Internet security can be compromised not only through the threat of Malware, fraud, system intrusion or damage, but also via the tracking of internet activity. Criminals are using numerous methods to access data in the highly lucrative cybercrime business. Organized crime, as well as individual users, are benefiting from the protection of Virtual Private Networks (VPN) and private browsers, such as Tor, Epic Privacy, to carry out illegal activity such as money laundering, drug dealing and the trade of child pornography. News articles advising on internet privacy assisted in educating the public and a new era of private browsing arose. Although these measures were designed to protect legitimate browsing privacy, they also provided a means to conceal illegal activity. One such tool released for private browsing was Epic Privacy Browser. It is currently used in approximately 180 countries worldwide. Epic Privacy Browser is promoted as a chromium powered browser, specifically engineered to protect users' privacy. It only operates in private browser mode and, upon close of the browsing session, deletes all browsing data. The Epic Privacy Browser claims that all traces of user activity will be cleared upon close of the application and will establish if the introduction of Windows 10 has had an adverse effect on this claim. However, there is no forensic acquisition and analysis of Epic Privacy Browser in literature. In this paper, we aim to contribute towards the goal of assisting forensic examiners with the locations and types of evidence available through live and post-mortem state analysis of the Epic Privacy Browser on Windows 10 and Windows 7, identify how the browser functions during use, where data can be recovered once the browser is closed and the necessary tools that will assist in the forensics discovery and effective presentation of the material.


A 22-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis and nephrotic syndrome treated with immunomodulatory agents including vedolizumab and mycophenolic acid developed hyperthyroidism 2 weeks following the first administration of BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine). Graves' disease (GD) was diagnosed based on the elevated thyrotropin-receptor antibody, thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound. To this day, four cases of new-onset GD following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were reported in patients with no previous history of thyroid disease. Two cases of recurrence of GD following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were also reported. Although the underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced autoimmunity remain to be clarified, there is a rationale for the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the development of Th1-mediated diseases, at least in predisposed individuals. The BNT162b2 vaccine could be a trigger for GD in some patients. However, the benefit/risk ratio remains by far in favour of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination considering the potentially higher risk of severe infection in these patients.


Background Antepartum depression affects around 15% of pregnant women worldwide, and may negatively impact their infants' physical, cognitive and social development, and confer a greater risk of emotional dysregulation in their children. Risk factors for antepartum depression disproportionately affect women from resource-sparse settings. In particular, pregnant refugee and migrant women face many barriers to diagnosis and care of mental health conditions, yet this group is under-represented in the literature. This study explores what refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar border perceive as being contributory and protective factors to their antepartum depression, through secondary qualitative analysis of responses to clinical interviews for depression. Methods Previous research investigating perinatal depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border involved assessing 568 women for depression, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnosis of DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). This study analyses a subsample of 32 women, diagnosed with persistent depression during the antepartum period. Thematic analysis of responses to the SCID and social and demographic surveys was undertaken to investigate factors which contribute towards, or protect against, persistent antepartum depression. Results Major themes which women described as contributing towards persistent antepartum depression were financial problems, interpersonal violence, substance misuse among partners, social problems and poor health. Factors women considered as protecting mental wellbeing included social support, accessible healthcare and distractions, highlighting the need for focus on these elements within refugee and migrant settings. Commonly expressed phrases in local Karen and Burmese languages were summarised. Conclusions Knowledge of factors affecting mental wellbeing in the study population and how these are phrased, may equip stakeholders to better support women in the study area. This study highlighted the limitations of contextually generic diagnostic tools, and recommends the development of tools better suited to marginalised and non-English speaking groups.


Scholars working on different Christian cults in medieval Europe are wont to deal with the rather commonplace, although highly interesting, cases of relic thefts and the associated co-option of particular saints and their cults. Such cases reinforce our perception of the period as a dynamic and creative one in regard to the transfer and proliferation of Christian cultic practices to new areas and social contexts beyond their original locales. However, in the cases I shall discuss in the following, you will not be treated to cases of intra-religious take-overs or the simple borrowing or copying of relics within a single religious tradition, but you will be presented with cases in which one religion appropriated entire cults, divinities and saints from another religion. What we shall see here concerns gods and saints in what we may term ``inter-religious transit" and their ultimate adoption and inclusion into different—and as I hope to demonstrate—entirely new spiritual contexts. This paper will deal with a major aspect of the religious exchange between Buddhism and Daoism in medieval China, namely that of Daoist appropriation of Buddhist divinities and saints. The related and highly important issue concerning the typological copying of deities for similar, functional purposes that we see in both the Buddhist and Daoist material will not be dealt with here for practical reasons. Although it is of equal importance for our understanding of the inter-religious appropriations that took place in the meeting and co-existence in the same cultural space of the two religions, that issue is so extensive that it would require a separate discussion in its own right.


Motion Coordination for VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles develops new control design techniques for the distributed coordination of a team of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. In particular, it provides new control design approaches for the attitude synchronization of a formation of rigid body systems. In addition, by integrating new control design techniques with some concepts from nonlinear control theory and multi-agent systems, it presents a new theoretical framework for the formation control of a class of under-actuated aerial vehicles capable of vertical take-off and landing. Several practical problems related to the systems inputs, states measurements, and restrictions on the interconnection topology between the aerial vehicles in the team are addressed. Worked examples with sufficient details and simulation results are provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the theoretical results discussed in the book. The material presented is primarily intended for researchers and industrial engineers from robotics, control engineering and aerospace communities. It also serves as a complementary reading for graduate students involved in research related to flying robotics, aerospace, control of under-actuated systems, and nonlinear control theory


This chapter critically examines the notion of "the city" within urban informatics. Arguing that there is an overarching tendency to construe the city as an economically and spatially distinct social form, we review a series of system designs manifesting this assumption. Systematically characterizing the city as a dense ecology of impersonal social interactions occurring within recognizably public places, this construction can be traced to turn-of-thecentury scholarship about the metropolis. The idealized dweller of these spaces, the flâneur, functions as the prototypical user for urban computing technologies. This assumption constrains the domain of application for emergent technologies by narrowing our conception of the urban experience. Drawing on contemporary urban scholarship, we advocate an alternative perspective which foregrounds the experience rather than the form of the metropolis. Users become actors embedded in global networks of mobile people, goods, and information, positioned in a fundamentally heterogeneous and splintered milieu. Grounding this approach in a preliminary study of mobility practices in Bangkok, Thailand, we illustrate how urban informatics might refine its subject, accounting for local particularities between cities as well as the broader global networks of connection between these sites.


This paper describes a novel fabrication technique for constructing a polymer-based large-core single-mode rib waveguide. A negative tone SU8 photoresist with a high optical transmission over a large wavelength range and stable mechanical properties was used as a waveguide material. A waveguide was constructed by using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp combined with a solvent-assisted microcontact molding technique. The effects on the final pattern's geometry of four different process conditions were investigated. Optical simulations were performed using beam propagation method software. Single-mode beam propagation was observed at the output of the simulated waveguide as well as the actual waveguide through the microscope image.


"Open access" has become a central theme of journal reform in academic publishing. In this article, I examine the relationship between open access publishing and an important infrastructural element of a modern research enterprise, scientific literature text mining, or the use of data analytic techniques to conduct meta-analyses and investigations into the scientific corpus. I give a brief history of the open access movement, discuss novel journalistic practices, and an overview of data-driven investigation of the scientific corpus. I argue that particularly in an era where the veracity of many research studies has been called into question, scientific literature text mining should be one of the key motivations for open access publishing, not only in the basic sciences, but in the engineering and applied sciences as well. The enormous benefits of unrestricted access to the research literature should prompt scholars from all disciplines to lend their vocal support to enabling legal, wholesale access to the scientific literature as part of a data science pipeline.


This research has two broad objectives: First, to model population growth in a stochastic framework such that the effects of possible non-mean convergent shocks could be studied theoretically on long-run economic growth and planning. Second, an empirical strategy for modelling stochastic population growth over time is provided. Forecasting exercise has been rigorously carried for population growth and income by embedding the stochastic growth feature of population. For modelling purpose, a long-memory mechanism for population growth is suggested so that the classical economic growth assumption of constant and/or non-stochastic population growth in economic growth models appear as a limiting case. The analytical results show that embedding the stochastic features of population growth helps in explaining the economic growth volatility. In particular, it is found to be a formidable cause of the presence of long-memory in output. The empirical analysis shows that unless the stochastic feature of population growth is taken into empirical growth models, we will not be able map out the significant effects of demographic variables consistently over time. It is also shown that how corroborating the information of stochastic shocks of population alters our forecast vision by impacting significantly on the precision of the estimates.


