The customer can now easily create, and customize, their own personal three dimensional (3D) virtual bodies in a variety of virtual environments; could you, by becoming a virtual body, actually enhance your online shopping and buying experiences or, would this potentially inhibit the pure visceral pleasure of retail therapy?

"Second Life allows you to be a celebrity in your own lunchtime, .…you can design the body you've always wanted, and indulge your fashionista fetish for very little money. You can be the most attractive, best-dressed version of yourself you can imagine."

This paper investigates online shopping in Second Life, through the experience of being avatars.

We will discuss the possibilities of using avatars as brand new consumer identities for personalised and customised fashion shopping within the 3D multi user virtual environment, and question the influences and effects of these developments on the traditional high street shopping trip.

The hyper un-realistic and non-sensory interface of online shopping for clothes has been hotly debated over the last decade; through the media, the industry and most importantly by the buying public. The customer's inability to try on and experience the product has been the main inhibitor to shopping on-line, and the high levels of product returns in home shopping dramatically reflect this reality. Faster broadband connections and improved 2D web sites are making clothes shopping on the web more accessible, and for important customer groups, such as young professional females, and plus-size teenagers, virtual 3D technologies offer freedom of choice in any location.

Retailers are now confidently providing different shopping experiences by combining 2D and 3D interactive visualisation technologies with advanced marketing techniques, to create virtual retail environments that attempt to actualise the true essence of shopping; by browsing, socialising, trying-on before buying and, in a new twist, leaving the store proudly wearing the item just purchased. American Apparel, Bershka, L'Oreal, Calvin Klein, Reebok, Sears, Nike and Adidas are pioneering virtual mega stores, and all offer newly innovative, and alternative shopping experiences inside 3D multi user virtual environments.

An experiential and exploratory approach will be used to investigate fashion brands, and their virtual 3D stores in Second Life. As 3D avatars, we will record a range of customer perceptions and attempt to map their shopping patterns in this massively popular virtual world. The qualitative data gathered will inform discussions about the value of the virtual shopping experience for the customer and the retailer. Conclusions will also question the possibility of using avatars in a virtual shopping environment to acquire accurate body specifications for better fit and the collection of personal details for use in the future development of alternative shopping experiences.


In this report, a full-scale test, SE09, is described. The test was performed through accelerated testing using the HVS (Heavy Vehicle Simulator) in the road laboratory at the VTI. Full-scale road structures were constructed in the laboratory on a subgrade of fine graded sand, and accelerated loading was carried on by the HVS using a truck wheel. Totally, together 0,5 million loadings were carried on in three different pavement temperatures (+10°C, +20°C and +30°C) under the period of December 2004-March 2005. The aim of the test was to study the stability characteristics of two pavement structures with different binder courses in relatively thick bitumen pavements in different temperatures. In one of the structures, polymer modified bitumen was used in the binder course, and in the other a conventional bitumen (ABb22, 70/100, according to the Swedish ATB Vag).


Talavera pottery is a unique art form produced in Puebla, Mexico. Although it has a long history, little is known concerning the aspects that contribute to perceptions of authenticity. A study of people who purchase Talavera found that authenticity encompasses five main factors: Appearance/Utility, Tradition and Certification, Difficult to Obtain, Locally Produced, and Low Cost. ANOVA indicates that there are differences with respect to the perception of authenticity with regard to appearance/utility and locally produced. Local tourists view authenticity through appearance and utility while international visitors are more concerned with the pottery being locally produced by local residents. The challenge for the people of Puebla is to continue to encourage interest in Talavera production while attempting to maintain its perception of authenticity and uniqueness among local residents and visitors to the region.


As one of effective regulation methods, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) has been widespread used to regulate dynamic reactive power and solve dynamic voltage stability problems into power-grid. Through the analysis of mathematical model, cascaded STATCOM, which is constructed by several cascaded H-bridges, is a nonlinear, multivariable, strongly coupled system. It will make difficulties in the design and practical application of controller. In this paper, mathematical models of cascaded STATCOM in a -b- c and d-q coordinates are deduced. Based on the theory of internal model control and PI control strategy, the internal decoupling control algorithm is introduced to realize independent control of active current and reactive current. At the same time, decoupling control algorithms are designed and decoupling control models are given and simulated. Both in a-b-c coordinates and d-q-0 coordinates, experiment and simulation results show that three-phase current of STATCOM has good tracking performance and control precision, which show the regulator design method and parameters setting are feasible and effective


In many countries around the world, electronic card-based payments have been replacing older types of payments at a rapid rate. In the United States, use of both debit cards and credit cards has been rising rapidly, while check volumes have been declining. The increased use of electronic payment methods has generated a number of public policy debates. One prominent debate concerns interchange fees. This paper is intended to provide background for understanding the interchange fee debate. The paper describes the operation of a typical payment card system, presents a summary of the economic theory underlying interchange fees, and discusses various developments in the U.S. payment cards industry, as well as legal and regulatory developments abroad. The paper concludes with a discussion and critical evaluation of a number of potential policy interventions.


In this paper, a novel decentralized control strategy for bilaterally teleoperating heterogeneous groups of mobile robots from different domains (aerial, ground, marine, and underwater) is proposed. By using a decentralized control architecture, the group of robots, which is treated as the slave side, is made able to navigate in a cluttered environment while avoiding obstacles, interrobot collisions, and following the human motion commands. Simultaneously, the human operator acting on the master side is provided with a suitable force feedback informative of the group response and of the interaction with the surrounding environment. Using passivity-based techniques, we allow the behavior of the group to be as flexible as possible with arbitrary split and join events (e.g., due to interrobot visibility/packet losses or specific task requirements) while guaranteeing the stability of the system. We provide a rigorous analysis of the system stability and steady-state characteristics and validate performance through human/hardware-in-the-loop simulations by considering a heterogeneous fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles as a case study. Finally, we also provide an experimental validation with four quadrotor UAVs.


The main contribution of the thesis is to develop a comprehensive framework for developing logic programs using ve program schemata and some basic data types, and to evaluate its suitability for developing sizable programs. The schemata are intended to capture design decisions made by a programmer during top-down re nement of a predicate. The schemata are completely independent from the data types, and have associated types and modes. The method of construction is to start from an initial typed moded call, and proceed using precisely de ned re nement operations until primitive data type operations are introduced. It is shown that the construction method produces programs that are polymorphic many-sorted formulas, and that computations using the programs cannot result in type or mode errors. The framework is compared with previous schema-based program development methods from the literature, and we argue that this method is better suited to the development of non-trivial programs, and is more amenable to computerised support. The introduction of types and modes into schemata is a signi cant addition, not previously reported. An approach to program veri cation is also introduced, in which the proof of correctness of a program is built from proof schemata corresponding to the program schemata used in the design of the program. Finally an implementation of the system is described and its use is illustrated on some sizable programs. The implementation incorporates a static analysis algorithm for checking the validity of the modes during the development of the program.


Explicit analytical expressions to represent the radiative properties of spherical particles in the small size-parameter range were obtained. These expressions were deduced following Penndorf's approach of expanding the Mie coefficients in power series on the size parameter. However, in opposition to Penndorf's original work—in which some errors were found and corrected—the Mie coefficients were expanded to the eighth power of the size parameter, which results in a five-term approximation to the extinction and scattering efficiencies. Also, expressions for the evaluation of the asymmetry factor and both polarized and unpolarized phase functions were deduced and presented. The results so obtained have proved to be very accurate, even for size parameters beyond the limit of validity of the approach utilized.


From early cave drawings to modern corporate logos, graphic symbols have been used to convey meanings both tangible and abstract. In this unique dictionary, Carl G. Liungman puts approximately 2,500 Western graphic symbols at your fingertips. Each entry includes the sign's history, its meanings, and the systems in which it is used. Symbols are cross-referenced to other signs with the same meanings and to structurally similar signs with different meanings. Locating an entry is as easy as looking up a word in a dictionary, due to a system that classifies each sign on the basis of three of its structural features. Enhancing the dictionary is a series of fascinating discussions of various aspects of ideograms. These include a discussion of signs and meanings, an overview of the historical development of signs, as well as sections on ancient American ideograms, the astrological system of symbols, the mystical pentagram, and the signs of the alchemists. Two indexes aid the reader. The Word Index specifies signs with a given name or meaning, along with subject headings. The Graphic Index displays symbols based on their structural features. Dictionary of Symbols serves both as a valuable reference on Western cultural history and as a professional tool for those working in design and the arts.


