Consumer-driven demand for meat and dairy products is driving an increase in livestock production and demand for improved animal healthcare services. These must be effective, affordable and accessible to ensure a profitable livestock sector. Especially important are the needs of poor livestock keepers who may have no other means of livelihood and who, following privatisation, may have become excluded from animal healthcare services. Animal healthcare has far-reaching implications. Increased livestock production brings risks to public health from greater animal-human contact and zoonotic diseases. There are potential environmental hazards as well as issues of food safety and the need to ensure trade standards are met. But effective, comprehensive animal healthcare services are expensive. At a time when demand is increasing but government budgets for veterinary services are declining, how could such services be funded? The purpose of this Working Paper is to study a wide range of funding mechanisms in both developed and developing countries. The author discusses the process of collecting revenue from sources ranging from individual households to foreign governments through, for example, direct and indirect taxation, fees and user charges, compulsory or private insurance contributions, levies, and international loans or grants. Mechanisms for pooling funds, distributing them and providing services are also described in some detail. Useful comparisons are made with the funding and provision of human healthcare services. Animal healthcare services are usually funded from a mix of sources and some sources will be more directly linked to effective and fair service provision than others. Many practical examples of funding mechanisms are given, and their impact on service provision is described. The author emphasises the need for transparency in revenue collection and service provision and suggests that further research would help to provide the basis for improvement. Above all, the needs of different users for animal health services should be assessed so that funds collected are appropriately and accurately allocated.


Are two parents and single parents allocating household resources to children in the same way? Which factors affect intra-household inequality? Do mothers re-distribute more income to children as they are more empowered? We focus on child welfare in the context of two parent and single parent families, which is relevant for policy recommendation. We model households behavior in a collective framework, which allows us to understand the rule governing the allocation process between adults and children. Using consumption data from Argentina from three consecutive expenditures surveys (1996, 2004 and 2012) we analyze intra-household behavior over three different socio-economic contexts. We estimate a collective quadratic demand system following a structural approach to identify the fraction of total household expenditure that is devoted to children and adults, exploiting the observability of assignable goods. We provide the first evidence of intra-household inequality and individual poverty levels for Argentina. Our results indicate that family structure matters in the intra-household distribution. We find a positive gender bias in expenditure when children are females for both types of families, and we document that children fare better when mothers have a higher bargaining power in the allocation process, measured by their employment status. Further, we find several features of intra-household behavior which are persistent in time.


One of the most frequently studied characteristics of the labour market is the unemployment rate, however an equally important element of economic analyzes is the employment level survey (total and broken down by various categories e.g. by sex, age, place of employment, level of education and others). On the one hand, the identification of factors that shape the levels of the considered features, on the other hand, the assessment of the impact of the examined characteristics on the economy, are important elements of the state's economic policy allowing for monitoring and managing the phenomenon. Therefore, the article intends to analyze employment by age groups in selected European countries. It is planned to identify the main factors shaping this phenomenon in each country surveyed, as well as to assess the impact that the studied characteristics have on the economic development of countries. The main purpose of the article is to show similarities and differences in the level and structure of employment occurring in the European Union countries, taking into account the division into age groups. To achieve this goal, it is planned to use selected quantitative tools enabling analysis and comparison of the considered characteristics.


This review article engages with the architect Adam Sharr's Heidegger's Hut (2006), a study of Martin Heidegger's work hut at Todtnauberg, and also with Heidegger's own "essay" on thought at the hut, "From Out of the Experience of Thinking" (written 1947). The article traces a tension between some intellectual assumptions in the mode of presentation chosen by Sharr and the provocation of Heidegger's thinking. The challenge of Heidegger's thinking is to resist the mode of a biographical survey, a challenge focused above all in his elusive concept of the "earth." This uncanny and nonfoundational element in the "experience of thinking" is seen as crucial for Heidegger at Todtnauberg, as opposed to its having offered, as Sharr's study concludes, a "datum" for personal identity.


Central University of Technology through its Centre for Curriculum Development is mandated to equip academic staff members with among other skills incorporating sustainable development (SD) in the mainstream curriculum, where curriculum already seems to be overloaded. Inclusion of SD has become a burden on academics and the curriculum, because emergent expectations seldom consider the expertise and training needs required by academics to effectively deal with new curriculum additions, including SD.
While universities still lag behind in their pursuit for SD, the school sector has made significant strides from which universities can learn. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate how national policy and educators provide for the effective integration of environmental education into the school curriculum as a conduit for transforming society. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken, followed by a questionnaire survey. Twenty randomly selected schools in Bloemfontein participated. Twenty educators and ten learners were randomly selected from each school to participate in the survey. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding educators' knowledge of environmental education, their attitudes, integration into curriculum and the learners' general knowledge on environmental education.
Results show that the school curriculum and policy offer opportunities for integration of SD/EE into the curriculum, but educators do not fully understand what methods to use. Raising awareness still remains as one of the most needed strategies to promote the inclusion of SD/EE in the curriculum.


Magnetostratigraphy is widely used as a tool for stratigraphical correlation but there are problems in its application to rocks which have suffered complex diagenesis, particularly sandy, continental red beds. In such cases the complete magnetic record should be studied in relation to its depositional, diagenetic and structural history. To this end a detailed palaeomagnetic study has been made of Permian and Triassic rocks in the northern Iberian Cordillera, Spain. Four stratigraphical units comprising the Autunian, 'Saxonian', Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk have been studied in a single section near Molina de Aragon which is well-documented sedimentologically. Autunian rocks have a characteristic remanence which is exclusively reversed and corresponds to the Kiaman Interval of Lower Permian age. A pole position (49 N, 167 W) is consistent with previous studies which indicate the rotation of Iberia in post-Triassic times relative to the stable European plate. The Saxonian facies show complex, multicomponent magnetizations; no polarity zonation can be resolved but individual components were acquired prior to the rotation of Iberia. The Buntsandstein is remarkable in that much of it is completely remagnetized in a direction similar to the present local geomagnetic direction. This secondary remanence is carried by fine grained hematite which has been formed as a result of carbonate dissolution and other diagenetic reactions. Initially, these iron oxides were probably superparamagnetic and remanence was only blocked-in by structural inversion of the Iberian Cordillera in Tertiary times and after rotation of the Iberian plate. Some of the primary remanence is preserved in some fine grained lithologies of the Buntsandstein, indicating that normal and reversed zones of magnetization were originally present. The magnetization of the Muschelkalk carbonates is also complex; secondary components similar to those of the Buntsandstein are present but there is evidence that primary components were mainly normal during Karnian times.


Objective To describe the implementation process, successes, challenges, and lessons learned of the application of tablet for data collection and data system in HIV sentinel surveillance in Vietnam Introduction Vietnam has routinely monitored HIV sero-prevalence among key populations through its HIV sentinel surveillance system (HSS). In 2010, this system was updated to include a behavioral component (HSS+) among people who inject drugs, female sex workers, and men who have sex with men. HSS+ has historically used a paper-based questionnaire for data collection (1) . At the end of the survey, provincial data were manually entered into computers using EpiData Entry forms (http://www.epidata.dk/) and submitted to the Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC). As a result, feedback to provinces on data issues was not provided until after fieldwork completion. One recent survey used tablets for data collection and found that it saved time, required fewer staff, and reduced costs compared to paper-based data collection (2) . In 2017, Vietnam introduced tablet for behavioral data collection in HSS+ to improve data quality, resource saving, and to provide more timely access to data. Methods Development of data entry forms and data system Survey data entry forms were designed using free Epi Info ™ software for mobile devices (3) and installed on tablets. A SQL database was established via SFPT data transfer to the current database in VAAC's server. Field data were instantly synced to the national database when the internet signal was available (Picture 1). Real-time data analysis was granted to surveillance staff at all levels using authorized access to the database via Epi Info ™ Cloud Data Analytics (ECDA), dashboards were used to track progress and data quality (Figure 1). HSS+ data were frequently reviewed by the National Surveillance Technical Working Group (NSTWG) and timely feedback was provided. Deployment Manuals and e-leaning materials were developed. The NSTWG conducted a pilot to test the forms and data flow from field to the national database before installed into all tablets. Four to seven tablets were distributed to each province depending on number of HSS+ sites and populations. Surveillance staff at Provincial AIDS Centers (PACs) were trained by the NSTWG on how to use the tablet to interview, check, update, save data, and sync data to cloud and to the national database, and to backup the provincial dataset. They then provided trainings to their local field staff. The NSTWG provided technical assistance and troubleshooting through field visits and online support to help local staff address issues regarding tablet use in addition to other HSS/HSS+ issues. Results Currently, 18 HSS+ provinces have implemented the 2017 HSS+. Of these, nine provinces applied tablets exclusively. Two provinces used tablets, but also used paper-based questionnaires when not enough tablets were available. Seven Global Fund supported provinces used the paper-based questionnaires and entered data into tablets after interview completion due to copies of completed paper-based questionnaires are required by these provincial project management units (PMU) for fund re-imbursement. Additional updates were required after the first few days, which created issues around updating forms once revised forms were sent out by NSTWG. Another challenge was that local staff were not familiar with using tablets at the beginning. Also frequent complaints were mainly on data entry and synchronization regarding participant identity code or a record could not be synced. The NSTWG and PAC staff were able to monitor the HSS+ progress and provided feedback daily. Most commonly, feedbacks were provided on participant codings and site names. Using the tablet did not require staff, time or money for data entry and eliminated data entry errors. In general, staff prefered to use this data collection mode. Conclusions This mobile device application for data collection in routine HSS+ in Vietnam is feasible and accepted. However, harmonization and coordination from the central Global Fund PMU and provincial PMU will be required to successfully roll-out this system in all HSS+ provinces. This application in addition to ECDA help to improve data quality, due to timeliness of the data, is cost saving and reduces workload. Most importantly, better quality and timely data will facilitate preparation for timely local planning and response. References 1. Thanh DC et al. Brief behavioural surveys in routine HIV sentinel surveillance: a new tool for monitoring the HIV epidemic in Vietnam. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal. Vol 6, No. 1/2015 2. National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology. HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance in Vietnam. Hanoi, 2014. 3. https://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/mobile.html


Semantic clustering is an important and challenging task for content-based image database management. This paper proposes a semantic clustering learning technique, which collects the relevance feedback image retrieval transaction and uses hypergraph to represent images correlation ship, then obtains the semantic clusters by hypergraph partitioning. Experiments show that it is efficient and simple.


