This paper examines the links between the labor market outcomes of individuals who are related by blood or by marriage using panel data on pairs of matched family members from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience. We examine the intergenerational and sibling correlations among a broad set of labor market variables using time average, method of moments and regression techniques designed to reduce the biases introduced by transitory and measurement errors. We also show that family data can be exploited to investigate theories of job turnover, labor supply. and the industry structure of wages. Our primary findings follow. First, there are strong correlations between the family incomes of relatives. Our method of moments estimates are .38 for brother pairs, .73 for sister pairs. and .56 for brother-sister pairs. The intergenerational family income correlations are .36 for father-son pairs, .48 for father-daughter pairs, and .56 for both mother-son and mother-daughter pairs. These estimates. except for the father-son result, are large compared to those in the literature for the U.S. Second, we find strong correlations in the wages and earnings of relatives. Wage correlations vary around .40 for all family member pairs, and earnings correlations vary around .35. Work hours of family members of the same sex are also fairly strongly related. Fourth, we find strong correlations in the earnings of "in-laws" that may support a theory of assortive mating in which parental earnings have value. We also provide evidence that job turnover rates depend on family characteristics and are negatively correlated with labor market productivity. Further, we show that young men whose fathers work in high wage industries tend themselves to work in high wage industries. Lastly, we find that a father's collective bargaining coverage has a strong positive influence on his son's collective bargaining status.


Technological breakthroughs occasionally set off floods of inventions and associated patents. The decline of the business method exception to patentability is likely to increase the frequency of patent floods. Future technological breakthroughs might now cause two different patent floods: a flood of patents covering the relevant technology, and a flood of patents covering business methods in the new market opened by the breakthrough. Furthermore, a technological breakthrough is no longer a precondition for a patent flood. Any factor that opens a new market might cause a future flood of business method patents. A flood of related patents in a new market creates special problems for competition in addition to the usual problems that arise from market power associated with individual patents. Patent floods strain the resources of the Patent Office and adversely affect the quality of issued patents. Of particular concern, reduced patent quality increases uncertainty about the scope and validity of patents and increases the frequency of patent litigation. The fragility of the many start-ups in new markets makes them vulnerable to strategic patent litigation. Furthermore, a thicket of patents may stultify development of technology because of the cost of securing patent licenses from the large numbers of patent owners. Cross-license agreements and patent pools mitigate problems caused by floods, but such agreements could be difficult to reach in response to future business method patent floods. The heightened risk of patent floods is a problem unique to business method patents, and justifies exceptional treatment of business method inventions. It is probably socially desirable to use the subject matter and nonobviousness standards for patentability to restrict grants of business method patents.


The first event in the germination sequence is imbibition. Water uptake limitation has an effect on germination velocity, decreasing or stopping this process. In water stress conditions seeds with different sizes may present different behaviour. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydric stress induced by mannitol on the physiological seed quality of soybean cultivar 'IAC-18' classified by size in the 12 and 13 mesh and cultivar 'IAC-22' classified in the 12, 13 and 14 mesh. Seeds were sown on paper soaked in mannitol solutions at different concentrations (0; 44.58; 89.17; 133.75g L-1 distilled water) which produced the water potentials of 0, -0.6, -1.2 and -1.8MPa. Treatments were evaluated according the following characteristics: germination, first germination counting, seedling vigour classification, hypocotil and root length and shoot and root dry biomass. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with the treatments in a factorial scheme of 2x4 and 3x4 (seed size x mannitol concentration) for each cultivar, respectively. Results showed that calculated water potential at -0.52 and -0.49MPa promoted maximum germination for the smallest and largest seeds, respectively. For 'IAC-22' cultivar the calculated water potential of -0.514, -0.51 and -0.46MPa induced maximum germination for the seeds of 12, 13 and 14 mesh, respectively. Up to the water potential of -1.27 and -1.04MPa the largest seeds produced the highest germination percentage for 'IAC-18' and 'IAC22' cultivars, respectively. Germination was less affected than the evaluations of seedling development at the different levels of water potential, and these characteristics decreased with the increase in water stress.


High Employee turnover is one of the major challenges facing the hotel industry and it rather seems to be a worldwide phenomenon. Indian hospitality industry is facing a continued shortage of trained and skilled employees. Turnover results in losses to the organisation in terms of recruitment and training costs, lost morale, low performance, inefficient service delivery and loss of revenue. HR practices contribute to organisational performance. Research has suggested that a combination of HR practices when well planned and implemented had a significant positive effect on employee turnover. By analyzing the domains of knowledge related to HR practices unique to hospitality industry with characteristics typical to the industry such as cyclical and seasonal demand, reliance on low skilled labour, international chains vs. domestic companies, ownership, heterogeneity of firm size, level of services provided, this paper attempts to present a clear cut path for researchers probing the depths of Human resource practices specific to the


Title of Document: EFFECT OF FREE CHLORINE OXIDATION ON THE DEPOSITION KINETICS OF BACTERIOPHAGE MS2 ON A SILICA SURFACE Heungkook Noriomoral Stephens, Master of Science, 2015 Directed By: Professor Baoxia Mi, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Understanding the transport kinetics of water contaminates such as pathogenic viruses around solid surfaces is important in controlling groundwater contaminant plumes and optimizing contaminant removal in sand filtration units. The effect of increasing oxidative stress, in the form of small doses of free chlorine, on the deposition behavior of bacteriophage MS2 onto a silica surface was examined using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). MS2 deposition rates were analyzed by reaction time and inactivation level. A statistically significant increase in the deposition rate was identified between MS2 test solutions not exposed to free chlorine and most test solutions that were exposed. However, as exposure to free chlorine was increased, no relationship was able to be deduced from the collected deposition data. Potential explanations based on previous work were discussed. Observations also indicated that more comprehensive purification procedures in comparison to previous studies were necessary to obtain accurate QCM-D data. EFFECT OF FREE CHLORINE OXIDATION ON THE DEPOSITION KINETICS OF BACTERIOPHAGE MS2 ON A SILICA SURFACE


CARDI E-Bulletin: October 2009Supporting research to play a vital role in planning for an ageing population across the island of Ireland. Our e-bulletin provides up-to-date information on ageing research including seminars, funding opportunities, latest research and innovation. More detailed information is available on our website. www.cardi.ie


The fuel potential of six tropical hardwood
species namely: Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra, Aningeria
robusta, Terminalia superba, Celtis mildbreadii and Piptadenia africana were studied.
Properties studied included species density, gross calorific value, volatile
matter, ash content, organic carbon and elemental composition. Fuel properties
were determined using standard laboratory methods. The result indicates
that the gross calorific value (GCV) of the species ranged from 20.16 to 22.22
MJ/kg and they slightly varied from each other. Additionally, the GCV of the
biomass materials were higher than that of other biomass materials like; wheat
straw, rice straw, maize straw and sugar cane. The ash and volatile matter
content varied from 0.6075 to 5.0407%, and 75.23% to 83.70% respectively. The
overall rating of the properties of the six biomass materials suggested that Piptadenia africana has the best fuel
property to be used as briquettes and Aningeria robusta the worse. This study therefore suggests that a holistic
assessment of a biomass material needs to be done before selecting it for fuel
purpose.


In this paper, we present a fast and efficient compilation methodology for pipeline reconfigurable architectures. Our compiler back-end is much faster than conventional CAD tools, and fairly efficient. We represent pipeline reconfigurable architectures by a generalized VLIW-like model. The complex architectural constraints are effectively expressed in terms of a single graph parameter: the routing path length (RPL). Compiling to our model using RPL, we demonstrate fast compilation times and show speedups of between 10x and 200x on a pipeline reconfigurable architecture when compared to an UltraSparc-II.


This study assessed metabolism, growth, and survival of two seagrass species at three different seawater temperatures (27°C, 30°C, and 33°C) under saturating (400 µmol photons m‐2 s‐1) and limiting (40 µmol photons m‐2 s‐1) light over 1 month. Halodule uninervis grown at 33°C was within its physiological optimum temperature range, exhibiting 2.3× higher photosynthetic rates than at 27°C, and increased net shoot carbon (C) production (up to 10× higher) at saturating light levels. In contrast, 33°C exceeded the optimum temperature threshold for Zostera muelleri, resulting in critical metabolic imbalances with large reductions in photosynthesis and increases in leaf respiration. This led to substantially lower growth rates (0‐2% of those at 27°C) and lower final biomass (only 10% of that at 27°C) in the 33°C treatment after 1 month. This decline at higher temperatures occurred at both light levels, but it was more severe in limiting light, where the C balance went into deficit. H. uninervis in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) exists well within its optimal temperature range and should continue to thrive at projected future temperatures, at least under saturating light levels. In contrast, Z. muelleri currently exists near its upper thermal threshold, and future temperature increases of the magnitude investigated here would likely lead to the contraction of the range of this species from the northern GBR ‐ potentially by more than 1000 km. This could have ecologically significant ramifications, because Z. muelleri is often the only GBR species that currently inhabits muddy estuarine areas, which are critical fisheries habitats.


