Camino, 2009. By Oliver Schroer. Borealis Records, CD (1), BD0601. Hymns and Hers, 2009. By Oliver Schroer. Borealis Records, CD (1), BD0701.When leukemia took the life of Canadian fiddler Oliver ("Oli") Schroer on July 3, 2008, he was just fifty-two years old. Schroer leftbehind a remarkable legacy as a composer, teacher, producer, collaborator, and as an innovator of traditional musics. Oli was, in his own words, an "extended folk" musician; his website, www .oliverschroer.com, describes his own tunes as "stories, flights of fancy, explorations of melody, all told with the warm twang, the familiar brogue of a language called 'fiddle.'" At the peak of his career, around 2003, he traveled the world making frequent appearances at folk and Celtic music festivals, but Schroer's music invariably bore the mark of experimentation in whichever form it took. The two albums reviewed here, Camino and Hymns and Hers, date from 2006 and 2007, respectively. Both, however, were rereleased in 2009 by Borealis Records in Toronto. Schroer's music on these records is of potential interest to folklorists not only because the fiddler was one of Canada's most prolific composers on the instrument (he claims to have authored over 1,000 tunes), but also because it bridges traditional and modern vernaculars in its stylistic fluidity. As a composer, Schroer finds meeting points between popular and traditional forms by writing tune-based pieces with few chord changes and verse/chorus structures, but they are difficult to categorize. As a player, Schroer incorporates non-traditional performing techniques into his fiddling, such as, for example, string harmonics and close mic-ing to accentuate the tactile, physical interaction between bow and string. This review will explore these two albums as examples of Schroer's "extended folk" music, contextualizing them within larger issues of genre boundaries, and the dichotomous construction of tradition versus modernity in music, one which might better be considered as merely two points along a continuum.Schroer was called an "investigative fiddler" by Toronto's Globe and Mail newspaper (Brad Wheeler, "Don't Expect a 'Maudlin Tear-Jerky Affair,'" June 5, 2008:R1), and the epithet is appropriate, but not altogether sufficient. Schroer was more than a fiddler: he queried music's ability to communicate and bring people closer to each other, and his investigations assumed many manifestations, often ignoring circumscriptions of genre. My own introduction to Schroer's music came via O2, his 1999 double album of solo five-string fiddle tunes (Big Dog BD9901CD). O2 might be Schroer's most experimental album in that it defies classification of every sort. Across two discs of mercurial adaptations of jigs, reels, dances, and other modified forms, he pays tribute to avant-garde composers (Frank Zappa and John Cage), Norwegian fiddle music, Baroque forms, and, of course, Celtic fiddling traditions. Schroer's accompanying essay to the music on O2, found in the disc's liner notes, offers us a glimpse into how his playing and writing moved beyond those traditional paradigms: "There were prayers, incantations, whimsies, melismas, mysteriosos, heisenbergs, fractal reels, forest blues, blessings. . . . They are not so much entertainment tunes, but music that expresses other important things about my relationship to life. This music is, dare I say, more spiritual" (p. 1).The spirituality that inflects Schroer's tunes on O2 marks a watershed moment in his career. In the last decade of his life, he released five fulllength CDs, taught and mentored extensively in the rural community of Smithers, British Columbia, and undertook a pilgrimage along the Camino de Santiago trail. His final disc Smithers contains fifty-nine tunes Schroer composed for each student he taught over his seven years in the community. The album was recorded over three days in 2007 as a way of thanking his students, who held a fundraiser in his honor when he was first diagnosed with leukemia. …


In November 2017, the 170 governments in the International Exhibitions Bureau (BIE) will vote for a country to host the 2022/23 specialized expo. The United States strengthened its bid in 2017 by a remarkably rapid bipartisan action by the US Congress and Trump Administration to rejoin the BIE which the United States had quit in 2002. This paper reviews the legislative history of US membership in the BIE treaty going back to 1968 and provides a brief overview of the role of the BIE in supervising world's fairs and expos going back to 1928. The BIE is an unusual treaty in having its own customs regime and in making decisions by a majority vote. The paper describes the three competing bids for the expo by Argentina, Poland, and the United States, and discusses the political and legal factors that may be in play in choosing the winning proposal. The paper explains why the bid by Minneapolis/United States is the superior proposal because of the salience and definiteness of its proposed theme of "Healthy People, Healthy Planet."


NORTH KOREA'S nuclear-weapons programs confront us with hard choices. They create a sense of urgency to make another deal with the North, but experience tells us that any new agreement will not the flow of crises. However we handle the immediate crisis, we will do better if we do so while having in mind an end position--something we have not done since the end of the Korean War 50 years ago. The argument here is that there should be different leadership in Pyongyang as a step towards the political unification of the peninsula. Short of that goal, the main possibility for getting rid of the North's weapons is an agreed strategy between China and the United States. Unfortunately, there is no good evidence that this will happen. The North's weapons pose three immediate challenges. Combined with its long-range missiles, North Korea's nuclear weapons could inflict devastation at long distances, including the United States. The threat to Japan is already rousing Tokyo to rearm. Worse still, the regime threatens to sell bombs to all comers, including terrorist organizations. Kim Jong Il's game THIS CRISIS WAS set off by the North admitting that it had a secret nuclear-weapons program in violation of the 1994 Agreed Framework. Negotiated by the Clinton administration, the framework promised economic benefits in return for North Korea's "freezing" its nuclear program. Since breaking the agreement, the Kim Jong Il regime has loudly proclaimed that the U.S. is planning to attack and has demanded a guarantee of security from us. Perhaps seeing our campaign against Iraq has persuaded Kim that he's next. But it seems more likely that he has a different and overriding perspective. It is to gain enough resources to stay in power. The system his father, Kim IL Sung, perfected combines extreme nationalism, severe internal repression, and a Stalinist economy. The economy's dysfunctions have led to the deaths of upwards of a million people in the past decade. Kim Jong Il's margin of survival comes from extortion. At its core are nuclear weapons--along with an implicit threat of collapse and resulting social chaos that would be costly to North Korea's neighbors. The weapons program apparently started in the late 1970s and has continued despite several international commitments to stop it, each violated. An obvious reason for starting the program was to change the military balance on the peninsula. Although the North's conventional forces were then relatively stronger than they are now, the U.S. had both troops and nuclear weapons in the South. In 1992 we removed our weapons as part of a denuclearization agreement between North and South--one of several agreements violated by the North. The U.S. estimated that the North could soon make enough plutonium for some nuclear weapons--and might have done so already. The resulting confrontation led to the Agreed Framework in 1994, in which the North agreed to shut down its reactor and store the spent fuel (containing plutonium) under international inspection. We and others agreed to provide food and fuel, to normalize relations, and to build two large nuclear electric power reactors. (The American negotiators seemed to have assumed, not unreasonably in 1994, that the North's regime would be gone by the time the reactors were finished.) If nuclear weapons were so important in the North's strategy, why did it agree to this freeze? Its principal source of aid, the Soviet Union, had disappeared in 1991. This, plus endemic mismanagement, threw the economy into a slump. Apparently the urgent need for food and fuel, the U.S. threat to attack North Korea's nuclear plants, and perhaps arm-twisting from China did it. (The Chinese did not sweeten the deal with food; they cut their supply in 1994-95.) The North also presumably knew something we have come to believe only since: that it had enough plutonium for a few weapons. And we now know that at some point in the 1990s it started work on a separate, enriched uranium-based weapons program, evidently with Pakistani help. …


Previous literature offers limited clues on how to learn a periodic function using modern neural networks. We start with a study of the extrapolation properties of neural networks; we prove and demonstrate experimentally that the standard activations functions, such as ReLU, tanh, sigmoid, along with their variants, all fail to learn to extrapolate simple periodic functions. We hypothesize that this is due to their lack of a "periodic" inductive bias. As a fix of this problem, we propose a new activation, namely, $x + \sin^2(x)$, which achieves the desired periodic inductive bias to learn a periodic function while maintaining a favorable optimization property of the ReLU-based activations. Experimentally, we apply the proposed method to temperature and financial data prediction.


Scintigraphic changes, i.e., increased activity, were induced by 1% papain, dissolved in phosphate-buffered physiologic saline (pH 7.4), injected into one antebrachiocarpal joint in each of eight dogs. Scintigraphic evaluation was by the use of combined blood pool and bone phase scintigraphy of affected and normal carpi over a 28-day period. The qualitative and quantitative scintigraphic appearance in injected carpal joints were very similar in both blood pool and bone phases. The clinical use of combined blood pool and bone phase scintigraphy to diagnose early inflammatory joint changes appears limited.


The phenomenon of long term instability of iterative learning control systems is examined. The concept of stability with respect to a specified trajectory is used to define a nonlinear biased gap metric. The resulting robust stability theorem, applied in a 2D setting, is used to prove the robust stability of a set of ILC algorithms engaged in trajectory tracking. The robust stability guarantee is dependent on the gain of the system from input and output disturbances to internal signals. This gain is calculated for a set of linear ILC algorithms to provide a guide to the trade-offs between tracking accuracy and robust stability.


Abstract. When the museums of Lübeck, Stuttgart, Tübingen and partly of Wiesbaden were destroyed during World War II between 1942 and 1945, also all or parts of their type material were destroyed, among them types from spider species described by Embrik Strand between 1906 and 1917. He did not illustrate type material from 181 species and one subspecies and described them only in an insufficient manner. These species were never recollected during more than 110 years and no additional taxonomically relevant information was published in the arachnological literature. It is impossible to recognize them, so we declare these 181 species here as nomina dubia. Four of these species belong to monotypic genera, two of them to a ditypic genus described by Strand in the context of the mentioned species descriptions. Consequently, without including valid species, the five genera Carteroniella Strand, 1907, Eurypelmella Strand, 1907, Theumella Strand, 1906, Thianella Strand, 1907 and Tmeticides Strand, 1907 are here also declared as nomina dubia. Palystes modificus minor Strand, 1906 is a junior synonym of P. superciliosus L. Koch, 1875 syn. nov.


Ice streams are fast-flowing zones of an ice sheet bounded to either side by slower-flowing or even stagnant ice (Bentley 1987). Modern ice-stream margins are identified on satellite and aerial imagery by heavily crevassed shear zones up to a few kilometres wide. On one or both sides, at the base of the ice stream, shear-margin moraines may develop (Stokes & Clark 2002). These moraines can be used to assist in locating former ice streams and defining their width. Landforms interpreted as lateral ice-stream shear-margin moraines have been identified on land in the Canadian Arctic and on the north Norwegian continental shelf based on aerial photographs and extensive multibeam bathymetry and seismic profiles, respectively (Dyke & Morris 1988; Stokes & Clark 2002; Ottesen et al. 2005, 2008).

Several sedimentary ridges from both the transition zone between the fjords and continental shelf of northern Norway and from the shelf itself are described (Fig. 1). At the mouth of Tanafjorden beyond the Finnmark coast (Fig. 1f), well-developed glacial lineations parallel to the fjord axis are identified (Fig. 1a). On the eastern side of the fjord mouth and north of …


Since the 1990s supposedly 'historic' fault lines separating coffee preferences and practices across the European continent have been broken down. The consumption of Italian-style espresso-based beverages outside the home is now widespread. Much of this is drunk in branded coffee-shop outlets, based on a format popularised in the United States. This article investigates these changes employing the culture of production perspective. It is structured in three parts. The first investigates the formation of quasi-national coffee-drinking styles in the at-home and away-from-home sectors with particular reference to Italy; the second analyses the transformation of out-of-home coffee-drinking in the UK during the 1990s; and the third examines the spread of Italian-style coffee across the European continent.


From 1940 onwards, Mexico experienced economic growth for more than three decades. The Mexican government sought to communicate this so called 'Mexican Miracle' and placed its bid for the XIX Olympic Games in December 1962 as part of its cultural diplomacy strategies. Ten months later, and just a month away from the inauguration of the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), Mexico City was elected as host of the 1968 Summer Olympic Games. If compared to Detroit and Lyon, Mexico City was not as economically developed, so the reasons that explain Mexico's selection need a more complex approach. By looking at Mexico's participation in the GANEFO and the Olympic Games, this article draws conclusions on how the Mexican government used sport to brand itself as a nearly developed country without losing its ties with the 'Emerging Forces.' This research uses documents from the archive of the International Olympic Committee and from different governmental archives in Mexico to assess the ways in which Mexico tried to position itself internationally. The article concludes that the bidding campaigns of 1963 had an impact on the way the IOC, Mexican government and Mexico City's citizenry engaged politically during the Olympic Games.


The sensitivity of RF CMOS receivers using a direct conversion or a low-IF architecture is strongly affected by flicker noise. This paper gives theoretical guidelines to predict the flicker noise in Gilbert-cell mixers. The conversion gain, the equivalent input and output noise, and the effect of the pole at the single internal RF node are discussed. For the first time, results which are valid in all modes of operation are given. Such complete results are required for some ultra low-power and low-voltage applications, since the transistors might be operated in moderate or even weak inversion region. The theoretical gains are found to remain within a 2-dB margin with respect to the measurements of a UHF downconverter built in a 0.5 /spl mu/m process, for a large range of bias conditions and local oscillator swing.


High-frequency mechanical strain seems to stimulate bone strength in animals. In this randomized controlled trial, hip BMD was measured in postmenopausal women after a 24-week whole body vibration (WBV) training program. Vibration training significantly increased BMD of the hip. These findings suggest that WBV training might be useful in the prevention of osteoporosis. Introduction: High-frequency mechanical strain has been shown to stimulate bone strength in different animal models. However, the effects of vibration exercise on the human skeleton have rarely been studied. Particularly in postmenopausal women—who are most at risk of developing osteoporosis—randomized controlled data on the safety and efficacy of vibration loading are lacking. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the musculoskeletal effects of high-frequency loading by means of whole body vibration (WBV) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Seventy volunteers (age, 58–74 years) were randomly assigned to a whole body vibration training group (WBV, n 25), a resistance training group (RES, n 22), or a control group (CON, n 23). The WBV group and the RES group trained three times weekly for 24 weeks. The WBV group performed static and dynamic knee-extensor exercises on a vibration platform (35–40 Hz, 2.28–5.09g), which mechanically loaded the bone and evoked reflexive muscle contractions. The RES group trained knee extensors by dynamic leg press and leg extension exercises, increasing from low (20 RM) to high (8 RM) resistance. The CON group did not participate in any training. Hip bone density was measured using DXA at baseline and after the 6-month intervention. Isometric and dynamic strength were measured by means of a motor-driven dynamometer. Data were analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA. Results: No vibration-related side effects were observed. Vibration training improved isometric and dynamic muscle strength ( 15% and 16%, respectively; p 0.01) and also significantly increased BMD of the hip ( 0.93%, p 0.05). No changes in hip BMD were observed in women participating in resistance training or age-matched controls ( 0.60% and 0.62%, respectively; not significant). Serum markers of bone turnover did not change in any of the groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that WBV training may be a feasible and effective way to modify wellrecognized risk factors for falls and fractures in older women and support the need for further human studies. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:352–359. Published online on December 22, 2003; doi: 10.1359/JBMR.0301245


Last year the Reserve Bank concluded a review of its foreign exchange intervention policy. The review resulted in a recommendation to the Government that the Bank be given the capacity to broaden the objectives of foreign exchange intervention towards helping the Governor achieve monetary policy objectives as dictated by the Policy Targets Agreement (PTA). This article describes our new intervention role and the implications for the management of the Bank's foreign reserves.


This research is concerned with the dynamic relationship between agricultural
advisers, knowledge and soil in England. On the basis that agricultural advisers have
always played a central role in linking research and farming practice and
implementing policy on the farm, the thesis explores the role of the adviser in
facilitating a shift towards sustainable soil management (which encompasses a range
of complex and knowledge intensive practices) and to the realisation of policy
objectives in this domain. Specifically it aims to provide detailed empirical evidence
of the role that agricultural advisers play in the acquisition, utilisation, generation
and transfer of knowledge about soil best management practice and to elicit the
factors that enable and constrain these knowledge processes. Conceptually, the
research draws on approaches to knowledge and knowledge processes in agriculture
from the allied disciplines of rural geography, rural sociology and extension science.
An actor-oriented Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) approach
provides the basis for examining adviser interactions with both the research and
farming communities. While the AKIS describes the factors that enable and
constrain how advisers engage in knowledge processes in terms of connections
across institutional interfaces between research, advice and farming, an actororiented
approach, which understands knowledge processes as social processes
operating across social interfaces, enables exploration of how individual advisers
behaving as autonomous agents resolve these constraining and enabling factors.
The- study, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, employs an extensive
postal questionnaire survey of a 163 agricultural advisers from across England and
three detailed case studies where sustainable soil management is a central theme,
namely: the Landcare Project; the UK Soil Management Initiative; and the
SUNDIAL Fertiliser Recommendation System. The data describe an advisory
community with a range of involvement, concerns and competence in soil
management. Patterns of acquisition and utilisation of knowledge about soil best
management practice revealed by the questionnaire data suggest that advisers are
actively seeking and using knowledge about soil management, although some are
more constrained than others in accessing it. These patterns, however, only provide a
partial understanding of the complex knowledge processes in which advisers engage as they operate at the boundaries between science and practice. As such, qualitative
data from the case studies are used to reveal that, in bridging the different
institutional cultures and life worlds of research and practice, advisers encounter
different understandings and expectations of soil best management practices. Rather
than simply acquiring, utilising and transferring knowledge, the data reveal that
advisers negotiate, adapt, transform, generate and integrate knowledge about soil as
they struggle to reconcile the principles of research-based soil best management
practice with the practical and business constraints of the farm. In doing this
advisers, and agronomists in particular, tend to closely align themselves with the
interests of the farming community and as such are more likely to reject or question
soil best management practice. In addition the apparent lack of advisers' competence
and skills in certain knowledge intensive soil best management practices and their
reliance on experiential knowledge further explains their reluctance to engage in soil
best management practices derived from national research. Integration of knowledge
through dialogue and understanding emerges as key to overcoming these tensions
and providing the basis for facilitating sustainable soil management. Advisers are
shown to have a central role in integrating knowledge from research and from
farmers. The processes and relationships that enable this integration are identified.
The thesis concludes with some policy relevant suggestions to improve the
effectiveness of advisers' participation in the transition to sustainable soil
management in England. These include: exploiting a diverse and flexible advisory
community; improving advisers' skills and expertise; instilling in them confidence to
provide credible and practical soil best management practice; and improving the
quality of communication between the advisers, researchers and farmers. Future
research directions are reviewed in the context of the proposed implementation of
Soil Management Plans on all farms in England as a component of cross compliance
within CAP reforms.


One of the most important soil parameters to design bearing capacity of a deep foundation is at rest lateral pressure coefficient (Ko). Ko is the coefficient of lateral earth pressure under condition of no lateral deformation. For sand and clay soils, the Ko value can be obtained using mathematics formula; it is a function of an effective internal friction angle ((AƒÂ¯A'A'¦' ) or plastic index (PI) of the soil. For peat soil, however the Ko value can not be determined using the mathematics formula developed for sand and clay soils mention above. It has to be measured directly from laboratory test using a Ko-test tube. Unfortunately, that apparatus is not available in the market.
Due to that reason , the first step of the research carried out herein is to build the Ko-test tube apparatus; afterward, it is used to determine the Ko value of peat taken from Pekantua, Riau.
The Ko-test tube was built as suggested by Abdelhamid and Krizek (1976); it was calibrated with water to determine the relationship between horizontal strain of the Ko-test tube wall and radial stress. By using the apparatus, the Ko of sand was determined; the result obtained is then compared to the Ko obtained from Jaky's formula. Whenever that apparatus gave a satisfactory result of Ko, the testing was carried on for peat soil. In this research, the vertical load chosen for the test was 50 KPa, 100 KPa, 200 KPa and 400 KPa for loading and unloading conditions.
The results show that the calibration result of the Ko-test tube can be expressed as linear equation, that is, AƒÂA†â€™r = 2.98 x 106 e average (AƒÂA†â€™r in KPa). The Ko of sand determined using the Ko-test built is comparable to that obtained using Jaky's formula, that is 0.46. Under loading condition, the Ko value of peat is constant 0.32; under unloading condition the Ko is not constant but it is function of OCR in which the increase of OCR is companied with the increase of Ko; the Ko is variase between 0.32 - 0.44. The relationship between the Ko and OCR can be expressed as a parabolic equation: Ko = 0,4757 OCR0,1579 (for sand) and Ko = 0,321 OCR6,1494 (for fibrous peat from Riau).


We present a method for constructing nonparametric confidence sets for density functions based on an approach due to Beran and Dümbgen (1998). We expand the density in an appropriate basis and we estimate the basis coefficients by using linear shrinkage methods. We then find the limiting distribution of an asymptotic pivot based on the quadratic loss function. Inverting this pivot yields a confidence ball for the density.


The argyle illusion (Adelson, 1993) is a brightness illusion in which lines, triangles, and diamonds are arranged to resemble patterns on knitted garments. The standard explanation is that, due to shapes forming x-junctions, the visual system perceives strips of dark and light transparent filters over the argyle. Since diamonds under the two different filters have the same luminance, the visual system infers that the diamonds must be of different reflectances, thus perceiving a brightness difference. Using classification images, a technique which reveals image components that influence perceptual decisions, we examined whether the x-junction explanation was correct, i.e., whether x-junctions would be the most influential parts of the classification image. We chose two test diamonds, one from each of the filtered regions, and set their luminances to observers' PSEs. Other argyle elements were corrupted with white, Gaussian noise (SD=.18). Observers (n=3, 10,200 trials each) chose which test diamond appeared brighter (2AFC). Surprisingly, classification images did not show that x-junctions were the most influential stimulus elements; rather, local contrast better explained observer choices. We also found that diamonds immediately neighbouring the test diamonds contributed to the illusion, but only if the neighbours were under the same filters as the test diamonds. This suggests a localized grouping effect, where neighbours sharing the same lighting framework moderate perceived brightness of the test diamonds. We conclude that x-junctions do not play a decisive role in the argyle illusion, and that instead, stimulus patches are compared to local grouped elements. Our experiments point towards the importance of lighting frameworks for brightness perception, and demonstrate classification images as a general technique for examining mid-level lighting effects, such as shading and transparency. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.


Optical disks are widely used in data processing. However, one of the problems is slow access time compared with that of magnetic disks, because in the former dual mechanical actuators such as a galvanomirror or voice coils are used. To achieve higher speed access, it is necessary to replace mechanical components with an electronically controlled system. A surface acoustic device is introduced into the fine access actuator and its feasibility is tested. Less than 1-ms fine access can be expected.


OBJECTIVE
To project the impact of population aging on total U.S. health care per capita costs from 2000 to 2050 and for the range of clinical areas defined by Major Practice Categories (MPCs).

DATA SOURCES
Secondary data: HealthPartners health plan administrative data; U.S. Census Bureau population projections 2000-2050; and MEPS 2001 health care annual per capita costs.

STUDY DESIGN
We calculate MPC-specific age and gender per capita cost rates using cross-sectional data for 2002-2003 and project U.S. changes by MPC due to aging from 2000 to 2050.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
HealthPartners data were grouped using purchased software. We developed and validated a method to include pharmacy costs for the uncovered.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
While total U.S. per capita costs due to aging from 2000 to 2050 are projected to increase 18 percent (0.3 percent annually), the impact by MPC ranges from a 55 percent increase in kidney disorders to a 12 percent decrease in pregnancy and infertility care. Over 80 percent of the increase in total per capita cost will result from just seven of the 22 total MPCs.

CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the differential impact of aging on costs at clinically specific levels is important for resource planning, to effectively address future medical needs of the aging U.S. population.


The United States Air Force manages approximately $2B of traditional military construction (MILCON) per year in a typical portfolio of 100-150 projects. In Fiscal Year, 2010, the Air Force's MILCON authority having jurisdiction, the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) revised its standard design instruction to supplement how it managed and directed MILCON. One of the primary differences was a requirement for all vertical construction to be designed through a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach. There were two pilot projects to assess Air Force BIM implementation. First, one project case study explored impact on typical MILCON project management practices. The HQ CENTCOM facility implemented a BIM-based approach on a standard design-bid-build project at MacDill Air Force Base, FL. A second project case study explored cutting edge research methodologies that used the BIM for facility optimization on a LEED-platinum facility. Specifically, the Tyndall Air Force Base Fitness Center targeted energy efficiency. The facility's Electronic Management Control System (EMCS) monitored pure consumption, solar photovoltaic (PV) power meter pulse output, and solar hot water recovery systems using Digital Energy Monitors (DEM) tied to the BIM via an exported database file via the EMCS server. Lastly, AFCEE partnered with Onuma to manage and leverage their new BIM-based designs to afford greater collaboration from inception onward for USAF facilities worldwide. This research investigates owners' lessons learned and designers' experiences related with the initiative under MILCON Transformation, as well as the implications for shaping future USAF MILCON management and design optimization.


Inhalation injury is one of the main causes of mortality in burn victims. The tracheobronchial epithelium sloughs and combines with a protein rich exudate to form casts of the airways that can lead to obstruction. We studied the effects of a continuous infusion of heparin on the acute pulmonary injury that occurs after smoke inhalation injury in sheep. Twelve ewes with vascular catheters received a standardized smoke inhalation injury and mechanical ventilation according to protocol for 72 hours. The heparin group (n = 6) received a 400 unit per kilogram bolus of heparin followed by a continuous infusion to maintain the activated clotting time between 250 to 300 seconds. The control group (n = 6) received a saline solution vehicle. Hemodynamics, blood gases and plasma samples for conjugated dienes were taken every six hours. At necropsy, pulmonary tissue was collected for histologic findings, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukosequestration, wet-to-dry weight ratios and conjugated dienes. PaO2 to FIO2 ratios were improved in the heparin group compared with the control group at 12 to 72 hours after injury, and peak airway pressures were higher in the control group compared with the heparin group. Positive end expiratory pressure requirements were higher in the control group compared with the heparin group. There were significantly fewer airway tracheobronchial casts as determined by our tracheobronchial casts scoring system (2.4 +/- 0.4 versus 0.67 +/- 0.21) and confirmed by histologic examination. Pulmonary blood-free wet-to-dry weight ratios were higher in the control group compared with the heparin group (6.4 +/- 0.5 versus 5.2 +/- 0.1; p < 0.05). There were no differences in pulmonary tissue or plasma conjugated dienes; likewise, pulmonary leukosequestration was unaffected by heparin. Heparin decreases tracheobronchial cast formation, improves oxygenation, minimizes barotrauma and reduces pulmonary edema in an ovine model of severe smoke inhalation injury. Heparin does not reduce oxygen free radical activity after smoke inhalation injury.


Abstract BACKGROUND No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of mild-illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to determine whether early treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) would be more efficacious than no-treatment for outpatients with mild Covid-19. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, open label, randomized controlled trial in Catalonia (Spain) between March 17, and May 26, 2020. Eligible Covid-19 cases were non-hospitalized adult patients with recently confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and less than five days of symptoms. Patients were assigned to receive HCQ (800 mg on day 1, followed by 400 mg once daily for 6 days) or no antiviral treatment (not-placebo controlled). Study outcomes were the reduction of viral RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs up to 7 days after treatment start, patient disease progression using the WHO scale up to 28 days, and time to complete resolution of symptoms. Adverse events were assessed up to 28 days. RESULTS A total of 293 patients were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis: 157 in the control arm and 136 in the intervention arm. The mean age was 41.6 years (SD 12.6), mean viral load at baseline was 7.90 (SD 1.82) Log10 copies/mL, and median time from symptom onset to randomization was 3 days. No significant differences were found in the mean reduction of viral load at day 3 (-1.41 vs. -1.41 Log10 copies/mL in the control and intervention arm, respectively; difference 0.01 [95% CI -0.28;0.29]) or at day 7 (-3.37 vs. -3.44; d –0.07 [-0.44;0.29]). This treatment regimen did not reduce risk of hospitalization (7.1%, control vs. 5.9%, intervention; RR 0.75 [0.32;1.77]) nor shortened the time to complete resolution of symptoms (12 days, control vs. 10 days, intervention; p = 0.38). No relevant treatment-related AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild Covid-19, no benefit was observed with HCQ beyond the usual care.


In the class of univariate conditional volatility models, the three most popular are the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model of Engle (1982) and Bollerslev (1986), the GJR (or threshold GARCH) model of Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle (1992), and the exponential GARCH (or EGARCH) model of Nelson (1990, 1991). For purposes of deriving the mathematical regularity properties, including invertibility, to determine the likelihood function for estimation, and the statistical conditions to establish asymptotic properties, it is convenient to understand the stochastic properties underlying the three univariate models. The random coefficient autoregressive process was used to obtain GARCH by Tsay (1987), an extension of which was used by McAleer (2004) to obtain GJR. A random coefficient complex nonlinear moving average process was used by McAleer and Hafner (2014) to obtain EGARCH. These models can be used to capture asymmetry, which denotes the different effects on conditional volatility of positive and negative effects of equal magnitude, and possibly also leverage, which is the negative correlation between returns shocks and subsequent shocks to volatility (see Black 1979). McAleer (2014) showed that asymmetry was possible for GJR, but not leverage. McAleer and Hafner showed that leverage was not possible for EGARCH. Surprisingly, the conditions for asymmetry in EGARCH seem to have been ignored in the literature, or have concentrated on the incorrect conditions, with no clear explanation, and hence with associated misleading interpretations. The purpose of the paper is to derive the regularity condition for asymmetry in EGARCH to provide the correct interpretation. It is shown that, in practice, EGARCH always displays asymmetry, though not leverage.


For John Forrester, the 'case', particularly in its psychoanalytic version, makes possible a science of the particular – knowledge open to the differences of individuals and situations. This article takes up that aspect of Forrester's account that linked the psychoanalytic case with forms of autobiography – new narrations of that particular self. After Freud, many authors – literary and psychoanalytic – have taken up the challenge of narrating subjectivity in new forms, engaging a quasi-psychoanalytic framework (H. D., Walter Benjamin, Frantz Fanon, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick are examples). Focusing on Luisa Passerini's text Autobiography of a Generation, which deals with the Italian experience of 1968, the article examines some of the features of such hybrid texts, and argues that psychoanalysis makes a contribution not just to the forms of self-investigation they pursue, but more significantly to the search for a radically new methodology of narration. Such models end up as 'impossible' cases, but in so doing they explore new interdisciplinary means for understanding the historical shaping of subjectivity.


This paper puts the issues of election integrity that arose in 2016 in context. First, I identify four integrity-related themes that have arisen in American elections since the 2000 presidential election. Second, I examine what it means to assess the health of the American electoral system. Third, I provide two frameworks for assessing the health of the election system, one that takes the perspective of a typical voter, the other that focuses on the flow of information in an election. I conclude by bringing this discussion back to the specific case of 2016, providing a preliminary assessment of the health of the election process in the most recent federal election.


Abstract. Standardised, quality-controlled and robust data from flux networks underpin the understanding of ecosystem processes and tools necessary to support the management of natural resources, including water, carbon and nutrients for environmental and production benefits. The Australian regional flux network (OzFlux) currently has 23 active sites and aims to provide a continental-scale national research facility to monitor and assess Australia's terrestrial biosphere and climate for improved predictions. Given the need for standardised and effective data processing of flux data, we have developed a software suite, called the Dynamic INtegrated Gap-filling and partitioning for OzFlux (DINGO), that enables gap-filling and partitioning of the primary fluxes into ecosystem respiration (Fre) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and subsequently provides diagnostics and results. We outline the processing pathways and methodologies that are applied in DINGO (v13) to OzFlux data, including (1) gap-filling of meteorological and other drivers; (2) gap-filling of fluxes using artificial neural networks; (3) the u* threshold determination; (4) partitioning into ecosystem respiration and gross primary productivity; (5) random, model and u* uncertainties; and (6) diagnostic, footprint calculation, summary and results outputs. DINGO was developed for Australian data, but the framework is applicable to any flux data or regional network. Quality data from robust systems like DINGO ensure the utility and uptake of the flux data and facilitates synergies between flux, remote sensing and modelling.


I evaluate the mechanism Rawls uses to elicit his just savings principle. My analysis focuses on his account of membership in the original position because who is in the original position and what they know has important consequences for the rest of Rawls' theory of intergenerational justice. I consider three options: present time of entry (PTE), actual people from various generations, and all possible people. However, I will argue that Rawls is ultimately not successful since there is no plausible composition of the original position that avoids the non-identity problem and generates acceptable moral principles without logical contradictions or inconsistencies with the rest of his theory of justice.


This paper highlights the efficiency of ultrasonication, as a clean and energy-saving method for the preparation of cellulose–iron oxide ferromagnetic composites in two steps. Hydroxyl-functionalized maghemite–goethite nanoparticles (MG) having a saturation magnetization of 56.9 emu g−1 at room temperature were first synthesized by a one-pot procedure involving ultrasonication of an aqueous alkaline Fe2+ salt solution. Organic–inorganic nanocomposites were obtained by a second ultrasonication step of an aqueous suspension of micronized cellulose and MG nanoparticles. The cumulative effect of ultrasonication and MG nano-projectiles was found to strongly decrease the degree of crystallinity of cellulose. The microstructural characterisation of the resulting composite evidenced its size polydispersity, with small nanoparticles uniformly attached on the surface of cellulose microfibrils. Vibrating sample magnetic measurement indicated a hysteresis curve specific to ferromagnetic materials and the appearance of a superparamagnetic phenomenon at low temperature (a blocking temperature of 62 K). Cellulose/iron oxide clusters with an average size around 7 nm and characterized by high decomposition temperatures (around 645 °C) were proven to be responsible for the observed superparamagnetic phenomenon. The superiority of the ultrasonication process versus a procedure involving simple mechanical stirring, in terms of composite yield, dispersion uniformity of MG nanoparticles and magnetic properties is discussed.


Abstract Background: Most surgical patients do not recognise the role played by anaesthetists in the perioperative period because of poor public knowledge of anaesthesia as a medical discipline. This study was conducted to determine patients' knowledge of anaesthesia and of the qualifications and role of anaesthetists in patient care. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 229 consecutive adult patients aged 18 years and above, scheduled for elective surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, was conducted over a three-month period. Results: Of the 229 patients studied, 90 (39.3%) were males and 139 (60.7%) were females. Ninety-nine (43.2%) had a history of previous anaesthesia and surgery, while 130 (56.8%) had no previous experience of anaesthesia. One-third (33 of 99) of patients who had past experience of anaesthesia knew that anaesthesia is administered by qualified anaesthetists. Among 130 patients without a history of previous anaesthetics, 63 (48.5%) had no idea of what the role of the anaesthetist was, 31 (23.8%) listed putting patients to sleep, monitoring vital signs and offering pain relief, and 25 (19.2%) knew that anaesthetists should administer anaesthetics. Patients who had tertiary education (44.1%) had a significantly higher knowledge of the anaesthetist's role than those with only secondary (33.2%) or primary education (15.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients have poor knowledge of anaesthesia and the role of anaesthetists in the care of surgical patients. This knowledge deficit should be addressed and made part of the general preoperative care to enable patients to cope better with a view to improving the outcome of surgical procedures.


On 3 May 2008, Cyclone Nargis hit the shores of Myanmar. The government of Myanmar refused to grant international humanitarian relief efforts access to the devastated regions. This triggered an impactful debate on whether aid should be delivered coercively, and whether this was a case in which the principle of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) applied. This article traces the evolution of these disputes, as well as their impact on the testing and delineation of the boundaries of R2P. The main impact of the Myanmar debate was a return of R2P to its roots by re-centring the emerging norm on the original four core crimes, excluding the consequences of natural disasters and the delivery of humanitarian aid. Furthermore, in the Myanmar debate, the effectiveness of the R2P frame in international coalition building was brought to its limits, with some actors highlighting the potentially incendiary nature of using this frame. Hence, this article argues that Myanmar proved to be the first test case for demarcating the core of R2P.


A 15th-century canal system in the Metro Colombo area of Sri Lanka was studied to identify its capacity in controlling floods. The canal system was modelled by MIKE FLOOD for 10, 25 and 50-year return periods of rainfalls to achieve respective floods. The impacts of the considered rainfalls were analyzed considering the flood levels, inundation distributions and affected people. Two simulation scenarios which were based on the river boundary conditions were carried out in the study and they were categorized as favourable and least favorable. It was identified that under the existing conditions, the canal system could handle only a 10-year rainfall flood event under the favourable condition. Therefore, the canal system's sustainability for future anticipated extreme events is suspicious. To mitigate such floods, four countermeasures were introduced and their impacts were analyzed. When the countermeasures were introduced one at a time, the flood water levels were lowered locally and they were not up to the flood safety levels of the surrounding area. When all four countermeasures were introduced together, the flood water levels were significantly lowered below the flood safety levels for a 50-year design rainfall under the favourable condition. The reduction of the inundated area was significant in the case of applying all four countermeasures together. In that case, a 46% inundation area reduction and a 49% reduction in the number of affected people were achieved.


Fumigant pesticides are frequently used in intensive agriculture to control nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Currently, four registered fumigants are available: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl bromide (MeBr). The use of 1,3-D, MITC, and CP can be expected to increase after MeBr is completely phased out of production in the USA in 2005. In soil, the degradation of 1,3-D, MITC, CP, and MeBr occurs through both chemical and biological mechanisms. Repeated applications of the fumigants MITC and 1,3-D are known to enhance their biodegradation as a result of adapted microorganisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the microorganisms responsible for enhanced degradation of MITC specifically target the isothiocyanate functional group. In the case of 1,3-D, a number of bacteria have been isolated that are capable of degrading 1,3-D and also using it as a sole C and energy source. Of the two isomers of 1,3-D, degradation of trans -1,3-D was found to be greater than that of cis -1,3-D in enhanced soil. Methyl bromide is mainly degraded chemically in soil by hydrolysis and methylation of nucleophilic sites on soil organic matter. Both degradation reactions occur via S 2 N nucleophilic substitution. Methanotrophic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can co-oxidize MeBr during the oxidation of methane and ammonia, respectively. The microbiological degradation of MeBr is apparently catalyzed by methane and ammonia monooxygenase. Chloropicrin can be dehalogenated by Pseudomonas spp., with the major metabolic pathway occurring through three successive reductive dehalogenations to nitromethane.


Late Cretaceous Zagros ophiolites are part of the c. 3000 km long Late Cretaceous Ophiolite Belt of SW Asia including the Troodos (Cyprus), eastern Mediterranean (Turkey, Syria), Zagros (Iran) and Semail ophiolites (Oman). This ophiolite belt represents a magmatic forearc that formed when subduction of the Neotethys began along the SW margin of Eurasia. Geochronological data for Zagros ophiolites are limited to a few K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar ages. New thermal ionization mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon ages indicate that the Nain and Dehshir ophiolites of central Iran formed c. 101–103 Ma, with Nain (102.9 ± 0.3 Ma) being c. 1 Ma older than Dehshir (100.9 ± 0.2 Ma; 100.4 ± 0.1 Ma), and that these ophiolites were emplaced almost immediately after formation (Nain emplacement 101.2 ± 0.2 Ma; Dehshir emplacement 99.0 ± 1.1 Ma). These formation ages are significantly older than the 98–90 Ma U–Pb zircon ages of other Late Cretaceous ophiolites in this belt such as the Kizildag (Turkey), Semail (Oman) and Troodos ophiolites (Cyprus). If the subduction initiation model applies to this ophiolite belt, it suggests that subduction initiation began near the Zagros margin and propagated at c. 7 cm a−1 to the east (Semail) and c. 15 cm a−1 to the west (Troodos). Supplementary materials: Simplified geological maps of the Nain and Dehshir ophiolites, showing sample locations, are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18554.


Wettability of soil affects a wide variety of processes including infiltration, preferential flow and surface runoff. The problem of determining contact angles and surface energy of powders, such as soil particles, remains unsolved. So far, several theories and approaches have been proposed, but formulation of surface and interfacial free energy, as regards its components, is still a very debatable issue. In the present study, the general problem of the interpretation of contact angles and surface free energy on chemically heterogeneous and rough soil particle surfaces is evaluated by a reformulation of the Cassie‐Baxter equation, assuming that the particles are attached on to a plane and rigid surface. Compared with common approaches, our model considers a roughness factor that depends on the Young's Law contact angle determined by the surface chemistry. Results of the model are discussed and compared with independent contact angle measurements using the Sessile Drop and the Wilhelmy Plate methods. Based on contact angle data, the critical surface tension of the grains were determined by the method proposed by Zisman. Experiments were made with glass beads and three soil materials ranging from sand to clay. Soil particles were coated with different loadings of dichlorodimethylsilane (DCDMS) to vary the wettability. Varying the solid surface tension using DCDMS treatments provided pure water‐wetting behaviours ranging from wettable to extremely hydrophobic, with contact angles > 150°. Results showed that the critical surface energy measured on grains with the highest DCDMS loadings was similar to the surface energy measured independently on ideal DCDMS‐coated smooth glass plates, except for the clay soil. Contact angles measured on plane surfaces were related to contact angles measured on rough grain surfaces using the new model based on the combined Cassie‐Baxter Wenzel equation, which takes into account the particle packing density on the sample surface.


Observational studies and clinical trials have become increasingly important over recent years and play an essential role in advancing medical knowledge. In today's world of clinical research, it is not possible to imagine trials without the founda-tion of a well-established it-infrastructure. Electronic capture and usage of data is pervasive.
In practice, medical progress requires the ability to integrate data from different systems. An essential factor in enabling different actors, such as institutions and hospitals, to have their systems exchange structured data and make use of the information is the interoperability of the data and systems.
FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources) is a free and easily customizable HL7 platform standard, based on 30 years of experience of HL7. It is focused on providing health-related information and defines a set of capabilities used in the health care process.
This thesis will provide a conceptual approach for working with FHIR, as well as concrete approaches for working with FHIR profiles and for customizing the standard for particular use cases. It will be carried out in cooperation with the Medical Systems R&D, which is a service provider within the University Hospital of Cologne.
The guiding request approach will focus on the evaluation of requirements for clini-cal trials and how clinical research protocols can be represented in an interoperable and machine-parsable format using FHIR.


In this study, we adopt a corpus-based approach to the analysis of the distributional patterns of major types of pronouns across different genres in two comparable balanced corpora in English and Chinese. Utilizing results from state-of-the-art grammatical parsers, we find considerable variation in the distribution of pronouns in different genres. While English tends to employ consistently more pronouns in every genre than Chinese, the distributional patterns of pronouns in the two languages across the genres are highly patterned and significantly correlated with one another, suggesting that pronouns can play similar functional roles in varying contextual situations in the two languages. Of the subtypes of pronouns in the two languages, five are found to be directly comparable. Personal pronouns are found to have the most similar (correlated) genre distribution in the two languages, while demonstrative pronouns share the least similarity. The distributional patterns for each pronoun type are investigated and their underlying functional and cultural implications discussed. Our study suggests that the identification of these classes of pronouns can in large part be automated with the help of state-of-the-art part-of-speech taggers and dependency parsers. The results of this study can inform future research and application involving pronouns, with implications ranging from cross-linguistic studies of grammatical features to second language acquisition.


In the post-Washington Consensus era, increasing emphasis on private sector-led strategies for economic growth has contributed to the focus of policymakers on entrepreneurship. However, many programs designed to support entrepreneurship are based on an erroneous and biased image of the entrepreneur, with important consequences for development processes and outcomes. Longstanding ideology underlying the entrepreneur as a rugged individual hero shapes not only the masculinist notion of entrepreneurship in most societies, but also the narrow focus and structure of entrepreneurship programs. Microfinance, however, is generally conceptualized as being "different" from other programs, particularly given its informal sector reach and common group lending model. This paper investigates the extent to which microfinance is able to build community, and to sustain individual entrepreneurs' attention to social solidarity economy. Alternative approaches to microfinance, which fundamentally restructure the way it works — specifically considering the issue of community-building — are discussed as a possible "next evolution" of this form of social enterprise.


In 1996, John P. Kotter's Leading Change became a runaway best seller, outlining an eight-step program for organizational change that was embraced by executives around the world. Then, Kotter and co-author Dan Cohen's The Heart of Change introduced the revolutionary "see-feel-change" approach, which helped executives understand the crucial role of emotion in successful change efforts. Now, The Heart of Change Field Guide provides leaders and managers tools, frameworks, and advice for bringing these breakthrough change methods to life within their own organizations. Written by Dan Cohen and with a foreword by John P. Kotter, the guide provides a practical framework for implementing each step in the change process, as well as a new three-phase approach to execution: creating a climate for change, engaging and enabling the whole organization, and implementing and sustaining change. Hands-on diagnostics--including a crucial "change readiness module"--reveal the dynamics that will help or hinder success at each phase of the change process. Both flexible and scaleable, the frameworks presented in this guide can be tailored for any size or type of change initiative. Filled with practical tools, checklists, and expert commentary, this must-have guide translates the most powerful approaches available for creating successful change into concrete, actionable steps for you and your organization. Dan Cohen is the co-author, with John P. Kotter, of The Heart of Change, and a principal with Deloitte Consulting, LLC.


There is a disconnect in most companies between strategy formulation and strategy execution. On average, 95% of a company's employees are unaware of, or do not understand, its strategy. If employees are unaware of the strategy, they surely cannot help the organization implement it effectively. It doesn't have to be like this. For the past 15 years, the authors have studied companies that achieved performance breakthroughs by adopting the Balanced Scorecard and its associated tools to help them better communicate strategy to their employees and to guide and monitor the execution of that strategy. Some companies, of course, have achieved better, longer-lasting improvements than others. The organizations that have managed to sustain their strategic focus have typically established a new corporate-level unit to oversee all activities related to strategy: an office of strategy management (OS M). The OSM, in effect, acts as the CEO's chief of staff. It coordinates an array of tasks: communicating corporate strategy; ensuring that enterprise-level plans are translated into the plans of the various units and departments; executing strategic initiatives to deliver on the grand design; aligning employees' plans for competency development with strategic objectives; and testing and adapting the strategy to stay abreast of the competition. The OSM does not do all the work, but it facilitates the processes so that strategy is executed in an integrated fashion across the enterprise. Although the companies that Kaplan and Norton studied use the Balanced Scorecard as the framework for their strategy management systems, the authors say the lessons of the OSM are applicable even to companies that do not use it.


Recent advances in model acquisition, computer-aided design, and simulation technologies have resulted in massive databases of complex geometric models consisting of more than tens or hundreds of millions of triangles. In spite of the rapid progress in the performance of CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs), it may not be possible to visualize or perform collision detection between massive models at interactive rates on commodity hardware. In this thesis, we present dynamic simplification and cache-coherent layout algorithms for interactive visualization and collision detection between large models, in order to bridge the gap between the performance of commodity hardware and high model complexity.
Firstly, we present a novel dynamic simplification algorithm that efficiently handles massive models for view-dependent rendering while alleviating discontinuity problems such as visual poppings that arise when switching between different level-of-details (LODs). We describe an out-of-core construction algorithm for hierarchical simplification of massive models that cannot fit into main memory. We also apply dynamic simplification to collision detection and introduce a new conservative metric to perform fast and conservative collision detection between massive models. Our approach is conservative in that it may overestimate the set of colliding primitives, but never misses any collisions.
Secondly, we present novel cache-oblivious layout algorithms for polygonal meshes and hierarchies to minimize the expected number of cache misses for a wide variety of applications. Our layout algorithms only assume that runtime applications have random, but cache-coherent access patterns. However, we do not require any knowledge of cache parameters such as block and cache sizes. We demonstrate benefits of our layout algorithm on three different applications including view-dependent rendering, collision detection, and isosurface extraction.
We have implemented our algorithms on a desktop PC and are able to achieve significant improvements over previous approaches and obtain interactive performance (more than 10 frames per second) on view-dependent rendering and collision detection between massive and complex models.


