Abstract. An algorithm for image matching of multi-sensor and multi-temporal satellite images is developed. The method is based on the SIFT feature detector proposed by Lowe in (Lowe, 1999). First, SIFT feature points are detected independently in two images (reference and sensed image). The features detected are invariant to image rotations, translations, scaling and also to changes in illumination, brightness and 3-dimensional viewpoint. Afterwards, each feature of the reference image is matched with one in the sensed image if, and only if, the distance between them multiplied by a threshold is shorter than the distances between the point and all the other points in the sensed image. Then, the matched features are used to compute the parameters of the homography that transforms the coordinate system of the sensed image to the coordinate system of the reference image. The Delaunay triangulations of each feature set for each image are computed. The isomorphism of the Delaunay triangulations is determined to guarantee the quality of the image matching. The algorithm is implemented in Matlab and tested on World-View 2, SPOT6 and TerraSAR-X image patches.


Granite from the transition zone of the Huang Yang Dam in the Qilian orogenic belt, NW China, is studied using a high-temperature furnace at atmospheric condition. Twenty-two runs are made to locate the liquidus temperature, the solidus temperature, and the melting interval of the granite of Huang Yang Dam, Gansu Province. The experimental temperatures range from 1010°C to 1297°C. The duration time is between thirty hours to sixteen days and two hours. Compositions of glass and phenocrysts are analyzed with an electron microprobe. The experimental results show that the liquidus temperature of the granitic melt is measured at 1296°C and the solidus temperature is lower than 1010°C. The melting interval is higher than 286°C. The liquidus mineral is zircon. The following phases are silica phase (1278°C), hematite (1269°C), titanomagnetite (1257°C), and plagioclase (1186°C ). Sphene and apatite are estimated to appear at approximately 1092°C. Finally, the Kfeldspar appears at 1057°C. As temperature decreases, the residual melts become depleted in iron, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium; but enriched in silicon and potassium. The differentiated melts of the granitic melt became plagioclase-depleted and quartz-enriched through fractional crystallization.


The Official Forms appended to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are a seeming anachronism, more appropriate for a much simpler time that hardly characterizes modern day federal civil litigation. Perhaps the form for a negligence complaint is the most striking in this regard, offering only that at a certain time and place "the defendant negligently drove a motor vehicle against the plaintiff," causing harm. Not only does such a complaint fail to typify the negligence claims one might find on any federal docket, but it neither seems to reflect the much greater complexity that characterizes modern litigation and life in general.What then could be the continuing point of having the forms at all? Indeed, that is the question the Advisory Committee on Civil Rules ("Advisory Committee") has asked and answered quite recently: It has concluded that the Official Forms no longer serve any useful purpose and may therefore be discarded into the waste bin of history. Seemingly without much further thought, the Standing Committee promptly concurred, putting the forms on an all-but-certain course toward oblivion. Might it be true that the forms have outlived their usefulness? And if no longer of any use, were the forms ever of any real utility? On the occasion of the pending abrogation of the Official Forms, this article takes the opportunity to review the history and use of the forms, finding that they had more value than the current rulemakers cared to acknowledge: The principal function of the forms was to reify the liberal vision of the Federal Rules and to guard against deviations therefrom. Unfortunately, as that liberal vision has given way to a more restrictive view in what Stephen Subrin refers to as the "fourth era" of civil procedure, the unyielding simplicity and permissiveness of the forms have become too much for the otherwise changing system to bear. Below, then, is a eulogy of the forms.


This paper examines the effects of the expansion of the water network in urban shantytowns in Argentina. We find large reductions in the presence, frequency, and severity of diarrhea episodes among children in the households reached by network expansions relative to the control group. Moreover, expanded water connections induce savings, as these families are able to substitute piped water for more expensive and distant sources of water. These health and savings effects are also important for households that previously had clandestine self-connections to the water network, which were free but of low quality.


We experimentally demonstrate a communication protocol that enables frequency conversion and routing of quantum information in an adiabatic and thus robust way. The protocol is based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in systems with multiple excited levels: transfer and/or distribution of optical states between different signal modes is implemented by adiabatically changing the control fields. The proof-of-principle experiment is performed using the hyperfine levels of the rubidium D1 line.


Based on unprecedented access to the Order's internal documents, this book provides the first systematic social history of the Orange Order - the Protestant association dedicated to maintaining the British connection in Northern Ireland.

Kaufmann charts the Order's path from the peak of its influence, in the early 1960s, to its present-day crisis. Along the way, he sketches a portrait of many of Orangeism's leading figures, from ex-Prime Minister John Andrews to Ulster Unionist Party politicians like Martin Smyth, James Molyneaux, and David McNarry, and also includes the highly revealing correspondence with adversaries such as Ian Paisley and David Trimble.

Packed with analyses of mass-membership trends and attitudes, the book also takes care to tell the story of the Order from 'below' as well as from above. In the process, it argues that the traditional Unionism of West Ulster is giving way to the more militant Unionism of Antrim and Belfast which is winning the hearts of the younger generation in cities and towns throughout the province.


Abstract Phase transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) into vaterite and its subsequent stability was investigated at a constant pH (~8.2), ionic strength, and temperature that simulated the biological environment. Solutions containing the same concentrations of CaCl2, Na2CO3, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and various concentrations of PO4 (0-62.5 μM) were prepared, and precipitates in the solutions were sampled at a constant interval to observe the morphology and type of calcium carbonate polymorphs that appeared. The change in the Ca-ion concentration over time, which served as a guide for phase transformation of ACC into crystalline phases, was measured in relation to the PO4 concentration. The starting time of phase transformation was at the minimum point when the concentration was ~2-3 μM. Vaterite spherulites consisting of needle-like crystals (0.5-2 μm in length) formed only in this PO4 range and survived the experimental procedure (~2.5 h). In contrast, the starting time of phase transformation increased exponentially with the PO4 concentration when it was higher than 5 μM. The vaterite spherulites and calcite crystals co-precipitated, and both polymorphs grew over time. The PO4 was shown to be an accelerator for phase transformation from ACC into vaterite at low concentrations (Ca/PO4 molar ratio <3000) and an inhibitor for transformation at high concentrations. We investigated the kinetics of vaterite formation in the presence of PO4 and derived an advanced concept for cluster-based phase transformation. This investigation showed that the appearance and stability of calcium carbonate polymorphs is easily controlled by adjusting the PO4 concentration.


This qualitative case study examined the emerging instructional leadership practice, and related learning, of five central office leaders in a midsize urban school district. These leaders were actively engaged with each other and with external consultants as they developed their capacity to lead system-wide instructional reform. Learning for these leaders was not an individual activity, rather, it occurred in the midst of social interactions with fellow district-level leaders, school-based staff, and external consultants. For these leaders, learning and leading took place concurrently; in essence they were "learning-while-leading." Using an analytic frame informed by both cognitive and situated perspectives of learning, this study illustrated how leaders' thinking and practice changed over time, in the midst of a district-wide instructional reform initiative. In addition, the study explored questions about how leaders managed issues related to leading ambitious instructional reform models that they themselves "did not yet know."


Excessive blood vessel growth is a key feature of many retinal diseases, and recently, anti-VEGF therapy has been successfully applied to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. In this issue of the JCI, Kurihara et al. reveal an essential role of Vegfa in maintaining choroid vasculature and cone photoreceptors, critical for central and color vision. Their findings suggest that therapeutic approaches to blocking VEGF signaling in retinal diseases might have unexpected detrimental side effects and that the development of alternative strategies might be necessary.


While the universal approximation property holds both for hierarchical and shallow networks, we prove that deep (hierarchical) networks can approximate the class of compositional functions with the same accuracy as shallow networks but with exponentially lower number of training parameters as well as VC-dimension. This theorem settles an old conjecture by Bengio on the role of depth in networks. We then define a general class of scalable, shift-invariant algorithms to show a simple and natural set of requirements that justify deep convolutional networks.


Abstract Researchers have suggested that a paucity of research exists on refugee youth in early child hood education settings. Arguing that children's stories provide educators a valuable resource for understanding the meaning children make of initial cross - cultural experiences, this article presents a narrative inquiry into the stories and artwork of three early childhood students, along with the narratives of their families, all Karen refugees from Myanmar. Examining what these stories reveal about the children's initial experiences in an American early childhood setting, we share their stories of adaptation, their experiences of cultural dissonance, and their illustrations of change over time. In addition to developing these themes, we also promote the use of multi - modal storytelling and the collection of family stories in narrative inquiries into young children's experience. As educators strive to provide high quality educational experiences for all children, listening to children's stories of their adaptation experience and the narratives of their families may help us to foster smooth transitions into American early childhood classrooms for young refugee students. Researchers have suggested that a paucity of research exists on refugee youth in early childhood education settings. Arguing that children's stories provide educators a valuable resource for understanding the meaning children make of initial cross-cultural experiences, this article presents a narrative inquiry into the stories and artwork of three early childhood students, along with the narratives of their families, all Karen refugees from Myanmar. Examining what these stories reveal about the children's initial experiences in an American early childhood setting, we share their stories of adaptation, their experiences of cultural dissonance, and their illustrations of change over time. In addition to developing these themes, we also promote the use of multi-modal storytelling and the collection of family stories in narrative inquiries into young children's experience. As educators strive to provide high-quality educational experiences for all children, listening to children's stories of their adaptation experience and the narratives of their families may help us to foster smooth transitions into American early childhood classrooms for young refugee students.


