This study compares the behavior of students and non-students in a number of classic experimental games. We find that students are more likely to behave as homo-economicus agents than non-students in games involving other-regarding preferences (Dictator Game, Trust Game and Public Good Game). These differences persist even when controlling for demographics, cognitive ability and risk preferences. In games that do not engage other-regarding preferences (Beauty-contest and Second-price Auction) there is limited evidence of differences in behaviour between subject pools. In none of the five games is there evidence of significant differences in comprehension between students and non-students. Within subject analyses indicate that students are highly consistent in their other-regarding preferences while non-student subjects are inconsistent across other-regarding games. Our findings suggest that experiments using students will provide a lower bound estimate of other-regardedness in the general population while exaggerating the stability of other-regarding preferences.


A high-resolution Compressed High-Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) survey reveals shore-parallel variations in the Holocene sediment thickness offshore La Jolla, California. Sediment thicknesses decrease from >20 m in the south near Scripps Canyon to zero in the north approaching Torrey Pines. In addition to the south-to-north variation in sediment thickness, the transgressive surface observed in seismic lines shoals from Scripps Canyon to the north. Despite these dramatic shore-parallel subsurface changes, the nearshore bathymetry exhibits little to no change along strike. A left jog (i.e., a constraining bend) along the Rose Canyon fault causes local uplift in the region and appears to explain the northward shoaling of the transgressive surface, the decrease in relief on the transgressive surface away from the left jog, and the Holocene sediment thickness variation. This tectonic deformation is shore parallel, and thus the accommodation can be separated into its tectonic and eustatic components.


PURPOSE
To develop a selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metformin in human plasma and urine, using a conventional reverse phase column and low specimen volume.

METHODS
Extraction of metformin and ranitidine (as internal standard) from plasma and urine samples (100 µL) was performed with a 1-butanol-hexane (50:50, v/v) mixture under alkaline conditions followed by back-extraction into diluted acetic acid. Chromatography was carried out using a C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 (34:66, v/v) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (3 mM) was pumped at an isocratic flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.

RESULTS
The calibration curves were linear (>0.995) in the concentration ranges of 10-5000 and 2-2000 μg/mL for metformin in plasma and urine respectively. .The mean absolute recoveries for 100 and 1000 ng/mL metformin in plasma using the present extraction procedure were 93.7 and 88.5%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation in plasma and urine were <20% at the lowest, and <16% at other concentrations. The percent error values were less than 2% in plasma while it reached ~9% in urine. The lower limits of quantification were 7.8 ng/mL and 1.6 μg/mL of metformin base in plasma and urine respectively.

CONCLUSION
The method showed high calibers of sensitivity and selectivity for monitoring therapeutic concentrations of metformin in both plasma and urine based on a 0.1 ml sample size._____________________________________________________________________________________


Abstract. Open ocean deep convection is a common source of error in the representation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation in ocean general circulation models. Although those events are well described in non-assimilatory ocean simulations, the recent appearance of a massive open ocean polynya in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Phase II reanalysis product (ECCO2) raises questions on which mechanisms are responsible for those spurious events and whether they are also present in other state-of-the-art assimilatory reanalysis products. To investigate this issue, we evaluate how three recently released high-resolution ocean reanalysis products form AABW in their simulations. We found that two of the products create AABW by open ocean deep convection events in the Weddell Sea that are triggered by the interaction of sea ice with the Warm Deep Water, which shows that the assimilation of sea ice is not enough to avoid the appearance of open ocean polynyas. The third reanalysis, My Ocean University Reading UR025.4, creates AABW using a rather dynamically accurate mechanism. The UR025.4 product depicts both continental shelf convection and the export of Dense Shelf Water to the open ocean. Although the accuracy of the AABW formation in this reanalysis product represents an advancement in the representation of the Southern Ocean dynamics, the differences between the real and simulated processes suggest that substantial improvements in the ocean reanalysis products are still needed to accurately represent AABW formation.


A spatio-temporal analysis of Barents Sea survey data from the deeper parts of the Barents Sea shows a sudden change in fish community structure and abundance taking place in the mid 1980s and 1990s. The change in fish community structure is concomitant with climatic change and increasing fishing effort. Fishery may amplify the effects of climate forcing, and oppose recovery from the impact of climatic events. To characterize the effects of climate and fishery, survey trawl data, temperature data and log book data from the shrimp fishery are analyzed for the period 1980-2007. The climate regime shifts in the mid 80s and 90s with decline in North Atlantic Oscillation and temperature resulted in abrupt decline in fish abundance, decline in biodiversity and increase in pelagic demersal ratio. The shrimp stock also declined and the response of the shrimp industry was a reduction in effort. As the standardised fishing effort is our only measure of fishing impact it becomes difficult to separate between the two impact factors temperature and fisheries. Yet, preliminary results indicate that the shrimp fishery has minor influence on the fish community. The fish community in the Barents Sea has changed into a more North Sea like pelagic-dominated ecosystem. The sudden changes in abundance and diversity reveal that the Barents Sea fish community is sensitive to environmental change. High precaution is needed in the management of all human activities in the Barents Sea due to its low species diversity and resilience.


American popular music reflects a rich cultural diversity. From Aaron Copland to Miles Davis to Elvis Presley to Muddy Waters, the United States has produced some of the most influential and beloved musicians and performers of the 20th century. The blues, jazz, and rock and roll - musical genres loved around the world - were born here, and American composers, producers, singers, and songwriters have crafted a unique heritage in other genres such as classical and folk. "American Popular Music", a new eight-volume set, celebrates American music by presenting a wealth of information on seven major musical branches. Each comprehensive book provides the perfect, one-stop starting point for research in each musical field. Between 300 and 500 entries in each volume cover key personalities, landmark performances and recordings, hit songs and experimental compositions, important publications, musical instruments, styles of music, social and historical issues, organizations and schools, record companies, and much more. Together, the volumes comprise a panoramic depiction of American music and the influential threads that weave among the different musical genres. Written by experts for students and enthusiasts, "American Popular Music" is an essential resource for the study and appreciation of American music. A seven-member editorial board of expert advisers includes top academics who are also performing musicians, producers, and songwriters, including a Grammy nominee and an internationally recognized composer. Each book includes 40 to 60 photographs, a glossary, a discography of recommended listening, a chronology, and an index. The eighth volume, included for free with the purchase of the complete seven-volume set, is a comprehensive index that allows readers to easily locate musical terms, musicians, songs, and more throughout the entire set, "American Popular Music" is a must-have resource not only for students researching music but also for those interested in social movements, cultural history, geography, technology, the growth of broadcast and recorded media, ethnography and anthropology, and many other topics.


Ragnar Ostberg's "stipendieresian" (Eng. research travel,1896-1899) coincided with a transition from the traditional 18th-century aristocratic Grand Tour to a more contemporary style of bourgeois travel. One significant change is captured by E. Cornell's injunction quoted in the headline. (Eng. "use your eyes" in "Ragnar Ostberg. Svensk Arkitekt, 1965). Virtually retracing Clason's steps, he left Stockholm in the early months of 1896 and included some pioneering and unconventional itineraries which broadened his interest in other architectural ages: Renaissance buildings and their continuity with Latin and Greek works of architecture, mediaeval town-halls and churches. Architecture without architects figures foremost among Ostberg's travelogues and sketchbooks. He succeeded in overlapping often a personal taste to academic studies. As he travelled from South to North, at first glance he found the classical temples and theatres inaccessible with their timeless principles and values (L. Ortelli, 1999). In Latium, Umbria, Tuscany, Emilia Romagna, Venetia and Lombardy he paid particular attention to Medieval city-halls and noble palaces and their relation with urban dynamics. He noted down certain Renaissance features, especially how an entrance facade tended to divide into three, and how the entrance itself was designed. Ostberg's sketches convey his interest in sculpture: he would sketch details or entire mausoleums. Travelling through Latium and Umbria, he made evocative foreshortenings in which he inserted a human figure – the implication being that architecture is a human creation built for people. In Bologna, Ferrara, Faenza, Imola, Cesena he became fascinated with the brickwork, the skillfully crafted cornices and arches, as he previously studied on the L. Runge's handbook. His "resenskissen" (Eng. sketches) contain comparative analytical drawings (jamforelserna) featuring various cities, his attention caught by works of architecture as a whole and by the smallest detail. Coming from a country where nature plays an important role in the design process, Ostberg explored not only Italian architecture, but its relation to nature. One notes how he cycled round some regions of Italy in order to have closer contact with architecture and nature. Ostberg did not draw entire buildings in the manner of Prix d' Emulation drawings using orthogonal projection, but carefully selected whatever features particularly struck him. His selection process seems to have been dictated by four reading approaches: typological, technical, material and aesthetic. Following this personal point of view, he would decide how to depict the detail, ground plan, facade and landscape. One also observes how many disparate sketching styles he employed, from outlined ink sketches to watercolours, from crayon to charcoal. He drew on separate sheets of paper, tracing-paper or sketchbooks. On his return to Stockholm he was able to synthesize this whole travel input into a personal idiom that embodied a Swedish character. Ostberg's aim was to refound Swedish architecture against the cosmopolitan background that had arisen in Sweden during the 19th century. He must stand as a key figure at that Swedish architectural turning-point.


Dense population of epipelic photoautotrophic bacteria were found in the surface sediments
during April 1984 to October 1984 in the mangrove ecosystem of Cochin. Pigment analysis by Spectrophotometric techniques re:vealed the structure and relative abundance of the populations. Maximum
bacterio-chlorophyll ' a ' was encountered in May (1650.6 mg/m-') whereas bacteriochlorophvll
'c'and 'd' were found to be more during April 1984(1069.2mg/m-' and 510mg/m-° respectively).
The bacterial pigments developed in the anoxic cultures in the present investigation showed absorp'
tion maximum at 662 nm, therefore it can be classified as ' Chlorobium dilorophyll 660'. The
predominant bacteria were identified as members of the genera Chloronema, Chromatium, Begggiatoa,
Thiopedia an d Leucothiobacterla. Unidentified brown Chlorobiaceae were present. Maximal development
of the population was found during April 1984. The distribution of oxygen, temperature
salinity, pH and Eh profiles were determined. Phototrophic sulfur bacteria ranged from 4.2-19.4%
of the total anaerobes isolated. The main factors determining the growth of green sulfur bacteria
were light and high sulfide concentration whereas the growth of purple sulfur bacteria was mainly controlled by subdued light and low sulfide concentration during the experimental period.


XML has become a widely used standard for data exchange among applications. Consequently, a large amount of data is distributed on the Web and stored in different persistence models. DBMSs provide concurrency control techniques to manage such data. However, the structure of XML data makes the application of these techniques difficult. Regarding distributed environments, there are still few papers and they have limitations. This paper introduces DTX, a mechanism for distributed concurrency control for XML data. In order to evaluate DTX, experiments that measure its performance are presented.


In the high frequency limit, a vibrating panel subject to spatially-random temporally-broadband forcing is shown to have broadband power and directivity properties that can be expressed in simple analytical terms by a limited set of parameters. A lightly-loaded fixed-fixed membrane with a distribution of broadband uncorrelated drive points is analyzed. The theory is developed using classical modal methods and asymptotic modal analysis, assuming small damping. The power and directivity of the radiated pressure field are characterized in terms of structural wave Mach number, damping ratio, and dimensionless frequency. The relatively simple directivity pattern that emerges can be shown to arise from edge radiation. From the point of view of edge radiation, assuming a lightly damped reverberant structure, the same radiation formula and directivity pattern can be derived in a much simpler manner. Broadband radiation from structures with subsonic and supersonic flexural wave speeds is discussed and characterized in terms of a simple interpretation of the surface wavenumber spatial transform. The results show that the physical idea of interpreting edge radiation in terms of uncancelled volumetric sources is not correct, and the effect of higher order edge singularities is in fact very significant. The approach implies a relationship between radiation and structural power flow that is potentially useful in energy-intensity based prediction methods, and can be generalized to more complex structures with application to vehicle interior noise prediction.© 2008 ASME


In 1987, a budget classical record label was started in Hong Kong by Klaus Heymann, a German businessman who loved classical music. Swiftly, it gained a world wide reputation for reliable new digital recordings of the classics at a remarkably low price. Despite opposition from the classical record establishment, it grew at a remarkable pace, and soon expanded into opera, early music, contemporary music and specialist repertoire so that it became appreciated by specialist collectors as well as the general music lover. It is now the leading provider of classical music and as an innovator in digital delivery. At the heart of Naxos is one man: Klaus Heymann. The combination of his broad knowledge of classical music and his acute business acumen has enabled him to build the most varied classical music label in the world, but also the most effective distribution network to ensure that his recordings are available everywhere. This fascinating story explains how it happened, how a one-time tennis coach in Frankfurt became a classical recording mogul in Hong Kong and how, at the age of 75, he still holds the reins as firmly as ever.


Abstract Recent literature suggests that the development of cognitive skills should constitute explicit learning objectives in design education. The work describes an educational intervention designed with the intention of promoting the creative and critical thinking performance of a group of Portuguese design students. To this end, creativity and critical thinking tests, pre and post intervention, were applied to the experimental group and to a control group. The intervention was based on two fundamental theoretical assumptions: (1) students' thinking skills can be promoted by the introduction of Design Thinking as a learning content, and (2) this work should be complemented by the promotion of students' metacognitive reflection. Comparing the learning process, by analogy, with a backpack journey, a Logbook concept as an educational tool to potentially promote students' self-reflection was developed. Compared with the control group, results indicate a positive evolution of creative thinking skills in the experimental group.


While human life expectancy may be increasing due to advances in public health, technology and medicine, there are serious questions as to whether the quality of human life can keep up with this increase in longevity. Postindustrial society is experiencing a proliferation of light-related disorders and diseases specifically because our technologically-based society can operate 24 hours per day in illuminated indoor environments. Furthermore, illuminating interiors with electric lighting poses a dual dilemma: the energy efficiency of electric light versus natural daylight together with the impact of light itself on human health and wellbeing. This paper investigates sustainable design at the nexus of health, energy and technology by considering relationships between light and human health. By discussing the physiological effects of light on the body, the need for natural daylight in the human environment for improved cognitive functioning will be demonstrated. Because people spend a large portion of their time indoors, especially the elderly, unless a room is oriented to maximize light from the sun, it is necessary to illuminate the interior environment using electric light sources. However, artificially illuminating the indoors poses a sustainability issue because electric lighting is one of the largest contributors to energy consumption by buildings in the United States. Designing for older adults in health care environments, especially the elderly with age-related fragility, declining cognitive functioning and symptoms of dementia, is a particularly significant design challenge and one in which lighting can play a crucial role. To address both issues of health and sustainability, an energy-conserving diurnal daylight-matching LED luminaire is being developed to improve health outcomes for the elderly at St. Francis Country House near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


Consumer awareness of food nutritional properties has increased significantly. A healthy diet is now viewed as the first step towards the prevention of many age-related chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. In most cases oxidative damage is involved in the onset of these diseases, much of which can be prevented by a diet high in antioxidants. However, throughout hundreds of years of domestication, many crop species, such as lettuce, have been genetically manipulated with the purpose of increasing favourable traits. These selective processes have resulted in the unintentional decrease of the antioxidant nutritional content of species such as Lactuca sativa. This project aimed to use natural resources for the enhancement of lettuce nutritional properties through the introgression of genes from a close relative of L. sativa. Initially, the total antioxidant content of baby lettuce leaves was investigated, with particular focus on carotenoids, chlorophyll and phenolic compounds. Wild lettuce (L. serriola, acc. UC96US23) was found to produce higher levels of total antioxidants, chlorophylls and carotenoids than the lettuce cultivated variety, Salinas cv. Subsequently, these traits were analysed in a Recombinant Inbred Line mapping population obtained by crossing these two lettuce species. Considerable transgressive segregation was observed and this data was then used to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on the population, which showed an additive effect of both parents contributing to these beneficial traits. Subsequent analyses of key genes involved in the synthesis of carotenoids and phenolic compounds revealed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Understanding the processes involved in the synthesis of nutritional properties and identifying the genes underlying these traits is key to producing a better quality lettuce. This project demonstrates potential for the improvement of lettuce antioxidant nutritional qualities through breeding with a wild relative


One of the objectives of the Yucca Mountain Project, in Southern Nevada, is to evaluate the effects of the development of a high-level nuclear waste repository. As described in the Section 175 Report to the Congress of the United States, the temporal scope of this repository project encompasses approximately 70 years and includes four phases: site characterization and licensing, construction, operation, and closure and decommissioning. If retrieval of the waste were to be required, the temporal scope of the repository project could be extended to approximately 100 years. The study of the potential socioeconomic effects of this project is the foundation for this paper. This paper focuses on the economic and demographic aspects and a possible method to interface the two. First, the authors briefly discuss general socioeconomic modeling theory from a county level view point, as well as methods for the apportionment of county level data to sub-county areas. Next, the authors describe the unique economic and demographic conditions which exist in Nevada at both the state and county levels. Finally, the authors evaluate a possible procedure for analyzing repository effects at a sub-county level; this involves discussion of an interface linking the economic and demographic aspects, which is based on the reconciliation of supply and demand for labor. The authors conclude that the basis for further model development may rely on the interaction of supply and demand to produce change in wage rates. These changes in expected wages should be a justification for allocating economic migrants (who may respond to Yucca Mountain Project development) into various communities.