Qualitative reasoning is an important subfield of artificial intelligence where one describes relationships with qualitative, rather than numerical, relations. Many such reasoning tasks, e.g., Allen's interval algebra, can be solved in 2^O(n*log n) time, but single-exponential running times 2^O(n) are currently far out of reach.

In this paper we consider single-exponential algorithms via a multivariate analysis consisting of a fine-grained parameter n (e.g., the number of variables) and a coarse-grained parameter k expected to be relatively small.

We introduce the classes FPE and XE of problems solvable in f(k)*2^O(n), respectively f(k)^n, time, and prove several fundamental properties of these classes. We proceed by studying temporal reasoning problems and (1) show that the partially ordered time problem of effective width k is solvable in 16^{kn} time and is thus included in XE, and (2) that the network consistency problem for Allen's interval algebra with no interval overlapping with more than k others is solvable in (2nk)^{2k}*2^n time and is included in FPE. Our multivariate approach is in no way limited to these to specific problems and may be a generally useful approach for obtaining single-exponential algorithms.


In autonomous driving, several applications like teleoperated driving, back-end status verification, or online gaming for customer infotainment rely on low-latency communication. Ideally, we can select a route that best supports the applications' requirements before the journey. Therefore, route selection for autonomous vehicles might require in-advance latency predictions. End-to-end (E2E) latency prediction is a difficult task, especially when considering that it needs to be achieved with limited active probing due to cost constraints. We study continuous latency prediction and application feasibility assessment (in terms of meeting the applications' E2E latency requirements), using a custom-designed deep learning model that leverages feature engineering for prediction error reduction. We provide insights into the model behavior utilizing recent advances in explainable artificial intelligence. Moreover, we present a novel model-agnostic approach based on active learning to leverage passive probing data. A pre-trained model performs certainty sampling, predicts artificial labels to enlarge the training dataset, and trains iteratively on the augmented set. The results show a 5 % reduction in mean average error for continuous latency prediction and an increase of up to 2.8 % in macro F1 score due to the use of passive probing data.


This study evaluated the interactive effect of inoculation of Glomus mosseae, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and exogenous phosphorus (P) on growth, gas exchange, different nutrients, oil contents and composition in fruits of Coriander sativum L. Two contrasting concentrations of KH2PO4 (F0–without P, F1–100 mg kg−1) were applied. Soil P supply significantly promoted all growth parameters, P and N concentrations and most photosynthetic parameters of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. It also partially inhibitions soil acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased growth responses, plant nutrients (P and N in shoot and root tissues), ACP, ALP, total soluble proteins in root tissues, fruit yield and essential oil contents compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Those stimulations were related to the level of mycorrhizal colonization in the root tissues for each treatment. Mycorrhizal plants showed higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than nonmycorrhizal plants, especially in soil without added phosphorus. This suggests that an addition of soluble P to soil generally reduces the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization levels in coriander root tissues and consequently the mycorrhizal benefits. The results showed that coriander plants were highly dependent on AMF in non-fertilized soil when compared to fertilized soil with phosphorus. Essential oil content in plants inoculated was significantly higher than other treatments. Furthermore, oil composition improved with AMF inoculation. Linalool that enhance the essence quality, increased in inoculated plant compared to non-inoculated plants particularly in P deficient soil. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into coriander plants is a feasible alternative to increase growth, nutrition, essential oil production and reduce the use of P fertilizers required to obtain economic production of coriander under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.


Among the critical issues for the management of estuarine fish resources is the need to adequately identify the extent of use by recreational fishers, and the allocation of the resource between recreational and commercial users.

 Recreational anglers in estuaries often target a similar range of estuarine fish species to commercial fishers. Prior to the declaration of 'recreational fishing havens' (estuarine waters closed to commercial netting but remaining open to recreational angling) in many New South Wales (NSW) estuaries in May 2002, the estuary of the Manning River on the central NSW coast supported the tenth most productive commercial estuarine net fishery in the State. To quantify the recreational angling effort in the Manning River estuary, progressive counts were made of shore-based and boat-based anglers from a small power boat from June 2001 to May 2002. Sample days (eight per month) were chosen in a stratified random fashion, taking into account the proportions of weekends, public holidays and school holidays in each month. The total recreational angling effort exerted on the estuary for the 12-month period was 144 892 ± 3248 angler-hours, indicating a low to medium effort compared to other NSW estuaries of similar size. Over half of the effort was exerted in the section nearest the northern entrance at Harrington. There was relatively little variation in shore-based angling effort throughout the year, whereas boat-based fishing increased markedly in summer. Months that coincided with NSW school holidays were most popular, especially January. More recreational fishing effort was exerted in the afternoons than in the mornings during winter, but this trend was reversed in summer. Although daily effort was much higher on weekends than weekdays, the total cumulative effort was generally similar, due to the greater number of weekdays in the year.

 Pilot studies of catch per unit effort indicate that the recreational catch in the Manning River estuary is probably small compared to the pre-closure commercial catch. Therefore management strategies aimed at limiting the recreational catch are likely to have minimal impact on fish stocks in the estuary when compared with regulation of the commercial sector.


Arch Med Interna 37(3): 131-134 Since its introduction as a clinical entity by the Brugada brothers in the 90s, the Brugada syndrome has generated great interest due to their association with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in young patients with structurally normal heart. This is a dominant genetic disease, autosomal that determines abnormalities in ion channels in myocardial tis- sue. ECG has a characteristic presentation, its main clinical manifestations syncope and sudden cardiac death. The presence of electrocardiographic pattern only in clinical manifestations absence should not be considered as a Brugada syndrome but as a Brugada pattern. The only available and effective treatment is the implantation of a permanent cardioverter defibrillator. Our in- terest is an upgrade of the issue based on two clinical cases that we attended.


This paper investigates numerically the potential of ground floor linear tuned inerter damper (TID) to mitigate floor acceleration causing occupants' discomfort in wind-excited multi-storey buildings due to vortex shedding (VS) effects while generating electric energy. To this aim, TID stiffness and damping properties were optimally designed to minimize root mean square (RMS) floor acceleration at the top occupied floor for wide range of fixed inertance values, while an electromagnetic motor (EM), modelled as an ideal damper, was added to endorse energy harvesting capabilities to the TID. Numerical data pertaining to a 15-storey steel moment resisting frame structure with square floor plan, deficient to occupants' comfort (OC) code-prescribed criteria under moderate wind action, are furnished. Wind excitation is by a spatially-correlated across-wind force field accounting for VS effects. It is found that optimally designed ground floor TID can readily meet OC criteria without any structural modification (stiffening) which for the case-study building would require 67% increase of steel weight. It is further shown that increasing EM damping coefficient increases energy harvesting potential at the expense of increased floor accelerations. However, increasing TID inertance enhances simultaneously floor acceleration and energy harvesting performance. Hence, it is concluded that it is possible to increase energy generation in ground floor TID-equipped wind-excited multi-storey buildings without necessarily relaxing performance requirements in terms of floor accelerations through judicial changes to EM damping coefficient and/or inertance.


Following the announcement in March 2016 of the government's investment of £1.5 million in child prosthetics, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Devices for Dignity MedTech Co-operative were given the role of leading the £750,000 fund created to "incentivise the development of new breakthrough innovative prosthetic products for the NHS." The agreed approach was to pump-prime the formation of a Child Prosthetics Research Collaboration, which brought together children and their families with key opinion leaders from the NHS, industry, clinical academia and leading national research centres with capabilities in child prosthetics. The aim of this work was to increase research focus across the system to accelerate the translation of new inventions and developments in child prosthetics into everyday use. This initiative is centred on the needs of children, patient and families and the NHS and will ensure there is the ideal balance of 'clinical pull' and 'technical push' to create an energetic environment in which to innovate.

This talk will give an overview of the approach taken to developing a new, much-needed collaborative research network in the field of child prosthetics, including:
• Establishing the network
• A multi-stakeholder needs assessment, considering the perspectives of children and families, clinicians, academics and industry experts.
• A series of 'Sandpit' events, bringing together these key stakeholders to collaboratively explore and innovate in emergent challenge areas
• The funding of ten 'Proof of Concept' projects that respond to these challenge areas, whilst keeping children and families in the centre of the research focus.

As part of this talk, we are also pleased to confirm that Starworks has received further funding from the NIHR to continue to develop the network, reinforcing its current foundations and also extending its reach. We will give an insight into initial plans for 'Starworks 2', and hope that this talk will encourage families, clinicians, academics and industry experts to reach out to us, learn more, and help us to grow the network further.


The paper discusses the condition and perspective of the European Union in the knowledge economy and the feasibility of the goal given by the European Council at the Summits held in Lisbon (March 2000) and Barcelona (March 2002), that is, to increase European RD and intra-European distribution of resources and capabilities. A set of technological indicators is presented to show that Europe is still in a consistent delay when compared to Japan and the U.S., especially in R&D investment and in the generation of innovations. A small convergence occurs in the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the sector most directly linked to the concept of the "new economy." In the field of knowledge collaboration, Europe reveals opposing paths in the business and in the academic worlds. Within Europe, the level of investment in scientific and technological activities is so different across countries that it does not merge into a single continental innovation system.


We report three studies in which methodologies from psychophysics are adapted to investigate context effects on individual financial decision-making under risk. The aim was to determine how the range and the rank of the options offered as saving amounts and levels of investment risk influence people's decisions about these variables. In the range manipulation, participants were presented with either a full range of choice options or a limited subset, while in the rank manipulation they were presented with a skewed set of feasible options. The results showed that choices are affected by the position of each option in the range and the rank of presented options, which suggests that judgments and choices are relative. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This autobiography of mathematician Stanislaw Ulam, one of the great scientific minds of the twentieth century, tells a story rich with amazingly prophetic speculations and peppered with lively anecdotes. As a member of the Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1944 on, Ulam helped to precipitate some of the most dramatic changes of the postwar world. He was among the first to use and advocate computers for scientific research, originated ideas for the nuclear propulsion of space vehicles, and made fundamental contributions to many of today's most challenging mathematical projects. With his wide-ranging interests, Ulam never emphasized the importance of his contributions to the research that resulted in the hydrogen bomb. Now Daniel Hirsch and William Mathews reveal the true story of Ulam's pivotal role in the making of the 'Super,' in their historical introduction to this behind-the-scenes look at the minds and ideas that ushered in the nuclear age. It includes an epilogue by Francoise Ulam and Jan Mycielski that sheds new light on Ulam's character and mathematical originality.


A series of eight fertilizer N rates, ranging from 0 to 377 kg N/ha per year, at increments of 53.8 kg N, was applied to a S170 tall fescue/SlOO white clover sward. The annual rates were split into 8, 6 or 4 equal dressings for harvests at intervals of 3, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, over a 24-week growth period from March to September, in each of two years. Residual harvests were taken 6 weeks later in October.

Curves relating annual herbage yields to N rate were fitted to tbe data. Total herbage DM responses to 108 kg N/ha were small because of the typical white clover yield N rate interaction, but were almost linear from 108 to 323 kg N/ha at all harvesting frequencies. Tbe decline in rate of response at tbe bigher N application levels was less marked with frequent than with infrequent defoliation. Tall fescue DM responses were substantially linear from 0 to 323 kg N/ha. For the first and second years, relative DM yields of total herbage for harvesting frequencies of 3, 4 and 6 weeks were 100:108:120 and 100:111:131, respectively.

Total herbage CP response curves were similar to those for DM, but continued to rise more steeply to the highest N rate tested, 377 kg N/ha. Tall fescue CP responses were linear from 0 to 377 kg N/ha. Harvesting frequency did not markedly influence CP yields.

Total herbage DM yield was 14% less in the second year compared witb the first. The decline was due to a reduction in white clover, attributed mainly to the effect of repeated N applications, also the subsidiary effects of companion grass and weather.


Online life is usually held to present particular problems for ethnography as it is hidden and ambiguous, and boundaries are not clear. However, ethnography and online daily life are similar procedures in which people go about constructing 'culture' to make sense of others and interact with a degree of predictability. Ethnographers can learn about culture and society by learning how people themselves go about understanding and making those processes. We further, do not have to expect that the reality we describe will be completely ordered, even though the simplifications of constructing 'culture' might make this seem inevitable. Disorder can be socially important.


Metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be manufactured by infiltrating a melting matrix alloy into hard powders — such as silicon carbide and tungsten carbide — loaded in a graphite mold and quenched to achieve a specific quenching temperature profile for proper solidification. Water quench is a widely used quenching technique within the aluminum and steel industry. It is more common to apply numerical simulation to optimize process parameters and help improve product quality, which depends upon reliable boundary conditions (e.g., heat flux or heat transfer coefficient); however, heat transfer coefficient changes with surface temperature and water flow rate. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient in the discussed manufacturing process was never quantified. A combined experimental and simulation method to investigate heat transfer coefficient of the external surface of the graphite mold associated with water quenching is proposed. Firstly, the heat flux from the graphite mold is measured, which varies with water flow rate, mold surface temperature, nozzle arrangement, and water flow pattern. Without modifying the hardware design, this study focuses on the effects of water flow rate and mold surface temperature on surface heat flux. Secondly, the temperature distribution within the mold is used to inversely determine the heat transfer coefficient by solving an inversed optimization problem.


The Jump is an online life stage magazine for women, focused on the transition from college life to the real world. The magazine's target audience is women ages 19 and 25 who have recently graduated from college or will soon graduate. These women are interested in a luxury lifestyle and current trends, but also value budgeting and their careers. They are also newcomers to real world. The Jump answers the questions about home décor, cooking, fashion, beauty, and budgeting in a simple way that is tailored to their stage in life. Each department of The Jump – musings, home, eat, style, beauty, budget – informs and educates young women about practical problems they will face after graduation. For example the front-of-book section, Musings, is packed full of short inspiring service stories for The Jump reader. Some of the Musings' articles for the May issue include an informative tanning piece and an article about tracking money when living with multiple roommates. Each of the stories in Musings is simple, relevant, and inspirational. The rest of the departments focus in on their given topic while again taking into consideration the limitations and day-to-day issues a 20-something post-graduate women would be facing. This narrow focus is continued throughout the entire publication. For example the home section shows the reader how to create a beautiful apartment décor, while using their college bedding and existing furniture. The beauty section includes a story about an office appropriate makeup look anyone could achieve in less than 10 minutes. Finally the budgeting section shows readers how to track and take charge of their money. The Jump shows the readers how to manage their money using the latest online management tools. The Jump fills the obvious gap present in women's magazines today. Plenty of magazines focus on decorating a home in your 40's, but there is very little credible advice out there for 20-something's. The Jump will become that credible source. Because the magazine is online, the readers can access the publication from any platform that can reach the Internet. That means answers to your questions are just a click away. This also means the publication will be free and primarily driven by advertising, which opens up the magazine to a much bigger audience. Though The Jump is, at the moment, only a magazine, I see The Jump becoming an entire website with a monthly publication. I think a constantly updated blog that answers readers' additional questions is a necessary addition to The Jump. This would open the dialogue between the magazine and the readers, which is exactly what The Jump aims to do. The Jump wants to answer the terrifying questions you have about 20-something life.


With its inception at the end of the nineteenth century as a means of consolidation and reorganization, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have since become quasi-institutionalized as one of the primary strategic options for organizations, as they seek to secure their position in an ever more competitive and globalizing market place. Despite the optimism surrounding M&A as strategic moves, research on post-merger company performance suggests that most firms engaging in M&A activity do not achieve the sought-after performance targets, either immediately or in the years following the deal. What is it that drives M&A activity when research results do not support the performance expectations of these undertakings? Alternatively, have M&A scholars got it all wrong in the way that M&A performance is measured? Is the topic too complex, enduring, and multifaceted to study? The Handbook argues that the field of M&A is in need of a re-rooting: past research needs to be critically reviewed, and fundamental assumptions revisited. A key issue preventing efforts in the practice and study of M&A from achieving dynamic syntheses has been the disciplinary gulf separating strategy, finance, and human relations schools. The Handbook aims to bridge the hitherto separate disciplines engaged in the study and practice of M&A to provide more meaningful results. Toward this end, the Handbook brings together a set of prominent and emerging scholars and practitioners engaged in the study of M&A to provide thought-provoking, state of the art overviews of M&A through four specific 'lenses' - strategic, financial, socio-cultural, and sectorial approaches. By summarizing key findings in current research and exploring ways in which the differing approaches could and should be 'synthesized', it aims to highlight the key issues facing M&A practitioners and academics at the dawn of the third millennium. Contributors to this volume - Professor Duncan Angwin, Professor of Strategy, Oxford Brookes University, ENPC, Paris and Associate Fellow, Warwick Business School Maria Carapeto, Senior Lecturer in Finance and Deputy Director of the M&A Research Centre, Cass Business School, City University London Professor Susan Cartwright, Professor of Organizational Psychology and Well-Being, Lancaster University, and Director of the Centre for Organizational Health and Well Being Professor John Child, Emeritus Professor, Birmingham Business School and Visiting Professor at the University of Hong Kong Professor Viktoria Dalko, Global Professor of Finance, Hult International Business School Professor Rolf van Dick, Professor of Social Psychology, the Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Professor Gary Dymski, Professor of Economics, the University of California, Riverside Dr Samantha Fairclough, the Deloitte & Touche Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Strategic Management and Organization, the School of Business, the University of Alberta, and Associate Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Novak Druce Centre for Professional Service Firms, Said Business School, the University of Oxford L Nicholas Fairclough, doctoral candidate, the Department of Strategic Management and Organization, the University of Alberta Dr Steffen R. Giessner, Associate Professor, the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Dr Jerayr Haleblian, Associate Professor of Management, University of California-Riverside Elina Happonen, Analyst at Nordea Finland School of Professor Michael Hitt, Distinguished Professor of Management, Texas A&M University and the Joe B. Foster Chair in Business Leadership Dr Sajjad M. Jasimuddin, Lecturer, the School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Associate Professor, the University of Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Visiting Professor, Dalian University of Foreign Languages (China) Professor Prashant Kale, Professor of Strategic Management, the Jones School of Management, Rice University Professor Thomas Keil, Professor of Strategic Management, Aalto University, Finland Dr Adelaide Wilcox King, Associate Professor, the McIntire School of Commerce, the University of Virginia Dr David R. King, Associate Professor, the College of Business Administration, Marquette University Kalin Kolev, doctoral student in strategic management, Michigan State University Professor Hema Krishnan, Associate Dean and Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship, Xavier University, Cincinnati Professor Tomi Laamanen, Professor of Strategic Management, University of St Gallen, Switzerland Aino Makisalo, Analyst at Roschier Dr Marianna Makri, Associate Professor, the School of Business Administration, the University of Miami Professor Gerry McNamara, Professor of Management at Michigan State University Professor Brendan McSweeney, Professor of Management, Royal Holloway University, London and Visiting Professor, Stockholm Business School, University of Stockholm Professor Scott Moeller, Director and Founder of the M&A Research Centre and Professor in the Practice of Finance, Cass Business School Professor Vassilis M. Papadakis, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Business Administration, the Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB), Greece Dr Robert Pitkethly, Fellow and Tutor in Management, St. Peter's College, Oxford Professor Annette L. Ranft, the Jim Moran Professor of Management, Florida State University Professor Bill Ryan, Professor of Accounting, Hult International Business School, London Dr Mario Schijven, Assistant Professor of Management, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University Professor Lars Schweizer, the UBS-Endowed Professor for Management, Goethe University Frankfurt, and Associate Dean of Goethe Business School Jennifer C. Sexton, Doctoral Candidate, Florida State University Professor Katsuhiko (Katsu) Shimizu, Professor of Organization Theory and Strategic Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Japan Professor Harbir Singh, the William and Phyllis Mack Professor of Management and former Chair of the Management Department, the Wharton School of Business Professor Sudi Sudarsanam, Emeritus Professor of Finance and Corporate Control, Cranfield School of Management Ioannis C. Thanos, PhD, the Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB), Greece Professor Janne Tienari, Professor of Organizations and Management, Aalto University, School of Economics, Finland Dr Johannes Ullrich, Privat dozent in the Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Professor Eero Vaara, Professor of Management and Organization, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland, and permanent Visiting Professor at EM Lyon Business School, France Professor Philippe Very, Professor of Strategic Management, EDHEC Business School, France Dr Hong Zhu, Assistant Professor, Department of Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong


Objective: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women in South Africa. This study evaluates DNA methylation levels in cervical (pre)cancer and aims to assess the value of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing and methylation analysis, alone or in combination, on physician-taken cervical scrapes to detect cervical cancer, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) in an HIV-infected South African population. Design: Prospective observational multicentre cohort study. Methods: Women from a cohort of women living with HIV (n = 355) and a referral cohort (n = 109, 60% HIV seropositive) were included. Cervical scrapes were collected for hrHPV testing and methylation analysis of cell adhesion molecule 1, T-lymphocyte maturation-associated protein, and microRNA124-2 genes. Histologic endpoints were available for all participants. Performance for detection of CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) was determined in the cohort of women living with HIV and different testing strategies were compared. Results: HrHPV and methylation positivity rates increased with severity of cervical disease in the two study cohorts, each reaching 100% in samples of women with carcinoma. HrHPV testing showed a sensitivity for CIN3+ of 83.6%, at a specificity of 67.7%. Methylation analysis showed a comparable CIN3+ sensitivity of 85.2%, but a significantly lower specificity of 49.6%. HrHPV testing with reflex methylation analysis showed a CIN3+ sensitivity of 73.8%, at a specificity of 81.5%. Conclusion: In this HIV-infected South African population, stratifying hrHPV-positive women with reflex methylation analysis detects all cervical carcinomas and yields an acceptable sensitivity and specificity for CIN3+.


Elastin, as one of the major extracellular matrix (ECM) components, is essential to accommodate physiological deformation and provide elastic support for blood vessels. Elastin is a long-lived ECM protein and it can suffer from cumulative effects of exposure to chemical damage, which can greatly compromise its biomechanical properties. The mechanical properties of elastin are related to its microstructure and the chemical environment. Glucose is an important carbohydrate in human body. The effect of glucose on the mechanical properties of blood vessels is especially magnified in diabetic patients [1]. Glucose can directly condense with amino groups of proteins by nonenzymatic glycation, which is one of the main mechanisms of aging [2].Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ligation of P2X(7) receptors expressed on human macrophages that are infected with mycobacteria induces cell death and subsequent loss of intracellular bacterial viability. Marked heterogeneity observed in cell donor ATP responsiveness suggests that this antimycobacterial mechanism may be genetically regulated. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in a putative 1.8-kb promoter region upstream of P2RX7 exon 1 were screened for associations with clinical tuberculosis. The frequencies of these promoter SNPs and a polymorphism in P2RX7 exon 13 at position 1513 were compared among >300 Gambian patients with tuberculosis and >160 ethnically matched control subjects by sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and ligation detection reaction analysis. A significant protective association against tuberculosis was found for 1 promoter SNP, at nucleotide position -762 (odds ratio [OR] for variant C allele, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.89; P=.003; OR for CC genotype, 0.545; 95% CI, 0.318-0.934; P=.027). This association supports a role for ATP/P2X(7)-mediated host regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.


Agricultural credit is one of the most crucial inputs in all agricultural development programmes. Access of rural credit has still remained scarce in India. Primary Agriculture Credit Societies (PACS) working at grass-root level, having direct contact with the rural people and meet their financial requirements. The problem of loan overdue is a serious concern in different regions of the country, as it affects the recycling of funds and loses its economic viability as a lending institution. The present study examines the recovery performance of rural credit given by PACS in six different regions of India namely Central, Northern, Southern, Eastern, North-East and Western. The result suggests that the performance of credit recovery has been low in north-eastern states and high in northern and southern states. Recovery performance of credit is directly proportional to non-agricultural loan to agricultural loan, trained-untrained staff ratio and average member per society and inversely related with proportion of government capital to working capital and real growth rates at constant price. To make all PACS viable and ensure adequate and timely flow of credit, appropriate policies are required from the Reserve Bank of India in collaboration with State Governments.


The behaviour of digital sun-sensors and associated super-resolution algorithms was explored. Using calibration data, a method was proposed to model the peak width of peaks across the image array. Using this with the non-linear least square algorithm gave improved performance across the field-of-view. A test was proposed that would measure precision for small sensor motions. Also, a method of accounting for local bias error was given. The small motion test defined limits at which the sensor detects motion, and the precision test gave metrics to measure how well the sensor renders motion. Finally, an extended kalman filter was developed that used sun-vector measurements, in addition to a new relative measurement. This was tested using a well-defined sensor as well as a generic sensor for which few error data were known. Results indicate that relative measurements only improve performance if random noise is low.


Abstract. The identification of atmospheric CO2 observation data which are minimally influenced by very local emissions/removals is essential for trend analysis, for the estimation of regional sources and sinks, and for the modeling of long-range transport of CO2. In this study, four approaches are used to filter the atmospheric CO2 observation records from 2009 to 2011 at one World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) regional station (Lin'an, LAN) in China. The methods are based on the concentration of atmospheric black carbon (BC), on a statistical approach (robust extraction of baseline signal, REBS), on CH4 as an auxiliary tracer (AUX), and on meteorological parameters (MET). All approaches do suitably well to capture the seasonal CO2 cycle at LAN. Differences are observed in the average regional mole fractions with annual values in the REBS method at least 1.7 ± 0.2 ppm higher than the other methods. The BC method may underestimate the regional CO2 mole fractions during the winter–spring period and should be treated with caution. The REBS method is a purely statistical method and it may also introduce errors on the regional CO2 mole fraction evaluations, as the filtered trend may be influenced by the "noisy" raw data series. Although there are correlations between CH4 and CO2 mole fractions at LAN, the different source/sink regimes may introduce bias on the regional CO2 estimation in the AUX method, typically in summer. Overall, the MET method seems to be the most favorable because it mainly focuses on the influence of potential local sources and sinks, and considers diurnal variations and meteorological conditions. Using the MET method, the annual growth rate of regional CO2 at LAN is determined to be 3.1 ± 0.01 ppm yr−1 (standard error) from 2009 to 2011.


Plasmonic Archimedean spiral modes on concentric silver (Ag) ring gratings are investigated by FDTD simulations and theoretical analyses. These modes are generated by placing the ring grating under an Ag nanorod to extract the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of spiral surface plasmon (SSP) modes on the nanorod and transform it into the orbital motion of SP on the grating. The formation of Archimedean spiral patterns is ascribed to two factors: both the r- and θ-directional wavevectors are conserved for SSP on nanorod coupling into SP on ring grating and both the r- and θ-directional velocities of SP keep unchanged when it propagates on the ring grating. The number of strands of Archimedean spiral pattern is determined by the topological charge of SSP mode. The plasmonic Archimedean spiral modes have potential applications in the fields of data storage, dielectric microparticle manipulation, biosensing and directional switching.


Purpose - This study aims to investigate the behaviour of pay-out policy of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed firms preceding and following financial crisis to see whether dividend policy appears as significant measure to protect the general shareholders' interest following the crisis in 1997-1998. Design/methodology/approach - Ordinary least square models are tested on DSE data preceding (1988-1997) and following the financial crisis (1999-2003), on which no other study has been conducted yet. Findings - The empirical results fail to trace noticeable improvements in pay-out policy following the market crisis. Research limitations/implications - Dividend policy does not appear as a significant measure to protect the shareholders' interest in the emerging market of Bangladesh and regulatory reforms following the financial crisis in 1997-1998 appears as ineffective in Bangladesh. Originality/value - The unique features of this study are that it is the first study of this kind in the stock market of Bangladesh and the data are captured preceding and following the financial crisis in 1997-1998.


This article assesses two contending global theories of justice (cosmopolitanism and statism) in light of the role that ideal and non-ideal considerations should play in political theory. It starts with a distinction between ideal and non-ideal and it proceeds to show how both statists and cosmopolitans are ideal when non-ideal considerations should prevail and how both are non-ideal when ideal theorising is required. This view is assessed with reference to two issues on which statists and cosmopolitans appear particularly divided: the relevance of states and the principles of global justice. With regard to the former, the article shows that the discussion on states is ideal (discussing the place of special associative relations in normative justifications of distributive equality) when it should be non-ideal (emphasising the role of states as the most relevant agents of justice in real-world circumstances). On the second issue, it illustrates how the discussion on principles is non-ideal (limited to assessing the consequences of global poverty in unfavourable conditions) when it should be ideal (investigating the grounds of injustice at the appropriately fundamental level). The article concludes by sketching an alternative analysis of global justice which is able to accommodate some statist and cosmopolitan concerns but which avoids the criticisms that each theory usually attracts.


Summary Although major advances have taken place in recent years in the engineering and control of landfill operations, the generation of highly polluting leachates as water percolates through wastes remains a major consideration. Despite the fact that many leachates contain high proportions of readily degradable organic materials and are frequently treated successfully at sewage treatment works for discharge to surface waters, in the United Kingdom very few facilities have been constructed on landfill sites for the treatment of leachate. In the Federal Republic of Germany research, which has been stimulated by changes in legislation, has resulted in the construction of several relatively sophisticated leachate treatment plants since the later 1970s. These have been designed to very high standards, but only at very high costs (of up to £4 for every m3 treated). It is considered that on-site aerobic biological treatment systems will become more common in the UK, as individual landfill sites continue to increase in size and also as research results allow process designs to be optimized further. It is therefore appropriate that geological assessments of the suitability of landfill sites are made in the light of research and experience, in particular as advances are made in the technology of leachate treatment.


A mafic complex of hornblende-rich, gneissic to granoblastic, amphibolite- to granulite-grade metamorphic rocks and associated mafic to felsic magmatic rocks is exposed over an area of some 300 km2 in the southernmost Sierra Nevada. The mafic complex probably reflects a deeper exposed crustal level than is represented by the dominantly granitic terrane of the Sierra Nevada batholith to the north, and it may be the upper part of the root zone and metamorphic substrate of the Sierra Nevada batholith. Xenoliths of gneiss, amphibolite, and granulite from subbatholithic levels, transported upward and preserved in volcanic rocks in the central Sierra Nevada, are possible analogues of some of the rocks of the southernmost Sierra Nevada mafic complex.


Sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus is a species of freshwater goby in demand in Australian markets by consumers of Asian origin. It is related to marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus, the most expensive freshwater food fish in Asia, which is cultured throughout southeast Asia in ponds and cages. The performance of sleepy cod in culture conditions was investigated to assess the viability of farming them in northern Australia. Sleepy cod fingerlings (62.8 +/- 0.8 mm total length and 2.56 +/- 0.095 g) were stocked into experimental ponds at 32,857 fish/ha, and grown out for 8 mo.

Shelter was provided in each of three replicate ponds and was absent in three control ponds. The provision of shelter in juvenile growout was found to be of no benefit, although fish in ponds provided with shelter weighed slightly more per unit length than fish in ponds without shelter. Cannibalism was not a problem in growout, and survival was close to 100%. After the shelter trial was completed, fish were graded into large and small classes (three replicates of each), and grown out without shelter at the same density for 158 d. Following that, fish were again graded, and the largest 30% retained from growout at a density of 8,857 fish/ha (large, 198 +/-6.44 g) or 10,000 fish/ha (small, 48.9 +/-1.27 g). These were grown out for 188 d.

Growth of selected stock at low densities was slower than earlier growth rates, although smaller fish gained weight more rapidly than larger fish. Growth rates were better than the only published data for marble goby. Further investigation into high density culture and different genotypes of sleepy cod needs to be undertaken to determine the viability of pond culture.


This paper addresses trajectory planning in dynamic workspaces, for a robot subject to dynamic constraints and moving in a dynamic workspace. The case of a car-like robot A with bounded velocity and acceleration, moving in a dynamic two-dimensional workspace is considered. The solution proposed is an extension of the path-velocity decomposition that addresses motion planning in two complementary stages: (a) planning a geometric path and (b) planning the velocity along this path. Path-velocity decomposition is a practical way to address trajectory planning in dynamic workspaces since it decomposes the original problem into two more simple sub-problems. However, it presents a serious drawback: it cannot find a solution if a moving obstacle stops right on the computed path. A possible answers to this problem were to consider a set of candidate paths. The answer proposed in this paper makes use of the novel concept of adjacent paths. (like adjacent lanes of the roadway). A set of adjacent paths, one of which leads A to its goal, are computed. Then, assuming that A is able to freely shift from one path to an adjacent one, the motion of A along and between these paths is determined so as to avoid the moving obstacles while respecting 's dynamic constraints. The fact that it is possible to switch several times between two adjacent paths makes this approach more flexible and more powerful than one considering candidate paths.


The mechanism of the antiulcer effect of omeprazole was studied placing emphasis on its role to block oxidative damage and apoptosis during ulceration. Dose-response studies on gastroprotection in stress and indomethacin-induced ulcer and inhibition of pylorus ligation-induced acid secretion indicate that omeprazole significantly blocks gastric lesions at lower dose (2.5 mg/kg) without inhibiting acid secretion, suggesting an independent mechanism for its antiulcer effect. Time course studies on gastroprotection and acid reduction also indicate that omeprazole almost completely blocks lesions at 1 h when acid inhibition is partial. The severity of lesions correlates well with the increased level of endogenous hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), which when scavenged by dimethyl sulfoxide causes around 90% reduction of the lesions, indicating that ⋅OH plays a major role in gastric damage. Omeprazole blocks stress-induced increased generation of ⋅OH and associated lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, indicating that its antioxidant role plays a major part in preventing oxidative damage. Omeprazole also prevents stress-induced DNA fragmentation, suggesting its antiapoptotic role to block cell death during ulceration. The oxidative damage of DNA by ⋅OH generated in vitro is also protected by omeprazole or its analogue, lansoprazole. Lansoprazole when incubated in a ⋅OH-generating system scavenges⋅OH to produce four oxidation products of which the major one in mass spectroscopy shows a molecular ion peak atm/z 385, which is 16 mass units higher than that of lansoprazole (m/z 369). The product shows no additional aromatic proton signal for aromatic hydroxylation in 1H NMR. The product absorbing at 278 nm shows no alkaline shift for phenols, thereby excluding the formation of hydroxylansoprazole. The product is assigned to lansoprazole sulfone formed by the addition of one oxygen atom at the sulfur center following attack by the ⋅OH. Thus, omeprazole plays a significant role in gastroprotection by acting as a potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic molecule.


Financial management is emerging as a critical force in everyday management. The continuing upward spiral of inflation, rising cost of governmental programs, and citizens' demands for better cost-effective delivery of goods and services are forcing public managers and other not-for-profit organizations to make creative use of their scarce financial resources. In this new and updated edition, chapters place new and special emphasis on ceiling and target base budget estimating, ratio analysis, TQM, and internal control cost systems. Accountability is given a fresh approach, as it deals with the complicated issues of today's nonprofit organizations. This volume is imperative reading for managers, administrators, scholars, teachers, and students of financial management of public and nonprofit organizations, including the health care industry, public affairs, political science, as well as schools of public health and social work. New measurement indicator terms that have recently entered the literature are introduced, showing how they are linked to accountability and TQM. Recent developments in revenue, purchasing and inventory, cash, risk management borrowing, and debt management are also incorporated. Particular emphasis is given to performance measurements and their linkage to budgeting and management. The PPBS system that has been developed in response to the dissatisfaction with traditional line-item and performance budgeting is given its own, in-depth chapter and analysis. An important section of the book addresses fraud, waste, and abuse. Because financial management is the only activity that touches every employee in an organization, this is an indispensable book for managers on the state and local level.


Oil palm development in Bireuen very important to increase the regional incomes, however, is also faced with the danger of land resources and environmental damage because it sited in an area with a slope 15-35%, with land capability class III – VII. This study aimed to obtain soil and water conservation techniques are most appropriate and optimal in each land capability class. The studies were conducting by Experimental Method (Standard Erosion Plot). Testing of soil and water conservation techniques was done with land capability base. On land capability class III was tested four treatments, namely: the system of farmers; individual terrace (horseshoe); individual terraces + strips plant; cover crops + organic fertilizer.Land in class IV was tested  four treatments, namely: the system of farmers; sediment trap; sediment trap + vertical mulching; sediment trap + cover crops + organic fertilizer. Results of measurements of surface runoff and erosion on land capability class III, soil conservation techniques capable of suppressing erosion compared to the control treatment, in this case the best treatment is the cover crops and organic fertilizers. Cover crops and organic fertilizers is able to suppress runoff and erosion by 23.73% and 27.29% compared to controls. As well as the application of soil conservation techniques in land capability class IV with sediment trap + cover crop and organic fertilizer is very effective in controlling runoff and erosion to 45.81 and 45.63% compared to controls.


The love of ruins has generated various epistemes and disciplines: In the sixteenth century it informed philology, in the nineteenth century historiography and criminology. Its status has changed from an allegorical one in the Renaissance to a literal, positivistic one at the beginning of the twentieth century. Johann Gustav Droysen was among the first who reflected the positivistic treatment of ruins systematically. The Prussian historiographer formulated a theory of remains including both written documents and material objects. In the twentieth century the positivistic view lost its appeal for scholars. They began to question the supposed ability of ruins to access the past. The physicality of remains was no longer trusted to guide the process of memory. This disillusion in the power of remains led to a practice of mere tabulation where statistics instead of historical narrative were generated. The contemporary philosopher Giorgio Agamben proposes yet another way of dealing with remains. He liberates ruins from their materialistic shell altogether and takes them consequently in their discursive form as that which is and which is in language.


THE EFFECTS ON STUDENTS WHEN CROSS-AGE TFACHING IS A PART OF THE CIASSROOM PROCEDURES A canparison of Cranston High School East food and nutrition students was conducted to determine if achievement varied as a result of cross-age teaching. The initial sample for this study was obtained by a random selection of sixty of the approximately one hundred twenty-five foods and nutrition students at Cranston High School East. The participants (students) were then further divided into four groups of approximately fifteen students. 'IWo of the four groups were randomly selected to be the control and two groups were selected to "Be the experimental groups. At the beginning of the study, both the experimental and control groups were administered a pretest prepared by the researcher. The pretest was used as an indicator to determine if there were any initial differences in background knowledge of the new unit to be taught. The unit, "Preparing Nutritious :Meals During Various Stages of the Life Cycle," consisting of twelve twenty-five minute lessons was taught ot all groups of students. Although students were told they were participating in an educational experiment to control for the ''Hawthorne Effect",the experimental group was aware they were going to teach the subject matter to either a group of senior citizens or iv elementary school children. Participants in the experimental group were provided with two class periods to plan and finalize their lessons and visuals and two class periods to teach while the control group received review instructions during these four class periods. Frequently used review methods for the control group included nutritional games, discussions, written computation, oral presentation, debates, and audio-visual aids . 1'lll objective post-test on food and nutrition developed by the researcher was used as the indicator of achievement . The post-test was reviewed and revised for content validity by two Cranston High School East food and nutrition teachers, two home economics education associate professors at the University of Rhode Island, and one nutritionist from the Food and Nutritional Science Department . Using the two-tailed t-test for independent samples, the mean obtained by the exeprimental and control groups were sufficiently different to reject the null hypothesis at the .01 level of significance. The Kuder-Richardson Rationale Equivalence Test for the posttest indicated a reliability of .83. This study provided evidence that high school students who have the opportunity to teach food and nutrition to others will learn rrore about nutrition information than students who have been taught by the traditional teching teclmiques.


To the Editor: Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitide that is endemic in many developing countries. In its classic form, it results from ingesting fecally contaminated water that carries hepatitis E virus (HEV), and it frequently resolves without treatment. When hepatitis E is imported to the United States, it originates mainly from persons who have acquired HEV genotype 1 infection from South Asia (1). We report imported HEV genotype 4 infection (Technical Appendix Figure, panel A) in a patient during which cirrhosis and fatal hepatic decompensation ensued.

The patient was a 68-year-old man of Chinese ethnicity who had been a California resident since 1985. He sought treatment for mild jaundice in April 2013 in Hong Kong, where he had been staying for 7 weeks. Sixteen years before, he had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center (Palo Alto, California, USA) for hepatitis B cirrhosis. Since then, he had received entecavir and tacrolimus for maintenance and had been vaccinated against hepatitis A virus. Until his current illness, routine liver function tests had not indicated hepatic dysfunction (values in November 2012: alanine aminotransferase 2 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase 24 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 67 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.5 mg/dL).

When the patient returned to the United States, 3 weeks after onset of jaundice, the initial work-up showed the following values: alanine aminotransferase 149 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase 59 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 193 IU/L, total bilirubin 2.8 mg/dL (Technical Appendix Figure, panel B). Hepatitis B virus DNA and antinuclear antibodies were not detected, and the tacrolimus level was stable. Ultrasound revealed a normal transplanted liver. A liver biopsy specimen showed mild portal, biliary, and lobular inflammation and early biliary injury (Figure, panels A, B). The prednisone dosage was escalated, and mycophenolate mofetil was added. Liver enzyme activity showed some improvement, but the bilirubin level continued to rise (Technical Appendix Figure, panel B).

Figure

Serial histologic changes in liver of the patient who received a diagnosis of hepatitis E after a visit to Hong Kong in 2013 (A and B: at first biopsy; C and D: second biopsy; E and F: third biopsy. A) Mild mixed portal infiltration; minimal lobular inflammation; ...

A biopsy specimen taken 3 months later showed grade 3 hepatitis with bile ductular reaction, bridging hepatocytic necrosis and fibrosis, and regenerative nodule formation (Figure, panels C, D). A blood sample taken about this time tested positive for HEV RNA. The patient was then given ribavirin (1,000 mg/d). Before hepatitis E was diagnosed, tacrolimus was given (1 mg 2×/d); when the diagnosis was confirmed, the tacrolimus dose was reduced to 0.5 mg every other day. Four months after the patient sought treatment, ascites was noted. Ribavirin was stopped because of pancytopenia. Blood samples subsequently tested negative for HEV RNA, but HEV IgM and IgG were found. Hepatic function did not improve.

Eight months after onset of the patient's condition, marked hepatic decompensation occurred (Technical Appendix Figure), culminating in esophageal variceal hemorrhage. The patient was placed on a waiting list and then underwent liver transplantation, but he died during the operation from complications of hemorrhage. Biopsy of the liver explant revealed intense lobular inflammation with the hepatocellular reactive changes persisting and stage IV fibrosis (Figure, panels E, F).

The patient had lived and worked in Hong Kong before he became a resident of the United States. He had not visited Hong Kong in the 3 years preceding his most recent trip, nor had he traveled to Europe. Review of his medical records revealed no evidence of hepatic dysfunction after his previous travels. Considering that his most recent visit to Hong Kong coincided with the incubation period of hepatitis E (2), he most likely acquired HEV genotype 4 infection during that visit.

In China over the past decade, national notifications of HEV infection have risen, with 28,232 cases reported in 2013 (3). In Hong Kong, where a rising trend in hepatitis E notifications also has been observed (150 cases reported in 2012 [4]), HEV infections are almost all associated with HEV genotype 4 (5).

This patient's HEV subgenomic sequence was closely related to human and porcine HEV genotype 4 sequences reported from mainland China and Hong Kong (Technical Appendix Figure, panel A). Porcine liver has been implicated as a possible HEV transmission vehicle in that region (6); although we do not know whether the patient ate food that carried HEV, the possibility underscores the importance of avoiding eating inadequately cooked animal-derived food products during international travel (2).

Chronic hepatitis with accelerated cirrhosis has been reported in solid-organ transplant recipients infected with HEV genotype 3, but not with genotype 4 (7). Serial liver biopsy specimens from the patient showed persistent and worsening hepatitis and rapid onset of fibrosis that intensified (Technical Appendix Figure, panel B).

Testing for HEV infection is recommended during initial assessments of posttransplant hepatic dysfunction because histologic appearances in liver biopsy specimens may not clearly distinguish between graft rejection and acute viral hepatitis (Figure, panels A, B). Early diagnosis of hepatitis E should lead to prompt administration of antiviral therapy and appropriate adjustments to the immunosuppressant drug regimen, particularly because some drugs can exert opposing effects on HEV replication (8).

Technical Appendix. A) Phylogenetic tree comparing a 258-nt sequence within hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 1 ((1)1) of the patient who visited Hong Kong in 2013 with corresponding, representative GenBank sequences. Included is a corresponding sequence from patient A, a 63-year-old Caucasian man, a resident of Alabama, in whom acute, self-resolving hepatitis developed 5 weeks after he returned from a 2-week visit to Shandong, China. Numerals beside each sequence denote year of sequence reporting; alphanumerics denote GenBank accession numbers. GT, genotype; CH, China; HK, Hong Kong; MX, Mexico; US, United States. B) Chronology of changes in liver function and hepatitis E markers in the patient.

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A comprehensive theoretical development, confirmed by inplant measurements, will be summarized showing the dependence of condenser air in-leakage and exhauster capacity on build up of excess back pressure caused by the establishment of a zone of stagnation near the condenser's air removal section. It has been generally believed that there will not be a zone of stagnation and an associated excess back pressure, above the design pressure, provided the exhauster capacity for air removal remains higher than the air in-leakage regardless of the leakage size. This paper will show, however, that excess back pressure can occur at high air in-leakage, even though exhauster capacity is adequate. A gradual increase in the concentration of non-condensables as steam scavenges these gases toward the air removal section is presented. This results in a reduction of individual tube heat transfer coefficient in the high air concentration region which is accompanied by an increase in condenser pressure. It will be shown that this may be the condition of heat transfer reduction that many authors have used throughout the 20th century to describe the effect of air on all tubes in the condenser. An associated condition will also be discussed related to subcooling of the gas and vapor space between tubes within the region of reduced heat transfer. With high air in-leakage and high exhauster capacity, it will be shown that near the air removal section the large amount of air flow will scavenge steam through the subcooled region, directed toward the vent line, causing generation of a condensate mist that becomes suspended in the moving air. The reported theoretical explanation is derived using a condenser model developed earlier by the author. The results are confirmed from measurement data taken on an operating plant using a RheoVac® condenser performance and diagnostic instrument, the description of which may be found in the open literature.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Questions which prompted interest in this area of research in 1988: Has the introduction of the National Curriculum with its concomitant statutory requirements made any measurable difference to students' responses to MFL classroom
activities? If so, then in what way and to what extent might MFL study be now more (or less) appealing to more able 13-15 year-old students in local 11-16 LM Comprehensives?

The last large-scale attempt to explore pupils' views on MFL classroom activities was in 1985, as part of the Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) surveys in Secondary Schools. There has been no attempt using the techniques of applied research to investigate pupils' views since the introduction of GCSE or indeed the National Curriculum. Despite this the research of Chambers, Clarke and Stables and Wikeley in
the 1990s provided significant insight into the health of the subject at secondary level. Many of the concerns raised in these works are echoed in action research based in local
schools in West Essex-in particular, the impact of target language teaching, the question of relevancy and the declining popularity of languages.

The research aims to record students' responses to the PoS and to find possible reasons for these constructs. The results will be compared with other findings including those of the APU from 1985. Using the Programme of Study as a means of measurement seems a worthwhile starting point. This statutory requirement of the National Curriculum forms a blueprint for MFL teaching and learning and could constitute the framework of an investigation into student responses to MFL tasks and skills. Fmihermore, teachers teach increasingly by consensus. Professionals should constantly seek to exploit better the preferred learning activities of their students; if MFL staff do not know what these are they need a working model to find out this information.

The research also makes use of APU questionnaires to assess the perceived enjoyment, usefulness and difficulty of MFL study as well as measuring the level of desired contact
with other European students.

Findings of the investigation in 2000:-
Many of the findings of this study may be said to repOli favourably on aspects of the PoS in MFL.
Among the more positive responses were:
• communicating with each other in pairs and groups, and with their teacher. This largely underlined the popularity of role-plays;
• developing understanding and skills through a range of language activities, e.g. games, role-play, surveys and other investigations discuss their own ideas. Discuss interests and experiences and compare them with those of others. Listen,
read or view for personal interest and enjoyment, as well as for information This reflected the preference of many teenagers for exercising a degree of control in the pace and direction of the tasks set;
• listening and responding to different types of spoken language. Skimming and scanning texts, including databases where appropriate, for information. This suggests that such exercises are popular for reasons that are likely to be related
to pace of work;
• using a range of resources for communicating, e.g. telephone, electronic mail,
fax, letters;
• redrafting writing to improve its accuracy and presentation, e.g. by wordprocessing.
Using dictionaries and reference materials. Students are not always
comfortable with the seemingly random nature of language and welcome quick
methods of eliminating doubt and establishing accuracy;
• Express agreement, disagreement, personal feeling and opinions. Learning by heart phrases and short extracts, e.g. rhymes, poems, songs, jokes, tongue twisters. Pupils enjoy such activities but are critical when the material is unappealing.
However,many of the findings indicated less positive experiences of the students in MFL. These included:
• A significantly low level of perceived enjoyment in MFL study among average and more able students in all three schools in the study falling from an already low base in Year 9 to lower levels in Year 10 and Year 11;
• This experience is often more pronounced in MFL than in other GCSE subjects;
• A reluctance to use the target language as a means of communication. Elements of the PoS most strongly connected to this finding were: using language for real
purposes, as well as to practise skills, using everyday classroom events as a context for spontaneous speech, initiating and developing conversations, developing strategies for dealing with the unpredictable, producing a variety of types of writing, asking about meanings, seek clarification or repetition in the TL.
• Teachers do not always accurately assess the popularity or unpopularity of MFL classroom tasks;
• Definitions of difficulty are often determined by levels of motivation;
• The desire for contact with the target language community is minimal and there are low levels of integrative motivation in all three schools;
• Ethnocentricity does not appear to contribute to this;
• Comparisons with 1985 APU findings indicate a far more negative outlook for MFL study in some West Essex schools with virtually no interest in post 16 MFL study.


The Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invites developing countries aiming to undertake REDD+ activities to provide a number of strategic documents. Indonesia accepts the invitation to submit proposed national forest reference emission level (FREL) for deforestation and forest degradation in the context of results-based payments for activities relating to REDD+. The FREL in this publication attempts to improve the previous FRELs, which was developed under three initiatives (Second National Communication/SNC, REDD+ Agency/RA, and Ministry of Forestry/MoFor) and fulfill the COP requirements by following the guidance for technical assessment and adopting principals on transparency, accuracy, completeness and consistency.


Green Building is a growing trend within the construction industry. HILTI AG, International Company that provides tools and consumables to the Construction Industry, and more concretely Business Unit Chemicals, noticed it from customers asking for information to get a Green Building Certification. Taking it as starting point, it has been developed the current Master Thesis with the aim to describe the Green Building Market in United States and Canada (the biggest markets) in order to know the business opportunities for HILTI Firestop Products and calculate the economic viability and benefit of positioning some products as Green.
A study has been developed in order to understand better what Green Building means for customers in United States and Canada. The research process started with a definition of benefits, future trends and main "Green Certifications" for products within the construction industry (Chapter 4). Furthermore, information has been gathered from the field interviewing Product Managers from the Market Organizations and asking a questionnaire to customers and potential customers. In Chapter 5 the results are shown, it can be clearly seen that the growing importance of Green Building with LEED as the certification on top of mind.
Moreover, it is important to consider what competitors and other companies are doing to detect weaknesses and learn from them. In Chapter 7 it has been developed a SWOT analysis for HILTI and its main competitors and a Gap Map Positioning for 5 selected HILTI Firestop products (Sealants and Spray) in comparison with the correspondent competitors' products. Chapter 8 presents best practices from other companies within the construction industry and Chapter 9 shows a list of Chemical products from HILTI and main competitors that could potentially become band and be an opportunity to displace competition.
Finally and considering all the information gathered in the previous chapters, it is presented a Strategy to penetrate the Green Building Market working with specifiers and having a product portfolio better positioned regarding Sustainable Construction, what would represent 1.25% growth. In Chapter 10 it is presented a Gantt Diagram and a Balanced Scorecard to track the success of the implementation. Finally, the Economical Evaluation is done in Chapter 11, presenting a good investment opportunity with an NPV, 5 years later, of 282.254 CHF. Also, several scenarios are plotted to see the final results under the best and worst circumstances.


In this work, we address a situation presented as a new requirement for the Autonomous Challenge portion of the 2011 Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). This new requirement is to navigate between red and green colored flags placed within the normal white painted lane lines. The regular vision algorithms had to be enhanced to reliably identify and localize the colored flags, while the Navigation algorithms had to be modified to satisfy the constraints placed on the robot while transiting through the flag region. The challenge in finding a solution was the size of the flags, the possibility of loosing them against the background, as well as their movement in the wind. The attendant possibility of false positives and negatives also needed to be addressed to increase reliability of detection. Preliminary tests on the robot have produced positive results.


The aim of this study was to gain insights into the import-export relationships between Indonesia and the Netherlands by studying the trade in live animals from 2003 to 2013. The true dynamics of the trade between both countries are relatively poorly understood. This report allows a better understanding of the role of the Netherlands as an importing country, and Indonesia as an exporter of live animal species by providing an overview of trade dynamics. The results can be used to guide future policy and regulatory interventions and highlight issues of concern.


The work presents the microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 coatings after high - temperature corrosion in environment of aggressive gases and ashes. To produce the Ni - based coatings the QS Nd:YAG laser cladding process was carried out. As the substrate used 13CrMo4-5 boilers plate steel. Ni - base alloys characterize the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. Formed clad were characterized by high quality of metallurgical bonding with the substrate material and sufficiently low amount of the iron close to the clad layer surface. After corrosion experiment the oxide scale on the substrate and clad created. The scale on 13CrMo4-5 steel had 70 μm thickness while the scale of the clad had less than 10 μm. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained clad and scales were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) equipped with the EDS detectors.


The concentrations of pyruvate and related compounds in the liver and blood in the recovery of carbontetrachloride intoxication of rats were measured and the effects of pantethine, ATP and DPN administrations were studied. (1) In the recovery stage from acute carbontetrachloride intoxication, the first and fourth weeks after single subcutaneous administration of carbontetrachloride, and in the recovery stage from chronic carbontetrachloride intoxication, the second and fourth weeks after subcutaneous injection of carbontetrachloride twice a week for four weeks, serum transaminase activities (S GOT and S GPT) returned normal and the histological changes of liver (heamatoxylin-eosin staining) were also normal except for slight irregular cellular ridges and cytoplasmic basophilia. (2) Decreased pyruvate oxidation in the rat liver mitochondria was still present even though no significant histological changes could be demonstrated microscopically. This might mean that the function of mitochondrial enzymes would not be restored in a shorter time. In the first and fourth weeks of recovery from the acute intoxication, increases of the lactate/pyruvate ratio of the liver were observed. The pyruvate level in the liver did not show any significant change in the recovery from acute and chronic intoxications. (3) Intraperitoneal administration of pantethine (Bis (N-pantotenyl -β aminoethyl) disulfide), a precursor of coenzyme A, to carbontetrachloride-intoxicated rats arrested the progression of fibrosis and the formation of pseudoacinus of the liver. The diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver, however, was not prevented by pantethine. The fact that no improvement of the pyruvate-oxidizing activity (QO(2)) of liver mitochondria, a decrease of pyruvate level and an increase of cholesterol in the blood were observed with pantethine seems to suggest that the diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver by pantethine might be resulting from decreases of hepatic ATP level and -SH enzyme activities, which would be caused by pantethine administration. Pantethine improved other routine liver fanction tests except for Zinc sulfate test. (4) Simultaneous administration of pantethine and ATP reduced the extent of diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver. The blood sugar decreased by pantethine and ATP more than by pantethine alone probably due to an insulin like activity of ATP. The blood cholesterol increased, and QO(2) and other routine liver function tests were improved more by pantethine and ATP than by pantethine alone. (5) Intraperitoneal administration of DPN to carbontetrachloride-intoxicated rats resulted in marked improvements in liver histology, QO(2), lactate/pyruvate ratio of the liver and the other liver function tests. These results seem to suggest that the progression of the liver injury by carbontetrachloride depends largely on DPN contents.


While the US government fights an inconclusive war 6,200 miles away in Iraq, social controls continue to erode in Mexico, which shares a 2,000-mile-long border with the United States and whose uncertain fate is intertwined with the United States' own. Several events late in 2004 epitomize the progressive fraying of Mexico's social fabric during the administration of Vicente Fox, whose failed presidency has weakened institutions crucial to the advance of democracy, the rule of law, and stability south of the Rio Grande. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] On November 23, 2004, hundreds of people watched as an angry mob seized, beat, lynched, and burned to death two Mexican federal agents in San Juan Ixtayopan, a neighborhood of poor urban peasants in southeast Mexico City. TV camera crews managed to film the Dantesque executions. However, municipal and federal authorities behaved like perverse Keystone Kops, who neither cooperate nor communicate with each other. They played the blame game to justify why it took them several hours to reach the scene of the atrocity. This horrible crime revealed the disdain of Mexicans--especially the "have-nots"--towards law enforcement officers. Their sentiments confirm the findings of Transparency International (TI), whose 2004 Global Corruption Barometer identified Mexico's police as among the most corrupt in the world. After the November 2004 incident, authorities found Enrique Salinas asphyxiated in his automobile, a plastic bag tied around his head. The deceased was the younger brother of despised ex-chief executive Carlos Salinas, whose actions precipitated an economic crisis in December 1994. Meanwhile, his brother Raul is serving a 27-year sentence for masterminding the killing of their former brother-in-law, an official of the long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Enrique's murder, which followed Proceso magazine's expose of the Salinas family's ill-gotten fortune, bore all the earmarks of a gangland slaying. Ever the Cassandra, Fox found nothing "political" about this macabre incident. On New Year's Eve, a fellow inmate murdered the younger brother of narco boss "El Chapo" Guzman inside the La Palma maximum security prison near Mexico City. In retaliation for a federal crackdown on cartel operations, six employees of a maximum-security prison in Matamoros were killed and their bodies dumped outside the facility. Just as these lynchings and murders burst into the headlines, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development placed Mexico last among its 14 members in education and 37th of all 41 countries surveyed. The country's political parties fared only slightly better on TI's barometer. They scored 4.5 on a scale that runs from 1 (not at all corrupt) through 5 (extremely corrupt). Amid these disquieting developments, Mexico's pampered elite conducted business as usual. Members of Congress, who prefer posturing to policy-making, voted themselves healthy year-end bonuses of US$12,380, which lofts their annual legislative income above US$100,000. This windfall is a bagatelle compared with the Croesus-like wealth of private sector moguls. Why have conditions deteriorated under Fox, who promised root-and-branch changes? How has he fared with the United States? What are the prospects for his National Action Party (PAN)? Can the PRI, headed by "dinosaur" Roberto Madrazo, recapture the presidency in 2006? Or amid the fracturing of political parties are people ready to jettison conventional politicians in favor of Mexico City's messianic mayor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador? The Marlboro Man Takes Power Headlines hailed Fox's triumph in 2000 as signaling a "New Era in Mexico." Fox, known as the "Marlboro Man" because of his 6-foot-5-inch height and craggy good looks, inflated expectations. He pledged to create one million jobs per year, attain seven percent growth in gross domestic product, boost investment, revamp the educational and healthcare systems, combat poverty and corruption, clean up the environment, gain legal status for his countrymen living unlawfully in the United States, and accomplish sweeping economic and judicial reforms. …


The steps undertaken to determine the ratings of four 32 yr-old, 115 kV, LPOF (low-pressure oil-filled) cable circuits supplying downtown Toronto, Canada are described. The refurbishment of the circuits involved extensive condition surveys and development of mathematical models employing probabilistic methods and finite-element techniques to obtain accurate predictions of cable ampacities. It is found that the condition of a cable and that of the environment in which it is buried are sensitive to several time-dependent factors with complex relationships. These factors cannot be detected by any kind of theoretical analysis and, therefore, before any life extension or current uprating of an aging cable circuit can be attempted, an adequate condition survey of the cable and of the cable route is essential. The probabilistic method used for thermal analysis of loaded cables combined with the information gained from the cable condition survey has the advantage over deterministic methods of quantifying the benefit/risk trade-offs and therefore allowing for more informed decision making. >


A lanky, brown-skinned young girl serves as cartoon guide as Williams posits what might happen if sharks, as apex predators in their marine food chain, weren't around to keep the ecosystem in balance. At descending levels in the chain, some species would enjoy a temporary bump in population, overeating their prey, and once the lowly fish that feast on plankton disappear, "that could make the ocean a thick sludge." An unlivable ocean affects the animals that live near it, and their loss in turn affects interior populations, resulting in a "pattern of cause and effect, called a trophic cascade." The little girl, who moves freely among charts, timelines, healthy and dystopian seas, and her family's fishing boat, leaves young listeners on a positive note, enjoying a shark sighting in a sea we can still protect. Williams closes with information about reasons for decline of shark populations, bullet points on "being a conscious consumer," resource notes, and remarks on how she arrived at her speculations. Even shark-averse kids will be glad the predators are still around. EB


From the Publisher:
This book fully defines computer-related crime and the legal issues involved in its investigation. It provides a framework for the development of a computer crime unit. This book is the only comprehensive examination of computer-related crime and its investigation on the market. It includes an exhaustive discussion of legal and social issues, fully defines computer crime, and provides specific examples of criminal activities involving computers, while discussing the phenomenon in the context of the criminal justice system. Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime provides a comprehensive analysis of current case law, constitutional challenges, and government legislation. For computer crime investigators, police chiefs, sheriffs, district attorneys, public defenders, and defense attorneys.


Abstract Executive functions (EF) encompass a variety of higher-order capacities such as judgment, planning, decision-making, response monitoring, insight, and self-regulation. Measuring such abilities quantitatively and establishing their neural correlates has proven to be challenging. Here, using a lesion-deficit approach, we report the neural correlates of a variety of EF tests that were developed under the auspices of the NINDS-supported EXAMINER project (Kramer, 2011; www.examiner.ucsf.edu). We administered a diverse set of EF tasks that tap three general domains—cognitive, social/emotional, and insight—to 37 patients with focal lesions to the frontal lobes, and 25 patients with lesions outside the frontal lobes. Using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM), we found that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was predominately associated with deficits in social/emotional aspects of EF, while damage to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate was predominately associated with deficits in cognitive aspects of EF. Evidence for an important role of some non-frontal regions (e.g., the temporal poles) in some aspects of EF was also found. The results provide further evidence for the neural basis of EF, and extend previous findings of the dissociation between the roles of the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal sectors in organizing, implementing, and monitoring goal-directed behavior. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)


Botanical illustration - coloured - Acrodon bellidiflorus. Of very young flower, old flower turning pink and a white flower. Dissected drawings of flowers/seed/leaves are included plus black & white photograph. Drawn from a collection made by Van der Merwe (National Botanical Garden 1192/28), Swellendam. Diameter of flower 4.4cm; Length of petal 1.6cm; Width of petal 2.5mm; Stamens of petals 5mm; Across disc 7mm; Stigma 3mm; Across receptacle 9mm.