Complex contact manifolds arise naturally in differential geometry, algebraic geometry and exterior differential systems. Their classification would answer an important question about holonomy groups. The geometry of such manifold X is governed by the contact lines contained in X. These are related to the notion of a variety of minimal rational tangents. In this review we discuss the partial classification theorems of projective complex contact manifolds. Among such manifolds one finds contact Fano manifolds (which include adjoint varieties) and projectivised cotangent bundles. In the first case we also discuss a distinguished contact cone structure, arising as the variety of minimal rational tangents. We discuss the repercussion of the aforementioned classification theorems for the geometry of quaternionKähler manifolds with positive scalar curvature and for the geometry of second-order PDEs imposed on hypersurfaces.


We model and analyze the power consumption and resulting temperature rise in active-matrix organic-light-emitting device (AMOLED) displays as a function of the OLED efficiency, display resolution and display size. Power consumption is a critical issue for mobile display applications as it directly impacts battery requirements, and it is also very important for large area applications where it affects the display temperature rise, which directly impacts the panel lifetime. Phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs) are shown to offer significant advantage as compared to conventional fluorescent OLEDs due to high luminous efficiency resulting in lower pixel currents, reducing both the power consumed in the OLED devices and the series connected driving thin-film transistor (TFT). The power consumption and temperature rise of OLED displays are calculated as a function of the device efficiency, display size, display luminance and the type of backplane technology employed. The impact of using top-emission OLEDs is also discussed.


ABBOT is a hybrid (connectionist-hidden Markov model) large-vocabulary speech recognition (LVCSR) system, developed at Cambridge University. In this system, a recurrent network maps each acoustic vector to an estimate of the posterior probabilities of the phone classes, which are used as observation probabilities within an HMM. This paper describes the system which participated in the November 1995 ARPA Hub-3 multiple unknown microphones (MUM) evaluation of continuous speech recognition systems, under the guise of the CU-CON system. The emphasis of the paper is on the changes made to the 1994 ABBOT system, specifically to accommodate the H3 task. This includes improved acoustic modelling using limited word-internal context-dependent models, training on the Wall Street Journal secondary channel database, and using the linear input network for speaker and environmental adaptation. Experimental results are reported for various test and development sets from the November 1994 and 1995 ARPA benchmark tests.


Over the last three years the authors have been involved in three experiments that were or will be launched on sounding rockets and high altitude balloons with the REXUS/BEXUS program (Rocket-borne / Balloon-borne Experiments for University Students). The first experiment, called Suaineadh was launched from Esrange (Kiruna, Sweden) onboard REXUS 12 in March 2012. Suaineadh had the purpose of deploying a web in space by using centrifugal forces. The payload was lost during re-entry but was recovered 18 month later in early September 2013. StrathSat-R is the second experiment, which had the purpose of deploying two cube satellites with inflatable structures from the REXUS 13 sounding rocket, was launched first in May 2013 and will be launched a second time in spring 2014. The last experiment is the iSEDE experiment which has the goal of deploying an inflatable structure with disaggregated electronics from the high altitude balloon BEXUS15/16 in October 2013. All these experiments have been designed, built and flown in a timeframe of one and a half to two years. This paper will present the lessons learned in project management, outreach, experiment design, fabrication and manufacturing, software design and implementation, testing and validation as well as launch, flight and post-flight. Furthermore, the lessons learned during the recovery mission of Suaineadh will be discussed as well. All these experiments were designed, built and tested by a large group of university students of various disciplines and different nationalities. StrathSat-R and iSEDE were built completely at Strathclyde but the Suaineadh experiment was a joint project between Glasgow and Stockholm which was especially tricky during integration while approaching the experiment delivery deadline. This paper should help students and professionals across various disciplines to build and organise these kinds of projects more efficiently without making the same, sometimes expensive, mistakes all over again.


Terrestrial solar irradiation estimations are obtained mostly from the sunshine duration measurements through almost linear models such as the classical Angstrom formulation. The parameters of such model are estimated through the least squares technique in practical studies. In this article, more efficient model based on the fuzzy system concept is proposed for the architecture of solar irradiation estimation from the sunshine duration measurements. Especially, partial fuzzy modeling accounts for the possible local nonlinearities in the form of piece-wise linearizations. The parameters estimation of such a fuzzy model is achieved through the application of genetic algorithm technique. The fuzzy part of the model provides treatment of vague information about the sunshine duration data whereas the genetic part furnishes an objective and optimum estimation procedure. The application of geno-fuzzy model as proposed in this article is presented for three stations in Turkey and the results are constrasted by the previous classical approaches.


With the kind permission of the Director of the Leiden Museum and the able assistance of Mr. H. C. BLOTE, to whom I am much indebted for his services; some hundreds of specimens of undetermined Sumatran Carabidae have, during the past few months, been sent to me for indentification. Among these I have found examples of one new genus and ten new species, which are described in the succeeding pages. Some of these species were represented only in the Leiden Museum, but of others I found specimens in the collection of the F. M. S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur, while my own collection contained examples of four of them. Some of the type specimens are in the Leiden Museum, some in the British Museum, and some in my collection, as mentioned at the close of the respective descriptions.
Tachys blotei sp. n.
Length: 2.4 mm.
Brownish red, joints 2 to 5 of antennae and disk of elytra a little darker, apex of elytra paler, joints 6 to 11 of antennae yellowish white.
Head with deep single furrows, diverging behind, eyes moderately prominent, mentum with two pores, antennae filiform, joint 2 a little longer than 3. Prothorax cordate, a half wider than long, sides strongly rounded, sinuate close to base, which is barely as wide as apex, hind angles sharp, slightly acute, strongly reflexed, projecting a little laterally, without carina; median line fine, basal sulcus deep, punctate, interrupted, and with a large pore at middle. Elytra moderately convex, with square shoulders, two fifths longer than wide, border neither dentate nor perceptibly setulose, rounded at shoulder and reaching stria 4; striae 1 and


Residential relocation is the household decision that generates housing consumption changes. It is not merely a decision about changing locations; it is also a decision about tenure-about whether to own or to rent. Research into housing markets has been largely focused on the process of changing from renting to owning, as most countries in the Western world have moved from predominantly rental societies to societies of homeowners. Households and Housing is designed to demonstrate the interconnections between the housing stock and households. The focus is on understanding the demand for housing and the way in which the demand is fulfilled as households select housing. This book is concerned with both the decision to move one's residence and the resulting type of housing choice. The housing supply-the stock of dwellings-is the context within which households make choices and acquire housing. The authors use the concepts of life course, housing career, and housing hierarchy to trace the movement of households through the housing market. They paint a comprehensive picture of housing consumption by age, income, and tenure choice, illustrated with nearly 150 figures and tables. US housing market data are contrasted with data from the Netherlands to document the differential effects of government intervention. This is the most up-to-date analysis available on the dynamics of housing choices and housing markets.


Objective: To describe the characteristics of caregivers of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their concerns in the first months after community discharge of the TBI survivor. Design: Secondary analysis of data collected during a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community. Participants: A total of 153 consecutively enrolled caregivers of adults with moderate to severe TBI discharged to the community following acute and/or rehabilitation care at a Level I trauma center with 71 caregivers in the treatment group identifying concerns as part of the intervention procedures. Main Measures: Caregiver demographics, caregiver-survivor relationship characteristics, caregiver activity changes, and concerns targeted by caregivers for education and problem-solving via biweekly phone calls. Results: Thirty-nine percent of caregivers were spouses and 35% parents. Sixty-five percent lived in the same house as the survivor preinjury with 86% in touch daily to several times per week. Concerns targeted by more than one-third of caregivers related to managing their emotional adjustment, strategies for getting things done, managing survivor emotions and behaviors, and engaging in healthful habits. Conclusions: Caregivers of TBI survivors targeted personal concerns relating to their own emotional adjustment and participation as well as concerns relating to symptoms and recovery of the TBI survivor to address through education and problem-solving.


Nursing is multidimensional, interactive, interdiciplinary, and complex. Almost anything that can be said about nursing can be said another way. Some things worth being said and heard will not follow the norms of journal presentation. A forum accommodates the emerging voice, the new format, the innovative approach. Nursing Forum, in an effort to honor the independent voice in nursing, presents here the voice who elects to enter the dialogue, but who does so "in another way."


A new progressive failure analysis capability for stiffened composite panels has been developed based on the combination of the HyperSizer stiffened panel design/analysis/optimization software with the Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC). MAC/GMC discretizes a composite material's microstructure into a number of subvolumes and solves for the stress and strain state in each while providing the homogenized composite properties as well. As a result, local failure criteria may be employed to predict local subvolume failure and the effects of these local failures on the overall composite response. When combined with HyperSizer, MAC/GMC is employed to represent the ply level composite material response within the laminates that constitute a stiffened panel. The effects of local subvolume failures can then be tracked as loading on the stiffened panel progresses. Sample progressive failure results are presented at both the composite laminate and the composite stiffened panel levels. Deformation and failure model predictions are compared with experimental data from the World Wide Failure Exercise for AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy laminates. I. Introduction


This paper uses several large cross-sectional data sources and a new approach to estimate midlife effects of entering the labor market in a recession on mortality by cause and various measures of socioeconomic status. We find that cohorts coming of age during the deep recession of the early 1980s suffer increases in mortality that appear in their late 30s and further strengthen through age 50. We show these mortality impacts are driven by disease-related causes such as heart disease, lung cancer, and liver disease, as well as drug overdoses. At the same time, unlucky middle-aged labor market entrants earn less and work more while receiving less welfare support. They are also less likely to be married, more likely to be divorced, and experience higher rates of childlessness. Our findings demonstrate that temporary disadvantages in the labor market during young adulthood can have substantial impacts on lifetime outcomes, can affect life and death in middle age, and go beyond the transitory initial career effects typically studied.