The role extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins may play in the host immune cascade triggered by organ transplantation is largely unknown. We have employed well-defined rat cardiac allograft model to test the hypothesis that the expression of ECM components, such as fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LN), represents an integral part of the host rejection response in transplant recipients. Indeed, treatment of rats with anti-LN Ab profoundly affected lymphocyte recirculation pathways, and selectively decreased deposition of alloreactive lymphocytes at the graft site and in host peripheral lymph nodes. Moreover, cardiac rejection was accompanied by markedly increased intragraft expression of both LN and FN. The infiltrating mononuclear cells, however, accumulated selectively in FN-rather than LN-rich cardiac areas. We also observed distinct temporal expression and spatial distribution patterns of FN variants in rat cardiac allografts and isografts. The local synthesis of FN, in both allografts and isografts was increased as early as at 3 h post-transplant. The expression of FN in cardiac allografts but not in isografts, remained high during later intervals to the point of ultimate rejection. The newly synthesized FNs derived from graft infiltrating macrophages and arterioles, and included EIIIA +, EIIIB +, and CS-I + splicing variants. The EIIIA was preferentially enriched in the earlier, whereas EIIIB and CS-I were selectively enhanced in the later, rejection phases. Finally, treatment of rat recipients with synthetic FN-CS-I peptides prevented the incidence of early (acute) and late (chronic) rejection, supporting the notion that distinct FNs may play a fundamental role in the host immune cascade triggered by organ transplantation. These data offer potential novel sites for intervention in the control of transplant rejection, and contribute to the development of refined therapeutic strategies based upon new concepts of host immunosuppression.


This paper sketches the history of the study of the languages of West Africa, particularly of their lexical resources, offered as a typical example of similar developments elsewhere in the world. The collection of wordlists from the languages and their use to establish genetic relationships is considered, with some practical observations on the improvement of this methodology. The final section reports on an ongoing project for a comparative dictionary in northern Ghana, particularly the use of simple semantic network studies both within and across languages. An appendix presents one of the preliminary papers circulated in connection with this project.


The objective of this study is to assess the heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala and study the direct and indirect effect for disposal of waste water, industrial and agricultural drainage water into the lake on the environmental situation. Samples were collected from four different sites in the lake and one site in the drain. The selected sites are exposed to direct and indirect industrial, municipal waste water and agricultural drainage disposals. A site near the connection between the lake and the sea was chosen as a possible unpolluted site to compare. Three water samples and one sediment sample were collected monthly from each site for thirteen months. Fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly for eight months from different sites of the lake. Water salinity and pH values were measured to each site. Water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed for the concentration of five major heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu), and two groups of bacteria (Total viable bacteria TVB - faecal coliform bacteria FCB). Results show that all the water and sediment samples were collected from five sites contain different concentration of the five tested heavy metals. The highly polluted site with Zn, Pb, Cu in sediment was found in the drain as a result of the industrial disposal. The highly polluted site with Zn and Cu in water and Cd in sediment was found in site near the industrial area as a result of direct disposal of factories nearby. Although the site near the connection between the sea and the lake was assumed to be the purest site, It was found contained a maximum concentration of Pb in water. It is possibly due to the disposal from a new natural gas factories located near this area. All the five sites were contaminated with high rate of TVB and FCB in water which is an indicator of untreated waste water which spilled directly or indirectly to the lake. The most alarming result was found when analyzing fish; all the fish samples were contaminated on surface and internally with very high amounts of TVB and FCB at gill and intestine. Fish samples also had high concentrations of analyzed heavy metals at their flesh. The mean calculated value of Pb was high up to 38 times than the allowed permissible concentration. This confirms that lake fish is highly polluted and dangerous for human health. (Less)


ABSTRACT Complementary approaches were employed to characterize transitional episodes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development using direct observation and whole-cell protein analysis. Microscopy and in situ reporter gene analysis were used to directly observe changes in biofilm physiology and to act as signposts to standardize protein collection for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis and protein identification in chemostat and continuous-culture biofilm-grown populations. Using these approaches, we characterized five stages of biofilm development: (i) reversible attachment, (ii) irreversible attachment, (iii) maturation-1, (iv) maturation-2, and (v) dispersion. Biofilm cells were shown to change regulation of motility, alginate production, and quorum sensing during the process of development. The average difference in detectable protein regulation between each of the five stages of development was 35% (approximately 525 proteins). When planktonic cells were compared with maturation-2 stage biofilm cells, more than 800 proteins were shown to have a sixfold or greater change in expression level (over 50% of the proteome). This difference was higher than when planktonic P. aeruginosa were compared with planktonic cultures of Pseudomonas putida. Las quorum sensing was shown to play no role in early biofilm development but was important in later stages. Biofilm cells in the dispersion stage were more similar to planktonic bacteria than to maturation-2 stage bacteria. These results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa displays multiple phenotypes during biofilm development and that knowledge of stage-specific physiology may be important in detecting and controlling biofilm growth.


For the last two decades, most nancial markets have undergone an evolution toward electroni cation. The market for corporate bonds is one of the last ma jor nancial markets to follow this unavoidable path. Traditionally quote-driven (that is, dealer-driven) rather than order-driven, the market for corporate bonds is still mainly dominated by voice trading, but a lot of electronic platforms have emerged that make it possible for buy-side agents to simultaneously request several dealers for quotes, or even directly trade with other buy-siders. The research presented in this article is based on a large proprietary database of requests for quotes (RFQ) sent, through the multi-dealer-to-client (MD2C) platforms operated by Bloomberg Fixed Income Trading and Tradeweb, to one of the ma jor liquidity providers in European corporate bonds. Our goal is (i) to model the RFQ process on these platforms and the resulting competition between dealers, (ii) to use the RFQ database in order to implicit from our model the behavior of both dealers and clients on MD2C platforms, and (iii) to study the in uence of several bond characteristics on the behavior of market participants.


Most researchers think the dinosaurs, many plants on land, and much of the life in the sea succumbed to a huge cosmic impact 65.5 million years ago. But new evidence from the sea floor just off Antarctica points to a major extinction there a geologic moment before the impact. The culprit in this earlier cataclysm may well have been humongous volcanic eruptions in India—the same eruptions that some researchers have credited with wiping out the dinosaurs.


he National Documentation Center (EKT) has developed HELIOS (http://helios-eie.ekt.gr) - the institutional repository of the National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) aiming at collecting the scientific work of its associate researchers. DSpace has been used as the repository platform in the implementation of HELIOS. According to the repository literature (A DRIVER's Guide to European Repositories, Amsterdam University Press, 2008), offering value-added services to researchers can be an important factor for repository take-up, able to significantly increase deposits through self-archiving. Therefore, in order to encourage the usage of HELIOS among the NHRF researchers, an application providing value-added services over the repository has been developed. In brief, this application harvests the digital repository's data and presents them outside the repository's framework, enabling citation management and configurable custom reporting, for example producing publication lists per researcher and institute, exactly in the format applied in the institute annual report. The application is in operation on top of the HELIOS DSpace-based repository; however it has been designed and implemented to depend only on information retrieved via OAI-PMH, so that it can work with any OAI-PMH compliant repository platform (DSpace, Eprints, Fedora, etc.)


ONDLE Abstract How do visitors to fine art museums experience exhibitions? Can we classify their experiences? What are the factors that drive different types of visitor experience? We set out to answer these questions by analyzing from sociological, psychological, physiological, and behavioral perspectives the responses of 576 visitors to a special exhibition 11: 1 (+ 3) = Eleven Collections for One Museum mounted at the Kunstmuseum St. Gallen, Switzerland, from June to August 2009. Our five-year research project, eMotion: Mapping the Museum Experience, interpreted computer-modeled movement-tracking and physiological maps of the visitors in complement with entrance and exit surveys. We tested individual aspects of the visitor, such as her or his expectations of the exhibition prior to seeing it; his or her socio-demographic characteristics; her or his affinity for art, mood just before and receptivity just after the visit; and spatial, individual, and group-related behavior patterns. Our study breaks down three types of exhibition experience that we call"the contemplative,""the enthusing,"and"the social experience."The results yield new information about aesthetic arousal, cognitive reaction, patterns of social behavior, and the diverse elementsoftheexhibitionexperience.


OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the literature on the impact of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), and tuberculosis on minority drug injectors in the United States.

OBSERVATIONS
Injection drug use is a key factor in the transmission of blood-borne pathogens, and HIV disease is exacerbated by tuberculosis infection. Minority drug injectors are disproportionately represented in the national statistics on these infections. Behavioral epidemiologic studies show that both injection-related risk factors years of injecting drugs, type of drug injected, direct and indirect sharing of injection paraphernalia) and sex-related risk factors (lack of condom use, multiple sexual partners, survival sex) are conducive to the spread of HIV, HBV, and HCV.

CONCLUSIONS
Two issues must be addressed to halt the spread of HIV infection and hepatitis B and C. The capacity of syringe-exchange programs to refer participants to drug treatment programs and facilitate access to health and social services must be increased. Culturally appropriate behavioral interventions targeting risk behaviors among ethnic and racial minorities, especially women, must be developed and put in place.


