Problem setting. Today, one of the forms of atypical employment that has not been studied by the science of labor law remains work "on call". At the end of 2019, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine registered the draft "Labor Law Codex", which introduced an employment contract for work on call under the name "employment contract with non-fixed working hours". Working hours when working on-call has certain characteristics, as for rest time, it can be noted that in the case of a contract with non-fixed working hours, after working a set number of hours for each call, the worker is without work, in a state of "waiting" the next call, which is impossible to predict. Therefore, the question arises whether can "waiting time" relate to the rest time?Analysis of resent researches and publications. The legal regulation of atypical employment has been analysed by S. Golovin, I. Kiselev, A. Lushnikov, M. Lushnikova, D. Morozov, O. Motsna, N. Nikitina, Protsevskyy O., O.Rymkevych, V.Soifer, O.Yaroshenko. However, there are a number of problems that do not have sufficient coverage, including the question of the ratio of call waiting time to rest time.Article's main body. In the case of a contract with non-fixed working hours, after working out the set number of hours for each call, the employee is out of work, in a state of "waiting" for the next call, which is impossible to predict in advance. At this time, the employee is really free from performing their work duties, however, in our opinion, this time cannot be fully used by the employee at his discretion, since the latter is in the call standby mode and, if it is received, must start working. During this period, certain restrictions apply to the employee (for example, the inability to travel to another area, the use of alcoholic beverages). Therefore, we believe that the period of "waiting for a call" is not exactly a time of rest in the doctrinal sense.Conclusions and prospects for the development. n our opinion, the ability to use time at your own discretion is a defining sign of attributing the waiting time to rest time or a special type of off-duty time. In this context, the time period (number of days) for which the employee must be notified of his / her return to work is important. We believe that the longer the call notification period, the more opportunities the employee will have to use the waiting time at their own discretion (for example, if it is 7 days before the expected start date, the employee has the opportunity to travel to another area and return in advance, work for another employer, and so on), so the waiting time will be close to the signs of rest time. The study of such a category as "waiting time" for work in a contract for work with non-fixed working hours is important and requires further research in order to improve the current labor legislation.


A new decision by a U.S. federal judge and leading antitrust scholar has reaffirmed the U.S. antitrust principle that competitive restraints adopted to foster competitor collaborations will not…


F. Attneave (1954) famously suggested that information along visual contours is concentrated in regions of high magnitude of curvature, rather than being distributed uniformly along the contour. Here the authors give a formal derivation of this claim, yielding an exact expression for information, in C. Shannon's (1948) sense, as a function of contour curvature. Moreover, they extend Attneave's claim to incorporate the role of sign of curvature, not just magnitude of curvature. In particular, the authors show that for closed contours, such as object boundaries, segments of negative curvature (i.e., concave segments) literally carry greater information than do corresponding regions of positive curvature (i.e., convex segments). The psychological validity of this informational analysis is supported by a host of empirical findings demonstrating the asymmetric way in which the visual system treats regions of positive and negative curvature.


Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most crucial non-traditional machining methods used in molds and dies manufacturing, and conductive materials machining, which are difficult to machine by traditional methods. The EDM performance is affected by several machining parameters with different contribution percentages. In this study, the experimental investigations were conducted on DIN 2767 tool steel using CuCrZr, Cu and CuCo1Ni1Be (CNB) electrodes. The most influential process parameters were focused on to improve the EDM performance. The value of the process parameters and their levels were discharge current (6, 12 and 25 A), pulse-on time (50, 200 and 800 μs) and pulse-off time (50, 200 and 800 μs). Optimal levels of machining process parameters were obtained by employing the Taguchi L27 orthogonal arrays. The experimental results showed that the optimal combination of the machining parameters for maximum material removal rate was A3B2C1 using a CNB electrode. For minimum tool wear rate, the optimal parametric combination was A1B3C1 and Cu electrode. The optimal parametric combination was A1B3C3 and CuCrZr electrode for minimum surface roughness. The study further revealed the relation and interaction effect between process parameters for the performance measures. Lastly, the process parameters affected and changed the DIN 2767 tool steel workpieces' surface integrity as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy images.


Since the advent of matrix array transducer, three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has come to frequent clinical use. It has significantly enhanced the communication between the operators and cardiac imagers in the operating room as well as in the cardiac interventional labs. This article reviews the history, technological aspects, and the protocol for acquisition and processing of the data sets. It also discusses its advantages in various clinical scenarios, both in diagnostic and therapeutic situations. It highlights its limitations in the current form and prospects of future development. (Echocardiography 2012;29:103‐111)


Abstract The gametophytes of four tropical, terrestrial species of Huperzia – H. crassa, H. cumingii, H. hypogaea, and H. saururus – grow in axenic culture on a nutrient medium containing inorganic nutrients and glucose. The gametophytes of all species are dorsiventral, axial structures, which can be straight, curved, narrow, or wide. Paraphyses and gametangia form on the dorsal surface and rhizoids on the ventral surface. The apical meristem is overarched by immature dorsal tissue. Minor differences in the paraphyses and gametangia exist among the species. These gametophytes are Type III gametophytes as is the case for the previously described gametophytes of two other terrestrial species of Huperzia.


In this paper we consider the optimization of a Petaweb backbone, a core-based composite-star infrastructure capable of accommodating petabit-per-second traffic volumes. The problems of designing both regular and quasi-regular Petaweb structures have recently been discussed in the literature. Our contribution is twofold. First, we propose a new model to optimally plan the regular Petaweb structure: using general purpose optimization software with our formulation allowed us to obtain provably optimal solutions even for large networks. Second, we tackle the problem of directly optimizing the quasi- regular topology: we introduce an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and devise an ad-hoc heuristic algorithm. We illustrate through experimental results that we can obtain in this way very good configurations for the original architecture.


Introduction: A third of patients needing arterial bypass grafts lack sufficient autologous vessels. Prosthetic alternatives - principally PTFE and Dacron - have poor patency rates because of compliance mismatch with elastic arteries and inherent surface thrombogenicity. The aim of this research was to develop - for the first time - a hybrid tissue-engineered bypass graft consisting of an elastic scaffold of compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (CPU), incorporated with human smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells(EC).;Methods: 1) Methods of human vascular SMC and EC extraction were assessed for both saphenous vein and umbilical cord vessels. 2) Extracted cells were assessed by immunostaining and for SMC the ability to contract collagen gels. 3) Coating CPU with various biomolecules (to make the surface bioactive), cell seeding density and attachment period were assessed for their impact on SMC attachment. 4) Cell growth on CPU was investigated by retroviral transduction of the GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) gene and assays of cell viability and nucleic acid content. 5) A bioreactor and pulsatile flow circuit was developed for long-term culture of cells on CPU. 6) The impact of shear stress pre-conditioning on cell retention on the hybrid bypass graft was investigated under arterial flow conditions.;Results: 1) SMCs were reliably extracted from umbilical cord and saphenous vein. ECs were only reliably extracted from umbilical cord. 2) Cord SMCs grew faster than saphenous vein SMCs (doubling time of 3.4+0.6 days against 5.6+1.9 days p = 0.0227): all SMCs stained for alpha-actin and contracted collagen gels 3) SMC attachment to CPU was significantly enhanced by Fibronectin-like Engineered Polymer Protein Plus FEPP+ (from 20.7+4.6% to 31.5 5.9%: pO.Ol), higher cell density but not longer attachment period. 4) Transducing SMCs with GFP successfully allowed live cell imaging on CPU and assays of both viable cells and nucleic acid confirmed cell growth on CPU. 5) The flow circuit successfully allowed long-term sterile culture of cells on CPU. 6) Retention of SMCs and ECs on CPU was improved by a period of shear stress pre-conditioning: from 56.7+7.0% to 76.2+6.5% SMC retention and from 45.6+2.3% to 67.4+4.0% EC retention (p<0.03).;Conclusion: Pre-lining CPU with FEPP+ enhances SMC attachment. GFP-transduction allows study of SMC growth on CPU. Pre-conditioning enhances retention of SMCs and ECs onto CPU, probably because the mechanical stimuli orientate the cells and increase the release of matrix proteins and attachment factors. The stage is now set for developing a hybrid graft for in vivo studies.


Layering of recombinant hIL-10 producing Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis Thy12) on inert carriers is a promising technique for the preparation of a multi-particulate formulation of viable, hIL-10 producing L. lactis. To improve viability after layering and storage, L. lactis Thy12 was layered in different matrices (10% skim milk and/or 2.5, 5, 10% inulin). After layering, the highest viability was obtained in the 10% skim milk supplemented with 5% inulin matrix (8.7%). However, upon storage, 10% skim milk alone yielded the highest viability. Thereby, layered L. lactis Thy12 showed superior long term stability in comparison with freeze-dried L. lactis Thy12. The layering process was performed during 3h without encountering technical problems, with good layer consistence and constant viability. Enteric properties were obtained with a 30% Eudragit L30D-55 or 15% Eudragit FS30D coating and maintained during an initial six months storage period (-20 degrees C/20% RH). After in vitro simulation of the gastric stage, only 5% of the bacteria remained viable in Eudragit L30D-55 coated pellets, contrary to 85% in Eudragit FS30D coated pellets, indicating its superior protective capacity against gastric fluid. After eight months storage (-20 degrees C), 80% of the initial L. lactis Thy12 remained viable in the Eudragit FS30D coated pellets.