We have developed a computer-based method for the automated quantification of bone tissue in histological sections of decalcified specimens. Bone tissue was generated by ectopic implantation of ceramic-based carriers loaded with human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The method is based on the acquisition of multimodal images, in order to identify and measure the area covered by bone tissue (using fluorescent light) and the total area of tissue (using transmitted light), thereby excluding the regions corresponding to nonresorbed scaffold. The amount of bone as a percentage of the total area of interest (bone/area) and of the newly formed tissue (bone/tissue) is automatically derived. The computer-based results correlated closely with those obtained by manual identification of bone and tissue areas in the same histological fields (R(2) = 0.997; p < 0.0005), with errors dependent on the magnification used but always lower than 9.4%. The method was used to compare the bone/tissue and bone/area percentages in samples of engineered bone based on human BMSCs expanded in the presence of different biochemical factors and loaded onto different scaffolds. The technique thus represents a valuable tool to quantify reproducibly, accurately, and easily bone formation in a variety of tissue-engineering studies.


This is a rejoinder to N. Na'aman, "Does Archaeology Really Deserve the Status of A 'High Court' in Biblical and Historical Research?," B. Becking and L.L. Grabbe (eds.) Between Evidence and Ideology (OtSt, 59; Leiden: Brill, 165–183) that claims that although archaeological evidence can be fragmentary and may be misinterpreted, when solid data from well-excavated sites is compared to assumptions regarding the nature of biblical texts and their date of compilation, the former should prevail, at least until tested by new archaeological evidence or extra-biblical texts.


We present a new Gaussian process (GP) regression model whose co-variance is parameterized by the the locations of M pseudo-input points, which we learn by a gradient based optimization. We take M ≪ N, where N is the number of real data points, and hence obtain a sparse regression method which has O(M2N) training cost and O(M2) prediction cost per test case. We also find hyperparameters of the covariance function in the same joint optimization. The method can be viewed as a Bayesian regression model with particular input dependent noise. The method turns out to be closely related to several other sparse GP approaches, and we discuss the relation in detail. We finally demonstrate its performance on some large data sets, and make a direct comparison to other sparse GP methods. We show that our method can match full GP performance with small M, i.e. very sparse solutions, and it significantly outperforms other approaches in this regime.


OBJECTIVE
Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant asbestos-related pathology and remains the most fatal cancer of industrialized countries. In heavy smokers, early detection of lung cancer with chest CT scan leads to a 20% mortality reduction. However, the use of CT scan screening for early detection of lung cancer in asbestos-exposed workers requires further investigation. This study aimed to determine whether CT scan screening in asbestos-exposed workers is effective in detecting asymptomatic lung cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS
We reviewed all cohort studies involving chest CT scan screening in former asbestos-exposed workers. The search strategy used the following keywords: "asbestos," "lung cancer," "screening," and "occupation*" or "work." Databases were PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Embase.

RESULTS
Seven studies matched our inclusion criteria. Baseline screening detected 49 asymptomatic lung cancers among 5,074 asbestos-exposed workers. Of the 49 reported lung cancers, at least 18 were in the earliest stage (stage I), accessible to complete removal surgery. The prevalence of all lung cancers detected by CT scan screening in asbestos-exposed workers was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.8%).

CONCLUSIONS
CT scan screening in asbestos-exposed workers is effective in detecting asymptomatic lung cancer. Detection of lung cancer in asbestos-exposed workers using CT scanning is at least equal to the prevalence in heavy smokers (1%; 95% CI, 0.09%-1.1%) and also shared a similar proportion of stage I diagnoses. Screening asbestos-exposed workers could reduce mortality in proportions previously observed among heavy smokers and, thus, should not be neglected, particularly for individuals combining both exposures.


The Energy Foundation's China Sustainable Energy Program (CSEP) has undertaken a major project investigating fiscal and tax policy options for stimulating energy efficiency and renewable energy development in China. This report, which is part of the sectoral sub-project studies on energy efficiency in industry, surveys international experience with tax and fiscal policies directed toward increasing investments in energy efficiency in the industrial sector. The report begins with an overview of tax and fiscal policies, including descriptions and evaluations of programs that use energy or energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) taxes, pollution levies, public benefit charges, grants or subsidies, subsidized audits, loans, tax relief for specific technologies, and tax relief as part of an energy or greenhouse gas (GHG) emission tax or agreement scheme. Following the discussion of these individual policies, the report reviews experience with integrated programs found in two countries as well as with GHG emissions trading programs. The report concludes with a discussion of the best practices related to international experience with tax and fiscal policies to encourage investment in energy efficiency in industry.


This study has two purposes: The first is to understand what takes place in the relationships between undergraduate studio teachers and students that often results in preventing authentic artistic existence. The second purpose is to understand the underlying assumptions of subjectivist and objectivist types of studio instructors and the potential for the attainment of authenticity in the relationships they have with their students. Martin Buber's concept of the dialogical I-Thou relationship is the basis for both his critique of subjectivist and objectivist educational traditions and his concept of authentic artistic existence. Buber's concept of dialogue is used first to analyze the relationships between teachers and students, then between artists and their artwork, and finally between studio instructors and their students. For the latter, the analysis utilizes examples from the author's own experiences as a student and also a studio teacher. Art education literature that presumably has had some impact/influence on artists/studio instructors is reviewed. The assumptions found in the literature are compared and contrasted to Buber's concept of the I-Thou relationship between the teacher and the student, and between the artist and the artwork. In contrast to the I-Thou, the literature tends to view the teacher or the artist in an I-It relationship, that is, as an active participant acting on a passive, dependent partner-the student or the artwork, respectively. Buber's concepts are then applied to the thesis purpose. Two pairs of metaphors are constructed to examine and critique subjectivist and objectivist instructors and students: the Magician-acolyte and the Matchmaker-debutante respectively. It is concluded that both types of relationships are exemplars of Buber's I-It relationship. Instructors who present themselves as subjectivist or objectivist exclusively, prevent dialogue. Consequently, students respond with an I-It, inauthentic existence. A model for a relationship that would result in authentic artistic existence for both participants is proposed. The metaphor of mentor-protege, based on Buber's dialogic is presented as an alternative to the I-It experience.


. The majority of quantitative studies on the consequences of internal migration focus almost exclusively on the labour-market outcomes and the material well-being of migrants. We investigate whether individuals who migrate within the UK become happier after the move than they were before, and whether the effect is permanent or transient. Using life-satisfaction responses from twelve waves of the British Household Panel Survey and employing a fixed-effects model, we derive a temporal pattern of migrants' subjective well-being around the time of the migration event. Our findings make an original contribution by revealing that, on average, migration is preceded by a period when individuals experience a significant decline in happiness for a variety of reasons, including changes in personal living arrangements. Migration itself causes a boost in happiness, and brings people back to their initial levels. The research contributes, therefore, to advancing an understanding of migration in relation to set-point theory. Perhaps surprisingly, long-distance migrants are at least as happy as short-distance migrants despite the higher social and psychological costs involved. The findings of this paper add to the pressure to retheorize migration within a conceptual framework that accounts for social well-being from a life-course perspective.


Renewable energy technologies for heating and cooling can be often optimized using low temperatures in the
terminal heat exchangers for heating and the opposite for cooling. For example, thermal and electrical driven
heat pumps have higher coefficient of performance (COP) for low impulse heating temperature and relatively
high cooling temperature. If solar energy is directly used for heating purposes also a low temperature is
necessary. Using this range of temperatures, a large exchange area is needed in order to obtain the desired
conditions. In this sense, radiant floors and ceilings can be used with the objective to reduce the impulse
water temperature in winter and increase it in summer to obtain high energy savings. However, a careful
design and optimal control strategy are important to reach expected energy savings. Therefore, a model
capable to capture transient effects, system control strategies, and it's coupling with building energy
simulation, is of importance.
A transient numerical model for radiant floors and ceilings is presented and validated. The model has been
implemented in RDmes online web platform and can solve both steady state and transient situations for
sizing and predicting respectively. The radiant floor model has been developed to be used in the framework
of the IEA-Task44 and the radiant ceiling has been employed in the FREDSOL project.
The model developed is based on the composite fin model for radiant floor described by Kilkis et. al.
(1994) coupled with a multi layer model and a step-by-step algorithm. The multi layer model solves the
transient one-dimensional conduction behavior of the different layers. The two models are coupled
considering the heat flow from the pipe as a sink source term in a typical transient conduction problem.
The similar concept was used in the collector model presented by Cadafalch (2009). The step-by-step
algorithm solves the fluid flow in one dimension.
In the paper, an explanation of the mathematical formulation and numerical algorithm is provided in detail. A
validation has been realized by means of experimental data comparisons from other references.
Computational results have been analyzed and compared with other models presented in the test cases
summarized in.


This case study examined a team of instructors' use of social presence, teaching presence, and attitudinal dissonance in a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) on Animal Behaviour and Welfare (ABW), designed to facilitate attitudinal learning. The study reviewed a team of six instructors' use of social presence and teaching presence by applying the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, as well as the establishment of attitudinal dissonance within the announcements and discussion forums. The instructors entered the MOOC as a collaborative facilitation team and created a highly balanced manner of communication and positive atmosphere within the course. The instructional design focused on creating an informative and knowledgeable network of global learners that would agree that animal welfare was a critical social issue in today's society. These course goals and facilitation intentions were demonstrated through a high number of social and teaching presence indicators, with a significant use of all social presence, teaching presence, and attitudinal dissonance categories in evidence. The results present a review of an instructional team's facilitation that focused on shaping attitudes about the topic of animal behaviour and welfare within a MOOC. We conclude by providing insights into instructional design and facilitation of MOOCs in general or attitudinal learning specifically.


The challenging issues in the sustainable development of a state currently are the problems of protecting the environment from contamination, increasing the capacity of systems for recycling and reusing water, and the development of resource saving and non-waste technologies. The authors have developed and introduced the technology of hydrocavitation activation of liquid hydrocarbons to create composite fuels that can contain off-spec hydrocarbons, including stale fuel oil, oil tanker outwashes, stillage bottoms, coal, bio mass, industrial wastes and the sludge of wastewater treatment plants. The main criteria were defined for assessing the energy-ecological effectiveness of using sludge in municipal wastewater as a component of composite fuels. The criteria are as follows: the calorific capacity of the fuel mixture, the energy effectiveness of its use as an energy resource, consumer properties, and the environmental performance of combusting this kind of fuel. Using these criteria during the production and combustion of composite fuels obtained with hydrocavitation activation allows producing high-quality fuel mixtures with specified thermophysical and consumer properties. This opens the prospects of more effective usage of hydrocarbon resources and of solving simultaneously two problems: the production of surplus energy and environmental load reduction during the disposal and neutralisation of moisture-containing waste.


Both the piston ring and cylinder bore experience wear throughout their life cycle. Therefore change occurs in the geometrical profile and topography of the ring. In addition, coating on the ring is also subject to wear, thus altering the physical/mechanical property of the contacting surface. These changes affect the tribological performance of the ring-bore conjunction. Geometrical changes often alter the ring contacting profile, which affects the entrainment of the lubricant into the conjunction. This can affect the regime of lubrication, thus mechanisms that contribute to friction. Wear of surfaces also plays some role in boundary friction in terms of topographical changes as well as surface properties such as hardness and asperity shear strength. Most analysis does not take into account changes in tribological conditions which occur as the result of these salient changes in practice. The paper intends to bridge this gap in the fundamental knowledge and provide explanations for some in-field experiences noted with wear of a compression ring in a typical engine test. The method of solution used is based on the average flow factors which are indicative of entrainment of the lubricant through the rough ring-bore conjunction. This approach was initiated by Patir and Cheng, for which realistic topographical parameters according to the stage of the wear process is included. Changes in friction and fuel energy consumed are predicted.


Fusions of the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2 with multiple partners occur in leukemia/lymphoma where they reportedly promote JAK2-oligomerization and autonomous signalling, Affected entities are promising candidates for therapy with JAK2 signalling inhibitors. While JAK2-translocations occur in myeloid, B-cell and T-cell lymphoid neoplasms, our findings suggest their incidence among the last group is low. Here we describe the genomic, transcriptional and signalling characteristics of PCM1-JAK2 formed by t(8;9)(p22;p24) in a trio of cell lines established at indolent (MAC-1) and aggressive (MAC-2A/2B) phases of a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). To investigate signalling, PCM1-JAK2 was subjected to lentiviral knockdown which inhibited 7 top upregulated genes in t(8;9) cells, notably SOCS2/3. SOCS3, but not SOCS2, was also upregulated in a chronic eosinophilic leukemia bearing PCM1-JAK2, highlighting its role as a central signalling target of JAK2 translocation neoplasia. Conversely, expression of GATA3, a key T-cell developmental gene silenced in aggressive lymphoma cells, was partially restored by PCM1-JAK2 knockdown. Treatment with a selective JAK2 inhibitor (TG101348) to which MAC-1/2A/2B cells were conspicuously sensitive confirmed knockdown results and highlighted JAK2 as the active moiety. PCM1-JAK2 signalling required pSTAT5, supporting a general paradigm of STAT5 activation by JAK2 alterations in lymphoid malignancies. MAC-1/2A/2B - the first JAK2–translocation leukemia/lymphoma cell lines described - display conspicuous JAK/STAT signalling accompanied by T-cell developmental and autoimmune disease gene expression signatures, confirming their fitness as CTCL disease models. Our data support further investigation of SOCS2/3 as signalling effectors, prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets in cancers with JAK2 rearrangements.


Objective: Pneumomediastinum (PM) can be observed after blunt and penetrating chest trauma. Most of the patients with PM due to trauma can be managed conservatively. This study aimed to evaluate the cases with PM on thorax computed tomography (CT) after blunt chest trauma (BCT). Methods: Medical records of patients with PM due to BCT between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Thorax CT was used to verify pneumomediastinum in all patients. Twenty-four patients which had different causes of PM (penetrating trauma, iatrogenic, spontaneous) were excluded from the study. Data of sixty-nine patients with the diagnosis of PM secondary to BCT and who were observed without any further procedure for the cause of PM, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: There were 59 male and 10 female patients with the mean age of 47.60 ± 17.47 years (range, 16 to 80 years). The most common cause of PM etiology was traffic accident with a rate of 38 (55.06%) patients, followed by fall from height in 25 (36.24%), compression in 3 (4.35%) and drubbing in 3 (4.35%) patients. There was a 12.46 ± 6.42 days (range, 6 to 28 days) mean duration of chest tube drainage which was performed for accompanying pathologies like pneumothorax and hemothorax. No complication was determined for short and long term follow-up of patients when all hospital records were analyzed in terms of complication. Conclusions: PM after BCT may be a marker of esophageal and tracheobronchial injury and invasive procedures like bronchoscopy and endoscopy can be needed for differential diagnosis. We evaluated 69 patients in good general status and no need for intensive care management with PM in this study and observed them without any further procedure. As a result of these findings we concluded that for the PM patients after BCT with uneventful clinical course, conservative treatment without any further procedure is a safe and sufficient method.


This thesis presents part of the syntax of Hausa within the framework of Transformational Generative Grammar, the specific area investigated being various aspects of nominalisation. After a theoretical introduction chapter 1 gives an analysis of the Hausa complement system in terms of embedding a sentence within an NP. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 analyse in some detail four different kinds of nominalisation and present evidence in support of Chomsky's lexicalist hypothesis i.e, that at least some such nominals should be entered directly in the lexicon rather than be transformationally derived from underlying sentences. There follow three appendices: one summarising and exemplifying the phrase structure rules presupposed in the preceding analysis; one giving a selection of the main transformational rules discussed; one listing a representative sample of verbs with their different complementation possibility The thesis closes with a bibliography of references cited.


SUMMARY. A pharmaceutical care program for dyslipidemic patients was designed, implemented, and assessed. The study was conducted during 32 weeks, at three Primary Health Care Centers. One hundred and forty two patients were selected. These patients were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Intervention group patients received care twice a month and were surveyed to assess their knowledge about their illness and medications, adherence to drug therapy, and quality of life. Possible drug related problems (DRP) were identified, the most frequent being that medication was not taken according to medical indication. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured every two months, with results showing significant improvements in the intervention group's total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (p = 0.009), knowledge of the illness (p < 0.0001), adherence to pharmacological treatment (p < 0.0001), and quality of life (p < 0.0001). Pharmaceutical care prevents and solves drug-related problems and improves patients' clinical parameters, adherence to medical treatment and quality of life.


Ahmed AkgunduzAbstract
The concept of qadar in the Qur'an means a measure or the latent possibilities that Allah (God) created human beings and all natural beings with. The notion of free will has religious, ethical, and scientific implications. From an Islamic point of view, human beings are, for all practical purposes, free. Islam holds that Divine determination and human will define the limits of faith and belief. Divine determination and the power of choice are aspects of a faith that pertain to conscience and show the final limits of Islam and faith; they are not theoretical and do not pertain to knowledge.The most complex issue in Islam is that of reconciling Divine determination (Qadar) and human will (al-Irâdah al-Juz'iyyah). The idea of Divine determination has often caused people to feel helpless, while it has also led others astray and away from a firm trust in God. Bediuzzaman tried to solve the problem.According to Bediuzzaman, 1) we have no access to that circle of Qadar that is governed completely by Allah's Supreme Will; 2) the Divine decree dominates the universe but does not cancel out our free will because we are aware of will in our activities; 3) the power of choice is not opposed to Divine determination—that is part of Divine knowledge; 4) knowledge is dependent on the thing known, and the thing known is not dependent on knowledge of it; 5) Divine determination is connected with cause and effect; 6) God made that weak and partial will of humankind a condition for the realization of His universal will.


The WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) is being emasculated by the United States. For almost a year, the United States had blocked appointment or reappointment of Appellate Body (AB) Members, reducing the number of sitting AB Members to four, based on various procedural and substantive objections to Appellate Body practices, some dating from 2002. Should the United States continue to refuse to join a consensus to appoint AB Members through September 2018, the number of sitting Members will be reduced to three. While most cases could still be heard with three judges, the large backlog of complex cases could mean that AB reports—required under the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) to be issued in no more than 90 days after appeal, will continue to take far longer to complete. It is unclear at this writing what the U.S. objectives may be since they have made no concrete proposals for Appellate Body reform. Increasingly, it appears that the United States seeks to destroy the Appellate Body and with it the rules-based international trading system.


Static analyzers help find bugs early by warning about recurring bug categories. While fixing these bugs still remains a mostly manual task in practice, we observe that fixes for a specific bug category often are repetitive. This paper addresses the problem of automatically fixing instances of common bugs by learning from past fixes. We present Getafix, an approach that produces human-like fixes while being fast enough to suggest fixes in time proportional to the amount of time needed to obtain static analysis results in the first place. Getafix is based on a novel hierarchical clustering algorithm that summarizes fix patterns into a hierarchy ranging from general to specific patterns. Instead of an expensive exploration of a potentially large space of candidate fixes, Getafix uses a simple yet effective ranking technique that uses the context of a code change to select the most appropriate fix for a given bug. Our evaluation applies Getafix to 1,268 bug fixes for six bug categories reported by popular static analyzers for Java, including null dereferences, incorrect API calls, and misuses of particular language constructs. The approach predicts exactly the human-written fix as the top-most suggestion between 12% and 91% of the time, depending on the bug category. The top-5 suggestions contain fixes for 526 of the 1,268 bugs. Moreover, we report on deploying the approach within Facebook, where it contributes to the reliability of software used by billions of people. To the best of our knowledge, Getafix is the first industrially-deployed automated bug-fixing tool that learns fix patterns from past, human-written fixes to produce human-like fixes.


A pot culture experiment on bio-hardening of the in-vitro raised plants of Bhagwa pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was conducted to find out the effect of two commercially available bio-formulations containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Aspergillus niger strain AN-27. Observations on root colonization, population dynamics of microbes in rhizospheric soil, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of biohardened plants were recorded at 180 days after inoculation. Results revealed that AMF colonization in roots of in-vitro raised pomegranate plants was found at par in plants inoculated with AMF (71.12%) and AMF + Asp (65.00%) the root colonization in these two treatments was significantly higher than Contral (10.00%). Population of Aspergillus niger in the rhizospheric soil was found significantly higher in soil inoculated with Aspergillus niger strain AN-27 (6 × 104 cfu/g of soil) as compared to non-inoculated control (2 × 104 cfu/g of soil). Significant improvement in plant height (27.0% increase), shoot fresh weight (24.8% increase), root fresh (23.3% increase) and dry weight (15.7% increase) was observed in bio-hardened plants than untreated ones. Physiological processes were also significantly improved by bio-hardening as AMF and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly better RWC (92.34 and 91.74 %, respectively) and photosynthesis (12.69 and 12.78 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) as compared to control (87.76 % and 9.07 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively) and only Asp treated plants (89.99% and 9.70 µmol CO2m-2s-1, respectively). AMF inoculated and AMF + Asp treated plants registered significantly higher total leaf chlorophyll (2.97 and 3.14 mg/g fresh weight, respectively) and total phenolic content (53.00 and 52.50 mg catechol equivalent/ 100 g fresh wt., respectively) than the control and only Asp treated plants.


Author of "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre" and other popular novels about Mexico, B. Traven surrounded his identity with mysteries designed to confound biographers. Now Heidi Zogbaum has produced a study of this enigmatic yet important author, linking his oeuvre with both Mexican and German politics of the 1920s and 1930s. Most previous works on Traven have been either literary studies or mere attempts to establish his identity. Past theories, for example, have labelled him the illegitimate son of Kaiser Wilhelm II or of Mexican President, Adolfo Lopez Mateos. Dr Zogbaum, however, systematically explores for the first time Traven's fascination with the great political episodes of his day. The German writer who would call himself B. Traven came to Mexico in 1924, drawn like many other left-wing intellectuals by the country's revolutionary experiment. In the following years he wrote novels and short stories that initially glorified, then criticized, the country's economic and political systems. His huge output introduced German, British and US audiences to recent developments in Mexico and to the country's rural workers, whose exploitation continued nearly unchecked under the new regime. The book is organized chronologically, taking the reader through Traven's career from his arrival in Mexico to his final writings in 1940. In the course of her analysis, Dr Zogbaum provides detailed discussions of all of Traven's major novels, showing how Mexican history inspired him and shaped his works. In addition, this study reveals how events in Germany, where Traven's primary audience lived, affected his writing. While entertaining his readers, Traven sought also to further their political education, using events in Mexico as starting points for commentary on Hitler's dictatorship. Finally, Dr Zogbaum establishes the value of Traven's works as historical sources documenting the notorious logging trade of southern Mexico. Scholars of modern German literature and proletarian fiction should find this volume useful. However, its treatment of Traven in the context of contemporary politics should make this book an equally useful source for anyone interested in revolutionary Mexico and the far-reaching economic problems the country still faces.


Neighbourhood policing is one of the most significant and high profile innovations in UK policing in recent times. It has also been one of the most successful, garnering widespread political and public support for its objectives and the processes of policing that it has sought to embed. Indeed, it has recently been described as the 'bedrock' of the British policing model. But it was not always so lauded. At the time of its initial development it encountered considerable opposition and scepticism from both within and outside of the police. This book tells the story of how and why the neighbourhood policing model was originally designed and implemented, and then, what has led to a decline in its prominence in terms of everyday police practice. To do this, Neighbourhood Policing draws upon unparalleled empirical data from the authors' ten-year programme of research to provide unique and compelling insights into the key practices and processes associated with the concept and implementation of neighbourhood policing. The chapters describe how: key processes and practices have evolved and matured; the ways neighbourhood policing delivers a range of local policing services; as well as how, in some towns and cities, it has provided a platform for tackling violent extremism and organised crime. This approach is used to set out a broader analytic frame that addresses the conditions under which innovative policing models emerge, are developed and decline. In so doing, the book engages with wider and deeper questions about the police function in contemporary society.


It may seem unexpected to assert that controversy surrounds the introduction of hymns in religious life in England. Though many scholars have worked to catalog and index hymns, few have investigated the evolution of hymns, and their proposed meaning to religious celebration. A historical as well as a critical project, The Matter and Manner of Praise undermines the compulsion to assume that hymn-making and religion were always considered to coexist effortlessly. Most histories of hymnody and evangelical movements in England have elided the depth of feeling and concern that surrounded the debate over hymns and their use during liturgy. McCart uncovers, reexamines, and comments upon this debate. He illuminates a partly unexplored topic in English church history, by tracing the controversial shift from metrical psalms to hymnody, and also takes into account legal issues and litigation that developed over the introduction of hymns into church life. An insightful study that should be fascinating reading for anyone interested in teasing apart the historical nature of religious ceremonies and hymns.


Glasses based on gallium and lanthanum sulphides (GLS) have attracted considerable interest over the past few years as they have potential for a range of practical applications. These glasses are among a few systems in which lanthanide compounds appear as a constituent; by partly substituting lanthanum with any other rare earth, optical materials with excellent fluorescence properties are readily obtained. The low phonon energy of the sulphide host reduces the non-radiative quenching of electronic levels with small energy separation to the lower levels; radiative transition rates are high because of the very large refractive index (~2.35 at 1.5µm). Thus, optical transitions are available in GLS that are commonly not observed in the conventional oxide glass hosts, enabling new schemes for fibre lasers and optical amplifiers. The high refractive index of GLS also correlates with high third order nonlinearity, which can be exploited for all-optical switching devices. With their transparency window ranging from about 0.5 to 8µm, GLS glasses are relevant for applications both in the telecom window, and in the mid-IR. The most challenging part in realising practical devices is the fabrication of single mode optical fibres. While fiberisability of GLS glasses has been demonstrated, optical attenuation in typical GLS fibres is still of the order of dB per meter. This loss, described as partly absorptive and partly due to light scattering, has until now been assumed to be extrinsic, that is, caused by residual impurities, crystals and other defects introduced during the fabrication. However, the bulk loss of GLS has never been adequately measured and even the loss mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Since in other sulphide glass systems the "weak absorption tail" of the electronic absorption edge represents a fundamental limit to the minimum achievable attenuation, the identification and quantification of the loss mechanisms in GLS glass is indispensable. Measuring the bulk loss in high index optical media is notoriously not an easy task. Thick samples are often not sufficiently homogeneous; on the other hand, the loss over ~centimetre lengths is only less than one hundredth of the Fresnel reflection loss at the sample surfaces, making transmission measurements very troublesome. Besides, these can only provide the total attenuation. Laser calorimetry, on the contrary, is a highly sensitive method to measure directly optical absorption, where a high power laser is directed on a sample placed in a vacuum chamber, and the temperature rise monitored. Analysing samples cut from the same glap batch with different thickness allows discrimination between surface and bulk absorption. The only constraint of the technique is the availability of suitable laser sources at the wavelength of interest. In this respect the Free Electron Laser at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLFEL) represents a unique source; when operated on its third harmonic, EEL provides an average power of several hundred watts which can be tuned across the whole near-IR region from the 1 to 2.2 µm. In this paper we Propose the use of JL-FEL for absolute absorption measurements of GLS glasses in the near-IR window, we discuss in detail the design of the calorimeter and present some preliminary results relative to two different glass compositions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the team of the Free Electron Laser Program at the Jefferson National Laboratories for their valuable contribution to this work. This work was funded by EPSRC through the grant n. GR/R56372/01.


