. Here we present a novel human Tet-on hNSC cell line, in which aSyn timing and level of expression can be tightly experimentally tuned. Induction of aSyn in self-renewing hNSCs leads to progressive formation of aSyn aggregates and impairs their proliferation and cell survival. Furthermore, aSyn induction during the neuronal differentiation process results in impaired neurogenic potential due to enhanced refractoriness to exit self-renewal and to increase of gliogenic vs neurogenic competence. Finally, acute aSyn induction in hNSC-derived dopaminergic neuronal cultures results in cell toxicity. This novel conditional in vitro cell model system may be a valuable tool for dissecting of aSyn pathogenic effects in hNSCs and neurons and in developing new potential therapeutic strategies.


The use of functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is an effective tool to address a wide range of severe behavior problems of students at risk for or with emotional disabilities (ED). However, the transformation of a procedure proven effective under highly-controlled clinical conditions to a practical and effective strategy for use in applied settings has posed a number of challenges. We critically examine several of the most prominent of those challenges and related research. We concede that there is more to learn about FBA in applied settings, including how best to establish a goodness-of-fit between "necessity and sufficiency," as described by Scott and Kamps (2007). Lastly, we assert that all school personnel should, at the very least, "think functionally" about pupil behavior.


The larval caterpillar Pseudosphinx tetrio L. is a species that feeds specifically on plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The genus Allamanda includes many shrubs or flowering trees which are grown throughout the tropical regions and are well known due their several biological properties. This work explores the interaction between the caterpillar and this plant using several analytical techniques such as thin layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. Further, a multivariate data analysis was performed in attempt to obtain better insights regard the samples. The results point out the similar profile between the health and herbivore Allamanda cathartica L.'s leaves and the caterpillars' faeces. The similar analytical profile between the leaves of A. cathartica and the faeces of P. tetrio, as well as the difference with the caterpillar's bodies suggest a selective excretion of compounds by the caterpillar. These compounds found selectively in the faeces (and not in the body) can explain that P. tetrio can feed this toxic Apocynaceae species.


Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been already widely used in many fields in terms of industry, agriculture, and military, and so forth. The basic composition is WSN nodes that are capable of performing processing, gathering information, and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. The main components of a WSN node are microcontroller, transceiver, and some sensors. Undoubtedly, it also can be added with some actuators to form a tiny mechanical system. Under this case, the existence of task preemption while executing operating system will not only cost more energy for WSN nodes themselves, but also bring unacceptable system states caused by vibrations. However for these nodes, task I/O delays are inevitable due to the existence of task preemption, which will bring extra overhead for the whole system, and even bring unacceptable system states caused by vibrations. This paper mainly considers the earliest deadline first (EDF) task preemption algorithm executed in WSN OS and proposes an improved task preemption algorithm so as to lower the preemption overhead and I/O delay and then improve the system performance. The experimental results show that the improved task preemption algorithm can reduce the I/O delay effectively, so the real-time processing ability of the system is enhanced.


In recent years, significant advancements in the wireless networks, electronic communications, information technologies, and computers have provided fruitful environment for the development and effective growth of the Barcode technology. Moreover, these Barcode systems have found a large row of applications in various different sectors of business, ranging from baggage tracking, logistics, internet payment systems, supply chains, data management systems, healthcare services, retail business, to complete industrial automation. Barcode technology is being presumed to be providing a vision to the computers to gain a managerial control over various aspects of the business. In this paper, we analyse various such possible industrial applications of the barcode system in real time.


Background: Maintaining scapular mechanics is important for upper extremity functionality and posture. Determining the extent to which the scapular stabilizer muscles affect the scapular position may guide the creation of an exercise program for people with scapular dyskinesis. Hypothesis: The serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles play different roles on scapular position when humeral elevation increase. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A total of 70 women aged 40 to 65 years (mean age, 49 ± 7 years) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Isometric muscle strength of the SA, UT, MT, and LT was evaluated with a handheld dynamometer. For assessment of scapular position, the lateral scapular slide test (LSST) was used. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate scapular parameters. Results: There were positive and statistically significant correlations between the isometric muscle strength of the SA, UT, MT, and LT muscles and the values at different humerus positions in the LSST (P < 0.05). The UT and SA muscles greatly affected the changes in the position of the inferior region of the scapula (R2 > 24.5%). The LT (11.3%) in neutral position, MT (25.4%) with arm abducted at 45°, and SA (34.5%) with arm abducted 90° had a major effect on the changes in the mediolateral position of the scapula. Conclusion: While the LT muscle affects the mediolateral position of the scapula to a large extent, the strength of the MT and SA muscles becomes effective as the shoulder elevation increases. SA and UT muscle strength have a greater effect on the position of the inferior region of the scapula. Clinical Relevance: Dyskinesis can be observed at different levels of the scapula; therefore, it is important to determine at which level the dyskinesis is more prominent for each individual and consequently to form a personalized exercise program to increase function and control dyskinesis.


The human Gi-phase cyclins are important regulators of cell cycle progression that interact with various cyclin-dependent kinases and facilitate entry into S-phase. We have confirmed the localization of the human cyclin C (CCNC) gene to chromosome 6q21 and of human cyclin E (CCNE) to 19q12. The CCNC gene structure was also determined, and we have shown that it is deleted in a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias, including a patient sample containing a t(2;6)(p21;q15), with no apparent cytogenetic deletion. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of the remaining CCNC allele from patients with a deletion of one allele established that there were no further mutations within the exons or the flanking intronic sequences. These results suggest either that haploinsufficiency of the cyclin C protein is sufficient to promote tumorigenesis or that the important tumor suppressor gene is linked to the CCNC locus.


The main goal of this article is to introduce a new extension of the continuous Lomax distribution with a strong physical motivation. Some of its statistical properties such as moments, incomplete moments, moment generating function, quantile function, random number generation, quantile spread ordering and moment of the reversed residual life are derived. Two applications are provided to illustrate the importance and flexibility of the new model.


Bayesian treatments of learning in neural networks are typically based either on local Gaussian approximations to a mode of the posterior weight distribution, or on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. A third approach, called ensemble learning, was introduced by Hinton and van Camp (1993). It aims to approximate the posterior distribution by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the true posterior and a parametric approximating distribution. However, the derivation of a deterministic algorithm relied on the use of a Gaussian approximating distribution with a diagonal covariance matrix and so was unable to capture the posterior correlations between parameters. In this paper, we show how the ensemble learning approach can be extended to full-covariance Gaussian distributions while remaining computationally tractable. We also extend the framework to deal with hyperparameters, leading to a simple re-estimation procedure. Initial results from a standard benchmark problem are encouraging.


Theft of vehicles has often been in news in any of our residential locations or any parking lot. Statistics say many of the lost vehicles have never been recovered or found by the Police due to the immediate dismantling of their parts. The time taken to register the complaint and subsequent delay in action taking leads to the effect of vehicle being dismantled and sold quickly by the thieves. This leads to a condition that the locomotive can never be found. Since the information regarding the lost vehicle reaches the Police very late, quick action to recover it goes often in vain. Currently, there are many types of equipments in the market which support easy identification of our vehicle. But all these devices prove as a failure when seen from the view of rapidness in operating and also require human operation subsequently, which is very much impossible. Our main objective is to immediately inform the Surveillance Police (a robot is used here) in the area and track the vehicle very soon to recover it through the available modes. The proposed robot is controlled wireless through Zigbee connection protocol.


【Localized gingival enlargement is a common finding and tends to be reactive hyperplasia. Gingival reactive lesions are usually asymptomatic and respond to conservative treatment. However, a small entity of localized gingival enlargement is distinct from non-neoplastic growth, including developmental and neoplastic lesions. Since their clinical characteristics are similar with other lesions of gingiva, it can cause diagnostic dilemma, and is recommended to submit biopsy and confirm pathologic diagnosis. Their incidence of recurrence are different, therefore method of treatment should vary depending on the diagnosis. This review explains identification and treatment of localized gingival lesions.】


Nine species of gastrointestinal helminths were recovered from 254 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from 8 different localities in Greenland. Prevalences of infection with the helminth species differed from area to area: Toxascaris leonina (39-68%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0-14%), Mesocestoides lineatus (0-58%), Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (0-15%), Taenia ovis krabbei (0-70%), Cryptocotyle sp. (0-3%), Plagiorchis elegans (0-6%), and Polymorphus sp. (0-3%). Additionally, a Taenia species, which appears to be different from T. ovis krabbei, had a prevalence of 24% but only on the east coast of Greenland. In general, the composition of the helminth fauna of arctic foxes in Greenland showed distinct differences geographically. Thus, the diversity of helminth species in foxes caught in the northern districts of Greenland seems lower than in the southern districts; only nematode species with direct life cycles were represented equally in all parts of the country. The diversity of the surrounding fauna, and thereby the food items available for the foxes, seems to determine the spectrum of helminth species. Helminths requiring rodents as intermediate hosts were absent on the west coast, even in the areas in northwest Greenland in close proximity to the Canadian Archipelago. Foxes from air bases, which are known to feed intensively on garbage, harbored similar numbers of species compared to foxes from settlements in the same regions. The number of T. leonina in animals less than 1 yr of age was significantly higher than in older individuals. For M. lineatus, the prevalence of infection was found to increase and worm burdens to decrease with increasing host age. Infections with 2 or more helminth species were most frequent in older animals (47% in foxes > or = 4 yr old and 33% in foxes < 4 yr old).


Proper identification & standardization is mandatory to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs used for health ailments. All single drugs and compound formulations should be standardized according to the guidelines of Pharmacopoeia to ascertain their quality standards. Physicochemical and phytochemical standardization is considered a prerequisite for the assessment of biological activity or determination of biological standards of the plant material. Ustukhudoos is an important drug of Unani Medicine. It increases the tone of brain, stomach, liver and spleen and prevents sepsis. It is useful in neuralgia, costalgia and sinusitis, it is proved more efficient in cases of cold, cough and other chest affection. In present study, an effort has been made to carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical studies of Ustukhudoos. Physicochemical parameters as Extractive Values in different solvents: petroleum ether (2.90%), di-ethyl ether (3.18%), chloroform (0.33%), acetone (0.51%), ethanolic (2.82%), aqueous (9.12%); Solubility: Water (20.7 %) & Alcohol (6.10 %); Moisture content (15 %), Total Ash values (8.71%), pH of 1% (6.94) & 10% solution (5.49) and loss on drying (9.09%). Phytochemical Analysis revealed the presence of almost all the phytoconstituents in the test drug sample i.e. alkaloid, flavonoids, glycoside, carbohydrate and tannin.


Summary: Virtual surgical planning and patient-specific osteosynthesis plates provide reconstructive surgeons with the ability to proceed with facial reconstruction of expanding complexity. Moreover, these advances have been shown to reduce the energy, effort, and operating time while helping guide the surgeon toward anatomically correct results. The currently available literature regarding custom-milled plates pertains mostly to reconstructive surgery of the mandible. This small 3-patient series illustrates the use of patient-specific titanium plating to simplify complex reconstruction of the midface. Composite defects requiring multiple bony and soft tissue segments are difficult to reconstruct intraoperatively without prior planning. Custom plates and associated cutting guides based on patient-specific anatomy allow for a more streamlined, stepwise protocol for assembly of intricate constructs. Custom-manufactured hardware will precisely fit bony contours and minimize additional manipulation of both the bone and plate, maximally preserving internal strength and allowing for improved stability, dental occlusion, and spatial positioning. In addition to these mechanical benefits, the ease of mind and overall cost reduction through a reduction in procedural time are significant advantages offered by pre-designed plates. We hope that this series illustrates the value of custom-printed plates for midface reconstruction.


Efficacious cancer immunotherapies will likely require combinations of strategies that enhance tumor antigen presentation and antagonize negative immune regulatory circuits. We demonstrated that vaccination with irradiated, autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF followed by antibody blockade of CTLA-4 accomplishes clinically significant tumor destruction with minimal toxicity in a majority of stage IV metastatic melanoma and some advanced ovarian carcinoma patients. The extent of tumor necrosis in post-treatment biopsies was linearly related to the natural logarithm of the ratio of infiltrating CD8+ effector T cells to FoxP3+ Tregs, suggesting that further Treg inhibition might increase the frequency of clinical responses. Through an analysis of cytokine deficient mice, we delineated a critical role for GM-CSF in Treg homeostasis. GM-CSF is required for the expression of the phosphatidylserine binding protein MFG-E8 in antigen presenting cells, whereas the uptake of apoptotic cells by phagocyte-derived MFG-E8 maintains peripheral Treg activity. The pharmacologic inhibition of MFG-E8 function through genetic or engineering-based approaches blocks Treg induction, which intensifies vaccine-induced responses, leading to the regression of established tumors in mice. The clinical translation of these therapeutic strategies to Phase I testing in humans is underway. The detailed analysis of patients achieving sustained clinical benefits from irradiated, autologous GM-CSF secreting tumor cell vaccines and CTLA-4 antibody blockade also affords a rich opportunity to identify antigens associated with immune-mediated tumor destruction and to delineate mechanisms of therapeutic immunity. In this regard, we have identified antibodies against a panel of secreted and cell surface proteins that play important roles in tumor development and immune evasion. Isolation of the rare, antigen-specific memory B cells directed towards these important targets provides new opportunities for developing human monoclonal antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Glenn Dranoff. Mechanisms of protective tumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.


Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and the exhaustion of NP progenitors (ProNPs). The cellular applications of NP cells during IDD are currently limited due to the lack of in vivo studies showing whether NP cells are heterogeneous and contain ProNPs throughout postnatal stages. In this study, single‐cell RNA sequencing of purified NP cells is used to map four molecularly defined populations and urotensin II receptor (UTS2R)‐expressing postnatal ProNPs is identified, which are markedly exhausted during IDD, in mouse and human specimens. The lineage tracing shows that UTS2R+ ProNPs preferentially resides in the NP periphery with its niche factor tenascin‐C and give rise to functional NP cells. It is also demonstrated that transplanting UTS2R+ ProNPs with tenascin‐C into injured intervertebral discs attenuate the progression of IDD. The study provides a novel NP cell atlas, identified resident ProNPs with regenerative potential, and revealed promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD.


Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors of the skin which commonly occur after injury mainly in darker skinned patients. Medical treatment is fraught with high recurrence rates mainly because of an incomplete understanding of the biological mechanisms that lead to keloids. The purpose of this project was to examine keloid pathogenesis from the epigenome perspective of DNA methylation. Genome-wide profiling used the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip to interrogate DNA from 6 fresh keloid and 6 normal skin samples from 12 anonymous donors. A 3-tiered approach was used to call out genes most differentially methylated between keloid and normal. When compared to normal, of the 685 differentially methylated CpGs at Tier 3, 510 were hypomethylated and 175 were hypermethylated with 190 CpGs in promoter and 495 in nonpromoter regions. The 190 promoter region CpGs corresponded to 152 genes: 96 (63%) were hypomethylated and 56 (37%) hypermethylated. This exploratory genome-wide scan of the keloid methylome highlights a predominance of hypomethylated genomic landscapes, favoring nonpromoter regions. DNA methylation, as an additional mechanism for gene regulation in keloid pathogenesis, holds potential for novel treatments that reverse deleterious epigenetic changes. As an alternative mechanism for regulating genes, epigenetics may explain why gene mutations alone do not provide definitive mechanisms for keloid formation.


Abstract Technogenic soils (Technosols) developed in an ash settling pond at the Bełchatów thermal power station, central Poland, were studied in order to identify soil property transformations over 30 years of pedogenesis. Standard pedological methods were applied in order to determine the properties of the studied samples. All investigated soils were classified according to WRB as Spolic Technosols with various supplementary qualifiers (Alcalic/Hypereutric, Arenic/Loamic, Protocalcic, Hyperartefactic, Immisic, Laxic, Ochric, and Protosalic). The studied materials can be arranged into a chronosequence starting from fresh (unweathered) ashes, by young Technosol BE1 (age: several months), up to older Technosols BE2 (about 20 years) and BE3 (about 30 years). The studies showed that weathering and soil-forming processes changed properties of ash in soil environment. Fresh ash was characterized by high pH (11.0 – fly ash, 8.7 – bottom ash), low content of carbonates (1.5% in both samples), variable concentrations of TOC (1.2% – fly ash, 6.9% – bottom ash), and very low total nitrogen content (0.04%). Electrical conductivity (ECe) was 2.6 and 2.1 dS·m−1 in fly ash and bottom ash respectively. Young Technosol BE1 had the pH 9.2–10.0, contents of carbonates were in the range 2.4–3.3%, TOC 1.3–1.7%, and total nitrogen less than 0.03%. ECe in young Technosol was in the range 2.7–4.0 dS·m−1. There was no plant cover present on that soil and no well-developed genetic horizons were distinguished in the profile. Finally, old Technosols BE2 and BE3 had lower pH (from 7.9 up to 9.1), and, in general, higher contents of carbonates (from 1.5 to 7.9%) than fresh ash and young Technosol BE1. Old Technosols contained high concentrations of TOC (up to about 38% in Oi horizon) and total nitrogen (up to 0.9%) in the topsoil, where O and A horizons developed due to accumulation of soil organic matter. ECe in old Technosols was in the range 0.8–1.5 dS·m−1. All studied ashes and soils were characterized by very low or even absence of total potential acidity. Base cations predominated in the sorption complex of the investigated ash and soils and can be arranged in the following order according to the abundance: Ca>Mg>K>Na. Base saturation (BS) of fresh ashes and Technosols was nearly 100%. The study shows that the first indicators of pedogenesis of the studied technogenic soils within the first 30 years of formation are: (1) changes of consistence of ash material from firm to friable/very friable due to root action, (2) accumulation of soil organic matter in the topsoil and formation of O and A horizons, (3) decrease of pH, (4) formation of pedogenic carbonates in soils and (5) decrease in soil salinity.


Most setup management techniques associated with electronic assembly operations focus on component similarity in grouping boards for batch processing. These process planning techniques often minimize setup times. On the contrary, grouping with respect to component geometry and frequency has been proved to further minimize assembly time. Thus, we propose the Placement Location Metric (PLM) algorithm to recognize and measure the similarity between printed circuit board (PCB) patterns. Grouping PCBs based on the geometric and frequency patterns of components in boards will form clusters of locations and, if these clusters are common between boards, similarity among layouts can be recognized. Hence, placement time will decrease if boards are grouped together with respect to the geometric similarity because the machine head will travel less. Given these notions, this study develops a new technique to group PCBs based on the essences of both component commonality and the PLM. The proposed pattern recognition method in conjunction with the Improved Group Setup (IGS) technique can be viewed as an extended enhancement to the existing Group Setup (GS) technique, which groups PCBs solely according to component similarity. Our analysis indicates that the IGS performs relatively well with respect to an array of existing setup management strategies. Experimental results also show that the IGS produces a better makespan than its counterparts over a low range of machine changeover times. These results are especially important to operations that need to manufacture quickly batches of relatively standardized products in moderate to larger volumes or in flexible cell environments. Moreover, the study provides justification to adopt different group management paradigms by electronic suppliers under a variety of processing conditions.


An effective way to enhance learning and cognitive activity of students (teachers of physics to be) is to involve them in design and technical work. Attracting students to creative groups are practically effective. In their spare time they develop and product new training equipment for modern cell base using an especially composed program. That allows an organization of the project method in teaching physics and to organize a consistent cycle of training. The great part of the equipment for physical experimentation and automation of physical studies is designed on the Arduino board. This article describes the features of using microcontroller platform in design and technical work of students.


Competition in the business world in the era of globalization is now getting stronger. For that, a business requires a system that works efficiently and effectively. The Ganda Bakery is one of Pematang Siantar's special culinary delights which is well known among the people in the city and outside the city. Double Bakery is a legendary bakery that has existed since 1979 which is very crowded and in demand by people in the city and outside the city. Due to the large number of customers who come to the Double Bread Shop, so many new bakeries are trying to provide types of bread that resemble the menu in the Ganda Roti Shop, so that many new bakery businesses are opening to compete for customers at the Ganda Roti Shop. Therefore, by looking at the conditions and problems at the Ganda Bakery, it is necessary to have a media in the form of an online-based system to integrate ordering, marketing, and customer service that can manage the relationship between the company and its customers by creating applications with the CRM concept. In this study using the User-Centered Design (UCD) method is a new paradigm in the development of web-based systems. The purpose of using this UCD method is to overcome the problem of the user's inability to use the system, and it is hoped that the user will be able to know the function of the system only in one use. The UCD method involves potential users in the early stages of development so that potential users can provide input regarding the e-commerce system interface. The final result in building e-commerce is expected to produce maximum appearance and functionality and have usability values. So that UCD is very suitable to be used in developing and building systems effectively and efficiently at the Double Bakery.


This study compared no-no prompting procedures to simultaneous prompting procedures for 3 children with autism. Using a parallel treatments design, researchers taught rote math skills, receptive labels, or answers to "wh-" questions with both prompting systems. Results indicated that no-no prompting was effective in teaching all skills. By contrast, simultaneous prompting was effective in teaching only one pair of skills to 1 participant in the same amount of teaching time and trials. Researchers conducted a preference assessment to determine which of the two prompting procedures the 3 participants preferred. The participants showed mixed preferences for the two procedures.


Abstract In the early 70s A. Kaneko studied the problem of continuation of regular solutions of systems of linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients to compact convex sets. We show here that the conditions be obtained for real analytic solutions also hold in the quasi-analytic case. In particular we show that every quasi-analytic solution of the system p(D)u = 0 defined outside a compact convex subset K or Rn can be continued as a quasi-analytic solution to K if and only if the system is determined and the -module Ext1(Coker p′, ) has no elliptic component; here is the ring of polynomials in n variables, p is a matrix with elements from and p′ is the transposed matrix. In the scalar case, i.e. when p is a single polynomial, these conditions mean that p has no elliptic factor.


John M Tomlinson was born and educated in Chester. After house jobs at the Middlesex Hospital, the Central Middlesex Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Children's Hospital, and the Mother's Hospital London he joined a general practice in his hometown in 1961. He was unable to institute all the changes he would have liked in the practice, and so he and his family left Chester for Alton in 1969.

He joined Walter Larcombe, a GP close to retirement who, noting John's energy and enthusiasm, gave him the freedom to reorganise the practice. Alton had a GP maternity unit, GP beds in the Alton General Hospital, and the possibility of building one of the new health centres. John negotiated with the local authority, and with the cooperation of the other GPs a new health centre was opened in 1974. There was accommodation for GPs and for consultants coming from Basingstoke Hospital to do outpatients, an enriching experience for the GPs and an advantage for Alton patients. This was part of a pioneering movement …


This paper aims at estimating the determinants of co-authorship in economics. More specifically, we test the existence of a potential relationship between the research efficiency of an individual and that of his co-authors (the so called assortative matching hypothesis) using a novel database of French academic scholars. However, individual research productivity should be an endogenous regressor as the quality of an academic's publication will depend somehow on the quality of his co-authors. We have applied the Two Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) approach in order to take into account this endogeneity bias. The main empirical result is that the number and the quality of a researcher's co-authors reflect the productivity of that researcher.There is also a significant gender effect: being a woman has no impact on the probability of never collaborating with other economists but it decreases both the quality and the quantity of co-authors. Finally, lifetime cycles are also an important determinant of the co-authorship trend as the social imprinting hypothesis would suggest. So institutional changes occurred in French academia in mid-eighties have had a large impact on individual research productivity.