Since their birth in the 19th-century, historical museums have been endowed with a social role. Today, they are more particularly intended to disseminate a "shared memory" and encourage "tolerant citizenship". This state of affairs has inspired numerous works. Yet, when confronted with an historical exhibit, the famous visitors' gaze mainly remains to be decoded. The present article addresses it on the basis of original material: the 2012 historical exhibition sponsored by the City of Paris to commemorate the Vel' d'Hiv' roundup. As a member of the exhibition committee, I was able to conduct participant observation field work concerning its genesis. Employing a new approach and new material allowed me to understand how a public narrative concerning history is constructed by politics. In other words, what does it mean to present the past? A collective survey of visitors was subsequently conducted to determine how the exhibition's presentation of the past via images was seen (or not seen). In other words, what does one see of the past when it is presented to one? ■


Memory Consolidation
When we remember events, we often also remember what we were feeling at the time. Cambiaghi et al. asked where in the brain we store such connections. To answer this, they conditioned rats to associate a tone with an unpleasant experience. They then simultaneously recorded from two brain regions, the higher-order auditory cortex and the amygdala, 1 day and 1 month after the conditioning. Animals displayed fearful behavior at both time points, and both areas showed learning-evoked changes. However, the two brain regions only interacted significantly after 1 month had passed. The degree of interaction predicted the animals' ability to recognize the tone as unpleasant.

J. Neurosci. 36 , 1647 (2016).


In clinical practice, breast cancer is currently divided into subtypes based on immunohistochemical expression of the estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These subtypes are crucial for treatment choice and outcome. However, even within these subgroups there is great variability in tumor behavior. This variability within breast cancer subtypes should presumably have clinical implications for treatment decision-making and the potential of novel therapeutic targets. However, conducting trials to investigate treatment efficacy and validate diagnostics are costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it takes a long time to translate the knowledge regarding tumor variability within breast cancer subtypes into clinical implications for patients. To speed up this translation, using low-cost tools for hypothesis-generation could be very convenient. In this thesis, we used a large database of publicly available gene expression profiles as a low-cost tool to gain insight into how to improve patient selection for systemic therapy and to explore potential new therapeutic targets for difficult to treat subtypes of breast cancer. This has led to the generation of multiple hypotheses which require further study in sets of tumors from patients participating in larger prospective, preferably randomized trials. Ultimately, these findings could contribute to the further improvement of patient outcome in early-stage breast cancer.


After graduating from the University of Florida in 2006 with a degree in Recreation, Parks, and Tourism, I started my career as a special events coordinator for the fashion company Burberry in New York City.  However, after working in the industry for several years and living an unfulfilled lifestyle, I decided to move out of NYC and volunteer for a Global Trip with Habitat for Humanity in Hawaii.  Thanks to this experience, I met a professor in my group who encouraged me to explore graduate programs.  Coupled with her support, I searched for a graduate program that bridged my interest of tourism and sustainability, since I was impressed with the numerous sustainable initiatives implemented within environmental and historical touristic spaces in Hawaii.  Looking to Google for the answer, I stumbled across the Masters for Sustainable Tourism program at East Carolina University (ECU) which luckily changed my career trajectory and most importantly, my epistemological and ontological perspectives.   I was part of the first cohort that graduated in the MS Sustainable Tourism program at ECU in 2011.  During my tenure at ECU, I explored the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable tourism working with scholars in marketing, geography, sociology, interior design, economics, and anthropology.  My research stream started under the direction of Dr. Derek Alderman (Cultural Geographer) around film-induced tourism and the politics of power and place, resulting in three publications based on my thesis work: Mayberry Days Festival in Mount Airy, North Carolina.  My interdisciplinary interest led me to the University of South Carolina where I graduated with a PhD in Educational Foundations of Inquiry and was introduced to critical scholars and theoretical frameworks including critical race theory, feminist theory, and critical theory.  Informed by CRT and bridging tourism and education studies, my dissertation explored counter-narrative enslaved performances at three Southern plantation museums in North Carolina resulting in publications in the journal of International Journal of Heritage Studies (Benjamin & Alderman, 2018) and featured in Tourism and Wellness: Travel for the Good of All? Currently, I am an Assistant Professor in the Retail, Hospitality, & Tourism Management department at the University of Tennessee, USA (see http://rhtm.utk.edu/people/stefanie-benjamin/). My research interests include social equity in tourism around the intersectionality of race, gender, sexual orientation, and people with disabilities. I continue my research and community outreach through the Tourism RESET (Race, Ethnicity, Social Equity in Tourism) Initiative.  Tourism RESET is a multi-university and interdisciplinary research and outreach initiative that seeks to identify, study, and challenge patterns of social inequity in the tourism industry.  My research agenda embraces RESET's main objective where I am currently collaborating with Dr. Alana Dillette around the Black Travel Movement (BTM) where we are interviewing BTM social "influencers." We also explored the trending hashtag #TravelingWhileBlack to understand Black travelers' lived experiences, challenges, and barriers to traveling while Black and were recently nominated for "Best Paper" at TTRA 2018.  Furthermore, I am exploring how people with disabilities are marketed and represented in tourism marketing. Creating inclusive spaces with tourism marketing material is essential and I am working with industry professionals and Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) to help facilitate paths for inclusiveness, not just accessibility, within touristic experiences and destinations. In addition to research with marginalized and underrepresented groups, I continue to work on film-induced tourism research and improvisation.  For instance, I am exploring how film-tourists are consuming Game of Thrones tourism through Instagram posts and the effect it is having on "over-tourism" in Iceland.  Additionally, I was mentioned in a BuzzFeed article (I Went To A Dirty Dancing Festival And It Made Me Weepy https://www.buzzfeed.com/elisabethdonnelly/i-went-to-a-dirty-dancing-festival-and-it-made-me-weepy?utm_term=.pl4BYa3vnJ) around my data collection with Dr. Whitney Knollenberg at the 2017 Dirty Dancing Festival where we explored how attendees helped to co-create the film-induced tourism experience through a qualitative content analysis of attendees' social media posts.  Additionally, I continue to research how improvisation theater games can assist faculty, students, and industry leaders to become better communicators, collaborators, and creative/critical thinkers. As a trained improv theater performer, I was invited to several academic conferences, DMOs, and corporations to facilitate her improv workshops (https://improvwithstefanie.weebly.com/) to help increase self-efficacy, communication, and creative thinking with faculty, students, and staff.  I also received several internal grants to implement the workshops on campus and created a new introduction honors course, Improv(e) you! Lastly, I recently published an article exploring PhD students' well-being and mental health through the methodology of Volunteer Employed Photography in the International Journal of Doctoral Studies (Benjamin, Williams & Maher, 2017) . I'm also actively engaged in a variety of academic and industry activities including serving as an Associate Editor for eRTR , journal reviewer for numerous academic journals, U.T. Faculty Senate alternate, U.T. Teaching Learning Initiative Faculty Mentor, U.T. Educational Advancement Program's Summer Research Institute Undergraduate Research Mentor, serve on several interdisciplinary dissertation committees, and presented at several conferences including ICHRIE, TTRA, CIDER, CTS, and SECSA.  Additionally, in March, 2018 at SECSA, I moderated the Industry Panel Session " The Changing Tide: Women Leadership in Hospitality and Tourism" , co-facilitated a workshop titled " Keeping it Real: Normalizing Failure and Promoting Transparency in the Classroom" , and won " Best Faculty Led Presentation ." Lastly, I am passionate about learning innovative pedagogies and helping my students become critical and creative scholars by implementing experiential learning activities that result in student led projects with community stakeholders. Lastly, I was recognized as a " phenomenal teacher " by the U.T. Philanthropy and Community Service for the Panhellenic Council in 2018. In my time away from research and teaching, I perform comedy improv with my troupe, Einstein Simplified (http://www.einsteinsimplified.com), every Tuesday night in Knoxville, Tennessee.  My dog, Rory, is my best companion where we venture on hiking trails around Tennessee and visit local breweries. I also enjoy spending time going to the movies, practicing yoga, and laughing with friends and family.


Indonesia is a country where small ruminants are important in religious festivities. This study analyzes small ruminant marketing opportunities on account of the Moslem feast of sacrifice, Idul Adha, in three agroecological zones in Central Java. Small ruminant marketing is classified into three categories, namely: 1) good – the market situation associated with the religious feast of Idul Adha; 2) risky –usually occurring in August and September when farmers need cash to prepare the paddy fields and to pay school fees; and 3) normal – which is how the market situation may be described in the other parts of the year. A total of 150 farmers are visited monthly, over a period of one year, to observe their marketing strategies and the economic benefits gained from keeping small ruminants. Sheep fattening on the basis of rice bran supplementation is explored as a feasible innovation for the lowlands. Ten small ruminant markets are monitored two times corresponding to each of the three market situations. Added to this, 42 roadside sellers and 44 mosques are visited. The supply, demand, price, and weight of animals offered at the markets show a peak during Idul Adha. In the lowlands and middle zone, sheep are preferred over goats as sacrificial offerings during Idul Adha. In the uplands, goats dominate the farming system and the small ruminants' markets. The Idul Adha market requires male ruminants of one year of age with a bodyweight of above 25 kilograms. The majority of the farmers are not able to adjust the raising of their small ruminants in time for Idul Adha, because of their small flock sizes and the fact that they have to sell their animals to meet urgent cash needs, in particular at the end of the dry season and the start of the school year. Farmers possess minimal marketing information and usually complain about the prices they receive for their merchandise. The raising of these animals is only a secondary activity on these mixed farms. Value added estimates from small ruminants per hour of family labor input are 33–38 percent below the minimum wage labor rate. The proposed innovation to introduce sheep fattening in the lowlands for Idul Adha proves to be economically viable; however, the number of sheep that households can fatten is limited.


Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines. The mechanical engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and product life cycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery.


Lung transplantation is a widely accepted therapeutic option for end stage lung disease. Clinical outcome is yet challenged by primary graft failure responsible for the majority of the early mortality, by chronic allograft dysfunction and chronic rejection accounting for more than 30% of deaths after the third postoperative year. Pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP) A, B, C and D are one of the first host defense mechanisms the lung can mount. SP-A in particular, produced by the type II pneumocytes, is active in the innate and adaptive immune system being an opsonin, but also regulating the macrophage and lymphocyte response. The main hypothesis for this project is that pulmonary surfactant protein A polymorphism may determine the early and long term lung allograft survival. Of note SP-A biologic activity seems to be genetically determined and SP-A polymorphisms have been associated to various lung disease. The two SP-A genes SP-A1 and SP-A2 have several polymorphisms within the coding region, SP-A1 (6A, 6A2-20), and SP-A2(1A, 1A0-13). The SP-A gene expression is regulated by cAMP, TTF-1 and glucocorticoids. In vitro studies have indicated that SP-A1 and SP-A2 gene variants may have a variable response to glucocorticoids. We proposed to determine if SP-A gene polymorphism predicts primary graft dysfunction and/or chronic lung allograft dysfunction and if SP-A may serve as a biomarker of lung allograft dysfunction. We also proposed to study the interaction between immunosuppressive drugs and SP-A expression and determine whether this is dependent on SP-A polymorphisms. This study will generate novel information improving our understanding of lung allograft dysfunction. It is conceivable that the information will stimulate the interest for a multi centre study to investigate if SP-A polymorphism may be integrated in the donor lung selection criteria and/or to implement post transplant tailored immunosuppression.


Research on European Union (EU)–Russia cooperation in migration issues often neglects important actors involved in these seemingly bilateral arrangements. This paper questions the role that the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) has been playing in the EU–Russia cooperation in migration management. The analysis is situated in the theoretical framework describing international organisations (IOs) as bureaucracies and within the discussions about international migration governance and migration management. The paper describes the context of the EU–Russia migration management cooperation and identifies the major activities of IOM in Russia. Treating IOs as bureaucracies that pursue their own interests, the paper argues that, far from being a mere implementing body, IOM is an actor that, to a significant extent, has shaped the outcome of EU–Russia migration dialogue. At the same time, it is the context of this bilateral cooperation that has allowed IOM to strengthen its position vis-à-vis both Russia and the EU and to be successful in the competition with other IOs.


The intracellular life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is modelled using ordinary differential equations (ODEs).  Model parameters are obtained from the literature or fitted to experimental data using parameter estimation procedures.  Key steps in the life cycle are inhibited singly and in combination to show the effects on viral replication.  The results validate the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and in addition DNA nuclear import is identified as a novel influential therapeutic target.


The Mach 3.0 micro-kernel provides a foundation for the emulation of various operating systems with a combination of libraries and Mach servers. We present a general-purposenaming facility to help construct such emulation systems by assembling many independent servers. This facility defines a set of standard interfaces for a uniform name spacewith uniform accessmediation and a set of practical mechanisms to integrate servers into this name space, through prefix tables and ancillary servers supporting special mount points. We then discuss the application of this facility to UNIX 4.3 BSD emulation, to a secure system with a centralized trusted name server, and to larger distributed systems.


The need to predict with reasonable accuracy the fate of soil C and N compounds in soils in response to climate change is stimulating interest in a new generation of microscale models of soil ecosystem processes. Essential to the development of such models is the ability to describe the growth and metabolism of small numbers of individual microorganisms. In this context, the key objective of the research described in this article was to further develop an individual-based soil organic matter (SOM) model, INDISIM-SOM, first proposed a few years ago, and to assess its performance with a broader data set than previously considered. The INDISIM-SOM models the dynamics and evolution of C and N associated with organic matter in soils. The model involves a number of state variables and parameters related to SOM and microbial activity, including growth and decay of microbial biomass, temporal evolution of mineralized intermediate C and N, mineral N in ammonium and nitrate, carbon dioxide, and O2. Simulation results demonstrate good fit of the model to experimental data from laboratory incubation experiments performed on three different types of Mediterranean soils. A second objective was to determine the sensitivity of the model toward its various parameters. Sensitivity was small for several of the parameters, suggesting possible simplifications of the model for specific uses, but was significant particularly for the parameter associated with the fraction of the soil C present in the biomass. These results suggest that research should be focused on improving the measurement of this latter parameter.


Genres are staged, structured, communicative events, motivated by various communicative purposes, and performed by members of specific discourse communities (Swales, 1990; Bhatia, 1993, 2004; Berkenkotter and Huckin, 1995; Johns, 1997). Since its inception with the two seminal works on the topic by Swales (1990) and Bhatia (1993), genre analysis has taken pride of place in much of the ongoing research in languages for specific purposes (LSP). The goal of much of this research is pedagogic, the understanding being that good genre descriptions can feed into pedagogy in the form of syllabus and materials design. This chapter considers four dichotomies for genre research. These dichotomies are: 1. Individual genres vs genre networks; 2. Written vs spoken genres; 3. Macro vs micro levels of analysis; and 4. Move structure vs. lexico-grammar. Each of these dichotomies has important implications for LSP pedagogy, not just the last, and these are highlighted in the course of the chapter.


Aim and Objectives: To examine the concordance of the Libyan Pharmaceutical List of Essential Medicines (LPLEM) with the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines 2009 (WMLEM 2009). Methods: The concordance between generic medicines listed in the WMLEM 2009 (standard reference list) and the LPLEM 2006 (comparator list) was evaluated. Results: The total number of Basic Essential Medicines (BEMs) listed on the WMLEM 2009 was 347. The total number of generic medicines listed on the LPLEM was 584. Although the LPLEM has more listed medicines, only 270 (77.6%) of BEMs from the WMLEM were listed as available. However, 25 of the 77 missing medicines were deemed to have appropriate alternatives. A total of 52 medicines from the WMLEM 2009 were therefore missing from the LPLEM. Discrepancies compared to the WMLEM 2009 were identified in 15 out of 29 therapeutic sections. The highest discrepancy rate from the WMLEM 2009 was in the anti-infective section (35 missing medicines). Missing BEMs were noted in many subclassifications of the anti-infective medicines section, but omissions were particularly prevalent in the antibacterial medicines subsection (11 missing medicines). Antituberculosis medications had the highest discrepancy rate for antibacterial BEMs with one-third of the single medicines recommended by the WHO in the WMLEM 2009 not listed on the LPLEM. Of the 314 additional medicines on the LPLEM, 18 were deemed to be irrational non-essential medicines. Conclusion: The LPLEM does not include several essential medicines recommended by the WHO in the WMLEM 2009. These discrepancies may have serious public health implications for management of some infectious diseases, particularly, tuberculosis and HIV.


OF DISSERTATION DEVELOPING THE REHABILITATION EDUCATION FOR CAREGIVERS AND PATIENTS (RECAP) MODEL: APPLICATION TO PHYSICAL THERAPY IN STROKE REHABILITATION Patient and caregiver education is recognized as a critical component of stroke rehabilitation and physical therapy practice yet the informational needs of stroke survivors and caregivers are largely unmet and optimal educational interventions need to be established. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a theory and model of "Rehabilitation Education for Caregivers and Patients" (RECAP) in the context of physical therapy and stroke rehabilitation, grounded in the experiences and perceptions of stroke survivors, their caregivers, and physical therapists. Qualitative research methods with a novel grounded theory approach were used. Potential constructs of RECAP were identified from existing research. Next, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 stroke survivors and 12 caregivers from rural Appalachian Kentucky, a region with high incidence of stroke and lower levels of educational attainment. Lastly, 13 physical therapists, representing inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient, and home health, were recruited and participated in pre-interview reflection activities and interviews. Data analysis involved predetermined and emerging coding and a constant comparative method was employed. Verification strategies included self-reflective memos, analytic memos, peer debriefing, and triangulation. The theory generated from this dissertation is: physical therapists continually assess the educational needs of stroke survivors and caregivers, to participate in dynamic educational interactions that involve the provision of comprehensive content, at a point in time, delivered through diverse teaching methods and skilled communication. This phenomenon is influenced by characteristics of the physical therapist and receiver (stroke survivor/caregiver) and occurs within the context of the physical therapist's professional responsibility, the multidisciplinary team, a complex healthcare system, and the environmental/socio-cultural context. The RECAP theoretical model depicts the relationships between the core and encompassing constructs of the theory. The RECAP theory and model presents a significant advancement in the study of patient and caregiver education in physical therapy in stroke rehabilitation. This research provides a springboard to inform future research, guide RECAP in stroke physical therapy practice, design optimal educational interventions, develop training tools for entry-level curriculum and practicing clinicians, and to potentially translate to the practice of patient and caregiver education for other rehabilitation professionals and patient populations. ! !


Asbestos, silica, benzene, and other mass tort-related claims have been forcing U.S. businesses into bankruptcy for decades. In response, Congress enacted Section 524(g) to the Bankruptcy Code which, in essence, discharges debtors of the obligation to litigate present and future mass tort claims. Specifically, a Chapter 11 debtor utilizing Section 524(g) may establish a settlement trust and an injunction which feeds current and future mass tort claims to the trust.Liability insurance is often the principal asset of a trust established under Section 524(g). Accordingly, insurers are often affected by plans encompassing such a trust, impelling them to challenge the confirmation of such plans. Challenging the confirmation of a plan, however, requires a challenging insurer to meet the standing requirements established in the Constitution as well as those prescribed in the Bankruptcy Code — namely, Sections 1128 and 1109.Turning to these standing requirements, the Third Circuit held in In re Combustion Engineering that, where a particular plan provides for insurance neutrality, insurers lack standing to challenge the plan. The court reasoned that insurance neutrality language preserves an insurer's pre-petition rights and defenses; therefore, the insurer faces no injury sufficient to satisfy the standing requirements. Subsequent cases, such as In re Pittsburgh Corning Corporation, In re Leslie Controls and In re Congoleum Corporation followed suit.Most recently, however, the Third Circuit, in In re Global Industrial Technologies held that, notwithstanding the plan's insurance neutrality language, the insurers had standing to challenge the plan's confirmation. The court reasoned that, due to the "suspect" nature of the mass tort claims, the insurers may be faced with added administrative costs to investigate such claims. Accordingly, the court concluded that these added costs increased the insurers "quantum of liability" resulting in a "tangible disadvantage" sufficient to satisfy the standing requirements.In disagreeing with this decision, the dissent in Global Industrial Technologies focused on the constitutional requirements for standing, the importance of precedent, and basic principles underlying the Bankruptcy Code and contract law. After examining the standing doctrine and the line of cases addressing the issue of insurer standing in the bankruptcy context, this Note sides with the Global Industrial Technologies' dissent. In taking this position, this Note contends that the Global Industrial Technologies court erred in granting the insurers standing in light of the plan's insurance neutrality. Finally, this Note establishes a two-prong test for courts to apply when confronted with the insurer standing issue. Notably, this test requires an exacting look into each reorganization plan — referencing a recent Ninth Circuit decision, In re Thorpe Insulation Co. Applying this test mollifies the concerns of all parties to a bankruptcy while, at the same time, accounts for the importance of precedent, the requirements for standing, and the fundamental principles underlying the Bankruptcy Code and contract law.


In artworks from a mosaic by Marc Chagall to schoolchildren's paintings, in writings from Susan Fenimore Cooper to Annie Dillard, and in diverse print sources from family genealogical registers to seed catalogs, the four seasons appear and reappear as a theme in American culture. In this richly illustrated book, Michael Kammen traces the appeal of the four seasons motif in American popular culture and fine arts from the seventeenth century to the present. Its symbolism has evolved through the years, Kammen explains, serving as a metaphor for the human life cycle or religious faith, expressing nostalgia for rural life, and sometimes praising seasonal beauty in the diverse American landscape as the most spectacular in the world. Kammen also highlights artists' and writers' shift in attention from the glories of seasonal peaks to the dynamics of seasonal transitions as American life continued to accelerate and change through the twentieth century. Few symbols have been as pervasive, meaningful, and symptomatic in the human experience as the four seasons, and as Kammen shows, in its American context the annual cycle has been an abundant and abiding source of inspiration in the nation's cultural history.


Reading Joycean Temporalities examines Joyce's experimental treatment of modalities of time, (in)finitude, narrative presentation of temporal simultaneity, and psychological, historical, and Homeric time.


The classic Wiley CPA Examination reviewPublished annually, in December, this comprehensive four-volume study guide for the Certified Public Accountant's (CPA) Exam arms readers with detailed outlines and study guidelines, plus skill-building problems and solutions, that help them to identify, focus on, and master the specific topics that need the most work. Many of the practice questions are taken from previous exams, and care was taken to ensure that they cover all the information candidates need to master in order to pass the Uniform CPA Examination.Featuring a unique modular structure, these CPA study guides review materials and combine over 230 AICPA content specifications into a series of forty-four related modules. By combining and relating topics, the books help build knowledge in a logical, self-reinforcing way, so as to foster a level of understanding beyond that achieved through rote memorization.


Abstract The small, intramontane San Giorgio Basin in southwestern Sardinia has yielded plant macrofossils dominated by sphenophytes, but with subsidiary pteridosperms, ferns, (?)noeggerathians and cordaitanthaleans. They belong to the upper part of the Crenulopteris acadica Zone or possibly the Odontopteris cantabrica Zone, indicating a late Asturian or Cantabrian (≡ late Moscovian) age. They therefore correlate with the post-Leonian deposits in northern Spain, the Nýřany Member in Western and Central Bohemia, and the Llantwit Beds in South Wales. The presence of post-tectonic deposits of this age is further evidence of the widespread influence of the Leonian Phase of tectonic activity in middle Asturian times, whose effect can be observed across Europe. The San Giorgio Basin is therefore a late Variscan rather than post-Variscan basin.


ABSTRACT The Flavivirus genus consists of >70 members including several that are considered significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be roughly categorised into two phenotypes – systemic disease involving haemorrhage exemplified by dengue and yellow Fever virus, and neurological complications associated with the likes of West Nile and Zika viruses. Attempts to develop vaccines have been variably successful against some. Besides, mosquito-borne flaviviruses can be vertically transmitted in the arthropods, enabling long term persistence and the possibility of re-emergence. Therefore, developing strategies to combat disease is imperative even if vaccines become available. The cellular interactions of flaviviruses with their human hosts are key to establishing the viral lifecycle on the one hand, and activation of host immunity on the other. The latter should ideally eradicate infection, but often leads to immunopathological and neurological consequences. In this review, we use Dengue and Zika viruses to discuss what we have learned about the cellular and molecular determinants of the viral lifecycle and the accompanying immunopathology, while highlighting current knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies. Graphical Abstract


We present the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations in the kaon sector in Pb – Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2 . 76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The robust fluctuation correlator ν dyn is used to evaluate the magnitude of fluctuations of the relative yields of neutral and charged kaons, as well as the relative yields of charged kaons, as a function of collision centrality and selected kinematic ranges. While the correlator ν dyn [ K + , K − ] exhibits a scaling approximately in inverse proportion of the charged particle multiplicity, ν dyn [ K 0S , K ± ] features a significant deviation from such scaling. Within uncertainties, the value of ν dyn [ K 0S , K ± ] is independent of the selected transverse momentum interval, while it exhibits a pseudorapidity dependence. The results are compared with HIJING, AMPT and EPOS–LHC predictions, and are further discussed in the context of the possible production of disoriented chiral condensates in central Pb – Pb collisions.


Inflammation is an important feature of atheroma and is associated with activation and proliferation of macrophages, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the generation of growth factors and cytokines, the presence of other pro-inflammatory mediators, and the activation and deposition of complement particles. Increased serum CRP levels have been found recently in patients with both myocardial infarction and angina. Many trials have confirmed the association between high levels of CRP and the risk of future coronary events such as myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. A total 60 subjects were included in the study in the age group of 50-68 years. Troponin I, hs-CRP, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL levels were estimated and LDL-cholesterol was calculated by Fried-walds formula. There was a statistically significant difference between the ages of two groups. The total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly increased in CHD patients as compared to control subjects p<0.001). Unlike other markers of inflammation, C-reactive protein levels are stable over long periods, have no diurnal variation, can be measured inexpensively with available high-sensitivity assays, and have shown specificity in terms of predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude that in conjunction with Troponin I values, regular assay of CRP may play a valuable part in differential diagnosis and management of CHD.


Primary objective: To profile early outcomes during the transition from hospital to home for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and their family caregivers. Research design: Prospective longitudinal study with data collected at three time points: pre-discharge and 1- and 3-months post-discharge. Methods and procedures: Participants included 26 individuals with ABI and 26 family caregivers, who were assessed on measures of global functioning, psychosocial reintegration, health-related quality-of-life and emotional well-being. Changes in outcomes over time and group comparisons were examined using repeated measures ANOVAs with relevant post-hoc analyses. Results: Participants typically demonstrated improved global functioning and psychosocial reintegration during the transition period, with closer alignment of perspectives (i.e. comparisons between self-ratings of participants with ABI and ratings of family caregivers) at 3-months post-discharge on the occupational activities and living skills domains. Additionally, levels of depression and stress reported by participants with ABI were observed to increase over time. Conclusions: Collectively, the results highlight the critical nature of the transition phase for psychosocial reintegration and emotional adjustment and support the need for holistic approaches to transition-specific interventions.


The interest in mobile learning in the majority world (this term was coined by Bangladeshi photographer Shahidul Alam, to refer to what had been called the 'Global South' or 'developing world'. Majority world "defines the community in terms of what it is, rather than what it lacks." (See: http://www.appropedia.org/Majority_world)) is understandable.. The figures alone show why: Asia and Africa are the world's two largest mobile phone markets. Asia Pacific has over 3 billion mobile connections (GSMA-Kearney, 2011a) and Africa has 620m (GSMA-Kearney, 2011b). With such high numbers and with continued growth predicted in these regions, a sensible question to ask is how can mobile technologies support learning and education? However, depending on which literature one reads, and the community one comes from – academia, industry or development – very different answers to this question emerge.