The Cumaovasi basin, formerly known as the Cubukludag Graben, is located at the western end of Gediz and Kucuk Menderes grabens in the west Anatolian extensional province. It is 5-17-km wide and 35-km-long, NNE-SSW-trending, asymmetric basin that was formed under the control of strike-slip and oblique-slip normal faults. The basin contains two different infills that are separated by an angular unconformity: (1) an ancient basin fill consisting of Lower Miocene-Lower Pliocene sequences which accumulated in a fluvio-lacustrine depositional setting, and deformed by NE-SW-trending strike-slip faulting; and (2) a modern basin fill consisting of Plio-Quaternary units that are controlled by synchronous strike-slip and normal faulting. Movement on these faults resulted in deposition of the gently tilted Plio-Pleistocene Gorece formation and the recent horizontal alluvium. The Gorece formation consists of reddish alluvial fan deposits, while the unconformably overlying recent alluvium is made up of alluvial fan, alluvial plain, and fluvial deposits. Metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massif and rocks of the Bornova melange form the basement to the basin fill units. Structural data from both of the northern and southern margin-bounding faults of the Cumaovasi basin are consistent with oblique-slip normal faults with sinistral and dextral strike-slip components. The western margin is bounded by strike-slip faults. The geomorphologic indicators along the western margin of Cumaovasi basin and kinematic analysis on the striated fault planes support two senses of movements, each having opposite kinematic indicators. Quantitative indications are presented for the polyphase evolution of the Cumaovasi basin, with a change from transpressional to transtensional tectonics, due to an anticlockwise rotation of the stress tensor around vertical axis. The earliest period of evolution is represented by sinistral strike-slip faulting that is documented in outcrops along the Orhanli Fault Zone. This transpressional regime is inferred to be responsible for the NW-SE shortening associated with NE-SW extension. The younger structural data obtained from the Cumaovasi basin support a mixture of normal and strike-slip movement in a transtensional tectonic regime that formed under an approximately N-S extensional direction associated with an approximately E-W compression. This transtensional phase is still ongoing in the region, as indicated by active fault planes and focal mechanisms of shallow earthquakes. The transition from transpressional to transtensional tectonic regime in the Cumaovasi basin has been a consequence of local stress field inversion in the region. This local inversion should be taken into account during discussion of the regional tectonics of western Anatolia.


ABSTRACT As the 2003 European heatwave demonstrated, overheating in homes can cause wide-scale fatalities. With temperatures and heatwave frequency predicted to increase due to climate change, such events can be expected to become more common. Thus, investigating the risk of overheating in buildings is key to understanding the scale of the problem and in designing solutions. Most work on this topic has been theoretical and based on lightweight dwellings that might be expected to overheat. By contrast, this study collects temperature and air quality data over two years for vulnerable and non-vulnerable UK homes where overheating would not be expected to be common. Overheating was found to occur, particularly and disproportionately in households with vulnerable occupants. As the summers in question were not extreme and contained no prolonged heatwaves, this is a significant and worrying finding. The vulnerable homes were also found to have worse indoor air quality. This suggests that some of the problem might be solved by enhancing indoor ventilation. The collected thermal comfort survey data were also validated against the European adaptive model. Results suggest that the model underestimates discomfort in warm conditions, having implications for both vulnerable and non-vulnerable homes.


Previous work has shown a pattern of lower household incomes for those Paraguayan farms with female landowners in the household. The study of agricultural production reveals that Paraguayan women specialize in livestock and dairy production, while men specialize in crop production. An analysis of crop specialization and crop yields finds no significant differences in yields among households along gender lines, although women appear to specialize in food crops. Finally, households with female land rights have markedly lower rates of return on agricultural production.


This article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of the place of the Institute of public control in the mechanism of implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in the Russian Federation. The article substantiates the position that the institutionalization of the category "public control" in constitutional law requires the study of its place and role in the compositional structure of democracy, serving in turn, the constitutional and legal guarantee for its implementation.


This paper explores the role of labour market policy and institutional factors in explaining cross-national differences in earnings mobility across Europe in the 1990s using the European Community Household Panel and OECD data on institutional variables. More regulation in both labour and product markets emerge as sources of labour market rigidity, being positively associated with earnings immobility and exacerbating the adverse effects of macro-economic shocks on earnings mobility. Unionization is found to promote earnings mobility, effect, however, counteracted in periods with adverse macroeconomic shocks. Corporatism is found to promote mobility and to counteract the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility. The generosity of the unemployment benefit is found to limit the adverse effects of macroeconomic shocks on earnings mobility.


Biological activity of polyphenols is influenced by their uptake and is highly influenced by their interactions with the food matrix. This study evaluated the complex formation of blueberry polyphenols with fruit matrixes such as pectin and cellulose and their effect on the biological and antiproliferative properties of human colon cell lines HT-29 and CRL 1790. Free or complexed polyphenols were isolated by dialyzing aqueous or methanolic blueberry homogenates. Seven phenolic compounds and thirteen anthocyanins were identified in blueberry extracts. Blueberry extracts showed varying degrees of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, as well as α-glucosidase activity. Fruit matrix containing cellulose and pectin, or purified polygalacturonic acid and cellulose, did not retain polyphenols and showed very low antioxidant or antiproliferative activities. These findings suggest that interactions between polyphenols and the food matrix may be more complex than a simple association and may play an important role in the bioefficacy of blueberry polyphenols.


The article argues that, in contemporary journalism, the boundaries between lifestyle journalism and cultural journalism are blurring. The discussions of the article are based in comprehensive empirical studies, more specifically a content analysis of the coverage of lifestyle, culture and consumption in the Danish printed press during the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first; and secondly, interviews with Danish cultural journalists and editors. The studies reveal that the coverage of lifestyle is expanding and that culture, lifestyle and consumption are today contiguous—sometimes even inseparable—subject matters, which even for journalists are difficult to separate. The findings are interpreted in the light of especially Jansson's approach to mediatization of consumption as an expression of more general socio- and media cultural transformations of society.


A novel approach to modelling, simulation and verification of parallel algorithms and structures is presented based on the Matlab and Simulink environments. The approach is especially applicable for the verification of parallel algorithms for array processors. In this paper we focus on systolic arrays. The advantage is that the approach utilises professional and generally available tools. The efficiency and clarity of the approach are demonstrated on known systolic algorithms for matrix multiplication and modified Faddeev algorithm.


Objectives: to describe confl icts of couples and family expressed in the traits of the discrepancies among the versions of the facts given by the patients.


Abstract This article presents the results of two research projects on the emotions of men engaged in achievement outdoor sports. The conditions were analyzed under which emotions carry out positive functions. The question strikes us as a fundamental one, because it is of crucial importance when it comes to increasing sportspeople's success. The theoretical framework applied was that of microfunctionalism. The method, of a qualitative nature, was based on in-depth interviews, each lasting between 1.5 and 2 hr, with a total of 14 sportspersons. The results show that in order for emotions to fulfill positive functions, three conditions must be met: (a) existence of passion, which, with its dialectical character of pleasure and suffering, underlies all the other emotions and acts as a motor that pushes the sportsperson forward, despite all the contretemps he might meet on the way; (b) intense emotion work, which may be conducted only if accompanied by knowledge and experience of the natural environment acquired over the years; and (c) conciliation between emotion work and the feeling rules characteristic of each sport subculture. For those individuals who pursue achievement in outdoor sports, these results will provide more concrete indications regarding how to carry out the emotional preparation required for these sports.


This paper studies the performance of ad hoc networks with local FDMA scheduling using stochastic point processes. In such networks, the Poisson assumption is not justified due to interdependencies between points introduced by scheduling. For this reason, an upper bound on the second reduced moment measure is derived. Using this result, two lower bounds on the success probability are given, based on the second order product density and a non-homogeneous Poisson approximation. The relative performance of local FDMA is compared to random channel access. It is shown that the relative outage probability reduction of local FDMA highly depends on the SIR threshold as well as on the ratio of transmission distance to orthogonalization distance. If these two quantities are small, the improvement is high; the number of channels has only a minor effect on the relative improvement.


This study uses errors found in essays by Korean learners in Taiwan and Japan as research material and from the findings compares and analyzes the types and causes of learners' grammatical and lexical errors. Regarding grammatical errors, the following three conclusions were reached. (a) The causes of errors (intralingual or interlingual) by Korean learners in both countries are often the same. (b) When the type of error is the same, there is no difference in the error ratio between the two countries, but the causes of error may differ. (c) There are errors that appear in only one of the countries. Regarding lexical errors, similar error patterns - namely, "error by target word synonyms", "error by direct translation of Chinese characters in the mother tongue", and "error due to difference from mother tongue"-emerged from learners in both countries due to the commonality of the use of Chinese characters in the three languages of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The cause of errors was all due to "transfer", except for "error by target words' synonyms". (National University of Kaohsiung, Waseda University)


【Objective】To study the character of genome sequence,evolvement biology and the screeningof functional genes of jackfruit,determination of the genome size of jackfruits was an preliminary task.【Methods】Tomato and litchi'feizixiao'were served as internal references,and Otto was extract. The flu-orescence intensities of the internal reference and jackfruit were measured by flow cytometry( FCM) afterthe mixed nucleus samples dyed by propidium iodide(PI). Comparing the multiple relationships betweenthe two peak values,the polidy level and genome size was calculated for different jackfruit lines.【Re-sults】10 selected jackfruit lines were diploid. The hard jackfruit genome size range from(1 243.75±9.21)Mb to(1 540.63±3.55)Mb,while the soft jackfruit genome size was about(1 902.87±8.08)Mb.【Conclu-sion】The genome sizes varied in different jackfruit lines,and the Nuclear DNA contents of soft lineswere much greater than that of hard lines.


Objective Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a different disease than dermatomyositis in adults in many ways including more vascular inflammation and vasculopathic thrombosis as previously described. The authors tested the hypothesis that JDM disease course in children with disease onset at or below age 3 years may be different than that of children with disease onset at greater than 3 years of age. Methods Institutional Review Board approval was obtained to retrospectively review the charts of 78 patients from age 0–18 years with JDM seen in pediatric rheumatology clinic at Nationwide Children's Hospital over the past 23 years the diagnosis was made by the treating pediatric rheumatologist. Not all the patients met the Bohan and Peter criteria, as muscle biopsy and EMG were not always performed. The data regarding disease course and outcome were collected as of the last clinic follow-up. Wilcoxon 2-sample test and χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare continuous variables and categorical variables respectively. Results The mean age of onset in the two groups was 27 months and 91 months. The mean times between onset of symptoms to diagnosis in younger and older age groups were 5.6 months and 4.5 months, respectively. The younger onset group had more females (p=0.05) and their disease onset occurred less frequently during the typical winter-spring seasons (p=0.031). The younger onset group was more likely to have a preceding fever (p=0.029) and family history of autoimmune diseases (p=0.012). The younger onset group was less likely to have heliotrope rash (p=0.04), Gottron's sign (p=0.049), capillary 2 loop abnormalities (p=0.010) or creatine kinase (CK, p=0.022), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p=0.021) and aldolase (p=0.035) elevations. The younger children were more likely to have atypical histopathology (p=0.02) at presentation. The younger onset group was treated less often with pulse methylprednisolone at diagnosis (p=0.043) and less often with hydroxychloroquine (p=0.035). There were no differences between the two groups in the initial oral steroid dose (p=0.8017), number of patients who received methotrexate at diagnosis (p=0.709), and ever received other immunosuppressants (p=0.323). The mean (p=0.06) and maximum (p=0.002) duration of methotrexate therapy, and the mean (p=0.06) and maximum (p=0.016) duration of oral steroid therapy, was shorter in the younger group. Younger age group patients were more likely to experience a monocyclic course (p=0.027) and less likely to have active disease at 5 (p=0.017) and 10 years postdiagnosis (p=0.019). The younger patients were less likely to have osteonecrosis (p=0.023) and more likely to die of their disease. Conclusion There were significant differences between JDM patients with disease onset at or below age 3 years, compared to their older counterparts. Younger patients in our cohort had fewer typical findings at diagnosis. They were more likely to experience a monocyclic course, a shorter and milder total disease course, and a shorter maximum duration of oral steroid and methotrexate therapy. Younger patients had predominantly monocyclic disease, and a lower proportion had active disease at 5 and 10 years. In spite of having milder disease course, patients with younger onset had a higher mortality and a similar complication rate compared to the older onset patients, except for osteonecrosis which was higher in the older onset group.


The European food chain is generally considered as one of the safest in the world. Paradoxically, consumers in Europe have little confidence in the safety of their food supply and remain sceptical and distrustful of the institutions and the procedures currently in place. Consumer trust has declined as a result of a series of recent food safety incidents (e.g. BSE, dioxins) and the introduction of genetically modified foods in Europe. SAFE FOODS aims to restore consumer confidence in the food chain through the development of a new integrated risk analysis approach for foods. In this new framework, an efficient interaction between the risk analysis components and integration of societal values will play a central role (Fig. 1). SAFE FOODS is coordinated by Dr Harry Kuiper and Dr Hans Marvin of the RIKILT Institute of Food Safety in Wageningen, the Netherlands. It is in many ways the successor of ENTRANSFOOD, an EU project that focused on the safety assessment of genetically modified food crops. Dr Hans Marvin is also coordinating another EU FP6 project, SELAMAT (meaning safety in the Malay language). Being a sister project of SAFE FOODS, SELAMAT aims to create a network for sharing food safety expertise between Europe and Asia. The EU 6th Framework Integrated Project SAFE FOODS celebrated its first anniversary in April 2005 and its research activities are now on full speed. Lasting four years, SAFE FOODS seeks to refine risk analysis practice for food safety via an interdisciplinary approach. Combining the skills of natural and social scientists, 33 institutions from 17 countries are involved. The inclusion in the project of researchers from South Africa and China allows the risk analysis strategies developed to be tested on a global scale. SAFE FOODS aims to design new and effective procedures for analysing risks for foods produced by different production practices (high- or low-input systems) and with different breeding technologies (traditional, molecular and genetic modification). In the project, questions are addressed regarding (1) the applicability of new functional genomics profiling technologies for the identification of emerging risks in food production; (2) how information about risk assessment should be communicated to the public and how public concerns can be incorporated into this process; (3) how effective communication and inclusive public participation in risk management and science and technology policy can be developed; and (4) the role of institutions involved in risk assessment and management in the light of a broader risk analysis framework taking socio-economic, risk-benefit issues, consequences of introducing foods and new production methods into account. The main objectives of SAFE FOODS are as follows: ? to develop comparative safety assessment methods for foods produced by different breeding approaches and production practices; ? to design a working-procedure for early identification of emerging chemical or microbial risks in food production chains in an expanding European market; ? to investigate consumers confidence/preferences in risk analysis practices for foods including labelling and nutrition issues; ? to understand differences in food risk perceptions of consumers, experts, and decision makers, and to design informative risk communication strategies; ? to investigate the role of institutions across Europe involved in risk assessment and management given the greater interest of the consumer in taking a broader impact of food production on environment, animal welfare and sustainability; ? to design a new risk analysis approach for foods, integrating scientific principles, societal aspects and effective public participation. The major outcome of the project will be a new risk analysis approach for food safety management that integrates risk assessment of human health, consumer preferences and values, as well as impact analysis of socio-economical aspects. In the SAFE FOODS project, special attention is given to training activities and to dissemination of its research results. For more details, please visit our project website (http://www.safefoods.nl). If you are interested to receive project updates, please email your full contact details to email@example.com For more information on the other EU projects please visit: http://www.entransfood.com http://www.selamat.net Figure 1 The SAFE FOODS risk analysis framework Figure 1 The SAFE FOODS risk analysis framework


: We studied 26 margarines, 13 from hydrogenated fats and 13 from fractionated or interesterified fats, by using (1) traditional routine analyses, (2) silica gel column chromatography to separate the polar compounds, (3) high-performance size-exclusion chromatography for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the single classes of substances constituting the polar compounds, and (4) gas chromatography to determine the fatty acid composition and the transisomers. The margarines prepared from hydrogenated fats showed significantly higher mean contents of both triglyceride oligopolymers (P< 0.05) and transisomers (P< 0.001). Margarines obtained from fractionated or interesterified fats showed significantly higher mean contents (P< 0.05) of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Hammurabi (ca. 1792–1750 BC), was the greatest ruler in the first Babylonian dynasty. He became king of Mesopotamia (today's Iraq) and reigned for 40 years during which he transformed Mesopotamia into the world's first metropolis.1 The greatness of Babylon is largely attributed to him. He was a very successful military leader who, through his campaigns, extended the empire from the Persian Gulf in the north, through the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the west.

Hammurabi's main contribution was his much celebrated elaboration of the laws governing Babylonian life called the Code of Hammurabi (Codex Hammurabi).2 This is regarded as an earliest example of a 'constitution.' It began and ended with addresses to the Gods …


A four-year old Sudanese child presented with a growing mass in the medial aspect of the right thigh. The mass appeared during the neonatal period. On clinical examination a diagnosis of lipoblastoma was entertained on the basis of the patient's age and the clinical features of the mass. The tumor was completely excised surgically. The clinical diagnosis of lipoblastoma was confirmed pathologically. Follow-up of the patient for 6 months postoperatively showed no evidence of recurrence.


The authors discuss linear methods for the solution of linear inverse problems with discrete data. Such problems occur frequently in instrumental science, e.g. tomography, radar, sonar, optical imaging, particle sizing and so on. They give a general formulation of the problem by extending the approach of Backus and Gilbert (1968) and by defining a mapping from an infinite-dimensional function space into a finite-dimensional vector space. The singular system of this mapping is introduced and used to define natural bases both in the solution and in the data space. They analyse in this context normal solutions, least-squares solutions and generalised inverses. They illustrate the wide applicability of the singular system technique by discussing several examples in detail. Particular attention is devoted to showing the many connections between this method and techniques developed in other topics like the extrapolation of band-limited signals and the interpolation of functions specified on a finite set of points. For example, orthogonal polynomials for least-squares approximation, spline functions and discrete prolate spheroidal functions are particular cases of the singular functions introduced. The problem of numerical stability is briefly discussed, but the investigation of the method developed for overcoming this difficulty, like truncated expansions in the singular bases, regularised solutions, iterative methods, and so on, is deferred to a second part of this work.


Mobile computing and communications technology embodied in the modern cell phone device can be employed to improve the lives of diabetes patients by giving them better tools for self-management. Several companies are working on the development of diabetes management tools that leverage the ubiquitous cell phone to bring self-management tools to the hand of the diabetes patient. Integration of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) technology with the cell phone platform adds a level of convenience for the person with diabetes, but, more importantly, allows BGM data to be automatically captured, logged, and processed in near real time in order to provide the diabetes patient with assistance in managing their blood glucose levels. Other automatic measurements can estimate physical activity, and information regarding medication events and food intake can be captured and analyzed in order to provide the diabetes patient with continual assistance in managing their therapy and behaviors in order to improve glycemic control. The path to realization of such solutions is not, however, without obstacles.


Description: This book investigates savings and risk-coping behavior of rural households in developing countries, particularly focusing on portfolio choice and activity choice made by households. The relationship between anti-poverty interventions and risk is also examined. The book first focuses on the role of portfolio adjustment for households in mitigating crop-income shocks, drawing upon monthly and seasonal data constructed from the ICRISAT data in India. We confirm that households use crop inventory, currency and capital assets as buffer stock against transitory income shocks. Secondly, we investigate the extent to which public and market employment serve as an income stabilising role in India. We then statistically show that the Employment Guarantee Scheme has both promotional effects, the effects of helping the poor escape from poverty, and promotional effects, the effects of preventing the non-poor escaping from poverty. The final chapter scrutinises the role of livestock as liquid assets in rural Kenya. We show that many rural households are currently liquidity-constrained and liquidity constraints are closely associated with cattle-holding.


Chinas enormous population is the major obstacle to ongoing economic development in the country. Consumer demands drive market-based consumption-dominated economies. Chinas huge population is simply a basic feature of the country. As such the countrys consumption strategy should be based upon the condition of such a large population. China will give priority to the development of labor-intensive industry and devote much attention to science and technology. All Chinese people hope that China will increase the speed at which it modernizes. However it is unclear how to achieve that goal over the long term. It will be problematic if China follows the path of Japan and Western Europe after World War II. The nation should instead give priority to the development of labor-intensive industry since industry in the developed countries is capital- and technology-intensive. In so doing China will exploit its resource advantage while reducing the high national level of unemployment.


Japan's SME policies have reached a turning point. The traditional policy of "lifting up SMEs" has been changed into a more pro-competitive policy to foster entrepreneurship and innovation in SMEs. This paper evaluates this policy and the new innovation promotion schemes initiated by METI through an examination of plant-level micro data. Longitudinal micro-data from the Census of Manufacturing are linked to the list of firms participating in SME innovation policy schemes under the Law on Creative Activities in SMEs and the Law on Supporting Business Innovation in SMEs. The plant-level pattern of industrial dynamics suggests that both policies for new business start-ups and for innovation creation in existing firms are important. In addition, positive effects on sales growth are observed for firms that participate in the programme on Creative Activity Laws. JEL classification: C35, L10, L50.


Urticaria is a very common disease which is often associated with angioedema. Release of histamine and perhaps other mediators from the cutaneous mast cells is believed to be the likeliest cause for the development of these wheals in most instances, but there may be both non-immunological as well as immunological inputs into this final common pathway. The former include trauma, cholinergic mechanisms and non-immunological histamine release by drugs. Immune mechanisms most commonly are of the IgE-mediated type, but occasionally the activation of complement or other mediators of hypersensitivity may be involved. Drug and food allergy are among the most common causes of acute urticaria, but there are numerous other possibilities which mandate a thorough general medical history and physical examination (including ruling out infection, connective tissue disease and neoplasms). In cases of chronic urticaria, when the lesions have persisted for longer than about 2 months, no cause for the disease is discernable in most instances. However, in these cases, as well as in acute urticaria, symptomatic treatment generally can provide substantial symptom relief, with emphasis on the astute use of various types of antihistamines.


The internet of things enables the owner or possessor of devices (ie movable property) to remotely disable them when they are under the unlawful physical control of unauthorised persons. In this article the author reviews more that 2 000 years of legal history to show that those erstwhile authorised holders who ceased to be such holders and still have the devices under their unlawful physical control are not treated by the law as lasting possessors with long lasting status as possessors in durable and peaceful possession who are able to bring the mandament van spolie against the owner or possessor for an order to reactivate the devices. The same applies to the thief caught red-handed by the owner, the latter is not the spoliator but the spoliatus. Freedom to contract is one of the fundamental competencies of legal subjects who have attained majority. Unless a contractor is exercising the alleged freedom in a way that is in conflict with public policy, contracting parties are free to construct the clauses to their agreement at will, and a contracting party cannot plead mala fides after representing to his/her counter-party consensus with the terms of their agreement. Since Roman law times an owner can come to an agreement with a subject renting his property on the terms of the rent agreement. The owner of a car may rent his vehicle to the lessee after agreeing on what the daily rent will be, how many kilometres will be included in the daily tariff and what every additional kilometre will cost. It may also be agreed that the rented vehicle may not be used for cross-border travel because of the risk of hijacking involved and it may be agreed that any breach of the contract will entitle the owner to switch off the engine management system via a built-in remote control system to prevent any further use of the vehicle in contravention of the terms of the contract. Many a secondary or tertiary institution has incorporated into the terms and conditions of the agreement with its students, governing the use of the tablets or computers provided by the institution to the disadvantaged students who are unable to acquire their own devices, the possibility of remotely freezing the device when it is misused or fraudulently being disposed of to a third party under the guise of alleged theft by an unknown person. The disabling of the device should not be classified as spoliation by the institution as the real spoliatus if it was agreed that the student will merely hold the device on behalf of the owner as legal possessor. Although it has been the legal position since Roman law times that the lessee in principle only holds the rented object on behalf of the owner as the legal possessor, nothing prevents a risk-averse owner from including ex abundanti cautela a clause in the agreement stating that he retains possession throughout the rental period and the lessee only acts as his vassal or holder exercising the corpus element of possession on behalf of the owner as legal possessor. The owner will throughout the term of the rent have the animus domini and the lessee merely the animus tenendi. If in such circumstances the lessee in contravention of the stated terms of the agreement does enter the prohibited border-crossing area with the rented vehicle, he should not be heard to complain about spoliation if the owner uses the agreed-to remote-control function to prevent the vehicle from crossing the border. In reality the owner as spoliatus was merely exercising contra spolie to regain control over his vehicle after the erstwhile lessee had spoliated the owner by this clandestine change in the lessee's animus from the animus tenendi to the animus rem sibi habendi without the consent of the owner and in contravention of the well-known rule nemo sibi ipse causam possessionis mutare potest. The erstwhile lessee should not be sanctioned in his self-righteous conduct as the active spoliator by a successful application to court for the mandament van spolie. Up to the clandestine change of his animus the lessee had never been in peaceful undisturbed legal possession of the vehicle or computer device. A spoliation order against a party other than the spoliator is logically beyond the scope of the purpose of the mandament to prevent a person from taking the law into his own hands, because he was merely the holder on behalf of the owner while the owner was throughout the legal possessor. The only remedies available to the erstwhile lessee should be contractual remedies if he asserts that the owner acted in breach of the contract by remotely switching off the vehicle engine management functions. A spoliation order is not available if it is being used to enforce a merely personal right, such as a contractual right of a lessee to use the rented object in accordance with the lease agreement. The risk of long court delays should also not be shifted onto the prudent owner in such circumstances, resulting in the erstwhile lessee continuing to self-righteously misuse the property of the lessor with the added risk that when the latter does succeed to court in three years' time the vehicle is long lost and unretrievable after the illegal border crossing and the erstwhile lessee is a hopelessly insolvent peregrinus. The same principles apply when the breach of contract is founded on any other misconduct of the lessee. Notwithstanding a clear term incorporated in the applicable rent agreement allowing the owner of the Scania trucks forming the crux of the case under discussion, in its sole discretion to be entitled to terminate the rental agreement forthwith by a relevant breach of contract, to remotely disable the vehicles and take immediate possession of the abandoned disabled vehicles at the cost of the hirer, the court awarded the erstwhile lessee the mandament van spolie against the owner who disabled and retrieved its vehicles after a clear breach of contract by the erstwhile lessee. It bodes ill for institutions and owners of property made available to their students or lessees who are by agreement merely holding on behalf of the owner as legal possessor if this unconvincing decision should be seen as a new precedent regarding contra spolie. The legal possessor can never simultaneously be defined as the spoliator of his own property that was per agreement to be held by another as his vassal if the latter in reality clandestinely changed his animus tenendi and by doing so acted as the legal spoliator against the owner as spoliatus. The court order against the owner to return the trucks and their keys, with the operating systems activated, to the applicant's possession who has not been in possession before the spoliation, is unconvincing.


EuPd3, which is in the trivalent (Eu3+) electronic state, is a rare compound because most Eu compounds are in the divalent (Eu2+) electronic state and order magnetically. The electronic state of EuPd3 was previously studied by Mossbauer, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray absorption experiments using polycrystalline samples. We succeeded in growing single crystals of EuPd3 by the Bridgeman method and carried out a de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) experiment. The dHvA branches detected in EuPd3 are well explained by the results of the full potential linear augmented plane wave (FLAPW) energy band calculation based on a local density approximation (LDA) with additional treatments for EuPd3, revealing the trivalent electronic state. Conduction electrons are mainly Pd-4d electrons. The cyclotron effective masses are determined from the temperature dependence of the dHvA amplitude, ranging from 0.3 to 1.0m0 (m0: rest mass of an electron), which are also consistent with the corresponding band masses.


As the feature size of integrated circuits (ICs) decreases and the IC clock frequency and transistor density per chip increase, the power density increases exponentially. As such, heat generation has become a critical issue in advanced high performance ICs in recent years. The current thermal solutions will soon be inadequate for heat dissipation. New thermal management strategies and high thermal conductivity materials are urgently needed for electronic thermal management within the chip and surrounding packaging. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are reported to be the most thermally conductive material (>3000 W/K.m), are a promising candidate for thermal management in microelectronics. However, several existing technical barriers have restrained their application of CNTs in microelectronic devices. One of the main challenges is that the high temperature required to grow high quality CNTs (>600degC) which is too high to be compatible with back-end microelectronic fabrication processes. Another major obstacle is the poor adhesion between CNTs and substrates, which results in high interface thermal resistance and poor long term reliability. To address these challenges, we proposes to use a novel CNT transfer process, which features separated steps of an in-situ open-ended CNT synthesis and a low-temperature CNT assembly to engineer the well-aligned open-ended CNT architectures for microelectronic thermal management. In-situ growth of high density open-ended CNTs with vertical alignment was first developed in our laboratory. To successfully achieve CNT assembly with good thermal performance, the following issues should be addressed: (1) Appropriate metals/solders should be selected to form good thermal and electrical coupling with CNTs. (2) The wetting of solder metal alloys in CNT channels and on the CNT outer walls by capillary force should be further clarified. (3) An appropriate solder reflow process should be developed to guarantee good wetting on CNTs. Preliminary results show that the transferred open-ended CNT structures can have very strong adhesion to the substrate, which promise to improve the CNT-metal interface properties. Initial thermal measurements of the CNT assembly with CNT height of ~180 mum show that the thermal conductivity and total thermal resistance of the assembly were 81 W/m.K and 0.43 cm2 K/W, respectively. The work on the improvement of thermal performance of the CNT assembly is ongoing, including the interfacial solder layer thickness optimization and material selection, and CNT film quality.


Abstract Drunk driving assumed near pandemic proportions in the 1980s, and state legislatures rushed to control it throughout the 1990s—largely with increased surveillance, apprehension, and punishment, key elements in a deterrence model. Early in the twenty-first century, researchers and policy makers suggested that deterrence models poorly served us in the control of drunk drivers. Policy makers needed better insights into the social psychology of chronic drunk drivers. In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi describe the propensity of low self-control persons to exhibit a higher propensity for crime and analogous behavior relative to persons with higher levels of self-control. Akers's social learning theory emphasizes the various mechanisms by which the motives, orientations, and methods of crime and delinquency are learned and reinforced. We used data collected as part of an assessment of a municipal court drug-treatment program to explore the ability of variables taken from both theories to predict status as an alcoholic, self-reported misconduct, and subsequent criminal conduct. We followed the program's 110 drunk drivers for at least six months after sentencing. We found that with respect to status as an alcoholic and reconviction status, age (i.e., being older) and level of self-reported misbehavior (i.e., higher levels of self-reported criminal activity) are the most crucial factors. In terms of the theoretical variables, only differential associations play a significant role in the analyses; further, this role appears to be indirect, through the level of self-reported misbehavior.


Study Design. Literature review. Objectives. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature and to attempt to formulate evidence-based recommendations for the surgical treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis in the pediatric population. Summary of Background Data. The surgical management of high-grade spondylolisthesis remains controversial due to the lack of high level evidence. Prospective randomized studies have not been completed. Methods. Through an electronic database search and published literature cross-reference, appropriate studies were identified and assigned the appropriate level of evidence. Results. There were no Level I or II evidence on this topic with our search. The best level of evidence that we have on this topic is retrospective comparative studies. We found 5 such articles which compared fusion in situ to reduction and fusion for high-grade spondylolisthesis. Pseudarthrosis rates are decreased by performing an instrumented reduction with a fusion. However, there is no significant difference in a clinical outcome of patients treated in situ versus reduction. Conclusion. Because of the paucity of high levels of evidence, we are not able to formulate clear guidelines for treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis based on the best evidence available in the published literature.


The topographic and geological conditions of several regions in Brazil favour the formation of large deposits of soft soils. Sometimes this requires the use of innovative techniques to allow constructions of geotechnical works in these sites. The presence of deep soft foundation soils has led to an increasing number of reinforced bridge abutments being built in the last years. However, little is known on the behaviour of such works, particularly with respect to displacements and bending moments induced in the neighbouring bridge foundations due to the construction of the embankment. In this paper, hypothetical bridge abutments were modelled, with and without the presence of geosynthetic reinforcement, aiming to evaluate the effects of the embankment construction on the foundations of the neighbouring bridge. The effects of the use of vertical drains and piles with caps underneath the embankments were also investigated. The results obtained clearly indicated the potential of the use of reinforcement, vertical drains or piles to reduce damages to the foundations of neighbouring structures caused by embankment construction. The use of vertical drains in conjunction with geosynthetic reinforcement showed an important effect on the reduction of horizontal displacements and moments in the piles of the bridge.


Author summarizes the causes of red eye: conjunctival hemorrhages and hyperemia of the eye, pointing out in which cases of red eye the patient should refer to an ophthalmologist and in which case can be treated by a non-ophthalmologist and by which drugs.


Objective The low detection rate of early and small tumors remains a clinical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of CD47 as a target for optical molecular imaging of human UTUC and conduct preliminary ex vivo imaging experiments. Methods We firstly analyzed the genome-wide mRNA expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens comprising UTUC and normal urothelium were collected. All tissue specimens were used for immunohistochemistry to compare CD47 protein expression in normal and cancer tissue. Meanwhile, 12 patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy were prospectively included in ex vivo imaging experiments. Freshly isolated upper urinary tract specimens were incubated with anti-CD47-Alexa Fluor 790 and then imaged under white light and near-infrared (NIR) light. Standard histopathologic evaluation was performed, and findings were correlated with CD47-targeted NIR molecular imaging. Results The GEO data revealed that CD47 mRNA expression was higher in UTUC specimens than that in paracancer normal tissue. In immunohistochemical analysis, the CD47 protein expression level was higher in both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive (stage ≥T2) UTUCs than that in normal uroepithelium, and the localization of CD47 protein was the tumor cell membrane. In the ex vivo imaging experiments, all patients were pathologically diagnosed with UTUC, and no adverse effects of anti-CD47-Alexa Fluor 790 on the histological structure of the tumor and normal uroepithelium were observed. In the NIR grayscale images, the mean fluorescence intensity of the tumor tissue was significantly higher than that of the adjacent normal background tissue, which greatly improved the visualization of the tumor. Conclusions CD47-targeted NIR molecular imaging could be a feasible and powerful strategy for the accurate diagnosis of UTUC. Larger-scale randomized trials are needed.


The problem of joint transfer of information and energy for wireless links has been recently investigated in light of emerging applications such as RFID and body area networks. Specifically, recent work has shown that the additional requirements of providing sufficient energy to the receiver significantly affects the design of the optimal communication strategy. In contrast to most previous works, this letter focuses on baseline multi-user systems, namely multiple access and multi-hop channels, and demonstrates that energy transfer constraints call for additional coordination among distributed nodes of a wireless network. The analysis is carried out using information-theoretic tools, and specific examples are worked out to illustrate the main conclusions.


In this papers, Study on the Bonding property and Strength Evaluation in Bonding interface Joints of Dissimilar material using DOE. We found optimal condition that uses experimental design method (Response Surface Analysis, DOE) used temperature, pressure, time on experiment factor. And we could get bonding condition and strength that break and crack do not happen in mechanical processing about united dissimilar material. And progress 3 point bending tests and verified result.


This paper investigates the relationship between the organizational commitment, demographic variables and job engagement. Data were collected using 2 structured questionnaires containing a five point Likert scale, Organizational Commitment Scale by Allen and Meyer (1991) and Job Engagement Scale (JES) by Rich, LePine & Crawford (2010). The study sample consisted of 150 teachers and simple random sampling was used as a sampling technique and this study was ex-post facto in nature. For the purposes of data analysis, correlation and multiple- regression were applied. The findings of the research revealed that age and income significantly correlated with organizational commitment, while job engagement is positively and significantly correlated with age, marital status, education, income, and work experience of the teachers. The study found that continuance commitment was the significant predictor of job engagement. Implication, limitation and suggestion for future research are discussed.


We derive the performance union bound of space-time trellis codes in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system (STTC-OFDM) over quasistatic frequency selective fading channels based on the distance spectrum technique. The distance spectrum is the enumeration of the codeword difference measures and their multiplicities by exhausted searching through all the possible error event paths. Exhaustive search approach can be used for low memory order STTC with small frame size. However with moderate memory order STTC and moderate frame size the computational cost of exhaustive search increases exponentially, and may become impractical for high memory order STTCs. This requires advanced computational techniques such as genetic algorithms (GAs). A GA with sharing function method is used to locate the multiple solutions of the distance spectrum for high memory order STTCs. Simulation evaluates the performance union bound and the complexity comparison of nonGA aided and GA aided distance spectrum techniques. It shows that the union bound give a close performance measure at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It also shows that GA sharing function method based distance spectrum technique requires much less computational time as compared with exhaustive search approach but with satisfactory accuracy.


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks could be considered as one of the most serious security problems to the Internet today. To locate the sources of the attack packets, we usually need to find the paths through which the attack packets traversed from the sources to the victim. In this paper, we identify the weaknesses of an existing algebraic marking scheme for tracing DDoS attacks, and propose an improved version of the marking scheme. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed marking scheme could achieve a high success rate in tracing the attack sources. When compared with other marking schemes, it requires fewer packets for attack paths reconstruction. Further, it is characterized by generating no false positives, creating no additional traffic to the network, having a relatively low packet marking and attack path reconstruction overhead, and being backward compatible.


A question currently facing evolutionary literary study is how to implement consilient practices in the classroom. By definition, consilient study involves application of the scientific method to literary analysis and other interpretive fields that traditionally fall under the humanities umbrella. However, the training of literary scholars does not typically include scientific study or the application of scientific research to literary theory and explication. This article is therefore aimed at those unversed in choosing suitable scientific texts and applying them to literary exegesis in the classroom. It takes as its model a course I have developed called Children's Literature in Evolutionary Perspective. Discussion emphasizes course design: level of instruction, selection and organization of course content, assessment methods, and teaching format.


Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most frequent chronic gastrointestinal disorder. It is defined as a condition developed when the reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation). This requires adequate treatment since it can lead to long-term complications including esophagus adenocarcinoma. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are generally used to treat GERD due to their high-security profile and efficiency on most patients. However, recurrent reflux despite initial treatment is frequent. N-of-1 trial is a study that allows the identification of the best treatment for each patient. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of standard dose with double dosage of esomeprazole, to improve the GERD symptoms in a single patient. Methods A single-patient trial, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, was carried out from September 25th, 2012, to April 26th, 2013. It included one outpatient at the gastroenterology service in a fourth-level hospital, diagnosed with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). Yet, his symptoms were heartburn and reflux, and his endoscopic results were normal esophageal mucosa, without hiatal hernia, though pathological pH values. A no-obese male without any tobacco or alcohol usage received esomeprazole 40 mg/day and 40 mg/bid for 24 weeks. A standardized gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) was used weekly to evaluate symptom frequency and severity. The consumption of 90% of the capsules was considered as an adequate treatment adherence. D'agostino–Pearson and Wilcoxon test were used to determine normal or nonnormal distribution and compare both treatments, respectively, both with a significant statistical difference of p < 0.05. Results The patient completed the study with 96% of adherence. The double dosage of esomeprazole did not improve the control of symptoms compared with the standard dosage. Mean symptomatic score was 9.5±0.5 and 10.2±0.6 for each treatment, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion There was no significant improvement in the patient GERD symptoms increasing the dose of oral esomeprazole during the 6 months of study. N-of-1 trials in chronic pathologies including GERD are recommended due to their potential value as systematic methods that evaluate therapies without strong scientific evidence.


Probabilistic graphical model (PGM) is a generic model that represents the probability-based relationships among random variables by a graph, and is a general method for knowledge representation and inference involving uncertainty. In recent years, PGM provides an important means for solving the uncertainty of intelligent information field, and becomes research focus in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence etc. In the paper, PGM and its three types of basic models are reviewed, including the learning and inference theory, research status, application and promotion.


Integrated modular avionics (IMA) systems are being installed on a number of new and modified aircraft. This paper provides a definition of IMA, an overview of the existing IMA certification guidance, and seven keys for successful implementation and certification of IMA systems. Additionally, this paper addresses some of the major certification concerns that should be considered by IMA manufacturers, aircraft applicants, and certification authorities when developing, selecting, or approving IMA technology.


Between 1977 and 1985, 149 male patients with anaplastic germ cell tumours (AGCT) completed chemotherapy with POMB/ACE (platinum, vincristine (oncovine), methotrexate, bleomycin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and etoposide). By increasing the number of courses of POMB in 1979, we have been able to compensate for adverse prognostic factors. Since then each patient has received at least three courses of POMB and 118 patients have completed therapy. The overall survival rate since 1979 is 89% and for the 100 patients who had not received prior radiotherapy it is 92%. We established that an initial serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG greater than 50,000 iu/l) and/or alphafetoprotein (AFP greater than 500 ku/l) indicated a poor prognosis. Between 1977 and 1979 the survival rate in 12 patients in this category was only 45%. After increasing the number of courses of POMB, the survival rate rose to 89% in 31 patients. However, patients who had received prior radiotherapy and who presented with high tumour markers (HCG greater than 50,000 iu/l and/or AFP greater than 500 ku/l) continue to have a poor survival rate (20% in five patients). With this chemotherapy, 14 of 16 patients (88%) presenting with liver metastases and 6 of 7 patients (86%) presenting with brain metastases are in complete remission. Neither the stage at presentation nor the volume of metastatic disease was a major adverse prognostic variable. We believe that POMB/ACE chemotherapy, followed by surgery in selected cases, is currently the best treatment for patients with AGCT.


In the military, Command and Control Information Systems (C2ISs) are used for issuing commands to subordinate units. In training or decision support, simulations are used instead of live military forces. The Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) is currently being developed as an interface language between C2ISs, simulations and robotic forces, and Norway (FFI) and the Netherlands (TNO) are working towards extending their national C2ISs and a COTS simulation system with a C-BML interface. One of the challenges encountered during this work is the fact that the orders issued by the C2IS are at company level and above, while most available simulation systems are designed to execute platoon and single platform tasks. Both FFI and TNO are investigating using a multi-agent system for decomposing orders to lower level task by simulating national tactics and doctrine. This paper presents and compares our development approaches and agent modeling paradigms.


In English , the Moving Ego metaphor conceptualizes the ego as moving forward through time and the Moving Time metaphor construes time as moving forward toward the ego. Recent research has provided evidence that people's metaphorical perspectives on deictic time may be influenced by experiences—both spatial and non-spatial—that are connected to approach motivations (Moving Ego) and avoidance motivations (Moving Time). We extend this research further , asking whether there are differences in preferred temporal perspective between those who exhibit higher and lower degrees of power , as high power has been connected to approach motivations and low power , to avoidance motivations. Across two temporal tasks , participants in our study who adopted high-power poses demonstrated a greater preference for the Moving Ego perspective , compared to those adopting low-power poses. These results suggest an embodied connection between approach and avoidance motivations and the Moving Ego and Moving Time metaphors , respectively.


Abstract. This work explores the dynamics of the water consumed by the vegetation in two Mediterranean watersheds of Sierra Nevada Mountains (Southern Spain). This region has experienced an increase in the demand of water in the last years due to the growth of irrigated areas, and a new water resources plan is required. The evapotranspiration (ET) of irrigated horticultural crops and natural communities were monitored for the hydrological years 2013/14 and 2014/15, using an approach based on the concept of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and canopy coefficients derived from the computation of vegetation indices (VIs), which we will call the VI-ETo approach. A set of Landsat-8 and MODIS images has been used as remote input data. The results were used for the spatial analysis of water consumption in terms of the main land cover types in the area. The annual runoff obtained with a simple surface water balance, using the ET values estimated by the VI-ETo approach, was comparable to that obtained by the HBV (Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning) model, a precipitation-runoff generation model that reproduces the observed river discharge at the outlet of the watershed.


BACKGROUND
Few data are available to establish recommendations for trace element supplementation during critical illness. This study quantified the loss of several elements and assessed the adequacy of manganese and selenium in parenteral nutrition (PN).

METHODS
Men with traumatic injuries were grouped by renal status: adequate (POLY; n = 6), acute failure with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH; n = 2), or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD; n = 4). PN supplied 300 microg/d manganese and 60 microg/d selenium. Urine and effluent (from artificial kidneys) were collected for 3 days and analyzed for boron, manganese, nickel, and silicon using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and for selenium using atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTS
POLY manganese and selenium excretion averaged (standard deviation [SD]) 7.9 (3.3) microg/d and 103.5 (22.4) microg/d, respectively. All elements except selenium were detected in dialysate (prior to use). CVVHD effluent contained 3.5 and 7.3 times more manganese and nickel than CVVH ultrafiltrate, respectively. Loss of manganese averaged 2.6%, 21%, and 73% of PN amounts for POLY, CVVH, and CVVHD groups, respectively.

DISCUSSION
Minimal loss of manganese compared with the amount in PN suggests that excessive amounts are retained. POLY patients excreted more selenium than was in PN, indicating negative balance. POLY losses of boron and silicon were less than that published for healthy adults, reflecting less than typical intake, whereas loss during CVVH was in the normal reference range, possibly because of added intake from boron contamination of replacement fluids. All patients lost more nickel than amounts published for healthy adults.

CONCLUSIONS
Current guidelines of 60-100 microg/d of parenteral manganese may be excessive for trauma patients. The uptake of manganese and nickel from contaminants in CVVHD dialysate should be investigated.


Environmental pollution is a severe issue in both developed and developing countries. Pollution is defined undesirable state of natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities. There is clear relationship between the growth manmade green house gas emissions and observed environmental climate change are claimed by policymakers. The most important causes of air pollution are human economic activities such as use of vehicles and industrial operations mainly in Chennai city. Air pollution is various types such as noise, water, air. It causes damages that are normally inflicted in society at large rather than on those directly responsible. In several city air is already polluted that it has been causing illness and deaths among elderly people and children. The high pollution density has placed great strain on available infrastructure and major problem for environmental in major cities of Tamil Nadu. It is recognized that climate change due to global warming going to important threat safety of millions of people not only living near coastline but also impacts on changing cyclones. The aim of the study focuses on objectives to environment in Chennai city to estimate the problems of air pollution environment in Challenge in Chennai city and suggest health cost of vehicular pollution and to suggest the Government measure to control air pollution in environment Chennai city.


We present a detailed protocol for the transient transfection of non-proliferating primary cultured hepatocytes that is easily reproducible. Using a modification of the classical CaPO4/DNA precipitation method, this protocol is an inexpensive alternative to other methods that are often cumbersome, expensive, difficult to reproduce or harmful to primary hepatocytes. Because only 0.5 x 10(6) cells are needed for a single transfection experiment, several reporter genes can be introduced into hepatocytes of a single liver preparation. With our protocol, different plasmids can be introduced into one cell. In this way, cis-trans interactions can be examined and reporter gene expression can be normalized for transfection efficiency. Furthermore, we describe details of a transfection experiment with two different reporter gene vectors using a luciferase gene and a lacZ gene. The results presented may be helpful to other groups concerned with improved timing of transfection experiments.


The radiation characteristics of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas vary with frequency, introducing directionally asymmetric bandwidth reduction and waveform dispersion. In this paper, we develop a simple technique to alleviate the distortion due to nonisotropically dispersive antennas, and use indoor channel measurements to verify its performance. The approach is based on multipath direction estimation and therefore involves antenna arrays. We show that antenna distortion can enhance sensor localization ambiguity and introduce errors in its estimate. Antenna compensation mitigates this effect, significantly improving the location estimation accuracy. We further demonstrate that antenna compensation helps reduce the small-scale fading artifacts that arise due to the antennas, thus reducing the channel spatial variability and delay spread. Our technique can also aid empirical channel characterization by providing antenna-independent propagation data.


1. The in vitro effects of dexamethasone on Na+ transport across the colon descendens from normal rats was investigated. Amiloride was used at two concentrations, 10 microM and 1 mM, to differentially inhibit the transport of Na+ across the colon. The colon descendens from each rat was divided into four segments and Na+ unidirectional fluxes before and 7 h after the addition of dexamethasone (10(‐6) M) were determined under short‐circuit conditions. 2. Base‐line JnetNa (net flux of Na+) was twice as high in the proximal segment as in the distal segment. The two middle segments had intermediate rates of Na+ transport. JnetNa in control tissue was unaffected by 10 microM‐amiloride but was completely inhibited by 1 mM‐amiloride. In control tissue, amiloride at either 10 microM or 1 mM had no effect on the transmural potential difference (p.d.), the transmural conductance (Gt) or the short‐circuit current (Isc). 3. Dexamethasone caused a time‐dependent increase in the p.d. and in the Isc in all four segments of the colon. The increase in the p.d. and Isc was greatest in the most distal segment and less in each of the successive more proximal segments. This segmental difference along the colon was observed in tissue from all animals studied (n greater than 30). 4. The increase in p.d. and Isc caused by dexamethasone was accompanied by an increase in JnetNa to the same maximum rate of 14 mu equiv cm‐2 h‐1 in each segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


In this article the author revisits the oldest attack on GOST known, the Kara Reflection attack, and another totally unrelated truncated differential attack by Courtois and Misztal. It is hard to imagine that there could be any relationship between two so remote attacks which have nothing in common. However, there is one: Very surprisingly, both properties can be combined and lead the fastest attack on GOST ever found, which is nearly feasible to execute in practice.


The EU is currently facing great challenges. Paradoxically, however, the crisis has demonstrated the endurance of the European model. The only long-term solution to the current challenges is to achieve sustained growth. To achieve this goal, Europe must balance austerity and expansion. In the current era of globalisation, the key to Europes success is to avoid the commodity trap and to discover the sweet spots of global value creation


Nutrients were assayed by their effect on maximum cell yield (maximum cell population less inoculum) of MRC-5 cells previously maintained in Eagle's basal medium with 10% (v/v) serum, trypsinised, centrifuged and washed. When nonlimiting amounts of iron, methylcellulose and a 68-component supplement were included in our defined medium, cell yields obtained were equivalent to those obtained with 2 to 3% whole serum. Growth then became limited by serum growth factors which, when serum was fractionated by the low temperature ethanol procedure, appeared to precipitate with the alpha-globulins, although the distribution of activity varied from batch to batch of serum. Column chromatography (DEAE and concanavalin A-Sepharose) of serum resulted in much (20 to 45%) loss of growth factor activity during exhaustive dialysis or Sephadex G-25 desalting suggesting that the growth factor may be a diffusible molecule bound in serum to a large protein carrier.


The main purpose of the experiences organized at Research and Development Institute for Vegetable and Flower Growing Vidra was to evaluate the behavior of different cultivars of eggplants in specific soil and climate conditions of the Vidra area and to identify those with high yields, with quality fruits and tolerant to soil borne pathogens attack. In 2016, 12 cultivars of eggplants were studied: 6 non-hybrid varieties (Daniela, Luiza, Dragaica, Zaraza, Belona, Black Beauty) and 6 hybrids (Andra F1, Rebeca F1, Bibo F1, Clorinda F1, Mirabelle F1, Epic F1).The highest yield was achieved in Rebeca F1 and Luiza cultivars. The highest vitamin C content was realized at Rebeca F1, Luiza, and Zaraza cultivars. The Mirabelle F1 hybrid and Black Beauty variety presented a reduced sensitivity to Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae.


Introduction: The purpose of the present project is to compare drawing characters of orphanage children and non- orphanage in draw a family test. Materials and Methods: This is a causal-comparative study which was done in April-May 2009. The sample consisted of 13 girls and 4 boys aged 7-10 in each of orphanage and non- orphanage groups. Orphanage group were selected from boarding house by available sampling and non-orphanage group were selected from Rasht elementary schools randomly. In this project Draw-a-Family Test has been performed by Corman procedure. Thus, the participants were asked to imagine a desirable family and draw it on the paper. Then, each child was asked about the role, age and the feeling of illustrated people toward each other and the character he liked to be instead. Data was analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Results indicated that in content indexes of Drawing-a-Family Test, such as the first drawn person, the biggest drawn person, the child identification issue, the last drawn person, the complete remove person and in drawing indexes of the test such as the extend of draw, the force of drawn lines, draw orientation, the child distance to parent, no significant difference was found between two groups, but there was a significant difference about add new person index between two groups (P=0.039). Orphanage group showed conflicts about the parent, while non-orphanage group had conflicts about the children of the family. Conclusion: According to Draw-a-Family Test, orphanage and non-orphanage children have different conflicts.


In order to investigate a possible relationship between serotonergic and fibrinolytic systems, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism was modified by the use of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine: 10 mg/kg body weight) and its effect on the fibrinolytic system was analyzed. Tranylcypromine caused a rise in whole blood 5-HT with a simultaneous fall in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly prolonged 1 and 4 h after injection and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity declined 4 h following administration with a simultaneous increase in its inhibitor (PAI) activity. Blood 5-HT was negatively related to tPA (r = -0.48; p < 0.05) and positively to PAI activities (r = 0.43; p < 0.05) in tranylcypromino-treated rats, whereas there were no such correlations in solvent-treated rats.


A method for detection of catalase mutants This technical note is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol8/iss1/25 absorbency at 340 mp is recorded for at least 3 min. An appropriate final dilution of enzyme from mycelial extracts containing about 5 mg protein is generally 2.5 x 10m4. One unit of enzyme is defined as that amount of protein catalyzing the oxidation of one pmole of NADH in the first minute of reaction. The initial reaction velocity is linear up to 5 min and proportional to protein concentration when the meowed activity is less than l/80 f o a unit (corresponding to an absorbency change of less than 0.08 per minute). Specific activity is expressed as units per mg of protein. _ _ _ Department of Biologic.1 Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Olsson, L. and H. G. KBlmork. A method for A screening method has been developed with the aim of detectdetection of cotalase mutants. ing mutants of Neurosporo crassa deficient in clctivity of the enzyme cotalase. The strain used, m-25, is micracanidioting, with (I very compact colonial growth. Conidia were routinely irradiated (in a concentration of 107/ml) with UV from D low-pressure Hg-lamp. Irradiation with doses to give 3-6% survival was carried out in the dark to prevent photoreactivation. The irradiated conidio were immediately diluted in Fries' minimal medium and plated on the surface of minimal ogor medium. Discs of thin terylene net (the meshes a-bout 0.4 mm2) were, after plating, superimposed tightly onto the surface of the medium. The colonies are, after 5-7 days of growth in the dark at 2B'C, attached to the net and can be partly removed with the latter, leaving a replica on the plate. Enzymatic testing can then be performed on one of these replicas, leaving the other for isolations. A 1.5% solution of sodium perborate (NaB02.3H20.H202) was used as a substrate for the catalytic reaction, according to the method described by Feinstein (1949 J. Bidl. Chem. 180: 1197). The solution was adjusted to pH 6.7 and made semi-solid with 0.2% agar. In o typical experiment the net was removed and the remaining parts of the colonies flooded with tile substrate. A distinct production of gas from the individ;a&&nies can be seen after a few seconds. Bubbles of gas, originating from oxygen evolving by the reaction: 2 H202 ) 2 H20 + 02, collect wound each colony owing to the semi-solid substrate. Colonies producing no, or very small amounts of,oxygen were isolated from the replica on the net, or, in some instances when the colony grew submerged in the medium, directly on the dish. About 60,000 colonies hove been tested according to this technique. 30 colonies were isolated as quasi mutants. None of these proved to be entirely devoid of catalytic activity by a secondmy assay, but some showed a markedly reduced production of gas as compared to the original strain. It is, in this connection, still on open question whether or nat o mutant is viable if ampletely devoid of catalase activity,since this enzyme is generally acting as o detoxifier by removing H202 produced during metabolic reactions. Some other methods were attempted, for instance using a 1% zoluticm of H202 as substrate for the enzymatic reaction, and testing the colonies on the net. It was also tried to absorb KJ-stwch or KMnO4 into filter paper and use these preparations c~s indicators for the presence or absence of H202. The net with colonies was dipped into a solution of H20 , then taken out again and allowed to react for 5 minutes. Abrorbed H202 is during this period decomposed by cot&se. Nornm colonies, therefore 21 show no color reclctian when subsequently placed in contact with the H202 indicator, while a catoloseless mutant should be rewaled by a Positive reaction for H202. The latter mentioned methods, however, seem to be less reliable in practical use than the gas developing assay. Institute of Genetics, University of Stockholm and Institute of Physiological Botany, University of Uppsola, Uppsala, Sweden. Poll, M. L., G. Horn, M. Fling and N. H. Horowitz. A technique for the induction of Neurosporo tyrosinase to high A simple method for the induction of high levels of levels of activity both on a small scale (in flasks) and on a tyrosinase activity. large scale (in carboys) has been developed. This procedure has the advantage over the starvation method previously used in this lclborotary of not requiring o change of medium during the run. It is about equally effective in inducing strains 69-l I130 (Ts) and 4-137~ (TL). The data reported here ore for these two strains. Induction in flasks: 125 ml Erlenmeyer f!asks are prepared with 20 ml of l/2 strength Vogel's medium N containing l/2% sucrose. Each flak is inoculated with one drop of a heavy conidiol suspension and placed at 25X for 48 hours. Three mg. of either DL-ethionine or D-phenylolanine are then added and the flask are placed on a reciprocal shaker and gently shaken at 25°C for two days. The flasks, yield from 60 to 120 g m wet weight of mycelium with an activity of from 250 to 500 Enzyme Commission units per gram wet weight as determined by the method of Fling et al. (1963 J. Biol. Chem. 238:2045). Wild type strains other thon69-1113aclnd 4-1370 have been induced by this procedure XthGgh many strains require different levels of ethionine or D-phenylalonine for optimal induction than the 150 pg per ml used above. Still to be determined is whether any ethionine is incorporated into the enzyme induced by this method. Induction in carboys: Two and one-half gollon Pyrex carboys are filled with eight liters of l/2 strength Vogel's medium N, l/2% sucrose, and equipped with (I single glass tube for aeration and agitation. Each carboy is inoculated with about IO9 conidia and the flow of water-saturated air is adjusted to about 5 liters/minute. They are generctlly kept in the dark. After about 48 hours, I .2 g of DL-ethionine are added. Starting at about 2 l/2 days after the addition of the ethionine, samples are removed aseptically from each carboy periodically and assayed in order to determine the time of the maximum level of enzyme activity. Maximum activity is generally attained about 3 to 5 days after addition of the ethionine. Slowly inducing carboys can often be speeded by increasing the air flow. Usually 50-80 g of mycelium ore obtained per carboy induced to a level of between 120400 Enzyme Commissionunitsper gram wet weight of mycelium. D-phenylalanine con also be used for induction in carboys although optimal conditions for maximum activity hove not been determined. This work was supported in part by the Notional Science Foundation. Biology Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.


Harmful mutations are ubiquitous and inevitable, and the rate at which these mutations are removed from populations is a critical determinant of evolutionary fate. Closely related and otherwise similar sexual and asexual taxa provide a particularly powerful setting in which to study deleterious mutation elimination because sexual reproduction should facilitate mutational clearance by reducing selective interference between sites and by allowing the production of offspring with different mutational complements than their parents. Here, we compared the rate of removal of conservative and radical nonsynonymous mutations from mitochondrial genomes of sexual vs. asexual populations of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a New Zealand freshwater snail species with coexisting and ecologically similar sexual and asexual lineages. Our analyses revealed that radical changes are removed from populations at significantly higher rates than conservative changes and that sexual lineages eliminate these radical changes more rapidly than asexual counterparts. Taken together, these results indicate that reduced efficacy of purifying selection in asexual lineages allows harmful mutations to remain polymorphic longer than in sexual lineages, potentially influencing the outcome of competition between sexual and asexual lineages.


Much has been written and spoken about the advantages of an improved nutritional status, and it is not surprising therefore that employers and workmen alike are eager to apply the facts of this branch of medical science as an aid to production in the war effort. Many conflicting statements are made and it is difficult at times to separate established facts from unestablished claims. If one could believe all the statements which one reads or hears, especially from organizations that have something to sell, but not limited to that field, it might be thought that the taking of vitamin capsules would speed up production or that the eating of candy bars would prevent industrial fatigue and reduce the rate of accidents. Just recently there came to attention a report to the effect that eating doughnuts between meals would reduce absenteeism. Manufacturers are being importuned to give their workmen chewing gum


ABSTRACT:
With rapid economic development and increasing westernization of lifestyle in the past few decades, prevalence of the life style disorders has reached alarming proportions among Indians in the recent years. In 2011, in India there were 62.4 million people with diabetes and 77.2 million people with prediabetes.
Prediabetes should be viewed in the natural history of disordered glucose metabolism rather than as a distinctive clinical entity. Prediabetes is the precursor stage to DM .It is metabolic disease associated with insulin resistance.
As it is metabolic disorder it needs to be corrected with lifestyle modification. Suryanamaskar is such lifestyle modification therapy. Suryanamaskar exerts positive and long-term effect on prediabetes it delays and prevents the disease progress. However, this effects of Suryanamaskar therapy in prediabetes   management remain unclear and a matter of debate and research. This article offers a scientific review on positive effect of Suryanamaskar in prediabetes.

 KEY WORDS: suryanamaskar, prediabetes , lifestyle disorders.


In this paper, we introduce and analyze the notion of Tykhonov well-posedness and Tykhonov well-posedness in the general sense for parametric generalized vector equilibrium problems. Metric characterizations of well-posedness and well-posedness in the general sense are explained in terms of approximate solution sets. We consider characterizations of these well-posedness under compactness assumptions. Sufficient conditions of well-posedness in the general sense, in the form of boundedness of approximate solution sets, are investigated. Numerous examples are provided to ensure the importance of the imposed assumptions.


Background: Increased external tibial torsion and tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance (TTTG) affect patellofemoral instability and can be corrected by tibial rotational osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transfer. Thus far, less attention has been paid to the combined correction of tibial torsion and TTTG by supratuberositary osteotomy. Purpose: To quantify the effect of a supratuberositary torsional osteotomy on TTTG. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Seven patients who underwent supratuberositary osteotomy to treat patellofemoral instability and an additional 13 patients with increased TTTG were included (N = 20). With 3-dimensional (3D) surface models, supratuberositary rotational osteotomies were simulated with predefined degrees of rotation. Concomitant 3D TTTG was measured by a novel and validated measurement method. In addition, all operated patients underwent 2-dimensional (2D) radiographic evaluation with pre- and postoperative computed tomography data. Absolute differences among simulated, predicted, and achieved postoperative corrections were compared. Results: A total of 500 supratuberositary osteotomies were simulated. The linear regression estimate yielded a change of −0.68 mm (95% CI, −0.72 to −0.63; P < .0001) in 3D TTTG per degree of tibial rotation, and 2D and 3D TTTG measurements in the operated patients were comparable in pre- and postoperative measurements (preoperative, 19.8 ± 2.5 mm and 20.0 ± 2.4 mm; postoperative, 13.6 ± 3.8 mm and 14.6 ± 3.4 mm, respectively). Postoperative 2D TTTG deviated in absolute terms from predicted (regression) and simulated TTTG by 1.4 ± 1.0 mm and 1.5 ± 0.6 mm. Inter- and intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) for radiological and simulated measurements ranged between 0.883 and 0.996 and were almost perfect. Conclusion: In supratuberositary osteotomy, TTTG changes by −0.68 mm per degree of internal tibial rotation. The absolute mean difference between postoperative predicted TTTG and 2D TTTG was only 1.4 mm. Thus, TTTG correction can be successfully predicted by the degree of tibial rotation. Clinical Relevance: TTTG correction can be successfully predicted by the degree of tibial rotation. Therefore, in selected cases, tibial torsional deformity and TTTG can be corrected by 1 osteotomy. However, isolated rotations have been performed, and unintended translational movements during tibial rotation may alter the postoperative results.


PT. Citra Banjar Abadi is a company engaged in the distribution of Raw Material goods for the needs of making extra high voltage overhead line towers or what we know as SUTET. The problems that occur at PT. Citra Banjar Abadi at this time is for the warehouse information system, especially for data processing, it still uses Ms. Excel, so it has risks in terms of security and lack of guaranteed accuracy of data items, etc. The system analysis method used is the SWOT method which is suitable to be applied in this research, then the system design method is described by UML diagrams, programming language with PHP, database using MySQL and programming software with Sublime and XAMPP. The application of the Warehouse Management System (WMS) information system created from this research is expected to be the right solution to solve existing problems, because the purpose of implementing this WMS is to make ongoing business processes more effective, time and resource efficient.


A 36-yr-old woman with metastatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas underwent neurolytic celiac plexus block with 100% ethanol and 0.5% bupivacaine for intractable back pain. Several hours after the procedure she developed severe nausea and vomiting, which persisted for days despite cessation of opioid analgesics, and administration of intravenous metoclopramide and ondansetron. Both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and barium examination of the stomach and small intestine showed excess gastric fluid but no evidence of mechanical obstruction. A radionuclide study revealed delayed gastric emptying of solids. Treatment with oral cisapride 10 mg p.o. q.i.d. resulted in considerable symptomatic improvement. We document the first reported case of gastroparesis after celiac plexus block and discuss possible etiological mechanisms.