A new theory of Wood's anomalies is presented which is based on a guided wave approach rather than the customary multiple scattering procedure. This approach provides both new insight and a method of calculation. It is shown that two distinct types of anomalies may exist: a Rayleigh wavelength type due to the emergence of a new spectal order at grazing angle, and a resonance type which is related to the guided complex waves supportable by the grating. A general theoretical treatment is presented which makes use of a surface reactance to take into account the standing waves in the grating grooves, and which derives the locations and detailed shapes of the anomalies. Rigorous results are obtained for a specific example; the amplitudes of all of the spectral orders are determined explicitly, and the Wood's anomaly effects are demonstrated clearly in graphical form for a variety of cases.


Social neuroscience uses the methodologies and tools developed to measure mental and brain function to study social cognition, emotion, and behavior. In this collection John Cacioppo, Penny Visser, and Cynthia Pickett have brought together contributions from psychologists, neurobiologists, psychiatrists, radiologists, and neurologists that focus on the neurobiological underpinnings of social information processing, particularly the mechanisms underlying "people thinking about thinking people." In these studies such methods as functional brain imaging, studies of brain lesion patients, comparative analyses, and developmental data are brought to bear on social thinking and feeling systems -- the ways in which human beings influence and are influenced by other humans. The broad range of disciplines represented by the contributors confirms that among the strengths of social neuroscience are its interdisciplinary approach and the use of multiple methods that bridge disciplines and levels of analysis.


This paper presents an algorithm that makes an underactuated marine vehicle follow a straight line path while in the presence of a constant ocean current. When following the path, the vehicle maintains a desired surge speed which is measured relative to the water, and which may be constant or time-varying. The algorithm is an integral line-of-sight guidance law where the lookahead distance is designed to depend linearly on the desired relative surge speed of the vehicle. This dependency makes it possible to keep the maneuvering demands of the vehicle limited, even when the vehicle surge speed is large. It is shown that if the desired relative surge speed is constant along the path, the resulting error dynamics has a uniformly semiglobally exponentially stable equilibrium at the origin, thus achieving the path following and velocity control objectives. Furthermore, in the case of a general, timevarying desired speed trajectory, it is shown that the solutions of the system remain bounded. The results are supported by simulations, as well as experiments with an unmanned surface vehicle.


In multi-response regression, pursuit of two different types of structures is essential to battle the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we seek a sparsest decomposition representation of a parameter matrix in terms of a sum of sparse and low rank matrices, among many overcomplete decompositions. On this basis, we propose a constrained method subject to two nonconvex constraints, respectively for sparseness and low-rank properties. Computationally, obtaining an exact global optimizer is rather challenging. To overcome the difficulty, we use an alternating directions method solving a low-rank subproblem and a sparseness subproblem alternatively, where we derive an exact solution to the low-rank subproblem, as well as an exact solution in a special case and an approximated solution generally through a surrogate of the L0-constraint and difference convex programming, for the sparse subproblem. Theoretically, we establish convergence rates of a global minimizer in the Hellinger-distance, providing an insight into why pursuit of two different types of decomposed structures is expected to deliver higher estimation accuracy than its counterparts based on either sparseness alone or low-rank approximation alone. Numerical examples are given to illustrate these aspects, in addition to an application to facial imagine recognition and multiple time series analysis.


ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Surgical complications delay adjuvant therapy in oncology patients. Current literature remains unclear regarding resident effect on postoperative outcomes, with inappropriate coverage possibly endangering patients in spite of attending oversight. We assessed resident postgraduate year (PGY) effect on 30-day overall morbidity in cancer patients undergoing major intra-abdominal and non-abdominal surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing non-emergent major intra- and extra-abdominal operations from 2005–2012 were queried using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Attending alone and resident PGY cohorts were compared for demographics, 30-day overall morbidity, mortality, and relevant outcomes. Results: A total of 156,941 cancer patients undergoing major intra-abdominal (n = 76,385) or major non-abdominal (n = 80,556) procedures were captured. Demographics were clinically similar across attending and PGY levels. Rates of overall morbidity increased significantly with PGY level, along with operative time and length of stay. For major intra-abdominal procedures, all resident levels except PGY2 level adversely affected overall morbidity. Above PGY4 level, resident involvement had a stronger association with adverse outcome than preoperative comorbidities and preoperative chemotherapy. Interestingly, gastric, gall bladder, liver, pancreas, esophageal, and thyroid procedures demonstrated no effect of resident involvement on overall morbidity. Conclusions: Resident PGY is independently associated with increased overall morbidity in patients undergoing selected major surgical procedures. Understanding surgical procedures affected by resident involvement will maximize outcomes.


In this paper, the liner concept is an electroacoustic transducer which acoustic impedance can be changed by electrical means, be it passive or active. Among the different ways to obtain variable acoustic properties on an electroacoustic transducer's voicing face is the shunting of the transducer's electrical input. With such shunt devices, the acoustic impedance that the transducer's membrane presents to the acoustic field takes account of an acoustic equivalent of the electrical load that can take many values within a specified range. Shunt strategies can either be passive, with a resistor, or active, with a negative resistance circuit including at least one operational amplifier, or with more complex control systems ("hybrid control"). These active strategies allow very versatile acoustic impedances, assuming the whole device remains linear. Though, the use of the operational amplifier in active devices presents many drawbacks such as operational instability, non-linear distortion, high sensitivity to settings. In order to counteract this, alternative designs have been assessed. This presentation will give an overview of the above-mentioned techniques for use as liners in the engine nacelle, and discuss on their performances and limitations.


Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is characterized by the development of numerous benign bony tumors (osteochondromas). Although it has been well established that MHE is caused by mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, which encode glycosyltransferase essential for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis, the cellular origin and molecular mechanisms of MHE remain elusive. Here, we show that in Ext1 mutant mice, osteochondromas develop from mesenchymal stem cell-like progenitor cells residing in the perichondrium, and we show that enhanced BMP signaling in these cells is the primary signaling defect that leads to osteochondromagenesis. We demonstrate that progenitor cells in the perichondrium, including those in the groove of Ranvier, highly express HS and that Ext1 ablation targeted to the perichondrium results in the development of osteochondromas. Ext1-deficient perichondrial progenitor cells show enhanced BMP signaling and increased chondrogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with the functional role for enhanced BMP signaling in osteochondromagenesis, administration of the small molecule BMP inhibitor LDN-193189 suppresses osteochondroma formation in two MHE mouse models. Together, our results demonstrate a role for enhanced perichondrial BMP signaling in osteochondromagenesis in mice, and they suggest the possibility of pharmacological treatment of MHE with BMP inhibitors.


In "Performance Philosophy — Staging a New Field," Laura Cull approaches performance as a source of philosophical insight and philosophy as a species of performance (Cull 2014, 15). This calls for a radical transformation of philosophy and its practices. What form might this take? Wittgenstein's later philosophy provides one example. The language games presented in the opening remarks of the Philosophical Investigations (PI, [1953] 2001) are meant to be played out. They involve improvisation based on general scenes, stock characters, and linguistic play. When enacted, they are slapstick. As such, they offer a method of philosophical investigation in which clarity and insight are inherent in the performance itself. Wittgenstein's language games were directly influenced by the subversive practices of Austrian commedia dell'arte and slapstick (through the works of Johann Nestroy and Karl Kraus). By their very nature, they challenge the pretensions of philosophical explanation and theory. Unlike attempts to compare Wittgenstein's philosophy to theatre, enacting language games is a form of philosophical performance. Andrew Lugg notes that recent attempts to compare Wittgenstein's philosophy to theatre problematize the opening remarks of the Investigations . However, enacting language games as a form of philosophical performance makes what is hidden, in all of its simplicity and familiarity, obvious, striking, and engaging.


This thesis deals with valuation of nonmarket goods using contingent valuation and consists of four papers and an introduction to the research area. Paper [I] examines the public benefits from preserving old-growth forest in the submountainous region in Sweden. Specifically, it analyzes a preservation program suggested by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results show that people value preservation for different reasons, not necessarily related to physical use. The paper finds that the estimated public benefits of the program exceed the estimated opportunity cost of forgone timber revenues and it should therefore be implemented. The paper also finds that there is no regional imbalance in the distribution of the benefits. Paper [II] examines the public benefits from preserving the four large predators in the Swedish fauna. Specifically, the paper focuses on the differences in attitudes and willingness to pay between people in wolf areas and other regions. We find that a clear majority of people in wolf areas are against preserving predators and that many of them need to be economically compensated in order to accept implementation of the predator policy package. The public in Sweden is, by a narrow margin, against implementation. The overall mean WTP is approximately SEK 300. It cannot be ruled out that the public benefits may be outweighed by the public costs following implementation. Paper [III] presents a new approach for treating preference uncertainty in contingent valuation. Specifically, it studies how data elicited from a multiple bounded question should be modelled. The new approach is compared to one of the conventional approaches and we find that: (1) it is more intuitive; (2) it better fits the data; (3) it gives more precise estimates of mean and median WTP; (4) it is less sensitive to distributional assumptions; and (5) it is better suited for policy analysis. Paper [IV] examines the income-effect in contingent valuation. Specifically three issues are analyzed: (1) the choice of income measure; (2) the choice of modelling assumptions; and (3) the social context. The results show that the estimated income-elasticity of WTP is fairly sensitive to different choices. The most statistically precise estimate is produced using household income and controlling for household characteristics. The third issue (social context) is approached by studying the answers to a WTP question conditioning respondents on a change in (1) their personal income and (2) the average income in Sweden. The results suggest that not only the income level per se influences WTP, but also its relation to the income of others.