BackgroundHyperglycemia at the time of acute ischemic stroke has been linked to worse outcome in both human and animal studies. ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and severity of hyperglycemia on hospital admission among acute ischemic stroke patients, to examine the independent relationship of admission hyperglycemia to all-cause mortality, and to document the inpatient management of hyperglycemia. MethodsPatients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke at one hospital from July 1993 to June 1998 (n = 656) were identified. Demographic data, diagnoses, and blood glucose (BG) values were retrieved from the electronic medical record system. Admission stroke severity, fingerstick BG results, and new diabetes diagnoses were obtained by chart review. Hyperglycemia was defined as admitting random serum BG ≥ 130 mg/dL. Hazard ratios (HR) for 30-day, 1-year, and 6-year mortality were calculated using multivariable Cox regression models. ResultsHyperglycemia at admission to hospital was present in 40% of patients with acute stroke. Patients with hyperglycemia were more often women and more likely to have prior diagnoses of diabetes and heart failure. Almost all of these patients remained hyperglycemic during their hospital stay (mean BG = 206 mg/dL), and 43% received no inpatient hypoglycemic drugs. Hyperglycemic patients had longer hospital stay (7 vs 6 days, p = 0.015) and higher inpatient hospital charges ($6,611 vs $5,262, p < 0.001). Hyperglycemia independently increased the risk for death at 30 days (HR 1.87, p ≤ 0.01), 1 year (HR 1.75, p ≤ 0.01), and 6 years after stroke (HR 1.41, p ≤ 0.01). ConclusionsAdmitting hyperglycemia was common among patients with acute ischemic stroke and was associated with increased short- and long-term mortality and with increased inpatient charges. Inpatient blood glucose management was suboptimal in this hospital. A trial of intensive treatment of hyperglycemia should be considered.


Two new analytical methodologies were developed for chlorine and bromine stable isotope analyses of inorganic samples by Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CF-IRMS) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). Inorganic chloride and bromide were precipitated as silver halides (AgCl and AgBr) and then converted to methyl halide (CH3Cl and CH3Br) gases and analyzed. These new techniques require small samples sizes (1.4 µmol of Cl- and 1 µmol of Br-). The internal precision using pure CH3Cl gas is better than ∓0.04 ‰ (∓STDV) while the external precision using seawater standard is better than ∓0.07 ‰ (∓STDV). The internal precision using pure CH3Br gas is better than ∓0.03 ‰ (∓STDV) and the external precision using seawater standard is better than ∓0.06 ‰ (∓STDV). Moreover, the sample analysis time is much shorter than previous techniques. The analyses times for chlorine and bromine stable isotopes are 16 minutes which are 3-5 times shorter than all previous techniques. Formation waters from three sedimentary settings (the Paleozoic sequences in southern Ontario and Michigan, the Williston Basin and the Siberian Platform) were analyzed for 37Cl and 81Br isotopes. The δ37Cl and δ81Br values of the formation waters from these basins are characterized by large variations (between -1.31 ‰ and +1.82 ‰ relative to SMOC and between -1.50 ‰ and +3.35 ‰ relative to SMOB, respectively). A positive trend between δ81Br and δ37Cl values was found in all basins, where an enrichment of δ81Br is coupled by an enrichment of δ37Cl. In the Paleozoic sequences in southern Ontario and Michigan, the δ37Cl and δ81Br signatures of formation water collected from northwest of the Algonquin Arch are distinct from those collected from southeast of the Arch. All of the brines from the northwest of the Algonquin Arch are characterized by depleted isotopic values in comparison with the isotopic values from the brines from southeast of the Arch. The δ81Br signatures of the two brines show total separation with no overlaps. The δ37Cl values show some overlap between the two groups. One of the scenarios that can be put forward is that the Arch forms a water divide, where sediments southeast of the Arch are dominated by Appalachian Basin formation waters, and the sediments located northwest of the Arch are dominated by the Michigan Basin formation waters. The δ81Br and δ37Cl signatures of the Williston Basin brines suggest the existence of several different brines that are isotopically distinct and located in different stratigraphic units, even though they are chemically similar. The relatively wide range of δ37Cl and δ81Br of the formation waters suggests that the ocean isotopic signatures were variable over geologic time. A seawater temporal curve for δ81Br and δ37Cl was proposed with a larger variation of δ81Br in comparison with δ37Cl. The isotopic variations of these two elements agree very well with 87Sr/86Sr seawater variation during the same period. In general, the use of chlorine and bromine stable isotopes can be very useful in assessing…


The in vitro recapitulation of tissue and organ function represents one of the main objectives of tissue engineering. Developments in this field have numerous applications, from alleviating the shortage of donor organs to providingmore representative platforms for drug testing. As such, there is an increasingly significant body of literature devoted to the development of better strategies to reconstruct living matter outside of the body. The three-dimensional (3D) architecture of a tissue, its histoarchitecture, is a key aspect to consider when engineering a tissue. Indeed, tissue function not only arises from individual elements that compose the tissue, its different cell types and their extracellular matrices (ECM), but also fromtheir precise spatial arrangement and interactions. Bioprinting is considered as one of the most promising techniques to recapitulate the complexity of in vivo histoarchitectures. Early bioprinting examples have shown successful application of inkjet printing to geometrically arrange cells and biomolecules in 2D and, to a much lesser extent, in 3D. However, no group has shown yet a technological platformable to print a living tissue construct whose make-up could even closelymimic the histoarchitecture of a native tissue. In this thesis the most significant challenges in using inkjet printers for tissue engineering were tackled. Perhaps the most critical bottleneck of state-of-the-art bioprinting is the lack of suitable bioinks; precursor liquids with distinct physico-chemical properties that very rapidly transforminto solid hydrogels and also possess the necessary bioactive characteristics to guide cell development into a functional tissue. To this end, a novel double network hydrogel systemwas conceived which combines ultra-rapid cross-linking of alginate, a biologically inert polysaccharide network, with the slower enzymatic crosslinking of a synthetic but highly bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) gel. The latter could be tailored virtually on demand tomimic a desired ECM in a tissue. Based on this bioink concept it was demonstrated that complex multicomponent 3D shapes could be printed. Importantly, using primary human fibroblasts as model system, the bioinks showed outstanding characteristics as cellular microenvironments, facilitating rapid 3D cell migration and self-organization into multicellular networks. To mimic the spatial complexity of living tissues, it is crucial to master the deposition of multiple, cell-containing bioinks into user-defined 3D structures. Each bioink could thus mimic a specific cell/ECMcomponent present in a native tissue. To be able to reproduce an appropriate histoarchitecture, bioinks have to be deposited precisely enough to approximate their natural 3D spatial arrangement down to a cellular scale. Technically, this implies that the dispensing units must be extremely well aligned and synchronized to one another in order to pattern according to a specified design. In order to address these challenges, several novel bioprinting concepts were developed, which allowed the patterning of multiple bioinks containing living cells into 3D tissue-like geometries. In the last part of this thesis, an important first step towards the engineering of macroscopic tissue models was taken. Accordingly, a fundamental requirement for the viability and maturation of a printed tissue construct is the supply of nutrients and growth factors through a microfluidic network, similar to the vascularization in a native tissue. To this end, a novel approach for the printing of 3D constructs with an interconnected channel network enabling rapid nutrient transport was devised. This was achieved by exploiting the multicomponent printing developed earlier. A channel network inside the construct was patterned using a degradable hydrogel that could be selectively removed to leave behind the perfusable microfluidic system. Moreover, it was possible to combine this sacrificial layer approach with cell-containing bioinks to generate a cellularized perfusable tissue model. Encouraging preliminary long-termculture experiments revealed that dynamic cell culture conditions could be maintained, leading to viable cell growth over more than one week under perfusion conditions. Taken together, this thesis presents several important steps toward an inkjet-based platform for in vitro tissue engineering. It is expected that the strategies developed here will provide a solid basis for future advances in the emerging bioprinting field.


ABSTRACT:In 1979, the Orthodox monk Philoumenos Hasapis was violently murdered in Jacob's Well Church in Nablus. His death was described as a ritual murder performed by a fanatical Jewish-Israeli group. Philoumenos was later sanctified by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The story gained publicity among Orthodox Christian communities around the world and was accredited by various NGOs and scholars. However, the factual basis of the event dismissed any ritualistic motives or collective accusations for the murder. The development patterns of the popular narrative are assessed against the backdrop of similar accusations levied against medieval Jewish communities in Europe, as well as contemporary framing of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the media. The conclusions suggest reasons for the wide publicity that the narrative received, based on the cultural context of its target audience, the interests of the Orthodox Church, and the role of political actors involved.


Abstract Animal communication signals are diverse. The types of sounds that animals produce, and the way that information is encoded in those sounds, not only varies between species but can also vary geographically within a species. Therefore, an understanding of the vocal repertoire at the population level is important for providing insight into regional differences in vocal communication signals. One species whose vocal repertoire has received considerable attention is the bottlenose dolphin. This species is well known for its use of individually distinctive identity signals, known as signature whistles. Bottlenose dolphins use their signature whistles to broadcast their identity and to maintain contact with social companions. Signature whistles are not innate, but are learnt signals that develop within the first few months of an animal's life. It is therefore unsurprising that studies which have characterized signature whistles in wild populations of bottlenose dolphins have provided evidence of geographic variation in signature whistle structure. Here, we describe the occurrence of signature whistles in a previously unexplored wild population of bottlenose dolphins in Cardigan Bay, Wales. We present the first occurrence of a signature whistle with an ultrasonic fundamental frequency component (>30 kHz), a frequency band that was not thought to be utilized by this species for whistle communication. We also describe the occurrence of an ultrasonic non-signature whistle. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting regional studies in order to fully quantify a species' vocal repertoire, and call into question the efficacy of those studies that use restricted sampling rates.


The Handbook of Islamic Banking comprises 25 studies by leading international experts on Islamic banking and finance specially commissioned to analyse the various debates and the current state of play in the field. This comprehensive Handbook provides a succinct analysis of the workings of Islamic banking and finance, accessible to a wide range of readers. At the same time, it seeks to bring the current research agenda and the main issues on Islamic banking before a wider audience.


Palaeokarst deposits are most commonly found in excavations, drill holes and naturally exposed at the Earth's surface. Some caves however intersect palaeokarst deposits. This occurs in large hypogene caves in the USA, thermal caves in Hungary and in many caves in eastern Australia. Palaeokarst deposits in caves respond to cave forming processes in the same way as hostrock: the palaeokarst deposits form cave walls. A range of palaeokarst deposits is exposed in caves including; filled tubes, walls composed of flowstone, large-scale bodies, breccia pipes, dykes, volcaniclastic palaeokarst and crystalline palaeokarst. As well as being exposed in cave walls, palaeokarst deposits can wholly or partly form speleogens (speleogens made from palaeokarst). Records of geological events not preserved elsewhere can occur in palaeokarst deposits in caves. These can be difficult to correlate with conventional geological histories. It is important to be able to distinguish between palaeokarst deposits, relict sediments and phantom rock (in-situ weathered rock, also called ghost rock; Vergari & Quinif 1997). Relict sediments can be distinguished from palaeokarst deposits because the cave walls bound relict sediments while palaeokarst deposits form the cave walls. Palaeokarst can be distinguished from phantom rock, as palaeokarst is unconformable with the hostrock, with structures in the hostrock not continuing across the boundary into the palaeokarst. Hostrock structures and textures do continue across the boundary between unaltered hostrock and phantom rock. Similarly, cave sediments are unconformable or disconformable with the hostrock while phantom rock is conformable with hostrock containing hostrock structures and textures. It has been difficult to explain why palaeokarst occurs in some caves and not others. One explanation worth considering is that palaeokarst deposits are not intersected by caves or sections of caves that contain large perennial streams and/or have undergone large-scale vadose fluvial development capable of escaping from the bounds of structural guidance, such as the caves in the Classical Karst. Key words: palaeokarst, caves, Australia, relict sediments, phantom rock.


This paper discusses the problems associated with using information about the signs of certain magnitudes as a basis for drawing structural conclusions in vector autoregressions. We also review available tools to solve these problems. For illustration we use Dahlhaus and Vasishtha's (2019) study of the effects of a U.S. monetary contraction on capital flows to emerging markets. We explain why sign restrictions alone are not enough to allow us to answer the question and suggest alternative approaches that could be used.


A mathematical model of the contaminant transport in HVAC systems and buildings is described. The m odel accounts for transients introduced by control elements such as fans and control dampers. The contaminant transport equations are coupled to momentum equations and mass continuity equations of the air. To avoid modeling variable transport delays directly, ducts are divided into a large number of small sections. Perfect mixing is assumed in each section. Contaminant transport equations are integrated with momentum equations in a way that guarantees mass continuity by using two non-negative velocities for computing the mass transport between elements. Computer simulations illustrate how the model may be used to analyze and design control systems that respond to a sudden release of a toxic contaminant near a building. By coupling transient flow prediction with transient contaminant prediction, the model overcomes a number of problems with existing contaminant transport codes.


Media Studies now makes up one quarter of the mandatory English program curriculum for students, grades one through twelve, in the province of Ontario. Prompted by the recent changes in prescribed media requirements, this study explores the history and theory behind current Media Studies curriculum in Ontario to gain insight on how theses ideals function in practice. More specifically, this study involved a qualitative analysis in three major parts: a genealogy of visual media and media education that explores the motivations behind the study of popular meda; a discourse analysis of curricular texts that addresses current expectations for Grade Twelve media literacy; and finally, a critical ethnography of a Grade Twelve classroom in Toronto that provides examples of how the curriculum can be implemented when informed by critical pedagogy.


Executive Summary of the evaluation that assesses the work done by the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDBG) on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure in Evaluation of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The evaluation comes at a unique time for IDBG given the recent merge-out of private sector operations into the Inter-American Investment Corporation. The change in strategic focus of the Multilateral Investment Fund, which used to have a PPP focus area, may also create new opportunities and challenges in terms of skills, organization, and coordination among different parts of the IDBG.


Scholars have recently examined the work of several groups engaged in the intellectual projects that provided the foundation of Nostra Aetate and, in some cases participated in the writing process. The Sisters of Our Lady of Sion are one of these groups. They are an international women's religious congregation, originally founded with a perspective of conversion that, over the course of a century, developed a commitment to encounter, dialogue and friendship. This article looks at their work in the years preceding the Second Vatican Council, as well as the period of the Council. It then looks at four critical elements that, over the course of several decades allowed the Sisters to make the journey from conversion to dialogue: philosemitism, ressourcement, the Shoah, and the Affaire Finaly. Using administrative documents, it then traces the actual development of thinking from 1946 to 1964. This exploration shows the Sisters' work as being part of a larger context in which women and men, lay people and clergy, scholars and pastoral workers underwent a transformation in the ways in which they understood the relationship of Jews and Christians and made possible a similar transformation in the Church's self-understanding.


Abstract Business has been involved in cooperation with multilateral organizations through public-private partnerships (PPPs) since the late 1990s. With their adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), multilateral institutions increasingly consider partnerships as a means to achieve their goals given their own limited implementation capacity. However, the global economic order has changed significantly since the first expansion of PPPs, particularly due to growing participation by non-western states and companies. This article asks how this shift has changed the eagerness to form partnerships, as well as their qualitative content. It analyzes the 3964 partnerships in the SDG partnership registry, focusing on the subset of them that includes business partners. We divide these into five groups: local implementation, resource mobilization, advocacy, policy, and operational partnerships. We study PPPs involving companies from different varieties of capitalism—private, market based forms, and state-led forms of capitalism. We find that PPPs are still dominated by companies and other actors from Western countries. Moreover, business participate more in U.S.- and Canadian-led partnerships than others. We also find strong differences regarding what category of PPPs that companies from different backgrounds engage in, and discuss the linkages between varieties of capitalism and PPP participation.


Perceptions of the procedural fairness of the criminal justice system turn on whether it gives individuals and communities a "voice," or a forum in which to tell their stories. If the system imposes unwanted silence on a party its legitimacy in the eyes of the public decreases. Despite the extensive literature on the many specific applications of silence in the justice system, no attempt has yet been made to break down the relationship between the victim's silence and the defendant's across the disparate doctrines of criminal law, or the importance of these interconnections to the expressive purposes of punishment, particularly in a world where punishment so frequently turns on the outcome of plea negotiations. Such an effort requires us to recognize a distinction between procedural silence, which is grounded in the individual rights of each party, and what should be understood as substantive silence, which can form part of both the definition of criminal conduct on the front end and, on the back end, of the judgment and sentence in a particular case. This article has two purposes. One, it provides the first full taxonomy of the role of silence in the criminal law and identifies the key interactions between procedural and substantive silence. And, two, it offers normative suggestions — particularly to prosecutors — for managing silence in a way that will better achieve justice in light of the cumulative relationship between substance and procedure.


Real-time stream mining such as surveillance and personal health monitoring is computation-intensive and prohibitive for mobile devices due to the hardware/computation constraints. To satisfy the growing demand for stream mining in mobile networks, we propose to employ a cloud-based stream mining system in which the mobile devices send via wireless links unclassified media streams to the cloud for classification. We focus on minimizing the classification-energy cost, defined as an affine combination of classification cost and energy consumption at the cloud, subject to an average stream mining delay constraint (which is important in real-time applications). To address the challenge of time-varying wireless channel conditions without a priori information about the channel statistics, we develop an online algorithm in which the cloud operator can adjust its resource provisioning on the fly and the mobile devices can adapt their transmission rates to the instantaneous channel conditions. It is proved that, at the expense of increasing the average stream mining delay, the online algorithm achieves a classification-energy cost that can be pushed arbitrarily close to the minimum cost achieved by the optimal offline algorithm. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analysis.


Abstract. In this paper we use more than a decade of in situ electron density observations from CHAMP and GRACE satellites to investigate the solar activity dependence of nonmigrating tides at both low and middle latitudes. The results indicate that the longitudinal patterns of F region electron density vary with season and latitude, which are exhibiting a wavenumber 4 (WN4) pattern around September equinox at low latitudes and WN1/WN2 patterns during local summer at the southern/northern middle latitudes. These wave patterns in the F region ionosphere can clearly be seen during both solar maximum and minimum years. At low latitudes the absolute amplitudes of DE3 (contributing to the WN4 pattern) are found to be highly related to the solar activity, showing larger amplitudes during solar maximum years. Similarly a solar activity dependence can also be found for the absolute amplitudes of D0, DW2 and DE1 (contributing to the WN1 and WN2 pattern) at middle latitudes. The relative amplitudes (normalized by the zonal mean) of these nonmigrating tides at both low and middle altitudes show little dependence on solar activity. We further found a clear modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the relative DE3 amplitudes in both satellite observations, which is consistent with the QBO dependence as reported for the E region temperatures and zonal wind. It also supports the strong coupling of the low-latitude nonmigrating tidal activity between the E and F regions. However, the QBO dependence cannot be found for the relative amplitudes of the nonmigrating tides at middle latitudes, which implies that these tides are generated in situ at F region altitudes.


The telecom sector in Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, has seen growth in mobile penetration that has surpassed all expectations. In this context, a household survey-based study has been conducted to explore the impact of rural telecom on the status of daily food intake scenario in the study area. Multiple tools of methodology have been used in this study. Various techniques (both quantitative and qualitative) were employed to explore the situation of mobile phone user in rural areas of Bangladesh. Purposive random sampling and case study method have been pursued to collect information from the respondents. The major empirical findings summarized here are extracted by a thorough analysis on the data set applying basically Tobit regression analysis along with the typically descriptive statistical tools and techniques. In additional, the extracted result would provoke the government for initiating public–private partnerships to reach the village poor with mobile phone heavily subsidized so that the people with comparatively low income could have easy access to communication device thus enhancing their living standard. The analytical model sketched in this study may be useful in justifying the extension of Information and communication technologies sectors in the rural areas being one of the first its kind in Bangladesh; the study has the potential to be the basis for future studies in the context of Bangladesh. Aus. Aca. Busi & Eco. Rev Vol  3(3),  July 2017, P 131-143


We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a $d$-dimensional rectified Gaussian distribution from i.i.d. samples. A rectified Gaussian distribution is defined by passing a standard Gaussian distribution through a one-layer ReLU neural network. We give a simple algorithm to estimate the parameters (i.e., the weight matrix and bias vector of the ReLU neural network) up to an error $\eps\norm{W}_F$ using $\widetilde{O}(1/\eps^2)$ samples and $\widetilde{O}(d^2/\eps^2)$ time (log factors are ignored for simplicity). This implies that we can estimate the distribution up to $\eps$ in total variation distance using $\widetilde{O}(\kappa^2d^2/\eps^2)$ samples, where $\kappa$ is the condition number of the covariance matrix. Our only assumption is that the bias vector is non-negative. Without this non-negativity assumption, we show that estimating the bias vector within any error requires the number of samples at least exponential in the infinity norm of the bias vector. Our algorithm is based on the key observation that vector norms and pairwise angles can be estimated separately. We use a recent result on learning from truncated samples. We also prove two sample complexity lower bounds: $\Omega(1/\eps^2)$ samples are required to estimate the parameters up to error $\eps$, while $\Omega(d/\eps^2)$ samples are necessary to estimate the distribution up to $\eps$ in total variation distance. The first lower bound implies that our algorithm is optimal for parameter estimation. Finally, we show an interesting connection between learning a two-layer generative model and non-negative matrix factorization. Experimental results are provided to support our analysis.


An 18 km long N–S seismic reflection profile has been acquired across the faulted boundary between the Alston Block and the Northumberland Trough. A NW–SE geological cross-section has been constructed across the trough by integrating this line with other data, and a Tricentrol seismic profile confirms the suitability of this model. The trough has a markedly asymmetric form, with a thickness of more than 4.2 km of Dinantian strata adjacent to its faulted southern margin. The present day surface faults (Stublick, Ninety Fathom) are related to Variscan and later inversion and transpression, and do not everywhere correspond precisely to the earlier syn-depositional normal faults. The basin is believed to have formed in response to reactivation of the Iapetus Suture in a dominantly N–S extensional stress field. Basin evolution has been analysed by fault restorations and subsidence modelling. The fault restorations indicate an upper crustal extension factor of 1.15 to 1.19. Subsidence modelling indicates a whole crustal extension factor of 1.30, with similar sub-crustal lithospheric extension. It is possible that the difference between the inferred extension factors is due to non-uniform (increasing downwards) lithospheric extension, but the uncertainties inherent in both methods are such that this cannot yet be confirmed.


Difficulties in emotion regulation, in the form of fear of emotion, have been studied in adults but have received scant attention within the adolescent population. This omission is partly due to the lack of comprehensive and cross-culturally valid emotion measures that adequately assess emotion dysregulation in adolescents. The current research looks at evaluating the psychometric properties and clinical relevance of the Modified Affective Control Scale for Adolescents-Revised (MACSA-Revised), which measures adolescents' fear of losing control over emotions or their reactions to emotions.

Study 1 examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the MACSARevised in a community sample of 595 Singaporean students, aged 12 to 18 years. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that data was best explained by a 5-factor solution and reliability and validity of the MACSA-Revised was demonstrated. Although it was noted that females reported significantly higher fear of emotion than males, and upper secondary students reported significantly higher fear of emotion than lower secondary students, these differences produced only small effect sizes.

Study 2 examined the clinical utility of the MACSA-Revised by comparing the responses of a matched sample of 40 clinical adolescent participants from a mental health clinic in Singapore and 40 community adolescent participants. Evidence of criterion-related validity of the MACSA-Revised was demonstrated. Clinical participants reported a heightened fear of emotion as compared to community participants. In addition, gender Fear of Emotion in Adolescents and year-level main effects were found in the combined clinical and community sample (N = 80).

Although limitations of the two studies are noted, the MACSA-Revised appears to be a psychometrically sound measure for the assessment of fear of emotions in adolescents. Having an emotion measure with cross-cultural applicability that is suitable for adolescents will be helpful for future research when looking at pathways of emotion dysregulation that contribute to adolescent psychopathology.

Keywords: Fear of emotion, adolescents, emotion regulation, emotion dysregulation, culture and emotion.


Camel meat has many benefits as a meat product. It has low fat content and is highly nutritious, and has potential to be used to combat hyperacidity, hypertension, pneumonia and respiratory disease. This book reviews up-to-date literature on camel meat and meat products, carcass and meat quality characteristics, muscle structure, post-mortem analysis and the nutritive value to humans. A comparatively small component of global meat consumption, camel meat has the potential to undergo an explosion of production worldwide, and currently farming for camel meat in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia is undergoing significant expansion. The potential of camel meat in helping to meet projected world food shortages, and being sustainably farmed, is also explored by the editors.


Improved maize seed is instrumental to deliver an Asian-style 'green revolution' for Africa. The paper reviews and makes a comparative analysis of the maize (corn) seed sector and its evolution in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Ethiopia drawing from seed sector surveys and secondary data. Enhancing farmers' access to and use of new maize varieties still presents a number of challenges in eastern Africa – not least due to a number of policy and institutional impediments to the development of the seed sector. The regional seed sectors also show some remarkable contrasts: they have evolved at different speeds and in different directions, driven by diverging agricultural growth opportunities and varying degrees of regulation, liberalization and restructuring. The paper reiterates calls for an enabling environment for private seed companies to evolve in order to serve the diverse farmer communities so that they benefit from existing and future improved maize seed opportunities.


Introduction: Child abuse continues to be one of the primary threats to the child's emotional and social well-being globally. As students spend maximum time in school, teachers need to be trained to recognize physical and behavioural changes associated with abuse in order to confidently determine the cause and plan interventions appropriately. The inadequate knowledge and information lead to gap in the crucial role of teachers in identification and early assistance of an abused child. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of the school teachers on child abuse, to determine the attitude of school teachers on identification and reporting of child abuse and to find the association between the knowledge and attitude with the selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used to conduct the study. Study was conducted among 100 school teachers from selected urban English medium schools, in Udupi district. The instruments used for data collection were a structured knowledge questionnaire on child abuse and the attitude scale on identification and reporting of child abuse. Results: Majority of the school teachers (84%) had average knowledge on child abuse whereas, all the teachers had favourable attitude towards identification and reporting of child abuse. With regard to association between knowledge and selected demographic variables, there was no significant association found except for previous knowledge on child abuse (p < .05). Conclusion: Child abuse is a global issue and children face abuse in many forms and more awareness will help in combating the issues and problems with abuse. The knowledge of the school teachers needs to be enhanced by conducting awareness program on child abuse.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a newly-synthesised 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative on the antioxidant status and performance of turkey hens. The experiment was conducted on sixweek old Big-6 turkey hens, divided equally into four groups (60 birds/group). The treatments were: T0 – control (no triazyne supplement) and T15, T30, T45: 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne supplementation at 15, 30 and 45 µg/kg BW/day, respectively. The additive was administered over a period of eight weeks. A two-week break with no triazyne supplementation was given in the middle of that period. The performance indices were body weight, feed conversion ratio and the Index of Rearing Effectiveness (WEO). The antioxidant parameters were superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in erythrocytes and copper, iron and zinc concentrations in plasma. None of these measurements were affected by any of the supplementation treatments. However, after four weeks the supplementation of the 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazyne derivative caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the erythrocytes of the hens, and after 10 weeks, only at the highest dose of supplementation. After four weeks of supplementation, the group that received the highest dose of the additive showed an increase in total antioxidant potential (FRAP) in the plasma as well as in its components, i.e. uric acid and vitamin C. After 10 weeks of supplementation a decrease was recorded in the FRAP value, as well as in uric acid, ascorbic acid and Cu concentrations in plasma. The observed growth of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants may indicate a mobilization of the antioxidant defence system. However, at the end of experiment, the significant decrease in the plasma concentration of the nonenzymatic antioxidants suggests that the body reserves were depleted.


We discuss how to use coincidence detection to generate unusual, nonsinusoidal interference curves by using not a single detector, but several in coincidence. The method works for both strong (classical) and weak (on the few-photon level) light, although in the latter case the detection becomes probabilistic with low efficiency. Using the method, one can tailor the coincidence measurement setup to obtain essentially any interference pattern. We then use the method to experimentally demonstrate phase-difference state interference patterns in the few-photon regime that are highly nonsinusoidal. We also discuss optimal implementation of the method with regard to fluctuations and success probability, and we analyze the origin and magnitude of errors.


Abstract. GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System and is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. The advantage of having access to multiple satellites is accuracy, redundancy, and availability at all the times. Though satellite systems do not often fail, if one fails GNSS receivers can pick up signals from other systems. If the line of sight is obstructed, having access to multiple satellites is also a benefit. GPS (Global Positioning System, USA), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System, Russia), BeiDou (Compass, China), and some regional systems are positioning systems that are usually used. In recent years with the development of the UAVs and GNSS receivers, it is possible to manage an accurate PPK (Post Processing Kinematic) networks with a GNSS receiver mounted on a UAV to achieve the position of images principal points WGS1984 and to reduce the need for GCPs. But the most important challenge in a PPK task is, which a combination of different GNSS constellations would result in the most accurate computed position in checkpoints. For this purpose, this study focused on a PPK equipped UAV to map an open pit (Golgohar mine near Sirjan city). For the purpose, different combination of GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou used for position computed. Results are plotted and compared and found out having access to multiple constellations while doing a PPK task would bring higher accuracies in building photogrammetric models although it may cause some random error due to the higher values of noise while the number of the satellites increases.


This thesis uses one of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) products, NeuroSky headset, to design a prototype model to control window blind by using headset's single channel electrode. Seven volunteers performed eight different exercises while the signal from the headset was recorded. The dataset was analyzed, and exercises with strongest power spectral density (PSD) were chosen to continue to work with. Matlabs spectrogram function was used to divide the signal in time segments, which were 0.25 seconds. One segment from each of these eight exercises was taken to form different combinations which were later classified. The classification result, while using two of proposed exercises (tasks) was successful with 97.0% accuracy computed by Nearest Neighbor classifier. Still, we continued to investigate if we could use three or four thoughts to create three or four commands. The result presented lower classification accuracy when using either 3 or 4 command thoughts with performance accuracy of 92% and 76% respectively. Thus, two or three exercises can be used for constructing two or three different commands.


Aim/Purpose To understand the process of social change creation in social entrepreneurial ventures (SEVs), specifically emphasizing the role and nature of the communicative process in social change creation. Background Drawing on data from seven SEVs from India and the US and employing a grounded theory methodology, this research scrutinizes the social change process and uncovers the role and characteristics of dialogue in this process. Methodology Qualitative data was collected from seven social entrepreneurial organizations over a period of eight months from July 2011 to February 2012. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a wide range of members within these social entrepreneurial organizations (n=27) with additional informal interviews with field workers and volunteers. Data from the semi-structured interviews and notes from observations were integrated with analyses of archival resources. Contribution There is little scholarship about the process of social change creation and the necessary conditions to promote social change over time. Understanding the process of social change creation and the individual, interpersonal, and organizational conditions that facilitate the process is central to design of effective trans-sector TD problem solving ventures. This paper focuses on the process of social change creation in social entrepreneurial settings, specifically emphasizing the role and nature of the communicative process in social change creation. Findings The reflections and experiences of the members of SEVs revealed that social entrepreneurship is a collective endeavor and this collective character is essential to its success. Collective organization and synergy, deep intraDialogue and the Creation of Transformative Social Change 108 organizational communication, and a conducive organizational context are critical for the creation of collective wisdom and knowledge networks for longterm collaborative community capacity building. Dialogue emerged as a central category linking the other categories to explain the process of social change creation. Organic organizational structure enables knowledge creation and integration through the process of organizational learning through deep and continuous social interaction, or dialogue. Recommendations for Practitioners This research elucidated the key characteristics of the organizational context required to support the creation of social change. It also identified the critical role and characteristics of the communicative process required to generate structural knowledge and collective wisdom at the organizational level. Recommendations for Researchers and Society For individual and organizational learning, trans-sector transdisciplinary organizations require an appropriate organizational context. Key elements of such an organizational context include (1) understanding the ecology of the social problem; (2) organic organizational structure; (3) continuous and deep social interaction among all levels of the organization; (4) employee and community autonomy and empowerment; and (5) attention to subtle environmental changes in the system. These elements in combination lead to the creation of collective wisdom. Collective wisdom then feeds back into the conception, planning, and action stages of the iterative cycle of organizational knowledge creation to create positive social change. Future Research Future research model theoretically and study empirically the ecology of social entrepreneurship and trans-sector TD problem solving more broadly. For example, the ways in the personal attributes of social entrepreneurs (e.g., their leadership style, networking abilities) combine with circumstances at organizational, institutional, and international levels to influence the effectiveness of their efforts to promote positive social change within local and global communities. Second, the grounded theoretical framework developed here should be further refined and elaborated through the identification of additional key contextual factors that affect SEVs' capacity to promote positive social change and to achieve sustainability in different socioenvironmental contexts. There is also a need to translate the findings from this research to facilitate the creation of more inclusive problem solving contexts and practices.


The devastation caused by nuclear warfare in 1945 provoked an urgency to study the effects of irradiation on the human body. High doses or lethal irradiation causes bone marrow failure and without a functioning bone marrow, long-term survival is not possible. Experimentation on bone marrow transplantation was initially done on animals and slowly progressed to humans. The first attempts were unsuccessful and many believed that attempts to transplant bone marrow in human beings were not justified.
However, the pressing need for a viable treatment option for a variety of haematological disorders continued. As successful reports of transplants from HLA-identical siblings in children emerged, researchers were encouraged to continue their efforts. The gradual increase in knowledge, new technologies and improved results, has resulted in a rapid increase in bone marrow transplantation worldwide, suggesting that a curative option has become a reality.
Blood or marrow stem cell transplantation involves the transfer of stem cells to establish haematopoiesis (blood formation). Unlike the transfusion of blood products whose benefits are temporary, stem cells are intended to survive long-term. Haematopoietic stem cells can be obtained from the bone marrow, peripheral blood or from umbilical cord blood. The donor may be the patient (autograft), a matched sibling (allograft) or a matched, unrelated donor.


Capparia zeylanica is native to Sri Lanka and it was reported to possess antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunostimulant activity. Present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of sequentially extracted different solvent extracts of fruits of Capparis zeylanica against plant pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. by the standard agar well diffusion method. Synthetic fungicide Dithane M-45(mancozeb) and solvents used for extraction as standard and controls respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of crude extracts was also carried out for the presence of biomolecules using standard procedures. Results indicated that the C.zeylanica fruit extracts exhibited antifugal activity against all tested fungi at least in one solvent. Three solvent extracts of C.zeylanica fruit showed antifungal activity against all fungi. But the hexane fruit extract failed to inhibit the growth of Penicillium spp. only. Effect of ethylacetate fruit extract against, Aspergillus spp.(25,16 mm), Penicillium spp.(20,16 mm) was significant than compared to the effect of hexane , ethylacetate extracts as well as mancozeb after 48 and 72 hours of incubation period. Growth of Trichoderma spp.(16,13 mm) and Alternaria spp.(16,14 mm) was significantly inhibited by methanol fruit extract than compared to other fruit extracts. This effect was also significant when compared to the standard mancozeb after 48 and 72 hours of incubation periods. But the Fusarium spp.(16,15 mm) was significantly inhibited by the hexane fruit extract, though the standard exhibited the highest inhibition against Fusarium spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different types of phytochemicals in sequentially extracted hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts. Tannins, saponins, phlobatanins and steroids were present in all three solvents extracts. But flavanoids were present only in hexane extract. Trepenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were absent in all three extracts. This study put a flat form for further developmental studies on isolation and characterization of bio active compounds which exhibit antifungal activity.


The current study evaluated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adolescent depression delivered in health clinics and counseling centers in four high schools. Outcomes were benchmarked to results from prior efficacy trials. Fifty adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders were treated by eight doctoral-level psychologists who followed a manual-guided, 12-session, individual CBT protocol. Referred adolescents presented with high rates of comorbidity, traumatic experiences, and prior suicide attempts. Posttreatment response to school-based CBT (64%) was comparable to results obtained in efficacy trials. On average, symptom reduction in this school-based study was similar to prior efficacy trials, exceeded results from an efficacy trial using the original manual, and exceeded results from a prior school-based CBT trial. Examination of predictors of symptom change and treatment response showed that life stress, trauma history, and depressive symptom severity were negatively associated with outcomes. Results suggest that school-based CBT is a relatively robust treatment for adolescent depression across gender, age, and ethnic groups as well as for adolescents with varied patterns of comorbidity.


The glucose transport protein, GLUT1, is highly expressed in rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells, while decreased GLUT1 levels are found in diseases such as GLUT1 deficiency syndrome and Alzheimer's. There is increased interest in developing GLUT1 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics, and the discovery of compounds that directly stimulate GLUT1 function. This work investigates how small molecules stimulate and/or inhibit GLUT1-mediated glucose transport, either directly or through the AMPK pathway. Using sugar transport assays and docking analyses to explore Ligand–GLUT1 interactions and specificity of binding, we show that: 1) Ligands inhibit GLUT1 by competing with glucose for binding to the exofacial or endofacial sugar binding sites; 2) Subsaturating inhibitor concentrations stimulate sugar uptake; 3) Ligands inhibit GLUT1–, GLUT3– and GLUT4–mediated sugar uptake in HEK293 cells; and 4) Inclusion of a benzonitrile head group on endofacial GLUT1 inhibitors confers greater inhibitory potency. Furthermore, we investigated AMPK-regulated GLUT1 trafficking in cultured blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, and show that inhibition of GLUT1 internalization is not responsible for increased cell surface levels of GLUT1 observed with AMPK activation in these cells. This study provides a framework for screening candidate GLUT1 inhibitors for specificity, and for optimizing drug design and delivery. Our data on transport stimulation at low inhibitor concentrations support the idea that GLUT1 functions as a cooperative oligomer of allosteric alternating access subunits.


Effects of aspect ratio, sweep angle, and stacking sequence of laminated composites
were studied to find the optimized configuration of an aeroelastically tailored
composite wing idealized as a flat plate in terms of flutter speed. The aeroelastic
analysis has been carried out in frequency-domain. The modal approach in
conjunction with Doublet-lattice Method (DLM) has been opted for structural and
unsteady aerodynamic analysis, respectively. The interpolation between
aerodynamic boxes and structural nodes has been done using surface spline. To
study the effect of stacking sequence the classical lamination theory (CLT) has been
chosen. The parametric studies showed the effective ply orientation angle to be
somewhere between 15 and 30 degree, while the plates with lower aspect ratio seems
to have higher flutter speed. Forward-swept configurations show higher flutter speed,
yet imposed by divergence constraint.


The Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria Quimica has a long tradition in the deployment of social competencies in engineering curricula through Integrated Projects (IP) carried out in structured teams. Social competencies are taught and practiced during the development of the IPs. We conceptually introduce a methodology for a 360o assessment of the students' social competencies, as a tool to foster the improvement of their competency levels. In this article we analyze the results of the pilot test where the aforementioned methodology has been implemented in the Bachelor studies of Chemical Engineering. The results indicate that it is possible to objectively obtain the student's competency level discriminating among different social competencies, as well as among different students in the same team. The application of this tool fosters the development of specific educative actions to help the students with low competency profile, to reach acceptable levels for a successful insertion in the labor market


This study proposes a novel hybrid machine learning approach for modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The proposed approach is a combination of an instance-based learning algorithm (k-NN) and Rotation Forest (RF), state of the art machine techniques that have seldom explored for landslide modeling. The Lang Son city area (Vietnam) is selected as a case study. For this purpose, a spatial database for the study area was constructed, and then was used to build and evaluate the hybrid model. Performance of the model was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC), success rate and prediction rate, and several statistical evaluation metrics. The results showed that the model has high performance with both the training data (AUC = 0.948) and the validation data (AUC = 0.848). The results were compared with those obtained from soft computing techniques, i.e. Random Forest, J48 Decision Trees, and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks. Overall, the performance of the proposed model is better than those obtained from the above methods. Therefore, the proposed model is a promising tool for landslide modeling. The research result can be highly useful for land use planning and management in landslide prone areas.


Training machine learning models on massive datasets incurs substantial computational costs. To alleviate such costs, there has been a sustained effort to develop data-efficient training methods that can carefully select subsets of the training examples that generalize on par with the full training data. However, existing methods are limited in providing theoretical guarantees for the quality of the models trained on the extracted subsets, and may perform poorly in practice. We propose AdaCore, a method that leverages the geometry of the data to extract subsets of the training examples for efficient machine learning. The key idea behind our method is to dynamically approximate the curvature of the loss function via an exponentially-averaged estimate of the Hessian to select weighted subsets (coresets) that provide a close approximation of the full gradient preconditioned with the Hessian. We prove rigorous guarantees for the convergence of various first and second-order methods applied to the subsets chosen by AdaCore. Our extensive experiments show that AdaCore extracts coresets with higher quality compared to baselines and speeds up training of convex and non-convex machine learning models, such as logistic regression and neural networks, by over 2.9x over the full data and 4.5x over random subsets.


Medical modernisation in Iran has usually been seen as politically implemented. However, this article endeavours to show that the history of medical change in Iran was a process which encompassed social, political and medical systems. Epidemics played the central role in this change by awakening social consciousness and by bringing into question the intelligibility of the ancient theories, forcing the indigenous doctors to formulate new explanations for epidemics. This led to an epistemological change in traditional medicine, which together with change in relation between medicine, politics and society under the influence of epidemics, constituted the very core of the modernisation process.


This paper is related to the third author's previous result on the exis- tence of volume polynomials for a given polyhedron having only triangular faces. We simplify his original proof in the case when the polyhedron is homeomorphic to the 2-sphere. Our approach exploits the fact that any such polyhedron contains a so-called clean vertex - that is, a vertex not incident with any nonfacial cycle com- posed of 3 edges. This fact appears as one of the main results of the article. Also, we characterize triangulations reducible to a tetrahedron by repeatedly removing 3-valent vertices, and estimate the degree of volume polynomials. We address the torus case too. MSC 2000: 52B05 (primary); 51M25, 57M15, 57Q15 (secondary)


Background:
 Current guidelines for care of the acute stroke patient demonstrate that the benefits of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are time dependent and recommend it be given within 60 minutes from arrival to the Emergency Department (ED).

 Hypothesis:
 Door to tPA times would be reduced by using a multidisciplinary approach to acute stroke patients and by transporting them directly to the CT scanner.

 Methods:
 The community hospital restructured its Brain Attack process after creating a Door to Needle team to evaluate and expedite the care of the acute stroke patient. This multidisciplinary team was assembled in order to plan, implement, and study the new Brain Attack alert process. The team is activated via a touchscreen in the ED, many times prior to patient arrival. Stable patients who do not require airway intervention are taken directly to a newly renovated CT scan anteroom for initial assessment, point of care anticoagulation testing, and initial NIH stroke scale. In addition, education concerning the new process, as well as acute stroke care in general was presented to 35 local EMS services by emergency physicians and an EMS outreach coordinator.

 Results:
 In July of 2012, 54 Brain Attacks were evaluated with a median door to CT time of 41 minutes and door to CT interpretation time of 51 minutes. The new Brain Attack process was implemented on December 3, 2012. During the first month of the new process, 51 Brain Attacks were evaluated with median door to CT time of 28 minutes and door to CT interpretation time of 38 minutes. This represents a decrease in time to CT acquisition and interpretation of 13 minutes. tPA was given to 4 patients in July 2012 with only one patient (25%) receiving the medication in <60 minutes. In December, 4 patients received tPA, 3 (75%) within the 60 minute window.

 Conclusions:
 Patients who received tPA were treated more expeditiously after implementation of the restructured activation process. 75% of tPA patients were treated within the 60 minute timeframe as recommended by current guidelines. EMS also provided extremely positive feedback concerning the education and restructured Brain Attack activation.


The field of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) is concerned with the design, production, and use of highly complex integrated circuits. The research collected here comes from many disciplines, including computer architecture, computer-aided design, parallel algorithms, semiconductor technology, and testing. It extends to novel uses of the technology and concepts originally developed for integrated circuits, including integrated sensor arrays, digital photography, highly parallel computers, microactuators, neural networks, and a variety of special-purpose architectures and networks of special-purpose devices.Jonathan Allen is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Director of the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. F. Thomson Leighton is Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics and a member of the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT.


Active ultrasonic testing is widely used for medical diagnosis, material characterization and structural health monitoring. Ultrasonic transducer is a key component in active ultrasonic testing. Due to their many advantages such as small size, light weight, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, fiber-optic ultrasonic transducers are particularly attractive for permanent, embedded applications in active ultrasonic testing for structural health monitoring. However, current fiber-optic transducers only allow effective ultrasound generation at a single location of the fiber end. Here we demonstrate a fiber-optic device that can effectively generate ultrasound at multiple, selected locations along a fiber in a controllable manner based on a smart light tapping scheme that only taps out the light of a particular wavelength for laser-ultrasound generation and allow light of longer wavelengths pass by without loss. Such a scheme may also find applications in remote fiber-optic device tuning and quasi-distributed biochemical fiber-optic sensing.