Hypomagnesemia. A metabolic imbalance underestimated in dairy herds in Costa Rica. A review. Hypomagnesemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by a reduction in blood and cerebrospinal fluids magnesium levels, affecting the central nervous system. Hypomagnesemic tetany mainly affects old and high producing cows and incidence can reach epidemic proportions. When magnesium levels drop between 1.8 to 1.1 mgl100 ml, the metabolic imbalance is considered moderate and the animal reduces feed intake, is nervous and milk fat synthesis and total milk production are reduced. This condition predisposes to milk fever. If magnesium levels fall below 1.1 mg/100 ml neuromuscular function is affected and the animals show tetanic spams of the muscules and usually lay with the head arched back and the legs paddling. The eyelids flutter and there is nystagmus. If animals are not treated immediately mortality is high. The most effective treatment for the hypomagnesemic cow is the 500 ml injection of a solution of calcium borogluconate (8 to 10 g calcium) and magnesium borogluconate (1.5 to 4 g of magnesium). Injections should be administered slow and intravenously. To prevent relapses is recommended the subcutaneous injection of L00 to 200 ml of a 20 to 50% magnesium sulfate solution. Since no hormonal mechanisms are in charge of keeping the magnesium homeostasis in the organism, the mineral should be always supplied in the diet of the animals in order to maintain the normal plasma levels (1.8 to 2.4mg/1OO ml). Magnesium level in the dairy cattle diet should be 0.25% of dry matter when the K:(Ca+Mg) ratio is below 2.2.If this relationship is higher the level of the element should be increased to 0.30%. Magnesium absorption in the rumen epithelium depends on the concentration of magnesium in solution in the rumen fluid and the activity of the magnesium transport mechanism, which is related to sodium. Among factors affecting the concentration of magnesium in solution in the rumen fluid are the amount of this mineral in the diet, rumen pH and the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the forages. Magnesium transport across the rumen epithelium is affected by the sodium: potassium ratio in the diet, as well as the ingestion of lush high moisture pastures, which increases the rate of passage of feed from the rumen, reducing the absorption of magnesium. Most of the forages in the Humid Tropics and the Highlands of Costa Rica have conditions that predispose cows to suffer hypomagnemia. Moreover, most of the soils in these areas ale magnesium deficient (less than 1 mgl100 ml of soil). In those dairy herds where this imbalance is a problem, it is recommended to increase magnesium intake through drinking


This article explores the practice of 3D printers from a playful perspective. Using the Ultimaker Original as a case study, it addresses the question of whether the practice of open source software and hardware in 3D printing is inherently playful and how the user affects and is affected by its playability. After examining the materiality of open source development and hacking processes in the Ultimaker Original, I will argue how playfulness of 3D printing stimulates hacking the 3D printer. From a broader perspective, the playful practice of 3D printing can be seen as part of a general development towards the ludification of culture.


Introduction: Nowadays, the important role of stem cells in treatment of many diseases such as stoke is well known. Stem cells derived from either bone marrow or cord bloods are good sources for tissues replacement after post embryonic injuries. Methods: Fourteen-day-old Wistar rats were used in this study. Rats were subjected to internal carotid artery occlusion for 30 minutes. Then, animals were received intravenously 2×105 Bromo Deoxy Uridine (BRDU) labeled- cord blood stem cells (CBSCs). Rats with hypoxic conditions that were not received any injection were assumed as a sham group. Intact animals who did not receive any injection or surgeries were used as a control group. Results: Our results were evaluated according to behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry of the brain especially frontal cortex of the control, sham and experimental groups. Behavioral recovery was observed in the experimental group compared to the either the sham or the control group. In addition, histological studies demonstrated a reduction in ischemic cells in the experimental group compared to the sham group. Conclusion: Intravenous transplantation can be a future line in treatment of infants with hypoxic who are exposed to irreversible damages.


Abstract Aggregative responses are commonly observed in insects, including chrysomelids, affecting both individual and population growth rates. In two closely related chrysomelid beetles (Galerucella calmariensis and G. pusilla) feeding on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), recent studies suggest that male-produced pheromones may cause both inter- and intraspecific attraction. This paper further examines the causes and consequences of feeding aggregations in these species. Olfactometer studies confirm previous findings, showing cross-species attraction to damaged plants, but suggest that also damaged induced plant volatiles may be involved. In addition, the studies suggest that the cross-species attraction observed in previous studies have asymmetric effects on the two beetles. Galerucella pusilla was more attracted to damage by G. calmariensis than to damage by conspecifics. Laboratory and field data suggest that feeding aggregations in these species increase pupal mass, at least at low to intermediate larval densities. This positive feedback may have important consequences for the spatiotemporal dynamics and as a consequence on the role of the two chrysomelid beetles on biological control of purple loosestrife.


Corals from Western Sumatra retain stratigraphic records of relative sea-level change that can be used to infer vertical displacement rates in the hanging wall block of the Sumatran subduction zone. The upward growth of the coral "microatolls" is limited by low water levels, and fluctuations in water level produce measurable changes in the coral morphology. Furthermore, the corals contain annual growth rings, which act as an internal chronometer of coral growth history. The microatolls, which are widespread and can live for decades or centuries, can serve as natural long-term tide gauges, recording sea-level variations over wide intervals of space and time.

Relative sea-level records from living corals from the outer-arc islands and mainland coast constrain the nature of recent vertical deformation over the subduction zone. Emerged fossil corals from the islands, dated with U-Th geochronometry, constrain the paleoseismic and paleogeodetic history of the region.

Stratigraphic analysis of cross-sectional slabs cut from living coral heads reveals that the islands have been submerging at rates of 4-10 mm/yr over the last four or five decades, while the mainland has remained relatively stable. Many fossil corals died in the early 1800's. Their age and morphological signature indicate they died as a result of coseismic uplift of more than lm during the last great subduction-zone earthquake in this region, in 1833, following decades of interseismic submergence at rates similar to modern rates.

Other sampled corals died at earlier times throughout the late to mid-Holocene. Their presence in the intertidal zone suggests that little permanent vertical deformation has occurred here over the past several thousand years, and, therefore, most of the accumulated interseismic strain is recovered during earthquakes. The temporal distribution of coral deaths suggests an average earthquake recurrence interval for subduction zone events of about 230 years. Combining sea-level histories from modern, 1833, and older corals yields partial records of co- and interseismic vertical displacement for multiple earthquake cycles. Such displacement records from the hanging wall of a major plate boundary can help constrain models of subduction-zone deformation.


BACKGROUND
Reactive oxygen species are indicated to play a prime role in the pathophysiology of brain damage following a severe head injury (SHI).

AIM
The current study was designed to understand the time-relative changes and relationship between erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of SHI patients in the 21-day posttraumatic study period.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study included 24 SHI patients and 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed in these patients and controls. The GCS scores of these patients were also recorded for the comparative study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Venous blood samples were collected on day 7 (D7) and D21 from SHI patients and NC for the assay of SOD, GR and GSH-Px activities. These changes were correlated with age and changes in GCS scores of patients.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean values of each parameter between group 1 (NC), group 2 (D7 changes in SHI patients) and group 3 (D21 changes in SHI patients). ANOVA was followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. The Pearson correlation was applied to correlate between the antioxidant parameters and age and GCS scores of these patients.

RESULTS
A significant increase in erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities was observed in group 3 as compared to groups 1 and 2. The increase in GSH-Px activity was significant in group 2 as compared to group 1. Although not significant, there was an increase in mean GR activity in groups 2 and 3 as compared to group 1.

CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that SHI patients have shown significantly enhanced erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities during the 21-day posttraumatic study period.


This article presents a study of what happens when the innovative ideas behind a new learning design may be too innovative. The article analysis an implementation process of a new learning design in Nurse Education. The intention with the new learning design was to move away from a functionalist approach to teaching and it was developed to motivate and encourage the students to engage in more situated and self-regulated learning processes. The investigated course was infamous for low attendance and for unmotivated students. The new leaning design utilised teacher-produced video-clips, role-play and open supervision to qualify the students learning process while they were preparing for the lessons but also during the lessons. The new pedagogical activities were designed to make the learning process more situated and less rigours, thus demanding of the students to develop skills as self-regulated learners who, in turn, would be able to create relations between video content and lesson activities, while forming a chaosmos. The video-clips should also scaffold the academic reading during preparation with video-clips. However, the outcome was not as planned. The students did not recognise the video-clips as a significant part of the preparation for the lessons and therefore they were not prepared for the activities that the teacher had planned for the lessons. The article analyses and interprets the students' missing relations between content, activities and their roles as learners. The article suggests an iterative, spiralic process to develop schemata and relations to learn in a situated learning environment while forming as chaosmos and developing as self-regulated learners.


Experience replay is central to off-policy algorithms in deep reinforcement learning (RL), but there remain significant gaps in our understanding. We therefore present a systematic and extensive analysis of experience replay in Q-learning methods, focusing on two fundamental properties: the replay capacity and the ratio of learning updates to experience collected (replay ratio). Our additive and ablative studies upend conventional wisdom around experience replay -- greater capacity is found to substantially increase the performance of certain algorithms, while leaving others unaffected. Counterintuitively we show that theoretically ungrounded, uncorrected n-step returns are uniquely beneficial while other techniques confer limited benefit for sifting through larger memory. Separately, by directly controlling the replay ratio we contextualize previous observations in the literature and empirically measure its importance across a variety of deep RL algorithms. Finally, we conclude by testing a set of hypotheses on the nature of these performance benefits.


Personalized Federated Learning (pFL), which utilizes and deploys distinct local models, has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its success in handling the statistical heterogeneity of FL clients. However, standardized evaluation and systematical analysis of diverse pFL methods remain a challenge. Firstly, the highly varied datasets, FL simulation settings and pFL implementations prevent easy and fair comparisons of pFL methods. Secondly, the current pFL literature diverges in the adopted evaluation and ablation protocols. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of pFL methods are under-explored in various practical scenarios, such as the generalization to new clients and the participation of resource-limited clients. To tackle these challenges, we propose the first comprehensive pFL benchmark, pFL-Bench, for facilitating rapid, reproducible, standardized and thorough pFL evaluation. The proposed benchmark contains more than 10 dataset variants in various application domains with a unified data partition and realistic heterogeneous settings; a modularized and easy-to-extend pFL codebase with more than 20 competitive pFL method implementations; and systematic evaluations under containerized environments in terms of generalization, fairness, system overhead, and convergence. We highlight the benefits and potential of state-of-the-art pFL methods and hope the pFL-Bench enables further pFL research and broad applications that would otherwise be difficult owing to the absence of a dedicated benchmark. The code is released at https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScope/tree/master/benchmark/pFL-Bench.


Incomplete GDL-based algorithms including Maxsum and its variants are important methods for multi-agent optimization. However, they face a significant scalability challenge as the computational overhead grows exponentially with respect to the arity of each utility function. Generic Domain Pruning (GDP) technique reduces the computational effort by performing a one-shot pruning to filter out suboptimal entries. Unfortunately, GDP could perform poorly when dealing with dense local utilities and ties which widely exist in many domains. In this paper, we present several novel sorting-based acceleration algorithms by alleviating the effect of densely distributed local utilities. Specifically, instead of one-shot pruning in GDP, we propose to integrate both search and pruning to iteratively reduce the search space. Besides, we cope with the utility ties by organizing the search space of tied utilities into AND/OR trees to enable branch-and-bound. Finally, we propose a discretization mechanism to offer a tradeoff between the reconstruction overhead and the pruning efficiency. We demonstrate the superiorities of our algorithms over the state-of-the-art from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.


The horse is a majestic animal that needs the utmost in care and love. Luckily for horse owners and appreciators, this fully revised and updated second edition is a detailed introduction to horse companionship and care. This handy guide features all you need to know about horses, including information on: * Anatomy and physiology; * Feeding and grooming; * Traditional and alternative treatments for health problems; * Dressage, jumping, and other types of horsemanship; * Careers with horses; * And more! This edition also includes completely new material on horse colors and markings, parasite control, training philosophies, entering horse shows, and more! The Everything Horse Book is an ideal gift for anyone who has ever been interested in our equestrian friends!


This text recognises the importance of maximizing the benefits of globalization while diminishing its negative effects. The social exclusion that globalization seems to foster, and the widening gap it facilitates between rich and poor in developed as well as in developing nations, can no longer be ignored. Accordingly, the concept of social rights, originally introduced in the European Social Charter of 1961, has once again come to the forefront of international and comparative labour law. The book contains the reports of the International Conference held in Brussels, on 9 May 2000, which was organized by The Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium and the Society for Social and International Cooperation, in collaboration with The Council of Europe, The European Union, and The International Labour Organisation. The goal of this conference was to investigate ways of building bridges between economic and technological market-driven developments on the one hand, and fundamental necessities of a civilized and decently human society on the other. Introductory remarks were made by Mr. R. Brillat (Head of the section European Social Charter, Council of Europe). The first paper seeks to identify the social challenges confronting European citizens in the 21st century. Then follow three reports by members of the Committee of Independent Experts of the Council of Europe (R. Birk, S. Evju and M. Mikkola), describing the rights contained in the European Social Charter, what the Charter means for Central and Eastern European countries, and the relationship between the Charter and the European Union. Current proposals to devise a Charter of Fundamental Rights for the European Union, and the work of the ad hoc convention established by the Tampere European Council of October 1999, are discussed in depth. Other papers are concerned with ensuring co-ordinated and coherent progress in this area among the various international and regional organizations of the wider global social community, and with the actual implementation of "core rights" in national legislation, including: Right to Work and Freedom to Work (A. Jacobs, M. Biagi, R. Salomone); Information and Consultation of Workers (M. Colucci); Equal Treatment and the Prohibition of Discrimination (R. Blanpain); The Rights of Children and Young Persons (M. Matey); Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining (C. Engels); and The Right to Strike and Lock-out (G. Morris). Annexes reprint relevant documents of the Council of Europe (I), of the European Union (II), and the ETUC and UNICE (III).


Polyphenols are promising nutritional bioactives exhibiting beneficial effect on age-related cognitive decline. This study evaluated the effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB) on memory of healthy elderly subjects (60-70 years-old). A bicentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 215 volunteers receiving 600 mg/day of PEGB (containing 258 mg flavonoids) or a placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (PAL), a visuospatial learning and episodic memory test. Secondary outcomes included verbal episodic and recognition memory (VRM) and working memory (SSP). There was no significant effect of PEGB on the PAL on the whole cohort. Yet, PEGB supplementation improved VRM-free recall. Stratifying the cohort in quartiles based on PAL at baseline revealed a subgroup with advanced cognitive decline (decliners) who responded positively to the PEGB. In this group, PEGB consumption was also associated with a better VRM-delayed recognition. In addition to a lower polyphenol consumption, the urine metabolomic profile of decliners revealed that they excreted more metabolites. Urinary concentrations of specific flavan-3-ols metabolites were associated, at the end of the intervention, with the memory improvements. Our study demonstrates that PEGB improves age-related episodic memory decline in individuals with the highest cognitive impairments.


Sir,THAT women greatly influence the habits and manners of men the history of most civilized nations, as well as our own experience, will sufficiently prove; nay that they often give impressions which continue during life, the observations of every unprejudiced observer will equally substantiate-It will not be denied that an intercourse with our sex polishes the manners, and gives a delicacy to the minds of men; if such is their influence, I am not wrong in supposing that they are capable, and very often give a cast to our political complexion-The superior light in which you have been accustomed to view yourselves, may make this opinion of difficult admission; but on reflection it will be found, that the secret power which we have over you, enables us to fashion you lords of the creation as we please-It is scarcely necessary to resort to times past to prove my position; the history of France will furnish ample testimony in my favour, not only that women have fashioned, but that they have actually governed men. Perhaps the cause of the present revolution of France may be traced to that government; the earl of Chesterfield supposed that women gave men a currency, the history of some of the ancient republics informs us that women formed some of their most renowned patriots-It is a trite saying that a man must ask his wife if he shall be rich; I will extend this idea a little further and say, that a man must ask our sex if he shall be free. The great influence which fashion has, and there are fashionable opinions as well as fashions in dress, may he justly termed tyranny, and that we direct fashion is incontrovertible. If then a fashion is introduced which may serve to lessen the independence of the human mind, by teaching it a humility repugnant to republican principles, am I not just in the inference that we form your political characters; that we can hold out liberty, or slavery to you? So jealous is the government of China, that the customs, manners and fashions of the present day have been from time immemorial, and are preserved with an almost religious veneration, lest a change in them might produce a revolution in their political belief; ought we not to have the same jealousy with regard to our government, and if possible stifle any practices which favour of distinction and inequality, lest we lay a foundation for change in our political order? The above remarks suggested themselves to my mind on reading some reflections in your paper under the different signatures of Mirabeau and Condorcet.The remarks of those writers are but too just, but they have not struck the evil at its root. I conceive that they should have resorted to us as leading instruments of such anti-republican distinctions; witness THE DRAWING ROOM!!No character or place ought to be so sacred in a republican government as to be above criticism. Inviolability and infallibility are royal qualities, which slaves only can comprehend. It is the unalienable prerogative of freemen to scrutinize the conduct of their rulers, and if derogatory to just and equal principles, it ought to meet their severest reprehension. To elevate any character, however meritorious, beyond the level of scrutiny, is to establish a precedent big with the most destructive consequences. It is to lay out the turnpike of slavery. It might be considered as an invasion of female rights, for you, gentlemen, to comment upon the conduct of women, but for one of the same sex to do it, will, perhaps, abate a little of the censure; mine has been the task, and I trust that my fair countrywomen will not persist in giving currency to opinions, destructive of equality, the vital principle of republicanism. Let us fashion men to virtue, but not to the servility and adulation of royalty; let us reverence merit in whatever form or station it may appear to us, but let it be the reverence of dignified and independent minds; let us display our charms to show our individual freedom and consequence, but let us beware of becoming satellites, lest our revolutions should be made permanent, and we deprived of the power of receding. …


This is a part of a large project entitled 'Refracted Colonial Modernity' led by Kikuchi and funded by the Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation (US$55,100) since 2000. Outcomes produced by this project include a panel at the Association for Asian Studies conference in San Diego (2000), an international conference 'Refracted Colonial Modernity in Art and Design of Taiwan'at the National Museum of History, Taipei (2001), an invited talk by the National Culture Association and the Taiwan Historical Association on 'From Representation to Subjectivity: Taiwanese 'Vernacular' Crafts'at the International Conference on History and Culture of Taiwan (2006), a travelling exhibition 'Refraction and Creation: Modernity and Identity in Taiwanese Crafts' at the National Taiwan Museum (September-November 2008) and Brunei Gallery, SOAS (January-March 2009), as well as the publication of this volume.

This volume presents critical studies of modern Taiwanese art—a new academic field with still very few publications in English. Its originality lies in the treatment of Taiwanese art as a field independent from Chinese art, and through its focus on postcolonial analysis. Because Taiwan's case is unique due to colonization by a non-western country—Japan, Taiwan adds different dimensions and complexities to current studies on colonialism in relation to modernity, which have been established primarily on the model of Euroamerican colonies.

The nine papers in this volume present different perspectives of Taiwanese visual culture and landscape during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945) through the media of travel writings, paintings, architecture, material culture and crafts. The central theme is 'refracted modernity', whereby the term 'refraction,' describes metaphorically the recursive and transferable nature of modernity. We argue that the formation of modernity and identity in Taiwanese visual culture involves a range of interdependent cultural transfers and appropriations between Europe, Japan and Taiwan, and subsequently produced a fascinating 'hybrid' visual culture in Taiwan.

Kikuchi served as editor for the volume and contributed the introduction and well as the essay Refracted Colonial Modernity: Vernacularism in the Development of Modern Taiwanese Crafts.


The aviation network plays an important role in today's globalised society. There is a growing understanding among governments worldwide that air connectivity is an asset improving the global competitiveness of cities, regions and countries. Connectivity growth decreases travel costs for consumers and businesses and facilitates global contacts and trade. There is increasing evidence that air connectivity growth stimulates productivity, R&D, foreign direct investment and fosters trade specialisation. Against this background, many governments try to formulate (aviation) policies to influence/ enhance connectivity outcomes, so as to achieve a connectivity portfolio that best meets society's needs. This seems to be particularly an issue when airport capacity is scarce or when new airports are added to an existing airport system. Hence, the ITF posed the question how governments can influence connectivity outcomes. To answer this question, we first discuss the concept of air connectivity, the economic value of connectivity and its determinants. We then identify the instruments that can potentially be part of the government's "toolkit" to influence connectivity outcomes. Finally, we discuss two approaches that governments may follow when influencing connectivity outcomes: a market-based approach and an interventionist, administrative approach. We discuss the pros and cons of both approaches and argue that governments should be modest about steering connectivity outcomes using an administrative approach. This paper is focused on the European context in terms of the specific policy instruments that are discussed. However, the insights derived from this paper are likely to apply for other regions as well.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
To determine whether occult disease fluctuates with macroscopic lesions during the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether therapeutic interventions affect occult disease, we performed serial monthly magnetization transfer (MT) imaging in patients with relapsing-remitting MS in a crossover trial with interferon beta-lb.

METHODS
Serial whole-brain magnetization transfer ratios (MTRs) in eight patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in four control subjects were plotted as normalized histograms, and MTR parameters were compared with contrast-enhancing lesions and bulk white matter lesion load.

RESULTS
In patients with relapsing-remitting MS, the histographic peak of 0.25+/-0.01 and the histographic mean of 0.21+/-0.01 were statistically lower than corresponding values in control subjects, in whom the histographic peak was 0.27+/-0.01 and the histographic mean was 0.23+/-0.01. When histograms (with MTRs ranging from 0.0 to 0.5) were analyzed by quartiles (quartile 1 to quartile 4) based on histographic area, voxels with low MTRs in quartile 1 (0 to 0.12) increased during the baseline period and corresponded to bulk white matter lesion load. Interferon beta-lb reduced enhancing lesions by 91% and mean bulk white matter lesion load by 15%, but had no effect on MTR in this patient cohort.

CONCLUSION
Occult disease in normal-appearing white matter of patients with relapsing-remitting MS measured by MTR parallels the waxing and waning pattern of enhancing lesions and bulk white matter lesion load during the baseline period. MTR is not altered by interferon beta-lb, which raises the possibility of ongoing disease in normal-appearing white matter (not detected by conventional MR sequences).


Background: Since the treatments of long tracheal lesions are associated with some limitations, tissue engineered trachea is considered as an alternative option. This study aimed at preparing a composite scaffold, based on natural and synthetic materials for tracheal tissue engineering. Methods: Nine chitosan silk-based scaffolds were fabricated using three freezing rates (0.5, 1, and 2°C/min) and glutaraldehyde (GA) concentrations (0, 0.4, and 0.8 wt%). Samples were characterized, and scaffolds having mechanical properties compatible with those of human trachea and proper biodegradability were selected for chondrocyte cell seeding and subsequent biological assessments. Results: The pore sizes were highly influenced by the freezing rate and varied from 135.3×372.1 to 37.8×83.4 µm. Swelling and biodegradability behaviors were more affected by GA rather than freezing rate. Tensile strength raised from 120 kPa to 350 kPa by an increment of freezing rate and GA concentration. In addition, marked stiffening was demonstrated by increasing elastic modulus from 1.5 MPa to 12.2 MPa. Samples having 1 and 2°C/min of freezing rate and 0.8 wt% GA concentration made a non-toxic, porous structure with tensile strength and elastic modulus in the range of human trachea, facilitating the chondrocyte proliferation. The results of 21-day cell culture indicated that glycosaminoglycans content was significantly higher for the rate of 2°C/min (12.04 µg/min) rather than the other (9.6 µg/min). Conclusion: A homogenous porous structure was created by freeze drying. This allows the fabrication of a chitosan silk scaffold cross-linked by GA for cartilage tissue regeneration with application in tracheal regeneration.


For political philosopher Hannah Arendt, action is also that which inserts us into the world, makes possible our public appearance and our political participation. In performance, action is that which invites us in, marks or blurs the boundaries between public and private, theatrical gesture and its spectating. In writing about performance, I am confronted with action two-fold. In the instance in which I encounter it in the live moment, raw and incomplete; and in the textual gesture I extend in return. This paper considers the relationship between critical writing about performance and training practice, through an exploration of action. It draws on Arendt's philosophy to examine the ways in which action operates in pedagogical approaches to critical writing. It does so by considering the plural modes of action and representation as found in a Jackson Pollock painting inspired by William Shakespeare's The Tempest. In this manner a gentle confrontation is staged between the process of critical writing, marked by encounter, resistance, articulation, interpretation and dialogue, my own experience of training critical writers, and the politics of description that shape the critical text. The article considers how this confrontation might offer configurations of encounters with performance, allowing for change and specificity in the training process.


In this study, the electronically controlled water steam injection (ESI) system was introduced as a new method to reduce NOx emissions. In this system, the energy required for obtaining steam was supplied from exhaust gases. Throttling by injector, pressured and heated water, which is in the form of saturated liquid, becomes superheated steam; thus, the corrosion problem caused by condensation is prevented. It was determined in full load condition engine tests that NOx emissions reduce up to 33%, power and moment increase up to 3% and specific fuel consumption decrease up to 5%. When a steam injection system was tried in engine running with 20% biodiesel, it was determined that all the emission parameters, also including NOx, reduced. As a result, the ESI system is considered to be an important method that can be adapted easily in cruise ships, ferries sailing in continental waters and merchant ships in order to reduce NOx emissions.


The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome consists of painful ophthalmoplegia caused by cavernous sinus inflammation, which is responsive to steroid therapy. The MR features of 11 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were studied. Two patients had normal MR studies of the orbit and cavernous sinuses. In nine patients, abnormal signal and/or mass lesions were seen in the cavernous sinuses; in eight cases, the abnormality was hypointense relative to fat and isointense with muscle on short TR/TE images and isointense with fat on long TR/TE scans. Extension into the orbital apex was seen in eight cases. In six of nine cases the affected cavernous sinus was enlarged; in five of nine it had a convex outer margin. One patient had a thrombosed cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein in addition to a cavernous sinus soft-tissue mass. The signal intensity of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in this limited series was similar to that of orbital pseudotumor and is confined to a limited differential diagnosis, which includes meningioma, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis.


In this paper a novel approach for power management and control strategy of a wind/fuel cell/battery-bank hybrid power generation/storage system are proposed. The system consists of a wind turbine and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as power generation systems, battery bank and electrolyzer, as long term and short term storage systems respectively and also different converters with different control strategy. The produced power of wind system is unpredictable. Due to this reason, a wind power system may be combined with other power sources. In this paper, wind power system is integrated with fuel cell due to its high efficiency, modularity and fuel flexibility. The battery bank is used to alleviate slow dynamics of fuel cell by providing excess power during transient event such as step load demand and also during above the maximum power available from fuel cell (FC) and wind turbine (WT) systems for short duration. Moreover, the proposed hybrid power generation can tolerate rapid changes in wind speed. In wind turbine, a comprehensive torque model for three-bladed wind turbine including effects of wind shear and tower shadow is considered. Simulation results with MATLAB software have been presented to point out the validity of proposed system.


RPS16 of eukaryote is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit encoded by RPS16 gene and is also a homolog of prokaryotic RPS9. The cDNA and genomic sequence of RPS16 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively, which were both sequenced and analyzed preliminarily. The cDNA of the RPS16 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The length of cDNA fragment cloned is 448 bp containing an open reading frame of 441 bp encoding 146 amino acids and the length of the genomic sequence is 2510 bp, containing five exons and four introns. Alignment analysis indicates that the nucleotide sequence share a high homology with those of Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Danio rerio by 95.46, 92.97, 89.80, 89.80 and 82.54%, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence is entirely identical compared with the first four animals and share a high homology with that of D. rerio by 96.58%. Topology prediction shows that there is one cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, three protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, one casein kinase II phosphorylation site, two N-myristoylation sites, one amidation site and one ribosomal protein S9 signature in the RPS16 protein of the Giant Panda . The RPS16 gene can be readily expressed in E. coli and it fused with the N-terminally GST-tagged protein which gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 20.095 kDa polypeptide, in good agreement with the predicted molecular weight. The expression product obtained could be used for purification and further study of its function.


We examined the path effect of humor style (HS) in terms of ability emotional intelligence (EI) and life satisfaction (LS) with 260 Chinese university students. The ability EI, HS, and LS of participants were measured with Chinese language versions of the measures, including the Emotional
 Intelligence Scale, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. We found that EI and LS were positively correlated. Positive HS (affiliative and self-enhancing) positively mediated EI and LS, and negative HS (aggressive and self-defeating) mediated EI and LS negatively.
 After control had been established for the other mediating variables, self-enhancing HS accounted for more variance in EI and LS than did the other 3 HS. These results increase understanding of how individuals with strong ability to regulate their emotions via a concrete HS improve their LS.
 Lastly, we recommended a process and mechanism for improving LS with EI.


Objective: Most cardiac arrest patients who are successfully resuscitated are initially comatose due to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) provides valuable prognostic information. However, prior approaches largely rely on snapshots of the EEG, without taking advantage of temporal information. Methods: We present a recurrent deep neural network with the goal of capturing temporal dynamics from longitudinal EEG data to predict long-term neurological outcomes. We utilized a large international dataset of continuous EEG recordings from 1,038 cardiac arrest patients from seven hospitals in Europe and the US. Poor outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 3-5, and good outcome as CPC score 0-2 at 3 to 6-months after cardiac arrest. Model performance is evaluated using 5-fold cross validation. Results: The proposed approach provides predictions which improve over time, beginning from an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72-0.81) at 12 hours, and reaching 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) by 66 h after cardiac arrest. At 66 h, (sensitivity, specificity) points of interest on the ROC curve for predicting poor outcomes were (32,99)%, (55,95)%, and (62,90)%, (99,23)%, (95,47)%, and (90,62)%; whereas for predicting good outcome, the corresponding operating points were (17,99)%, (47,95)%, (62,90)%, (99,19)%, (95,48)%, (70,90)%. Moreover, the model provides predicted probabilities that closely match the observed frequencies of good and poor outcomes (calibration error 0.04). Conclusions and Significance: These findings suggest that accounting for EEG trend information can substantially improve prediction of neurologic outcomes for patients with coma following cardiac arrest.


Massive MIMO (MM) is one of the leading technologies that can cater for very high capacity demand. However, energy consumption of MM systems needs to be load adaptive in order to cope with the significant temporal load variations (TLV) over a day. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic model for studying load adaptive multicell massive MIMO system where each base station (BS) adapts the number of antennas to the TLV in order to maximize the downlink energy efficiency (EE). The utility function considered here is defined as the number of bits transferred per Joule of energy. In order to incorporate the TLV, the load at each BS is modeled as an  $M/G/m/m$ state dependent queue under the assumption that the network is dimensioned to serve a maximum number of users at the peak load. The EE maximization problem is formulated in a game theoretic framework where the number of antennas to be used by a BS is determined through the best response iteration. This load adaptive system achieves around 24% higher EE and saves around 40% energy compared to a baseline system where the BSs always run with the fixed number of antennas that is most energy efficient at the peak load and that can be switched off when there is no traffic.


Certain queer theorists argue that gay men and lesbians are banned from military service in certain countries not due to a fear of otherness. Instead, they are prohibited from serving precisely because of a fear that the opposite might be true -- that introducing openly gay people into a 'homosocial' environment might destabilize accepted notions of sexuality among members of the service who presently constitute themselves as heterosexual. This article explores that idea in the context of the Report of the Homosexual Policy Assessment Team established to defend exclusion of openly gay people from military service in the United Kingdom. The Report justified the continued exclusion of openly gay service members (a ban subsequently dropped), by arguing that this would provoke a hostile, violent reaction from non-homosexual military personnel, undermining 'unit cohesion.' By subjecting the Report to what Janet Halley describes as an aggressive, unsympathetic reading, this article reveals a hidden rationale. The hidden rationale is that categories of sexual identity are inherently unstable and that acceptance of openly-acknowledged homosexual conduct could cause an increase is homosexual activity or acknowledgement of homosexual or bisexual desires among personnel previously regarded as heterosexual. The article argues that this hidden rationale of the authors of the military report ironically intersects with beliefs of so-called 'queer theorists,' who refuse to accept notions of fixed and unchanging categories of sexuality. The UK military may share a belief that categories of sexual identity are not inherent, but rather malleable and indeterminate.


An integrated tunable microlens, whose focal length may be varied over a range of 3 to 15 mm with total power consumption below 250 mW, is presented. Using thermo-pneumatic actuation, this adaptive optical microsystem is completely integrated and requires no external pressure controllers for operation. The lens system consists of a liquid-filled cavity bounded by a distensible polydimethyl-siloxane membrane and a separate thermal cavity with actuation and sensing elements, all fabricated using silicon, glass and polymers. Due to the physical separation of thermal actuators and lens body, temperature gradients in the lens optical aperture were below 4 °C in the vertical and 0.2 °C in the lateral directions. Optical characterization showed that the cutoff frequency of the optical transfer function, using a reference contrast of 0.2, varied from 30 lines/mm to 65 lines/mm over the tuning range, and a change in the numerical aperture from 0.067 to 0.333. Stable control of the focal length over a long time period using a simple electronic stabilization circuit was demonstrated.


The Chemistry Implementation Network (ChIN) is focused on supporting the FAIR Data needs of the research community regarding chemical related data. An Implementation Network is a consortium drawn from a community, in this case the chemistry discipline, committed to defining and constructing standards, materials and software in the spirit of the FAIR data principles and under the structure of the GO FAIR project. Furthermore, as a core science the ChIN has to reach beyond the chemistry community and support the use of chemical information in other disciplines. This will be facilitated through connections in the GO FAIR ecosystem of Implementation Networks. Examples of the FAIR chemical concepts that need to be supported include molecular and materials structures, chemical reactions, nomenclature and other chemical terminology and conventions. The ChIN aims to drive forward the application of the FAIR Data Principles relating to the full range of chemistry concepts that are key to the transparent and efficient communication of chemical information. Realizing the goal of FAIR chemistry data will require a culture change across the discipline. However this is best addressed once a critical mass of tools and approaches has been developed.


Title:Rewarding and Recognizing Employees: How IT Professionals in Sweden and in Finland are motivated and prefer to be rewarded Authors: Yecenia Rivera Ortiz Nghi Tran Supervisor: Dr. Klaus Solberg Soilen Course: Master Thesis in Business Administration Purpose: With this thesis we want to investigate through an empirical and a theoretical study how IT professionals in Sweden and in Finland are motivated and how they prefer to be rewarded and recognized. Method: The methodology for this thesis is both a quantitative and qualitative research methodology. The data was collected through questionnaires which contained multiple choice questions and open questions. The Statistical Analysis of Data presentation was performed for the multiple-choice questions and Qualitative analysis for the open questions. Conclusions: Motivating, recognizing and rewarding IT-professionals is a severely complicated issue of great importance to both employers and employees. IT-professionals does not appear to be fully motivated and recognized and they would do a better work if they where, according to them self. It is important that the management in the organizations dedicate time and interest to their employee's individual needs and to improve their motivation. By doing so, the quality of work and efficiency might be improved.


Heliothermic electricity generation is gaining popularity in several countries worldwide. In Brazil, this form of energy generation has not yet been explored for large scale projects. However, the country possesses extensive areas with normal and high-intensity direct irradiation and low seasonality factors, particularly in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. The region also presents other important features for setting up such plants: proximity to transmission lines, sufficient flatness, non-endangered vegetation, a suitable land use profile low maximum wind speeds, low population density, and more recently, an increase in the demand for local electric energy due to economic growth above the Brazilian average. A Geographic Information System includes a set of specialised resources that allow us to manipulate spatial data, providing quickness and efficiency in the identification of appropriate places for installing solar power plants while also preparing us for future scenarios, with regards to their impacts, costs and benefits. This article presents a study of the optimal location for thermoelectric power plants in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast on the scale of 1:10,000,000. All provinces with good potential for the implementation of large-scale concentrating solar power plants are identified. Considering that the installed capacity for parabolic cylindrical concentrators in terrains with a steepness of less than 1% is 43.26 MW/km2 for systems without storage and 30.82 MW/km2 for systems with 6 hours of storage, the potential of the southeast region of Piaui alone is huge. Even with the lack of information about the urban areas, terrain continuity, and other variables,utilising only 10% of the identified potential area, or879.7 km2, would result in an installed capacity of 38.1-27.1 GW. This value corresponds to more than 1/3 of the potency of the current Brazilian electric system. If the same calculation is made for the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast, its capacity will be greater than 1000 GW.


The 2005 Amendments to the Indian Patent Act expanded the scope of patentability by (among other provisions) allowing patenting of new substances brought about by incremental innovations. What exactly is an 'incremental innovation'? And how does the amended Act alter the legal definition of patentable subject matter and restructure the essential criteria - utility, novelty, no prior publication, and non-obviousness - around which patent law revolves? This masterful analysis of patent law in India, by two of India's most distinguished jurists, investigates thoroughly the scope of the possible answers to these crucial questions. Recognizing the character of the revolution taking place in patent law globally under the regime of multinational corporations - and India's central role in its development - Dr. Rao and Dr. Manjula Guru's analysis focuses on the patenting of substances arising out of advances in biotechnology, genetically engineered products, and computer-related devices. But they do not neglect the practical details of application, registration, and proceedings as constituted under the amended law; in fact, this book is the most detailed and insightful procedural and practice guide to the subject we have. Topics and areas of practice covered include the following: * patent for new use of a known product; * prescribed form of application; * entry in the Register; * powers of the Controller of Patents; * opposition and revocation proceedings; * addition and restoration of lapsed patents; * defences and reliefs in infringement proceedings; * compulsory licensing; * experimental use; * international arrangements for grants of patents simultaneously by several countries; * anti-competitive practices; and * exclusive marketing rights. Dr. Rao and Dr. Guru refer throughout to the far-reaching effects of the relevant World Trade Organization instruments (the TRIPS Agreement and the Doha Declaration), including provisions related to public health and national or regional emergencies and to research and development into new medicines. Important case law is also referred to, and various corresponding provisions of the law of several countries, in particular the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, are frequently brought into comparative analysis. No legal, administrative, or business professional in any of the many areas touched by patent law - not only in India, and elsewhere - can afford to bypass this deeply-informed study of a topic of huge global significance. Corporate counsel seeking an Indian patent will find no better guide.


BACKGROUND
The reported rate of failure after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has varied widely. The influence of the repair technique on the failure rates and functional outcomes after open or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional and anatomic results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs performed with the double-row suture anchor technique on the basis of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging arthrography in order to determine the postoperative integrity of the repairs.

METHODS
A prospective series of 105 consecutive shoulders undergoing arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair of the supraspinatus or a combination of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were evaluated at a minimum of two years after surgery. The evaluation included a routine history and physical examination as well as determination of the preoperative and postoperative strength, pain, range of motion, and Constant scores. All shoulders had a preoperative and postoperative computed tomography arthrogram (103 shoulders) or magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram (two shoulders).

RESULTS
There were thirty-six small rotator cuff tears, forty-seven large isolated supraspinatus or combined supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears, and twenty-two massive rotator cuff tears. The mean Constant score (and standard deviation) was 43.2 +/- 15.1 points (range, 8 to 83 points) preoperatively and 80.1 +/- 11.1 points (range, 46 to 100 points) postoperatively. Twelve of the 105 repairs failed. Intact rotator cuff repairs were associated with significantly increased strength and active range of motion.

CONCLUSIONS
Arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear with use of the double-row suture anchor technique results in a much lower rate of failure than has previously been reported in association with either open or arthroscopic repair methods. Patients with an intact rotator cuff repair have better pain relief than those with a failed repair. After repair, large and massive rotator cuff tears result in more postoperative weakness than small tears do.


Abstract Text classification is a widely studied problem and has broad applications. In many real-world problems, the number of texts for training classification models is limited, which renders these models prone to overfitting. To address this problem, we propose SSL-Reg, a data- dependent regularization approach based on self-supervised learning (SSL). SSL (Devlin et al., 2019a) is an unsupervised learning approach that defines auxiliary tasks on input data without using any human-provided labels and learns data representations by solving these auxiliary tasks. In SSL-Reg, a supervised classification task and an unsupervised SSL task are performed simultaneously. The SSL task is unsupervised, which is defined purely on input texts without using any human- provided labels. Training a model using an SSL task can prevent the model from being overfitted to a limited number of class labels in the classification task. Experiments on 17 text classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Code is available at https://github.com/UCSD-AI4H/SSReg.


The most perfectly structured metal surface observed in practice is that of a field evaporated field-ion microscope specimen. This surface has been characterised by adopting various optical analogue techniques. Hence a relationship has been determined between the structure of a single plane on the surface of a field-ion emitter and the geometry of a binary zone plate. By relating the known focussing properties of such a zone plate to those obtained from the projected images of such planes in a field-ion micrograph, it is possible to extract new information regarding the local magnification of the image. Further to this, it has been shown that the entire system of planes comprising the field-ion imaging surface may be regarded as a moire pattern formed between over-lapping zone plates. The properties of such moire zone plates are first established in an analysis of the moire pattern formed between zone plates on a flat surface. When these ideas are applied to the field-ion image it becomes possible to deduce further information regarding the precise topography of the emitter. It has also become possible to simulate differently proJected field-ion images by overlapping suitably aberrated zone plates. Low-energy ion bombardment is an essential preliminary to much surface research as a means of producing chemically clean surfaces. Hence it is important to know the nature and distribution of the resultant lattice damage, and the extent to which it may be removed by annealing. The field-ion microscope has been used to investigate such damage because its characterisation lies on the atomic scale. The present study is concerned with the in situ sputtering of tungsten emitters using helium, neon, argon and xenon ions with energies in the range 100eV to 1keV, together with observations of the effect of annealing. The relevance of these results to surface cleaning schedules is discussed.


The study is focused on the thermal entanglement of spin chains. Chains consisting of two and three qubits are considered. These chains are considered open because they are coupled to bosonic baths at different temperatures. The baths represent the environment. The dynamics of these open systems are examined as are the effects of different parameters such as bath temperature on the entanglement of the spins. The measure of entanglement used in these cases is the concurrence. Comparisons are made between a model that assumes a strong spinspin interaction and one that assumes a weak one. In all these cases, analytical solutions for the system dynamics are presented. It is found that at large times, all systems converge to a state that depends only on bath temperature. It is also found that increases in bath temperatures diminish the entanglement between spins and that at high enough temperatures the entanglement vanishes altogether. The time and temperature dependence of the entanglement is different for the two models that are studied.


A central question in the study of altruism has been whether there is a systematic gender difference in giving behavior. Many experiments, using a modified version of the dictator game, have revealed an interesting pattern: male subjects are more altruistic when the price of giving is low and female subjects are more altruistic when the price of giving is high. In the modified dictator game, however, a key variable in a person's decision to give is what that person expects to receive. Systematic differences in those expectations may contribute to systematic differences in altruistic behavior. We show that gender differences in these expectations are, indeed, part of the larger story in exploring gender differences in altruistic giving. When expectations of receiving are endogenous, we replicate the standard finding. When expectations of receiving are uniform rather than endogenous, gender differences in price sensitivity disappear: male and female dictators give equal amounts regardless of the relative price of giving. This suggests that gender differences in expectations about others' giving are part of the larger pattern of giving behavior.


The 1693 earthquake was a disastrous event that struck south-eastern Sicily, in southern Italy. The disaster damaged several towns such as Catania, Acireale, Noto, Ragusa, Siracusa, Scicli, Modica and Palazzolo, and destroyed the majority of their monuments. The degree and extent of the damage caused by the earthquake prompted an architectural revival in the towns of Sicily, a style that has become known as "Sicilian Baroque". Many of the public buildings, palazzi, cathedrals and churches were reconstructed in this style and at this time, these cities represented a considerable collective undertaking, successfully carried out at a high level of architectural and artistic achievement. One of the most representative examples of the Sicilian Baroque style are the balconies, supported by console brackets adorned with apotropaic masks; monumental portals with richly decorated voussoirs and keystones. This paper aims to investigate some of these elements: Palazzo Beneventano in Sicily, decorated with very expressive and grotesque apotropaic masks; the balconies of Palazzo Zacco in Ragusa with sculptures representing a mermaid and musicians playing maracas, flutes and trumpets; the balconies of Palazzo Nicolaci in Noto, in which every single console brackets is decorated in different ways: mermaids, winged horses, lions, cherubs; the balcony of Palazzo Judica Caruso in Palazzolo Acreide, the longest balcony in the world with its 27 console brackets. These architectural elements are very important in reporting the Baroque period of Sicilian's history and represent the culmination and final flowering of Baroque art in Europe. The understanding and awareness of historical values is important for treasuring and preserving this unique historic, and non-reproducible, heritage.


In view of the fact that supply strategies alone could not solve urban congestion, many cities around the globe have adopted Transport Demand Management (TDM) strategies as part and partial of their congestion mitigation plan. TDM comprises several strategies and policies that aim to modifying travelers' behaviour. TDM comprises strategies and policies that are different in nature which can be divided into several categories according to how they affect travelers' behavior. Selecting and determining suitable TDM strategies for a particular congestion mitigation goal can be a complex task; thus requires expertise. In this regards, the effectiveness of a TDM strategy is primarily depending on whether its selection was appropriately examined prior to its field implementation. This paper presents the development of an expert system shell for TDM. The process of organizing the available knowledge of TDM strategies, as well as the process leading to the selection of one or more strategy advice, is encoded in the knowledge based expert system shell developed for the purpose by using shell expert system Kappa-PC version 2.4 which was adopted object oriented approach and high resolution graphical user interface. The advice given from the working system was evaluated and validated by comparing the output of the system against the recommendations made by transportation professionals. The evaluations indicate favourable results for the system. The expert advisory system can be used as a decision support system as well as a teaching tool for junior transportation engineers, planners, private developers, and government officials.


The 'temp track', a temporary mock-up of a film's soundtrack, is assembled from pre-existing music prior to the real, commissioned score being composed. An integral element of the post-production process of American feature films, it survives only in its role for audience previews. Constructed by a music editor, in most cases, it is a blueprint of a film's soundtrack – a musical topography of score, songs, culture and codes in which a balance must obtain between the director's vision, the music's function, underlying requirements of genre, and the spectator's perception. This article demonstrates that the temp track informs compositional practices and the final score, and makes the argument that textual analysis would benefit from the recognition of the role of production practices. Drawing on published sources and interviews with practitioners, this article provides historical context and musical detail, and shows how productive analysis can be when it draws on practitioners' insights as well as textual analysis. Film score analysis must not begin and end with the finished film score but must utilise a more eclectic methodology which takes into account the production process. Film score analysis should reflect the constitutive nature of film and film music.


This article analyzes an interpreter-mediated speech event from Spanish into Italian. In the case study, the interactional dominance of the main speaker and his communicative style repeatedly challenge the participatory status and the face of the interpreter, who is constantly coping with the speaker's attempts to involve her in the interaction as an entertainment resource. Although the communicative setting — a book presentation — is typical of conference interpreting events, this encounter was structured unconventionally as an informal story-telling session interspersed with several ad-libs and impromptu conversation exchanges with other participants, all interpreted in the short consecutive mode. The high degree of interactivity that emerged among the participants suggested the adoption of a qualitative multidisciplinary approach which, in addition to conference interpreting research, also draws on dialogue and media interpreting, as well as sister disciplines such as social psychology and conversation analysis in intercultural settings.


We demonstrate fabrication of multidirectional and hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) films on diverse substrates, using nanocomposite catalyst films prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. CNT density and yield are controlled by the thickness of a montmorillonite clay/poly(dyallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (MTM/PDDA) support film. Using identical methods, few-walled CNTs are grown on flat silicon substrates, carbon fibers, and titanium wire mesh. On flat substrates, unique bilayer CNT forests, reminiscent of microscale "accordions", form because of diffusion of the Fe catalyst through the support which is then split because of mechanical forces exerted by the growing CNTs. Electrochemical measurements of CNT-coated Ti wires demonstrate an 85-fold enhancement in specific capacitance, and 7.1 F/g for the CNTs alone. This novel approach to substrate engineering for CNT growth can create materials with unique and nonlinear properties by hierarchical ordering of CNTs at multiple length scales, and is scala...


SIGNIFICANCE
Vision charts comprising single Lea symbols surrounded by either flanking bars or flanking Lea symbols are available for measurement of visual acuity in children. However, the results obtained with such charts may not be interchangeable owing to potential differences in the crowding effect.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare habitual visual acuity in a sample of young children using two versions of the single Lea symbols charts with different crowding features.

METHODS
Monocular habitual visual acuity was measured in a sample of 77 young children aged between 4 and 6 years using crowded Lea symbols charts with either flanking bars separated from the central symbol by 0.5 optotype width or flanking Lea optotypes separated from the central symbol by 1.0 optotype width.

RESULTS
Mean visual acuity was higher (i.e., lower logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) with the Lea symbols crowded using flanking optotypes, equivalent to about 1.5 optotype difference. Visual acuity measured with the two charts was significantly correlated; however, the 95% limits of agreement were larger than expected from repeatability studies using Lea symbols.

CONCLUSIONS
Lea symbols with flanking optotypes resulted in higher visual acuity than the Lea symbols with flanking bars, probably as a result of differences in the crowding effect. The two charts showed insufficient agreement, and we do not recommend their use interchangeably. We recommend using the Lea symbols with flanking bars because of the closer flanker-target separation.


A system for removing iron and manganese in groundwater, based on biofiltration technology, was developed at the Center of Sanitary Engineering of the National University of Rosario, Argentina. This process has been successfully applied in several new water treatment plants in Argentina. This paper describes the transformation of an existing plant for iron and manganese removal in groundwater from physicochemical to biofiltration processes. In the existing plant, iron and manganese removal was performed by a lime decarbonation process with the addition of four chemical products. A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of its transformation using biofiltration. The project included physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the water to be treated, a survey of existing facilities, pilot plant tests, and the design and construction of modifications. The operation of the transformed plant started in October 2011, and after the initial period of start-up, the concentrations of iron and manganese in treated water were below the values stated in the regulations. With the new scheme the use of chemicals was avoided, the operation was simplified and as a consequence the operating costs were reduced significantly.


Congress enacted the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in 2008 to end discriminatory health insurance coverage for persons with mental health and substance use disorders in large employer health plans. Adopting a comprehensive regulatory approach akin to other civil rights laws, the Parity Act requires "equity" in all plan features, including cost-sharing, durational limits and, most critically, the plan management practices that are used to deny many families medically necessary behavioral health care. Beginning in 2014, all health plans regulated by the Affordable Care Act must also comply with parity standards, effectively ending the second-class insurance status of persons with these disorders. With the legal framework in place, this Article examines whether the Parity Act will achieve its promise of equitable health care coverage. It concludes that two structural features — the complexity of the Act's standards and the health plan's control of all data needed to assess compliance — render enforcement by consumers exceedingly difficult. Enforcement is further jeopardized by the federal regulators' failure to articulate a standard to implement the most fundamental aspect of the law — the required scope of behavioral health services — and to provide sufficient guidance on the law's most contentious provision — regulation of plan management practices. To address these enforcement limitations, the Article provides a detailed explanation of the Parity Act's standards, offers interpretive guidance to resolve key questions and recommends implementation strategies to enhance consumer notification and demonstration of parity compliance. Additional, yet modest, compliance requirements are needed to ensure that the Parity Act achieves its remedial goal.


Transcription initiation from within the coding regions of genes has been observed in budding yeast as a natural phenomenon induced by environmental changes. However, such 'internal initiation' events have also been observed in mutant yeast strains with aberrant chromatin structure. Failure to suppress initiation from cryptic internal promoters is thought to result from either loss of appropriate nucleosome density or loss of appropriate histone modifications in the coding region. PRY3 is a gene previously shown to undergo internal initiation in response to mating pheromone. This project aimed to uncover which factors are involved in suppressing inappropriate transcription initiation from an internal TATA-box at PRY3 in the absence of mating pheromone. This work demonstrates that factors controlling nucleosome density (Spt6, Spn1 and Spt10) but not histone deacetylation (Eaf3) are required to suppress internal initiation at PRY3 in the absence of mating pheromone. In addition, TATA-box binding protein (TBP) is required for internal initiation at PRY3. Taken together, these results indicate that internal initiation at PRY3 is predominantly suppressed by a nucleosome reassembly mechanism rather than histone modifications, and suggest that the transcriptional output at PRY3 is controlled by competition between TBP and nucleosomes for binding an internal TATA-box.


Abstract. Organics dominate the composition of the atmospheric aerosol, especially in the fine mode, influencing some of its characteristics such as the hygroscopicity, which is of climatic relevance for the Earth system. This study targets an improvement in the description of organic aerosols suitable for large-scale modelling, making use of recent developments based on laboratory and field measurements. In addition to the organic mass and particle number distribution, the proposed method keeps track of the oxidation state of the aerosol based on the OH exposure time, describing some of its chemical characteristics. This study presents the application of the method in a global chemistry climate model, investigates the sensitivity to process formulations and emission assignments, provides a comparison with observations and analyses the climate impact. Even though the organic aerosol mass distribution is hardly affected by the new formulation, it shows impacts (regionally of the order of 10 % to 20 %) on parameters directly influencing climate via the direct and indirect aerosol effects. Furthermore, the global distribution of the organic O:C ratio is analysed in detail, leading to different regimes in the oxidation state: low O:C ratios over the tropical continents due to small OH concentrations caused by OH depletion in chemical reactions, and enhanced oxidation states over the tropical oceans based on less OH scavengers and at high altitudes due to longer atmospheric residence time. Due to the relation between O:C ratio and the aerosol hygroscopicity the ageing results in a more physically and chemically consistent description of aerosol water uptake by the organic aerosol. In comparison with observations reasonable agreement for the O:C ratio within the limits of a global model of the simulations is achieved.


India has witnessed fairly high economic growth since economic liberalisation started in 1991. However, agriculture has remained excluded from the growth experienced in other economic sectors. This growth paradox has serious implications for the agricultural land use pattern. This study uses the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis to examine the impact of agricultural technology and economic development on agricultural land expansion in India. Panel data regression is performed on an unbalanced sample covering information from 25 Indian states for the period 1990 to 2008. Our results suggest a nonlinear (N shaped) relationship between agricultural land expansion and Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) per capita. Two incomes turning points, showing the level of NSDP per capita at which inflection between agricultural land expansion and NSDP per capita takes place, occur at INR 20986.14 and INR 42855.10 respectively. We find mixed results as far as the impact of technological variables on agricultural land expansion is concerned. The study concludes that rapid economic growth in the post liberalisation period has failed to reverse agricultural land expansion in India.


The objective of this study was to examine the association of chronotropic response (CR) and heart rate (HR) recovery- two indices of cardiovascular function within the context of a graded exercise test- with cognitive performance in a cognitively healthy, late-middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ninety participants (age = 63.52±5.86 years; 65.6% female) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. They underwent graded exercise testing and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment that assessed the following four cognitive domains: Immediate Memory, Verbal & Learning Memory, Working Memory, and Speed & Flexibility. Regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, and education, were used to examine the association between CR, HR recovery, and cognition. We found significant associations between CR and cognitive performance in the domains of Immediate Memory, Verbal Learning & Memory, and Speed & Flexibility. In contrast, HR recovery was not significantly associated with cognitive function. The association between CR and cognition persisted even after controlling for HR recovery. Together, these findings indicatethat, in a cognitively normal, late-middle-aged cohort, CR is a stronger correlate of cognitive performance than HR recovery. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that cardiovascular health plays an important role in cognitive function, specifically in a cohort at risk for AD; and that interventions that promote vascular health may be a viable pathway to preventing or slowing cognitive decline due to AD.


Paul Lelaud France 1942-1944 I couldn't see the four fires, but I could smell them, the scent of burning paraffin and wood coming thickly in waves of smoke across the field. My heart started thumping again. Surely if we could smell the fires, others could as well. A German patrol would smell them for sure! Then I was aware of a large shape looming up in the night sky, its wings wide. It was the biggest thing I had ever seen. There were no lights showing on it. Down, down, down it came, lower and lower. I could hear the sound of its engine slowing and I thought with alarm, "If it goes any slower it will crash in the field, and what will we do then? Paul Leland is a 13-year-old boy living in rural France. He has been living under Nazi occupation since 1940. Working with the Resistance cell in his village, Paul is a crucial figure in the 'escape route' for allied POWs and agents.


Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has committed the government to do what is needed to ensure Canada meets or exceeds its national climate targets under the Paris Agreement. While he has promised to work collaboratively with the provinces in establishing a pan-Canadian clean growth and climate framework, it is clear that some new federal climate laws will be required. There are many factors involved in selecting and designing climate policies, one of which is constitutional jurisdiction. This article analyzes Parliament's authority to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and implement a carbon price, either through a national carbon tax, a national emissions trading scheme or other regulations. Taking into account recent jurisprudence and previous scholarship, the article considers five federal powers: the national concern and emergency powers of Peace, Order and Good Government (P.O.G.G.), criminal law, taxation, trade and commerce, and the declaratory power. It also considers the spending power. The analysis shows that there is ample authority within the Constitution for a strong federal role in regulating GHG emissions and pricing carbon without displacing appropriately scoped provincial climate programs. While thoughtful legislative drafting will be important, ultimately the Canadian Constitution's division of powers is adequately equipped to deal with what may be the greatest public policy challenge of our time. In fact, climate change is perhaps the quintessential issue for engaging the tools of cooperative federalism and progressive interpretation of our Constitution.


This case study research examined the process of secondary school students creating and sharing site-specific artworks online as part of their environmental art production assignment. Student participant perceptions of the production of their placebased sculptures, as well as their palimpsest artworks, are examined within the context of interactive posting of images and commentary within a social media platform. Participants' responses point to several critical factors in the organization and active operation of visual art assignments in which students engaged via a digital sharing site (e.g., students' online posting needs resemble their offline communication needs). Although enthusiastic about producing environmental artwork, students did not appear to demonstrate the same level of interest in the online sharing element. The following factors emerged as being influential regarding online student enthusiasm: the establishment of trust by way of familiarization of the platform and the other participants; the inclusion of accepted mentors and/or teachers; the assurance of safety of the site; the building of some sort of joint purpose and community; the affirmation that posting would not lower their grade; and the possibility of additional face-to-face sharing of artworks if the circumstances would allow for it. All of these factors were also likely heightened due to the sensitive nature of sharing one's art production in process, especially during adolescence.


In this research we consider rural out-migration from two study sites in western Pará in the Amazon Basin. Here we argue that out-migration is strongly influenced by historical context, and by the legacy institutions associated with each site's period of colonization. We support our argument with longitudinal survey data collected from the rural surroundings of Altamira and Santarém. Our data suggest that rural out-migration is significantly higher from Altamira, the more recently colonized study site. They also indicate that measures of wealth, including access to cattle, property, and housing, artifacts of the institutional periods under which the two study sites were first founded, now exhibit highly divergent influences on migration decisions. We then argue that the varying institutional and historical contexts that once shaped in-migration into the eastern Amazon Basin are now reshaping present day out-migration from the region.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate definitions of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) for use in longitudinal epidemiologic studies of disease incidence in women.

METHODS
We studied 5,839 women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures who had had serial pelvic radiographs obtained (mean of 8.3 years apart) and who were followed up (mean followup 7.1 years from the time of the second radiograph) for evaluation of clinical outcomes. Definitions of RHOA were assessed for construct validity (association with symptoms and signs at the time of the second radiograph) and predictive validity (association with total hip replacement [THR] and signs and symptoms a mean of 7.1 years later). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of association using logistic regression.

RESULTS
The cumulative incidence of RHOA ranged from 2.2% to 11.7%. All definitions displayed significant construct validity; the most consistent was found for composite definitions that required the concurrent presence of 2 or more individual radiographic features and definitions based on stringent criteria for joint space narrowing. All definitions except minimum joint space < or =2.5 mm displayed consistent predictive validity. Composite definitions had the strongest associations with THR (OR 10.5-18.5) and hip pain (OR 2.6-2.9). The hips identified as having OA by each definition varied, with especially small overlap between findings using definitions based on osteophytes and those using definitions based on joint space narrowing alone.

CONCLUSION
Most definitions of incident RHOA display good construct and predictive validity. Composite definitions have the best overall performance, and definitions requiring the presence of both osteophytes (in particular, femoral osteophytes) and joint space narrowing would be recommended for most epidemiologic and genetic studies.


For the wrapped phase map with regional abnormal fringes, a new phase unwrapping algorithm that combines the image-inpainting theory and the quality-guided phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed. First, by applying a threshold to the modulation map, the valid region (i.e., the interference region) is divided into the doubtful region (called the target region during the inpainting period) and the reasonable one (the source region). The wrapped phase of the doubtful region is thought to be unreliable, and the data are abandoned temporarily. Using the region-filling image-inpainting method, the blank target region is filled with new data, while nothing is changed in the source region. A new wrapped phase map is generated, and then it is unwrapped with the quality-guided phase unwrapping algorithm. Finally, a postprocessing operation is proposed for the final result. Experimental results have shown that the performance of the proposed algorithm is effective.


Weather data is fundamental for effective IPM, crucial for preventing crop loss, and essential for documenting damaging weather conditions. Over the last several years the New York State IPM Program's Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) has expanded through the work of Cornell University faculty, Extension educators, the Northeast Regional Climate Center, RainWise Inc. and farmers. Several apple producers, from Nassau to Niagara counties, recently installed weather stations in the network. RainWise, Inc. retrofitted their weather stations with leaf wetness sensors, developed and upgraded their software to deliver data to NEWA. NEWA's website, delivering the weather app's, was fully redesigned and launched November 2009: newa. cornell.edu. Our audience consists primarily of high-value fruit and vegetable producers. Workshops and presentations on NEWA were provided for these producers who offered suggestions for NEWA improvements. For apples, faculty revised and created pest forecast model web pages for apple scab, fire blight, sooty blotch/flyspeck, apple maggot, codling moth, obliquebanded leafroller, oriental fruit moth, plum curculio, and spotted tentiform leafminer. An apple evapo-transpiration model is in development and an apple carbohydrate model for thinning has become a proven success. These resources are made possible through coordination by the NYS IPM Program of a network of on-the-ground weather stations delivering weather data for its automated application to agricultural risk management.