High-efficiency and high-selectivity catalytic oxidation of alkanes under mild conditions with air is a major aim of current catalytic chemistry and chemical production. Despite extensive development efforts on new catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation, current commercial processes still suffer from low conversion, poor selectivity, and excessive production of waste. Here, we present the design and synthesis of gold nanoparticle/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites for high-efficiency and high-selectivity photocatalyst systems for the green oxidation of cyclohexane. Remarkably, Au nanoparticles confined in carbon nanotubes (Au-in-CNTs) are photocatalytically active for the oxidation of cyclohexane with 14.64% conversion of cyclohexane and a high selectivity of 86.88% of cyclohexanol using air and visible light at room temperature. Given its diversity and versatility of structural and composition design, gold nanoparticle/CNT composites may provide a powerful pathway for the development of high-performance catalysts and production processes for green chemical industry.


Introduction: Recognizing tooth health condition in each region is essential in order to take prevention measures. Dental exam is the most effective way of determining tooth health condition. The aim of this study was to determine decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT( indices and their related factors in 7-12 year old students in the city of Bandar Abbas in 2014. Methods: In this descriptive - analytical cross sectional study a total of 768 school children (384 girls and 384 boys) were randomly selected from schools. Pupils were examined clinically for dental caries according to world health organization criteria (DMFT) and dental caries prevalence. Dental examinations of students were done under artificial light, using explorer, glove, mask, flash light and dental mirrors and results were recorded in world health organization standard form. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 Software and Chi- Square tests. The differentiations with P<0/05 were significant. Results: Dental caries prevalence "overall" was 65.2, in permanent dentition. The mean DMFT index was 1.61 in girls and 1.98 in boys. The mean DMFT index (total) was 1.8. Comparing means of DMFT index showed significant differences between the gender (P=0.009) and age (P=0.001). Conclusion: Dental caries prevalence among 7-12 years-old school children in Bandar Abbas is higher than the global standard of WHO. The current study has identified a very high prevalence of caries among school children with male gender status. Therefore, improving the existing dental services and performing early oral education, prevention and treatment programs for school children seems to be necessary in the future.


INTRODUCTION When we examine the historical contributions that early African American scholars made to the field of multicultural education, one individual we should not ignore is Allison Davis (1902-1983). Though Davis spent his entire professional life trying to understand the influences of race, class, and culture on educational development, his work has gone largely unnoticed in recent years (Harrison, 1988). Whatever the reasons for this obscurity, this article presents a case for the need to reexamine his work-work that contains important insights for he field of multicultural education. Allison Davis believed that educational institutions, because they are strongly influenced by race, class, and culture, cannot work in isolation. Through his books, most notably Children of Bondage: The Personality Development of Negro Youth in the Urban South (1940, with John Dollard), Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (1941, with Burleigh B. Gardner and Mary R. Gardner), and Social-Class Influences Upon Learning (1948), Davis showed that it is essential to examine all facets of students' lives if we are to adequately provide them with appropriate educational experiences. This article examines the life and work of Allison Davis from three perspectives: first, it provides biographical information to help place Davis in the context of his time and influences; second, it presents an examination of his three major works and a discussion of their relevance for contemporary educational researchers and practitioners; third, it discusses his contribution to our present understanding of multicultural education by examining contemporary works in relation to his ideas. A BIOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE(1) Allison Davis was born in Washington, D.C., on October 10, 1902. He grew up at a time in U.S. history when the country was experiencing economic prosperity and tremendous social change. Having shown an abundance of academic promise while in high school, Davis enrolled at Williams College in Massachusetts in 1920. He continued to excel academically at Williams, where he majored in English and graduated summa cum laude in 1924 with a bachelor of arts degree. Encouraged by his academic success as an undergraduate, Davis applied for and was accepted as a graduate student at Harvard University in 1924, where he received a master's degree in English in 1925. Between 1925 and 1932, Davis taught English Literature at Hampton Institute (now University) in Virginia and was a research associate at Yale University's Institute for Human Relations. One of his most renowned students at Hampton was St. Clair Drake, who became a noted sociologist. In 1932, Davis returned to Harvard to pursue another master's degree in anthropology. After completing his studies at Harvard, Davis was awarded a fellowship from the Julius Rosenwald Fund that enabled him to study at the London School of Economics under the direction of Bronislaw Malinowski, author of Magic, Science and Religion (1948), and Lancelot Hogben, author of Political Arithmetic (1938). In 1933, as the U.S. was beginning to recover from the effects of the Depression, Davis and his wife Elizabeth returned from Europe and moved to Mississippi with fellow social anthropologists Burleigh and Mary Gardner to conduct a study on the class and caste system within that state. The Davises collected data on the Black subjects, while the Gardners managed the White subjects. Their findings became the basis for Deep South. After completing the Mississippi study, Davis began a five-year teaching assignment at Dillard University in New Orleans. 1939, he received a second fellowship award, which enabled him to attend the University of Chicago in pursuit of his doctoral degree. By 1940, Davis was offered a teaching position at the university, making him the first African American professor ever to be hired by that institution. From this position, he continued the work he had begun with his studies on class and caste in the U. …


Background: Indians are genetically predisposed to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), hence it is worth studying the effect of genetic polymorphisms which affect CAD development including Low- Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in our population. Studies have found that there is a considerable variation in the genetic makeup of Indians with distinct genetic groups having been identified-one such being Dravidian Tamil population. Aim:We aimed to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of genes associated with LDL-C lipid levels as well as those associated with statin metabolic pathway in 100 healthy South Indian Tamil volunteers. Results:The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of the genetic polymorphisms of HMGCR rs5908, rs17238540 and rs12916 were 0.5, 3.5 and 41% respectively. The MAF of LDLR rs688, CYP7A1 rs3808607, ABCB1 rs1128503, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 were 26, 42, 41.5 and 7% respectively. The frequencies of the genetic polymorphisms studied show considerable variation from other Indian ethnic groups in 5 out of the 7 genetic polymorphisms studied. Conclusion: Considerable variations in frequencies of genetic polymorphisms were found between Tamil population and other major ethnic populations worldwide with respect to HMGCR rs17238540 and LDLR rs688. Key words: Genetic polymorphisms, Genotype frequency, Tamilians, Healthy volunteers, LDL-C, Statin pathway.


Abstract The present paper explores patients' experience of lived space at the hospital and at home. To expand the understanding of the existential meaning of lived space the study revisited two empirical studies and a study of a meta-synthesis on health and caring. Phenomenological philosophy was chosen as a theoretical framework for an excursive analysis. The paper demonstrates that existential dimensions of lived space at the hospital and at home differ significantly. For the patients, the hospital space means alien territory as opposed to the familiar territory of home. To some extent the experienced differences are due to the physical environment; however, as our analysis shows, other and more significant meanings are also involved. For patients, lived space at the hospital primarily concerns the influence of complex institutional power structures and specific cultural and social conventions, e.g. the role of the good patient and the ambiance of hospitals. Home, on the other hand, offers familiar lived space in which patients feel protected and safe. Further, the paper relates patients' experience of lived space to a phenomenological view of lived space in order to illustrate the radical influence of illness on patients' lifeworld and experience of lived space. The combination of illness and general discomfort may influence patients' experience of home negatively; the former experience of home as a sanctuary changes into feelings of being left on one's own and burdened by too much responsibility. Consequently, in the light of the increasing focus on patients' self-monitoring at home, it is important for healthcare professionals to recognize the influence of spatial aspects on patients' well-being both at the hospital and at home.


A 4-b/sample transform coder is designed using a psychoacoustically derived noise-making threshold that is based on the short-term spectrum of the signal. The coder has been tested in a formal subjective test involving a wide selection of monophonic audio inputs. The signals used in the test were of 15-kHz bandwidth, sampled at 32 kHz. The bit rate of the resulting coder was 128 kb/s. The subjective test shows that the coded signal could not be distinguished from the original at that bit rate. Subsequent informal work suggests that a bit rate of 96 kb/s may maintain transparency for the set of inputs used in the test. >


Bariatric surgery is an efficient method to induce weight loss and also, frequently, remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Unpaired studies have shown bariatric surgery and dietary interventions to differentially affect multiple hormonal and metabolic parameters, suggesting that bariatric surgery causes T2D remission at least partially via unique mechanisms. In the current study, plasma metabolite profiling was conducted in patients with (n = 10) and without T2D (n = 9) subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Mixed-meal tests were conducted at baseline, after the presurgical very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) intervention, immediately after RYGB, and after a 6-week recovery period. Thereby, we could compare fasted and postprandial metabolic consequences of RYGB and VLCD in the same patients. VLCD yielded a pronounced increase in fasting acylcarnitine levels, whereas RYGB, both immediately and after a recovery period, resulted in a smaller but opposite effect. Furthermore, we observed profound changes in lipid metabolism following VLCD but not in response to RYGB. Most changes previously associated with RYGB were found to be consequences of the presurgical dietary intervention. Overall, our results question previous findings of unique metabolic effects of RYGB and suggest that the effect of RYGB on the metabolite profile is mainly attributed to caloric restriction.


Powerfully driven by the work practices of consulting firms, the presentation software Microsoft PowerPoint is increasingly used on all levels of business and educational communication. Nevertheless, slideware ranks among the least explored media in communication studies. This study investigates the role of PowerPoint in organizational communication, particularly in terms of a functional dilemma between its application for documentation as opposed to presentation purposes. The theoretical part of the analysis combines insights from both organizational communication studies (J. R. Taylor et al.) and social systems theory (N. Luhmann et al.). The empirical analysis shows that PowerPoint documents created for cross-project learning purposes contribute to an invisibilization rather than a visibilization of decision processes and their contingency. In the light of these results, existing efforts to promote knowledge management based on the learning-from-mistakes principle need to be reconsidered with respect to their realization in communicative practice.


The goal of this dissertation is to increase understanding of individual differences in vulnerability for and resilience to trauma in military personnel. Specifically, the studies in this dissertation examined clinical symptoms and personality profiles of Dutch peacekeepers and sought to elucidate how personality may moderate risk and resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in soldiers and veterans. Personality affects the development of trauma-related psychopathology at different stages. It may play a role in the development of PTSD by affecting the risk of exposure to trauma and / or by influencing the individual's potential to effectively deal with stress and trauma. Although the cross-sectional studies in this dissertation foreclose inferences on causality, we demonstrated that healthy soldiers who report more childhood trauma display personality traits that were previously associated with interpersonal problems and mental disorders. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that personality may affect coping resources and behaviour. Hardiness facilitates coping by increasing social support and the use of problem oriented coping behaviour whereas increased neuroticism has opposite effects. Personality may also affect the course of PTSD: personality traits neuroticism and optimism are directly related (in opposite directions) to concurrent symptom severity. Personality vulnerability and resilience factors are closely related. The absence of the former can imply the presence of the latter. However, in some instances it is difficult to disentangle risks from resilience. This dissertation demonstrated that the personality trait of neuroticism is closely (inversely) related to optimism and hardiness, and that both adaptive and maladaptive personality traits can be related to similar underlying biological systems. That is, both harm avoidance and self-directedness are related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning as measured by the increase in salivary cortisol after awakening. Finally, the need for effective prevention and treatment programs for stress-related disorders in peacekeeping veterans is illustrated by two studies that showed that Dutch veterans with (chronic) PTSD symptoms report diffuse psychiatric symptoms and personality problems, not too dissimilar from what was previously observed in Vietnam veterans, and that their symptoms are difficult to treat. In conclusion, this dissertation demonstrates that personality is an important determinant of post-traumatic morbidity and functioning. Therefore, personality assessment can aid in improving screening programs and may prove useful to optimize military training and treatment programs. However, a number of issues need to be resolved before personality psychology can fulfil its full potential. These include addressing the need for more sophisticated and 'fine-grained' assessment procedures on the one hand, and providing more insight into the dynamic relationship between trauma and personality on the other.


Voice conversion has recently emerged as an interesting branch of speech processing that deals with the modification of a speaker's perceived identity. This technology has applications in speech recognition, the entertainment and security industries. This paper provides a brief introduction to current voice conversion approaches, and discusses the development of the PASS system, a parametric voice conversion algorithm based on static speaker characteristics. The system is easy to implement, requires no phonetic transcription of the speech data, and is shown to be valuable in the case where very little training data is available. Particular mention is made of the pitch extraction subsystem, which uses a novel pitch determination algorithm to ensure the robust estimation of pitch statistics.


Haplotype phasing of genetic variants is important for interpretation of the maize genome, population genetic analysis, and functional genomic analysis of allelic activity. Accordingly, accurate methods for phasing full-length isoforms are essential for functional genomics study. In this study, we performed an isoform-level phasing study in maize, using two inbred lines and their reciprocal crosses, based on single-molecule full-length cDNA sequencing. To phase and analyze full-length transcripts between hybrids and parents, we developed a tool called IsoPhase. Using this tool, we validated the majority of SNPs called against matching short read data and identified cases of allele-specific, gene-level, and isoform-level expression. Our results revealed that maize parental and hybrid lines exhibit different splicing activities. After phasing 6,847 genes in two reciprocal hybrids using embryo, endosperm and root tissues, we annotated the SNPs and identified large-effect genes. In addition, based on single-molecule sequencing, we identified parent-of-origin isoforms in maize hybrids, different novel isoforms between maize parent and hybrid lines, and imprinted genes from different tissues. Finally, we characterized variation in cis- and trans-regulatory effects. Our study provides measures of haplotypic expression that could increase power and accuracy in studies of allelic expression.


Nowadays, mastering the German language and understanding the cultures of German-speaking countries are skills that have become a rarity, and which are highly sought after in the job market. Germany is France's primary business and cultural partner, and the largest economy in the European Union. French/ German experts are currently in high demand in France, as are those who have a good command of both written and oral German. Our programme of study gives students strong proficiencies in German language and translation (French into German), but also in all cultural facets of German-speaking countries: the arts, cinema, theatre and literature, as well as the political, economic and historical spheres. International partnerships From the second year of undergraduate study, the emphasis is on total immersion in a German-speaking country, by means of one of our many exchange programmes that are integral to this programme of study: * the programme for the training of French-German experts (PEA) at University of Gottingen in conjunction with the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), in L2; * Erasmus exchanges with our partner universities (Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Graz, Salzburg, Winterthur etc.); * the 'Hambord' Programme (French-German history option, in partnership with University of Hamburg). In a nutshell...


Platforms have evolved beyond just being organized as multi-sided markets with complementors selling to users. Complementors are often unpaid, working outside of a price system and driven by heterogeneous sources of motivation — which should affect how they respond to platform growth. Does reliance on network effects and strategies to attract large numbers of complementors remain advisable in such contexts? We test hypotheses related to these issues using data from 85 online multi-player game platforms with unpaid complementors. We find that complementor development responds to platform growth even without sales incentives, but that attracting complementors has a net zero effect on on-going development and fails to stimulate network effects. We discuss conditions under which a strategy of using unpaid crowd complementors remains advantageous.


David Peace is an emerging author who is widely read and taught, and whose novels are increasingly translated into commercial film (The Damned United, March 2009) and television (Channel 4 adaptation of the Red Riding Quartet, March 2009). Dr. Katy Shaw's book provides a challenging but accessible critical introduction to his work through a detailed analysis of his writing, as well as the socio-cultural contexts of its production and dissemination. The author explores Peace's attempts to capture the sensibilities of late twentieth century society and contributes to an ongoing debate in the media about Peace's representations. Influenced by critical theory, the text will be the first secondary resource concerning this rising star of contemporary British literature …While UK readers will seek insight into the socio-cultural contexts of England's regions (and in particular his writing on the Yorkshire Ripper and the 1984-5 miners' strike), Peace also has a following in the US where both The Damned United and Red Riding are set to receive a national cinema release in 2009/10. This broad international appeal and readership will be explored and discussed, especially in the context of crime fiction and social engagement. This text is the first critical resource concerning this author and will cover the full body of Peace's writings to date, the debates this work has generated, and the often contentious representations offered by his novels.


As the climate continues to warm, phenologies of organisms across a variety of taxa are continuing to change. These changes are resulting in potential mismatches in resource acquisition. Specifically, migratory birds are experiencing population declines as a result of their food resources emerging at different times in their breeding grounds. I have shown how these food-timing mismatches are resulting in population declines in a range of migratory bird species, from passerines to shorebirds to hummingbirds. A failure to match their migration timing with resource availability in breeding grounds could result in significant population declines in migratory birds.


This paper reviews Brazil's growth performance over the last quarter of a century and discusses the main determinants of a pick-up in growth since the mid-1990s. Emphasis is placed on the policy pay-offs associated with a consolidation of macroeconomic adjustment, which is a pre-condition for sustained growth. Structural reform based on a liberalization of the county's trade and investment regimes have also generated productivity gains that have supported growth. The paper also discusses a number of policy challenges that will need to be addressed in the coming years to ensure that high growth can sustained over the longer term.


Segmentation of subcortical structures in the brain has become an increasingly
important topic in contemporary medicine. The ability to effi ciently isolate different
regions of the human brain has allowed doctors and technicians to become
more e fficient in the diagnosis of mental disorders and the evaluation of the patient
conditions.
An area of the brain whose possible segmentation has received particular attention
is the Nucleus Accumbens, which is believed to play a central role in the reward
circuit. In fact, studies of volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
have shown neuroanatomical abnormalities of this structure in adult attention defficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and speci cally a smaller average volume
of the region.
The use of a reliable automated segmentation method would therefore represent
an extremely helpful and e fficient tool for identifying this disorder, especially when
compared to manual volume labeling methods, which often turn out to be tedious
and extremely time-consuming.
However, automatic segmentation of the Accumbens is extremely di fficult to obtain,
due to the lack of contrast with the surrounding structures. This means that
most conventional segmentation methods are useless for this purpose, and makes
the segmentation method selection a very delicate procedure.
Consequently, the main objective of the thesis is the implementation of a robust
algorithm for segmenting the Nucleus Accumbens structure.
The research project aims to apply pre-existing segmentation methods to the Nucleus
Accumbens, moving then to an evaluation of such methods and an estimation
of how e ffective they are. Diff erent segmentation methods were used for this
purpose; firstly, the standard Atlas Segmentation Approach was used, showing
generally poor results paired with long computational times and high complexity.
Moreover, this method has shown potential problems in the individuation of the
correct region, leading, in some cases, to completely wrong segmentations.
In addition to the fi rst method, Multi Atlas Segmentation and Adaptive Multi
Atlas Segmentation methods have been implemented.
The results have shown improved accuracy and better performance than the original
method.
Judging by the results, the segmentation of the Nucleus Accumbens has proven to
be an extremely complicated task, both for the dimension of the structure itself
and for the lack of contrast with the surrounding structures. In order to improve
detection accuracy, combination of multiple methods is necessary, as using a single
method for the segmentation process can lead to an incorrect labeling.


This project evaluated the sensitivities of Collelotric gleasporioides and capsici towards the fungicide Azoxystrobin. This was complemented by
morphological and genetic marker studies of the two species in order to record the
natural variation of the two species.
Twenty five cultures of C gloeosporioides were isolated from mangoes (Mangifera indica) and 22 of cultures of C. capsici isolated from chillies (Capsicum annum)
were used. They were collected from Malaysia. Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and
Taiwan. Single spore cultures were made to establish the species identity.
Isolates of both species were tested separately for fungicide sensitivity. The spore
suspension was optimised to 10.5 spores/ml for bioassays.: :The assay medium used was a glycerol based Alkyl Ester broth, amended with rates of technical azoxystrobin
at 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 ppm with blanks of Alkyl Ester broth as controls.
The tests were divided into statistical validation and actual baseline studies. For
validation studies, 6 isolates in 6 replicate test!; were used in the calculation of
experimental errors. The baseline test consisted of 3 rephcate treatments per
Azoxystrobin mte per isolate with double controls for 14 isolates of C. gloeosporioides and 15 isolates of C. capsici. The validation isolates were included
together with the baseline isolates during final analysis to give a total of20 isolate.
for C. gloeosporioides and a total of21 isolates for C. capsici.
The Alkyl Ester broth was inoculated with spore-suspensions of each isolate
separately to give a final concentration of l0⁵ spores/ml in the mixture. 60 µl
droplets of the broth-spore mixtures were incubated. in 55 mm petri dishes and
covered with cover slips. The reference isolate PMLI was included in all tests to
monitor the consistency. Assessment was done by scoring the number of spores out
of 50 that showed germ tube elongation to a minimum of twice the spore length.
Dose responses were plotted of log rate against the number of spores germinated to
derive 80% effective dose or ED₈₀ values for each isolate. This entire experiment
was repeated twice and the data analysed to determine the intra and inter
experimental variation. Sensitivity values were also calculated by linear regression
analysis using arcsine transformation of the data (ACSAPWIN). Results showed that
the ED₈₀ range for C. gloeosporioides was between 0.01 ppm to 0.1 ppm white this
was between 0.001 ppm to 0.01 ppm for C. capsici.


Abstract Cohort effects are important factors in determining the evolution of human mortality for certain countries. Extensions of dynamic mortality models with cohort features have been proposed in the literature to account for these factors under the generalised linear modelling framework. In this paper we approach the problem of mortality modelling with cohort factors incorporated through a novel formulation under a state-space methodology. In the process we demonstrate that cohort factors can be formulated naturally under the state-space framework, despite the fact that cohort factors are indexed according to year-of-birth rather than year. Bayesian inference for cohort models in a state-space formulation is then developed based on an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler, allowing for the quantification of parameter uncertainty in cohort models and resulting mortality forecasts that are used for life expectancy and life table constructions. The effectiveness of our approach is examined through comprehensive empirical studies involving male and female populations from various countries. Our results show that cohort patterns are present for certain countries that we studied and the inclusion of cohort factors are crucial in capturing these phenomena, thus highlighting the benefits of introducing cohort models in the state-space framework. Forecasting of cohort models is also discussed in light of the projection of cohort factors.


There are many things you don't know about 'The League of Gentlemen': Focusing on the award winning costume designer Yves Barre's work for The League of Gentlemen (BBC, 1999-2002), this article explores the role of the costume designer in television production. Using an anthropological method that combines original interviews with Barre, Steve Pemberton (one of the writer/performers) and Jon Plowman (the executive producer) as well as second hand material such as DVD extras, the article provides insight into the show's creative process. The underlying objective is to shed light on the costume design process – an understudied stage of television production.


Large DNA viruses rapidly evolve to defeat host defenses. Poxvirus adaptation can involve combinations of recombination-driven gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus, yet how these distinct mechanisms of genetic diversification might simultaneously facilitate adaptation to immune blocks is unknown. We performed experimental evolution with a vaccinia virus population harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. Comparisons of virus genomes using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platform allowed us to phase SNVs within large gene copy arrays for the first time, and uncovered a mechanism of adaptive SNV homogenization reminiscent of gene conversion, which is actively driven by selection. Our work reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses, and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems.


Various approaches have been proposed to publish XML/TEI scholarly editions or XML/EAD finding aids on line, but no standard XML software with a ready to use web application has yet emerged. As a possible next step after the XML mark-up of an edition or of an inventory, online publications are still a difficult issue for many projects in Digital humanities. Among available frameworks (like eXist or baseX) there is no ready to use web application to easily expose XML scholarly corpora as Linked Open Data (LOD).

Initiated by the Digital humanities network of ENS Lyon (Atelier des Humanites Numeriques de l'ENS de Lyon), SynopsX is a lightweight framework which goal is to easily publish and expose XML scholarly corpora. It's a full XQuery web application built with the native XML database BaseX. Involving different partners from various institutions the project is developed as a free and open source software under GNU, and is hosted on GitHub (https://github.com/synopsx). Three principles have guided the conception of the software: collaboration, mutualization and genericization. Thus, we decided to put together all the publication problems and needs we could encounter in our very various Digital Humanities corpora (disciplines, approaches, institutions) to specify the needs of a generic web application.

SynopsX has been conceived as a scalable and easily customizable solution for XML publication of XML files (TEI, EAD, OAI, etc.). The software brings a templating system for various renderings of XML resources according to predefined or customized mappings from XML data to various output formats. SynopsX use the BaseX implementation of Adam Retter's proposed specifications for RESTXQ. Because it allows full control on the URL scheme to build real REST applications, it could be used to expose XML corpora as Linked Open Data.

This poster will present the needs of LOD for XML corpora publication. It will explain the different strategies that could be used and how we're planning to use a RESTXQ controller with views and models to propose a tool that allows the contents exposition as LOD through a restful API.


During 2019 and 2020 there was a significant increase in the number of real- world disruptive events affecting GNSS receivers and systems. Whilst a great many of the disruptive events involved RF interference, several occurrences of spoofing or meaconing have been observed such as in the Black Sea, and during 2020 in the region of Shanghai. It was observed that GNSS equipment and systems that were not obviously intended targets of the spoofing were also affected and output false location data which was seen via print outs and displays of AIS information. Also, in 2020 a group of researchers working for an organisation active in developing Resilient GNSS products, demonstrated the impact of a spoofing impact on a highly automated motor vehicle's GNSS equipment
This paper investigates how susceptible commercial GNSS receiver are to crude GNSS spoofing events of the kind that have been reported in the real world by conducting simulated spoofing attacks on a number of receivers under laboratory conditions and monitoring a number of performance parameters throughout the testing.
A review of some of the recent real-world spoofing events and demonstrations is presented, highlighting the impacts where receivers were known to have been affected by the spoofing. From the observed impacts the likely behaviour of the receiver is assessed.
A discussion of the likely effects of replica GNSS signals on receivers is included – it is often possible for GNSS receivers to behave in a confusing manner or even to cease working altogether in the presence of counterfeit constellation signals, even though the receiver is not fully spoofed by the signals.
The authors carried out some laboratory tests to further understanding of how commercially available receivers respond to meaconing and spoofing, with the objective of developing useful test methodologies and metrics that can be used to assess the robustness and resilience of receivers to real-world spoofing threats.
The tests were undertaken in two major parts – in the first part of the testing, three commercially available receivers (A, B and C) were presented with a very simple meaconing/replay example with a scenario very similar to the event that occurred at Hanover Airport, Germany during 2010.
In the second part of the tests, the three receivers were subject to GPS spoofing at ranges of 10m, 50m and 100m. During the spoofing attacks, the power of the replica (counterfeit) GPS signals was gradually raised and then lowered.
During the simulated GPS spoofing scenarios, the Horizontal Position Error (HPE) and Root Mean Square (RMS) of the residuals were closely monitored for each of the receivers
The results from each of the GNSS Receivers (A, B and C) are discussed and the differences in behaviour – at different spoofer ranges and the variability of behaviour based on receiver model – are discussed as are the implications for impact in the real world of similar events.
The terms "resilience" and "robustness" are discussed in detail and the authors argue that the definitions that are widely used in the field of protection of Critical Infrastructure can be applied to GNSS spoofing where a system's robustness to spoofing attacks is not necessarily equivalent to the resilience of the system. Furthermore, defining these terms separately can lead to some advantages in defining meaningful test metrics. Some examples are shown to illustrate this.
The authors then go on to present a generalised approach to defining meaningful, comparable test metrics that can be used to evaluate the performance of GNSS devices to spoofing – A sample set of measurement results obtained with a Spirent benchmarking scheme is presented.
The need for responsible and full disclosure of commercial incidents is also highlighted– there is a clear need to understand and mitigate known vulnerabilities in a timely manner in the commercial sector to prevent so called "zero-day exploits".
Finally, the authors discuss how their proposed spoofing test frameworks could be expanded and used to drive significant improvements in the assessment of safety or liability critical systems performance.


Title of dissertation: Anomaly Detection in Noisy Images Xavier Gibert Serra, Ph.D. Examination, Fall 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor Rama Chellappa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Finding rare events in multidimensional data is an important detection problem that has applications in many fields, such as risk estimation in insurance industry, finance, flood prediction, medical diagnosis, quality assurance, security, or safety in transportation. The occurrence of such anomalies is so infrequent that there is usually not enough training data to learn an accurate statistical model of the anomaly class. In some cases, such events may have never been observed, so the only information that is available is a set of normal samples and an assumed pairwise similarity function. Such metric may only be known up to a certain number of unspecified parameters, which would either need to be learned from training data, or fixed by a domain expert. Sometimes, the anomalous condition may be formulated algebraically, such as a measure exceeding a predefined threshold, but nuisance variables may complicate the estimation of such a measure. Change detection methods used in time series analysis are not easily extendable to the multidimensional case, where discontinuities are not localized to a single point. On the other hand, in higher dimensions, data exhibits more complex interdependencies, and there is redundancy that could be exploited to adaptively model the normal data. In the first part of this dissertation, we review the theoretical framework for anomaly detection in images and previous anomaly detection work done in the context of crack detection and detection of anomalous components in railway tracks. In the second part, we propose new anomaly detection algorithms. The fact that curvilinear discontinuities in images are sparse with respect to the frame of shearlets, allows us to pose this anomaly detection problem as basis pursuit optimization. Therefore, we pose the problem of detecting curvilinear anomalies in noisy textured images as a blind source separation problem under sparsity constraints, and propose an iterative shrinkage algorithm to solve it. Taking advantage of the parallel nature of this algorithm, we describe how this method can be accelerated using graphical processing units (GPU). Then, we propose a new method for finding defective components on railway tracks using cameras mounted on a train. We describe how to extract features and use a combination of classifiers to solve this problem. Then, we scale anomaly detection to bigger datasets with complex interdependencies. We show that the anomaly detection problem naturally fits in the multitask learning framework. The first task consists of learning a compact representation of the good samples, while the second task consists of learning the anomaly detector. Using deep convolutional neural networks, we show that it is possible to train a deep model with a limited number of anomalous examples. In sequential detection problems, the presence of time-variant nuisance parameters affect the detection performance. In the last part of this dissertation, we present a method for adaptively estimating the threshold of sequential detectors using Extreme Value Theory on a Bayesian framework. Finally, conclusions on the results obtained are provided, followed by a discussion of possible future work. Anomaly Detection in Noisy Images by Xavier Gibert Serra Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Advisory Committee: Professor Rama Chellappa, Chair/Advisor Professor Piya Pal Professor Shuvra Bhattacharyya Professor Vishal M. Patel Professor Amitabh Varshney, Dean's Representative


We propose a development method for security protocols based on stepwise refinement. Our refinement strategy transforms abstract security goals into protocols that are secure when operating over an insecure channel controlled by a Dolev-Yao-style intruder. As intermediate levels of abstraction, we employ messageless guard protocols and channel protocols communicating over channels with security properties. These abstractions provide insights on why protocols are secure and foster the development of families of protocols sharing common structure and properties. We have implemented our method in Isabelle/HOL and used it to develop different entity authentication and key establishment protocols, including realistic features such as key confirmation, replay caches, and encrypted tickets. Our development highlights that guard protocols and channel protocols provide fundamental abstractions for bridging the gap between security properties and standard protocol descriptions based on cryptographic messages. It also shows that our refinement approach scales to protocols of nontrivial size and complexity.


In this paper, Face recognition in unconstrained illumination conditions is investigated. A two manifold contribution is proposed: 1) Firstly, Three sate of the art algorithms, namely Multiblock local Binary pattern (MBLBP), Histogram of Gabor Phase Patterns (HGPP) and Local Gabor binary pattern histogram sequence (LGBPHS) are challenged against The IRIS-M3 multispectral face data base. 2) Secondly, The Performance of the three mentioned algorithms, being drastically decreased due to the non monotonic illumination variation that distinguish the IRIS-M3 face database, This performance is enhanced using multispectral images (MI) captured in the visible spectrum. The use of MI images like near infrared images(NIR), short wave infrared images images (SWIR) or even visible images captured at different wavelengths rather then the usual RGB spectrum, is getting more and more the trust of researcher to solve problems related to uncontrolled imaging conditions that usually affect real world application like securing areas with valuable assets, controlling high traffic borders or law enforcement. However, one weakness of MI is that they may significantly increase the system processing time due to the huge quantity of data to mine (in some cases thousands of MI are captured for each subject). To solve this issue, we proposed to select the optimal spectral bands (channels) for face recognition. Best spectral bands selection will be achieved using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to increase data variance between images of different subjects(between class variance) while decreasing the variance between images of the same subject(within class variance). To avoid the problem of data overfitting that generally characterize LDA technique, we propose to include a regularization constraints that reduce the solution space of the chosen best spectral bands. Obtained results highlighted further the still challenging problem of face recognition in conditions with high illumination variation, as well as proven the effectiveness of our multispectral images based approach to increase the accuracy of the studied algorithms namely MBLBP, HGPP and LGBPHS of at least 9% upon the proposed database.


This article highlights the growing role, relevance and practice of politics in the everyday lives of poor people and grass roots NGOs, in relation to rural local government. It draws on experiences from a case study gram panchayat (lowest tier of local government) in the south Indian state of Karnataka. The analysis focuses on the period 1994–2006. The article describes how poor people who engage actively in different aspects of political participation are better able to influence the functioning of local government and the disbursal of material benefits from it. In doing so, it argues that this engagement is becoming more of a necessity for poor people. Even those who are reluctant find that political participation enables them to voice their demands and challenge dominant interests more advantageously.


Emma and Edward: Love in the Time of Loneliness curated by Mieke Bal, featuring the works of Edvard Munch, Mieke Bal & Michelle Williams Gamaker

For the first time, the works of Edvard Munch are being exhibited together with a comprehensive video installation. Madame B (2014) has been created by Michelle Williams Gamaker together with the internationally renowned culture theorist, artist and curator Mieke Bal, who is also curator of this exhibition.

Madame B is a modern interpretation of Flaubert's 1856 novel. By juxtaposing Edvard Munch's works and the video installations, the modernity of Munch's works is brought into focus. Through this confrontation, we are challenged to reflect upon how we view one another in social contexts.

The installation comprises eight video installations together with around 75 of Munch's works – both well-known works as well as rarely exhibited paintings and graphic works. The different halls of the exhibition are linked to themes surrounding the subject of social loneliness and the cinematic form of expression. Loneliness is often caused by a lack of communication and manifests itself through a socially awkward exchange of sideways glances. The Wedding of a Bohemian, one of Munch's great works, provides a good example of failed communication: the bride is isolated in her loneliness despite being surrounded by seven men. The painting is exhibited in close proximity to a wedding scene in the Madame B video installation showing newlywed Emma B – ruefully and in desperation – moving amongst the guests, who are busily occupied gossiping about her. The direct (audio-)visual interplay between Munch's art and Flaubert's texts provides us with the opportunity to make up our own stories. Consequently, we will see surprising connections and gain new perspectives of the respective works, and – if we let it – also on our own lives. To tie in with the exhibition, Mieke Bal has produced a comprehensive book that deals with the cinematic element of Munch's art by combining contemporary art theory with her own unique approach to art – direct and intimate.


In Developmental Work Research and its Change Laboratory methodology, development is understood as being when a group of people collaboratively change their material object. This study argues that this understanding ignores personal zones of proximal development and personal history as a beginning, and functional concepts as an outcome. Perceiving the subject of an activity as a homogenous group, I claim, is tantamount to an assimilation model of integration. Integration models that aim at homogenization rely on abstract concepts of others and require retooling in order to be more empathetic and expansive. Switzerland in 1998 adopted an acculturation model of assimilation that was thought to be the only possible solution for the maintenance of national unity. The model has been referred to as a national capitalistic 'steamroller' based on homogenization and exclusion. Under this perspective, migrant and refugee parents are categorised by mainstream educators as desisting from their children's formal education, and national parents represent the perfect model. The empirical work was carried out within a home-school project in a French-speaking canton in Switzerland. The project was designed by a group of special education teachers. The study explores the potential of Developmental Work Research and Change Laboratory methodology, as developed by Engestrom (1987), to produce radical and sustained organisational change in a social context. Through the inclusion of an analysis of subject positioning, the findings show that Change Laboratory offers a solid background for retooling new concepts of immigrant people to one that is more empathetic and expansive. The conflicts that ensued within the Change Laboratory sessions opened a developmental zone in which the concepts of being a national or a foreigner were reconstructed. The study suggests ways of improving Change Laboratory methodology for better understanding of subject positioning.


A Cu-doped CeO2 solid solution was constructed by co-precipitation and additional acid treatment to investigate the behavior of doped copper under thermal treatment. Acid treatment was used to intentionally remove the surface Cu species. Surface properties and fundamental characteristics of the catalysts were characterized by several techniques, as well as the CO oxidation performance. The results reveal that doped Cu ions could gradually migrate from the matrix to the catalyst surface during calcination. The degree of migration was mostly dependent on the calcination temperature, and also the concentration gradient of Cu between the surface and matrix. Catalytic testing in CO oxidation showed that the migration induced a distinct promotional effect on the activities of catalysts, supposedly closely related to the increased surface active Cu species and improved redox properties generated by the Cu migration. The present study offers renewed understanding of the dynamic behavior of ceria-based solid solution catalysts.


The short stories in So Much Smoke owe much to Felix Calvino's own experiences as a migrant who moved from the Galicia region of Spain to Australia, a country and culture radically different from the peasant village he left behind. The majority of the stories chronicle the hardships and small joys of village life, while the Australian stories tell of the migrant experience in which all that is known is forfeited in the search for material security.


The Internet, 24-hour news sources, and a host of other telecommunications advances have allowed global citizens to become instantaneously informed. With the privilege of real-time updates and acute awareness of the world's events comes the responsibility of being more than a passive observer. Specifically, this Note focuses on the technological improvements in communication during natural disasters—improvements that can be used to assist and aid the victims of catastrophes. In the aftermath of a natural disaster, the country affected is rarely able to provide for its citizens; tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes can (and often do) cripple an entire nation. This Note argues that a global responsibility exists to step in and help an affected country when it cannot help itself.  For instance, the 1998 Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations is the first global attempt to concretely define relief efforts by other nations, without demanding compliance or a singular rigid course of action. Instead, the Convention creates a flexible framework that each member nation can adapt to its own telecommunications infrastructure. In legislating on a global scale, the Convention acknowledges the interconnectedness of the world's people, and presents ways in which global citizens can improve one another's existence in the hours following a natural disaster—arguably when they need help most.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess quality of life in glaucoma patients using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire. The GQL-15 questionnaire is a glaucoma-specific quality of life questionnaire used to assess the degree of functional disability caused by glaucoma.
Design: Cross-sectional, prospective study with comparison group at a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and methods: The GQL-15 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of 80 patients in the glaucoma group and 80 normal subjects in the control group. The data were analyzed by test of proportions and Chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Glaucoma patients (mean age: 60.5 ± 9.2 years; range: 43–86 years) and comparison group (mean age: 58.9 ± 4.5 years; 52–72 years) were matched with respect to age (p = 0.18). Glaucoma patients had significantly worse quality of life compared to the non-glaucoma group (p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the scores of the mild, moderate, and severe glaucoma groups were observed, suggesting poorer quality of life as the severity of glaucoma increases.
Conclusions: The GQL-15 revealed that quality of life worsens with increasing severity of glaucoma increases. This fact is important when educating patients about the disease course and its therapy.


Volume Three in the series, this book is a detailed examination of the uniforms and equipment used by elite and specialty units of the American Navy during World War II. Collectors and history scholars will marvel at the array of previously unpublished text and imagery covering such elusive subjects as pre-war landing parties, the Seabees, Naval Beach Battalions, Naval Combat Demolition Units and Underwater Demolition Teams. Obscure and little known specialties are also highlighted including Scouts and Raiders, Beach Jumpers, Shore Fire Control Parties, Hard-Hat Salvage Divers and more. Hundreds of rare and exceptional artifacts are showcased in addition to complete original uniforms modeled in realistic settings with accurate descriptions of their wartime use. Condensed unit histories of the Seabee battalions, beach battalions, UDT teams and NCDU teams are also cataloged for the first time in one volume.


Keywords: Grant allocation Peer review Bibliometric quality indicators Convergent validity and predictive validity Error Citation rate h-Index a b s t r a c t Combining different data sets with information on grant and fellowship applications submitted to two renowned funding agencies, we are able to compare their funding decisions (award and rejection) with scientometric performance indicators across two fields of science (life sciences and social sciences). The data sets involve 671 applications in social sciences and 668 applications in life sciences. In both fields, awarded applicants perform on average better than all rejected applicants. If only the most preeminent rejected applicants are considered in both fields, they score better than the awardees on citation impact. With regard to productivity we find differences between the fields. While the awardees in life sciences outperform on average the most preeminent rejected applicants, the situation is reversed in social sciences.


An inclusive search for supersymmetry using razor variables is performed in events with four or more jets and no more than one lepton. The results are based on a sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1 collected with the CMS experiment at a center-ofmass energy of ffiffi s p 1⁄4 13 TeV. No significant excess over the background prediction is observed in data, and 95% confidence level exclusion limits are placed on the masses of new heavy particles in a variety of simplified models. Assuming that pair-produced gluinos decay only via three-body processes involving third-generation quarks plus a neutralino, and that the neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle with a mass of 200 GeV, gluino masses below 1.6 TeV are excluded for any branching fractions for the individual gluino decay modes. For some specific decay mode scenarios, gluino masses up to 1.65 TeVare excluded. For decays to firstand second-generation quarks and a neutralino with a mass of 200 GeV, gluinos with masses up to 1.4 TeVare excluded. Pair production of top squarks decaying to a top quark and a neutralino with a mass of 100 GeV is excluded for top squark masses up to 750 GeV.


Wind turbines are usually clustered in wind farms which causes the downstream turbines to operate in the turbulent wakes of upstream turbines. As turbulence is directly related to increased fatigue loads, knowledge of the turbulence in the wake and its evolution are important. Therefore, the main objective of this study is a comprehensive exploration of the turbulence evolution in the wind turbine's wake to identify characteristic turbulence regions. For this, we present an experimental study of three model wind turbine wake scenarios that were scanned with hot-wire anemometry with a very high downstream resolution. The model wind turbine was exposed to three inflows: laminar inflow as a reference case, a central wind turbine wake, and half of the wake of an upstream turbine. A detailed turbulence analysis reveals four downstream turbulence regions by means of the mean velocity, variance, turbulence intensity, energy spectra, integral and Taylor length scales, and the Castaing parameter that indicates the intermittency, or gustiness, of turbulence. In addition, a wake core with features of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a ring of high intermittency surrounding the wake can be identified. The results are important for turbulence modeling in wakes and optimization of wind farm wake control.


Full-waveform inversion (FWI) in seismic scenarios continues to be a complex procedure for subsurface imaging that might require extensive human interaction in terms of model setup, constraints, and data preconditioning. The underlying reason is the strong nonlinearity of the problem that forces the addition of a priori knowledge (or bias) in order to obtain geologically sound results. In particular, when the use of a long-offset receiver is not possible or may not favor the reconstruction of the fine structure of the model, one needs to rely on reflection data. As a consequence, the inversion process is more prone to becoming stuck in local minima. Nevertheless, misfit functionals can be devised that can either cope with missing long-wavenumber features of initial models (e.g., cross-correlation-based misfit) or invert reflection-dominated data whenever the models are sufficiently good (e.g., normalized offset-limited least-squares misfit). By combining both, high-frequency data content with poor initial models can be successfully inverted. If one can figure out simple parameterizations for such functionals, the amount of uncertainty and manual work related to tuning FWI would be substantially reduced. Thus, FWI might become a semiautomatized imaging tool.


type="main"> Using National Sample Survey data from 1983 to 2007–08, we investigate rising rates of female marriage migration in India. We find little evidence to support the idea that marriage migration is a form of disguised economic migration by women. We hypothesise that it is instead a result of the changing patterns of marriage by socioeconomic status. Regression analysis indicates that poor families are increasingly more likely to have brides who in-migrate, a finding that is robust across a sectoral disaggregation of marriage migration. We also find that urban inequality increases the likelihood of migration by intensifying class stratifications within urban India, increasing the need for poorer urban households to seek migrant brides. Marriage thus serves to reinforce rather than undermine larger patterns of class (and not just caste) inequality.


PURPOSE
4D treatment planning optimizes the cumulative dose delivered over the whole respiratory cycle to generate a plan that compensates for a patients individual respiratory motion. However, changes in the time spent in the each respiratory state may render a 4D plan invalid. We introduced and evaluate two robust treatment planning approaches to compensate for respiratory motion.

METHODS
A 4D optimization method was developed which optimizes the phase-weighted dose distribution. Two robust 4D treatment planning approaches were tested: (1) planning on the average motion pdf (AVE_PDF); and (2) combining 4D plans designed on the "worst case" pdfs (WC_PDF). The sensitivity of nominal and robust 4D treatment plans to respiratory motion variations was tested for two scenarios where respiratory phase weights were modified to model changes in amplitude as well as the relative proportion of the respiratory cycle spent inhaling vs. exhaling.

RESULTS
The DVHs of robust plans show less sensitivity to variation in breathing pattern. Compared to the nominal 4D plan, robust plans improve the V95 by 2 to 6 Gy and CTV min dose by 1 to 5 Gy.

CONCLUSION
Robust 4D plan can be designed either using average pdf approach or worst case pdf approach. We find that nominal 4D plans are very sensitive to the variation in respiration pattern while robust 4D plans are less sensitive under the similar changes. As compared to static 4D plan, healthy tissue sparing is also better in robust plan. This research is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).


Legislative efforts to delegate zoning power to public land and ocean management agencies have generally proven unsuccessful. When given the power to create uniform-use areas such as parks and wilderness areas within their broader jurisdictions, agencies either have opted not to exercise it or have been extremely hesitant to do so. The tepid administrative response to zoning is not surprising. Zoning decisions are politically charged, are likely to offend powerful, concentrated interest groups, and erode the discretion that is the core of agency power. These aspects of zoning decisions explain why, by contrast, all states require that municipal zoning ordinances be approved by elected officials. Understanding the weaknesses of delegated zoning is important in the context of the many recent proposals to zone federal and state ocean waters. This Article argues that, based on past experiences and on political scientists' predictions, Congress and state legislatures should resist the temptation to delegate zoning responsibility to multiple-use agencies. There are more promising direct zoning options available, including a commission model similar to the one used in municipal zoning. In addition to informing ocean policy, the exploration of delegated zoning provides the opportunity to consider the practical problems with delegation, using a focused approach that seeks to identify the kinds of tasks with which agencies are particularly likely to struggle.


Photon attenuation is believed to be one of the major causes of artefacts in cardiac SPECT studies and therefore should be corrected to improve the specificity of cardiac SPECT imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease. Today, many SPECT system manufacturers provide optional hardware (CT imaging) and software (OSEM reconstruction algorithm) technology attempting to produce attenuation corrected (artefacts-free) images and more accurate quantitative cardiac SPECT studies. However, this attenuation correction (AC) technique has not received widespread acceptance in routinely clinical practice due to the less-than-optimal validations of AC using realistic data and the potential for creating new artefacts. The purpose of this study is to validate whether AC can produce quantitatively accurate cardiac SPECT images and whether it creates more additional artefacts than it has cured. METHODS: Multiple experiments were carried out using cardiac SPECT data and the state-of-the-art AC technology available in Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (CT/SPECT hybrid system and OSEM algorithm). Cardiac SPECT data obtained from computer-simulated models, a physical phantom (anthropomorphic phantom with cardiac insert) and one patient data were used to validate and evaluate AC technique. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed to compare cardiac SPECT images without and with AC. RESULTS: The computer-simulated phantom showed that a realistic model can be generated and was used successfully for validation purposes. The simulation results showed that the attenuation artefacts were corrected significantly in both noiseless and noisy data. Using post-filtering with high number of iterations was found to be the reasonable criteria of stopping the reconstruction. The simulated data with 1 cm misregistration error between emission and transmission images produces a significant error in AC images. Attenuation artefacts were significantly corrected in all walls of cardiac insert in physical phantom with some non-uniformity in images reconstructed with low number of iterations. These images become more uniform with high number of iterations. Patient data demonstrated that AC appears to have worked well. CONCLUSION: OSEM algorithm was able to correct attenuation artefacts (without scatter modelling) of cardiac SPECT images using CT attenuation map with no evidence of generating additional artefacts. If such artefacts exist they must arise either from early stopping of the OSEM algorithm or other sources e. g. scatter and nusregistration. In conclusion, OSEM algorithm is recommended for AC in cardiac SPECT studies.


We investigate Musical Metacreation algorithms by applying Music Information Retrieval techniques for comparing the output of three off-line, corpus-based style imitation algorithms. The first is Variable Order Markov Chains, a statistical model; second is the Factor Oracle, a pattern matcher; and third, MusiCOG, a novel graphical model based on perceptual processes. Our focus is on discovering which musical biases are introduced by the algorithms, that is, the characteristics of the output which are shaped directly by the formalism of the algorithms and not by the corpus itself. We describe META-MELO, a system that implements the three algorithms, along with a methodology for the quantitative analysis of algorithm output, when trained on a corpus of melodies in symbolic form. Results show that the algorithms' output are indeed different, although none of them encompass completely the full feature-set belonging to the style of the corpus. We conclude that this methodology is promising for aiding in the informed application and development of generative algorithms for music composition problems.


Many studies have now reported the positive correlation between Open Access (OA) self-archiving and citation counts ("OA Advantage," OAA). But does this OAA occur because (QB) authors are more likely to self-selectively self-archive articles that are more likely to be cited (self-selection "Quality Bias": QB)? or because (QA) articles that are self-archived are more likely to be cited ("Quality Advantage": QA)? The probable answer is both. Three studies [by (i) Kurtz and co-workers in astrophysics, (ii) Moed in condensed matter physics, and (iii) Davis & Fromerth in mathematics] had reported the OAA to be due to QB [plus Early Advantage, EA, from self-archiving the preprint before publication, in (i) and (ii)] rather than QA. These three fields, however, (1) have less of a postprint access problem than most other fields and (i) and (ii) also happen to be among the minority of fields that (2) make heavy use of prepublication preprints. Chawki Hajjem has now analyzed preliminary evidence based on over 100,000 articles from multiple fields, comparing self-selected self-archiving with mandated self-archiving to estimate the contributions of QB and QA to the OAA. Both factors contribute, and the contribution of QA is greater.


The fatigue resistance of sealed joints to relative story displacement movements caused by earthquakes was studied experimentally and analytically, and the new joint design method was proposed, providing adequate sealed joint performance over the joint's service life. First, the story drift R of a curtain wall panel and the number of movement cycles of relative story displacement at a sealed joint over its service life were investigated using earthquake data of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The results indicate that the number of cyclic movements at a sealed joint over its service life is inversely proportional to the story drift of the adjacent curtain wall panels. In regions where earthquakes are numerous, R=1/300 cyclic movements of the total length of the curtain wall panel occur several thousand times over a period of 75 years, while R=1/100 cyclic movements occur only several tens of times. Second, the three criteria required to create a joint design method were investigated, i.e., type of sealant, effect of cross-sectional size and shape of the sealed joint, and fatigue resistance of the sealant at intersectional zones of sealed joints to the sliding and rocking motions of curtain wall panels. It was obvious that the fatigue resistance of sealed joints was lower in the intersectional area than in the linear sections of the joints, and was lowest in the event of the same movement occurring in both vertical and horizontal joints. The fatigue resistance of a sealant at the intersection of sealed joints is not sufficient to attain the targeted service life and the fatigue resistance of this area of the sealed joint must be improved by applying larger curvature radii at the corner of the curtain wall panel. Finally, the new joint design process for the linear section and the intersection of the sealed joints to relative story displacement movements was developed based on the experimental data. Further, we proposed the methodology to estimate the expected service life of a sealed joint.


Fast deterioration of roots after harvest is on of the major challenges in cassava production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of simple cassava storage techniques in minimizing postharvest losses. Four storage techniques, namely: 1) box storage with moist sawdust as packing medium ; 2) box storage with moist river sand as packing medium; 3) packing in wet jute sack ; and 4) unpacked control were evaluated. Data on physical and chemical characteristics as well as sensory qualities of stored cassava roots were assessed. Cassava root var. 'Macan' deterioration in terms of vascular streaking and root decay and weight loss were minimized by packing the roots with moist river sand and sawdust. Moist river sand prolonged the shelf life of cassava roots for 30 days with very minimal degree of vascular streaking. Unpacked roots (control) lasted only for 6 days in storage due to severe vascular streaking and root decay while those packed in wet jute sacks lasted for 15 days. Sugar contents of cassava roots increased with time of storage while starch content decreased. Sensory qualities of the roots stored in boxes with moist river sand and sawdust for 30 to 60 days were as acceptable as or more acceptable than those of the freshly harvested roots when boiled.


ABSTRACT Palynostratigraphical and palynofacies data are presented from a shallow stratigraphical core (7830/5-U-1) drilled in the northern Barents Sea, offshore Kong Karls Land, Arctic Norway. The core spans approximately 127 m of the Snadd Formation (De Geerdalen Formation equivalent). Samples from core 7830/5-U-1 yielded a well-preserved and taxonomically diverse palynomorph association indicative of an earliest Late Triassic (Carnian) age, consistent with previously published Rhenium-Osmium (Re-Os) dates from other cores drilled in the area. The rare occurrence of angiosperm-like pollen confirms previous observations in the Triassic of the Barents Sea area. Palynofacies evidence and the occurrence of marine microplankton and macrofossils indicate that deposition occurred in an offshore marine environment which became increasingly proximal during latter stages of deposition. Variations in the relative abundance of terrestrial organic matter, rhythmic pulses in amorphous organic matter (AOM) content, and the occurrence of acritarchs and prasinophycean algae suggest episodic fluctuations along a nearshore-offshore trend. Palynomorph ecogroup (PEG) analysis reveals a dominance of spore and pollen types characteristic of coastal plain habitats. Sporadic peaks in hinterland pollen types, recorded in association with AOM, are interpreted to reflect the 'Neves Effect'. The relatively high abundance of fern, sphenopsid and lycopsid spores is considered indicative of a humid climatic regime. A new informal palynozone termed the Podosporites cf. amicus assemblage is described, contributing to a more detailed regional palynological zonation for the Carnian of the Barents Sea region.


We have characterized the temperature dependent transverse relaxation for 100 μM protonated and deuterated nitroxides in both protonated and deuterated o-terphenyl (OTP and dOTP) in distinct temperature regimes between 10 K and room temperature (RT). The choice of sample compositions allowed for a clear separation into slow and fast relaxation contributions based on a sum of two stretched exponential (SSE) parameterization between 10 and 60 K, and likewise at RT. The slow contribution is purely matrix dependent, while the fast process is determined by an interplay between a molecule and a matrix. Our systematic study of dynamical decoupling (DD) as a function of temperature (at 40, 80 K and RT), spin concentration, deuteration of nitroxide and/or OTP matrix and DD scheme for 1 to 5 refocusing pulses reveals that DD significantly prolongs phase memory times with respect to Hahn echo relaxation at 40 K, which we discuss in an SSE framework. At 80 K and RT, where (intra)molecular motions dominate relaxation, DD does not preserve electron spin coherence independent of the sample composition. Instead, we report a matrix nuclei dependent performance of the applied DD scheme at 40 K with Uhrig outperforming Carr-Purcell DD in OTP, and vice versa for a dOTP matrix.

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This research estimates models of the importance of conscientiousness for socio-economic outcomes. We use measures of conscientiousness at age 16 to explain adult wages and other outcomes, such as crime, health and savings behaviour. We use several waves from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Our estimates suggest a significant and sizeable correlation between early conscientiousness and adult outcomes. Measurement error is corrected for by applying IV-techniques, errors-in-variables estimators and structural equation modelling. Investigation of the lower-order structure of conscientiousness suggests that facets related to reliability, decisiveness and impulse control are most strongly correlated with outcomes. We also investigate changes in early conscientiousness and find that persons who experience declines in the personality distribution between the ages 10 and 16 seem to be worse off in terms of a variety of socio-economic outcomes.


Somatic cells can be directly reprogrammed into neurons through the expression of few transcription factors. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the lineage-conversion are poorly understood. Similarly, it remains unclear how similar lineage-reprogrammed induced neurons (iNs) are to bona fide central nervous system neurons. In this work, we used an unsupervised machine-learning approach to compare the transcriptional profiles of lineage-reprogrammed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), mouse embryonic telencephalon neural progenitors and neurons, as well as mouse postnatal cerebral cortex neurons. We show that the transcriptional profile of a subpopulation of lineage-reprogrammed MEFs resembles that of primary neural progenitors and neurons, indicating that the intermediate steps enacted by reprogramming factors within MEFs during the transition to iNs are similar to those observed during primary neuron differentiation. Finally, by comparing the transcriptional profiles of MEFs that undertook a neuronal pathway to that of MEFs adopting a myogenic fate or retaining fibroblast features we identified potential candidates to improve the efficiency for lineage conversion of those cells into neurons.


We develop an automated variational infer- ence method for Bayesian structured prediction problems with Gaussian process (gp) priors and linear-chain likelihoods. Our approach does not need to know the details of the structured likelihood model and can scale up to a large number of observations. Furthermore, we show that the required expected likelihood term and its gradients in the variational objective (ELBO) can be estimated efficiently by using expectations over very low-dimensional Gaussian distributions. Optimization of the ELBO is fully parallelizable over sequences and amenable to stochastic optimization, which we use along with control variate techniques to make our framework useful in practice. Results on a set of natural language processing tasks show that our method can be as good as (and sometimes better than, in particular with respect to expected log-likelihood) hard-coded approaches including svm-struct and crfs, and overcomes the scalability limitations of previous inference algorithms based on sampling. Overall, this is a fundamental step to developing automated inference methods for Bayesian structured prediction.


Abstract Disparities in outcomes for preventive and primary health care services often result when vulnerable patients rely on episodic encounters for emergency services that do not meet their long-term health needs. Understanding health outcomes in socially or economically disadvantaged subgroups is crucial to improving community health, and it requires innovative analytics and dynamic application of clinical and population data. While it is common practice to use proxy indicators, such as quality of life and mortality, when discussing health equity, these have shown limited utility and are rarely applied at a population-level within a health system. Therefore, we designed and implemented an index, calculated as the ratio of observed-to-expected encounters, to identify and quantify health inequalities in health care systems. Providing equitable care, as measured by health outcomes, is analogous to precision medicine applied to social determinants. For health systems, the use of this index will facilitate the development of specially-tailored interventions to address inequity and provides a tool to measure the impact of such programs.


The objective of "The political role of Thai overseas Chinese newspapers during the period of China's Xinhai Revolution" aimed to study the history of Thai overseas Chinese newspapers during the late 19 century to the early 20 century, which was the period of before and after the Xinhai Revolution occurred in China. Also, this paper would give a bird's eye view of how Chinese newspapers which mostly printed about the revolutionary contents affected an absolute monarchy system of Thailand. It is qualitative research based on historical documents compilation of Thai overseas Chinese daily news and other types of overseas Chinese publication in this period. The research revealed that the Xinhai Revolution had deeply effected to Thai overseas Chinese society in many factors, especially in term of Chinese printed matters. The overseas Chinese newspapers became a main political tool of the revolutionary team in Thailand to excite the political thought in Thai overseas Chinese, or even let them having the China patriotism idea. The Chinese newspaper enterprises in Thailand had received a good feedback from the readers who were mostly Thai overseas Chines because Thai Chinese overseas were obviously awakened from the articles about political ideas in newspaper. The political ideology was separated into two groups; the revolutionary party led by Sun Yat-sen and the constitutional monarchy party led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao Chinese modern reformers. Two political ideologies were intense debated each other through the letters in many copies of newspapers. As a result, although the revolutionary party got a great success at last, but this event led a great development in Chinese publication. The golden age of Chinese publishing and presses positively raised up cultural education including social position of Thai overseas Chinese. Apart from political thought publication, Chinese newspaper also became a platform for political thought debating between the Thai overseas Chinese revolutionists and King Rama VI (King Vajiravudh) who was the highest leader in country. The revolution thoughts were obviously converse to the Thai monarchy's system, it also caused many conflicts among Chinese and Thais. King Vajiravudhwas known for his effort to promote Thai nationalism through many books and articles in newspaper. Apparently, the gold age of Thai publication was generated from Thai overseas Chinese publication activities as


In biomass gasification plants and related research units, on-line analysis of noncondensable compounds (H-2, CO, CO2, CH4, and light hydrocarbons) and condensable compounds (water, tars, etc.) is desired. Long-duration on-line measurements are often a challenging task, because blocking of the sampling lines has to be avoided and because some analytical equipment do not tolerate certain components of these streams. A continuous liquid-quench sampling system has been successfully employed to sample these gas streams and prepare them for on-line measurement. In comparison to other systems, it promotes long-duration measurements with high time resolution over a wide concentration range with little man-hour requirements. In this work, the sampling system is described in detail for the first time and its performance is investigated regarding the sampling of noncondensable compounds. On the basis of experimental observations, optimal operational parameters are suggested to minimize the measurement bias.


In focus of this keynote is the performativity of university rankings. I will present and discuss how different kinds of university rankings are constructed and their specific ways of understanding and presenting higher education and research. Here I will focus on their one-dimensionality and potential bias in ambitions to capture the academia in terms of ranking as presented by the Shanghai ranking list "Academic Ranking of World Universities, and the World University Ranking lists – presented by Times Higher Education (THE) and Quaquarelli Symonds (QS) respectively. I will also put forwards some features of the Webometrics list. In relation to this I will also deal with the multidimensional ranking of higher education institutions the so called U-multirank that now is under construction with the support of the European Commission. A first point to be made is that university ranking is a way to transform the multitude of university qualities in education and research, as well as engagement in social activities, into a political economy of easily visible ranking positions (jfr Marginson, 2009) presenting the higher education institutions as comparable units in one or more dimensions. Academic activities are translated into a set of comparable indictors who in turn are conceived of as presenting the exchange-value of specific HEIs. A second point is that this political economy is biased – standards are set by a number of indicators favoring certain kinds of higher education activities predominant in certain Anglo-Saxon universities. These two points concern how ranking lists represent higher education and research institutions. A third point concerns if such a representation matter? An explicit idea of ranking lists is that they should have an impact on higher education institutions for university clients as well as for university governance. I will discuss such potential performative qualities with looping implications (Hacking, 2004) for higher education research. Here I will be informed by a current study in Sweden by Sunden (in process) inspired by Espeland & Sauder, (2007) and Hazelkorn (2009) of how Swedish Vice-chancellors are acting upon international university ranking lists.


Measurements of distributions of charged particles produced in proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV are presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 151 µ b − 1 . The particles are required to have a transverse momentum greater than 100MeV and an absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on multiplicity are measured in events containing at least two charged particles satisfying the above kinematic criteria. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to the predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators.


The rat parahippocampal region (PHR) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) are cortical areas important for spatial cognition. In PHR, head-direction cells are present before eye-opening, earliest detected in postnatal day (P)11 animals. Border cells have been recorded around eye-opening (P16), while grid cells do not obtain adult-like features until the fourth postnatal week. In view of these developmental time-lines, we aimed to explore when afferents originating in RSC arrive in PHR. To this end, we injected rats aged P0-P28 with anterograde tracers into RSC. First, we characterized the organization of RSC-PHR projections in postnatal rats and compared these results with data obtained in the adult. Second, we described the morphological development of axonal plexus in PHR. We conclude that the first arriving RSC-axons in PHR, present from P1 onwards, already show a topographical organization similar to that seen in adults, although the labeled plexus does not obtain adult-like densities until P12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13925.001


 This paper proposes a novel device based on the Magnetorheological (MR) fluid which has the capability to change stiffness and damping under control. MR fluid is a type of smart material whose properties could be controlled by the external magnetic field. Most of MR devices are MR dampers, which normally are used as variable damping devices. The presented device consists of two hydro-cylinder-spring structures and one MR valve linking these two structures. The rheological characteristics of MR fluid in the fluid flow channels of MR valve are controlled by the strength of magnetic fields, which directly affect the link conditions. The equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the device thus varies with the rheological characteristics of MR fluid simultaneously. A mathematical model is established to describe the properties of the proposed device based on the Bouc-wen model. ADAMS is employed to simulate the dynamic performance of the device. The mathematical model the simulation results indicate that the proposed device can control both the stiffness and damping which has potential to be applied for restrain vibration mitigation efficiently.


For a positive integer n and a real number α, the generalized Laguerre polynomials are defined by L (α) n (x) = n j=0 (n + α)(n − 1 + α) · · · (j + 1 + α)(−x) j j!(n − j)!. These orthogonal polynomials are solutions to Laguerre's Differential Equation which arises in the treatment of the harmonic oscillator in quantum mechanics. Schur studied these Laguerre polynomials for their interesting algebraic properties. In this short article, it is shown that the Galois groups of Laguerre polynomials L(α)(x) is Sn with α ∈ {±1,±1,±2,±1,±3} except when (α,n) ∈ {(1,2),(−2,11),(2,7)}. The proof is based on ideas of p−adic Newton polygons.


Water Safety Plans (WSPs) are risk management tools
designed to assure the safety of drinking water. WSPs have
the advantage that they help minimise the risks to water
contamination through identification and management of
vulnerable points within a water supply system, which
could allow microbial hazards to enter. This paper discusses
one of the crucial elements in establishing WSPs, the
system assessment. It outlines findings from fieldwork
undertaken on a UK, Department for International Development
(DFID) funded project on development of WSPs in
Kampala, Uganda.


The number of patients with breast cancer in the world, including Indonesia, is high. Breast cancer survivors experience numerous physical, psychological, and social changes, which affect their sexual desire. Sexual desire is intimately linked with body image, social support, and side effects of chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlations of body image, social support, and side effects of chemotherapy with sexual desire. This cross-sectional study included 110 consecutive patients undergoing chemotherapy at public and private hospitals in Semarang and in a public hospital in Jakarta. The results demonstrated significant correlations between sexual desire and body image (P=.000), social support (P=.000), and side effects of chemotherapy (P=.003). The results of multivariate analysis showed that among the factors investigated, body image had the greatest effect on sexual desire. To address issues related to this decrease in sexual desire among patients with breast cancer, nurses should evaluate body image, social support, and side effects of chemotherapy soon after patients with breast cancer have undergone chemotherapy. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 323-330)


Collaborative robots are widely employed in strict hybrid assembly tasks involved in intelligent manufacturing. In this paper, we develop a teaching-learning-collaboration (TLC) model for the collaborative robot to learn from human demonstrations and assist its human partner in shared working situations. The human could program the robot using natural language instructions according to his/her personal working preferences via this approach. Afterward, the robot learns from human assembly demonstrations by taking advantage of the maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning algorithm and updates its task-based knowledge using the optimal assembly strategy. In the collaboration process, the robot is able to leverage its learned knowledge to actively assist the human in the collaborative assembly task. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed approach presents considerable robustness and applicability in human–robot collaborative tasks. Note to Practitioners—This paper is motivated by the human–robot collaborative assembly problem in the context of advanced manufacturing. Collaborative robotics makes a huge shift from the traditional robot-in-a-cage model to robots interacting with people in an open working environment. When the human works with the robot in the shared workspace, it is significant to lessen human programming effort and improve the human–robot collaboration efficiency once the task is updated. We develop a TLC model for the robot to learn from human demonstrations and assist its human partner in collaborative tasks. Once the task is changed, the human may code the robot via natural language instructions according to his/her personal working preferences. The robot can learn from human assembly demonstrations to update its task-based knowledge, which can be leveraged by the robot to actively assist the human to accomplish the collaborative task. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach via a set of experiments in realistic human–robot collaboration contexts.


With the increasing demand of the oil and gas industry, many pump companies are developing multiphase pumps, which can handle liquid–gas flow directly without separating the liquid from a mixed flow. The see-through labyrinth seal is one of the popular types of noncontact annular seals that act as a balancing piston seal to reduce the axial thrust of a high-performance centrifugal pump. The see-through labyrinth seal also generates reaction forces that can significantly impact the rotordynamic performance of the pump. Multiphase pumps are expected to operate from pure-liquid to pure-gas conditions. Zhang and Childs (2019) (Zhang, M., and Childs, D., 2019, "A Study on the Leakage and Rotordynamic Performance of a Long Labyrinth Seal Under Mainly-Air Conditions," ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 141(12), p. 121024) conducted a comprehensive experimental study on the performance (leakage and rotordynamic coefficients) of a see-through labyrinth seal under mainly gas conditions. This paper continues Zhang and Childs (2019) (Zhang, M., and Childs, D., 2019, "A Study on the Leakage and Rotordynamic Performance of a Long Labyrinth Seal Under Mainly-Air Conditions," ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 141(12), p. 121024) research and studies the performance of the see-through tooth-on-stator labyrinth seal under mainly liquid conditions. The test seal's inner diameter, length, and radial clearance are 89.256 mm, 66.68 mm, and 0.178 mm, respectively. The test fluid is a mixture of air and paper silicone oil (PSF-5cSt), and the inlet gas volume fraction (GVF) varies from zero to 12%. Tests are conducted at an exit pressure of 6.9 bars, an inlet temperature of 39.1 °C, three pressure drops (PDs) (27.6 bars, 34.5 bars, and 48.3 bars), and three rotating speeds ω (5 krpm, 10 krpm, and 15 krpm). The seal is always concentric with the rotor, and there is no intentional fluid prerotation at the seal inlet. The air presence in the oil flow significantly impacts the leakage as well as the dynamic forces of the test seal. The first air increment (increasing inlet GVF from 0% to 3%) slightly increases the leakage mass flow rate, while further air increments steadily decrease the leakage mass flow rate. For all test conditions, the leakage mass flow rate does not change as ω increases from 5 krpm to 10 krpm but decreases as ω is further increased to 15 krpm. The reduction in the leakage mass flow rate indicates that there is an increase in the friction factor, and there could be a highly possible flow regime change as ω increases from 10 krpm to 15 krpm. For ω ≤ 10 krpm, effective stiffness Keff increases as inlet GVF increases. Keff represents the test seal's total centering force on the pump rotor. The increase of Keff increases the seal's centering force and would increase the pump rotor's critical speeds. Ceff indicates the test seal's total damping force on the pump rotor. For ω ≤ 10 krpm, Ceff first decreases as inlet GVF increases from zero to 3%, and then remains unchanged as inlet GVF is further increased to 12%. For ω = 15 krpm, Keff first increases as inlet GVF increases from zero to 3% and then decreases as inlet GVF is further increased. As inlet GVF increases, Ceff steadily decreases for ω = 15 krpm.


BACKGROUND
Many authors have highlighted the role of muscle strength imbalance around the ankle in the development of recurrent clubfoot following Ponseti treatment. Nevertheless, this possible underlying mechanism behind recurrences has not been investigated sufficiently to date. This study aimed to explore whether there is a relationship between Achilles tendon elongation and recurrent metatarsus adductus deformity in children with unilateral clubfeet treated by Ponseti method.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed on 20 children (14 boys, 6 girls; mean age: 7 years; age range: 5-9) with a recurrent metatarsus adductus deformity treated by the Ponseti method for unilateral idiopathic clubfoot. At the final follow-up, isometric muscle strength was measured using a portable, hand-held dynamometer in reciprocal muscle groups of the ankle. The length of the tendons around the ankle was ultrasonographically measured.

RESULTS
The plantar flexion/dorsiflexion ratio was lower on the involved side (p = 0.001). No significant differences in the strength ratio of inversion/eversion were found (p = 0.4). No difference was observed in lengths of tibialis anterior and posterior tendon (p = 0,1), but Achilles tendon was longer on the involved side (p = 0.001; p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was discovered between involved/uninvolved Achilles tendon length ratios and involved/uninvolved plantar flexion strength ratios (r = -0.524; p = 0.02) Conclusions: Achilles tendon elongation may be a contributor to the muscle imbalance in clubfeet with the relapsed forefoot adduction treated by the Ponseti technique.