The article explores training programs in higher education with regard to data journalism from a multi-national perspective. By carrying out a comparative analysis in six European countries (Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom), it covers different models of media systems and journalistic cultures envisaged by Hallin and Mancini. Based on a desk review and in-depth interviews with instructors of data journalism in each country, the article identifies different approaches to the way data journalism is taught. In Europe, such programs are offered by four types of organizations: academic, vocational, professional, and civic. The role played by those organizations can be explained as a result of the peculiarities of national media systems. But there are also commonalities, for example, non-academic institutions (such as the European Journalism Center or the Center for Investigative Journalism) and major international news outlets (such as The Guardian and The New York Times) seem to take over a leading role in all of the analyzed countries. Generally speaking, data journalism education appears to be a very young discipline that frequently neglects fundamental journalistic topics such as ethical issues, transparency, accountability, and responsiveness although they are crucial in a journalistic field as sophisticated tools to reveal hidden aspects of reality.


The plant's innate immune system detects potential biotic threats through recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRR). A central regulator of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is the BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), which undergoes complex formation with PRR upon ligand binding. Although viral patterns inducing PTI are well known from animal systems, nothing similar has been reported for plants. Rather, antiviral defense in plants is thought to be mediated by post-transcriptional gene silencing of viral RNA or through effector-triggered immunity, i.e., recognition of virus-specific effectors by resistance proteins. Nevertheless, infection by compatible viruses can also lead to the induction of defense gene expression, indicating that plants may also recognize viruses through PTI. Here, we show that PTI, or at least the presence of the regulator BAK1, is important for antiviral defense of Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis bak1 mutants show increased susceptibility to three different RNA viruses during compatible interactions. Furthermore, crude viral extracts but not purified virions induce several PTI marker responses in a BAK1-dependent manner. Overall, we conclude that BAK1-dependent PTI contributes to antiviral resistance in plants.


The legal protection of the underwater cultural heritage is a field in which there is growing international interest. Shipwrecks and other underwater cultural remains in every maritime zone are threatened both by activities 'directed at' them, such as treasure hunting, and by activities 'incidentally affecting' them, such as mineral exploration and exploitation, pipeline and cable-laying, dredging, and fishing. Since the first edition of this collection (published in 1999), the urgent need for an international legal framework to regulate these activities has been formally recognised by the adoption in 2001 of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. While the prospects for this Convention remain uncertain, it will undoubtedly have a profound influence on national laws and practice in this field. This second collection of essays examines the present state of law, policy and practice in sixteen different jurisdictions around the world in light of the 2001 Convention. Among other things, the viewpoint of each jurisdiction in respect of the Convention is considered and the impact that the Convention is already having, and is likely to have in the future, is explored. Eight of the essays are entirely new, and several new jurisdictions are covered (Finland, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Norway). The other essays have been thoroughly updated and revised to take account of the Convention. The contributors come from a variety of backgrounds, but all have specialist knowledge and experience of their particular jurisdiction and a keen interest in the field.


Under the remit of an expanded definition of sustainability – one that acknowledges animal agriculture as a key carbon intensive industry, and one that includes interspecies ethics as an integral part of social justice – institutions such as Universities can and should play a role in supporting a wider agenda for sustainable food practices on campus. By drawing out clear connections between sustainability objectives on campus and the shift away from animal based products, the objective of this article is to advocate for a more consistent understanding and implementation of sustainability measures as championed by university campuses at large. We will draw out clear connections between sustainability objectives on campus and the shift away from animal based products. Overall, our arguments are contextualised within broader debates on the relationship between sustainability, social justice and interspecies ethics. We envisage that such discussion will contribute to an enriched, more robust sense of sustainability—one in which food justice refers not only to justice for human consumers and producers of food and the land used by them, but also to justice for the nonhuman animals considered as potential sources of food themselves.


Our paper introduces a new initiative on a common computer program used as a cognitive tool that facilitates learning with as opposed to learning through technology. The tool, which comprises a modification of a so-called boilerplate, is part of a joint learning system (Kim and Reeves, 2007) in which the tool, learner and activity are equal participators in the learning process. Our focus is on teachers with limited technical expertise. The boilerplate is used as a learning tool specifically aimed at supporting graduate and post-graduate essay writing classes. Teachers have limited time to learn new computer programs and may avoid these because of limited technology skills and inexperience in this area. The cognitive tool assists students with structuring, formatting and grammar. In our presentation, we clarify the special features of the tool, and reflect on the philosophy behind it as well as on its potential for teachers in higher education.


High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle.
The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify
stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the northern circumpolar permafrost region
(18.7×106 km2 5 ). The NCSCD is a digital Geographical Information systems (GIS)
database compiled from harmonized regional soil classification maps, in which data
on soil coverage has been linked to pedon data from the northern permafrost regions.
Previously, the NCSCD has been used to calculate SOC content (SOCC) and mass
(SOCM) to the reference depths 0–30 cm and 0–100 cm (based on 1778 pedons). It
10 has been shown that soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region also contain
significant quantities of SOC in the 100–300 cm depth range, but there has been
no circumpolar compilation of pedon data to quantify this SOC pool and there are
no spatially distributed estimates of SOC storage below 100 cm depth in this region.
Here we describe the synthesis of an updated pedon dataset for SOCC in deep soils
15 of the northern circumpolar permafrost regions, with separate datasets for the 100–
200 cm (524 pedons) and 200–300 cm (356 pedons) depth ranges. These pedons have
been grouped into the American and Eurasian sectors and the mean SOCC for different
soil taxa (subdivided into Histels, Turbels, Orthels, Histosols, and permafrost-free
mineral soil taxa) has been added to the updated NCSCDv2. The updated version of
20 the database is freely available online in several different file formats and spatial resolutions
that enable spatially explicit usage in e.g. GIS and/or terrestrial ecosystem
models. The potential applications and limitations of the NCSCDv2 in spatial analyses
are briefly discussed. An open access data-portal for all the described GIS-datasets
is available online at: http://dev1.geo.su.se/bbcc/dev/v3/ncscd/download.php. The NC25
SCDv2 database has the doi:10.5879/ECDS/00000002.


ANY discussion of contemporary American elder law must consider gender issues. A number of gender concerns are readily discernible, including workplace and family issues. Significantly, sex-based disparities are increasing within the elderly population. In turn, these disparities exacerbate problems of fairness and equity in meeting intergenerational family needs and expectations.As with childrearing, in contemporary American society, the major caregiving responsibility for the growing number of frail elderly falls largely on women rather than men. With an increasing number of women working outside the family home, the intersection of work and family issues is receiving considerable attention both in academic circles and in the popular media. Recently, for example, twenty-nine colleges and universities were identified as having workplace policies sensitive to employee family care responsibilities. Regrettably, such workplaces are the exceptions in American society. This article examines these significant elder law issues from a feminist perspective, particularly the feminist jurisprudence of care. Feminism has much to teach traditional American law and jurisprudence, including elder law. Feminist jurisprudential approaches have provided valuable critiques of traditional legal topics, including tort law, family law, corporate law, tax law, commercial law, labor law, and international law. This article applies similar feminist sensibilities and methodologies to elder law concerns.In general, American elder law is traditional in approach. Traditional or classical American jurisprudence, like elder law, promotes autonomy, personal responsibility, rationality, and individualism. On the other hand, feminism, especially the feminist "ethic of care" associated with the work of Carol Gilligan, rejects these traditional concepts in favor of solidarity, empathy, and community responsibility. This article argues that the feminist ethic of care should displace the traditional American approach to elder law.


GENDER AND NETWORKING: BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM HIGH STATUS TIES IN THE WORKPLACE While organizations have significantly reduced the overt and intentional forms of sex discrimination that impeded women's careers in the past, a great deal of research suggests women continue to face informal barriers in the workplace. One such arena in which women tend to be disadvantaged is in their workplace networks. In many ways, men and women have similar networks, yet women are less likely than their male counterparts to have personal relationships with high status coworkers. Scholars have long suggested that these strategic connections are valuable and may be especially beneficial to or necessary for women. Networking has long been touted as one way women can overcome workplace disadvantage by strategically developing and/or capitalizing on such networks, which can enable their success and satisfaction at work. However, networking is a considerable investment. Indeed, networking has been called women's third shift, after work and family responsibilities. As such, it is vital that we understand how women and men can best capitalize on their investments in networking. This research seeks to add to our scholarly understanding by examining the extent to which men and women can translate their networking behaviors into high status connections and capitalize on those connections to enhance their performance and job satisfaction. Results suggest networking behaviors enable men and women to have friends with higher informal status. However, while men's networking behaviors are related to having higher ranking (formal status) friends, women's networking behaviors are related to having lower ranking friends. Post-hoc analyses begin to explore the possibility that these gender differences are due to choices made by or others' reactions to male and female networkers. Results also distinguish between employees' gender and legitimacy to shed light on how and why men and women can develop and capitalize on high status connections, providing practical implications for employees and organizations seeking to intervene to enable women and men to develop high status connections. This research uses multimethod data to illuminate ways in which both women and men can translate their networking behaviors into high status connections, workplace performance, and job satisfaction.