Previous work on semantics-based multi-stage programming (MSP) language design focused on homogeneous designs, where the generating and the generated languages are the same. Homogeneous designs simply add a hygienic quasi-quotation and evaluation mechanism to a base language. An apparent disadvantage of this approach is that the programmer is bound to both the expressivity and performance characteristics of the base language. This paper proposes a practical means to avoid this by providing specialized translations from subsets of the base language to different target languages. This approach preserves the homogeneous "look" of multi-stage programs, and, more importantly, the static guarantees about the generated code. In addition, compared to an explicitly heterogeneous approach, it promotes reuse of generator source code and systematic exploration of the performance characteristics of the target languages. To illustrate the proposed approach, we design and implement a translation to a subset of C suitable for numerical computation, and show that it preserves static typing. The translation is implemented, and evaluated with several benchmarks. The implementation is available in the online distribution of MetaOCaml.


Cinnamic acid (CA) is a phytochemical originally derived from Cinnamomum cassia, a plant with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour and antiulcerogenic activity. The intercalation of CA with a nano carrier, zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) produced cinnamate zinc layered hydroxide (ZCA), which has been previously characterized. The intercalation is expected to improve the solubility and cell specificity of CA. Also, the nano carrier will protect CA from degradation and sustain its release. Nevertheless, the aim of the research is to evaluate the efficacy CA-ZLH in an in vitro model using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line.In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of ZCA, CA and ZLH and their capacity to modulate the release of NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2, iNOS and transcription factor NF-κB were examined. Cytotoxicity tests were conducted to determine the concentration of ZCA, CA and ZLH toxic to RAW 264.7 cells. This was followed by treatment of confluent RAW 264.7 with ZCA, CA and ZLH for one hour prior to stimulation of cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours to trigger an inflammatory response. Griess reagent was added to an equal volume of culture supernatant to determine the amount of NO produced in the treated and control groups of cells. ELISA was used to measure levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Il-10) and PGE2produced by cells pretreated with ZCA, CA and ZLH, followed by activation with LPS for 30 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours and 24 hours. Cell lysates from ZCA, CA and ZLH- treated cells were also used for Western blotting analysis to evaluate protein expression of COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB.The cytotoxicity test conducted showed that cells exposed to 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml each of ZCA, CA and ZLH displayed more than 90% cell viability. These three concentrations were selected for subsequent assays. NO produced in cells treated with ZCA and CA were significantly lower than samples treated with LPS alone. In the cytokine assay, ZCA and CA also displayed significant inhibitory effect after 24 hours after LPS stimulation against pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and another inflammatory marker PGE2. The only anti-inflammatory cytokine in the design, IL-10 was significantly upregulated by ZCA as well as CA. Western blot analysis showed samples treated with ZCA and CA significantly inhibited the protein expression of COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB. Even thoughZCA is composed of only40.4% of CA, it displayed higher anti-inflammatory activity than 100% CA. However, ZLH did not show any significant activity. The enhanced activity of ZCA may be associated with the intercalation which has reduced the compound to a nano size.


The Vancouver Olympics reveal stark differences between the worlds of sports and science. In both, young people from around the world try to surpass all previous accomplishments in pursuit of world records or scientific discoveries. Selected entirely on merit, athletes receive honor just for participating in the games, spurring the next generation of young people in each nation to excel. And as star athletes age, they often support their sport in other ways, serving as advocates, mentors, or coaches. In contrast, in too many nations, the selection and promotion processes in science involve considerations other than merit. Senior scientists receive most of the resources available for scientific research, and young scientists rarely receive societal recognition for their work. This situation is growing worse as life expectancies and retirement ages increase, along with the average age for attaining scientific independence.* Perhaps as one consequence, science is typically not a top career choice. How many exceptional scientists around the world thereby go unrecognized, their talents allowed to wither away untapped? In an attempt to reverse such trends, a nascent "young national academies" movement has begun across the globe, and a new international group has recently been established to promote this cause.


Key Word: Organizational Climate Communications, Satisfaction of Job Employees

The relation of conducted by head element for example continuity of Organizational life to reach growth up at better by creating relation work is equal to its subordinate. In organizational interaction with environment of external, organizational face various problem especially if its environment do not stable; and continue to expand., CV. Artha Bakti Mandiri of Pasuruan as a forming of peripatetic organization [is] publication area and printing office of book, brochure and also magazine. In a communications system, employees also have to get the existence of satisfaction of communications where [all] employees get accuracy about information, existence of information, forwarding of message and others. Communications between employees with head or on the contrary ought to be proportional in order not to happened Lameness in course of operational in communicating. Pursuant to background of researcher take formula of is problem of Do organizational communications climate push satisfaction of CV. Artha Bakti Mandiri of Pasuruan employees jobs?
Organizational communications is organizational behavior that happened and give meaning to the what's going on (PaceF33). Organizational Communications climate represent organizational condition or situation that happened and give meaning to what's going on. Satisfaction of job is common attitude to work of someone showing difference between amount of appreciation of their accepted [by] amount and worker which they believe they ought to accept (Robbin, 2003:78). Operational Definition in this research consists of variable that is Organizational Variable Climate Communications.
The research type the used is descriptive research where later this research will depict or respective variable to description with accurate unit and problem, without questioning relation of variable. Population in this research is entire employees exist in [CV. Artha Bakti Mandiri of Pasuruan which amount to 42 employee's people. Because amount of its population less than 100 hence researcher use total technique of sampling, that is put on sampling the overall of individual in population which have been enlisted beforehand. Technique analyze data in this research is by using Mean analyze.
From result of conducted data analysis at previous chapter, researcher can conclude communications climate can push satisfaction of employee's job. This matter is proven from mean analysis (mean) showing number 3, 24 and enters in good category. Its assumption that all indicator exist in communications climate variable push the existence of satisfaction of employees [job/activity], though answer from each responder differ


The new edition of Focus on Pronunciation gives beginning to high-beginning students the tools, tips, and techniques they need to speak clearly, accurately, and fluently. All aspects of pronunciation are included - consonants, vowels, stress, rhythm, and intonation. The variety of activities and flexible, accessible style make learning fun. Features: * Presentation sections feature clear explanations and diagrams. * Focused Practice sections build accuracy with high-interest listening and speaking tasks and engaging games. * Communication Practice sections integrate pronunciation and fluency with practice in a communicative thematic context. * Natural English boxes illustrate how to speak English more naturally and fluently. * Extended Practice sections encourage continued accuracy and fluency practice outside of class. * The CD in the back of the book provides MP3 audio for the Extended Practice sections. * Classroom Audio CDs provide the complete audio program. * Complete online Answer Keys and Audioscripts are available online.


Information management comprises several discrete minor tasks: gathering, sorting, formating, filing, updating and recovery. Combined, these tasks often ressemble handyman's work. Through examples, the structural impact of information handling on company life is shown. Besides operational functions, these tasks represent a support for dialogue and a strategy building ressource. Two examples show the process leading to neglect and ignorance of these tasks resulting in deciding without the full picture. Conversely, two other examples highlight task recognition conditions, thus increasing global awareness within the firm. We propose a way to manage this information handling.


Gonococci can be divided into serogroups WI, WII, and WIII by coagglutination. To assess the clinical correlation of serogroups of gonococci, we studied isolates of gonococci from patients with disseminated and uncomplicated gonococcal infections in three cities in the United States. Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae belonging to serogroup WI represented 85 (84%) of 101 isolates from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and 68 (40%) of 168 isolates from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea (P < .001). The auxotype Arg-, Hyx-, Ura- (AHU) represented 62 (61%) of 101 isolates from DGI and 54 (32%) of 168 isolates from uncomplicated infection (p < .001); all AHU isolates were serogroup WI. Among other auxotypes, WI strains represented 25 (64%) of 39 isolates from patients with DGI and 14 (12%) of 114 from uncomplicated infections (P < .001). In Atlanta only, 13 (34%) of 38 isolates from DGI were AHU, but 31 (82%) were serogroup WI (P < .001). Thus gonococci of serogroup WI are associated with DGI in these cities of the United States, and this correlation appears to be independent of auxotype. Serogroup WI is correlated with serum resistance.


Marine mammals can be used as indicators of environmental productivity because they must feed efficiently and therefore aggregate where prey is plentiful. Three species of cetaceans, bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) and white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) migrate to the Alaskan arctic each year to feed. These species have distinctly different feeding modes and forage at dissimilar trophic levels. Bowhead whales filter zooplankton from the water column, gray whales siphon infaunal crustaceans from the benthos and white whales catch a variety of nekton including crustaceans, cephalopods and fishes. Line transect aerial surveys were conducted over the Alaskan Chukchi and Beaufort seas each late summer and autumn 1982–91. The resulting database, consisting of 634 flights, was post-stratified by survey type and sea state (Beaufort ≤04) to provide a database of cetacean sightings made along random transects during good survey conditions. Sightings made during connect and search legs of the survey, and in rough seas were excluded. Post-stratification resulted in a cumulative (1982–91) database of 276 754 transectkm of survey effort during which there were 554 bowhead, 608 gray and 831 white whale sightings. Habitat partitioning and variability in habitat use among cetaceans in offshore areas of northern Alaska is poorly defined. Available data suggest that cetacean distribution and abundance patterns can be quantified on the basis of water depth and surface ice cover, and that these indices can be linked to large-scale oceanographic processes. In summer, mean depth and percent surface ice cover were significantly different (p <0.001) among bowhead (900 m, 52%; n = 79), gray (40 m, 1%; n = 497) and white whales (1 314 m, 60%; n =146). All pairs were significantly different (p <0.003), except for bowhead–white whale ice cover (p <0.13). Similarly in autumn, mean depth and percent ice cover were significantly different (p <0.001) among bowhead (109 m, 22%; n = 475), gray (38 m, 7%; n = 111) and white whales (652 m, 52%; n = 685); all pairs were significantly different (p <0.001). In addition, mean depth and percent ice cover were significantly different (p <0.001) between summer and autumn for bowhead and white whale sightings. Currents are bathymetrically driven, and ice cover influenced by currents and wind, in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The association of cetaceans with specific bathymetric and ice cover regimes provides a foundation for further investigation of inter-specific habitat selection, zones of productivity and insight to the role of cetaceans in Alaskan arctic ecology.


Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks, and link reliability. Space-time wireless technology that uses multiple antennas along with appropriate signalling and receiver techniques offers a powerful tool for improving wireless performance Space-time block codes were designed to achieve the maximum diversity order for the given number of transmit and receive antennas subject to the constraint of having a simple linear decoding algorithm. This has made space-time block codes a very poplar scheme and most widely used. In this work we discuss coded modulation schemes designed for multiple antennas wireless channels without information of the channel at the transmitter. We focus on orthogonal space-time block codes and explain the benefits and limitations


Recent investigations of adolescents' beliefs about risk have led to surprisingly optimistic conclusions: Teens' self estimates of their likelihood of experiencing various life events not only correlate sensibly with relevant risk factors (Fischhoff et al., 2000), but they also significantly predict later experiencing the events (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007). Using the same dataset examined in previous investigations, the present study extended these analyses by comparing the predictive value of self estimates of risk to that of traditional risk factors for each outcome. The analyses focused on the prediction of pregnancy, criminal arrest, and school enrollment. Three findings emerged. First, traditional risk factor information tended to out-predict self assessments of risk, even when the risk factors included crude, potentially unreliable measures (e.g., a simple tally of self-reported criminal history) and when the risk factors were aggregated in a nonoptimal way (i.e., unit weighting). Second, despite the previously reported correlations between self estimates and outcomes, perceived invulnerability was a problem among the youth: Over half of the teens who became pregnant, half of those who were not enrolled in school, and nearly a third of those who were arrested had, one year earlier, indicated a 0% chance of experiencing these outcomes. Finally, adding self estimates of risk to the other risk factor information produced only small gains in predictive accuracy. These analyses point to the need for greater education about the situations and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes.


Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere; examples of aerosols include windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories. The global distribution of aerosols is a topic of great interest in climate studies since aerosols can either cool or warm the atmosphere depending on their location, type, and interaction with clouds. Aerosol concentrations are important input components of global climate models, and it is crucial to accurately estimate aerosol concentrations from remote sensing instruments so as to minimize errors "downstream" in climate models. Currently, space-based observations of aerosols are available from two remote sensing instruments on board NASA's Terra spacecraft: the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), and the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). These two instruments have complementary coverage, spatial support, and retrieval characteristics, making it advantageous to combine information from both sources to make optimal inferences about global aerosol distributions. In this article, we predict the true aerosol process from two noisy and possibly biased datasets, and we also estimate the uncertainties of these estimates. Our data-fusion methodology scales linearly and bears some resemblance to Fixed Rank Kriging (FRK), a variant of kriging that is designed for spatial interpolation of a single, massive dataset. Our spatial statistical approach does not require assumptions of stationarity or isotropy and, crucially, allows for change of spatial support. We compare our methodology to FRK and Bayesian melding, and we show that ours has superior prediction standard errors compared to FRK and much faster computational speed compared to Bayesian melding.


As a result of the decreasing availability of authorized plant protection products, adequate pest control becomes more difficult in many ornamental crops and almost no information is available about the optimization of spray application techniques in ornamental crops. Yet, spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhouses considerably. Application rate, nozzle type, and configuration will influence the spray deposition and, as such, its efficiency. In this study, spray deposition in ivy pot plants (Hedera algeriensis cv. Montgomery, Hibb.), grown on hanging shelves in greenhouses, was compared with a traditional spray gun with a disc-core nozzle and a manually pulled trolley equipped with two vertical spray booms. The sprayings with the spray gun were performed at an application rate of 8500 Lha -1 . For the vertical spray boom system, two different reduced application rates (2500 and 5000 Lha -1 ) with five different combinations of nozzle type, size, and pressure for each application rate were investigated. This research underlined that, besides the application rate, also the spray application equipment used has an important effect on the spray depositions. Nozzle type, size, and pressure on the vertical spray boom system only had a minor effect on the spray deposition. Although the spray gun performed well on the easily accessible crop zone with the runners, its performance in the more dense main crop zone was inferior. With 240% more sprayed liquid (8500 Lha -1 ) and chemicals, the realized depositions in this crop zone were not significantly different from the ones obtained with the vertical spray boom system applying only 2500 Lha -1 . Spraying at 5000 Lha -1 , the vertical spray boom system achieved a 82.9% higher overall spray deposition in the main crop canopy zone compared with the spray gun at an application rate of 8500 Lha -1 . For the sprays applied with the vertical spray boom system, doubling the application rate resulted in equally higher spray depositions, except for the inner canopy deposition for which higher application rates were more effective.


Abstract. In Japan, each municipality keeps a database of every resident's name, address, gender and date of birth called the Basic Resident Register. If the address information in the register is converted into coordinates by geocoding, it can be plotted as point data on a map. This would enable prompt evacuation from disaster, analysis of distribution of residents, integrating statistics and so on. Further, it can be used for not only analysis of the current situation but also future planning. However, the geographic information system (GIS) incorporating the Basic Resident Register is not widely used in Japan because of the following problems: – Geocoding In order to plot address point data, it is necessary to match the Basic Resident Register and the address dictionary by using the address as a key. The information in the Basic Resident Register does not always match the actual addresses. As the register is based on applications made by residents, the information is prone to errors, such as incorrect Kanji characters. – Security policy on personal information In the register, the address of a resident is linked with his/her name and date of birth. If the information in the Basic Resident Register were to be leaked, it could be used for malicious purposes. This paper proposes solutions to the above problems. The suitable solutions for the problems depend on the purpose of use, thus it is important that the purpose should be defined and a suitable way of the application for each purpose should be chosen. In this paper, we mainly focus on the specific purpose of use: to analyse the distribution of the residents. We provide two solutions to improve the matching rate in geocoding. First, regarding errors in Kanji characters, a correction list of possible errors should be compiled in advance. Second, some sort of analyses such as distribution of residents may not require exactly correct position for the address point. Therefore we set the matching level in order: prefecture, city, town, city-block, house-code, house, and decided to accept up to city-block level for the matching. Moreover, in terms of security policy on personal information, some part of information may not be needed for the distribution analysis. For example, the personal information like resident's name should be excluded from the attribute of address point in order to secure the safety operation of the system.


The discovery that nitric oxide (NO) plays crucial roles in mammalian systems has spurred considerable interest in its translational application. However, the major problem with its application in clinical settings is the high reactivity of NO, which makes it difficult to supply NO with spatiotemporal accuracy while maintaining its bioactivity. To deliver NO at a specified rate to a preferred location for a precise period of time is highly demanded. The significant technological advancements in controlled release make it possible to control NO release at the target site with a sustained release rate and an optimum concentration, and then provide a longer therapeutic duration of NO. Moreover, biomaterials designed for regenerative applications provide carriers with support structures for controlled NO releasing. Meanwhile, engineered matrices with controlled NO release have been used as vehicles for stem cell delivery to enhance cell engraftment and further to improve therapeutic effects of transplanted cells. In this review, we will provide an overview of controlled NO release materials, as well as the mechanisms of their treatment effects in tissue-repairing processes. Furthermore, the application of on-demand NO-releasing materials as carriers for stem cell transplantation and the NO-based therapeutic applications in translational medicine will be discussed.


The dramatic events of the Euromaidan protests, from November 2013 to April 2014, and the consequent armed conflict in the east of Ukraine have led to civil society activation, including women's activism. I focus on how ideas and expectations about women's roles as mothers frame mothers' activism related to war issues and the image of mothers during wartime in general. The structure of the article is as follows: In the first and second sections of the article, I examine the theoretical background and the sociopolitical context of mothers' civic activism in Ukraine. I evaluate how ideas about femininity and motherhood are represented in the form of public gender ideals and expectations and how they were (re)constructed during the Euromaidan protests, which were the immediate precursor to the armed conflict in the east. In the third and fourth sections, I analyze how the activism of soldiers' mothers' groups, as well as discourses and media representations of this activism, constructs ideas about women's roles as mothers. Applying the concept of gendered social movements developed by Rachel Einwohner, Jocelyn Hollander, and Toska Olson, I evaluate how this activism is gendered. First, it is gendered by common identities as mothers and by maternal images, as in the names of their organizations, all of which include references to "mothers." Second, it is gendered implicitly in its goals and, more specifically, in its reflection of traditional gender stereotypes and expectations about care as women's primary responsibility. Third, it is gendered in its tactics, through the use of slogans highlighting motherhood as the basis for the claim to be active in the public space. Fourth, this activism is gendered by the rhetoric that activists use, with their claims that, for instance, "women are natural peace builders." Finally, this activism is gendered in the ways it is represented and reported in the media. Thus, the images of "good" and "bad" mothers are constructed in the media as related to women's "roles" during war.
Article in English
DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2019-11-2-103-124


Supervised Capture the Flag games represent a popular method of practical hands-on training in cybersecurity education. However, as cybersecurity training sessions are process-oriented, tutors have only a limited insight into what trainees are doing and how they deal with the tasks. From their perspective, it is necessary to have situational awareness, enabling them to identify and react to any issues during a training session as soon as they emerge. We propose a tool designed in collaboration with cybersecurity educators. Based on user requirements, we developed the Progress Visualization Tool, which provides educators with timely feedback through the session. More specifically, the tool informs educators of the training progression, helps identify the students who might struggle with their tasks, and reveals overall deviation from the schedule. We validated the tool through formative and summative qualitative in-lab evaluations. The participants appraised the impact on the training workflow and gave further insights regarding the tool. We discuss the insights and recommendations that arose from the evaluations as they could aid the design of future tools for supporting educators, not only of CTFs but also in other domains.


Intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) is considered effective for the treatment of solid tumors with high local doses of systemically toxic chemotherapeutics. Osteosarcoma, which is often located in the extremities, is a potential target for IAC. However, the efficacy of this treatment modality has varied, and standardized protocols are difficult to establish due to tumor heterogeneity and the limited numbers of patients available for clinical trials. Reproducible experimental models are needed to further investigate IAC in osteosarcoma. Here, we describe a new microsurgical technique for repeated infusion of drugs into the mouse femoral artery for local treatment of experimental intratibial metastasizing osteosarcoma. We successfully achieved 5 catheterizations at 3-d intervals in 70% of the mice tested. Laser speckle imaging indicated a maximal 50% reduction in blood flow around the ankle region of catheterized legs infused with 0.5 mg/kg cisplatin. However, blood flow in the front feet was affected only minimally. Histologic examination of catheterized arteries of saline control or cisplatin-treated mice showed circular fibrinoid media necrosis and partial thrombosis, but total occlusion of the arteries was not observed. The method we describe for repeated transient catheterization of the mouse femoral artery likely will be useful in future studies comparing the efficacies of intraarterial and systemic cisplatin treatment of intratibial metastasizing osteosarcoma in mice under standardized conditions.


Now that youve bought that amazing new DSLR, you need a book that goes beyond the camera manual to capture stunning images. For digital photographers interested in black and white, this guide will help beginning- and intermediate-level shooters conquer the fundamentals and take amazing shots. Pro photographer John Batdorff starts with the basics, including composition, light, contrast, exposure, and when to choose black and white. He covers all the key camera features (regardless of what type of DSLR you have) that affect your image, including the shutter speeds ability to freeze and convey motion, and the apertures direct correlation with depth of field. Once youve captured those great shots, John takes you step by step through the color conversion process to black and white in Adobe Photoshop Lightroom using simple presets. He also covers the enhancements and features that can be added using Nik Silver Efex Pro softwarefrom presets to control points using U-Point Technology. Follow along with your friendly and knowledgeable guide and you will: Learn to see in black and white by understanding contrast, texture, and lighting Understand all the best tricks and techniques for getting great black and white action shots, landscapes, and portraits Create your own digital workflow by understanding the basics of post processing in Lightroom, then go beyond the basics with Nik Silver Efex Pro Share your images and learn tips on printing and presenting your work online And once you've got the shot, show it off! Join the book's Flickr group, share your photos, and discuss how you use your camera to get great black and white shots at flickr.com/groups/blackandwhite fromsnapshotstogreatshots.


This innovative community theatre project contributes to the evolving practice of walking as performance (Mock 2009, Qualmann & Hind 2015), referencing walking research in Urban Studies (Mitchell 2003, Middleton 2010) in conjunction with laboratory theatre practice (Schino 2009) and socially engaged arts (Bishop 2012, Harvey 2013, Wickstrom 2012). Drawing on practices ranging from psychogeography and auto-ethnographic writing to embodied autobiographical training and performance (Carreri 2014, Magnat 2013), Gocmen Adimlar disrupts the boundaries between private studio and public street, laboratory and community theatre. Forging a methodology of performance research with non-professionals, the research contributes to key debates regarding the identification of methods and impact in practice as research, and participation and inclusivity in socially engaged arts and performance.

Echoing the growing significance of walking as a way of articulating and challenging the contemporary city, specifically from the perspective of the migrant woman, Saner led groups of Turkish-speaking London women on fortnightly walks beyond their neighbourhoods. Performer-training workshops then developed physical/vocal awareness and a shared performance vocabulary: an embodied practice of getting lost, moulding the Situationists' derive with Stanislavskian psychophysicality. Participants documented their experiences in notebooks which became the catalyst to a devising and rehearsal process, culminating in public performances marking International Women's Day (March 2014). Director, facilitator, performer-trainer and performer, Saner initiated the project, working in collaboration with DayMer Community Centre and the North London Community House.

The project's dissemination continues through weekend workshops and screenings in collaboration with migrant women's organisations in the UK and Europe; international academic conferences and presentations; a book chapter co-authored with sociologist Saniye Dedeoglu; and a commission from Laqup and Alma Teatro, Turin (Spazio Teatro, 2017-18).

Funded by Arts Council England and Goldsmiths University (Enterprise Fund). Winner of Walk 21 Vienna Walking Visionaries Award 2015 in Walking and the Arts.

Websites: http://www.migrantsteps.com/ and http://www.gocmenadimlar.com/


Lord Justice Taylor's final report into the Hillsborough stadium disaster recommended that all Premier League and Championship football grounds in England and Wales should become all-seated and that football supporters would eventually become 'accustomed and educated to sitting'. Thirty years later, thousands of fans continue to stand at matches but in areas not designed for them to do so. This ritual has become a source of conflict between clubs, supporters and official safety bodies. In 2018, the UK Sports Minister claimed that despite this problem, there remained no desire amongst top clubs to change the all-seating policy and that it was only a 'vocal minority' who wanted to see the permanent return of standing in English football. However, supporters, networked through the national Football Supporters Association, had been actively mobilizing a social movement against the legislation for over 20 years. In this article, I use relational sociology to analyse empirical snapshots of the latest phase of this movement, 'Safe Standing', to show how the switching and cooperation of supporter networks and their tactics were successful in breaking down the state to create new political opportunities. In doing so, the article reveals the key characteristics of safe standing, including conflict, organizational form and intersubjective motivations, to represent the collective – but also often complex and contradictory – responses to the neoliberal political economy which English football, and society more broadly, has inhabited over the past 30 years.


The collision of bathymetric anomalies, such as oceanic spreading centers, at convergent plate margins can profoundly affect subduction dynamics, magmatism, and the structural and geomorphic evolution of the overriding plate. The Southern Patagonian Andes of South America are a prime example for sustained oceanic ridge collision and the successive formation and widening of an extensive asthenospheric slab window since the Middle Miocene. Several of the predicted upper-plate geologic manifestations of such deep-seated geodynamic processes have been studied in this region, but many topics remain highly debated. One of the main controversial topics is the interpretation of the regional low-temperature thermochronology exhumational record and its relationship with tectonic and/or climate-driven processes, ultimately manifested and recorded in the landscape evolution of the Patagonian Andes. The prominent along-strike variance in the topographic characteristics of the Andes, combined with coupled trends in low-temperature thermochronometer cooling ages have been interpreted in very contrasting ways, considering either purely climatic (i.e. glacial erosion) or geodynamic (slab-window related) controlling factors.
This thesis focuses on two main aspects of these controversial topics. First, based on field observations and bedrock low-temperature thermochronology data, the thesis addresses an existing research gap with respect to the neotectonic activity of the upper plate in response to ridge collision - a mechanism that has been shown to affect the upper plate topography and exhumational patterns in similar tectonic settings. Secondly, the qualitative interpretation of my new and existing thermochronological data from this region is extended by inverse thermal modelling to define thermal histories recorded in the data and evaluate the relative importance of surface vs. geodynamic factors and their possible relationship with the regional cooling record.
My research is centered on the Northern Patagonian Icefield (NPI) region of the Southern Patagonian Andes. This site is located inboard of the present-day location of the Chile Triple Junction - the juncture between the colliding Chile Rise spreading center and the Nazca and Antarctic Plates along the South American convergent margin. As such this study area represents the region of most recent oceanic-ridge collision and associated slab window formation. Importantly, this location also coincides with the abrupt rise in summit elevations and relief characteristics in the Southern Patagonian Andes. Field observations, based on geological, structural and geomorphic mapping, are combined with bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He and apatite fission track (AHe and AFT) cooling ages sampled along elevation transects across the orogen. This new data reveals the existence of hitherto unrecognized neotectonic deformation along the flanks of the range capped by the NPI.
This deformation is associated with the closely spaced oblique collision of successive oceanic-ridge segments in this region over the past 6 Ma. I interpret that this has caused a crustal-scale partitioning of deformation and the decoupling, margin-parallel migration, and localized uplift of a large crustal sliver (the NPI block) along the subduction margin. The location of this uplift coincides with a major increase of summit elevations and relief at the northern edge of the NPI massif. This mechanism is compatible with possible extensional processes along the topographically subdued trailing edge of the NPI block as documented by very recent and possibly still active normal faulting. Taken together, these findings suggest a major structural control on short-wavelength variations in topography in the Southern Patagonian Andes - the region affected by ridge collision and slab window formation.
The second research topic addressed here focuses on using my new and existing bedrock low-temperature cooling ages in forward and inverse thermal modeling. The data was implemented in the HeFTy and QTQt modeling platforms to constrain the late Cenozoic thermal history of the Southern Patagonian Andes in the region of the most recent upper-plate sectors of ridge collision. The data set combines AHe and AFT data from three elevation transects in the region of the Northern Patagonian Icefield. Previous similar studies claimed far-reaching thermal effects of the approaching ridge collision and slab window to affect patterns of Late Miocene reheating in the modelled thermal histories. In contrast, my results show that the currently available data can be explained with a simpler thermal history than previously proposed. Accordingly, a reheating event is not needed to reproduce the observations. Instead, the analyzed ensemble of modelled thermal histories defines a Late Miocene protracted cooling and Pliocene-to-recent stepwise exhumation. These findings agree with the geological record of this region. Specifically, this record indicates an Early Miocene phase of active mountain building associated with surface uplift and an active fold-and-thrust belt, followed by a period of stagnating deformation, peneplanation, and lack of synorogenic deposition in the Patagonian foreland. The subsequent period of stepwise exhumation likely resulted from a combination of pulsed glacial erosion and coeval neotectonic activity. The differences between the present and previously published interpretation of the cooling record can be reconciled with important inconsistencies of previously used model setup. These include mainly the insufficient convergence of the models and improper assumptions regarding the geothermal conditions in the region. This analysis puts a methodological emphasis on the prime importance of the model setup and the need for its thorough examination to evaluate the robustness of the final outcome.


Abstract The favourable physicomechanical characteristics of nickel have resulted in its wide application in various products, around 2m t year−1. Nickel is an essential alloying element in austenitic stainless steel and other speciality alloys. The drastic increase in production of such alloys over the last decade, mostly because of economical growth of Asian countries, particularly China, has resulted in a considerably increased demand for ferronickel. To fulfil such an expanding industrial demand, newer and more efficient routes for extraction of nickel from poorer and more difficult ores are required. The current paper summarises years of experience in designing, operating, and optimising ferronickel smelters, and describes how this knowledge can be used to develop the mitigation measures necessary to address some of the foreseeable smelting challenges associated with metal extraction from low-grade and previously undesirable laterite ores.


Field trials in 1986-87 were conducted in the humid sugarcane growing area of San German and under irrigation at the Lajas Research and Development Center to evaluate several candidate herbicides for controlling itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata L.f.) in sugarcane fields. Terbutryn [2—(Tert— butylamino)—4— (ethylamino)—6— (methylthio— S—triazine] at 2.68, 5.35 and 10.70 kg/ha as a direct post emergence application over itchgrass 15 to 20 cm tall provided excellent grass control with no injury to the crop. Asulam [methyl (4 amino phenyl) (sulfanyl)] carbamate at 2,09 kg/ha showed a slow short-term action. With Terbutryn at 10.7 kg/ha and the hand-weeded check plots significantly higher cane and sugar yields were obtained, Pendimethalin [N—(ethylpropyl)—3,4—dimethyl—2,6—dinitroben— zenamine] at 3.56 kg/ha as a preemergence soil-in corpora ted application to a primavera sugarcane crop was effective in controlling itchgrass. A single application of this product at 1.78 kg/ha was markedly less effective. Imazapyr (2-[4,5 dihydro—4—methyl—4—(l-methylethyl)—5—0x0—lH—imidazolzyl]— 3—pyridinecarboxylic acid) with 2—propanamine (1:1) salt at 0.125 and 0.25 kg/ha controlled of itchgrass excellently. Combinations of pendimethalin and imazapyr were effective in controlling grass weeds. The best cane tonnage and sugar yields were obtained from the hand-weeded plots and from combinations of pendimethalin and imazapyr. With pendimethalin at 0.89 and 1.78 kg/ha and asulam at 2.98 kg/ha there was very little effect from the herbicide treatments on increasing yield.


We compare and contrast the evolution of human attitudes toward large carnivores between Europe and North America. In general, persecution of large carnivores began much earlier in Europe than North America. Likewise, conservation programs directed at restoration and recovery appeared in European history well before they did in North America. Together, the pattern suggests there has been an evolution in how humans perceive large predators. Our early ancestors were physically vulnerable to large carnivores and developed corresponding attitudes of respect, avoidance, and acceptance. As civilization evolved and man developed weapons, the balance shifted. Early civilizations, in particular those with pastoral ways, attempted to eliminate large carnivores as threats to life and property. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) were consequently extirpated from much of their range in Europe and in North America south of Canada. Efforts to protect brown bears began in the late 1880s in some European countries and population reintroductions and augmentations are ongoing. They are less controversial than in North America. On the other hand, there are no wolf introductions, as has occurred in North America, and Europeans have a more negative attitude towards wolves. Control of predators to enhance ungulate harvest varies. In Western Europe, landowners own the hunting rights to ungulates. In the formerly communistic Eastern European countries and North America, hunting rights are held in common, although this is changing in some Eastern European countries. Wolf control to increase harvests of moose (Alces alces) occurs in parts of North America and Russia; bear control for similar reasons only occurs in parts of North America. Surprisingly, bears and wolves are not controlled to increase ungulates where private landowners have the hunting rights in Europe, although wolves were originally exterminated from these areas. Both the inability of scientific research to adequately predict the effect of predator control on ungulate populations and a shift in public attitudes toward large carnivores have resulted in an accelerating number of challenges to predator management in places where it is still espoused. Utilitarian attitudes towards wildlife are declining in Western cultures and people now increasingly recognize the intrinsic value of wildlife, including large predators. In the future, agencies responsible for managing resident wildlife will face increased pressure to balance the needs of the hunting public with the desires of non-hunting publics. We suggest that in the next century we will witness a continued shift in how wildlife agencies manage both moose and large carnivores. More attention will be paid to maintaining and restoring intact ecosystems and less toward sustainable yield of meat.


A low-budget independent film made by a now defunct video company in the late 1980s, Dirty Dancing became a sleeper hit with a huge, primarily young audience. Even twenty-five years on, the film has found millions of devoted fans around the world through TV, video, and DVD releases. In The Time of Our Lives: Dirty Dancing and Popular Culture editors Yannis Tzioumakis and Siân Lincoln bring together leading scholars of film, media, music, culture, theater, dance, and sociology to examine for the first time the global cultural phenomenon of Dirty Dancing. Tzioumakis and Lincoln begin by assessing Dirty Dancing's cultural impact in the decades since its release and introduce contributors in four sections. Essays in ""Dirty Dancing in Context"" look at the film from several perspectives, including its production and distribution history, its blending of genres, its treatment of race, and its place in the political and visual culture of the 1980s. In ""Questions of Reception,"" contributors examine the many ways that the film has been received since its release, while those in ""The Production of Nostalgia"" focus on the film's often critiqued production of an idealized past. Finally, contributors in ""Beyond the Film"" examine the celebrated synergies that the film achieved in the ""high concept"" film environment of the 1980s, and the final two essays deal with the successful adaptation of the film for the stage. With the enormous cultural impact it has made over the years, Dirty Dancing offers many opportunities for thought-provoking analysis. Fans of the movie and students and scholars of cultural, performance, and film history will appreciate the insight in The Time of Our Lives.


The original General Land Office (GLO) survey notes for the Ashley County, Arkansas, area were examined to determine the plant taxa mentioned during the 1818 to 1855 surveys. While some challenges in identifying species were encountered, at least 39 families and approximately 100 species were identified with reasonable certainty. Most references were for trees used to witness corners or lines. Prominent arboreal genera recorded in these early survey records included Quercus, Pinus, Carya, Liquidambar, Nyssa, Ulmus, Acer, Fraxinus, and Taxodium. A number of shrubs, vines, graminoids, and herbaceous species were also reported, including notable genera like Vaccinium, Lindera, Crataegus, Myrica, Rubus, Smilax, Vitis, Arundinaria, and Bidens. Even though very few GLO surveyors had formal training in plant identification, their familiarity with local and regional floras (undoubtedly supplemented by their field crew's knowledge) contributed to the relative accuracy of the effort. Taxonomic discrepancies (e.g., shifting species names, delineation of new taxa since the survey was completed, obscure common names) have obscured a number of identificatio ns in this study. Nevertheless, the GLO records are a valuable and systematic (statewide) source of information from a period of time that predates most formal botanical investigations.


Social media is subject to constant growth and evolution, yet little is known about their early phases of adoption. To shed light on this aspect, this paper empirically characterizes the initial and country-wide adoption of a new type of social media in Saudi Arabia that happened in 2017. Unlike established social media, the studied network Jodel is anonymous and location-based to form hundreds of independent communities country-wide whose adoption pattern we compare. We take a detailed and full view from the operators perspective on the temporal and geographical dimension on the evolution of these different communities -- from their very first the first months of establishment to saturation. This way, we make the early adoption of a new type of social media visible, a process that is often invisible due to the lack of data covering the first days of a new network.


All life persists in an environment that is rich in molecular oxygen. The production of oxygen free radicals, or superoxide, is a necessary consequence of the biogenesis of energy in cells. Both mitochondrial and photosynthetic electron transport chains have been found to produce superoxide associated with cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death, thereby contributing to the effects of aging. Aerobic respiration in mitochondria consumes oxygen, whereas photosynthesis in chloroplasts or cyanobacteria produces oxygen. The increased concentration of molecular oxygen may serve to allow greater availability for the production of superoxide by cytochrome bc complexes in photosynthetic membranes compared to those of mitochondrial membranes. The isolation of well-coupled chloroplasts, containing the cytochrome b 6 f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis, is a vital initial step in the process of comparing the rate of production of superoxide to those of the homologous cytochrome bc 1 complex of aerobic respiration. It is necessary to determine if the isolated chloroplasts have retained their oxygen-generating capability after isolation by an oxygen evolution assay with a Clark-type electrode. A necessary second step, which is the isolation of cytochrome b 6 f from spinach, has yet to be successfully performed. Oxygen measurements taken from chloroplasts in the presence of the uncoupler, NH 4 Cl, exhibited a rate of oxygen evolution over three times greater at 344 +/- 18 μmol O 2 /mg Chlorophyll a /hr than the rate of oxygen evolution without uncoupler at 109 +/- 29 μmol O 2 /mg Chlorophyll a /hr. These data demonstrate that the technique used to isolate spinach chloroplasts preserves their light-driven electron-transport activity, making them reliable for future superoxide assays.


Background Stigma plays in an important role in the lives of persons affected by neglected tropical diseases, and assessment of stigma is important to document this. The aim of this study is to test the cross-cultural validity of the Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS) and the Social Distance Scale (SDS) in the field of leprosy in Cirebon District, Indonesia. Methodology/principle findings Cultural equivalence was tested by assessing the conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalence of these instruments. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to increase our understanding of the concept of stigma in Cirebon District. A process of translation, discussions, trainings and a pilot study followed. A sample of 259 community members was selected through convenience sampling and 67 repeated measures were obtained to assess the psychometric measurement properties. The aspects and items in the SDS and EMIC-CSS seem equally relevant and important in the target culture. The response scales were adapted to ensure that meaning is transferred accurately and no changes to the scale format (e.g. lay out, statements or questions) of both scales were made. A positive correlation was found between the EMIC-CSS and the SDS total scores (r = 0.41). Cronbach's alphas of 0.83 and 0.87 were found for the EMIC-CSS and SDS. The exploratory factor analysis indicated for both scales an adequate fit as unidimensional scale. A standard error of measurement of 2.38 was found in the EMIC-CSS and of 1.78 in the SDS. The test-retest reliability coefficient was respectively, 0.84 and 0.75. No floor or ceiling effects were found. Conclusions/significance According to current international standards, our findings indicate that the EMIC-CSS and the SDS have adequate cultural validity to assess social stigma in leprosy in the Bahasa Indonesia-speaking population of Cirebon District. We believe the scales can be further improved, for instance, by adding, changing and rephrasing certain items. Finally, we provide suggestions for use with other neglected tropical diseases.


Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS; Clarkson disease) is a rare orphan disorder characterized by transient yet recurrent episodes of hypotension and peripheral oedema due to diffuse vascular leakage of fluids and proteins into soft tissues. Humoral mediators, cellular responses and genetic features accounting for the clinical phenotype of SCLS are virtually unknown. Here, we searched for factors altered in acute SCLS plasma relative to matched convalescent samples using multiplexed aptamer‐based proteomic screening. Relative amounts of 612 proteins were changed greater than twofold and 81 proteins were changed at least threefold. Among the most enriched proteins in acute SCLS plasma were neutrophil granule components including bactericidal permeability inducing protein, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Neutrophils isolated from blood of subjects with SCLS or healthy controls responded similarly to routine pro‐inflammatory mediators. However, acute SCLS sera activated neutrophils relative to remission sera. Activated neutrophil supernatants increased permeability of endothelial cells from both controls and SCLS subjects equivalently. Our results suggest systemic neutrophil degranulation during SCLS acute flares, which may contribute to the clinical manifestations of acute vascular leak.


ABSTRACT:This essay focuses on the demographic consequences of entanglement in the Danish possessions on the Gold Coast in West Africa. Two sets of data will be analyzed, one on the European composition of the Danish enclaves and discusses demographic trends and ruptures, the other on the Eurafrican population in the Danish enclaves. The first part of the study focusses on the survival of the European personnel in the Danish possessions on the Gold Coast. Similar to the experience of other European trading nations in West Africa, the Guinea Coast was a "White Man's Grave" for the Danish personnel as about half of the newly arrived staff members died within the first year on the coast. The second part deals with the employment and careers of the Eurafricans, i.e., the children of Danish fathers and local African or Eurafrican women. While the Danish authorities enlisted some of the Eurafrican boys as military staff members, the fate of the Eurafrican girls was unclear. In contrast to the Europeans, the Eurafrican population seldom succumbed to the coastal climate. Instead, demographic data suggests that their life expectancy was relatively high, at least compared to that of the European personnel.


This article presents the findings of a theory-based evaluation of the Sierra Leone Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI), using mixed methods. Analytical approaches included time-series analysis of national survey data to examine mortality and morbidity trends, as well as modelling of impact using the Lives Saved Tool and expenditure trend analysis. We find that the FHCI responded to a clear need in Sierra Leone, was well designed to bring about needed changes in the health system to deliver services to the target beneficiaries, and did indeed bring funds and momentum to produce important systemic reforms. However, its ambition was also a risk, and weaknesses in implementation have been evident in a number of core areas, such as drugs supply. We conclude that the FHCI was one important factor contributing to improvements in coverage and equity of coverage of essential services for mothers and children. Modelled cost-effectiveness is high-in the region of US$ 420 to US$ 444 per life year saved. The findings suggest that even-or perhaps especially-in a weak health system, a reform-like fee removal, if tackled in a systematic way, can bring about important health system gains that benefit vulnerable groups in particular.


The authors report a hypothesis for the dynamical mechanisms responsible for the strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere circumpolar winds from the lower stratosphere to the surface due to the ozone hole. A general circulation model forced by stratospheric ozone depletion representative of the ozone hole period successfully reproduced these observed changes. Investigation of the dynamical characteristics of the model therefore provides some insight into the actual mechanisms. From this the authors suggest the following: 1) An initial (radiative) strengthening of the lower-stratospheric winds as a result of ozone depletion conditions the polar vortex so that fewer planetary waves propagate up from the troposphere, resulting in weaker planetary wave driving. 2) This causes further strengthening of the vortex, which results in an additional reduction in upward-propagating planetary waves and initiates a positive feedback mechanism in which the weaker wave driving and the associated strengthened winds are drawn downward to the tropopause. 3) In the troposphere the midlatitude jet shifts poleward in association with increases in the synoptic wave fluxes of heat and momentum, which are the result of a positive feedback mechanism consisting of two components: 4) increases in low-level baroclinicity, and the subsequent generation of baroclinic activity (associated with a poleward heat flux), are collocated with the jet latitudinal position, and 5) strengthening anticyclonic shear increasestherefractionofwaveactivityequatorward(associatedwithapolewardmomentumflux).Finally,6) confinement of planetary waves in the high-latitude troposphere is an important step to couple the stratospheric changes to the tropospheric response.


Abstract The Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer, a karstic aquifer in Central Texas, is the source of drinking water for an estimated 60,000 people, and its springs are habitat for endangered species. A substantial increase in the total discharge from the aquifer has occurred over the past 60 years. This paper reviews historical precipitation and hydrologic data from Central Texas and characterizes temporal trends proximate to the aquifer. The analyses focus on precipitation, streamflow, water-level, and springflow sites with long-term data (since 1930s) and within a 75-mile radius of Barton Springs. Data were analyzed with hydrographs, best-fit linear temporal trend lines, and statistical evaluations. Over the period of record by decade, annual mean temperatures increased up to 3%, annual precipitation increased about 13%, streamflows increased about 112%, and discharges at Barton Springs increased about 86%. Streamflow and springflow data indicate that a change to a wetter climate has occurred since the 1960s. For the period of record, low stream baseflows and springflows have increased only modestly compared to higher flows. However, over the past 30 to 40 years stream baseflows and low springflows have been decreasing despite the wetter climate since the 1960s. Significant increases in pumping during the last 40 years in the area are likely the major cause for this trend of decreasing stream baseflows and springflows. Decreasing stream baseflows and increased pumping will cause decreased water availability during future droughts. Higher flows during wet periods will not significantly decrease the impacts of droughts.


Rapid viability tests of the Category B agent Escherichia coli O157:H7 were evaluated after disinfection with chlorine. The metabolic activity dyes ChemChrome V6, a modified fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) were compared to standard plate counts. ChemChrome V6 results were obtained using a solid phase cytometer and CTC results by microscopic analysis. The water-borne bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium were also tested as positive and negative controls. Under the conditions tested, CTC provided more consistency with plate count estimates of viability than did ChemChrome V6.


Purpose: A supply chain consists of raw material suppliers, manufacturers and retailers where inventory of raw materials and finished goods are involved, respectively. Therefore, it is important to find optimal solutions, which are beneficial for both supplier, manufacturer and retailer. Design/methodology/approach: This research focuses on a semi-continuous manufacturing facility by assuming that the production of succeeding cycle starts immediately after the production of preceding cycle. In reality, the inventory of a supply chain system may not be completely empty. A number of products may be left over after the deliveries are made. These leftover inventories are added to the next shipment after the production of required amount to makeup a complete batch for shipment. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for an optimal strategies for these types production facilities where leftover finished goods inventory remains after the final shipment in a production cycle. Considering these scenarios, an inventory model is developed for an imperfect matching condition where some finished goods remains after the shipments. Findings: Based on the previous observation, this research also considers a single facility that follows JIT delivery and produces multiple products to satisfy customers' demand. For this problem a rotational cycle model is developed to optimize the facility operations. Both problems are categorized as mixed integer non-linear programming problems which are to be solved to find optimum number of orders, shipments and rotational cycle policy for multiple products. Also, this solution will lead to estimate the optimum production quantity and minimum total system cost. Research limitations: This research considers the supply chain based on manufacturers point of view and it does not consider the transportation cost associated with supply chain. Next study will be focused on issues with joint decision making, information sharing, and transportation decision. Practical implications: This study will help the managers of refinery and paper industries in making their operation smooth by applying optimizing techniques and robust decision making. Originality/value: Based on the literature, no research was found on continuous production system supply chain and its optimization with JIT delivery. This research will definitely provide a direction for such problem to the researchers.


Chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms. The tetrameric P. aeruginosa lectin LecA is a virulence factor and an anti-biofilm drug target. Increasing the overall binding affinity by multivalent presentation of binding epitopes can enhance the weak carbohydrate-ligand interactions. Low-nanomolar divalent LecA ligands/inhibitors with up to 260-fold valency-normalized potency boost and excellent selectivity over human galectin-1 were synthesized from d-galactose pentaacetate and benzaldehyde-based linkers in four linear steps.


The studies regarding the changes made related to the accounting for lease have taken its final status with the publication of IFRS16 Lease Standard as a result of a long time and effort in January 2016. The related Standard shall ensure (1) the reporting of all the leases in the same way, (2) the displaying of the unrecorded leases in the financial statements and therefore, (3) the submission of more transparent, correct and comparable information. The purpose of our study is to examine the statement of financial position of the lessee enterprise after the transition to the new financial reporting standard IFRS 16 and the impacts of the change in the basic ratios. For this purpose, the impacts possible to occur in the financial position of an airline company having activities in Turkey as a result of the application of the related standard have been examined. The results of the study show that the reflection of the operating leases on the balance sheet shall cause to significant increases in the assets and liabilities and for this reason; there shall be a significant increase in the ratio of liability/asset and a significant decrease return on asset.


In this paper, we outline the requirements of a planning and decision aid to support US Army small unit operations in urban terrain and show how AI planning technologies can be exploited in that context. The work is a rare example of a comprehensive use of AI technologies across the whole planning lifecycle, set in a realistic application in which the actual user community set the requirements. The phases involved include: * Domain knowledge elicitation * Rich plan representation and use * Hierarchical Task Network Planning * Detailed constraint management * Goal structure-based plan monitoring * Dynamic issue handling * Plan repair in low and high tempo situations * Interfaces for users with different roles * Management of planning and execution workflow


The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was born with a heavy load to bear – the obligation of ensuring that every worker in America has a safe and healthful workplace for his or her entire working life. In its early years, OSHA acted with great vigor, establishing important standards for occupational health and safety that have prevented hundreds of thousands of injuries and illnesses. But the agency has not aged gracefully. Today its enforcement staff is stretched thin and the rulemaking staff struggle to produce health and safety standards that can withstand industry legal challenges. In short, OSHA is a picture of regulatory dysfunction.This white paper explores the causes of OSHA's regulatory dysfunctions and describes their negative impacts on OSHA and America's workers. With the decreasing power of unions to organize and press employers to implement strong health and safety programs, employees in every occupation rely on OSHA to protect them from occupational hazards. Yet, in the last decade, OSHA has dropped more standards from its regulatory agenda than it has finalized, largely due to insufficient budget authority. And the agency's enforcement program has assessed such paltry fines for even fatality-related violations of the law that many employers see no incentive in addressing hazards, much less developing precautionary health and safety programs. After describing OSHA's problems in detail, this paper outlines a number of reforms that could enhance the agency's performance. Although certain aspects of the Occupational Safety and Health Act could use improvement, the recommendations in this paper focus on regulatory reform – that is, administrative actions that OSHA could implement in the short term. A subsequent white paper will address legislative reform.


The article proposes an emerging approach in research on school leadership, within the framework of the "International Successful School Principalship Project(ISSPP)", where one of the three key research strands is "Principals' identities". It formulates, first, the theoretical framework for the professional identity from a narrative approach, linked -at the same time- to the practice of leadership, as an interactive relationship with the other members of the school. Successful leadership practices depend to a large degree on strong principals' identities. Second, it analyzes the biographical interviews of 15 school principals, through a process of structuring and categorizing the data collected, applying content analysis. The dimension of the principals' identities emerges in different categories: a) Personal identity; b) Professional identity (internal perspective); c) Professional identity (external perspective); d) Social identity; e) Professionalization; [and] d) Dual identity. Finally, the results are discussed, and lines are proposed to articulate and strengthen the identity of school principals in Spain.


Dense line graphs and polyline maps are challenging for interactive visualization in geographic information systems (GIS). Bundling techniques are a common approach to reduce clutter and have successfully been demonstrated for the display of complex planar graphs. Previous techniques typically employed some form of attraction or repulsion forces to bundle edges in two dimensions, and while in principle extensible to 3D they do not directly support hard intersection constraints in a 3D environment. In geographic visualization systems, e.g. such as interactive virtual globes or 3D GIS viewers, it is often necessary to take the 3D environment into account and to: (1) bundle lines and paths in 3D, (2) constrain path bundles to follow some reference network vector map, as well as (3) avoid intersections with the digital elevation model (DEM). In this paper we introduce a novel method which uses geographic vector map reference information to route, visualize and simplify path bundles along their network paths in a constrained 3D environment using adaptive B-splines. Moreover, we describe an efficient rendering architecture to flexibly display bundled paths within a 3D rendering pipeline at varying level of detail (LOD).


The distribution of [3H]ryanodine binding in subcellular fractions isolated from rat vas deferens (RVD) paralleled that of NADPH cytochrome C reductase activity indicating an endoplasmic reticulum origin of the binding sites. Scatchard analysis of [3H] ryanodine binding indicated an homogenous site with a Kd value of 6.4 nM. The maximum number of ryanodine binding sites was 488 fmol of [3H]ryanodine per milligram of protein. Norepinephrine (NE) or ATP endogenously released after electrical field stimulation (tetrodoxin-sensitive responses), both produced a biphasic contraction of the RVD when the action of the other was blocked. When NE was the agonist (prazosin-sensitive response), the initial transient contraction was suppressed by 30 microM ryanodine whereas the secondary component was abolished by 2 microM nifedipine. When ATP was the agonist (P2 tachyphylaxis-sensitive response), both phases of the contraction were suppressed by 2 microM nifedipine. However, the initial phasic component of the contraction induced by endogenously released ATP was also inhibited by 30 microM ryanodine except at high stimulation frequency (10 Hz). Exogenously added NE and alpha, beta methylene ATP produced concentration-dependent contractions of the RVD. The effect of both agonists was inhibited by 2 microM nifedipine whereas 30 microM ryanodine had little effect except at high concentrations of NE. We conclude that ryanodine binding sites reside in RVD endoplasmic reticulum. There was a lack of uniformity in the effect of ryanodine and nifedipine against alpha adrenoceptor stimulation and purinoceptor stimulation indicating a difference in the stimulation-contraction coupling process between these two modes of stimulation.


After diagnosis, management of congestive heart failure (CHF) can pose quite a struggle to many patients, since it requires that lifestyle changes be implemented into their daily life. Patients require the sufficient knowledge and education in order to best manage symptoms and improve their quality of life after being diagnosed. Use of Patient Knowledge of Self-care activities in Congestive Heart Failure (PaKSAC) survey in transitional care programs could identify patient gaps in knowledge, as well as decreasing acute care service use. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the knowledge level of CHF patients at the time of discharge from their initial hospitalization using the PaKSAC questionnaire. The following research question was addressed: Describe the patients' responses to the PaKSAC questionnaire and identify gaps of knowledge. This study was initiated following approval of the University of Arkansas and the study hospital Institutional Review Boards. This simple descriptive study will use secondary data analysis performed on 21 subjects, which completed a transitional care project. The study population consisted of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II and III patients, 18 years of age and older, with the primary diagnosis of CHF, discharged from the hospital to home. This descriptive study examined the various domains of knowledge related to lifestyle habits that can exacerbate symptoms, dietary considerations, activity level, and identification of warning signs and symptoms in the CHF patient. The PaKSAC survey was administered following discharge from the hospital. All patient information was de-identified following the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) guidelines and reported in the aggregate. Univariate statistics was used to characterize the data obtained using the PaKSAC survey. The PaKSAC survey results were analyzed according to the domains related to knowledge about CHF, signs and EFFECTS OF PATIENT EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE ON CHF PATIENTS 2 symptoms, self-care, and self-care confidence (Appendix A). This study provides findings on the knowledge deficit that is a pressing issue found in CHF patients. Study results lead to the conclusion that discharge planning and continued post-discharge education is extremely important for this population. EFFECTS OF PATIENT EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE ON CHF PATIENTS 3


ABSTRACT Determining population genetic structure of isolated or fragmented species is of critical importance when planning a conservation strategy. Knowledge of the genetic composition and differentiation among populations of a rare or threatened species can aid conservation managers in understanding how, and which, populations to protect. The whorled sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae), is a federally endangered sunflower species endemic to the southeastern United States. The distribution of the species comprises four known populations within three states: Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia. Recently, new populations were discovered in Marshall County, Mississippi, and Franklin County, Virginia. Here, we carry out a population genetic study of these new populations using nuclear microsatellite markers and compare our results to those from previously known populations of H. verticillatus. Our results show that both newly discovered populations contain novel genetic variation, with Mississippi containing the most private alleles out of all populations tested. The Virginia population is genetically similar to the previously known populations but is under the most conservation concern given the recovery of only two unique genetic individuals found in this population. These results indicate these new populations are worthy of protection and conservation efforts given the unique genetic variation they harbor.


This paper simulates how a doubling of food prices affects absolute poverty and the food-price-adjusted real income distribution. We assume unsubsidized world food prices in order to derive the cost of poverty deepening and poverty expansion. We also estimate the degree to which inequality increases if no measures are put in place to offset rising food prices. Both measures are vulnerability indicators useful for social policy planning. Our results show that low-income countries experience dramatic increases in absolute poverty as a result of doubling food prices. Middle-income countries experience the greatest decrease in absolute income, which contributes most to an increase in world income inequality. The paper estimates that the global dollar value of the absolute poverty gap ($1.25/day) has the potential to increase by 400%, with poverty deepening accounting for two thirds of the increase.


This thesis addresses the user-friendliness of medicines. Using medicines is a complex process during which many difficulties can be experienced, for instance with the opening of packaging, the breakability of tablets or the administration of eye drops. Such practical problems can lead to incorrect use of medicines and consequently into deterioration of medical conditions or to adverse effects ranging from bothersome complaints to serious reactions including disability or (re)admissions to hospital. We took the usability of medicines for older people as a starting point for our studies. Aging comes with an increased prevalence of functional decline, e.g. with regard to decreased vision, hearing, manual dexterity and hand-grip strength. Consequently, aging can affect patients' ability to adequately use medicines. Besides, older people are the largest user group of medicines. Taking the capabilities of the aging population into account during the development of medicines will help older people to use their medicines independently. First, we investigated the practical problems that older people experience with the daily use of their medication through telephone questionnaires and interviews. These two studies provide insight in the variety of problems that older people may experience with the use of their medicines and their strategies to overcome the usability issues. In addition, the potential clinical consequences of the problems and solutions were determined. We then focussed on the suitability of the design of medicines for use by older people. We investigated the design features of medicines that caused the previously identified use problems among older patients, and the functionality of the score mark on tablets for dividing tablets in equal doses. At last, approaches to prevent usability problems with medicines are explored. This includes overcoming problems with the swallowing of tablets and with the subdivision of tablets. In addition, it was investigated to what extent pharmacy technicians identify problems with opening medicine packaging and how they assist patients in resolving these problems. This thesis demonstrates that the user-friendliness of medicines can be approved significantly. This requires a multifaceted approach; not only medicine developers can contribute to the better use of medicines, also regulatory agencies, health care providers, health insurers and patients themselves should be committed to contribute to this. We recommend that medicines developers evaluate the usability of medicines for the intended user population during product development. Concomitantly, we advise regulators to encourage medicine developers to conduct usability studies and assess the outcomes of such studies as part of the marketing authorisation application. In addition, collecting and sharing post-marketing reports on usability problems with medicines could significantly contribute to the prevention of similar problems with other products. As patients are not forthcoming about problems with the use of their medicines, health care providers should encourage patients to report their usability problems and address these problems as part of counselling. Health care insurance companies can play a role in preventing usability problems with medicines by taking the usability of a medicine into account when selecting preferred suppliers.


US – Upland Cotton (DS267), known as the cotton dispute, revealed the limits of the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Understanding and pitted US agricultural and trade policies against Brazil's comparative advantages in cotton cultivation. More than any other case, this trade dispute exposed the underlying challenges to advancing the Doha Development Agenda. This article explores US compliance with the Dispute Settlement Body's successive rulings from 2005 to 2009 by examining executive compliance efforts in the face of congressional foot dragging, and how such efforts shaped the evolution of this trade conflict and framed its resolution in October of 2014. The examination confirms the pivotal role that congress played in preventing full compliance, but also reveals the importance of executive administrative discretion, legislative advocacy, and trade policy orientation in determining the outcome of the cotton dispute and its eventual impact upon US global trade liberalization leadership, including the US government's strategic withdrawal from the Doha round.


BACKGROUND: Candidemia is an important health problem in immunocompromised patients with an epidemiology varying with region, period and patient population involved. OBJECTIVES: The occurrence of candidemia and the associated species distribution over a 12-year period at a large tertiary care centre in Belgium were analysed. The trend in incidence in the intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs was investigated as well as the influence of antifungal exposure on the species distribution. PATIENTS/METHODS: Candidemia incidence was expressed per 10,000 patient days (PD). Epidemiological ... Read more


The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level textbooks in mathematics, mathematical methods and their applications. Apart from covering important areas of current interest, a major aim is to make topics of an interdisciplinary nature accessible to the non-specialist. The works in this series are addressed to advanced students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. In addition, it can serve as a guide for lectures and seminars on a graduate level. The series de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics was founded ca. 30 years ago by the late Professor Heinz Bauer and Professor Peter Gabriel with the aim to establish a series of monographs and textbooks of high standard, written by scholars with an international reputation presenting current fields of research in pure and applied mathematics.While the editorial board of the Studies has changed with the years, the aspirations of the Studies are unchanged. In times of rapid growth of mathematical knowledge carefully written monographs and textbooks written by experts are needed more than ever, not least to pave the way for the next generation of mathematicians. In this sense the editorial board and the publisher of the Studies are devoted to continue the Studies as a service to the mathematical community. Please submit any book proposals to Niels Jacob.


Kinematic shear sense indicators are critical tools for tectonic interpretation of shear zones. The appropriate plane in which to interpret shear sense indicators is the vorticity normal surface, which is often inferred using fabric (foliation, lineation) orientation. Strain modeling, however, suggests that such fabrics can be unreliable for determining a kinematic framework. We demonstrate the application of a new quantitative method, crystallographic vorticity axis (CVA) analysis, that utilizes rotation statistics to calculate dispersion axes from crystallographic orientations at the grain scale. We apply CVA analysis to samples from three shear zones that exhibit distinct kinematics and deformation geometries. In all cases, the aggregate of calculated grain-scale dispersion axes yields a preferred axis of crystallographic vorticity at the specimen scale that is coincident with the independently determined bulk vorticity axis. This new method allows the position of vorticity axes to be evaluated independently of foliation and lineation information, and without assumptions about the kinematics of deformation.


The brief war between Georgia and Russia in August 2008 provoked vigorous international reactions among the European states as consequence of the sudden shift in the strategic balance. This article argues for a focus on the great powers France, Germany and Britain as crucial actors for understanding the policy reactions towards Russia. It argues furthermore that reactions must be explained from the perspective of experience based on past geopolitics which translate the external pressures into concrete foreign policy: France oriented towards the creation of a strong EU as global actor, Germany influenced by her self-imposed restraint in foreign affairs and Britain influenced by Atlanticist commitments in her balancing behaviour. Beyond the Russo-Georgian war, the article points to an interest-based foreign policy approach towards Russia in the longer term driven by a great power concert with the Franco-German axis as stable element but increasingly with backing from Britain, thus contributing to transatlantic foreign policy convergence on the issue.


There are many reasons to investigate the propagation of surface water waves in the sea. In this report Boussinesq models are studied, that can be applied for modeling free-surface waves
propagating from the deep sea up into the surf zone. These models can become fairly complex and improving linear frequency dispersion properties of these Boussinesq models often invoke difficult higher-order terms in the resulting partial differential equations [18].
Among others, Broer [7, 8], Broer et al.[9]and Klopman et al.[19] propose, based on the variational principle for potential flows proposed by Luke [27], variational Boussinesq models to describe potential flows with dispersion. The advantage of these models is that energy is conserved and guaranteed to be positive, while mixed higher order spatial and temporal derivatives are avoided. The cost of this is that we additional unknown quantities, with associated
elliptic partial differential equations, that are relatively simple to solve numerically [20]. In this report three variational models are considered, namely those of Luke [27], Klopman et
al. [19] and Whitham [37], and they are extended including surface tension effects. Additionally, we integrated the motion of the fluid domain boundaries with our variational principles describing the fluid motion. We compare the linear dispersion relations of the three models and draw the conclusions that the Klopman variational Boussinesq model approximates the exact linear dispersion obtained from Luke variational principle for potential flow, better than
the Whitham model.


The Marillac were one of the most important noble families in early modern France. My analysis of this pivotal and deeply political family during the turbulent era of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1629) examines and explains the importance of the interaction of familial alliances, religion and diplomacy in the making of the state. This period represents a critical moment in the process of state development. In contrast to prevailing studies of early modern state formation that concentrate on a centrally-directed program, this dissertation argues that it was the expansion of family strategy, and its interplay with religion and diplomacy, that drove the ongoing construction of the early modern state. There was no blueprint for the creation of this state. Rather, it was born out of an accretion of policies formed by politically important clans working to advance their familial interests. By closely tracing the fortunes of the Marillac clan through archives and research libraries in France, this study discloses the nature of power in early modern Europe in its daily, practical manifestations. My project reaffirms the agency of the family and the individual in the making of the state. It showcases the importance of religious devotion to the formation of family strategy, and especially how Marillac women were drivers of this devotion. My research demonstrates how one family successfully negotiated the Wars of Religion. Additionally, I discuss the impactful role of the individual diplomat in the practice of foreign affairs. Finally, by tracing the fortunes of the Marillac family, I show how a family not only rises to power, but falls, as well as the consequences and limits of disgrace. My research will therefore contribute to the fields of early modern state-building, diplomacy, religious politics, and women and gender through the prism of Marillac family strategy and its interaction with religion and diplomacy.


Normalization of design rules and guidelines in English language tests to help future instructors and assessment developers in the field of examination of English as a foreign language. have not been defined sufficiently until present days In fact, there are several experiences and investigations related to the user's experiences in the handling of computer exams for learning a foreign language that have been evaluated in, for and through different experimental interactive digital environments. These interactive scenarios oriented to the user experience, UX in the ubiquitous devices, have allowed to learn technological, functional and design aspects that will be necessary in the future to establish the standards in design and vision for language tests in its online environment. The lack of effective and realistic regulations has become a functional requirement for the progress of research on digital environments adapted to the needs of competence assessment and more specifically, to the learning environment of foreign language (FL). Proliferation of on-line tests of language certification of ls with a structural corpus depends on where there are not really functional and formal guidelines that allow evaluating their quality and adequacy from the experience of the user and according to the level of learning competences acquired in a foreign language. This article describes aspects of design that should be taken into account when defining an online test of languages in a ubiquitous device that will mark verifiable guidelines of a general nature and affect the evaluation task in the formation of languages that need to be checked and evaluated periodically. Keywords—m-learning, English as a Foreign Language, Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), User Experience (UX), normalization, online test, design iJIM ‒ Vol. 12, No. 4, 2018 21 Paper—Standardization of Design Interfaces Applied to Language Test on-line through Ubiquitous Devi...


Whether it be a road, railway track, pipeline or fibreoptic cable, achieving a low probability of "cable" damage is important for the proper operation of modern infrastructure. This paper considers the fundamental problem of how to connect two points with a cable that crosses an earthquake fault line. We first develop a model, under certain general assumptions, for the cable break probability. Then we formulate a multiobjective optimization problem, with cable cost and probability of cable break being the two objectives. For two important and meaningful sets of cable shape alternatives, the Pareto front is determined for these two objectives. All the analytical results are verified by simulations.


The purpose of the paper is to present an application of a new method to the two-dimensional, transient advective-diffusive transport in both turbulent flow of viscous fluid and seepage flow in porous media. The method called the weighted finite difference method (WFDM) is based on the classical finite difference approach. The domain is discretised into irregular polygons rather than rectangles so that geometrically curved boundaries are allowed. This method has a relative error of order h 4 , h being the mesh spacing. The new method is stable and accurate in a wide range of Courant and diffusion numbers in turbulent flow. The numerical solutions in the advective-diffusive transport in porous media are compared with the experimental results.


The radix of Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum F. Maekawa (A. radix) is called seshin in Korean, saishin in Japanese, xi x?n in Chinese and Chinese wild ginger in English and is widely used to treat various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent anti- inflammatory and anticancer effects using methanol, ethanol and water extracts of A. radix. Methanol, ethanol and water extracts of Asiasarum heterotropoides were obtained. A mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was exposed to A. radix at final concentrations that ranged from 25 to 200 μg/ml. The production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells was quantified. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549 cells) were treated with A. radix and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2), and caspase-3 expression was tested. Higher cytotoxicity was noted after treatment with methanol, ethanol and water extracts of A. radix. Stimulation with LPS for 24 h led to a robust increase in NO production, but A. radix significantly suppressed NO by the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in all groups. Pretreatment with absolute ethanol extract of A. radix suppressed the LPS-stimulated iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 expressions. The results showed that A. radix extract showed significantly higher cytotoxicity when compared with the untreated control. The expression of SOD-2 and caspase-3 increased with the increase of exposure time to A. radix extracts. Within the limits of this study, A. radix showed an anti-inflammatory effect using RAW 264.7 cell lines and anticancer effects on A549 cells. These effects were influenced by extraction methods. Absolute ethanol extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in these experimental settings.


Forensic accounting, given its peculiar investigative stance, requires a specific skills set on the part of the forensic accountant, that integrates accounting, auditing and investigative skills. The Jordanian Anti-Corruption Commission's (JACC) struggle to investigate Maward's, a Jordanian state-own company, suspected corruption has raised serious concerns regarding the weak state of forensic accounting in Jordan, and the need for its adaptation to suit the country's peculiar context, to successfully institutionalize at the wider societal level and benefit the state in its aim for ensuring efficient utilization of the scarce resources at its disposal. This study is an attempt to deduce a country-specific conceptual framework for forensic accounting, which can be replicated, with suitable adaptations, to other countries with similar cultural backgrounds, and put forth some theory-supported suggestions to help guide future research in the area.


Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a syndrome unrelated to pregnancy or surgery and characterized by lower abdominal pain and tenderness, cervical motion tenderness, and adnexal tenderness. Fever, leukocytosis, and the results of laboratory tests are used to support the diagnosis. Participants in clinical trials should be stratified into two groups: those with and those without tubo-ovarian abscess--i.e., those with complicated and those with uncomplicated PID. Diagnostic studies and treatment should be directed at four major groups of pathogens: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, anaerobic bacteria, and facultative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Women requiring hospitalization should generally be treated as inpatients for at least 4-7 days; outpatient therapy should then be instituted to complete a 14- to 21-day course. Clinical and laboratory evaluations should be conducted daily during hospitalization and both 2-4 days and 2-4 weeks after the completion of therapy.


Retail financial services in all markets, including emerging markets, are undergoing major transformation, driven by change, deregulation and customer sophistication. Customer service and specifically relationship management, in particular, are crucial to attaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. The implementation of a one-to-one programme within an emerging economy is the focus of this paper, specifically in the financial services environment. The steps in the implementation of CRM as proposed by Peppers, Rogers and Dorf are examined and the effect on customer service in an emerging market is investigated. The findings indicate that there are positive associations with these steps and customer service.