This paper presents current research where the investigation of actual pedestrian accidents is being used to estimate the levels of impact that are causing injury in those accidents. This is being done by reconstructing the impact that caused the injury. The reconstruction of each case begins by attendance at the scene of a pedestrian accident, which may be of any severity. Vehicle and scene investigations are used to determine the speed of the vehicle on impact, and to determine the contact points between it and the pedestrian. Interviews, hospital records, Coroner's files and Trauma Registry records are used to identify injuries suffered by the pedestrian. Computer simulation is used to reconstruct the sequence of impacts between the vehicle and the pedestrian, and the velocity of the parts of the pedestrian's body which come into contact with the car are determined. The simulation data is then used in the laboratory, where sub-system dummies representing the leg, upper leg and head are used to re-create the impact on the same make and model of car that was involved in the actual accident. The results of the impact reconstructions will be related to the type and severity of injuries sustained in the actual accident. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E202589.


This valuable new resource is specifically designed for candidates for the ACSM's Certified Health Fitness Specialist (HFS) and those personal trainers wanting to take their knowledge to the next level. It contains the latest material on health and fitness written by the entity setting the standard for scientifically based practice, The American College of Sports Medicine. The American College of sports Medicine is the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. More than 45,000 members are dedicated to advancing and integrating scientific research to provide educational and practical applications of exercise science and sports medicine.


Multi-panel figures are common in biomedical journals. Often the subpanels are of different types, e.g. x-ray, microscopy, sketch, etc. Visual information retrieval of such figures can significantly benefit from Panel Label Recognition techniques that index figures for search engines, image content tagging, and correlating with figure (sub)captions. It is a challenging task due to large variation in the label locations, sizes, contrast to background, etc. In this work, we propose a 3-stage recognition algorithm. The first stage is formulated as object detection, where we extract Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features and train a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Label candidates are detected using sliding windows at different locations and scales. We also trained a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) to remove false positives. The second stage is formulated as image classification. We trained a 50-class RBF SVM classifier and estimate the posterior probabilities of each candidate label. The last stage is formulated as sequence classification. We used a beam search algorithm on the posterior probabilities estimated in the second stage along with a set of label sequence constraints to select an optimal label sequence. The algorithm is trained on 9,642 figures, and evaluated on the remaining 1,000 figures shows that the proposed algorithm achieves good precision and recall.


Islamic versus Traditional Banking: Financial Innovation in Egypt, by Elias G. Kazarian. Boulder, San Francisco, and Oxford: Westview Press, 1993. xv + 233 pages. Gloss. to p. 236. Interviews to p. 239. Bibl. to p. 252. Index to p. 260. $32.50 paper. Reviewed by Sohrab Behdad Kazarian's book is a study of the theoretical basis of Islamic banking and a review of the performance of Islamic banks in Egypt in the 1980s. Islamic banks may not engage in activities that are forbidden by the shari'a (Islamic law), including interest bearing transactions (riba), speculation (gharar), and financing activities prohibited by Islam (e.g., production of intoxicants). Islamist economists assert that Islamic banking enhances the economic welfare of the community (umma) by promoting economic development and social welfare. It may be asked, then, if Islamic banking is a feasible alternative to traditional (non-Islamic) banking in a modern capitalist economy, or if Islamic banks can replace traditional banks while remaining true to their Islamic nature. Chapters 1-5 of Kazarian's book examine the theoretical issues in Islamic banking. Elimination of interest is the most important consideration. Islam prohibits a return on monetary capital unless the return comes from direct investment which is subject to market risks. Therefore, lenders cannot expect a fixed rate of return on their loans, but can participate in profit-loss sharing contracts with borrowers. Mudaraba (trustee financing) and musharaka (equity participation) are two possible forms of such contracts. In mudaraba contracts, a financier provides funds to an entrepreneur. Profits are shared between the two parties at a predetermined rate. If losses occur, the financier loses part or all of the capital, and the entrepreneur loses the work effort. There is no obligation by the entrepreneur to repay any of the lost capital. Islamist economists maintain that mudaraba is a socially desirable arrangement since it enables innovative entrepreneurs with little means and no substantial collateral to gain access to capital. This may indeed have been true in small medieval economies, when mudaraba contracts were formulated and lenders had an intimate knowledge of the business practices of a borrower. But in a modem capitalist economy, as Kazarian argues, such arrangements are subject to "adverse selection" and "moral hazard." That is, only entrepreneurs with little means and with risky projects seek mudaraba contracts, and these contracts encourage inefficiency and a high cost of operation. Besides, determination of the real rate of profit of thousands of borrowers is a formidable task for any bank. Therefore, it is very unlikely that banks would find mudaraba a practical (and profitable) arrangement. On the other hand, musharaka is a more practical arrangement. Buying stocks of companies the "shares" of which are available on the market may be a possible form of musharaka. The extent of this activity, however, depends on the size and viability of the stock market, which is quite limited in most developing countries. The musharaka activity of banks is very similar to that of mutual fund companies. Other forms of legitimate transaction for an Islamic bank are murabaha (mark-up) and ijara (leasing), where the bank finances the purchase of an asset and expects a predetermined fixed rate of return. In these cases, the rate of return is similar to interest. These arrangements are similar to the short-term lending of traditional banks for merchandise trading, only the terminology is different. Therefore, an Islamic bank functions as an intermediary between the owners of funds (savers) and the users of the funds (borrowers). …


Asset returns are frequently assumed to be determined by one or more common factors. We consider a bivariate factor model where the unobservable common factor and idiosyncratic errors are stationary and serially uncorrelated but have strong dependence in higher moments. Stochastic volatility models for the latent variables are employed, in view of their direct application to asset pricing models. Assuming that the underlying persistence is higher in the factor than in the errors, a fractional cointegrating relationship can be recovered by suitable transformation of the data. We propose a narrow band semiparametric estimate of the factor loadings, which is shown to be consistent with a rate of convergence, and its finite-sample properties are investigated in a Monte Carlo experiment.


Abstract Both incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Romania have shown a continuous increase during the last decades. Hereditary Non-Polyposic Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, is mainly attributable to mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1. Individuals carrying germ-line mutations of these genes present high lifetime risk of colorectal and other cancers, compared to non-carriers. Oncogenetics is developed worldwide nowadays, for identifying hereditary predisposition to cancer and offering appropriate clinical follow-up to patients and mutation carriers in Lynch families. Molecular oncogenetic diagnosis in Lynch syndrome is based on complete Sanger sequencing of entire MMR genes, which is time and resources consuming, therefore needing an appropriate and adapted optimization. Conventional sequencing requires a sufficient number of available samples to be processed simultaneously, which increases the waiting time for diagnostic results. Complete analysis for only one patient meets difficult technical problems due to the complex co-amplification of all gene regions of interest within the same conditions, therefore increasing the costs and reducing the cost-effectiveness of the test. Here we present an original and robust technical protocol for sequencing the entire MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 coding sequence for one patient in a single PCR plate. Our optimized and verified system overcomes all technical problems and offers a quick, robust, and cost-effective possibility to personalize molecular oncogenetic diagnosis in Lynch syndrome.


CIAT is carrying out an agricultural land resource evaluation of Tropical America to create a base for the effective development and transfer of germplasm oriented technology. The study started in mid-1977 and now covers 850 million ha. It reduces land information to a common base in terms of land systems defined as repetitive patterns of climate, landscape and soils. These are delineated directly onto satellite and side-looking radar imagery. Within land systems, soils are separately described in terms of the major landscape topographical facets. Once the land resource information is summarized, it is recorded as a computerized data storage, retrieval and analytical, map and data printout system, to speed-up analysis. The system facilitates the analysis of the land resource data with other information including economic parameters. The collated information is already available as a series of computer tapes. Examples of the application of the study are given. The work is already helping CIAT focus endeavor in developing and transferring promising pasture grass and legume accessions, in accordance with the realities of Tropical America's ecosystems. It is also playing an increasingly important role as a dynamic land resource data bank of the region for crop, pasture andagro-forestry production generally.


Background/Aim: Acuity charts that follow the principle of logarithmic size progression (logMAR charts) are considered to be the gold standard for the assessment of distant vision. But it is not well accepted for routine eye examinations due to increased testing time and the complexity of scoring. This study was designed to check whether a modified logMAR chart with three optotypes would provide a reliable acuity assessment compared to standard logMAR charts for routine eye examination. Materials and Methods: Two versions of modified and standard logMAR charts were designed, constructed, and used to assess the visual acuity of 50 individuals drawn from a typical out-patient population. Timed test-retest variability and limit of agreement (95% confidence limit of agreement) of the modified chart are compared to the standard logMAR chart using Bland-Altman method. A comparison of the testing time was carried out using paired t-test. Results: The test-retest variability of the charts was comparable, with 95% confidence limit of the mean difference being ±0.08 for standard logMAR and ±0.10 for modified logMAR. Both the versions of modified logMAR charts produced the results which agreed well with those of the standard logMAR charts. The mean testing time required to complete the acuity measurements with the modified chart was significantly lesser compared to the standard chart (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The outcomes of the current study demonstrates that the modified logMAR chart with three optotypes offers a comparable result to the standard logMAR charts for assessing distant visual acuity in routine clinical examination set up with a much lesser testing time.


Water pollution is a major environmental problem in the United States. To improve the surface water quality of the 2,493 ha (6,160 ac) Coulee Baton watershed in Louisiana, a collaborative nonpoint source pollution control study was initiated in 2004. Conservation measures and best management practices (BMPs) including cross-fencing of pasturelands (726.9 m [2,385 ft]), irrigation land leveling (12.9 ha [32 ac]), grade stabilization structures (two), irrigation water pipeline (975.4 m [3,200 ft]), and a livestock well covering a total of 92.7 ha (229 ac) of agricultural land, and repair or replacement of 80 septic systems in the watershed were voluntarily implemented by landowners and homeowners. Water samples were collected from seven monitoring sites for 66 rain events from September 24, 2009, to August 9, 2011. Laboratory determinations of water samples included total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate/nitrite-nitrogen (NO3/NO2-N), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), chloride (Cl), fluoride (Fl), sulfate (SO4), and fecal coliform counts. Surface water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, conductivity, and pH were determined in the field using YSI Sonde (YSI Incorporated, Yellow Springs, Ohio). For the watershed, DO, BOD5, and TS concentrations and fecal coliform count ranged, respectively, between 1.2 and 14.1 mg L−1 (ppm), 2 and 40.1 mg L−1, 35 and 5,719 mg L−1, and 400 × 106 and 17 × 106 most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL. The months of March, April, June, and September showed, on average, higher concentrations of TS and TDS, fecal coliform count, NO3/NO2-N, and SRP and TP, respectively. As compared to the ongoing BMPs, the post-BMPs, TSS, NO3/NO2-N, SRP, and BOD5 concentrations, on average, were lower by 56.2%, 23.1%, 82.5%, and 27.4%, respectively. Developed land use types and the failed septic systems were identified as major sources of fecal coliform pollution. These results suggest comprehensive strategies are necessary for effective nonpoint source pollution control in agricultural watersheds.


Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen in hospitalized patients, particularly those in the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 21 A. baumannii (6 from 5 patients and 15 from environmental samples) were isolated in the ICU and the isolation room of a state hospital in June 2011. The possible source of the outbreak was investigated. A. baumannii isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests, BBL Crystal Identification Systems, OXA-51 specific PCR, and 16S rDNA sequencing. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and the aminoglycoside group of antibiotics. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that all A. baumannii isolates were derived from a common source.


Is it possible to bring university research and student education into a more connected, more symbiotic relationship? If so, can we develop programmes of study that enable faculty, students and 'real world' communities to connect in new ways? In this accessible book, Dilly Fung argues that it is not only possible but also potentially transformational to develop new forms of research-based education. Presenting the Connected Curriculum framework already adopted by UCL, she opens windows onto new initiatives related to, for example, research-based education, internationalisation, the global classroom, interdisciplinarity and public engagement.

A Connected Curriculum for Higher Education is, however, not just about developing engaging programmes of study. Drawing on the field of philosophical hermeneutics, Fung argues how the Connected Curriculum framework can help to create spaces for critical dialogue about educational values, both within and across existing research groups, teaching departments and learning communities. Drawing on vignettes of practice from around the world, she argues that developing the synergies between research and education can empower faculty members and students from all backgrounds to contribute to the global common good.


Vaccination against Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an essential tool for the control of the disease and
for safe trade of live ruminants in accordance to OIE standards and EU legislation. The aim of this
study was to determine the safety of a BTV1 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine and its efficacy in
protecting sheep against bluetongue infection. Moreover, in this study we performed a challenge
trial with virulent strain BTV2 in vaccinated sheep in order to verify evidence of crossprotection.
The administration of BTV1 MLV vaccine resulted to be safe, not causing in vaccinated animals
significant clinical effects and haematological modifications, not showing any adverse effects in
pregnant ewes if administered in the second half of gestation. However, titres and duration of
viraemia recommend an awaiting period before shipment of vaccinated animals (60 days) to prevent
the spread of the virus. Furthermore, this vaccine showed an appropriate balance between
attenuation of virulence and ability to replicate in sheep. The antigenic stimulus provided by its
replication elicits complete protection against challenge using a virulent homologous virus and does
not cause any detectable viraemia in serologically positive vaccinated animals. In conclusion, the
administration of BTV1 MLV vaccine was safe, not causing particular drawbacks and effective,
stimulating an adequate protection of animals in case of infection with wild strain of homologous
serotype.


PURPOSE
To characterize the time course of apoptosis and degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of retinal degeneration based on truncated mutant HRG4; to investigate the nature of binding of the mutant HRG4 to its target, ADP-ribosylation factor-like (ARL)2; to study its effects on the downstream molecules Binder-of-ARL2 (BART) and adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT)-1 and on the induction of apoptosis.

METHODS
Saturation binding, microscopic morphometric, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL analyses were used.

RESULTS
Increased apoptosis did not occur until 20 months in the transgenic retina, consistent with the delayed-onset degeneration in this model. The truncated HRG4 protein exhibited approximately threefold greater affinity for ARL2 than the wild-type HRG4, likely resulting in nonfunctional sequestration of ARL2. A significant decrease in ARL2 was present by 20 months, accompanied by a 50% decrease in ANT-1 in the photoreceptor synaptic mitochondria, with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Preapoptotic degeneration in the photoreceptor synapse was demonstrated with cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation within the synapse-without evidence of TUNEL-positive apoptosis in the photoreceptor cell body-indicating an initial event in the synapse leading to apoptosis. Caspase 3 was activated in the accompanying secondary neuron, consistent with transsynaptic degeneration.

CONCLUSIONS
The results support a novel mechanism of retinal degeneration in which preapoptotic degeneration starts in the photoreceptor synapse because of a deficiency in ANT-1 and spreads to the secondary neuron transsynaptically, followed by apoptosis and degeneration in the cell body of the photoreceptor.


ABSTRACT This article examines metacognitive-based teaching strategies and provides preliminary evidence about their effectiveness in the political science classroom. In a 2013 Fall semester Introduction to Political Science course, three metacognitive-based teaching strategies were designed and implemented for improving student learning through greater self-regulation and awareness. This article compares the student learning outcomes to a previous version of the course and also assesses student learning over the semester, including a pre- and postassessment of course-based knowledge. By assessing changes in student learning, the article investigates, identifies and isolates specific and transferable classroom interventions for improving student learning and proposes using metacognitive-based teaching strategies in a political science classroom.


Since the U.S. Air Force's inception in 1946, even after 60 years of air superiority and dominance, the Air Force struggles to find a recognizable image and identity among the five services, to include the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. The AF dominates air, space and cyberspace, yet its "brand" has never reached audiences as well as the Marine Corps or Army. As an AF public affairs officer, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the messages portrayed in the marketing campaign "Above All" and determine if the central AF themes were showcased, then propose a slogan and test it through qualitative analysis via semi-structured interviews and survey. This is intended as an exploratory study to better understand how to brand the AF. Results will show the Air Force first has to develop its organizational identity and stick with an integrated marketing campaign for the long-term.


The Gun-nartpa people of northern Australia use represented experience to mark prominence at narrative highpoints. The term 'represented experience' refers to verbal expressions that form paratactic relations with surrounding discourse. It encompasses the speech of story actors, environmental sounds, and sound-symbolic renderings of events. Such representations impart moments of drama to narrative discourse, in which shifts in perspective position the deictic centre at an imagined interpersonal space within the storyworld of the narrative. It is here, where the storyteller and audience enter the subjectivity of story actors, that elements of the narrative most clearly express its underpinning cultural proposals. The Gun-nartpa construe the cultural proposals that make up the notional structures of narrative discourse in terms of relational knowledge, in which conceptualisations of 'belonging' are of primary value. This relational frame of reference provides context for the interpretation of the evaluative implicatures that arise at highpoints, and lends coherence to Gun-nartpa narrative discourse.


A method is described that enables the alternated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy of thin-layer samples deposited onto one side of an exchangeable silicon wafer, the uncoated side of which is pressed against a small-area diamond single-reflection element. The pressing device is designed as a hollow spindle with a small ring-shaped opening at the end facing the wafer; thus, the sample spot involved in the measurement remains undisturbed. The sample can be UV-irradiated, and the atmosphere above it can be flushed with an inert gas introduced through the hollow spindle. The performance of the method is illustrated by the investigation of the influence of pressing force on background and on absorption band areas. With a commercial real-time Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, the measurement of the UV-polymerization kinetics following the vanishing of the double bounds is demonstrated for a few thin-layer samples that were deposited on silicon wafers by spin-coating or by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique.