: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of foals to the feeding stall with unknown objects tied to its roof. For this, 11 foals, six males and five females, were taken to the feeding stall, where open raffia bags were placed tied to the roof, in a way to disturb but not prevent the entrance to the stalls, for a period of five consecutive days. Three variables were observed at the moment of entrance in the stall for each animal, and given scores to possible variations of the behaviors. Behavioral observations were performed using the continuous visual method, and analyzed with a variance test by gender, score and day of observation, with multiple comparison by PDIFF at 5%. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of the hanging object on the Position of the Eyes for gender, score or day, with a predominance of attentive eyes, with a frequency of 91,83%. There was also no effect (p> 0.05) for the variable Position of the Ears for gender or day, however there was an effect (p <0.05) for score, with predominance of ears facing forwards and backwards. There was no effect (p> 0.05) for gender, score or day for the Snorting variable, all animals did not snort. There is no difference between gender of foals on the reactivity to a new tactile object positioned before the feeding trough. The foals pay attention to the object hanging on the roof without increasing their reactivity.


The Panzhihua-Xichang district, SW China, is located within the central part of the
Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The district hosts the world largest titanium resources
and the third largest vanadium resources. Ti and V are hosted by magnetite and ilmenite,
forming the unique Panzhihua-type deposits amounting to ~ 20 billion tonnes of Fe-Ti-V
oxide in potential reserves. This project is mainly focused on understanding the formation
mechanism of the Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion and associated Fe-Ti-V oxide deposit,
and also on the neighbouring Taihe Intrusion.
Lithological and stratigraphic investigations by a wide range of researchers over the last
50 years have subdivided the Panzhihua Intrusion into a marginal zone (MGZ), lower zone
(LZ), lower middle zone (MZa), upper middle zone (MZb) and upper zone (UZ). The Fe-Ti-
V oxide ores are concentrated below the MZb, which is marked by the appearance of cumulus
apatite. This study is centred on the rocks from the Lanshan and Zhujiabaobao sections of the
Panzhihua intrusion. Samples were collected from the Lanshan and Zhujiabaobao open-pit
mines, representing the lower ~ 700 of the 2000 meters of the total stratigraphy.
The rocks are composed of cumulus clinopyroxene (Cpx), plagioclase (Plag), magnetite
(Mgt) and ilmenite (Ilm). Olivine (Ol) and apatite (Ap) occur as the main cumulus minerals
below and above the ore bodies, respectively. Hornblende (Hbl) and Fe-rich sulfide (pyrrhotite-
Po) are found throughout the intrusion. In general, the abundances of Fe-Ti oxides decrease
up the section. Ilm becomes more abundant up the studied section. Fe-Ti oxides occur
as massive and disseminated ores, as intercumulus minerals in a wide range of rocks, and as
inclusions in silicate minerals in various rock types. Fe-Ti oxide inclusions are common in Ol
and Cpx, also occasionally in Plag. Po occurs as discrete, inclusion and droplets, which arecharacterized
by linear distribution of round-subround Po grains. Some discrete intercumulus
Po grains coexist with Fe-Ti oxides in triple junction between silicate minerals. Po inclusions
appear commonly in Cpx, Plag and Fe-Ti oxides, however, no Fe-Ti oxides are included in Po.
Po droplets are only found in Cpx. Pentlandite (Pn), chalcopyrite (Cpy) and pyrite (Py) are
subordinate minerals. Cpx and Mgt are characterised by extensive exsolution textures.
The whole-rock major element composition were obtained using XRF and solution
ICP-MS at CODES, Univeristy of Tasmania. It may be well explained by a mixture of an ox ide end-member and a silicate end-member. The former consists of Mgt and Ilm in a constant ratio of approximately 4:1. The latter, consisting mainly of Cpx and Plag, is more variable due to large variations in modal proportions and occurrence of Ol, Hbl and Ap in some rocks. Trace element abundances also show strong correlations with the modal proportion of one or more minerals of either end-member. Rocks from the LZ and MZa contain less than 5% interstitial melt, which have little effect on the whole rock chemistry. Rocks from the MGZ have significant amounts of interstitial melt, which is likely the result of rapid cooling.
Mineral major and trace element compositions were analyzed using EMPA and LA-ICP-MS at the CSL and CODES respectively, University of Tasmania. The Panzhihua and Taihe Fe-Ti oxides are mostly depleted in Cr and Ni. Cr-rich Mgt and Ilm only appear in three wehrlite and one microgabbro from the MGZ. Re-equilibration with Mgt has resulted in an increase in Fo content of Ol. A significant difference in Fo content in Ol and Mg#Cpx for coexisting Ol and Cpx indicates subsolidus re-equilibration. Temperatures calculated using a) an Ol-Cpx thermometer and b) an experimentally derived relationship between An content in Plag and temperature, indicate a small temperature difference (~20˚C) between gabbro located below and above the first and last massive ore, suggesting Fe-Ti oxides were deposited from compositionally similar magmas.
The whole rock and mineral compositions show little variation throughout the LZ and MZa, which is inconsistent with in-situ fractional crystallization. This strongly suggests that the parental magma for all rocks in the intrusion had a nearly constant composition. A major reversal is recorded in Plag An content in the lower MZa, however, this is not observed in other minerals (e.g. Mg#Cpx, Fo, Ni and V contents in Mgt and Ilm). Hence, it may not represent new primitive magma replenishment event as previously suggested. Instead, it is more likely a result of a localised increase in H2O activity, which would significantly increase An content in Plag but would have little effect on other parameters.
Numerical modelings with the Petrolog3 algorithm are performed under various conditions. The highly consistency of mineral compositions and modal proportions between calculated and observed results reflect high quality of the modelings. We propose instead a new magma replenishment hypothesis. The MGZ rocks display large vertical variations in rock chemistry. Solidification at high cooling rates coupled with likely upward migration of residual melts, are responsible for compositional reversals within the MGZ. Later intrusion of less evolved crystal-laden magma formed dyke-like wehrlite, sometimes with porphyritic texture. In the proposed model for the petrogenesis of the Panzhihua intrusion, the intrusion
acted as an open plumbing system, where crystal-rich magmas with similar composition continuously
flow through. In detail, the silicate minerals were crystallized in equilibrium during
ascending and intrusion. These crystal-loaded parental magmas emplaced into a weakened
zone of crustal dolomitic wall rocks. CO2 released during reaction with wall rocks at the time
of emplacement oxidized the parental magma, trigging Fe-Ti oxide fractional crystallization.
Dense Mgt and Ilm accumulated on the floor by gravitational settling. Removal of Fe-Ti oxides
from the magma also caused sulfide saturation (probably as a Fe-rich monosulfide liquid) due
to the rapid decrease in melt Fe content. This immiscible sulfide liquid was segregated from
the magma during Fe-Ti oxides fractionation, subsequently trapped and crystallized in the
solidifying crystal piles. The density differences between minerals and melt may have resulted
in different settling rates and formation of variety of rock types in the Panzhihua intrusion.
Silicate minerals were accumulating at both the bottom and top of the chamber, forming layers
with the intrusion, whereas Fe-Ti oxides were preferentially accumulated near the bottom.
The magmatic system was closed after depositing approximately 1100m-thick cumulate at the
bottom of the intrusion, and at least 800m-thick cumulate at the roof, leaving the entrapped
liquid differentiated subsequently in-situ.


We present Academic Reader, a system which can read academic literatures and answer the relevant questions for researchers. Academic Reader leverages machine reading comprehension technique, which has been successfully applied in many fields but has not been involved in academic literature reading. An interactive platform is established to demonstrate the functions of Academic Reader. Pieces of academic literature and relevant questions are input to our system, which then outputs answers. The system can also gather users' revised answers and perform active learning to continuously improve its performance. A case study is provided presenting the performance of our system on all papers accepted in KDD 2018, which demonstrates how our system facilitates massive academic literature reading.


A basket default swap (BDS) is a credit derivative with contingent payments that are triggered by a combination of default events of the reference entities. A forward-starting basket default swap (FBDS) is a BDS starting at a specified future time. Existing analytic or semi-analytic methods for pricing FBDS are time consuming due to the large number of possible default combinations before the BDS starts. This paper develops a fast approximation method for FBDS based on the conditional independence framework. The method converts the pricing of a FBDS to an equivalent BDS pricing problem and combines Monte Carlo simulation with an analytic approach to achieve an effective method. This hybrid method is a novel technique which can be viewed either as a means to accelerate the convergence of Monte Carlo simulation or as a way to estimate parameters in an analytic method that are difficult to compute directly. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid method.


This edited volume is about the rekindled investment in the figure of the first president Julius K. Nyerere in contemporary Tanzania. It explores how Nyerere is remembered by Tanzanians from different levels of society, in what ways and for what purposes. Looking into what Nyerere means and stands for today, it provides insight into the media, the political arena, poetry, the education sector, or street-corner talks. The main argument of this book is that Nyerere has become a widely shared political metaphor used to debate and contest conceptions of the Tanzanian nation and Tanzanian-ness. The state-citizens relationship, the moral standards for the exercise of power, and the contours of national sentiment are under scrutiny when the figure of Nyerere is mobilized today.


Abstract
Two intra-uterine deaths from placental and systemic leishmanial parasitism occurred in offspring of a multiparous marmoset bred with a mate of her own subspecies, Saguinus fuscicollis lagonotus. Trypanosomes resembling Trypanosoma cruzi were found in maternal but not in paternal blood. The morphologic identification of a T. cruzi-like trypanosome associated with leishmanial forms in fetal placental endothelium and trophoblasts suggests that this embryonic death is an example of Chagas' placentitis, previously reported only in man. The widespread infection in the other abortus is an example of so-called congenital Chagas' disease. The histopathological features of these congenital infections and the cellular reactions of the marmosets to the organism indicate that this small laboratory primate has potential for studying the pathogenesis and therapy of this disease. This presence of T. cruzi-like infections in a marmoset breeding colony suggests the need for precautions against accidental infection by animal handlers.


A properly designed composite waveguide consisting of a one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and a conventional dielectric waveguide is proposed for the realization of a localized "light wheel". Light confinedly rotating between the two waveguides is numerically demonstrated and explained physically in detail. A delocalized "light wheel" is found at the band gap edge caused by contra-directional coupling between the two waveguides. Because of this delocalized "light wheel" , the composite waveguide can be used to trap light as a cavity, and a quality factor of 9 x 10(3) is achieved as an example. The present structure is completely dielectric and thus easy to realize with a low loss.


ABSTRACT Muscle wasting (cachexia) is a consequence of chronic diseases, such as cancer, and is associated with degradation of muscle proteins such as MyoD. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon induce muscle degeneration by activating the transcription factor NF-κB and its target genes. Here, we show that a downstream target of NF-κB is the nitric oxide (NO) synthase gene (iNos) and suggest that NO production stimulates MyoD mRNA loss. In fact, although cytokine treatment of iNos−/− mice activated NF-κB, it did not trigger MyoD mRNA degeneration, demonstrating that NF-κB-mediated muscle wasting requires an active iNOS-NO pathway. The induced expression of iNOS by cytokines relies on both transcriptional activation via NF-κB and increased mRNA stability via the RNA-binding protein HuR. Moreover, we show that HuR regulates iNOS expression in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Furthermore, AMPK activation results in HuR nuclear sequestration, inhibition of iNOS synthesis, and reduction in cytokine-induced MyoD loss. These results define iNOS and HuR as critical players in cytokine-induced cachexia, establishing them as potential therapeutic targets.


As liquidity conditions in the term funding markets grew increasingly strained in late 2007, the Federal Reserve began making funds available directly to banks through a new tool, the Term Auction Facility (TAF). The TAF provides term funding on a collateralized basis, at interest rates and amounts set by auction. The facility is designed to improve liquidity by making it easier for sound institutions to borrow when the markets are not operating efficiently.


To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-4 in the regulation of autoimmune diabetes, we crossed the IL-4 knock-out mutation onto the NOD genetic background. This experiment was accelerated by typing for microsatellites linked to known diabetes susceptibility (Idd) loci, and included a control backcross of the wildtype 129/SvJ-derived IL-4 gene, the original target locus. We also crossed the mutation into the BDC2.5 transgenic line, a diabetes model that carries the rearranged T-cell receptor genes from a diabetogenic Tcell clone. The IL-4-null mutation did not accelerate or intensify insulitis in regular NOD mice or in the BDC2.5 transgenic model; it also had no effect on the timing or frequency of the transition to overt diabetes. These data indicate that IL-4 plays no required role in controlling the aggressiveness of murine diabetes.


The differential capacity and the potential distribution at electrode/solid polymer electrolyte membrane/solution interfaces are calculated through an analytical approach. The model considers coions' and counterions' permeation through the membrane from the solvent phase and the ions' partitioning equilibrium at the SPEM/solution interface. The latter effects are included by incorporating the Donnan equilibrium, the steric hindrance, the solvation energy change when ions move from water to membrane pores and ion electrostatic interactions. It is shown that capacitance maxima in capacitance-potential curves may appear because of the acid-base dissociation process inside the membrane and the change in the ions' total interaction energy with the applied potential. For low dielectric constants inside membrane pores, εp, sharp peaks can be obtained. These peaks broaden, decrease in magnitude and shift to positive potentials once εp is increased. Finally, model predictions are discussed in light of recent experimental data obtained on Nafion® covered Pt(111) electrodes, providing a theoretical framework for the qualitative electroanalysis of these systems.


We have identified a companion to the young planetary-mass brown dwarf Oph 162225-240515. This pair forms a resolved binary consisting of two objects with masses comparable to those of extrasolar giant planets. Several lines of evidence confirm the coevality and youth of the two objects, suggesting that they form a physical binary. Models yield masses of ∼14 and ∼7 times the mass of Jupiter for the primary and the secondary object, respectively, at an age of ∼1 million years. A wide (∼240–astronomical unit) binary in the ultra-low-mass regime poses a challenge to some popular models of brown dwarf formation.


This submission provides more than 25 years of historical context to the concept of reward strategy and its evolution in the UK context, isolating and describing my own part in it, supported by my 16 publications referenced on this subject. As well as researching and re-conceptualising ideas of reward strategy and their importance in the UK context, three other key dimensions which my research has highlighted, have been about: focusing more on reward strategy application and securing line manager and employee engagement; the importance of researching and assessing the effectiveness of reward policies and how this can be done; and the need to adopt an organisation-specific, total rewards perspective on reward strategy.
I have adapted the concept and my research in response to economic, social and political developments over that period and, uniquely, integrated academic and practitioner perspectives on this area to promote both the creation and application of new knowledge and evidence-based practice. As I have worked on the cusp of academic enquiry and professional practice, a PhD by Publication is a particularly relevant format in which to submit my work.
I have in the process created new knowledge at the forefront of the discipline, for example in redefining the concepts of reward strategy and total rewards in an innovative and more effective manner; demonstrated the acquisition and understanding of knowledge in the field, for example in summarising and relating research literature in the formerly relatively distinct areas of reward management and employee engagement; conceptualised and run major research projects, for example investigating reward effectiveness; and displayed a full range of research methods in my work, including quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
Collectively, my work through the publications listed has offered a detailed exploration of the concept and application of reward strategy in the UK context, bringing together academic and practitioner perspectives and informed by and influencing leading academics and practitioners in the field. This sustained and coherent body of work makes a significant and original contribution to the present state of knowledge on reward thinking and practice and in related HR and management areas.


This contribution to part 4 of the Common Knowledge symposium "Fuzzy Studies: On the Consequence of Blur" shows how the reputedly radical position that history is not about eternal truths but about the creative construction of a convincing narrative of past events is not an argument of recent vintage. In the days when postmodernism was a technical term used mainly by scholars of art and architecture—and indeed, decades before then—professional historians were grappling with the incapacity of facts to write themselves into a universally satisfying, single version of history. Successive presidents of the American Historical Association such as Andrew Dickson White, Carl Becker, Charles Beard, and William McNeill admitted that writing history is a desperate attempt at pattern recognition in a fuzzy discipline. Pattern recognition is a tool, valuable as a stage in historical thinking, but destined ultimately to come undone. What remains, then, is fuzzy thinking. It can be a good thing, the article concludes, to let our thinking about history remain a blur or, at least, to bear in mind that any patterns we recognize in the past are liable to dissolve under a different light.


The most abiding image of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch is that of the steely-eyed young (usually male) revolutionary (pemuda), his long black hair tied back in the red-and-white colours of the Indonesian flag, clutching a sharpened bamboo spear. The image of the pemuda still adorns public memorials across the archipelago, representing the romantic revolutionary youth.

In May 1998 the pemuda were again out in force on the streets of Indonesia, long-haired, and nationalism's familiar red-and-white still around their forehead. But for the students who spear-headed the fall of the former general, Suharto, after 32 years in the presidency, '[I]nstead of fighting with bamboo spears, swords, guns or tanks, they used banners, placards, the mass media and the Internet'. The movement to overthrow Suharto 'was the first revolution using the Internet'.


ABSTRACT Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases that remove specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin (S/R) loop of the large rRNA and arrest protein synthesis at the translocation step. In addition to their enzymatic activity, RIPs have been reputed to be potent antiviral agents against many plant, animal, and human viruses. We recently showed that pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), an RIP from pokeweed, inhibits translation in cell extracts by binding to the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA and viral RNAs and depurinating these RNAs at multiple sites downstream of the cap structure. In this study, we examined the activity of three different RIPs against capped and uncapped viral RNAs. PAP, Mirabilis expansa RIP (ME1), and the Saponaria officinalis RIP (saporin) depurinated the capped Tobacco mosaic virus and Brome mosaic virus RNAs, but did not depurinate the uncapped luciferase RNA, indicating that other type I RIPs besides PAP can distinguish between capped and uncapped RNAs. We did not detect depurination of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs at multiple sites by PAP or ME1. Because AMV RNAs are capped, these results indicate that recognition of the cap structure alone is not sufficient for depurination of the RNA at multiple sites throughout its sequence. Furthermore, PAP did not cause detectable depurination of uncapped RNAs from Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV), and uncapped RNA containing poliovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). However, in vitro translation experiments showed that PAP inhibited translation of AMV, TBSV, SPMV RNAs, and poliovirus IRES dependent translation. These results demonstrate that PAP does not depurinate every capped RNA and that PAP can inhibit translation of uncapped viral RNAs in vitro without causing detectable depurination at multiple sites. Thus, the cap structure is not the only determinant for inhibition of translation by PAP.


Management for Social Development is a field of action (or practice) and knowledge focused strategically on the promotion of social development. Its objective lies in the creation of public value, thus contributing to the reduction of poverty and inequality, as well as to the strengthening of democratic states and citizenship. The present document attempts to define and characterize the field of Management for Social Development and proposing a conceptual framework that provides orientation to the strategic action of Management for Social Development. We consider these objectives relevant to the degree that they may contribute to creating awareness of the importance of effective management practices in the promotion of social development and to strengthening those practices. This text highlights the creation of public value as a central element of Management for Social Development. It also emphasizes the importance of working with multiple actors interested or involved in promoting development. It recommends that management consist of simultaneous and strategic efforts in the areas of programmatic, organizational and political management in order to achieve effectiveness, which will be evidenced by impacts on the improvement of the quality of life and living conditions of the target population.


Abstract The common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic new functional leafy vegetable crop, develops epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) on the surfaces of its aerial organs. Our previous studies of the physiological characteristics of the wild-type and the EBC-less mutant indicated that EBCs sequester salt and maintain ion homeostasis within photosynthetically active tissues. The EBC has been thought to be a modified trichome; however, molecular mechanisms governing EBC development in the common ice plant have not been fully understood. Here, we have analyzed the steady-state mRNA abundance of nineteen cotton fiber-related gene homologs and eight Arabidopsis trichome development-related genes, and found that a MYB transcription factor homolog (McMYB2) and a GLABRA2-like gene (McC4HDZ) were preferentially expressed in wild-type plants, whereas a putative TRIPTYCHON (McTRY)- and CAPRICE-like gene (McCPC) were preferentially expressed in the EBC-mutant. The full-length cDNA sequences of these homologs were determined, and constructs containing McC4HDZ and McMYB2 were introduced into an Arabidopsis trichome-less mutant and wild-type plants. Overexpression of McMYB2 in wild-type Arabidopsis increased trichome number, associated with activation of the trichome development-related gene, GLABRA2 (GL2). Moreover, overexpression of McC4HDZ partially complemented trichome development in the trichome-less mutant of gl2-1, and resulted in increased trichome number in wild-type Arabidopsis, associated with the upregulation of key trichome-positive regulators GLABRA1 (GL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1). These results suggest that McMYB2 and McC4HDZ could be functional in Arabidopsis trichome formation, implying that EBCs of the common ice plant and trichomes of Arabidopsis may share some molecular mechanisms in their development.


Acculturation refers to the extent to which an individual immigrant (or immigrant group) acquires the customs and characteristics of a new receiving society and/or retains the customs and characteristics of the person's or group's cultural heritage. Different acculturation measures are often assumed to be interchangeable, although this assumption is rarely tested empirically. The purpose of the present study was to examine the overlap between 2 commonly used measures of acculturation among individuals of Latino/Hispanic ancestry in the United States, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans II (ARSMA-II) and the Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire-Short Version (BIQ-S). Specifically, we examined the ways in which scores from the 2 measures relate to one another, as well as similarities versus differences in the ways they predict external variables of interest (e.g., family functioning, parenting, and youth adjustment) that acculturation is known to influence. Findings indicate distinct patterns of results for the 2 measures. For instance, though the BIQ-S focuses entirely on language use and other cultural practices, the ARSMA-II more consistently relates to language variables. Further, adolescent BIQ-S cultural heritage scores related negatively to risks for and engagement in alcohol use—supporting prior findings—whereas ARSMA-II scores were unrelated to alcohol use. Given the largely nonoverlapping set of relationships of the BIQ-S and the ARSMA-II subscale scores with measures of language dominance and conflict, measures of parenting, and measures of youth outcomes, we recommend that studies utilize both of these measures to fully appraise acculturation in this population.


Book description: There is considerable current academic interest in the interface between geographical information systems (GIS) and the environment. This new monograph explores the process from start to finish. It begins with information acquisition in the environment and moves on to tool and techniques for manipulating the information, visualisation and navigation methods for exploring it, and computation and modelling techniques for its analysis. It then concludes with a survey of decision support, for its application.
Spatial Information and the Environment is the eighth book in the Innovations in GIS series initiated in 1994. The series is in essence derived from a selection of the presentations made at the annual GIS Research UK conference 2000 held in York, and has now changed its focus by concentrating on a single topic, making each text distinctive.


In the Helderberg area of the Western Cape, South Africa, soil parent material may vary between granite and shale over relatively short distances. However, little information is available concerning the possible effects of different soil parent materials on grapevine performance. A five-year investigation (2004/05 to 2008/09) was therefore carried out. Two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard blocks were selected at four localities. Soils derived mainly from granite and shale were identified in each vineyard block. Climate and soil parameters, root distribution, grapevine water status, cane mass and yield were evaluated at all localities. Shale-derived soils contained significantly greater amounts of fine sand, but less coarse sand, than granite-derived soils. These differences resulted in water-holding capacities that were generally higher in the shale-derived soils. Shale-derived soils contained higher concentrations of total potassium (K), but the levels of water-soluble K were generally greater in the granitic soils. Root system development could not be related directly to soil parent material. However, in most cases fine root density in the granite-derived soils tended to be higher, while the cane mass and yield of grapevines in the same soils also tended to be higher, at least at two of the four localities. The effect of soil parent material on grapevine water constraints seemed more prominent during the drier seasons, namely 2004/05 and 2005/06, compared to the wet and coolest seasons, 2007/08 and 2008/09.


In this essay I explore the signi�cance of equality in Ralph Waldo Emerson9s essays, particularly with respect to his treatment of personal relations and, more generally, to his ideas about self-reliance. I begin with Alexis de Tocqueville9s premise that equality, by uniting individuals under some common rubric, thereby induces these same individuals to separate or de�ne themselves against one another. In essays such as "Love" and "Friendship," Emerson plays out this dynamic with peculiar vehemence: af�rmations of a radical sameness linking all together go hand-in-hand with warnings against sacri�cing one9s individuality to another. I ascribe this dynamic to equality9s social logic more than to psychological ambivalence, and I go on to argue for the importance of distinguishing between different kinds of equality in order to underscore and help account for the extremity of Emerson9s attachment to this theme. I also suggest that so long as contemporary criticism remains �xated on one particular understanding of equality-speci�cally, as a social good that may be won or lost-it is bound to misconstrue not only its signi�cance to a writer like Emerson but, more broadly, its signi�cance as an ideological force.


How, then, with me, writing of this Leviathan? Unconsciously my chirography expands into placard capitals. Give me a condor's quill! Give me Vesuvius' crater for an inkstand! Friends, hold my arms! For in the mere act of penning my thoughts of this Leviathan, they weary me, and make me faint with their outreaching comprehensiveness of sweep, as if to include the whole circle of the sciences, and all the generations of whales, and men, and mastodons, past, present, and to come, with all the revolving panoramas of empire on earth, and throughout the whole universe, not excluding its suburbs. Such, and so magnifying, is the virtue of a large and liberal theme! We expand to its bulk. To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. Herman Melville, Moby Dick


One of the prominent roles of the occlusion would be to support the force balance wobbling in stomatognathic system, thus pacing and minimizing the change of force distribution with age. Patient's demands on the prosthetic treatment have been becoming higher and more complicated during the past several decades. These demands include not only the precise restoration of the decayed tooth but also the treatment to provide stable and comfortable state of the stomatognathic system in the longer term. These demands would deeply be related to ; 1) How to finalize the information on temporary or treatment prosthesis, which has the resulted shape of the precise functional adjustment, on the final prosthesis, and 2) How to cope with the persistent complaints regarding tooth, tongue and other related sensations. In these aspects, patient's subjectivity and/or esthesis might need to be satisfied with the form and/or function of the resulted prosthesis. The clinical difficulties might be related to the following two points, which are 1) the accuracy of the reproduction procedure from the treatment prosthesis to the final one and 2) stability of the mandibular position or the condylar position which support the functional basis for the prosthesis. In order to cope with the complicated requirements, we have been using double-casting method for providing cast restorations. This is a method to produce a cast restoration in two functional parts. The first casting step consists of a base-crown which covers the abutment tooth and adjacent proximal contact point(s). The second step is the molding of the functionally required occlusal form onto the base-crown. The third step is the metal casting onto the base-crown replacing the molded portion. This method could be applied in various situations where we are forced to match the function and the form. The purpose of this paper is to provide a good orientation to the double-casting method and also to discuss the concept that might pace and minimize the change of force distribution in stomatognathic system.


In order to obtain precise reconstruction results in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), large-scale matrix equations would be solved in the inverse problem generally. Thus, much time and memory needs to be consumed. In this paper, a permissible region extraction strategy is proposed to solve this problem. First, a preliminary result is rapidly reconstructed using the weight matrix compressed by principal component analysis or uniform sampling. And then the reconstructed target area in this preliminary result is considered as the a priori permissible region to guide the final reconstruction. Phantom experiments with double fluorescent targets are performed to test the performance of the strategy. The results illustrate that the proposed strategy can significantly accelerate the image reconstruction in FMT almost without quality degradation.


Customer and Business Analytics: Applied Data Mining for Business Decision Making Using R explains and demonstrates, via the accompanying open-source software, how advanced analytical tools can address various business problems. It also gives insight into some of the challenges faced when deploying these tools. Extensively classroom-tested, the text is ideal for students in customer and business analytics or applied data mining as well as professionals in small- to medium-sized organizations. The book offers an intuitive understanding of how different analytics algorithms work. Where necessary, the authors explain the underlying mathematics in an accessible manner. Each technique presented includes a detailed tutorial that enables hands-on experience with real data. The authors also discuss issues often encountered in applied data mining projects and present the CRISP-DM process model as a practical framework for organizing these projects. Showing how data mining can improve the performance of organizations, this book and its R-based software provide the skills and tools needed to successfully develop advanced analytics capabilities.


PURPOSE
To investigate the targeting accuracy of a Varian TrueBeam System for delivering intracranial radiosurgery to multiple lesions using a single isocenter (ISO).

METHODS
The study was performed using hidden target (BB) tests along with a MV portal imager (EPID). Six BBs were inserted into a head phantom simulating the locations of multiple metastatic tumors. One BB acted as the common ISO. The distances from the ISO to the other BBs were 2.9 to 7.1 cm. Simulating the actual patient treatment in our clinic, the phantom was immobilized using a BrainLAB U-shape frame and a head mask. CT image was acquired with 1 mm slice thickness. For a selected couch, gantry and collimator angle combination, a 3×3 cm MLC-shaped field was created for each BB. The centers of BB and the field were aligned, and the distance from the plan was read out on the DRR. Before shooting the tests, CBCT was used to setup the phantom, and the translational/rotational mismatch was corrected iteratively until less than 1 mm and 0.1 degree respectively. The actual positions of the BBs relative to their corresponding field centers were measured on the portal images. The deviation between the measured and planned BB positions quantifies the geometric targeting error. The test was performed for various couch, gantry and collimator angle combinations (total 88 tests).

RESULTS
The mean±SD of the BB position deviations were 0.0±0.4 and 0.2±0.4 mm in the image transverse-and longitudinal-direction respectively; and 0.5±0.3 mm for the vector length. Six of 88 BB tests (6.8%) exceeded the vector length of 1 mm with a maximum of 1.2 mm Conclusion: The mechanical targeting accuracy of the TrueBeam System at our institution is acceptable for delivery of intracranial radiosurgery with a single isocenter for treatment of multiple targets. Application of this technique is being investigated.


This article provides an outline of the analysis of problems caused by the disappear-ance of an entrepreneur in the context of his business.
The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the previously overlooked aspect of the disappearance of a natural person conducting business activities.
The disappearance of an entrepreneur raises a number of separate problems not only in the personal sphere, but above all in the property sphere of the entrepreneur, his employees, contractors, or clients.
The author of this article has analyzed the legal consequences of an entrepreneur's disappearance in the context of his business. Then he identified the legal institutions im-plemented by the legislator, which can be used to avoid, or at least mitigate the negative effects of the said disappearance, and made their practical analysis in relation to the case of disappearance of an entrepreneur actively conducting business activities. This analysis was the basis for proposing a comprehensive solution through the joint use of several legal institutions operating in the legal regime to obtain the most effective protection of business participants in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur. Finally, he as-sessed the functioning legal institutions and proposed in which direction the legislator's further actions should be taken to regulate the increasingly important problem of the disappearance of a participant of business trading.
The aforementioned analysis led the author to the conclusion that the disappearance does not cause the entrepreneur's non-existence to be recognized, and thus has virtually no legal effect on the property of the enterprise.
In view of the above, despite the fact that the missing entrepreneur does not actually run the enterprise, during his unavoidable absence, his liabilities become chargeable, in particular property liabilities, in the public and private sphere, which may lead to the squandering of his assets, and at the same time to the violation of the interests of third parties related to the process of doing business.
While the application of several legal institutions may limit the harmful effects of an entrepreneur's disappearance on his property sphere and third parties, including those involved in business transactions, the legal solutions possible to apply in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing should be evaluated negatively. In particular, none of them alone fully solves the problem of securing an enterprise in the event of disappearance, and most solutions are simply unreal in the event of an entrepreneur having gone missing.
In practical terms, highlighting the problem of an entrepreneur's disappearance from the point of view of its legal effects and the possibility of removing its negative consequences will increase its rank in the assessment of search institutions and may con-tribute to the development of new solutions.
It should be postulated that regardless of the analyzed solutions, the legislator plans and introduces mechanisms independent of the will of a missing entrepreneur, which would be applicable in the event of the disappearance of an entrepreneur by law, and allow immediate protection of his assets during his search. The above would make it pos-sible to respond to the growing needs of society in this respect.


Quasi-free scattering of the neutron-deficient carbon isotopes 10C and 11C has been studied in inverse kinematics at the R3B-LAND setup at the GSI-Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. In this experiment, a 40Ar primary beam was incident on a beryllium production target at an energy of 490 AMeV, and the selected reaction residues were then transported through the fragment separator FRS to the experimental area.

The incoming beam was identified using the time-of-flight and energy loss, and the incoming angle of the beam was determined from the position on two silicon strip detectors in front of the reaction target. The target area was surrounded by the Crystal Ball NaI array used for gamma- and proton detection and a box consisting of four silicon strip detectors. After passing through the ALADIN magnet, the outgoing fragments were identified and tracked using the position and energy information given by two additional silicon strip detectors, two fiber detectors, and a time-of-flight wall, and protons emitted in-flight were detected by drift chambers.

In order to obtain the cross section for quasi-free scattering on hydrogen, a CH2-target and a carbon target were used, and the measurements with the carbon target were used to subtract both the contribution of the carbon and the background in the CH2-measurements. The cross sections obtained with the carbon target for proton and neutron removal from 11C and for neutron removal from 10C are sigma_C=21.6(8) mb, sigma_C=34.8(23) mb, and sigma_C=32.8(39) mb.

The work presented here is aimed at a quantitative understanding of spectroscopic factors, which appear to be quenched for deeply bound nuclei. The obtained quasi-free scattering cross sections for the reactions 11C(p,2p)10B, 11C(p,pn)10C, and 10C(p,pn)9C are sigma_H=17.3(8) mb, sigma_H=21.2(20) mb, and sigma_H=19.7(28) mb, respectively. The associated quenching of spectroscopic factors, obtained from comparing the experimental cross sections with theoretical ones from DWIA-calculations is R_s=0.53(2), R_s=0.82(8), and R_s=1,04(15).

The momentum distributions for the fragments of all three reactions have been calculated from the measured incoming and outgoing angles and compared to DWIA-calculations. In all three cases there is good agreement between the measured distributions and calculations for a p-shell knockout. The gamma-energy spectra measured in coincidence with 10C and 10B produced in quasi-free scattering reactions indicate a strong population of the low-lying excited states in both cases.

The cross section for the reaction 11C(p,p alpha)7Be has been determined to be sigma_H= 5.8(4) mb. Due to the small spatial separation of the decay products of the unbound 9B on the silicon detectors and limited acceptance of the proton drift chambers, no reliable cross section could be determined for the reaction 10C(p,2p)9B.

Furthermore, new front-end electronics for double-sided silicon strip detectors have been developed, and initial tests has been completed. The electronics is based on the combination of commercially available readout and triggering ASICs (VA and TA by Gamma-Medica) and ADC (Struck SIS3300) with a customized sequencing module, based on the VUPROM module developed at GSI. The design is flexible, and it is supposed to be used for DSSD prototype detectors built in connection with the ongoing detector development for nuclear structure experiments at the planned FAIR facility.


In this work, we propose AURA, a cloud deployment tool used to deploy applications over providers that tend to present transient failures. The complexity of modern cloud environments imparts an error-prone behavior during the deployment phase of an application, something that hinders automation and magnifies costs both in terms of time and money. To overcome this challenge, we propose AURA, a framework that formulates an application deployment as a Directed Acyclic Graph traversal and re-executes the parts of the graph that failed. AURA achieves to execute any deployment script that updates filesystem related resources in an idempotent manner through the adoption of a layered filesystem technique. In our demonstration, we allow users to describe, deploy and monitor applications through a comprehensive UI and showcase AURA's ability to overcome transient failures, even in the most unstable environments.


This volume is the fruit of the 5th conference on Naturalistic Decision Making which focused on the importance of studying people who have some degree of expertise in the domain in which they make decisions. The substantive concerns pertain to how individuals and groups make decisions in professional and organizational settings, and to develop suitable methods for studying these questions rigorously. This volume appeals to practitioners in business and government, as well as academics and students who are interested in naturalistic decision making.


In a fork-join network each incoming job is split into K tasks and the K tasks are simultaneously assigned to K parallel service stations for processing. For the distributions of response times and queue lengths of fork-join networks, no explicit formulae are available. Existing methods provide only analytic approximations for the response time and the queue length distributions. The accuracy of such approximations may be difficult to justify for some complicated fork-join networks. In this paper we propose a perfect simulation method based on coupling from the past to generate exact realisations from the equilibrium of fork-join networks. Using the simulated realisations, Monte Carlo estimates for the distributions of response times and queue lengths of fork-join networks are obtained. Comparisons of Monte Carlo estimates and theoretical approximations are also provided. The efficiency of the sampling algorithm is shown theoretically and via simulation.


This thesis analyses the work of British writer Sarah Waters, focussing on the inseparability of spatiality and the expression of sexuality in her novels. Since 1998, Waters has published three books set in the mid-to-late Victorian era, featuring lesbian protagonists: Tipping the Velvet, Affinity and Fingersmith. All three novels are examples of lesbian fiction, but they are also arguably works of historiographic metafiction and post-Victorian novels. They have been critically and popularly acclaimed, added to university reading lists and adapted for television. There has thus far been a small amount of scholarship in response to Waters' novels, primarily concerned with generic classification and lesbian identity.
The entwined discourses of space and sexuality form the theoretical basis of this discussion. There is a large body of academic work on this subject, by cultural theorists such as Michel Foucault, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Mark Wigley as well as geographers such as Tim Creswell. Previous studies of Waters' work have made little use of theories of space and sexuality, despite their relevance to her novels. I draw upon these theories in my analyses of Tipping the Velvet, Affinity and Fingersmith, exploring the way in which the historically transgressive sexualities of Waters'heroines are constructed spatially, via the characters' movement (or lack thereof) through confining interiors.

Chapter One looks at the ways in which theatrical and performative transgressions affect sexual expression in Waters' first novel, Tipping the Velvet. Sites of performance, or stages, are not only located in theatres in this text, but are present everywhere: on the streets and in the homes of both the rich and poor. Upon these numerous and diverse stages Nancy Astley, the protagonist of the novel, reveals the inherent performativity of gender and sexuality through cross-dressing and impersonation. The second chapter shows the way sexual identities are confined within both the private sphere and the prison in Affinity. The desires of the protagonists can be articulated only through spiritual or ghostly transgressions, which are simultaneously arousing and frightening. The third chapter focuses on domestic spaces and madness in Fingersmith. Waters draws on Victorian notions of hysteria and female sexuality in this novel, re-appropriating them for her own purposes. This thesis concludes that Waters re-presents Victorian sexuality through the spaces in which it was enclosed.


The profile of accounting in the nonprofit sector has been raised substantially in recent years, due to profound changes in the institutional environment in which organizations in that sector operate. One of the factors that has resulted in the adoption of corporate-style financial management techniques, including accounting, in the nonprofit sector, has been the need for such organizations to achieve financial legitimacy. This can be achieved by means of their accounting practices, as they demonstrate a level of financial accountability that proves them to be legitimate recipients of funds from the public, from governments, and increasingly from the corporate sector. Although many nonprofit organizations are implementing more sophisticated accounting systems, little or no attention has been paid to the impact of those changes on individual organizations. Based on a year-long qualitative research study of an Australian religious organization with a large charitable services operation, this paper highlights the substantial impact the adoption of accrual accounting and corporate-style reporting had on its organizational culture, structures and practices. As the profile of accounting increases in similar organizations, and they face challenges in terms of organizational practices and mission imperatives, there will be a growing recognition that accounting technologies imported from the corporate sector may not be entirely appropriate for organizations whose agenda is something other than making a profit.


Introduction: Carotid artery dissection, an infrequent cause of transient ischemic attack and stroke among younger patients, is being increasingly diagnosed. Thromboembolic events occur following carotid artery dissection due to the narrowing of the lumen, which is a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause long-term neurological disabilities. We report a case with internal carotid artery dissection and emphasize the importance of differential diagnoses for headache and neck pain in the young and middle-aged population. Case Report: A 33-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department because of headache, neck pain, speech impairment, and weakness on her right side, which persisted for five hours. She had revealed signs of confusion for the last two hours. There was no history of trauma. We received the information from her husband. The neurological examination revealed a weakness on the right upper extremity and non-fluent aphasia. She had normal results from coagulation tests. Occlusion secondary to dissection with a cervical computed tomography angiography was indicated. Low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were administered. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that carotid artery dissection can be asymptomatic until ischemic symptoms occur. Emergency physicians should consider carotid artery dissection in young patients who present with neck pain and headache


Nickel impregnated granular activated carbon (Ni-GAC) has been synthesized and characterized by various techniques like BET, FTIR, SEM, EDX and TGA. It is later employed for the individual adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and quinoline (QN). The influence of various factors such as percentage of Ni loading, initial concentration, time, adsorbent dose and temperature on the individual adsorption of DBT and QN from model fuel by Ni-GAC have been investigated. On the basis of the present study, 1%Ni-GAC is found to be the best among various wt.% Ni-GAC. Equilibrium time for DBT and QN adsorption is found to be 6 hr and 9 hr, respectively. The optimum adsorbent dose is found to be 20 g/L. Adsorption kinetics of the both DBT and QN are represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. For single component systems, the experimental equilibrium data is well matched with R-P isotherm. Values of change in enthalpy and entropy for DBT and QN were found to be 2.04, 1.55 kJ/mol and 10 and 20 J/mol K, respectively. Isosteric heat of adsorption is modeled in terms of surface heterogeneity.


511 Gallery is pleased to present BLACK AND WHITE: LINEAR DESCRIPTION, an exhibition of art by seventeen modern and contemporary artists who explore the realm of "mingled opposites": the contrast between the drawn black line on a sheet of white paper; the effects of sunlight or artificial light on black photographic paper; the marks left by black ink on light surfaces through silk-screening, etching, or traditional application with a brush.

The art on view are drawings, prints, photographs, paintings, and two sculptures that rely on the linear qualities of black and white for description and expression. Where there is any color evident in the works, it is often simply a punctuation, such as the tiny, blue rooftops of the village set at the base of Moon Mountain in Wang Jiqian's painting, or the lipstick-red lips in Lucy Levene's photograph of a London nightclub scene, The Kiss (from the Come and Be My Baby series).

BLACK AND WHITE; LINEAR DESCRIPTION is to some extent a respite from the world of color – the relentless color of advertising, television, film, and fashion. Where color tends toward the specific, telling what something (or someone) "looks like," line can be suggestive and implicit, as in an artist's sketch or an architect's draft. Black and white work is often more evocative of the artist's hand.

The sculptor Jennifer Odem makes objects in rousing blues and greens, and we see immediately that they are gender-identified, playful, and palpable; but her drawings, that are only sometimes ideas for her sculptures, are both concrete and ambiguous, even mysterious. Though fully realized works, the drawings leave the viewer free to bring his or her subjective reading to the open space that is an essential aspect of the artwork. Unexpectedly, the same is true of Norman Rockwell's charcoal work, WINTER, a drawing of a father and son bowling. The lines define size, scale, form, figures, and site, and yet the open space and the absence of color allows us to see and read a myriad of meanings in the image – from father/son relationships, to physical prowess vs. safety, to knowledge as power, and so on. The drawing truly illustrates what at first appears to be a simplistic notion, but then opens up that idea in an indicative and compelling manner. As the photographer Mary Ellen Mark said, "I see more in black and white. I like the abstraction of it."

The exhibition presents drawings by Jason Buchanan, Leslie Lerner, Maro Michalakakos, Jennifer Odem, Lesley Punton, and Norman Rockwell; paintings by Wang Jiqian and Lesley Punton; prints by Lee Bontecou, David Hockney, and Ross Racine; photographs by Jocelyne Alloucherie, John Dominis, and Lucy Levene, Robert Miller, and Eric Tomberlin; and sculptures by Mark Mennin and Jacqueline Metheny.


This paper describes ZEUS-MP, a multiphysics, massively parallel, message-passing implementation of the ZEUS code. ZEUS-MP differs significantly from the thoroughly documented ZEUS-2D code, the completely undocumented (in peer-reviewed literature) ZEUS-3D code, and a marginally documented "version 1" of ZEUS-MP first distributed publicly in 1999. ZEUS-MP offers an MHD algorithm that is better suited for multidimensional flows than the ZEUS-2D module by virtue of modifications to the method of characteristics scheme first suggested by Hawley & Stone. This MHD module is shown to compare quite favorably to the TVD scheme described by Ryu et al. ZEUS-MP is the first publicly available ZEUS code to allow the advection of multiple chemical (or nuclear) species. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations are enabled via an implicit flux-limited radiation diffusion (FLD) module. The hydrodynamic, MHD, and FLD modules can be used, singly or in concert, in one, two, or three space dimensions. In addition, so-called 1.5D and 2.5D grids, in which the "half-D" denotes a symmetry axis along which a constant but nonzero value of velocity or magnetic field is evolved, are supported. Self-gravity can be included either through the assumption of a GM/r potential or through a solution of Poisson's equation using one of three linear solver packages (conjugate gradient, multigrid, and FFT) provided for that purpose. Point-mass potentials are also supported. Because ZEUS-MP is designed for large simulations on parallel computing platforms, considerable attention is paid to the parallel performance characteristics of each module in the code. Strong-scaling tests involving pure hydrodynamics (with and without self-gravity), MHD, and RHD are performed in which large problems (2563 zones) are distributed among as many as 1024 processors of an IBM SP3. Parallel efficiency is a strong function of the amount of communication required between processors in a given algorithm, but all modules are shown to scale well on up to 1024 processors for the chosen fixed problem size.


Indonesia is a country of significant inequalities, but we know little about how Indonesians feel about the gap between rich and poor. Comparative research suggests that negative perceptions of inequality can erode public support for democratic institutions. Using survey data, we explore
 the relationship between inequality and support for democracy in Indonesia. We find Indonesians are divided in their beliefs about income distribution. But this variation is not determined by actual levels of inequality around the country, nor by people's own economic situation; instead, political
 preferences and partisan biases are what matter most. Beliefs about inequality in Indonesia have become increasingly partisan over the course of the Jokowi presidency: supporters of the political opposition are far more likely to view the income gap as unfair, while supporters of the incumbent
 president tend to disagree—but they disagree much more when prompted by partisan cues. We also find that Indonesians who believe socio-economic inequality is unjust are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward democracy. We trace both trends back to populist campaigns and the increasingly
 polarized ideological competition that marked the country's recent elections. The shift toward more partisan politics in contemporary Indonesia has, we argue, consequences for how voters perceive inequality and how they feel about the democratic status quo.


The text presents the profile of the PTJ issue dedicated to the new quality of queer aesthetics, increasingly evident in the space of Polish theatre and performing arts. This new trend, unlike the story based on the experience of "wounded identity", which has been dominating in Polish theatre over the last two decades, turns to affirmative and reparative practices of discovering queer potentiality. The issue also includes texts that go back to the still unexplored queer history of Polish theatre and a block of texts devoted to Krystian Lupa, among which two relate to homosexual threads in the director's biography and work. The introduction embeds the issues of queer practices raised by the authors in the context of the intense socio-political processes that are taking place in today's Poland, triggered by the campaign of the ruling right-wing party acting in alliance with the hierarchies of the Polish Catholic Church against LGBTQ.


This thesis conducts a critical analysis of editorials and columns in mainstream newspapers during Malaysia's 13th General Election (GE13) campaign. In a country that practises parliamentary democracy but simultaneously observes a close cooperation (Mustafa, 2010, p. 51) between the ruling party and the mainstream press, this study explores the links between the two. The thesis demonstrates the continuing power of the mainstream press in the country. It also explores how a so-called parliamentary democracy can lead to authoritarian rule, as well as the role of the press in this process.

Adhering to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) principles, the thesis describes and explains how particular relations of power are enacted, reproduced and legitimized within government-owned media, in this case Malaysia where control is institutionalized. This study specifically focuses on the discursive strategies of legitimation in editorials and columns, and how they present particular narratives or arguments in the interests of the powerful. The thesis offers a greater understanding of the deep ideological structures of mainstream newspapers and, in particular, their construction and (de)legitimisation of the government and opposition during the GE13 campaign. This investigation draws on various methods, from quantitative content analysis to the Discourse-historical Approach (DHA), and insights from a range of disciplines, to examine the discursive features of mainstream newspapers discourse during the GE13 campaign.

The main contributions of the thesis are on theoretical, methodological and empirical grounds. It contributes to the body of knowledge on political communication research by focusing on the Asian-Malaysian context and moving away from Western-centric models that often overlook the key element of culture. The application of the DHA provides a novel and valuable contribution to the understanding of Malaysian election communication discourse through its interdisciplinary methods and analyses. The empirical investigation provides conclusive evidence that revolves around the issues of the perversion of developmental journalism, race/ethnicity, Islam and its abuses, as well as change and time. This thesis also reviews and reveals the extent to which the press in Malaysia is controlled, dominated and manipulated, thereby challenging those, including the ruling elite, who have claimed that Malaysia is a democratizing nation state.


Peroxy Radical – Water Complexes: Their Role in the Atmosphere Sambhav Rajendra Kumbhani Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BYU Doctor of Philosophy The importance of radical-water complexes in the atmosphere is explored in this dissertation. Radicals, although present in small concentrations in the atmosphere, play a significant role in creating and removing atmospheric pollution. As the atmosphere warms and consequently gets wetter, it is essential to understand the effects of water vapor on radical chemistry. This dissertation reports studies on the effects of water vapor on the kinetics of the self-reaction of β-hydroxyethyl peroxy radical (β-HEP), a prominent organic peroxy radical in the atmosphere. Both experimental and computational studies have been performed to examine the effects of water vapor on the kinetics of the self-reaction. The influence of water vapor and temperature on the reaction rate constant is presented. The rate of the self-reaction increases between 2 to 6 times with an increase in water vapor and decrease in temperature. The products of the self-reaction in the presence and absence of water vapor have been computed using high level ab initio calculations. Major products include alkoxy radicals, peroxides, aldehydes, alcohols and oxygen. A new reaction pathway leading to formation of hydroperoxy radical (HO2) from the self-reaction of β-HEP in the presence of water vapor was identified. In the presence of high NOx concentration HO2, forms tropospheric ozone, which is classified as a harmful pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Like tropospheric ozone, aerosols are also classified as harmful pollutants by the EPA. Sulfuric acid-water complexes are estimated to be the primary reason for new aerosol formation in the atmosphere. However, the sulfuric acid concentration in the atmosphere alone is not sufficient to account for observed aerosol concentrations. Classical nucleation theory is used to explain new particle formation (NPF), which is initiated by the formation of a nucleating site (a highly polar complex). This dissertation explores the role of various radical-molecule complexes acting as the nucleating site. Experimentally, the HO2-water complex is studied as a possible nucleating site for NPF. A new instrument was developed to create and measure radical-water complex initiated particle formation. The instrument incorporates two scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) to measure the size distribution and number density of the aerosol particles formed. The experimental setup uses UV absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulated spectroscopy to measure the HO2 radical and water vapor concentrations in the reaction cell. No significant particle formation was observed at room temperature and pressure. Particle formation from the HO2-water complex, may occur at lower temperatures. Additional radical-molecule complexes have been studied computationally in an effort to identify other possible nucleating sites for particle formation. In particular, the complexes of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and formic acid with ammonia, amidogen radical (NH2) and imidogen radical (NH) have been studied. H2SO4-NH2 and HNO3-NH2 complexes show the potential to act as nucleating sites for formation of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. In summary, water mediated chemistry plays a significant role in the atmosphere and must be included in scientific models to better predict pollution levels in the atmosphere.


Revisionist estimates of growth rates during the British industrial revolution, though largely successful in presenting a more modest picture of Britain's 'take-off' prior to the 1830s, have also posed fresh analytical difficulties for champions of the new economic history. If 18th-century Britain was witness to a diffuse explosion of 'useful knowledge,' why did aggregate growth rates or industrial output growth rates not more closely shadow the pace of technological change? In effort to explain this paradox, Peter Temin and Hans-Joachim Voth have claimed that a few key institutional restrictions on financial markets – namely the Bubble Act, and tightening of usury laws in 1714 – served to amplify the crowding out impact of government borrowing. Against this vision, the present paper contends that the adverse impact of financial regulation and state borrowing in 18th century Britain has been greatly overstated. To this end, the paper first briefly outlines the historical context in which the Bubble Act emerged, before turning to survey the existing diversity of perspectives on the Act's lasting impact. It is then argued that there is little evidence to support the view that the Bubble Act significantly restricted firms' access to capital. Following this, it is suggested that the "crowding out" model, theoretical shortcomings aside, is largely inapplicable to 18th century Britain. The savings-constrained vision of British capital markets significantly downplays the extent to which the Bank of England, though founded as an institution to manage the public debt, provided the entire financial system with liquidity in the 18th century.


Walking-with children on blasted landscapes opens up possibilities of an entangled set of uneasy encounters, revealing and provoking an alternative geo-storying, a de-colonialising pursuit conjured up from an awakened ethical sensibility. I am walking-with those who have been deemed unworthy of recognition and are invisible in the obscene manifestations of capitalism, the arms race, and the cold war: these companions walk with us as past ghosts as we share the horrors of a dystopian future. Walking-with children on this landscape is to bear witness to the atrocities of the Anthropocene: to bring attention to the invisible, the monsters, the unsightly possibilities, and stories of fear and fascination, doom and dread. In this paper I walk and write with the past, present, and future to highlight the complexity of what Karen Barad calls spacetimemattering.


A stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) model was recently developed and implemented at British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (B.C. Hydro) to provide decision support for short term export sales. The model was written around the operation of Williston Lake, the 40,000 million cubic meter storage reservoir that serves as the swing reservoir in what is essentially a pure hydroelectric system. Adjacent to Williston Lake is the 2416 MW G.M. Shrum (GMS) power plant and just downstream is the 700 MW Peace Canyon (PCN) run-of-river project. The SDP model determines the monthly operating policy for the GMS/PCN plants that will meet the (forecasted) residual domestic load and maximize the expected net export revenue. Uncertainty is introduced through the effect of historical weather sequences on the inflows to Williston Lake, on the generation supplied by other hydroelectric projects and on the domestic load. Monthly releases are contingent on the level of storage in Williston Lake. The slope of the model's objective function at any level or time then defines, not only the marginal value of water stored in Williston Lake, but also, the marginal cost of supply for the B.C. Hydro system. That system marginal cost sets the minimum price for any spot sales in the export market. Additional aspects of the subject are discussed.


Neuropsychology is a rapidly growing, independent discipline with a broad work field. Neuropsychologists are working in hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, forensic organisations and research institutes. One of the most important instruments of a neuropsychologist in assessing the behavioural expression of brain functions is the neuropsychological examination. This examination can have different purposes: 1. Diagnosis 2. Patient care 3. Treatment 4. Research The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the diversity of the purposes of a neuropsychological examination. I will do this by presenting a series of studies that reflect these different purposes. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 will describe the neuropsychological examination as a diagnostic tool in two case studies. Chapter 4 and chapter 5 discuss different aspects of the neuropsychological examination in patient care. Chapter 6 illustrates the neuropsychological examination as a manner to evaluate treatment. Chapter 7, 8 and 9 are examples of the neuropsychological examination in research. In Chapter 10, the General Discussion, we question whether the different purposes of a neuropsychological examination should be seen as isolated aspects. As neuropsychologists, we aim the most optimal use of our neuropsychological assessment. Should we therefore not continuously keep other purposes as the one defined in the referral question in mind as well? Combining different purposes in one neuropsychological examination can be described as a multipurpose examination. A multipurpose examination makes us aware of other possible purposes of the neuropsychological examination than originally determined. The multipurpose examination, or in other words a multifaceted approach, forces us to think outside the standard boundaries of our assessment and outside the original reason for referral. In daily practice, the combination between the different purposes, or in other words between research and clinical care, is not always made. This can be the result of limited time and financial resources, but also simply because we are not used to it. First of all, in the curriculum of neuropsychologists in the Netherlands, the integration of different purposes is not consistently made. Clinical care and research are artificially separated in different stages of the education system and only in a very late stadium reunited. By combining clinical and research topics consequently in all stages of the neuropsychological educational program, neuropsychologists will be automatically more willing to integrate aspects of clinical care and research. Furthermore, in the broad profession of neuropsychology, some neuropsychologists are still working in isolation. This may have several drawbacks. The diagnosis and treatment procedures are viewed as fragmented and the results of the neuropsychological examination are therefore not always optimally used. Furthermore, interesting cases for research will be missed because neuropsychologists working in clinical settings are not in contact with those who are participating in research. Short lines between hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes and research institutes will be helpful in combining the different purposes. Finally, standards of evidence-based methods can be illustrative in combining research and clinical care (and integrating the four purposes described by Lezak). This thesis makes neuropsychologists more aware of the different purposes of a neuropsychological examination. Being aware of these different purposes can be helpful in looking outside the standard boundaries of your profession. As a result neuropsychology will rise to a higher level.


Contemporary diaries and the water-colours of artists such as the Port Jackson Painter vividly tell of Aboriginal life when the First Fleet in 1788 settled its cargo of convicts in Australia. Fishing was important around the waters of Port Jackson, whose Aboriginal inhabitants are recorded to have used the techniques of spear-fishing and angling. Were other methods also used? Fish remains from a shell midden provide an opportunity to investigate.


Hydraulic simulation is a very useful tool to predict global performances of ramjet combustion chambers and optical techniques can give a lot of information concerning the structure of the flow. Until recently, in the special case of combustion chambers, an optical method, called "global colorimetry" was used in order to obtain a global repartition of equivalence ratios and to predict combustion efficiency. Even if this method is powerful and predictive, it only gives global results. On the other hand, CFD codes give local results on a mesh and need local measurements to be validated. That is the reason why a new optical method, called "local colorimetry" has been developed with a two lateral inlet ramjet research chamber specifically designed for being installed on a hydraulic test rig in order to obtain an experimental database to validate numerical codes. Visualizations are shown and the optical method using laser tomography, LIF and digital acquisition and processing is explained. Experimental procedures are detailed and results concerning local air and fuel flow rates, and local equivalence ratios or mixture fuel/air ratios are analyzed. In addition, an ONERA CFED code is presented and the calculated results are compared with experimental data. Then, recent developments and prospects of the method are presented.© 2004 ASME


Encouraging middle school girls to become interested in Computer Science has been a concern in the Computer Science Education community for many years. Although many girls do play digital games[4], this has not led to further interest in computer science. We believe this is caused by many factors. We are researching the effect of teaching (non-programming) computer science principles embedded in after school games, to encourage girls to study computer science in their future. We maintain that the experience of learning these principles will increase their confidence that they can enjoy learning more about computer science. This on-going NSF sponsored AISL research project is described for discussion.


Abstract The realistic state of the education of the Roma community illustrates the need for serious investments in resources of a human and material kind. Although the recent decade proved to be a decade of educational needs of the Roma, analyses still show the necessity for sustaining the continuity in advancing the developments of everything connected to early childhood development, as a basic sub-system in education. The research that was done had the aim of exploring the needs for strengthening the competencies and the sensibilities of work in environments with social, language and cultural specificities. The research was conducted in several stages, with focus groups as well: a questionnaire for kindergarten educators was conducted; research with a focus group of kindergarten educators was conducted; research with a focus group of parents whose children attend the kindergarten was conducted; research with a focus group of NGO representatives was conducted. The methods and techniques applied are the method of analysis, the inductive, descriptive and the method of generalization, as well as techniques of analysis of pedagogical documentation, observation,and surveying. It can be concluded that: kindergarten educators show a need towards professional development and training related to early childhood development and learning; kindergarten educators show a need towards cooperation with the community; parents showed their dissatisfaction withthe difficult adaptation of children in the kindergarten; NGO representatives stated the need for infrastructural investments, as well as investments in joint project activities between the children, educators,and parents.


ABSTRACT In the context of updating the 2015 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the government of Chile has updated its estimates of compliance costs for a series of mitigation actions with an emphasis on the energy sector as the main source of its greenhouse gas emissions. Using the information developed in this process, we assess the impact on compliance costs of increasing the flexibility for sources by introducing different emissions trading schemes. For this we develop a detailed optimization model that represents the operational and investment decisions that could be taken by the energy generation, industrial and mining sectors if an Emissions Trading System (ETS) was implemented. An ETS with two cap and trade options is analysed together with an offset mechanism for sources not included in the ETS. Also, two policy goals are considered: a stringent 76% sectoral reduction goal in 2050 similar to Chile's current strict NDC, and a more lax 46% goal similar to Chile's initial 2015 NDC proposal. The results show that (i) cost reductions from increased flexibility for Chile's current strict NDC are significant, and that offsets can play an important role; (ii) the stringency of the reduction goal affects the magnitude of the cost savings related to flexibility and, surprisingly, total abatement costs are negative (i.e. there are benefits) for the 46% reduction goal. In this latter case, the most significant cost reductions result from compelling firms to comply with their allowances in each sector, not increased flexibility. These results highlight the policy relevance of case by case analysis using a modelling approach similar to the one we develop here. Key policy insights ETS implementation can help Chile meet its mitigation commitment for 2050. The compliance costs can vary significantly depending on the flexibility implemented in the emissions trading schemes. Optimization models can help decision-makers define the attributes of an ETS, such as the sectors that should participate, the cap, and the percentage of offsets. The proposed methodology also highlights and quantifies the offsets that can be acquired from sectors that are not part of an ETS, such as forestry, agriculture, and the waste sector. The possibility to acquire of offsets could reduce significantly the cost for industries that participate of an ETS.


International humanitarian agencies and donors have made a series of global commitments to local actors as part of the localization agenda, including to increase their access to greater direct funding by 2020. This briefing paper reviews 2015 national financial data for Bangladesh and Uganda to better understand how to target international investments in localization. It presents key findings from Oxfam-commissioned research on which factors affect local actors' ability to access international humanitarian funding. It concludes that in order for global commitments to translate into practice, investments should look at changing the terms of the funding relationship , as well as be based on a context-specific, national analysis of the financial environment.


This paper present paper provides the first results for Germany on the impact of works councils and collective agreements on plant closings, using data from the IAB establishment panel. We find evidence of a robust positive association between works council presence and plant closures. The strictures of collective agreements do not seemingly affect closings. By the same token, and contrary to some recent findings on other aspects of establishment performance, the presence of a collective agreement does not attenuate the impact of local workplace representation on closings. Our analysis does nothing to encourage a sanguine view of recent legislation in Germany that facilitates the formation of works councils and strengthens their codetermination powers.


Background—The transient outward potassium current (Ito) encoded by the Kv4 family of potassium channels is important in the repolarization of cardiac myocytes. KChIPs are a recently identified group of Ca2+-binding accessory subunits that modulate Kv4-encoded currents. KChIP2 is the only family member expressed in the heart. Methods and Results—We previously cloned 2 novel splice variants of KChIP2 from human heart, named KChIP2S and KChIP2T. The transmural distribution of KChIP2 mRNA and protein in human and canine left ventricle was examined using kinetic RT-PCR and Western blots in the same tissues. A steep gradient of mRNA with greater KChIP2 expression in the epicardium was observed. However, no gradient of immunoreactive protein was observed. Immunocytochemistry reveals KChIP2 expression in the t-tubules and the nucleus. The predominant effects of all 3 KChIP2 splice variants on hKv4.3-encoded current are to increase the density, slow the current decay in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and hasten recovery from inactivation in a splice variant–specific fashion. Conclusions—A family of KChIP2 proteins is expressed in human hearts that exhibits differential modulation of hKv4.3 current in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The effect of KChIP2 on the biophysical properties of expressed Kv4.3 current and the absence of a gradient of protein across the ventricular wall suggest that KChIP2 is either not a requisite component of human or canine ventricular Ito or that its functional effect is being affected or additionally modified by other factors present in myocardial cells.


We introduce a paradigm for understanding physical scenes without human annotations. At the core of our system is a physical world representation that is first recovered by a perception module and then utilized by physics and graphics engines. During training, the perception module and the generative models learn by visual de-animation --- interpreting and reconstructing the visual information stream. During testing, the system first recovers the physical world state, and then uses the generative models for reasoning and future prediction. Even more so than forward simulation, inverting a physics or graphics engine is a computationally hard problem; we overcome this challenge by using a convolutional inversion network. Our system quickly recognizes the physical world state from appearance and motion cues, and has the flexibility to incorporate both differentiable and non-differentiable physics and graphics engines. We evaluate our system on both synthetic and real datasets involving multiple physical scenes, and demonstrate that our system performs well on both physical state estimation and reasoning problems. We further show that the knowledge learned on the synthetic dataset generalizes to constrained real images.


Abstract Metagenomic sequencing combined with Oxford Nanopore Technology has the potential to become a point-of-care test for infectious disease in public health and clinical settings, providing rapid diagnosis of infection, guiding individual patient management and treatment strategies, and informing infection prevention and control practices. However, publicly available, streamlined, and reproducible pipelines for analyzing Nanopore metagenomic sequencing data are still lacking. Here we introduce NanoSPC, a scalable, portable and cloud compatible pipeline for analyzing Nanopore sequencing data. NanoSPC can identify potentially pathogenic viruses and bacteria simultaneously to provide comprehensive characterization of individual samples. The pipeline can also detect single nucleotide variants and assemble high quality complete consensus genome sequences, permitting high-resolution inference of transmission. We implement NanoSPC using Nextflow manager within Docker images to allow reproducibility and portability of the analysis. Moreover, we deploy NanoSPC to our scalable pathogen pipeline platform, enabling elastic computing for high throughput Nanopore data on HPC cluster as well as multiple cloud platforms, such as Google Cloud, Amazon Elastic Computing Cloud, Microsoft Azure and OpenStack. Users could either access our web interface (https://nanospc.mmmoxford.uk) to run cloud-based analysis, monitor process, and visualize results, as well as download Docker images and run command line to analyse data locally.


Background: Patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy often experience intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs), and warfarin in particular is known to increase hematoma expansion in ICHs, which results in a poor outcome. Recent studies reported that, in comparison with warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) cause fewer ICHs with better functional outcome. However, since it is still unknown whether DOACs are associated with a smaller hematoma volume of ICHs, we aimed to compare the volume, hematoma expansion, and outcomes associated with ICHs treated with DOACs and warfarin. Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. The subjects included patients with acute ICHs who received either DOACs or warfarin. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, and measured initial and follow-up ICH volumes. The volume of ICHs and hematoma expansion were compared between the DOAC and warfarin groups. Mortality and modified Rankin score at discharge were evaluated as outcomes. Results: There were 18 patients in the DOAC group and 71 in the warfarin group. The baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Initial median hematoma volume of ICHs in the DOAC group was significantly lower than that in the warfarin group (6.2 vs. 24.2 mL, respectively; p = 0.04). In cases involving follow-up computed tomography scanning, the median hematoma volume of ICHs at follow-up was lower in the DOAC group than in the warfarin group (initial: DOACs 4.4 vs. warfarin 13.5 mL; follow-up: 5.0 vs. 18.4 mL, respectively; p = 0.05). Further, the hematoma in ICHs associated with DOACs did not expand. Although the mortality of ICHs associated with DOACs (11%) was lower than that associated with warfarin (24%), this difference was not statistically significant. The univariate analysis showed that the anticoagulant type (DOACs vs. warfarin) and sex (male vs. female) were associated with ICH volume. The multivariable linear regression showed that the use of DOACs (compared to warfarin; β: –0.23, p = 0.03) and female sex (compared to male; β: –0.25, p = 0.02) were associated with a small hematoma volume. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, in terms of the risks associated with ICHs, the use of DOACs appears to be safer than warfarin for anticoagulation therapy. Further studies are required to validate these findings.


ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O86:K61 has long been associated with outbreaks of infantile diarrhea in humans and with diarrheal disease in many animal species. Studies in the late 1990s identified E. coli O86:K61 as the cause of mortality in a variety of wild birds, and in this study, 34 E. coli O86:K61 isolates were examined. All of the isolates were nonmotile, but most elaborated at least two morphologically distinct surface appendages that were confirmed to be type 1 and curli fimbriae. Thirty-three isolates were positive for the eaeA gene encoding a gamma type of intimin. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence was obtained for elaboration of Shiga-like toxins, but most isolates possessed the gene coding for the cytolethal distending toxin. Five isolates were selected for adherence assays performed with tissue explants and HEp-2 cells, and four of these strains produced attaching and effacing lesions on HEp-2 cells and invaded the cells, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Two of the five isolates were inoculated orally into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks, and both of these isolates colonized, invaded, and persisted well in this model. Neither isolate produced attaching and effacing lesions in chicks, although some pathology was evident in the alimentary tract. No deaths were recorded in inoculated chicks. These findings are discussed in light of the possibility that wild birds are potential zoonotic reservoirs of attaching and effacing E. coli.


This article looks at current international legislation regulating child pornography, particularly at the category of virtual child pornography, or purely fictional images and textual representations of young people defined as minors. This legislation has been drafted primarily with adult male pedophiles in mind in an attempt to stop harm to real children. However, the legislation also inadvertently criminalizes a large, predominantly female group of manga fans who participate in online fan clubs dedicated to a Japanese manga genre known as yaoi, which celebrates love shared between fictional, so-called beautiful boys. Results of this study suggest that there is insufficient research into the effects of this kind of fantasy fandom on girls and young women and that the broad scope of existing legislation, which in some jurisdictions criminalizes these fantasies, may actually be harmful to young people who need the freedom to express sexual fantasies in a secure, supportive environment.


Overwhelming sepsis associated with cardiac failure continues to be a major clinical problem. This is commonly associated with a failure to respond to conventional pharmacologic therapy. This study was undertaken to see if manipulations of the electrophysiologic defects previously described by treatment with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) would be advantageous. Septic shock was induced in rabbits by a lethal dose of Escherichia coli. Peak tension and velocities of contraction and relaxation were measured in papillary muscle with and without 5mM TEA. Exposure to this compound improved peak tension and velocities of contraction and relaxation to normal values. The action of TEA is not specific to septic tissue as values in normal muscles are similarly improved. Tetraethylammonium chloride or other drugs that decrease outward potassium current and prolong the action potential duration may be helpful in treating cardiac dysfunction that accompanies sepsis.


Brain activity shows underlying motives In humans, two completely different motives may nevertheless lead to exactly the same behavior. Because we can't directly observe motives, modern economists often completely disregard them. However, Hein et al., using fMRI, show that different human motives can yield observable responses in the brain (see the Perspective by Gluth and Fontanesi). In empathy-based and reciprocity-based altruistic behavior, the direction and the strength of functional connectivity between specific brain regions were different for each motive. Moreover, the connectivity patterns were independent of the behavioral implications of the motives. Science, this issue p. 1074; see also p. 1028 Connectivity patterns in human brain circuits can predict distinct motivations for similar observed behaviors. [Also see Perspective by Gluth and Fontanesi] Goal-directed human behaviors are driven by motives. Motives are, however, purely mental constructs that are not directly observable. Here, we show that the brain's functional network architecture captures information that predicts different motives behind the same altruistic act with high accuracy. In contrast, mere activity in these regions contains no information about motives. Empathy-based altruism is primarily characterized by a positive connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the anterior insula (AI), whereas reciprocity-based altruism additionally invokes strong positive connectivity from the AI to the ACC and even stronger positive connectivity from the AI to the ventral striatum. Moreover, predominantly selfish individuals show distinct functional architectures compared to altruists, and they only increase altruistic behavior in response to empathy inductions, but not reciprocity inductions.


Multiple vehicle tracking (MVT) system is a prerequisite to path planning and decision making of self-driving cars as it can provide positions of surrounding vehicles. Most of the available approaches belonging to the so called tracking-by-detection approach inevitably bring detection errors into the tracking result. In this study, we proposed a laser range finder (LRF) based track-before-detect MVT algorithm without detection procedure. Moreover, different from the state of the art in track-before-detect approaches using raw data, we applied a pre-clustering procedure to segment the raw data into disjoint clusters to reduce computation demand. Specifically, a clustering algorithm named iterative nearest point search (INPS) which can even handle the partial occlusion situations that are challenging for traditional clustering algorithms was designed for the pre-clustering procedure. Furthermore, a detailed cluster-to-target measurement model was proposed to describe the difference between cluster and hypothesis vehicle. Finally, we integrated the measurement model into the labeled multi-Bernoulli filter with particle implementation. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed MVT algorithm provides more accurate estimates of vehicle number and position in comparison with conventional methods.