[1] To examine the potential sensitivity of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3H) region of China to potential changes in future precipitation and temperature, a hydrological evaluation using the VIC hydrological model under different climate scenarios was carried out. The broader perspective is providing a scientific background for the adaptation in water resource management and rural development to climate change. Twelve climate scenarios were designed to account for possible variations in the future with respect to the baseline of historic climate patterns. Results from the six representative types of climate scenarios (+2°C and +5°C warming, and 0%, +15%, −15% change in precipitation) show that rising temperatures for normal precipitation and for wet scenarios (+15% precipitation) yield greater increased evapotranspiration in the south than in the north, which is confirmed by the remaining six scenarios described below. For a 15% change in precipitation, the largest increase or decrease of evapotranspiration occurs between 33 and 36°N and west of 118°E, a region where evapotranspiration is sensitive to precipitation variation and is affected by the amount of water available for evaporation. Rising temperatures can lead to a south-to-north decreasing gradient of surface runoff. The six scenarios yield a large variation of runoff in the southern end of the 3H, which means that this zone is sensitive to climate change through surface runoff change. The Jiangsu province in the southeastern part of the 3H region shows an obvious sensitivity in soil moisture to climate change. On a regional mean scale, the hydrological change induced by the increasing precipitation from 15% to 30% is more obvious than that induced by greater warming of +5°C relative to +2°C. These simulations identify key regions of sensitivity in hydrological variation to climate change in the provinces of 3H, which can be used as guides in implementing adaptation.


"Adipocyte hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in adipocyte cell number and contributes significantly to the development of obesity. A key question regarding adipocyte hyperplasia concerns the mechanism by which preadipocytes undergo the transition from quiescence to proliferation. Here we examined molecular processes regulating the cell cycle inhibitor, p27, during adipocyte hyperplasia. Previous literature has shown p27 regulation by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in various cell types. In neoplastic cells, the F-box protein, Skp2, can target phosphorylated p27 protein for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Studies presented here indicated cell cycle-dependent decreases in p27 occurring during early stages of adipocyte differentiation due to accelerated protein turnover. Further analyses revealed Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation and polyubiquitylation of p27 during S phase progression. Additionally, the 26S proteasome was found to be essential for the decrease in p27 and subsequent cell cycle progression. It was determined that Skp2 is transiently expressed during preadipocyte replication and is, at least, partly responsible for increased degradation of p27. These are novel data suggesting the presence and role of Skp2 during adipocyte hyperplasia. It was demonstrated that expression of Skp2 is unique to preadipocyte proliferation and cannot be reproduced in fully differentiated, terminally growth-arrested adipocytes. Findings revealed transient and dramatic increases in Skp2 mRNA, preceding protein expression, due to promoter activation and not increased mRNA stability. These processes were significantly mediated by growth factor receptor signaling pathways involving PI3K and MAPK. Furthermore, inhibition of mTOR, a downstream target of PI3K important for translational control, produced a significant reduction in Skp2 protein but not mRNA. Collectively, these data suggest Skp2 expression during adipocyte hyperplasia is regulated at multiple levels and dependent on kinase-driven signaling pathways. The sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, is a naturally occurring compound known to possess anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. This may be of benefit to the treatment of obesity as cells within adipose tissue have the capacity to proliferate and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies presented here showed that helenalin prevents the increase in Skp2 mRNA by completely blocking Skp2 promoter activity. Further studies revealed helenalin's ability to prevent Akt phosphorylation, a key signaling molecule downstream of PI3K activation. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insight into molecular mechanisms regulating adipocyte hyperplasia. "--Abstract from author supplied metadata.


It is usually taken for granted that the natural mathematical framework for quantum mechanics is the theory of Hilbert spaces, where pure states of a quantum system correspond to complex vectors of unit length. These vectors can be combined to create more general states expressed in terms of positive semidefinite matrices of unit trace called density operators. A density operator tells us everything we know about a quantum system. In particular, it specifies a unique probability for any measurement outcome. Thus, to fully appreciate quantum mechanics as a statistical model for physical phenomena, it is necessary to understand the basic properties of its set of states. Studying the convex geometry of quantum states provides important clues as to why the theory is expressed most naturally in terms of complex amplitudes. At the very least, it gives us a new perspective into thinking about structure of quantum mechanics. This thesis is concerned with the structure of quantum state space obtained from the geometry of the convex set of probability distributions for a special class of measurements called symmetric informationally complete (SIC) measurements. In this context, quantum mechanics is seen as a particular restriction of a regular simplex, where the state space is postulated to carry a symmetric set of states called SICs, which are associated with equiangular lines in a complex vector space. The analysis applies specifically to 3-dimensional quantum systems or qutrits, which is the simplest nontrivial case to consider according to Gleason's theorem. It includes a full characterization of qutrit SICs and includes specific proposals for implementing them using linear optics. The infinitely many qutrit SICs are classified into inequivalent families according to the Clifford group, where equivalence is defined by geometrically invariant numbers called triple products. The multiplication of SIC projectors is also used to define structure coefficients, which are convenient for elucidating some additional structure possessed by SICs, such as the Lie algebra associated with the operator basis defined by SICs, and a linear dependency structure inherited from the Weyl-Heisenberg symmetry. After describing the general one-to-one correspondence between density operators and SIC probabilities, many interesting features of the set of qutrits are described, including an elegant formula for its pure states, which reveals a permutation symmetry related to the structure of a finite affine plane, the exact rotational equivalence of different SIC probability spaces, the shape of qutrit state space defined by the radial distance of the boundary from the maximally mixed state, and a comparison of the 2-dimensional cross-sections of SIC probabilities to known results. Towards the end, the representation of quantum states in terms of SICs is used to develop a method for reconstructing quantum theory from the postulate of maximal consistency, and a procedure for building up qutrit state space from a finite set of points corresponding to a Hesse configuration in Hilbert space is sketched briefly.


The focus of this three-part study was on the recognition of, and service response to, families in which negative or rejecting behaviour is shown towards one of the children, whereas the siblings are accepted. Part 1 was an interview-based survey of health visitors' views. They were able to identify families with such problems but were seldom in a position to intervene constructively and referrals to specialist services were not easily achieved. Part 2 was a case file study based on referrals of alleged emotional abuse to social services offices. The nature of the risk-assessment process undertaken by social workers was explored and it was shown that, beyond the initial stage of seeing the families, a lack of capacity was evident to provide structured assessments of the child, formal assessment of parenting and observation of the parent-child relationship. One-third of the emotional abuse cases were subject to child protection registration but only a minority received substantial social work intervention. Although it was found that singly rather than jointly referred children were given less priority and had less-thorough assessments, this could have been related to other characteristics of these children. Part 3 explored how child mental health professionals conceptualized the families' difficulties, devised therapeutic interventions, considered obstacles to engaging the families and assessed the benefit of psychological help. It was acknowledged that some of these families can present a considerable challenge to any child welfare system because of denial of the problem or difficulties in engaging with existing services. More attention needs to be paid in these cases to maternal mental health problems, especially depression. Recommendations are made for developing more accessible preventive services while ensuring the protection and effective treatment of the singled-out child.


Arthroscopy of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-1) has become indispensable method of surgical care to injuries and their consequences and damages that affect the MTP-1 joint. The advantages of arthroscopy of the 1st MTP joint in comparison to classical open surgery are multiple. Primarily, arthroscopy allows an excellent view of intra-articular structures and thus a detailed overview of the entire joint which enables us to perform complete surgery without opening the joint. Furthermore, morbidity is significantly smaller, rehabilitation is faster, and return to daily activities is also faster. Basic requirements for successful application of arthroscopy of the MTP-1 joint are careful planning of the procedure, very good knowledge of regional anatomy, strictly following the rules of performing the procedure, and an experienced surgeon with arthroscopy skills. Primary indications for the arthroscopy of the MTP-1 joint include early stages of hallux rigidus, osteochondral lesions, synovitis, and pathological conditions of sesamoid bones. In this article we describe the indications, technique, complications and the prospect of the arthroscopy of the MTP-1 joint, with a detailed overview of contemporary literature data.


The term "stress" is referred to a psychological state, obtained in response to a situation which is accompanied by an emotional reaction, such as, for instance, anxiety, anger, sadness, etc. Emotions are psychophysiological reactions representing modes of adaptation to certain either environmental stimuli or own stimuli. They are those feelings or perceptions of the elements and relations of the reality and the imagination, which are physically expressed by some physiological functions, like, for example, facial reactions, changes in heartbeat or distortions in the paralinguistic aspects of speech. Although both stress and emotional state do not alter the linguistic content, they could affect the paralinguistic contents of speech and this is an important factor in human communication, because it provides more information about the interlocutor than the merely semantic one. This subliminal information of speech is analyzed in this paper. Throughout the present document many features and algorithms are studied, which are combined to obtain an emotion and stress detector with a high degree of reliability.


Estimation of the temporal derivatives of a noisy position signal is a ubiquitous problem in industrial and robotics engineering. Here, we propose a new approach to get velocity and acceleration estimates of cyclical/periodic signals near to steady-state regime, by using adaptive oscillators. Our method combines the advantages of introducing no delay, and filtering out the high-frequency noise. We expect this method to be useful in control applications requiring undelayed but smooth estimates of velocity and acceleration (e.g., velocity control and inverse dynamics) of quasi-periodic tasks (e.g., active vibration compensation, robot locomotion, and lower-limb movement assistance).