A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element for thin beams is proposed within the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). The deformation of the element is described by means of displacement vector, axial slope and axial rotation parameter per node. The element is based on the Bernoulli-Euler theory and can undergo coupled axial extension, bending and torsion in the large deformation case. Singularities — which are typically caused by such parameterizations — are overcome by a director per element node. Once the directors are properly defined, a cross sectional frame is defined at any point of the beam axis. Since the director is updated during computation, no singularities occur. The proposed element is a three-dimensional ANCF Bernoulli-Euler beam element free of singularities and without transverse slope vectors. Detailed convergence analysis by means of various numerical examples and comparison to analytical solutions shows the performance and accuracy of the element.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


From financial services platforms to social networks to vehicle control, software has come to mediate many activities of daily life. Governing bodies and standards organizations have responded to this trend by creating regulations and standards to address issues such as safety, security and privacy. In this environment, the compliance of software development to standards and regulations has emerged as a key requirement. Compliance claims and arguments are often captured in assurance cases, with linked evidence of compliance. Evidence can come from testcases, verification proofs, human judgement, or a combination of these. That is, we try to build (safety-critical) systems carefully according to well justified methods and articulate these justifications in an assurance case that is ultimately judged by a human. Yet software is deeply rooted in uncertainty making pragmatic assurance more inductive than deductive: most of complex open-world functionality is either not completely specifiable (due to uncertainty) or it is not cost-effective to do so, and deductive verification cannot happen without specification. Inductive assurance, achieved by sampling or testing, is easier but generalization from finite set of examples cannot be formally justified. And of course the recent popularity of constructing software via machine learning only worsens the problem — rather than being specified by predefined requirements, machine-learned components learn existing patterns from the available training data, and make predictions for unseen data when deployed. On the surface, this ability is extremely useful for hard-to specify concepts, e.g., the definition of a pedestrian in a pedestrian detection component of a vehicle. On the other, safety assessment and assurance of such components becomes very challenging. In this talk, I focus on two specific approaches to arguing about safety and security of software under uncertainty. The first one is a framework for managing uncertainty in assurance cases (for "conventional" and "machine-learned" systems) by systematically identifying, assessing and addressing it. The second is recent work on supporting development of requirements for machine-learned components in safety-critical domains.


The amelioration of plant salinity tolerance due to reduction in potential evapotranspiration is a long recognized phenomenon. In spite of this, salinity tolerance of plants is generally calculated from full season, time‐ and space‐averaged response data. We hypothesized that the HYDRUS‐1D model could be used to predict dynamic changes in plant salinity tolerance for a greenhouse vegetable crop over a full season and to determine best management practices regarding blending of saline with desalinated water for optimization of yields and water use efficiency (WUE). The specific objectives of the study were to determine dynamic vapor pressure deficit (VDP)–salinity response relationships of bell pepper plants grown in lysimeters and to apply them for hypothetical management scenarios when irrigating with blended desalinated and brackish water under commercial conditions. The transpiration response of bell pepper plants to salinity in the controlled lysimeter experiment was strongly influenced by variations in potential transpiration throughout the season. The plants were relatively tolerant during periods of low VPD and relatively sensitive during periods of high transpiration demand. Data were used to develop salinity response equations as a function of VPD. In a case study for Israel's Arava Valley, transpiration and water productivity of bell peppers could be increased 5% by blending saline and desalinated water such that less saline water was applied during periods of relatively high sensitivity (high VPD) and more during periods of relative tolerance as compared to application of the same total of both sources of water blended at a constant ratio throughout the season. Sensitivity analysis of the dynamic crop response model revealed that such increases in water productivity would be even greater for more salt sensitive crops.


Regulation of gene expression is crucial for organism growth, and it is one of the challenges in systems biology to reconstruct the underlying regulatory biological networks from transcriptomic data. The formation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis thaliana is stimulated by a cascade of regulators of which only the interactions of its initial elements have been identified. Using simulated gene expression data with known network topology, we compare the performance of inference algorithms, based on different approaches, for which ready-to-use software is available. We show that their performance improves with the network size and the inclusion of mutants. We then analyze two sets of genes, whose activity is likely to be relevant to lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis, and assess causality of their regulatory interactions by integrating sequence analysis with the intersection of the results of the best performing methods on time series and mutants. The methods applied capture known interactions between genes that are candidate regulators at early stages of development. The network inferred from genes significantly expressed during lateral root formation exhibits distinct scale free, small world and hierarchical properties and the nodes with a high out-degree may warrant further investigation.


This contribution provides some insights in possible future developments in Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE). Some challenges for the field are presented in light of a rapidly changing world that has homogenizing and polarizing tendencies. Four different movements and emphases within education, communication, and participation in relation to people and planet are distinguished: from nature conservation education (NCE), to environmental education (EE), to education for sustainable development (ESD) to environmental and sustainability education (ESE). These different 'educations' do not literally succeed one another. Rather, they often they run parallel. The authors observe a trend in some parts of the world towards convergence where both sense of place and the strengthening of relationships between people and people and the non-human and more-than-human world, as well as the questioning of deep rooted structures and hegemonic values, engaging multiple actors with sometime conflicting views and the crossing of boundaries between sectors and disciplines, are considered critical. The readers of this special issue are challenged to mirror these movements with their own histories and realities but also to imagine how nascent scientific, technological, social, and ecological developments might perturb, disrupt, and/or transform the field of environmental education in ways that allow for more sustainable futures to emerge.


Virtual worlds (VWs) are media-rich cognitively engaging technologies that geographically dispersed organizations can use as a cost effective workplace collaboration tool. Using an information processing decision making perspective and building on unique characteristics of VWs, this paper proposes a nomological net for adaptive use intention (AUI) of VWs for workplace collaborations. AUI implies intention to use a technology in a setting different from the one for which it was initially designed. We study the AUI of VWs as a workplace collaboration tool which were originally conceived as recreational gaming platforms. Decisionmaking literature directs us to reduction of perceived cognitive burden and minimization of risk as the two key motivations for VWs' AUI. Building on these motivations, the paper identifies cognitive absorption and user trust in VWs as the mechanisms leading to individual-level AUI decision. Drawing on social cognitive theory and literature on trust, the proposed model not only re-specifies the concept of cognitive absorption in the context of VWs but also relates it to the level of trust and usage intention for VWs. We empirically tested the proposed model via data collected from 197 VW users in Singapore. Results demonstrate the significant roles that cognitive absorption' and user trust play in VW's usage as a collaboration tool. Further, through a series of posthoc analyses, we demonstrate the imperative need for considering both cognitive absorption and user trust together in the proposed research model for theoretical parsimony. We also discuss implications for research and practice emerging out of this study.


BACKGROUND: CD74 (HLA-DR-associated invariant chain) is highly expressed in multiple myeloma and other B-cell lymphomas, rapidly internalized, and a promising target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases, including conjugated drug delivery. Milatuzumab (hLL1) is a humanized MAb which recognizes CD74 and has shown efficacy in various preclinical B-lymphoma models, particularly multiple myeloma, but with rapid blood clearance seen in cynomolgus monkeys. The goal of this first clinical study of milatuzumab is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of twice-weekly dosing in multiple myeloma; to determine a maximum tolerated dose (MTD); to obtain preliminary information on efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity; and to identify acceptable doses for subsequent studies. METHODS: A multicenter study was initiated in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who had failed at least 2 standard therapies. All patients received milatuzumab intravenously twice weekly for 4 weeks, and then were evaluated for safety and efficacy over 12 weeks, with responding patients continuing long-term follow-up. To determine the MTD, patients were entered in cohorts treated at escalating doses according to a 3+3 design. Adverse events and safety laboratories were evaluated by NCI CTC v3 toxicity grades, with any Grade 3–4 toxicity considered dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Efficacy assessments used serum and urine M-protein electrophoresis and other evaluations as required for classifying responses by EBMT criteria, while pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity were evaluated by serum milatuzumab levels and human anti-milatuzumab antibody (HAHA) titers, respectively, using an ELISA assay. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (9F/9M, median age 61) have now received milatuzumab at 1.5 mg/kg (n=8), 4.0 mg/kg (n=9) or 8.0 mg/kg (n=1). They had multiple myeloma for 0.9–16.8 years (median 5.6), predominantly IgG subtype, were heavily pretreated (4.5 median prior treatments), and were either Durie-Salmon stage II (n=10) or III (n=8). One DLT (Grade 3 infusion reaction) was observed at 1.5 mg/kg. Subsequently, increased premedication as well as slow drug infusions resulted in improved tolerability (transient mild-moderate (Grade 1–2) infusion reaction), including the single patient treated at 8.0 mg/kg. At 4.0 mg/kg, one patient had a DLT with an acute hemoglobin drop to Grade 3 levels without definitive explanation. Additionally, one other patient at the 1.5-mg/kg dose had a serious event of bacterial meningitis post-treatment, which resolved. No pattern of other adverse reactions has been seen, nor effects on routine laboratories, including serum chemistries, CBC, serum immunoglobulins, B- or T-lymphocytes. Milatuzumab is rapidly cleared from serum, with little accumulation at successive infusions for patients treated at 1.5 or 4.0 mg/kg (mean peak serum levels, respectively: 13.5 and 38.0 μg/mL at 1 st infusion, 13.0 and 53.6 μg/mL at last infusion), and results pending at 8.0 mg/kg. In all post-treatment samples evaluated, HAHA results have been negative. At 1.5 mg/kg, there were no objective responses, and efficacy results are not yet available at 8.0 mg/kg, but at 4.0 mg/kg, 3 patients have had stable disease by EBMT criteria at 8+ to 12+ weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These initial results indicate that milatuzumab may be safely administered to patients with multiple myeloma. The occurrence of stable disease in several patients in encouraging, in spite of rapid clearance at twice-weekly doses of 1.5 mg/kg and 4.0 mg/kg. Accrual of the next cohort receiving doses of 8.0 mg/kg is ongoing.


Abstract This paper (Part 1) describes the principles of a novel unsupervised adaptive neural network anomaly detection technique, called componential coding, in the context of condition monitoring of electrical machines. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the technique's capabilities. The companion paper (Part 2), which follows, assesses componential coding in its application to real data recorded from a known machine and an entirely unseen machine (a conventional induction motor and a novel transverse flux motor respectively). Componential coding is particularly suited to applications in which no machine-specific tailored techniques have been developed or in which no previous monitoring experience is available. This is because componential coding is an unsupervised technique that derives the features of the data during training, and so requires neither labelling of known faults nor pre-processing to enhance known fault characteristics. Componential coding offers advantages over more familiar unsupervised data processing techniques such as principal component analysis. In addition, componential coding may be implemented in a computationally efficient manner by exploiting the periodic convolution theorem. Periodic convolution also gives the algorithm the advantage of time invariance; i.e. it will work equally well even if the input data signal is offset by arbitrary displacements in time. This means that there is no need to synchronize the input data signal with respect to reference points or to determine the absolute angular position of a rotating part.


Perceiving human faces and modeling the distinctive features of human faces that contribute most towards face recognition are some of the challenges faced by computer vision and psychophysics researchers. There are many methods have been proposed in the literature for the facial features and gender classification. However, all of them have still disadvantage such as not complete reflection about face structure, face texture. The features set is applied to three different applications: face recognition, facial expressions recognition and gender classification, which produced the reasonable results in all database. In this paper described two phases such as feature extraction phase and classification phase. The proposed system produced very promising recognition rates for our applications with same set of features and classifiers. The system is also real- time capable and automatic.


In November 2003, attorneys in Chicago, acting on research conducted by the Hospital Accountability Project, began to file class action suits on behalf of former patients against nonprofits hospitals for neglecting their duties to the community in which they operate, in particular to uninsured individuals. A Mississippi attorney took up the same crusade, filing at least 49 class action lawsuits between June and December 2004 charging approximately 370 nonprofit hospitals in 24 states with failing to provide adequate charity care. While federal judges have dismissed the majority of these cases, the issue of nonprofit hospitals providing charity care gains notoriety.Although Senator Grassley argues otherwise, imposing more stringent requirements on hospitals in order to qualify for the federal tax exemption is unlikely. Thus, some states have begun to combat this problem through the enactment of state charitable care requirement statutes in order to force hospitals to examine the amount of charity care they provide. While some states have instituted statutorily mandated charitable care requirements, Illinois has yet to implement this requirement, though there is legislation pending. Part I of this Note looks at the tax-exemption received by hospitals, both at the federal and state level. Part II looks at the charitable care requirement as enacted in Texas. While many states have discussed a charity care requirement and some have gone so far as to implement one, the Texas statute provides a good benchmark for examining the analogous proposed Illinois statute. Part III examines the Provena case and the proposed legislation in Illinois which has garnered national attention and found a place in a national debate. Part IV examines the overarching policy questions of whether a charity care requirement is good healthcare policy and whether the various benefits should be linked to specific requirements.


The effects of large eddies on turbulence structures and flux transport were studied using data collected over a flat cotton field during the Energy Balance Experiment 2000 in the San Joaquin Valley of California in August 2000. Flux convergence (FC; larger fluxes at 8.7 m than 2.7 m) and divergence (FD) in latent heat flux (LE) were observed in a disturbed, unstable atmospheric surface layer, and their magnitudes largely departed from the prediction of Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory. From our wavelet analysis, it was identified that large eddies affected turbulence structures, scalar distribution, and flux transport differently at 8.7 m and 2.7 m under the FC and FD conditions. Using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition, time series data were decomposed into large eddies and small‐scale background turbulence, the time‐domain characteristics of large eddies were examined, and the flux contribution by large eddies was also determined quantitatively. The results suggest that large eddies over the frequency range of 0.002 Hz < f < 0.02 Hz (predominantly 300–400 m) enhanced the vertical velocity spectra more significantly at 8.7 m than 2.7 m, leading to an increased magnitude of the cospectra and thus LE at 8.7 m. In the FD case, however, these large eddies were not present and even suppressed in the vertical velocity spectra at 8.7 m. Consequently, the cospectra divergence over the low‐frequency ranges primarily caused the LE divergence. This work implies that large eddies may either improve or degrade the surface energy balance closure by increasing or decreasing turbulent fluxes, respectively.


The Haitian Revolution was a powerful blow against colonialism and slavery, and as its thinkers and fighters blazed the path to universal freedom, they forced anticolonial, antislavery, and antiracist ideals into modern political grammar. The first state in the Americas to permanently abolish slavery, outlaw color prejudice, and forbid colonialism, Haitians established their nation in a hostile Atlantic World. Slavery was ubiquitous throughout the rest of the Americas and foreign nations and empires repeatedly attacked Haitian sovereignty. Yet Haitian writers and politicians successfully defended their independence while planting the ideological roots of egalitarian statehood. In Awakening the Ashes, Marlene L. Daut situates famous and lesser-known eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Haitian revolutionaries, pamphleteers, and political thinkers within the global history of ideas, showing how their systems of knowledge and interpretation took center stage in the Age of Revolutions. While modern understandings of freedom and equality are often linked to the French Declaration of the Rights of Man or the US Declaration of Independence, Daut argues that the more immediate reference should be to what she calls the 1804 Principle that no human being should ever again be colonized or enslaved, an idea promulgated by the Haitians who, against all odds, upended French empire.


A ONE-OF-A-KIND GUIDE TO THE BEST PRACTICES IN DECISION ANALYSIS

 Decision analysis provides powerful tools for addressing complex decisions that involve uncertainty and multiple objectives, yet most training materials on the subject overlook the soft skills that are essential for success in the field. This unique resource fills this gap in the decision analysis literature and features both soft personal/interpersonal skills and the hard technical skills involving mathematics and modeling.

 Readers will learn how to identify and overcome the numerous challenges of decision making, choose the appropriate decision process, lead and manage teams, and create value for their organization. Performing modeling analysis, assessing risk, and implementing decisions are also addressed throughout. Additional features include:

 Key insights gleaned from decision analysis applications and behavioral decision analysis research

 Integrated coverage of the techniques of single- and multiple-objective decision analysis

 Multiple qualitative and quantitative techniques presented for each key decision analysis task

 Three substantive real-world case studies illustrating diverse strategies for dealing with the challenges of decision making

 Extensive references for mathematical proofs and advanced topics

 The Handbook of Decision Analysis is an essential reference for academics and practitioners in various fields including business, operations research, engineering, and science. The book also serves as a supplement for courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels.


LOGOS AND LEADERSHIP: HOW INERRANCY IMPACTS A PASTOR'S AUTHORITY Michael Todd Rader, D.Min. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2017 Faculty Supervisor: Dr. Hershael W. York This thesis examines the connection of biblical inerrancy to pastoral leadership. Chapter 1 touches on various challenges to pastoral confidence and examines the literature on subjects such as inerrancy, preaching, and pastoral ministries. A literary void detailing the impact of inerrancy on pastoral leadership exists. The doctrine of inerrancy emboldens the pastor to lead with authority in the local church. Chapter 2 examines the connection of God's Word to spiritual leadership in both the Old and New Testaments. The call to lead God's people is always tethered to his revealed Word. Today's pastors should, therefore, have a settled conviction regarding the trustworthiness of Scripture. A brief definition and defense of inerrancy is given. Chapter 3 looks at the impact of inerrancy on the preaching ministry. Inerrancy affects one's definition, theology, and methodology of preaching. Inerrancy emboldens the pastor to preach God's Word with authority. Chapter 4 details inerrancy's effect on pastoral ministries such as counseling, church discipline, and comforting. The Bible provides a trustworthy and authoritative guide for dealing with these personal matters in the church. The doctrine of inerrancy emboldens the pastor to perform such pastoral ministries. Chapter 5 examines how pastors holding to inerrancy impact the church in general. Churches would be healthier and more appealing to the unchurched if pastors would lead under the umbrella of inerrancy. Doctrinal beliefs have practical effects.


For the Stratford Festival of Canada, the years 1994 to 2007 were largely defined by the figure of artistic director Richard Monette, whose ambitious seasons performed spectacularly at the box office but whose populist showmanship stirred debates about the aesthetic appropriate for a classical theater company. This article assesses Monette's artistic directorship and considers the future of what the new leadership has rebranded the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. It modifies the view that Monette was a populist who privileged the box office over artistic integrity, stressing instead the aesthetic diversity of Monette's Festival. It examines, too, how Monette responded to criticism by increasing the diversity of his casting and programming. The article further explores the intentions and the spectacular disintegration of the three-person directorate appointed to replace Monette and it considers the early decisions of the sole remaining artistic director, Des McAnuff. While the demise of the group leadership model reduces the likelihood of truly radical change, the article suggests that McAnuff will nonetheless make a difference, especially in pursuing more dynamic approaches to directing Shakespeare and structural changes to the revolutionary Festival Stage. The article argues that even as Stratford moves forward, Monette's tenure remains a major context for understanding the fraught transition that followed him and the ongoing changes that seek to redefine the Festival as a state-of-the-art theater for the twenty-first century.


This essay is the first to analyze the possibility of ongoing litigation around bail reform to resurface 14th amendment jurisprudence regarding the status of the poor. Fifty years after Professor Caleb Foote predicted the coming constitutional crisis arising from the injustices generated by our financially based system of pretrial release—money bail—the underlying constitutional issues may soon finally reach the highest court in the land. As recent scholarship demonstrates, however, current Supreme Court jurisprudence may not look favorably at those petitioners who wish to expand Fourteenth Amendment protections to the indigent. Worse yet, precisely as these issues are resurfacing, the court is likely on the heels of a significant movement toward the right—producing a court ideologically inclined to be deaf to increasingly audible concerns in support of the poor.
In this essay, first, I contextualize the current bail system, drawing on criminal justice and social science research, to reveal a dim picture of the inequities it produces. I then overview the growing movement for bail reform, focusing on the recent package of lawsuits brought by Equal Justice Under Law in states across the country. Then I assess the constitutional analysis marshaled by these lawsuits, supplementing their claims with my own additional synthesis of evolving jurisprudence, and evaluating their likelihood of success. I argue that given existing jurisprudence, petitioners will have to seek heightened judicial scrutiny in order to push the Court to render the bail system unconstitutional. To attain the Court's heightened scrutiny, petitioners will have to compel the Court to address wealth as the grounds for suspect class determination. Finally, I extend my analysis to the potential positions that a new and more conservative court under President Trump may take regarding the Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence analyzed in the prior section.


Accurate detection of unprescribed drug use by addicts in treatment may facilitate their rehabilitation. Many clinics collect urine samples at random, using fixed-interval collection schedules, which are not free from sampling error. Random-interval schedules minimize sampling error and consequently increase detectability of drug use by eliminating safe periods during which drug use cannot be detected. We compared these two methods by observing rates of detected opiate- and quinine-positive samples preceding and following implementation of random-interval schedules. Detected drug use doubled initially. As detection and clinical sanctions became more certain, drug use declined to well below its former level. Programs that use fixed-interval schedules may underdetect drug use by more than 50%. If patients can reliably predict safe periods, the possibility of using drugs without fear of detection may impede their rehabilitation.


Central banks incorporate various security features in their banknotes to enable the general public, retailers, professional cash handlers and central banks to detect counterfeits. In this study we conducted two field experiments to test the extent to which euro banknotes can be authenticated as a function of exposure time and perceptual modality. In addition we investigated if these effects are moderated by expertise. In both experiments, the counterfeit banknotes were actual counterfeits taken out of circulation. Experiment 1 showed that the public (i.e., non-experts) is only to a limited extent able to visually distinguish between genuine and counterfeit banknotes. Importantly, while being impacted by expertise, overall performance was not significantly affected by exposure time. Experiment 2 gauged haptic perception in addition to vision, taking into account the fact that in regular cash transactions, people might see only one side of the banknote, but will always feel both sides. Experiment 2 showed that a combination of sight and touch produced much better performance than touch alone. Unlike Experiment 1, exposure duration resulted in better performance in Experiment 2. The data of Experiment 1 and 2 indicate that banknote authentication is best when one can employ multiple sensory modalities. Moreover, as such, non-experts exhibit a very decent performance even with a one second exposure duration. Experts do an even better job. When being allowed to use only one perceptual modality, performance was equal for respectively haptic and visual perception when exposure time was long. In the short time condition it was more helpful to see than to feel. Our results are also inconsistent with the often expressed notion that people can instantly feel whether a banknote is fake or genuine. On the contrary, we found that exposure duration is important when participants could hold a banknote in their hands, with performance improving upon a longer exposure duration. The best performance in banknote authentication is realized by a combination of vision, feel and a few seconds. The study proposes a dual processing model for banknote authentication. As long as people have trust in the cash system, the situation in which the transaction takes place and the banknote itself, they authenticate quickly, effortless and automatically (Type 1 processing). If not, this mode will be overridden by Type 2 processing, and people will explicitly and deliberately authenticate banknotes. In this study, as they were asked to authenticate, the participants processed according to Type 2. Even though in everyday life people hardly ever deliberately check whether a banknote is counterfeit or not, the findings indicate that they are quite capable of doing this. The current findings suggest that when developing new series central banks should continue to address both senses. The good results for combined look and feel also suggest that in the development and evaluation of security features, future investigations should mimic real-life interactions rather than mere visual presentation on a computer screen. Lastly, the results of the study are consistent with the statement of the Eurosystem that it only takes a few seconds to authenticate a banknote.


This dissertation focuses on the implementation of a new learning program within a large technology firm utilizing adult education theory. Existing learning approaches have been very traditional within the organisation and focus on delivering material rather than meeting the needs of the learner. The academic research puts the emphasis on basing the learning on the requirements of the learner however examples of implementations are limited.

The research took the form of an action research structure through the implementation of the program, followed by 5 qualitative interviews to analyse the impact of the program. The program was aimed at a trans-regional technical account management within the organisation and the interviews were carried out with 5 technical account managers who had been through the new program.

The research found that the more the learning program related the learning activities to the role of the learner, the more the learners engaged with the program and were happy with the program. It also found that some learners still like to use traditional learning methods, but preferred when they were blended with the new learning methods.

It was also found that the assessment style was very important to the success of the program. By making the assessment a tool to aid in the learning and basing it in a job related scenario, the learner felt more at ease during the evaluation and reduced the fear associated with failure.


Purpose

Cannabis treatment entries rose significantly from 2004/2005 to 2013/2014, but there has been limited investigation into why this increase has occurred. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the plausibility of different explanations within the English context and identifies gaps in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Explanations have been categorised under: misreporting, increased probability of entering treatment and increased incidence of cannabis use disorder (CUD). The explanations are evaluated through published literature, data in the public domain and interview data. Interview participants included four practitioners, one senior manager, one commissioner, one journalist, one academic and one clinician.

Findings

Plausible and influential explanations are that an expanding treatment offer occurred alongside an expanding cohort of people needing support for CUD. The evidence suggests increased prevalence in the 1990s to early 2000s, and an increase in high-potency cannabis, led to a significant rise in need for cannabis treatment. Minor explanations relating to funding formulas, criminal justice referrals and the emergence of synthetic cannabinoids could also cumulatively have a substantial effect on the data.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the dearth of research in use and attitudes towards cannabis, there are some explanations which cannot be ruled out.

Practical implications

More research is needed on user perceptions of cannabis harms and how intensively people are using cannabis.

Social implications

Wider implications are that a genuine and increasing need for support relating to cannabis within the English population requires an appropriate response from national bodies, commissioners and service providers.

Originality/value

A more comprehensive understanding of why this new cohort is emerging can inform better service provision and commissioning.


Abstract The homosexual behavior of male inmates has been extensively studied; however, similar behaviors by female inmates, other than descriptions of the role of masculinity in prison settings, has been virtually ignored. Observations suggest that the incidence of both lesbianism and unusual masculinity among females may be higher in prisons and jails than in the general population. This study surveyed both heterosexual and homosexual female detainees to determine whether lesbian inmates, particularly those with a masculinized appearance, are more prone to violent or antisocial behavior, than heterosexual females without masculine features and, if so, whether this relationship is a function of biological conditions or sociological influences. Results indicated that lesbian detainees had more masculine traits, more feelings of hostility and anger, and experienced more physical child abuse than did heterosexual detainees. Although they did not report significantly more violent crimes, they were more often detained for longer periods of time. And while self-reported symptoms of Attention Deficit and Conduct Disorders were more prevalent in lesbian detainees, other conditions of biologic origin were not related to sexual preference. These findings suggest that lesbian detainees are treated more harshly by the criminal justice system and that further research is needed to sort out the various biological and social contributors to behavioral and attitudinal differences.


CONTEXT
Public health departments and academic institutions engage in a range of cooperative activities that can greatly benefit a public health department and can often be mutually beneficial. Yet, little is known regarding practitioners' views of successful academic collaborations.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to explore predictors and correlates of beneficial academic collaboration from the perspective of those on the front lines--the practitioners constituting the public health workforce.

DESIGN
Analysis of the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), a cross-sectional survey of state health department practitioners, conducted in 2014.

PARTICIPANTS
PH WINS is a nationally representative survey of state health department practitioners. Data were available for a total of 8718 respondents in 37 states.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Two main outcome measures were used--(a) whether a respondent reported collaborating with an academic entity (including faculty/staff/students) in the past year, and (b) when collaboration did occur, the success of the collaboration insofar as the respondent perceived the engagement as very helpful.

RESULTS
Health department practitioners (27.2%) reported participating in an academic-practice collaboration. Factors associated with partnering included respondents' supervisory status, positional duties, and public health background. Of these respondents, 46.6% reported a successful collaboration. Factors associated with a successful collaboration included respondents' self-reported job skills and public health background.

CONCLUSION
While characteristics related to a public health practitioner's position are most significant in predicting whether a collaboration will occur, characteristics of the individual him- or herself are more relevant in predicting whether a collaboration will be successful. Public health managers interested in fostering an environment that promotes a successful academic-practice collaboration may benefit from ensuring that the public health practitioners involved in such collaborations are themselves trained in public health.


The Hicksian definition of complementarity and substitutability may not apply in contexts in which agents are not utility maximisers or where price or income variations, whether implicit or explicit, are not available. We look for tools to identify complementarity and substitutability satisfying the following criteria: they are behavioural (based only on observable choice data); model-free (valid whether the agent is rational or not); and they do not rely on price or income variation. We uncover a conflict between properties that it is arguably reasonable for a complementarity notion to possess. We discuss three different possible resolutions of the conflict. J


Abstract. Understanding the spatial distribution of extreme precipitations is of major interest in order to improve our knowledge of the climate of a region and its relationship with society. These analyses inevitably require the use of directly observed values to account for the actual extreme amounts rather than analyzed gridded values. A study of daily rainfall extremes observed over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands is performed by using records from 8135 rain gauge stations from the Spanish Weather Agency (AEMET). Results show that the heaviest daily precipitations have been observed mainly on the coastal Mediterranean zone from Gibraltar to the Pyrenees. In particular, a record value of 817 mm was recorded in the Valencia region in 1987. The current map of daily records in Spain, which updates the pioneering work of the Spanish meteorologist Font, shows similar distribution of extreme events but with notably higher amounts. Generalized extreme values distributions fit the Mediterranean and Atlantic rain gauge measurements and shows the different characteristics of the extreme daily precipitations in both regions. We identify the most extreme events (above 500 mm per day) and provide a brief description of a typical meteorological situation in which these damaging events occur. An analysis of the low-level circulation patterns producing such extremes – by means of simple indices such as NAO, WeMOi and IBEI – confirms the relevance of local flows in the generation of either Mediterranean or Atlantic episodes. WeMOi, and even more IBEI, are good discriminants of the region affected by the record precipitation event.


Scala is a new and exciting programming language that is a hybrid between object oriented languages such as Java and functional languages such as Haskell. As such it has its own programming idioms and development styles. Scala Design Patterns looks at how code reuse can be successfully achieved in Scala. A major aspect of this is the reinterpretation of the original Gang of Four design patterns in terms of Scala and its language structures (that is the use of Traits, Classes, Objects and Functions). It includes an exploration of functional design patterns and considers how these can be interpreted in Scala's uniquely hybrid style. A key aspect of the book is the many code examples that accompany each design pattern, allowing the reader to understand not just the design pattern but also to explore powerful and flexible Scala language features. Including numerous source code examples, this book will be of value to professionals and practitioners working in the field of software engineering.


Romy Sanchez, Cuban Diasporas Across Time: Dialogue and Divergence Wed, May 23, 10:45am to 12:15pm, TBA Session Submission Type: Panel Abstract For more than 200 years, Cubans outside the island have been integral products of and active participants in Cuban history. Typically, however, studies of Cuban diasporic communities are delimited by geography (Miami, Spain) or chronology (colony, republic, revolution). Bringing together an interdisciplinary group of scholars studying Cuban diasporas in the colonial, revolutionary, and post-socialist eras, and across various locales, this panel seeks to foster a wider conversation about the role of diaspora in Cuban history and culture over time. What have all Cuban diasporas shared in common? In what ways has their role in Cuban life changed? Panelists share a particular interest in the material and nonmaterial (i.e. digital) flows of goods, objects, resources, and ideas that serve to link island and diaspora together across time, albeit under fraught terms. https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/lasa/lasa18/index.php?cmd=Online+Program+View+Session&selected_session_id=1332453&PHPSESSID=mk7af6gv9um642cs0bml5gaa80 LASA 2018 / Latin American Studies in a Globalized World Barcelona, Spain, May 23-26, 2018 Latin American studies today is experiencing a surprising dynamism. The expansion of this field defies the pessimistic projections of the 1990s about the fate of area studies in general and offers new opportunities for collaboration among scholars, practitioners, artists, and activists around the world. This can be seen in the expansion of LASA itself, which since the beginning of this century has grown from 5,000 members living primarily in the United States to nearly 12,000 members in 2016, 45 percent of whom reside outside of the United States (36 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean). And while the majority of us reside in the Americas, there are also an increasing number of Latin American studies associations and programs in Europe and Asia, most of which have their own publications and annual seminars and congresses. Several factors explain this dynamism. Perhaps the most important is the very maturity of our field. Various generations of Latin Americanists have produced an enormous, diverse, and sophisticated body of research, with a strong commitment to interdisciplinarity and to teaching about this important part of the world. Latin American studies has produced concepts and comparative knowledge that have helped people around the world to understand processes and problematics that go well beyond this region. For example, Latin Americanists have been at the forefront of debates about the difficult relationship between democracy, development, and dependence on natural resource exports—challenges faced around the globe. Migration, immigration, and the displacement of people due to political violence, war, and economic need are also deeply rooted phenomena in our region, and pioneering work from Latin America can shed light on comparable experiences in other regions today. Needless to say, Latin American studies also has much to contribute to discussions about populism and authoritarianism in their various forms in Europe and even the United States today. With these contributions in mind, we propose that the overarching theme of the Barcelona LASA Congress be "Latin American Studies in a Globalized World", and that we examine both how people in other regions study and perceive Latin America and how Latin American studies contributes to the understanding of comparable processes and issues around the globe. To consult the program : https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/lasa/lasa18/


Network data appears in various domains, including social, communication, and information sciences. Analysis of such data is crucial for making inferences and predictions about these networks, and moreover, for understanding the different processes that drive their evolution. However, a major bottleneck to perform such an analysis is the massive size of real-life networks, which makes modeling and analyzing these networks simply infeasible. Further, many networks, specifically those that belong to social and communication domains, are not visible to the public due to privacy concerns, and other networks, such as the Web, are only accessible via crawling. Therefore, to overcome the above challenges, researchers use network sampling overwhelmingly as a key statistical approach to select a sub-population of interest that can be studied thoroughly. In this tutorial, we aim to cover a diverse collection of methodologies and applications of network sampling. We will begin with a discussion of the problem setting in terms of objectives (such as, sampling a representative subgraph, sampling graphlets, etc.), population of interest (vertices, edges, motifs), and sampling methodologies (such as Metropolis-Hastings, random walk, and snowball sampling). We will then present a number of applications of these methods, and will outline both the resulting opportunities and possible biases of different methods in each application.


These twenty tales have been drawn from famous legends concerning the former lives of the Buddha. Beloved by children and adults alike, they tell of people and animals moved to acts of sacrifice by the noble example of their fellow creatures. The flavor is often suggestive of Aesop, as are the lessons that are so subtly and keenly conveyed.Presented in a simplified narrative, the tales maintain the magical and timeless beauty of their Far Eastern origins. The stories are ideal for reading to children, as they tell of highly dramatic adventures that are resolved by non-violent and compassionate means. Challenging circumstances bring forth courage and the capacity to love, opening the way to solutions against seemingly impossible odds.This book will also be coveted for its exquisite illustrations by the well-known illustrator H. Willebeek Le Mair.


QUESTION: Land‐use change and intensification are currently the most pervasive threats to tropical biodiversity. Yet, their effects on biodiversity change with elevation are unknown. Here, we examine how tree diversity and community composition vary with elevation and how the effects of forest use intensity on tree diversity and community composition change within elevations. LOCATION: Eastern slopes of the Cofre de Perote mountain, state of Veracruz, Mexico. METHODS: We assessed tree diversity and composition using a sampling design in which elevation was crossed with three levels of forest use intensity: old‐growth, degraded, and secondary forests. We established 120 20 m × 20 m forest plots, located at eight sites between 0 m and 3,545 m. At each site, five replicate plots were inventoried for each level of forest use intensity. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed an interactive effect between elevation and forest use intensity affecting tree diversity and community composition along the elevational gradient. Contrasting effects of forest use intensity within elevation resulted in tree diversity following a low‐plateau pattern for old‐growth and a bimodal pattern for degraded and secondary forests. Along the entire elevational gradient, there were 217 tree species distributed within 154 genera and 80 families. Species accumulation curves revealed that forests at 0 m and 1,500 m elevation showed differences in species richness among forest use intensities. In contrast, species richness did not differ between old‐growth forest and the other forest use intensities in five of the eight studied elevations. In terms of community composition, secondary forests differed from old‐growth and degraded forests. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the interactive effects of elevation and forest use intensity change tree diversity patterns and community composition along a tropical elevational gradient. Degraded forests were similar to old‐growth forests in terms of species diversity and composition, suggesting that they may act as a safeguard of tree diversity in human‐dominated tropical landscapes.


Open field line region plays the key role for steady state operation of the Large Helical Device (LHD) and greatly contributes to the high-performance plasma confinement in the LHD. Chaotic field line region, produced by high magnetic shear and nonaxisymmetry of the magnetic field, is present in open field line re gion outside the last closed flux surface (LCFS) of the LHD. The chaotic field line layer can sustain ambient plasma due to the long connection length of lines of force, presence of the embedded magnetic islands and mirror confinement effect of helical ripple nature of the magnetic field. This ambient plasma plays a role of an impregnable barrier for the core plasma, which suppresses both the MHD instabilities and the cooling of the core plasma due to charge exchange processes. Slow and small periodic sweeping of magnetic axis po sition can control the deconcentration of divertor heat flux in the LHD.


[%metadata%] Origins of a Scandal News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


We argue that explanationist views in epistemology continue to face persistent challenges to both their necessity and their sufficiency. This is so despite arguments offered by Kevin McCain in a paper recently published in this journal which attempt to show otherwise. We highlight ways in which McCain's attempted solutions to problems we had previously raised go awry, while also presenting a novel challenge for all contemporary explanationist views.


We have cloned, sequenced and annotated segments of DNA spanning the mouse, chicken and pufferfish alpha globin gene clusters and compared them with the corresponding region in man. This has defined a small segment ( approximately 135-155 kb) of synteny and conserved gene order, which may contain all of the elements required to fully regulate alpha globin gene expression from its natural chromosomal environment. Comparing human and mouse sequences using previously described methods failed to identify the known regulatory elements. However, refining these methods by ranking identity scores of non-coding sequences, we found conserved sequences including the previously characterized alpha globin major regulatory element. In chicken and pufferfish, regions that may correspond to this element were found by analysing the distribution of transcription factor binding sites. Regions identified in this way act as strong enhancer elements in expression assays. In addition to delimiting the alpha globin chromosomal domain, this study has enabled us to develop a more sensitive and accurate routine for identifying regulatory elements in the human genome.


Background As of June 1, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 6,000,000 infected persons and 360,000 deaths globally. Previous studies revealed pregnant women with COVID-19 had similar clinical manifestations to nonpregnant women. However, little is known about the outcome of neonates born to infected women. Methods and findings In this retrospective study, we studied 29 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection delivered in 2 designated general hospitals in Wuhan, China between January 30 and March 10, 2020, and 30 neonates (1 set of twins). Maternal demographic characteristics, delivery course, symptoms, and laboratory tests from hospital records were extracted. Neonates were hospitalized if they had symptoms (5 cases) or their guardians agreed to a hospitalized quarantine (13 cases), whereas symptom-free neonates also could be discharged after birth and followed up through telephone (12 cases). For hospitalized neonates, laboratory test results and chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) were extracted from hospital records. The presence of antibody of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in the serum of 4 neonates. Among 29 pregnant COVID-19-infected women (13 confirmed and 16 clinical diagnosed), the majority had higher education (56.6%), half were employed (51.7%), and their mean age was 29 years. Fourteen women experienced mild symptoms including fever (8), cough (9), shortness of breath (3), diarrhea (2), vomiting (1), and 15 were symptom-free. Eleven of 29 women had pregnancy complications, and 27 elected to have a cesarean section delivery. Of 30 neonates, 18 were admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital for quarantine and care, whereas the other 12 neonates discharged after birth without any symptoms and had normal follow-up. Five hospitalized neonates were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection (2 confirmed and 3 suspected). In addition, 12 of 13 other hospitalized neonates presented with radiological features for pneumonia through X-ray or CT screening, 1 with occasional cough and the others without associated symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 specific serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in 4 neonates and 2 were positive. The limited sample size limited statistical comparison between groups. Conclusions In this study, we observed COVID-19 or radiological features of pneumonia in some, but not all, neonates born to women with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that intrauterine or intrapartum transmission is possible and warrants clinical caution and further investigation. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031954 (Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter retrospective cohort study).


By the mid-seventeenth century, radical protestant tolerationists in Britain and the British Atlantic began to conceive of religious liberty as a civil liberty applicable to all subjects, in contrast to contemporary puritans who limited toleration to orthodox protestants. This essay seeks to explain why certain puritans, however small in number, came to adopt radical views on toleration in contrast to the religious mainstream in the Anglophone world. Drawing upon a longer history of ecclesiastical independence than considered in the existing scholarship on religious toleration, it identifies a hitherto unexplored relationship between ecclesiastical independence in England and the Atlantic World.


Since the seminal work of Boneh et al., the threat of fault attacks has been widely known and techniques for fault attacks and countermeasures have been studied extensively. The vast majority of the literature on fault attacks focuses on the ability of fault attacks to change an intermediate value to a faulty one, such as differential fault analysis (DFA), collision fault analysis, statistical fault attack (SFA), fault sensitivity analysis, or differential fault intensity analysis (DFIA). The other aspect of faults—that faults can be induced and do not change a value—has been researched far less. In case of symmetric ciphers, ineffective fault attacks (IFA) exploit this aspect. However, IFA relies on the ability of an attacker to reliably induce reproducible deterministic faults like stuck-at faults on parts of small values (e.g., one bit or byte), which is often considered to be impracticable.As a consequence, most countermeasures against fault attacks do not focus on such attacks, but on attacks exploiting changes of intermediate values and usually try to detect such a change (detection-based), or to destroy the exploitable information if a fault happens (infective countermeasures). Such countermeasures implicitly assume that the release of "fault-free" ciphertexts in the presence of a fault-inducing attacker does not reveal any exploitable information. In this work, we show that this assumption is not valid and we present novel fault attacks that work in the presence of detection-based and infective countermeasures. The attacks exploit the fact that intermediate values leading to "fault-free" ciphertexts show a non-uniform distribution, while they should be distributed uniformly. The presented attacks are entirely practical and are demonstrated to work for software implementations of AES and for a hardware co-processor. These practical attacks rely on fault induction by means of clock glitches and hence, are achieved using only low-cost equipment. This is feasible because our attack is very robust under noisy fault induction attempts and does not require the attacker to model or profile the exact fault effect. We target two types of countermeasures as examples: simple time redundancy with comparison and several infective countermeasures. However, our attacks can be applied to a wider range of countermeasures and are not restricted to these two countermeasures.


Abstract. Two interglacial epochs are included in the suite of paleoclimate simulations in the present phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Equilibrium simulations of the mid-Holocene (midHolocene, 6000 years before present) and the Last Interglacial (lig127k, 127,000 years before present) are designed to examine the impact of changes in orbital forcing at times when atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were similar to those of the preindustrial period and the continental configurations were almost identical to modern. These simulations test our understanding of the interplay between radiative forcing and atmospheric circulation, and the connections among large-scale and regional climate changes giving rise to phenomena such as land-sea contrast and high-latitude amplification in temperature changes, and responses of the monsoons, as compared to today. They also provide an opportunity, through carefully designed additional sensitivity experiments as part of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), to quantify the strength of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land-surface feedbacks. Sensitivity experiments are proposed to investigate the role of freshwater forcing in triggering abrupt climate changes within interglacial epochs. These feedback experiments naturally lead to a focus on climate evolution during interglacial periods, which will be examined through transient experiments. Analyses of the sensitivity simulations will also focus on interactions between extratropical and tropical circulation, and the relationship between changes in mean climate state and climate variability on annual to multi-decadal timescales. The comparative abundance of paleoenvironmental data and of quantitative climate reconstructions for the Holocene and Last Interglacial make these two epochs ideal candidates for systematic evaluation of model performance, and such comparisons will shed new light on the importance of external feedbacks (e.g., vegetation, dust) and the ability of state-of-the-art models to simulate climate changes realistically.


Proposed here is a new framework for the analysis of
complex systems as a non-explicitly programmed mathematical hierarchy of
subsystems using only the fundamental principle of causality, the mathematics
of groupoid symmetries, and a basic causal metric needed to support measurement
in Physics. The complex system is described as a discrete set S of state variables. Causality is
described by an acyclic partial order w on S, and is considered as a
constraint on the set of allowed state transitions. Causal set (S, w)
is the mathematical model of the system. The dynamics it describes is
uncertain. Consequently, we focus on invariants, particularly group-theoretical
block systems. The symmetry of S by
itself is characterized by its symmetric group, which generates a trivial block
system over S. The constraint of
causality breaks this symmetry and degrades it to that of a groupoid, which may
yield a non-trivial block system on S.
In addition, partial order w determines a partial order for the blocks, and the set of blocks becomes a
causal set with its own, smaller block system. Recursion yields a multilevel
hierarchy of invariant blocks over S with the properties of a scale-free mathematical fractal. This is the invariant
being sought. The finding hints at a deep connection between the principle of
causality and a class of poorly understood phenomena characterized by the
formation of hierarchies of patterns, such as emergence, selforganization, adaptation, intelligence, and semantics.
The theory and a thought experiment are discussed and previous evidence is
referenced. Several predictions in the human brain are confirmed with wide
experimental bases. Applications are anticipated in many disciplines, including
Biology, Neuroscience, Computation, Artificial Intelligence, and areas of
Engineering such as system autonomy, robotics, systems integration, and image
and voice recognition.