C-arm computed tomography (CT) with axially extended field-of-view is valuable when imaging a long organ is desired in the interventional room. However, current C-arm CT employs a circular short scan that only provides incomplete data and short axial coverage. To enable long-object 3D imaging capability on a C-arm system, a multi-turn reverse helix is an attractive solution for data acquisition. We have implemented this trajectory on a state-of-the-art multi-axis C-arm system and performed image reconstruction using our Fusion-RFDK method. This work evaluates these reconstruction results by comparing them with those obtained from a circular short scan. We observed comparable image quality between the two source trajectories.


Protein sequence design is a natural inverse problem to protein structure prediction: given a target structure in three dimensions, we wish to design an amino acid sequence that is likely fold to it. A model of Sun, Brem, Chan, and Dill casts this problem as an optimization on a space of sequences of hydrophobic (H) and polar (P) monomers; the goal is to find a sequence that achieves a dense hydrophobic core with few solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues. Sun et al. developed a heuristic method to search the space of sequences, without a guarantee of optimality or near-optimality; Hart subsequently raised the computational tractability of constructing an optimal sequence in this model as an open question. Here we resolve this question by providing an efficient algorithm to construct optimal sequences; our algorithm has a polynomial running time, and performs very efficiently in practice. We illustrate the implementation of our method on structures drawn from the Protein Data Bank. We also consider extensions of the model to larger amino acid alphabets, as a way to overcome the limitations of the binary H/P alphabet. We show that for a natural class of arbitrarily large alphabets, it remains possible to design optimal sequences efficiently. Finally, we analyze some of the consequences of this sequence design model for the study of evolutionary fitness landscapes. A given target structure may have many sequences that are optimal in the model of Sun et al.; following a notion raised by the work of J. Maynard Smith, we can ask whether these optimal sequences are "connected" by successive point mutations. We provide a polynomial-time algorithm to decide this connectedness property, relative to a given target structure. We develop the algorithm by first solving an analogous problem expressed in terms of submodular functions, a fundamental object of study in combinatorial optimization.


A source of company funds reflected through foreign capital and their own capital that was worn by the company. Jakarta islamic index is one stock index in indonesia who calculates an average price index stock for a stocks which satisfies the criteria of investment in by islamic syariah. Public companies of JII having financial concerns about the limitation debt, that is debt ratio. This limitation used to review whether there is significant influence of the debt and profitability to return of manufacturing firm in JII. The research approach that used is quantitative analysis by technical lines ( paths analysis ). The exogent variable that used is DER , while the endogent variable is return of stock and the intervening variable is ROE. The result obtained that DER influence significanly to ROE, ROE has no significant influence on Return of stock, and DER has no significant influence on return of stock.


The revival of regionalism represents an important trend in world politics. In this light, scholars of 'new' regionalism have called for the adoption of the 'new regionalism approach' (NRA) in order to capture the multidimensionality of a phenomenon viewed as qualitatively different from 'old' regionalism, transcend dominant theories of regional integration, and provide an interdisciplinary approach. However, while contemporary regionalism may indeed display new characteristics, the adoption of the NRA to understand regionalism is unwarranted. This paper argues rather that scholars concerned with the study of regionalism should turn their attention to the insights of social constructivism. Indeed, constructivism can help us move beyond the artificial old/new dichotomy and understand the puzzles surrounding both the emergence and evolution of regionalism. Drawing on constructivist contributions from the European 'laboratory', the paper examines the analytical purchase of the constructivist proposition that ideational factors play a crucial role in the emergence and evolution of regional integration. It investigates the purchase of this proposition in the case of regional integration in South America, focusing on the Southern Common Market (Mercosur).


On 18 October 2016 the European Court of Justice, in the case Greece v. Nikiforidis, decided: 'Article 9 (3) of the Regulation No. 503/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations must be interpreted as precluding overriding mandatory provisions other than those of the State of the forum or of the State where the obligations arising out of the contract have to be or have been performed from being applied, as legal rules, by the court of the forum, but as not precluding it from taking such other overriding mandatory provisions into account as matters of fact in so far as this is provided for by the national law that is applicable to the contract pursuant to the regulation'. Ole Lando already anticipated this development when he dealt with this problem arising under the Rome Convention of 1980 on the law applicable to contractual obligations still in force in Denmark.
Harmonization, contract law, European private law, restatements


Disease risk variants identified by GWAS are predominantly noncoding, suggesting that gene regulation plays an important role. eQTL studies in unaffected individuals are often used to link disease-associated variants with the genes they regulate, relying on the hypothesis that noncoding regulatory effects are mediated by steady-state expression levels. To test this hypothesis, we developed a method to estimate the proportion of disease heritability mediated by the cis-genetic component of assayed gene expression levels. The method, gene expression co-score regression (GECS regression), relies on the idea that, for a gene whose expression level affects a phenotype, SNPs with similar effects on the expression of that gene will have similar phenotypic effects. In order to distinguish directional effects mediated by gene expression from non-directional pleiotropic or tagging effects, GECS regression operates on pairs of cis SNPs in linkage equilibrium, regressing pairwise products of disease effect sizes on products of cis-eQTL effect sizes. We verified that GECS regression produces robust estimates of mediated effects in simulations. We applied the method to eQTL data in 44 tissues from the GTEx consortium (average NeQTL = 158 samples) in conjunction with GWAS summary statistics for 30 diseases and complex traits (average NGWAS = 88K) with low pairwise genetic correlation, estimating the proportion of SNP-heritability mediated by the cis-genetic component of assayed gene expression in the union of the 44 tissues. The mean estimate was 0.21 (s.e. = 0.01) across 30 traits, with a significantly positive estimate (p < 0.001) for every trait. Thus, assayed gene expression in bulk tissues mediates a statistically significant but modest proportion of disease heritability, motivating the development of additional assays to capture regulatory effects and the use of our method to estimate how much disease heritability they mediate.


This thesis is an attempt to analyse publishing critically, in keeping with
the current preoccupation with the phenomenon of 'globalisation'. The primary
concern of this thesis is to systemise and elaborate a theoretical frame for the
study of international publishing by looking into the following major research
questions.
I. How can we apply the concept of globalisation which has recently dominated
discussion in the social sciences in analysing international publishing?
2. What are the major factors which influence contemporary international
publishing that have resulted in an uneven intellectual structure?
3. As a case study of these issues what is the publishing situation in Korea in
relation to the international publishing scene?
In explicating these three research questions, the thesis combines a
theoretical review with a field study.


In 2007, the Bali Action Plan introduced Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) as a central concept for a new international climate regime (UNFCCC, 2008). Countries are working towards more insight in how support for NAMAs can be made concrete. NAMA proposals are being developed and 47 countries have submitted proposed NAMAs (in more or less detail) to the UNFCCC in the first half of 2011 (UNFCCC, 2011b).Negotiations so far, have not reached agreement beyond a general framework. In particular, details regarding eligibility, financing, interactions with other instruments and measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) are yet to be agreed. In the absence of international agreement and because it takes time to move from a concept to initial pilot programmes, there are currently no actions being implemented and supported as a ߿?NAMA߿?. To move forward on NAMAs, towards implementation and mobilising support, there is a need for clarity on how to develop a proposal and how to attract financing. The questions addressed in this discussion paper are: what steps should a Party take to develop a NAMA proposal, and what is the role of different stakeholders in each of these steps? This paper begins with a brief overview of the current status of the NAMA concept and the main open questions, followed by a discussion on developing a NAMA proposal in four initial steps.


Marine hydrokinetic (MHK) projects will extract energy from ocean currents and tides, thereby altering water velocities and currents in the site's waterway. These hydrodynamics changes can potentially affect the ecosystem, both near the MHK installation and in surrounding (i.e., far field) regions. In both marine and freshwater environments, devices will remove energy (momentum) from the system, potentially altering water quality and sediment dynamics. In estuaries, tidal ranges and residence times could change (either increasing or decreasing depending on system flow properties and where the effects are being measured). Effects will be proportional to the number and size of structures installed, with large MHK projects having the greatest potential effects and requiring the most in-depth analyses. This work implements modification to an existing flow, sediment dynamics, and water-quality code (SNL-EFDC) to qualify, quantify, and visualize the influence of MHK-device momentum/energy extraction at a representative site. New algorithms simulate changes to system fluid dynamics due to removal of momentum and reflect commensurate changes in turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. A generic model is developed to demonstrate corresponding changes to erosion, sediment dynamics, and water quality. Also, bed-slope effects on sediment erosion and bedload velocity are incorporated to better understand scour potential.


Studies have shown that micro-wedge vortex generators (MVG) can effectively control the flow separation of supersonic boundary layer. In order to improve the flight stability of spinning projectile, the original standard 155mm projectile was taken as the example, and micro vanes were mounted at the projectile shoulder to investigate the separation control on the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile. Numerical simulations were performed with the use of DES method for the flow fields of the projectile with and without micro vanes, the characteristics of the boundary layer structures and aerodynamic data for above two cases have been compared and discussed. Numerical results show that the micro vanes can inhibit fluid separation on the projectile surface, improve its flight stability and firing dispersion. Our results can provide important guidance for the improvement of supersonic projectiles.


Twenty-eight species of hydroids are now known from Japanese tsunami marine debris (JTMD) sent to sea in March 2011 from the Island of Honshu and landing between 2012 and 2016 in North America and Hawai'i. To 12 JTMD hydroid species previously reported, we add an additional 16 species. Fourteen species (50%) were detected only once; given the small fraction of debris sampled, this suggests that the diversity of the total arriving hydroid fauna was likely larger. Our ongoing studies provide the first documentation of these species being rafted from one continental margin to another. Plumalecium plumularioides (Clark, 1877) is newly reported for the Japanese hydroid fauna. Fourteen species (52%), held to be either naturally amphi-Pacific or possibly introduced by ships at some earlier date, were already known from the Pacific coast of North America. We suggest that Obelia griffini Calkins, 1899, as represented in the JTMD fauna, may be a North Pacific oceanic neustonic species. We propose that Hydrodendron mirabile (Hincks, 1866) and its congeners be included in the family Phylactothecidae Stechow, 1921, here emended. We establish a new family, Plumaleciidae Choong and Calder, 2018, to accommodate the genus Plumalecium Antsulevich, 1982.


Head-mounted displays (HMD) allow a personal and immersive viewing of virtual environments, and can be used with almost any desktop computer. Most HMDs have inertial sensors embedded for tracking the user head rotations. These low-cost sensors have high quality and availability. However, even if they are very sensitive and precise, inertial sensors work with incremental information, easily introducing errors in the system. The most relevant is that head tracking suffers from drifting. In this paper we present important limitations that still prevent the wide use of inertial sensors for tracking. For instance, to compensate for the drifting, users of HMD-based immersive VEs move away from their suitable pose. We also propose a software solution for two problems: prevent the occurrence of drifting in incremental sensors, and avoid the user from move its body in relation to another tracking system that uses absolute sensors (e.g. MS Kinect). We analyze and evaluate our solutions experimentally, including user tests. Results show that our comfortable pose function is effective on eliminating drifting, and that it can be inverted and applied also to prevent the user from moving their body away of the absolute sensor range. The efficiency and accuracy of this method makes it suitable for a number of applications in immersive VR.


A substantial amount of research has already been carried out to illucidate the caries process; however a lot of questions remain as yet unanswered. The investigations have resulted in some succes, anyhow: caries prevalence is going down today. It is uncertain if the present low caries rate will continue into the future. Perhaps dental caries is only being delayed. Keeping theeth in the mounth for a longer period, will subject them to caries attacks and/or periodontal breakdown for the same extended period. Investigations into the details of the caries process are therefore still necessary. ... Zie: Summary and conclusions


Abstract : A product line approach may appear very attractive, with obvious benefits in speedier time to market and higher quality, however many organizations demand financial justification before proceeding. Without knowing costs, the decision makers won't budget funds or personnel to carry out the up-front asset construction tasks. In addition, not all organizations are ready to commit up front to a full asset set, one that covers most if not all product line features. Many managers favor an incremental approach to product line adoption, one that first tackles areas of highest and most readily available commonality, earning payback early in the adoption cycle. This report defines key factors to consider in taking an incremental approach to fielding a product line. An organization building a business case can apply these factors to show that product line investment can result in product development savings. The example presented here shows a net savings of almost $180 million in projects that would have cost about $600 million under traditional development approaches. The $180 million in savings takes into account an investment of $54 million in product line start-up costs. The example also illustrates ways to present the data needed to make a compelling business case.


OBJECTIVE
To determine trends in cigarette smoking prevalence among physicians, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses since 1974.

DESIGN
Analyses of data on smoking prevalence among persons 20 years of age and older using combined National Health Interview Survey data sets from 1974, 1976, and 1977; 1978, 1979, and 1980; 1983 and 1985; 1987 and 1988; and 1990 and 1991.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and average annual change in smoking prevalence.

RESULTS
Based on the data for 1990 and 1991, there were an estimated 18,000 physicians, 322,000 registered nurses, and 128,000 licensed practical nurses who smoked cigarettes in the United States. Compared with 1974, 1976, and 1977, by 1990 and 1991 cigarette smoking prevalence had declined from 18.8% to 3.3% among physicians (average annual decline of 1.15 percentage points); from 31.7% to 18.3% among registered nurses (average annual decline of 0.88 percentage point); and from 37.1% to 27.2% among licensed practical nurses (average annual decline of 0.62 percentage point).

CONCLUSION
Since 1974, cigarette smoking has declined most rapidly among physicians, at an intermediate rate among registered nurses, and at a lower rate among licensed practical nurses. Because of their important roles as exemplars and health educators, persons in these occupations should not smoke.


The European Food Safety Authority was requested to perform a comparison between the doses of several neonicotinoids tested in the studies from Henry et al. (honeybees, thiamethoxam) and Whitehorn et al., (bumblebees, imidacloprid) published in Science (2012) with exposure of bees, following the actual use of these neonicotinoids. A third study investigating sub-lethal effects on honeybees for clothianidin and imidacloprid was also considered (Schneider et al., 2012). Data of uses authorised in EU and data on residues in pollen and nectar were collected to compare the actual exposure of bees with the investigated doses. The residue data were limited and available only for some crops; therefore, the extrapolation to other crops was not considered appropriate. In the studies on honeybees, the highest residue levels of thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid in nectar were compared with the actual concentrations tested. The results indicated that the tested concentrations were higher than the concentrations found in nectar. The residue intake was estimated using different exposure scenarios. The results indicated that the doses tested in these publications were lower for clothianidin and for thiamethoxam than the estimated exposure. For imidacloprid the doses tested were higher in all the scenarios. In the studies on honeybees, the total amount of active substance was consumed by honeybees within a relatively short period instead of being not administrated over a longer period i.e a day. In the study on bumblebees the tested concentrations were in the range of the highest residues of imidacloprid in pollen and nectar. However, the relevance of the exposure period in the study is unknown. The comparison between the doses tested in the studies with the actual doses with the exposure of bees was considered feasible only for the seed treatment uses to maize, sunflower, oilseed rape and alfalfa. Further data would be necessary before drawing a definite conclusion on the behavioural effects regarding sub-lethal exposure of foragers exposed to actual doses of neonicotinoids © European Food Safety Authority, 2012


ABSTRACT Using scaled up data from an experimental farm platform in Scotland, we examined the relative economics of a conventional and a low-carbon integrated management system for two (otherwise identical) farms. By employing a novel market-based approach, we factored the market costs of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the relative economics of both systems. Specifically, farmers are considered to be awarded emission credits in accordance with Scotland's agricultural emissions reduction targets. Farmers are then considered to trade their net GHG emissions in an emissions trading scheme, with the integrated system expected to benefit from this arrangement due to its lower emissions. In further sensitivity analyses, we also considered the effect of premium pricing of integrated system crops on the relative economics of both systems. We find that in both the status quo and emissions trading scenarios, the conventional system is significantly more profitable. In the emissions trading scenario, an emissions price roughly three times the reported median prices over the last five years is required for the integrated system's profitability to break-even with the conventional system. However, even at prevailing emissions prices, a 20% premium pricing of the integrated system crops enables near parity in the profitability of both systems. We conclude that in order to facilitate greater adoption of low-carbon systems, policies may be needed to encourage farmers' realization of the cost of their externalities, in particular GHG emissions. At the same time, support should be given to a market system that recognizes premium prices for low-carbon system products.


Fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorometry is an optical technique for estimating photosynthetic properties of phytoplankton from measurements of variable fluorescence yield. I determined the minimum error in such estimates contributed by inherent instrument biases, improper measurement protocols, and the type of optimization algorithm used to infer photosynthetic variability from changes in variable fluorescence. Many of these errors were nonrandom in origin and would not be reduced with repeated sampling or averaging. Characterization of a commercial FRR fluorometer (FRRF) showed undocumented hardware biases with magnitudes roughly equivalent to those addressed by the current characterization approach. Robust optimization algorithms were less likely to misidentify these biases as representing actual photosynthetic variability. In general, robust algorithms improved the accuracy, precision, and distribution of error in analyses of both simulated and actual variable fluorescence measurements. When reanalyzed with robust algorithms, in situ data from an FRRF indicated different photosynthetic behavior than did the analysis tool used originally. Methods to improve and standardize the collection and analysis of FRR variable fluorescence data are essential for evaluating the strengths and limitations of this powerful, but involved, technique. Although the error minimization procedures described were developed primarily to minimize errors and artifacts with FRR fluorometry, several are generally applicable to any fluorescence yield technique in which a physiological model is used to estimate photosynthetic parameters from variable fluorescence measurements.


Challenging the critical commonplace that Uncle Tom's Cabin is, in effect, a sentimental sermon, this essay takes the novel's relationship to preaching, one of the most culturally authoritative forms of speech in antebellum America, as itself an object of analysis. It shows that Stowe, eager to preach yet uneasy about violating gender norms, created a narrator whose sermonic interventions move steadily from the culturally feminine to the culturally masculine-from sentimentality to a dark and angry theological vision that pushed the boundaries of acceptable religious speech. Stowe's qualms about this bold appropriation of religious discourse appear most strikingly in the afterword to the novel as it ran in the National Era, an overlooked alternate ending that undercuts the novel's closing jeremiad. This essay also demonstrates how thoroughly Uncle Tom's Cabin critiques and silences male preachers-both proslavery and antislavery-and how liberally it puts sermons into the mouths of numerous "lowly" characters, strategies by which Stowe transfers the power to preach from the ordained clergy to ordinary people who speak their convictions across the lines of gender, class, and race. The novel's diverse challenges to antebellum preaching defied social and religious hierarchies with a brio that implicitly called for broader democratic empowerment. The radicalism of the novel's sermonizing becomes especially clear when juxtaposed with that of the fiery, ultra-liberal Theodore Parker, antebellum America's leading antislavery preacher.


Carnival is one of the most powerful images of Brazil in the contemporary world, a party marketed by tourism agencies as a unique spectacle, filled with rhythm, humor, fun, and free spirits that brings the entire population together, marked by infectious joy, sensuality, and irresistible samba. This perception of the party, however, is far from its history since colonial times. While Carnival has always been present in large cities and small towns from one end of Brazil to the other, it has taken many forms and included many sounds, meanings, traditions, and social subjects. To understand the history of Carnival in Brazil, one must take another approach: the celebration of Carnival as an expression of many differences, a variety of forms, and numerous conflicts.
 For many years, interpretations viewed Carnival as a space in which Brazilians come together to celebrate commonly held cultural traditions or as an effective escape valve allowing common people to forget the woes of everyday life. More recently, historians and anthropologists have studied Carnival celebrations as windows that offer a glimpse of the tensions, rivalries, and alliances of an entire year, brought to the fore, magnified and played out in public on the festival days. Whether through masks, costumes, and individual hijinks or through Carnival associations, various social groups have taken advantage of Carnival in various historical contexts of Brazilian society to assert their identity and take action on various political projects that aim to transform (or subvert) current reality and debate the very history of Brazil.
 The study of the history of Brazilian Carnival, or rather Carnivals, thus provides an innovative and original epistemological approach to understanding social transformations and the meanings of Carnival revelers' political actions at various times in history, whether they be members of the economic and intellectual elite or urban workers, enslaved people, freed people, and free people.
 The article prioritizes the period between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, when Carnivals came to more closely resemble their modern form through intense disputes between those who sought to civilize the festivities and revelers who sought to act out their traditions and customs. The history of Carnival the article intends to tell engages in intense dialogue with struggles for black people's citizenship before and after the abolition of slavery, stretching into the second half of the 20th century, when Samba Schools emerged as one of the principal features of Carnival in Rio de Janeiro and, by extension, throughout Brazil.


This paper looks at the policy of financial liberalisation within the context of a small developing economy that is experiencing financial sector distress. The performance and structure of the banking sector of the economy of Lesotho is in particular reviewed before, during and after the reform period. The paper also draws on the theoretical arguments for financial liberalisation in developing countries in line with distinguishing structural features of financial systems in developing countries. The implications of the analysis are extended to make an analysis of the likely effects of financial liberalisation in a group of countries that are a part of trade and monetary arrangements. Particular attention is given to the institutional arrangements that deal directly with financial issues, in this case the CMA. The primary outcome of the paper is that the economy hardly met the prerequisites for financial liberalisation at the time when the policy was implemented hence the distress in the banking sector that followed. While contagion may not be a significant problem given the size of the economy relative to its closest neighbour, South Africa, the experience nevertheless provides important lessons for economies in similar situations. Financial Liberalisation in a Small Developing Economy


This Note argues that the modern superior orders defense represents the most relevant and just paradigm for assessing the potential criminal liability of U.S. interrogators who claim that they were authorized and counseled by government lawyers prior to using techniques that likely constituted torture. However, recent U.S. law, most importantly sections of the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, constitutes an extension of the superior orders defense as it would apply to interrogators, and may not only fully immunize government officials and agents involved in interrogations, but also disrupt emerging international legal norms surrounding the superior orders defense.Part I of the Note discusses the development of the modern superior orders defense in international law and its general incorporation into national military laws, including the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Part II analyzes recent U.S. law and practice and concludes that it may deviate from the international legal standard for the superior orders defense. Part III suggests means through which U.S. practice may be brought back into conformity with the international standard, while at the same time contributing to its positive development.


Background: Lactation support, defined here as the access to educational resources, supplies, mental health and psychosocial support, skilled lactation counseling, and peer support, has been identified as critical to optimal health outcomes for birthing parents and infants. People who give birth while incarcerated are likely to receive suboptimal lactation support. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on lactation support for incarcerated people to identify existing programs and policies, gaps in lactation support and ways to address the gaps, and incarcerated people's perspectives on breastfeeding and lactation support. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify studies that addressed two main concepts: (1) breastfeeding and (2) incarcerated populations in the United States. Results: After meeting the eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of the findings. Studies highlight the importance of supporting birthing people who want to provide milk to their infants in a way that is desired, psychologically safe, and structurally supported. Programs are needed to delay or prevent parent-infant separation after birth, provide education around breastfeeding misconceptions, and link to resources and ongoing support for both breastfeeding and milk expression. Implementation of breastfeeding programs may be most effectively undertaken with clear policies and dedicated leadership either internally or through community or health care partnerships. Discussion: This review highlights the policies and practices that hinder adequate lactation support for birthing parent-infant dyads who are incarcerated and describes feasible policies, education, and clinical support that can be used to improve care.


In continuing the development of energy efficiency standards, consideration has turned to air handlers used for heating and air conditioning of consumer residences. These air handlers have typical efficiencies of about 10% to 15% due to poor electric motor performance and aerodynamically poor fans and fan housings. This study was undertaken to examine some of these performance issues, under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, to support potential regulatory changes. In addition, this study examined the performance of a prototype air handler fan assembly that offers the potential for substantial increases in performance. This prototype and a standard production fan were tested in a full-scale duct system and test chamber at LBNL which was specifically designed for testing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The laboratory tests compared efficiency, total airflow, sensitivity to duct system flow resistance, and the effects of installation in a smaller cabinet. The test results showed that, averaged over a wide range of operating conditions, the prototype air handler had about twice the efficiency of the standard air handler and was less sensitive to duct system flow resistance changes. The performance of both air handlers was significantly reduced by reducing the space between the air handler and the cabinet it was installed in. Therefore any fan rating needs to be performed using the actual cabinet it will be used in.


This article builds on the notion that immigrants' integration into the labor market benefits migrants and shapes natives' opinions about immigrants. Using insights from the newest literature on labor immigration and drawing upon the literature on attitudes toward immigrants, the article explores in a multilevel design the impact that regulations in the EU member states concerning immigrants' access to domestic labor markets have on threat perceptions and on opinions about immigrants' economic role. It finds that labor market regulations have a positive effect on opinions about immigrants' economic role and reduce the negative relationships between precarious labor market status and opinions about the economic role. However, a robust effect of labor market regulations on threat perceptions was not found. Our results imply that labor market incorporation rules need to be accompanied by other measures to close the gap between natives and immigrants.


Watermarking algorithms have a basic requirement that the watermark amplitude should be as high as possible for robustness and at the same time the watermark should not introduce any perceptible artifacts. Thus, the design of watermarking algorithms involves a tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness. This paper proposes a novel state of the art algorithm, which is based on wavelet and fuzzy logic, to determine an optimal value for the watermark amplitude to be inserted in a 3D model. The system being adaptive to the local geometry of the mesh inserts an 8 bit grey scale image as watermark as compared to inserting a binary image in existing algorithms. Simulation results prove it to be robust against smoothing, cropping, affine operations and noise attacks.


Nuclear weapons are so central to the history of the Cold War that it can be dificult to disentangle the two. Did nuclear weapons cause the Cold War? Did they contribute to its escalation? Did they help to keep the Cold War "cold"? We should also ask how the Cold War shaped the development of atomic energy. Was the nuclear-arms race a product of Cold War tension rather than its cause? The atomic bomb and the origins of the Cold War The nuclear age began before the Cold War. During World War II, three countries decided to build the atomic bomb: Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Britain put its own work aside and joined the Manhattan Project as a junior partner in 1943. The Soviet effort was small before August 1945. The British and American projects were driven by the fear of a German atomic bomb, but Germany decided in 1942 not to make a serious effort to build the bomb. In an extraordinary display of scientific and industrial might, the United States made two bombs ready for use by August 1945. Germany was defeated by then, but President Harry S. Truman decided to use the bomb against Japan. The decision to use the atomic bomb has been a matter of intense controversy. Did Truman decide to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order, as he claimed, to end the war with Japan without further loss of American lives? Or did he drop the bombs in order to intimidate the Soviet Union, without really needing them to bring the war to an end? His primary purpose was surely to force Japan to surrender, but he also believed that the bomb would help him in his dealings with Iosif V. Stalin. That latter consideration was secondary, but it confirmed his decision. Whatever Truman's motives, Stalin regarded the use of the bomb as an anti-Soviet move, designed to deprive the Soviet Union of strategic gains in the Far East and more generally to give the United States the upper hand in defining the postwar settlement. On August 20, 1945, two weeks to the day after Hiroshima, Stalin signed a decree setting up a Special Committee on the Atomic Bomb, under the chairmanship of Lavrentii P. Beriia. The Soviet project was now a crash program.


Incorporating a human computer interaction (HCI) perspective into the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is necessary to information systems (IS) success and, in turn, to the success of businesses. However, modern SDLC models are based more on organizational needs than human needs. The human interaction aspect of an information system is usually considered far too little (only the screen interface) and far too late in the IS development process (only at the design stage). Thus, often a gap exists between satisfying organizational needs and supporting and enriching human users. This problem can be addressed by carefully integrating HCI development into the SDLC process to achieve a truly human-centered IS development approach. This paper examines the roles of HCI in systems development, justifies the importance of considering HCI through out the entire systems development life cycle, presents a methodology for human-centered IS development, and demonstrates how to apply this methodology to develop human-centered information systems.


Ambient Networks defines a new kind of network architecture, which embeds support for co operation and competition between diverse network types within a common control layer. This unified networking concept can adapt to the heterogeneous environments of different radio technologies and service and network environments. Special focus is placed on facilitating both competition and co-operation of various market players, by defining interfaces which allow the instant negotiation of cooperation agreements. The Ambient Networking concept has been developed in the framework of the Ambient Networks project, which is co-sponsored by the European Union under the Information Society Technology (IST) priority of the 6th Framework Programme. The Ambient Networks project mobilised the work of researchers from over forty different organisations, both major industrial corporations and leading academic institutions, from Europe and worldwide. This book offers a complete and detailed overview of the Ambient Networking concept and its core technologies. The authors explain the problems with current mobile IP networks and the need for a new mobility-aware IP-based control architecture, before presenting the Ambient Networking concept itself and the business opportunities that it offers. The architecture, components, features and challenges of Ambient Networking are covered in depth, with comprehensive discussions of multi-radio access, generic Ambient Network signalling, mobility support, context and network management and built-in media delivery overlay control. Ambient Networks: Co-operative Mobile Networking for the Wireless World Explains the need for Ambient Networking, discussing the limitations of todays proposed architectures, and explaining the business potential of edge networks and network co-operation. Describes Ambient Networking technology in detail, and addresses the technical challenges for implementation. Includes practical user scenarios which are fully analysed and assessed through simulation studies. Including a complete examination of the research and technologies arising from the Ambient Networks concept, Ambient Networks will be invaluable for research and development teams in networking and communications technology, as well as advanced students in electrical engineering and computer science faculties. Standardisation specialists, research departments, and telecommunications analysts will also find this a helpful resource.


Existing studies using low-frequency data have found that macroeconomic shocks contribute little to international stock market covariation. However, these papers have not accounted for the presence of asymmetric information where sophisticated investors generate private information about the fundamentals that drive returns in many countries. In this paper, we use a new microstructure data set to better identify the effects of private and public information shocks about U.S. interest rates and equity returns. High-frequency private and public information shocks help forecast domestic money and equity returns over daily and weekly intervals. In addition, these shocks are components of factors that are priced in a model of the cross section of international returns. Linking private information to U.S. macroeconomic factors is useful for many domestic and international asset pricing tests.

https://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/evansm1/New Micro/Bauer Vega money and asymmetric info.pdf


Visual QuickStart Guide-the quick and easy way to learn! Users of Adobe InDesign will be impressed with the power, ease of use, and integration found in the new InDesign CS3, Adobe's page-design component of Creative Suite 3. Users will also find more robust file-placing capabilities, new Find features, and great new text and transparency effects, among other exciting features. Adobe InDesign CS3 for Macintosh and Windows: Visual QuickStart Guide will highlight the important new features, as well as covering the ones readers have relied on in previous versions of InDesign. Using the task-based, visual approach that readers count on in the Visual QuickStart Guides, this volume introduces readers to all aspects of InDesign CS3. Users will learn how to create and automate documents, import and style text and objects, manage long documents, export files for a wide variety of purposes, and Easy visual approach uses pictures to guide you through InDesign and show you what to do. Concise steps and explanations let you get up and running in no time. Page for page, the best content and value around.much more.


CONTEXT
Stroke is a serious complication associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Women with AF are at higher risk of stroke compared with men. Reasons for this higher stroke risk in women remain unclear, although some studies suggest that undertreatment with warfarin may be a cause.

OBJECTIVE
To compare utilization patterns of warfarin and the risk of subsequent stroke between older men and women with AF at the population level.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Population-based cohort study of patients 65 years or older admitted to the hospital with recently diagnosed AF in the province of Quebec, Canada, 1998-2007, using administrative data with linkage between hospital discharge, physicians, and prescription drug claims databases.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Risk of stroke.

RESULTS
The cohort comprised 39,398 men (47.2%) and 44,115 women (52.8%). At admission, women were older and had a higher CHADS(2) (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score than men (1.99 [SD, 1.10] vs 1.74 [SD, 1.13], P < .001). At 30 days postdischarge, 58.2% of men and 60.6% of women had filled a warfarin prescription. In adjusted analysis, women appeared to fill more warfarin prescriptions compared with men (odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.11]; P < .001). Adherence to warfarin treatment was good in both sexes. Crude stroke incidence was 2.02 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 1.95-2.10) in women vs 1.61 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 1.54-1.69) in men (P < .001). The sex difference was mainly driven by the population of patients 75 years or older. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, women had a higher risk of stroke than men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.07-1.22]; P < .001), even after adjusting for baseline comorbid conditions, individual components of the CHADS(2) score, and warfarin treatment.

CONCLUSION
Among older patients admitted with recently diagnosed AF, the risk of stroke was greater in women than in men, regardless of warfarin use.


Mobile devices such as smartphones and tables have permeated into our daily lives and are now often indispensable because of the constant Internet access they provide. Furthermore, with ever increasing concerns regarding privacy and security, it has become popular to utilize cryptographic operations when accessing Web application servers from such devices. However, since such operations cause high loading on the central processing units (CPUs) of personal computers (PCs) or servers, mobile device CPUs now often come equipped with hardware cryptographic modules. These cryptographic modules are frequently utilized by many mobile device applications via a process known as offloading. However, when all cryptographic operations can be offloaded to cryptographic modules, device CPUs may become idle, which is an ineffective use of total computing resources. In this paper, we propose the simultaneous balanced offloading of cryptographic operations to the cryptographic module of an AM3358 processor and CPU via load-balancing and then evaluate the performance of our implementation. We evaluated our proposed system and concluded that while it is capable of working effectively, in most cases files smaller than approximately 1000 bytes can be executed faster via the CPU alone, whereas when files are larger than 1000 bytes, the proposed system is faster. In the case of encrypting or decrypting a 7 Kbyte file, our proposed system is twice as fast as 'CPU only' operation.


In this study, a new per-field classification method is proposed for supervised classification of remotely sensed multispectral image data of an agricultural area using Gaussian mixture discriminant analysis (MDA). For the proposed per-field classification method, multivariate Gaussian mixture models constructed for control and test fields can have fixed or different number of components and each component can have different or common covariance matrix structure. The discrimination function and the decision rule of this method are established according to the average Bhattacharyya distance and the minimum values of the average Bhattacharyya distances, respectively. The proposed per-field classification method is analyzed for different structures of a covariance matrix with fixed and different number of components. Also, we classify the remotely sensed multispectral image data using the per-pixel classification method based on Gaussian MDA.


We develop a graded version of the theory of cyclotomic q-Schur algebras, in the spirit of the work of Brundan-Kleshchev on Hecke algebras and of Ariki on q-Schur algebras. As an application, we identify the coefficients of the canonical basis on a higher level Fock space with q-analogues of the decomposition numbers of cyclotomic q-Schur algebras.
We present cyclotomic q-Schur algebras as a quotient of a convolution algebra arising in the geometry of quivers; hence we call these quiver Schur algebras. These algebras are also presented diagrammatically, similar in flavor to a recent construction of Khovanov and Lauda. They are also manifestly graded and so equip the cyclotomic q-Schur algebra with a non-obvious grading.
On the way we construct a graded cellular basis of this algebra, resembling the constructions for cyclotomic Hecke algebras by Mathas, Hu, Brundan and the first author.
The quiver Schur algebra is also interesting from the perspective of higher representation theory. The sum of Grothendieck groups of certain cyclotomic quotients is known to agree with a higher level Fock space. We show that our graded version defines a higher q-Fock space (defined as a tensor product of level 1 q-deformed Fock spaces). Under this identification, the indecomposable projective modules are identified with the canonical basis and the Weyl modules with the standard basis. This allows us to prove the already described relation between decomposition numbers and canonical bases.


Abstract We propose a three-step factor-flows simulation-based approach to forecast the duration distribution of unemployment. Step 1: estimate individual transition hazards across employment, temporary layoff, permanent layoff, quitter, entrant, and out of the labor force, with each hazard depending on an aggregate component as well as an individual's labor force history. Step 2: relate the aggregate components to the overall unemployment rate using a factor model. Step 3: combine the individual duration dependence, factor structure, and an auxiliary forecast of the unemployment rate to simulate a panel of individual labor force histories. Applying our approach to the November Blue Chip forecast of the COVID-19 recession, we project that 750,000 workers laid off in April 2020 remain unemployed eight months later. Total long-term unemployment rises thereafter and eventually reaches 4.2 million individuals unemployed for more than 26 weeks and 1.4 million individuals unemployed for more than 46 weeks. Long-term unemployment rises even more in a more pessimistic recovery scenario, but remains below the level in the Great Recession due to a high amount of labor market churn.


Many people search for foreground objects to use when editing images. While existing methods can retrieve candidates to aid in this, they are constrained to returning objects that belong to a pre-specified semantic class. We instead propose a novel problem of unconstrained foreground object (UFO) search and introduce a solution that supports efficient search by encoding the background image in the same latent space as the candidate foreground objects. A key contribution of our work is a cost-free, scalable approach for creating a large-scale training dataset with a variety of foreground objects of differing semantic categories per image location. Quantitative and human-perception experiments with two diverse datasets demonstrate the advantage of our UFO search solution over related baselines.


The first permanent electrical distributed temperature array system (EDTA-S) was installed with a single trip in water injection wells in the Perdido fold belt, Gulf of Mexico. The oil field is offshore in the Alaminos Canyon block ultradeepwater environment, which consists of heavily faulted sand formations. Water injection is part of field development, and the risk of out-of-zone injection (OOZI) has a negative impact on the pressure support in the oil zone and causes part of the injected water to be allocated to an undesired formation and reducing hydrocarbon recovery.
 The EDTA-S was identified as a technology solution to monitor OOZI. It comprises a permanent array of high-resolution temperature sensors distributed across the formation and overlying caprock with discrete dual-sensor pressure and temperature (PT) gauge measurements. A subsea acquisition card interfaces with the subsea control module, sending power and telemetry to the system via an electric cable installed across the completion. The sensors are installed below the feedthrough packer and positioned on a shroud offset from the tubing to thermally decouple the sensors from the tubing and enable monitoring of the formations. The installation is supported with a data interpretation platform that the operator's technical teams review to assess whether injected water has been rerouted from the reservoir to some other sink, such as a fractured caprock. This ensures that production is maximized by establishing all the injected volume in the reservoir zone.
 The first operator to deploy the permanent EDTA-S subsea used it in one water injector in 2016, and one in 2017. To deploy the array system in a single-trip completion, several enabling components were developed and qualified, including an electrical feedthrough system for the tree/hanger, subsea and topside control integration, shrouded tubing for the array sensors, and a feedthrough control line set packer. The completion operations went according to plan, and the sensors were positioned to monitor 100 m of formation above the perforations. The monitoring system was successfully integrated with the subsea controls and topside system and provides real-time monitoring of the injection and warmback periods. A biweekly system data health check shows good quality of data. Warmback data analysis indicates cooling in the nonperforated sand formation and possible water invasion is moving upward. To date, there is no evidence of OOZI into the caprock or channeling to the wellbore. Advanced thermal modeling software was used for interpretation, and a good match has been obtained with sensor measurements. Modeling of warmbacks confirms the data analysis result with no evidence of OOZI currently in caprock. However, continuous monitoring provides value in that it will capture any behavior changes over time.
 The paper details the integration of components, execution, and data interpretation of EDTA-S in the Perdido fold belt. There is a significant potential for implementation of this system in deepwater developments to increase recovery factors.


It is often observed in metaethics that moral language displays a certain duality in as much as it seems to concern both objective facts in the world and subjective attitudes that move to action. In this paper, I defend The Dual Aspect Account which is intended to capture this duality: A person's utterance of a sentence according to which φing has a moral characteristic, such as "φing is wrong," conveys two things: The sentence expresses, in virtue of its conventional meaning, the belief that φing has a moral property, and the utterance of the sentence carries a generalized conversational implicature to the effect that the person in question has an action-guiding attitude in relation to φing. This account has significant advantages over competing views: (i) As it is purely cognitivist, it does not have the difficulties of expressivism and various ecumenical positions. (ii) Yet, in spite of this, it can explain the close, "meaning-like," connection between moral language and attitudes. (iii) In contrast to other pragmatic accounts, it is compatible with any relevant cognitivist view. (iv) It does not rest on a contentious pragmatic notion, such as conventional implicature. (v) It does not imply that utterances of complex moral sentences, such as conditionals, convey attitudes. In addition, the generalized implicature in question is fully calculable and cancellable.


At the height of pre-election anxieties and amid conversation among faculty and higher education administrators about how post-election policies would impact the efforts of higher education, the 2016 Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities (CUMU) held its annual meeting in Washington DC. Focused, as always, on higher education and community engagement, the 2016 conference gave particular emphasis to future needs and issues. These conversations are especially critical now, as urban and metropolitan institutions, regardless of type or size, increasingly face new social justice challenges both on their campus and in their local communities. These societal and structural disparities range from access to services due to rising costs of living to the impact of the national tone of racial and citizenship inequities that continue to deeply divide our nation.


Abstract Evaluations of field research on the nontarget effects of pest management, particularly the production of transgenic crops with insecticidal properties, suggest the methods used are sometimes unlikely to detect real differences among treatments. Among potential problems, abundance estimates may be scale-dependent for many arthropods, which move among experimental plots and between experimental plots and the surrounding environment. Insecticide-disturbed plots of field corn in a range of sizes in 2003 (0.03–0.53 ha; 18–72 m wide) and 2004 (0.01–0.13 ha; 9–36 m wide) were used for testing effects of scale on nontarget arthropod abundance. Possible effects of artificially isolating plots by removal of vegetation around plot borders were also studied in 2003. Community and taxon-based analyses showed abundance of foliar (aboveground) arthropods depended on plot size and isolation. While abundance of foliar arthropods was generally greater in smaller plots, isolation treatments suggested some taxa may have been either repelled or attracted to isolated plots. Levels of some epigeal (ground-dwelling) taxa were also size or isolation-dependent, but community-based analysis did not indicate a strong collective response to treatments. Recommendation of a practical but rigorous minimum plot size for nontarget studies may not be appropriate because responses to plot size varied among taxa. However, because arthropod movement into and out of plots can reduce differences between treatments, results suggest the use of small plots (width <9 m) for nontarget studies on transgenic crops generally should be avoided. Similarly, the taxon-specific effects of isolating plots should be considered when planning studies or interpreting results.


Background Numerous Web-based interventions have been implemented to promote health and health-related behaviors in persons with chronic conditions. Using randomized controlled trials to evaluate such interventions creates a range of challenges, which in turn can influence the study outcome. Applying a critical perspective when evaluating Web-based health interventions is important. Objective The objective of this study was to critically analyze and discuss the challenges of conducting a Web-based health intervention as a randomized controlled trial. Method The MODIAB-Web study was critically examined using an exploratory case study methodology and the framework for analysis offered through the Persuasive Systems Design model. Focus was on technology, study design, and Web-based support usage, with special focus on the forum for peer support. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used. Results The persuasive content and technological elements in the design of the randomized controlled trial included all four categories of the Persuasive Systems Design model, but not all design principles were implemented. The study duration was extended to a period of four and a half years. Of 81 active participants in the intervention group, a maximum of 36 women were simultaneously active. User adherence varied greatly with a median of 91 individual log-ins. The forum for peer support was used by 63 participants. Although only about one-third of the participants interacted in the forum, there was a fairly rich exchange of experiences and advice between them. Thus, adherence in terms of social interactions was negatively affected by limited active participation due to prolonged recruitment process and randomization effects. Lessons learned from this critical analysis are that technology and study design matter and might mutually influence each other. In Web-based interventions, the use of design theories enables utilization of the full potential of technology and promotes adherence. The randomization element in a randomized controlled trial design can become a barrier to achieving a critical mass of user interactions in Web-based interventions, especially when social support is included. For extended study periods, the technology used may need to be adapted in line with newly available technical options to avoid the risk of becoming outdated in the user realm, which in turn might jeopardize study validity in terms of randomized controlled trial designs. Conclusions On the basis of lessons learned in this randomized controlled trial, we give recommendations to consider when designing and evaluating Web-based health interventions.


Completions of (small) categories under certain kinds of colimits and exactness conditions have been studied extensively in the literature. When the category that we complete is not left exact but has some weaker kind of limit for finite diagrams, the universal property of the completion is usually stated with respect to functors that enjoy a property reminiscent of flatness. In this fashion notions like that of a left covering or a multilimit merging functor have appeared in the literature. We show here that such notions coincide with flatness when the latter is interpreted relative to (the internal logic of) a site structure associated to the target category. We exploit this in order to show that the left Kan extensions of such functors, along the inclusion of their domain into its completion, are left exact. This gives in a very economical and uniform manner the universal property of such completions. Our result relies heavily on some unpublished work of A. Kock from 1989. We further apply this to give a pretopos completion process for small categories having a weak finite limit property.


In this paper, based on Marxism social security theory, the author creatively advances that in China value of labour-power consists of the endowments for the laborer and part of endowments for his or her parents, considering China's conditions. By this way, the author integrates traditional individual, family, collectivity, and state endowments into a complex endowment mode, namely the target mode of this paper. This mode includes social endowment insurance system and community-and-family support system. The former mainly offers endowment insurance, and the later mainly life services and spiritual cares for seniors. The social endowment insurance system includes primary pension, social pension, and family planning pension for farmers. The management of rural social endowment insurance premium is similar to that of civil social endowment insurance. Considering the great difference of local economy and society in China, community-and-family support system is various in different regions. The family planning pension is to relieve the potential negative effects of certain institutions designed in this paper on the family planning policy.


In many countries, college-bound high school seniors must pass a test or series of tests. In Israel, this requirement is known as the "Bagrut", or matriculation certificate, obtained by passing a series of subject tests. In spite of the Bagrut's value, Israeli society is marked by vast differences in Bagrut rates by region and socioeconomic status. We attempted to increase the likelihood of Bagrut certification among low-achieving students by offering substantial cash incentives to high school seniors in an experimental demonstration program. As a theoretical matter, such incentives may be helpful if low-achieving students reduce investment in schooling because of high discount rates, part-time work, or face peer pressure not to study. The experiment studied here used a school-based randomization design offering awards to all students in treated schools who passed their exams. Randomization was imperfect because of the clustered design. We discuss alternative strategies for dealing with clustering in research of this type. On balance, the estimates point to a substantial and statistically significant treatment effect for students close to the margin for certification. We also look at a number of mediating outcomes in an effort to determine how students responded to incentives. These results show students took more tests and were more likely to accumulate the number of credit units required for Bagrut success.


Framework‐bound methoxides occur as intermediates in the stepwise mechanism for zeolite‐catalyzed methylation reactions. Herein, the formation of methoxides from methanol or dimethyl ether in H‐ZSM‐5 is investigated by a combination of static and dynamic simulations, with particular focus on the effect of additional water and methanol molecules on the mechanism and kinetics. Metadynamics simulations allow partitioning the reaction path into distinct phases. Proton transfer from the zeolite to the reactants is found to be the rate‐limiting phase in the methoxide formation. Additional methanol molecules only assist the proton transfer in the methoxide formation from methanol, whereas the reaction from dimethyl ether does not benefit from methanol assistance. Once formed, methoxides are found to be as reactive toward alkene methylation as methanol and dimethyl ether.


Using a life-world hermeneutic approach, this study focused on the interviews with eight Swedish men living with genital warts. The men expressed a need for control over their situation, a control that was easier to maintain if the warts were invisible. Some of the men expressed prejudiced attitudes toward those who contract a venereal infection and their own feelings of shame appeared to correlate with these prejudices. In their meetings with health care providers, the men viewed a competent health care provider as someone who combined professional distance with a personal approach. Finally, the fact that men saw themselves as disease carriers was of great significance to them and influenced their views of future meaningful relationships.


BINGE DRINKING AND DRUG USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: A TEST OF HIRSCHI'S SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY by Katelyn M. Riley This thesis tests Travis Hirschi's Social Control Theory using a sample of college students. The purpose of the study was to examine whether social bonds (attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief) impact binge drinking and drug use among college students. In addition, this study assessed the need for drug and alcohol intervention and prevention measures. Random classes were selected from a college catalogue, and a total of five classes were surveyed. The total sample size was 193 students from a Bay Area university. The research revealed little support for Hirschi's theory. Contrary to the theory, the research showed that attachment to peers increased the likelihood of student binge drinking and drug use. Specifically, students who respected their best friend's opinions about the important things in life were more likely to binge drink, while students who wanted to be more like their friends were more likely to use drugs. However, consistent with Hirschi's assertion, believing it is okay to get around the law if one can get away with it increased the likelihood that a student used drugs, and respect for police decreased the likelihood that a student used drugs.


Identifying a framework for assessing the permissible geography of armed conflict must be driven by both strategic and legal considerations. Armed conflict by its very nature manifests the exercise of national power implicating the most fundamental aspect of sovereignty: the right and obligation of the state to protect itself from internal or external threat. Categories of armed conflict and their associated legal regimes evolved in response to this reality, which almost always involved inter-state hostilities or internal hostilities between states and insurgent or dissident forces. It is debatable, however, whether contemporary threats fit neatly into these two armed conflict categories, or whether the law regulating armed conflict was, from inception, under-inclusive in the sense that it failed to account for situations of armed hostilities falling outside these categories. History indicates that armed conflict has never been statically confined to the two "types" that became the dominant focus of conflict regulation following World War II. This under-inclusiveness is manifested today by the concept of transnational armed conflict (TAC) -- armed conflict of international scope between a state and a non-state opponent. This theory of armed conflict remains controversial, although it has gained substantial traction. It has also, however, generated assertions that if such a theory of armed conflict is a reality, it must be geographically restricted to only those areas qualifying as "hot zones" of conflict (however that concept is defined). Ultimately, however, seeking to identify and impose a geographic limitation detached from the threat dynamics triggering the use of combat power is a false solution to the concerns of operational over-breadth associated with TAC. Such limitation is a futile endeavor, for the developing axiomatic reason that once a state commits to the use of force as a remedy against such a transnational non-state threat -- like all other conflicts in history -- the dynamics of the threat itself will be the predominant consideration in defining the scope of operations. Seeking to identify some legally mandated geographic boundary for armed conflict of any type is, however, a genuine Red Herring. Armed conflict is a threat-driven concept, arising when the threat necessitates resort to combat power, and extending to wherever the operational and tactical opportunity to produce a militarily valuable effect on the enemy arises. Accordingly, this essay argues that it is illogical to attempt to impose a "hot zone" limitation on the scope of TAC, and that such an effort will inevitably be viewed as inconsistent with the strategic imperatives that drives states to engage in armed conflict. Even more problematic, however, is how this approach to limiting the potential over-breadth of authority triggered by LOAC invocation to combat a transnational non-state threat distracts from other potentially viable methods to produce this effect. Thus, critics of this broad exercise of state power might be better served by abandoning the search for this geographic scope Red Herring and focusing on more pragmatic mitigation efforts.


Intercropping, defined as two or more crops grown on the same land area at the same time, is a sustainable alternative to sole crops. Intercropping has been associated with multiple benefits, such as increased nutrient and soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, decreased soil erosion and increased carbon (C) sequestration. A common intercropping practice is to integrate cereal and legume crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Most studies on intercropping have focused on yield, weed control, and land use efficiency in the tropics. Few studies have researched C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in temperate intercrops, with respect to soybean and maize residue stabilization. Soil from Balcarce, Argentina, was incubated for 140 days with soybean, maize, or no residue. Throughout the incubation, results illustrated the effect of residue application upon the soil, specifically through significantly higher amounts of light fraction (LF) C and LFN concentrations, soil microbial biomass (SMB) C and SMBN concentrations, higher microbial diversity, lower N2O production rates, in addition to distinct isotopic values in soil fractions and CO2 (p<0.05). Furthermore, it was observed from !15N-TN and !15N-LF that treatments with soybean residues included had higher N cycling (p<0.05), emphasizing the importance of including N-fixing legumes in complex agroecosystems. Significant changes over time in SMB and SMCS characteristics, and isotope values (p<0.05) indicated the preferential utilization of relatively young and easily accessible litter. Furthermore, the loss of labile material over the incubation resulted in more recalcitrant forms (such as older C and lignin) to be utilized. Slightly higher SOC, TN, LFC and LFN concentrations, as well as lower CO2 production rates suggested 2:3 (rows of maize:rows of soybean) as a more desirable intercrop design for C sequestration. The 1:2 intercrop design was observed to be more beneficial for microbial community structure, furthering the idea that intercropping is a beneficial alternative to sole cropping. This study improves knowledge in residue stabilization and C sequestration in complex agroecosystems, providing encouragement for the implementation of more sustainable management practices.


The present research sought to determine whether or not there are sex differences in reactions to an inequity in one partner's love or sexual attraction towards her/his partner. Study 1 used a categorical measure where participants were asked to indicate which scenario, partner is less sexually attracted to you than you are to her/him, and partner loves you less than you love her/him was most upsetting. Study 2 used a continuous measure where participants were asked to rate the level of upset associated with those same two scenarios. Based on prior research examining deficits in emotional and sexual access and prior research examining the role of emotional and sexual actions in reconciliation, an inequity in love between partners was hypothesized to be chosen as most upsetting (Study 1) and rated as more upsetting (Study 2) for both sexes. The results were consistent with the hypothesis for Study 1 only. No significant differences occurred for Study 2. These findings are discussed in terms of prior research on love and reconciliation.