Background/Context The institutionalization of in loco parentis in the wake of Gott v. Berea College (1913) marked a major turning point in the evolution of student management theory and practice. Focusing on the crucial decade of the 1920s, when American higher education first became a mass enterprise, this study explores the interaction of ideas and institutions by retracing the constitutive relationship between in loco parentis and the development of student services and programs targeted to keeping students in school. Purpose/Objective Scholars have tended to think of in loco parentis as primarily a tool of social control used to discipline misbehaving students. This study offers a different interpretation by taking seriously the doctrine's basic terms—namely, administrators' and faculties' role as "parents" and students' role as "children"—and by highlighting the enduring institutional transformations created in the 1920s to help reduce student attrition. Research Design This study offers a historical analysis of the changing meanings and widening jurisdiction of in loco parentis during the 1920s. Conclusions/Recommendations This study finds that changes in the legal definition of in loco parentis following Gott v. Berea College (1913) triggered a revolution in student services that helped lay the foundation for the creation of the modern undergraduate experience and for the education of the whole student.


Statement of the Problem: Children are constantly stimulated in different developmental areas through playing games with other children or adults. Play can provide a context wherein children achieve deep learning through the integration of intellectual, physical, moral, and spiritual values and commit themselves to learning, developing, and growing. While playing games, children learn a wide range of social skills. In addition to being contexts in which most learning related to children's lives occurs, games also provide children with contexts to learn about their own cultures and cultural values. Whereas values may show cultural differences, they can also be shared universally. Examining the role of children's games played in Turkey is significant in teaching universal values (achievement, benevolence, conformity, hedonism, power, security, self–direction, stimulation, tradition, and universalism). Purpose of the Study: This study was designed to determine the roles of traditional children's games played in Turkey in teaching ten universal values. Method: This study was designed as a qualitative study based on content analysis using a deductive analysis method. Pre-defined categories were identified, and these categories were identified in the texts describing the games. The present study's evaluation includes 421 games found among the traditional games played in Turkey and analysed in previous scientific studies. Findings: The analysis revealed that all games included the value of Hedonism. Almost all games emphasized achievement as well in the form of achieving pre-defined competitive tasks masterly before rival(s) could  achieve them. In third place, the value of power was emphasized in the games, and this value always occurred along with achievement. According to the analysis, power was related to the winner's earning the right to seize the belongings of others or impose a sanction to the loser(s) after success in the game. The remaining seven values (benevolence, conformity, security, self-direction, stimulation, tradition and universalism) were almost never emphasized in the games. Conclusion and Recommendations: Traditional children's games at present seem to be a missed opportunity in terms of values education. Games that encourage children to acquire more positive values should be designed. Keywords: Turkey, tradition, children's games, universal values, values education, content analysis


Laminar optical tomography (LOT) is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo (MC) methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC (pMC) for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression (TT&TVR) based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest (ROI) is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X-Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 \times 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.


This dissertation examines how turbidity currents interact with submarine channels. Turbidity currents display exaggerated super-elevation at the outer banks of channel bends, because they have low excess densities relative to the ambient sea-water. Low-velocity zones form where flows separate from the inner banks. In a high-resolution seismic volume, I mapped 226 inclined surfaces associated with bank-attached bars in 16 channel bends of 2 buried sinuous channels. Position and geometries of bars indicate construction from suspended sediment in flow separation zones. Concave-bank benches, first identified in rivers where they are built from fully-suspended sediment deposited within flow separation zones in channel bends, comprise approximately 19% of this dataset. Bars have high median slopes (10°-11°) and occupy less than 30% of channel width. Associated channels migrated a median distance of less than 70% of the channel width and incised 20-30% of the channel depth. These bars are therefore interpreted to have formed during sediment bypass or weak erosion. I have analyzed the sedimentology and stratigraphy of a well-exposed channel complex, in the Permian Brushy Canyon Formation, west Texas. A steeply-inclined set of fine-grained sandstone beds (median dip=10°) at the margin of the channel complex is interpreted as deposits of a bank-attached bar. Beds are characterized by sub- to super-critically climbing ripple-lamination, planar stratification and trough cross-stratification. Paleo-transport directions are at high angles, 20-120°, to the dip azimuths of interpreted bar surfaces. Geometries of bounding surfaces, sedimentation styles and grain-size data were used to construct a facies model for suspension-dominated, bank-attached bars, built within flow-separation zones in submarine channels. I designed physical experiments to examine how erosional turbidity currents evolve channel- bend topography. Time-lapse bathymetry maps capture the evolution of raised benches tied to sedimentation within flow separation zones and erosion outside of separation zones. Erosional currents showed sensitivity to local conditions. The pattern of erosion was connected to roughness elements such as bend curvature and scours on the bed. Turbidity current run-up at the outside of bends produced a greater aerial extent of side-wall erosion than is commonly seen in incisional rivers.


In hardware/software codesign, Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been in use for decades to verify and validate the functionality of Electronic System Level (ESL) models. Since the parallel computing platforms are readily available today, many Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches are proposed to improve the simulation performance. However, as the thread parallelism increases in ESL designs and core count multiplies on multi-core and many-core platforms, thread-to-core mapping becomes critical in PDES.In this dissertation, we propose a computation- and communication-aware approach to optimize thread mapping for parallel ESL simulation, with the aims of load balancing and communication minimization. As we identify that the order of dispatching parallel threads has a significant influence on the total simulation time, and Longest Job First (LJF) shows better performance than the Linux default thread dispatch policy, we first propose a segment-aware LJF scheduler for PDES. Our segment-aware scheduler can accurately predict the run time of the thread segments ahead, and thus make better dispatching decisions. Next, we define the concept of core distance for multi-core and many-core architectures, which quantifies core-to-core communication latency and characterizes processor hierarchies. For many-core architectures using directory-based cache coherence protocols, we observe that core-to-core transfers are not always significantly faster than main memory accesses, and the core-to-core communication latency depends not only on the physical placement on the chip, but also on the location of the distributed cache tag directory. Thus, using a ping-pong memory benchmark, we quantify the core distance on a ring-network many-core platform and propose an algorithm to optimize thread-to-core mapping in order to minimize on-chip communication overhead. Altogether, based on a static analysis of communication patterns and core distance and a dynamic profiling of computation load, our proposed framework utilizes a heuristic graph partitioning algorithm and automatically generates an optimized thread mapping, which minimizes inter-chip communication overhead. In our systematic evaluation, our approach consistently shows a significant performance gain on top of the order-of-magnitude speedup of PDES.The contributions of this dissertation include a segment-aware multi-core scheduler, core distance profiling, a communication-aware thread mapping framework, together with an open-source software package for Out-of-Order PDES.


Analysis is made of the flow field produced by oblique impingement of weak plane disturbances of arbitrary profile on a plane normal shock. Three types of disturbance are considered: (a) sound wave propagating in the gas at rest into which the shock moves; (b) sound wave overtaking the shock from behind,(The sound wave reflects as a sound wave, and a stationary vorticity wave is produced); (c) an incompressible vorticity wave stationary in the gas ahead of the shock. The incident wave refracts as a stationary vorticity wave, and either a sound wave or attenuating pressure wave is also produced. Computations are presented for the first two types of incident wave, over the range of incidence angles, for shock Mach numbers of 1, 1.5, and infinity.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and metastatic carcinoma with different molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. In this work, we aimed to establish a novel gene signature that could predict the prognosis of NPC patients. A total of 13 significant genes between the recurrence/metastasis (RM) group and the no recurrence/metastasis (no-RM) group were identified by machine learning from RNA-Seq data including 60 NPC tumor biopsies. Based on these genes, a 4-mRNA signature (considering U2AF1L5, TMEM265, GLB1L and MLF1) was identified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analyses indicated that this signature had good prognostic value for NPC. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients in the high-risk group were significantly shorter than those of the patients in the low-risk group (p = 0.00126 and p = 0.000059, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of the 4-mRNA signature were higher than those of T stage and N stage for OS (0.893 vs 0.619 and 0.582, respectively) and PFS (0.86 vs 0.538 and 0.622, respectively). Furthermore, the 4-mRNA signature was closely associated with cell proliferation and the immune response. The expression of GLB1L and TMEM265 was associated with the level of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (r > 0.4, p < 0.05). We have validated the model through measuring the expression levels of the 4-mRNA signature by qRT-PCR, in an independent cohort of NPC patients. Here, we report a novel gene signature that can serve as a new tool for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients.