Extracted from text ... THE QUALITY EDGE June 2005 29
Adding quality to
co-operatives
It can be done, believes Gladys Nqoko, founder and supervisor
of the Siyafunda Haven and Day Care Centre. But not without
the willingness of the community to help themselves plus the
goodwill and support from wealthier communities to provide
assistance especially in the early days. Usually this begins when
a faith based organisation starts bringing regular supplies such
as food parcels, basic medicines, clothing and ... hope."
Leadership
Other key elements in the transformation of a community are
creating awareness and a strong, committed leadership which is
what Mrs ..


In this paper we describe the Lancaster Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation
(SW&TP2) Spoken Corpus. We have constructed this corpus to investigate
the ways in which speakers present speech, thought and writing in contemporary
spoken British English, with the associated aim of comparing our findings with
the patterns revealed by the previous Lancaster corpus-based investigation of
SW&TP in written texts. We describe the structure of the corpus and the
archives from which its composite texts are taken. These are the spoken section
of the British National Corpus, and archives currently housed in the Centre for
North West Regional Studies (CNWRS) at Lancaster University. We discuss the
decisions that we made concerning the selection of suitable extracts from the
archives, the re-transcription that was necessary in order to use the original
CNWRS archive texts in our corpus, and the problems associated with the original
archived transcripts. Having described the sources of our corpus, we move
on to consider issues surrounding the mark-up of our data with TEI-conformant
SGML, and the problems associated with capturing in electronic form the
CNWRS archive material. We then explain the tagging format we adopted in
annotating our data for Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation and discuss
how this was developed from the earlier version used for tagging written texts.
We also discuss some preliminary analyses which point towards fruitful future
lines of investigation.


This paper summarizes the systematic processes employed by the artist and illustrates how interacting with digital data using live animation techniques is used to generate ideas and document visual decision-making in the creation of a piece of work. As an artist with a systems background, the author is interested in the borderland between systematic approaches to production versus intuitive experimentation through action art. In contextual terms he has applied this approach to environment and place, producing art from walks. He has named these System Walks. Collecting experience and information through walking in the System Walks is a personal attempt to bring the technological approach of spatial analysis in the forms of GIS and GPS along side the surrealist, aesthetic and impressionistic approach of visual art. This duality of objective and subjective is accommodated in the ideas of Psychogeography. The paper will give a brief overview of Systems Art, Psychogeography and Walking as art. It will then describe the art process of the author and the performative role interactive animation plays in the art production.


Habitat loss and reduction in quality, together with increasing homogeneity of the farmed landscape and more intensive field management, are believed to be major drivers of biodiversity loss on farmland. Organic farms demonstrate features that are now rare elsewhere in UK farming systems, such as crop rotations incorporating grass leys, exclusion of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, and reliance on animal and green manures. They may also contain greater densities of uncropped habitats such as hedgerows. In this study, we examined whether organic farming affected populations of one group of insects of conservation interest, butterflies, on farmland. The abundance of butterflies on pairs of organically and conventionally managed farms was recorded over 3 years and a number of habitat and crop variables, likely to be related to butterfly abundance, were also measured. Organic farms attracted significantly more butterflies overall than conventional farms. Significantly more butterflies in both farming systems were recorded over the uncropped field margin than the crop edge. The difference in butterfly abundance between crop edge and field margin was relatively greater in conventional than organic systems. Species richness of butterflies tended to be greater on organic farms. Five species of butterfly were significantly more abundant on organic farms in at least 1 year, while no species was significantly more abundant on conventional farms. Organic and conventional cropping patterns differed, the former having proportionally more grass leys, and hedgerows were larger on organic farms. Although no significant effects of farming system on the numbers of grass or forb species present in the field margin or crop edge were detected, some individual plant species showed differences in frequency between organic and conventional field boundaries. Increasing the extent of organic farming, or practices associated with it, could help to restore biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.


Practice in the role of the teacher is an essential part of teacher education, however professional experience placements are becoming increasingly difficult to find. Consequently, additional university-based teaching practice, such as classroom role play with student teacher peers is important. Classroom role plays can be effective but there are limits to the realism of the experience and such strategies are not feasible for students studying at a distance. This article reports on a study in which a classroom in the virtual world of Second Life was used to house role plays of student teachers in preparation for their first professional experience placement. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that teaching practice using a virtual classroom shows promise but there are a number of usability and other issues which need to be resolved before it will be viewed as an effective strategy by all student teachers.


Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have equipped biologists with a powerful new set of tools for advancing research goals. The resulting flood of sequence data has made it critically important to train the next generation of scientists to handle the inherent bioinformatic challenges. The North East Bioinformatics Collaborative (NEBC) is undertaking the genome sequencing and annotation of the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) to promote advancement of bioinformatics infrastructure in our region, with an emphasis on practical education to create a critical mass of informatically savvy life scientists. In support of the Little Skate Genome Project, the NEBC members have developed several annotation workshops and jamborees to provide training in genome sequencing, annotation and analysis. Acting as a nexus for both curation activities and dissemination of project data, a project web portal, SkateBase (http://skatebase.org) has been developed. As a case study to illustrate effective coupling of community annotation with workforce development, we report the results of the Mitochondrial Genome Annotation Jamborees organized to annotate the first completely assembled element of the Little Skate Genome Project, as a culminating experience for participants from our three prior annotation workshops. We are applying the physical/virtual infrastructure and lessons learned from these activities to enhance and streamline the genome annotation workflow, as we look toward our continuing efforts for larger-scale functional and structural community annotation of the L. erinacea genome.


An investigation was conducted to furnish data on the effect of tab balance on tab and control-surface characteristics. The airfoil tested had a modified NACA 65(1)-012 contour with a plain flap having a chord equal to 25 percent of the wing chord and with a tab having a chord equal to 25 percent of the flap chord and having several nose shapes and overhang lengths. The results of the investigation indicated that, in general, tab balance affected tab hinge-moment characteristics in much the same manner that flap balance affects flap hinge-moment characteristics. A moderate amount of tab balance did not seem to have any adverse effect on flap hinge-moment characteristics.


Zones of state failure are assumed to be anarchic. In reality, communities facing the absence of an effective state authority forge systems of governance to provide modest levels of security and rule of law. Nowhere is this phenomenon more evident than in Somalia, where an array of local and regional governance arrangements have emerged since the 1991 collapse of the state. The Somalia case can be used both to document the rise of governance without government in a zone of state collapse and to assess the changing interests of local actors seeking to survive and prosper in a context of state failure. The interests of key actors can and do shift over time as they accrue resources and investments; the shift from warlord to landlord gives some actors greater interests in governance and security, but not necessarily in state revival; risk aversion infuses decisionmaking in areas of state failure; and state-building initiatives generally fail to account for the existence of local governance arrangements. The possibilities and problems of the mediated state model, in which weak states negotiate political access through existing local authorities, are considerable.


The processes that underlie point mutations in the human genome are largely unknown.
However, the cumulative effect of these processes have a large impact on how mutation
rates vary across a number of different scales and contexts, and consequently guide our
understanding of human disease and evolution. Although variation in the mutation rate
has been characterized on many different levels, it is not fully understood the extent to
which the rate of mutation can vary outside of the general patterns already observed.
Beginning with the human genome project, many studies have produced large unbiased
sequence datasets within a number of human populations. To that end, we analysed a
number of sequence datasets in an attempt to better understand the patterns and causes
of variation in the rate of mutation that exists across the genome. Firstly, we find that
the mutation rates of single sites vary by more than is currently understood, and that this
variation is not associated with any specific process or feature on either a local or
genomic scale. Although we have been unable to uncover the source of such variation,
understanding the range of mutability at sites in the human genome is important since it
may point to functional regions, disease phenotypes and prompt further ideas on the
underlying mechanisms associated with such a result. Furthermore, we find evidence
that a mutational process that can generate the simultaneous production of two new
alleles within the same individual during a single, or tightly linked series of mutation
events increases the number of tri-allelic sites in the human genome. There are a
number of potential mechanisms that may drive this process, and the consequences of
such an event may be far reaching, as the generation of two new alleles at a single site
in functional regions may allow a more rapid exploration of evolutionary space.
Furthermore, this process appears to make a reasonable contribution to variation in the
human genome, thus providing a substrate for evolutionary change. Finally, we observe
significant variation in the mutation rate over all scales in cancer genomes. Part of this result can be explained by the actions of specific carcinogens, however it is striking that
patterns of mutation can be both consistent across different cancer types, but also very
different between individuals with the same type of cancer over different scales. This
result points to the idea that the patterns of mutation may vary widely between different
genomes under different conditions, and the identification of general patterns in a small
number of samples may not fully describe the extent to which mutation rates can vary.
Taken together, these conclusions suggest that the patterns and processes underlying
mutation are highly complex, and require further analysis if they are to be fully
understood.


Developmental dyslexia, characterized by unexplained difficulty in reading, is associated with behavioral deficits in phonological processing. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown a deficit in the neural mechanisms underlying phonological processing in children and adults with dyslexia. The present study examined whether behavioral remediation ameliorates these dysfunctional neural mechanisms in children with dyslexia. Functional MRI was performed on 20 children with dyslexia (8–12 years old) during phonological processing before and after a remediation program focused on auditory processing and oral language training. Behaviorally, training improved oral language and reading performance. Physiologically, children with dyslexia showed increased activity in multiple brain areas. Increases occurred in left temporo-parietal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus, bringing brain activation in these regions closer to that seen in normal-reading children. Increased activity was observed also in right-hemisphere frontal and temporal regions and in the anterior cingulate gyrus. Children with dyslexia showed a correlation between the magnitude of increased activation in left temporo-parietal cortex and improvement in oral language ability. These results suggest that a partial remediation of language-processing deficits, resulting in improved reading, ameliorates disrupted function in brain regions associated with phonological processing and produces additional compensatory activation in other brain regions.


The vast resources of the world's oceans need to be fully utilized to benefit human activities in a sustainable manner. The maritime industry has made use of the ocean in a very responsible way, but inland water resources have been much more underutilized and under- maintained, especially for transportation. In an age so dire to find ways to mitigate the challenge of climate change and its associated impacts, recent research has indicated that inland water transportation represents the cleanest mode of transportation. This indicates the potential for an increase in usage of inland waterways for transportation. The use of inland water transportation is forecast to rise because of the potential for short sea shipping, expanding deep-sea operations, and alternative mitigation options for climate change. Coastal water transportation is associated with low probability, high consequence accidents, which makes reliability requirements for the design and operation for safety and environmental protection very necessary. Collision represents the largest percentage of accident risk scenarios among water transportation risk factors. This paper discusses recent work in risk and reliabilitybased design, and safe and efficient vessel operation in coastal waters. This includes systems based approach that covers proactive risk as well as holistic, multiple-criteria assessment of waterways variables required to develop mitigation options and decision support for preventive, protective and control measures for various collision accident scenarios within inland waterways.


This paper presents two modeling approaches for a cooperative control problem for a homogeneous team of robots acting on a cellular two-dimensional space which includes targets and obstacles. First a combinatorial assignment and scheduling approach is used to generate collision free trajectories for the robots. The second approach formulates the optimization problem of finding collision free and optimal trajectories using a receding horizon approach. This approach uses a sequence of optimization problems which are solved for a planning horizon which are then executed over a shorter action horizon. The two modeling approaches are tested and evaluated using illustrative simulation examples.


This text examines the research and evidence connecting birth practices to breastfeeding outcomes. It takes an in-depth look at the post-birth experiences of the mother and baby, using the baby's health as the vehicle and the intact mother-baby dyad as the model to address birth practices that affect breastfeeding. The Second Edition has been completely revised to include new information on infant outcomes, including epidural anesthesia and Cesarean surgery, clinical strategies for helping the mother and baby recover from birth injuries, medications and complications, and information on Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiatives with a Mother-Friendly Module.


Informed by a provocative exhibition at the Louvre curated by the author, The Severed Head unpacks artistic representations of severed heads from the Paleolithic period to the present. Surveying paintings, sculptures, and drawings, Julia Kristeva turns her famed critical eye to a study of the head as symbol and metaphor, as religious object and physical fact, further developing a critical theme in her work--the power of horror--and the potential for the face to provide an experience of the sacred. Kristeva considers the head as icon, artifact, and locus of thought, seeking a keener understanding of the violence and desire that drives us to sever, and in some cases keep, such a potent object. Her study stretches all the way back to 6,000 B.C.E., with humans' early decoration and worship of skulls, and follows with the Medusa myth; the mandylion of Laon (a holy relic in which the face of a saint appears on a piece of cloth); the biblical story of John the Baptist and his counterpart, Salome; tales of the guillotine; modern murder mysteries; and even the rhetoric surrounding the fight for and against capital punishment. Kristeva interprets these "capital visions" through the lens of psychoanalysis, drawing infinite connections between their manifestation and sacred experience and very much affirming the possibility of the sacred, even in an era of "faceless" interaction.


Enterprise Topology Graphs (ETGs) represent a snapshot of the complete enterprise IT, including all its applications, processes, services, components, and their dependencies. In the past, ETGs have been applied in analysis, optimization, and adaptation of enterprise IT. But how to discover and maintain a complete, accurate, fresh, and fine-grained Enterprise Topology Graph? Existing approaches either do not provide enough technical details or do not cover the complete scope of Enterprise Topology Graphs. Although existing tools are able to discover valuable information, there is no means for seamless integration. This paper proposes a plug in-based approach and extensible framework for automated discovery and maintenance of Enterprise Topology Graphs. The approach is able to integrate various kinds of tools and techniques into a unified model. We implemented the proposed approach in a prototype and applied it to different scenarios. Due to the vital role of discovery plugins in our approach, we support plug in development with a systematic testing method and discuss the lessons we learned. The results presented in this paper enable new ways of enterprise IT optimization, analysis, and adaptation. Furthermore, they unlock the full potential of past research, which previously required manual modeling of ETGs.


Deuterium excess (d) is interpreted in conventional paleoclimate reconstructions as a tracer of oceanic source region conditions, such as temperature, where precipitation originates. Previous studies have adopted coisotopic approaches (using both δ18O and d) to estimate past changes in both site and oceanic source temperatures for ice core sites using empirical relationships derived from conceptual distillation models, particularly Mixed Cloud Isotopic Models (MCIMs). However, the relationship between d and oceanic surface conditions remains unclear in past contexts. We investigate this climate‐isotope relationship for sites in Greenland and Antarctica using multiple simulations of the water isotope‐enabled Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE‐R general circulation model and apply a novel suite of model vapor source distribution (VSD) tracers to assess d as a proxy for source temperature variability under a range of climatic conditions. Simulated average source temperatures determined by the VSDs are compared to synthetic source temperature estimates calculated using MCIM equations linking d to source region conditions. We show that although deuterium excess is generally a faithful tracer of source temperatures as estimated by the MCIM approach, large discrepancies in the isotope‐climate relationship occur around Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum simulation, when precipitation seasonality and moisture source regions were notably different from the present. This identified sensitivity in d as a source temperature proxy suggests that quantitative climate reconstructions from deuterium excess should be treated with caution for some sites when boundary conditions are significantly different from the present day. Also, the exclusion of the influence of humidity and other evaporative source changes in MCIM regressions may be a limitation of quantifying source temperature fluctuations from deuterium excess in some instances.


OBJECT
Bertolotti's syndrome consists of low-back pain caused by lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) and LSTV-associated biomechanical spinal changes. There is a lack of consensus regarding the cause, clinical significance, and treatment of this condition. The authors aim to characterize the clinical presentation of patients with Bertolotti's syndrome and describe a minimally invasive surgical treatment for this condition.

METHODS
Seven patients who underwent minimally invasive paramedian tubular-based resection of the LSTV for Bertolotti's syndrome were identified over the course of 5 years. Diagnosis was based on patient history of chronic low-back pain, radiographic findings of LSTV, and pain relief on trigger-site injection with steroid and/or anesthetics. Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify demographics, operative data, and outcomes.

RESULTS
All patients presented with severe, chronic low-back pain lasting an average of 8 years that was resistant to nonoperative care. At presentation, 6 (86%) of 7 patients experienced radicular pain that was ipsilateral to the LSTV. Radiographic evidence showed a presence of LSTV in all patients on the left (43%), right (29%), or bilaterally (29%). Degenerative disc changes at the L4-5 level immediately above the anomalous LSTV were observed in 6 of 7 (86%) patients; these changes were not seen at the level below the LSTV. Following pseudo-joint injection, all patients experienced temporary relief of their symptoms. All patients underwent a minimally invasive, paramedian tubular-based approach for resection of the LSTV. Three (43%) of 7 patients reported complete resolution of low-back pain, 2 (29%) of 7 patients had reduced low-back pain, and 2 patients (29%) experienced initial relief but return of low-back pain at 1 and 4 years postoperatively. Three (50%) of the 6 patients with radicular pain had complete relief of this symptom. The median follow-up time was 12 months. No intraoperative complication was reported. Two (29%) of 7 patients developed postoperative complications including one with a wound hematoma and another with new L-5 radiculopathy that resolved 2 years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis of Bertolotti's syndrome should be considered with adequate patient history, imaging studies, and diagnostic injections. A minimally invasive surgical approach for resection of the LSTV is presented here for symptomatic treatment of select patients with Bertolotti's syndrome whose conditions are refractory to conventional therapy and who have pain that can be attributed to the LSTV. Several short-term complications were noted with this procedure, but overall this procedure is effective for treating symptoms related to Bertolotti's syndrome.


A predictive zero-dimensional low-throughput combustion model that was previously developed by the authors has been refined and applied to a EURO V diesel automotive engine.The model is capable of simulating, in real time, the time-histories of the HRR (Heat Release Rate), in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperatures and NOx (nitrogen oxides) concentrations, on the basis of a few quantities estimated by the ECU (Engine Control Unit), such as the injection parameters, the trapped air mass, the intake manifold pressure and temperature. It has been developed for model-based feedforward control purposes in DI (Direct Injection) diesel engines featuring an advanced combustion system or new combustion-mode concepts, such as LTC/PCCI (Low Temperature Combustion/Premixed Charge Compression Ignition) engines.In the present work, the model has been assessed in detail by analyzing a wide set of experimental engine data that were acquired during the engine calibration phase. The experimental data set has been defined according to the DoE (Design of Experiment) methodology currently used for engine calibration purposes, and applied to six 'key-points' that are representative of engine working operations during an NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) for a D-class passenger car. Different injection strategies (pilot-main, double pilot-main; pilot-main-after; double pilot-main-after) have been considered for each key point, and all the main engine operating parameters (rail pressure, injected quantities, boost level, intake temperature, EGR rate,…) have been included in the DoE variation list. Therefore, about 1000 steady-state engine operating conditions have been investigated.In addition, several NEDC driving cycles have been realized with the engine installed on a dynamic test rig, and the combustion parameters and emission levels have continuously been measured during the transient operations.The model has been applied to all the investigated conditions. It has shown excellent accuracy in estimating the values of the main combustion parameters, and a good matching between the calculated and predicted NOx concentrations was found, for both steady-state and transient operations.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Background: Triage at the site of a major incident is key to effective scene management. A number of triage algorithms have been suggested to assist the triage officer to determine triage priorities. However, many advocated scores were not specifically developed for use in major incidents, nor are they designed for multiple age groups. Many of these algorithms have not been validated: those that have were validated against the Injury Severity Score, which is of little relevance in a major incident—it is the urgency of medical intervention that is of importance in this setting. Objectives: To develop a set of criteria against which major incident triage algorithms can be tested. Methods: Sixteen experts from the UK and South Africa took part in a three round Delphi consensus method in order to develop clinical criteria against which major incident triage algorithms may be tested. Results: Thirty nine statements were initially identified as possible determinants of triage priority: 29 statements reached consensus. These associate specific clinical interventions with triage priority. Conclusion: Delphi may be used to identify which clinical criteria define triage priority in a major incident setting. These criteria and the associated triage categories may be used as for the validation of specific major incident triage algorithms. This method may be used to develop specific criteria for other triage algorithms.


We revise the genus Attemsostreptus Verhoeff, 1941 based on type material of the type species, A. costatus Verhoeff, 1941, synonymise A. orobius (Kraus 1958) with A. costatus and describe a second species of the genus, A. reflexus sp. nov., collected from Kimboza Forest Reserve in Tanzania, and discuss the dubious tribe Trachystreptini.


Cattle temperament is correlated with liveweight gains during feedlotting (Voisinet et al., 1997) ie. cattle that are nervous and flighty (poor temperament) do not perform as well as those that are quiet and docile (good temperament). This experiment investigated the effect of grouping into feedlot pens cattle of good temperament, poor temperament and mixed (some good and some poor) temperament on average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (CS), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and various carcase traits.

Animal production for a consuming world : proceedings of 9th Congress of the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies [AAAP] and 23rd Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production [ASAP] and 17th Annual Symposium of the University of Sydney, Dairy Research Foundation, [DRF]. 2-7 July 2000, Sydney, Australia.


The purpose of this paper is to shed some light onto contemporary translation didactics as a "virgin" field of applied TS that cannot be successfully developed without a new, multidisciplinary approach that would put forward the specificity of translator training as a distinct, socially valuable practice. We hypothesize that as socially-specific, practice-oriented products of the interaction between the systems of translation and of professional education, translator training programs are dependent on the social perception of translating activity as well as on the degree of its institutionalization as a profession. Given that contemporary translation and interpretation practices, as well as translator training programs, are limited to local manifestations, the social and cultural discrepancies impede any comparativism in this field of applied TS. However, in applying a sociological approach to translator training, we propose a methodological framework for a sociologically-informed comparative analysis that would lift the cultural and institutional barriers that until now have been distorting our vision of translation as a global social practice and have thus prevented us from conducting comparative analysis of a wide variety of translational phenomena as manifested in different locales, conceived in terms of both time and space. In order to illustrate our propositions, we present the reader with a case study of the most prototypical translator training programs in Canada and Russia – countries that, due to the differences in the theoretical, practical and didactic setup of their respective fields of translation and interpretation, offer appropriate support for our comparative methodology.


In homogeneous catalysis, the turnover frequency (TOF) and turnover number (TON) are the most commonly used quantities that experimentally describe catalytic activity. Computational studies, on the other hand, generally yield the ubiquitous free energy profile, which only provides the relative heights of different intermediates and transition states for a given reaction mechanism. This information, however, can be converted into a theoretical TOF through use of the energy span model. Clearly, directly computing turnover frequencies not only allows easy comparison of the activity of different catalysts, but also provides a means of directly comparing theory and experiment. Nonetheless, obtaining detailed free energy profiles for many catalysts is computationally costly. To overcome this and accelerate the rate at which prospective catalysts can be screened, here we use linear scaling relationships in tandem with the energy span model to create volcano plots that relate an easily and quickly computed energetic descriptor variable with a catalyst's turnover frequency. As a demonstration of their ability, we use these "TOF volcanoes" to rapidly screen prospective transition metal/pincer-ligand catalysts based on activity in facilitating the hydrogenation of CO2to formate.


Bradley Wiggins is Britain's most successful and best known cyclist. He emerged as a talented track cyclist and then moved onto the roads with increasing success, culminating in his stunning summer of 2012 when he became the first British cyclist to win the Tour and bring home the yellow jersey and then went on to win Olympic gold in the time trial. Daniel Friebe celebrates Wiggo's record breaking summer, as Team Sky took on the Tour de France and brought home the yellow jersey. He looks at the build up to the 2012 Tour as well as the strategy that brought ultimate success. 'Allez Wiggo!' - the cry of the French fans lining the roads who fell in love with our mod genius on two wheels.


We investigate the phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) radion in realistic models of electroweak symmetry breaking with bulk gauge and fermion fields, since the radion may turn out to be the lightest particle in such models. We calculate the coupling of the radion in such scenarios to bulk fermion and gauge modes. Special attention needs to be devoted to the coupling to massless gauge fields (photon, gluon), since it is well known that loop effects may be important for these fields. We also present a detailed explanation of these couplings from the conformal field theory interpretation. We then use these couplings to determine the radion branching fractions and discuss some of the discovery potential of the LHC for the radion. We find that the {gamma}{gamma} signal is enhanced over most of the range of the radion mass over the {gamma}{gamma} signal of a standard model Higgs boson, as long as the RS scale is sufficiently low. However, the signal significance depends strongly on free parameters that characterize the magnitude of bare brane-localized kinetic terms for the massless gauge fields. In the absence of such terms, the signal can be enhanced over the traditional RS1 models (where all standard model fieldsmore » are localized on the IR brane), but the signal can also be reduced compared to RS1 if the brane-localized terms are sizeable. We also show that for larger radion masses, where the {gamma}{gamma} signal is no longer significant, one can use the usual 4 lepton signal to discover the radion.« less


The paper discusses the role of risk weighting in the determination of minimum requirements for eligible bail-in-able liabilities of banks (MREL), i.e. liabilities that are not exempt from the bail-in tool in bank resolution and that can be written down or converted into equity if losses on assets exceed the available equity and such bailing-in is required to re-establish bank solvency so as to provide a basis for maintaining systemically important operations in resolution. The paper begins with a general discussion of the reasons for introducing bank resolution as a special procedure outside of insolvency law, of the reasons for having the bail-in tool and of the frictions that may stand in the way of successful and frictionless resolution. This discussion emphasizes the importance of having sufficient bail-in-able liabilities available; in contrast, for large institutions that have access to bond markets, the social costs of such requirements are small (unlike the private costs to the banks themselves). However, neither risk weighted nor total assets provide proper guidance for determining MREL. Risk-weighting suffers from a lack of a proper statistical basis and a certain manipulability. Moreover, the risk weighting that is used for capital regulation is not well suited for determining MREL; whereas capital regulation focuses on the probability of bad results, MREL is concerned with the extent of losses conditional on results being bad. "Total assets" suffer from not truly representing total assets because various rules, e.g. for netting, allow banks to keep certain assets and liabilities off their balance sheets.


Brain atlases are designed to provide a standard reference coordinate system of the brain for neuroscience research. Existing human brain atlases are widely used to provide anatomical references and information regarding structural characteristics of the brain. The majority of them, however, are derived from one paticipant or small samples of the Western population. This poses a limitation for scientific studies on Eastern subjects. In this study, 10 new Chinese brain atlases for different ages and genders were constructed using MR anatomical images based on HAMMER (Hierarchical Attribute Matching Mechanism for Elastic Registration). A total of 1,000 Chinese volunteers ranging from 18 to 70 years old participated in this study. These population-specific brain atlases represent the basic structural characteristics of the Chinese population. They may be utilized for basic neuroscience studies and clinical diagnosis, including evaluation of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, in Chinese patients and those from other Eastern countries.


Just because Milwaukee isn't Manhattan, doesn't mean that those urban centers face completely unique challenges. Through effective comparative analysis of key issues in urban studies - how city managers share power with mayors, how spending policies affect economic development, and how school politics impact education policy - students can clearly see how scholars discern patterns and formulate conclusions to offer theoretical and practical insights from which all cities can benefit. Pelissero brings together an impressive team of contributors to explore variation among cities through case studies and cross-sectional analyses. Each author synthesizes the field's seminal literature while explaining how urban leaders and their constituents grapple with everything from city council politics to conflict and cooperation among minority groups. Authors identify both key trends and gaps in the scholarship, and help set the research agenda for the years to come. Lively case material will hook your students while the accessible presentation of empirical evidence make this reader the comprehensive and sophisticated text you demand.


What are the various forces influencing the role of the prison in late modern societies? What changes have there been in penality and use of the prison over the past 40 years that have led to the re-valorization of the prison? Using penal culture as a conceptual and theoretical vehicle, and Australia as a case study, this book analyses international developments in penality and imprisonment. Authored by some of Australia's leading penal theorists, the book examines the historical and contemporary influences on the use of the prison, with analyses of colonialism, post colonialism, race, and what they term the 'penal/colonial complex,' in the construction of imprisonment rates and on the development of the phenomenon of hyperincarceration. They develop penal culture as an explanatory framework for continuity, change and difference in prisons and the nature of contested penal expansionism. The influence of transformative concepts such as 'risk management', 'the therapeutic prison', and 'preventative detention' are explored as aspects of penal culture. Processes of normalization, transmission and reproduction of penal culture are seen throughout the social realm. Comparative, contemporary and historical in its approach, the book provides a new analysis of penality in the 21st century.


This book brings together a series of contributions by international legal scholars that explore a range of subjects and themes in the field of international economic law and global economic governance through a variety of methodological and theoretical lenses. It introduces the reader to a number of different ways of constructing and approaching the study of international economic law. The book deals with a series of different theoretical agendas and perspectives ranging from the more traditional (empirical legal studies) to the more alternative (language theory) and it expands the scope of substantive discussion and thematic coverage beyond the usual suspects of international trade, international investment and international finance. While the volume still gives due recognition to the traditional theoretical project of international economic law, it invites the reader to extend the scope of disciplinary imagination to other, less commonly acknowledged questions of global economic governance such as food security, monetary unions, and international economic coercion. In addition to historically-focused and critical perspectives, the volume also includes a number of programmatic and forward-looking explorations, which makes it appealing to a broad audience with a variety of contrasting interests. Therefore, the volume is of particular interest to academics and postgraduate students in the fields of international law, international relations, international political economy, and international history.


Catholic reformers cited pluralism and absenteeism as the chief sins of elite clergy and the cause of the church's ignorance and poverty. Reformers encouraged bishops to reside in their dioceses, educate their flocks, and investigate both theological and behavioral abuses. This line of argument ignored the practical realities that drove pluralism and absenteeism and those clergy who pursued reform mandates in their dioceses and benefices. Paris de' Grassi (ca. 1460–1528), the bishop of Pesaro, was a reforming pluralist whose expertise and ambition were financed by his work as the papal master of ceremonies in Rome. This prevented him from residing in his bishopric, but influenced his understanding of the bishop's responsibility as an educator and reformer of liturgical practice. This article shows how de' Grassi contributed intellectually as an author of liturgical guides and locally as a liturgical patron to the church of SS. Celso and Giuliano in Rome, substituting these reforming activities for a presence in his see. The notion of the reforming pluralist expands the definition of reform, as not all reformers considered their own pluralism and absenteeism to be abuse, nor did their reforms focus exclusively on the diocese.


Peptide-specific T cells that are restricted by highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins express diverse T-cell receptors (TCRs) that are rarely shared among unrelated individuals. T-cells can also recognize bacterial lipid antigens that bind the relatively non-polymorphic CD1 family of proteins. However, genetic variation in human CD1 genes and TCR diversity expressed by CD1-restricted T-cells have not been quantitatively determined. Here, we show that CD1B is nearly nucleotide-identical across all five continental ancestry groups, providing evidence for purifying selection during human evolution. We used CD1B tetramers loaded with a mycobacterial glycolipid antigen to isolate T-cells from four genetically unrelated South African adults and cataloged thousands of TCRs from in-vitro expanded T-cells using immunosequencing. We identified highly conserved motifs that were co-expressed as a functional heterodimer and significantly enriched among tetramer-positive T-cells sorted directly from peripheral blood. Finally, we show that frequencies of these TCR motifs are increased in the blood of patients with active tuberculosis compared to uninfected controls, a finding that is confirmed by ex-vivo frequencies of tetramer-positive T-cells determined by flow cytometry. These data provide a framework for unbiased definition of TCRs targeting lipid antigens, which can be tested for clinical associations independently of host genetic background. Brief Summary We used human genetics and immunosequencing to define a shared T-cell receptor motif that is specific for a mycobacterial lipid antigen and associated with tuberculosis independently of host genetic background.


Abstract Experiments performed by Lovett (1991) measured the temperature of an 8 × 8 array of horizontal heated rods in air within a constant temperature enclosure. That apparatus was a scaled-down model of a spent boiling water reactor fuel assembly in a transport package. In the current work, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of natural convection and radiation heat transfer within this domain were conducted to determine appropriate boundary conditions and benchmark the results. Initial simulations employed nearly equal specified temperatures on the walls and endplates, and insulated rod ends. They accurately reproduced the shapes of the temperature profiles in the midplane but overpredicted the temperature level at the highest heat load. Simulations that included conduction within the endplates and convection from their outside surfaces more accurately modeled heat losses and brought the midplane temperatures close to the measured data. These experiences will be used to design experiments to benchmark simulations of spent fuel assemblies in transport package support structures.


DC casting of aluminium and its alloys is a controlled heat removal solidification pro - cess. The rate of heat extraction has strong effects on the microstructure and mechani cal properties of the solidified alloy ingots. In view of this strict temperature, control over the ingot as it solidifies should be implemented in order to achieve metal with the best possible properties. In situ direct temperature measurements are complicated; so in this report, the use of dimensionless analysis to predict temperature distributions on the ingots as they are casted is proposed. It is reported that the dimensionless groups that better represent the impact of process variables on the solidification of aluminium and its alloys are the Péclet (Pe) and Biot (Bi) numbers.


Consideration is given to the effects of inhomogeneous shear flow (both regular and chaotic) on nematic liquid crystals in a planar geometry. The Landau--de Gennes equation coupled to an externally-prescribed flow field is the basis for the study: this is solved numerically in a periodic spatial domain. The focus is on a limiting case where the advection is passive, such that variations in the liquid-crystal properties do not feed back into the equation for the fluid velocity. The main tool for analyzing the results (both with and without flow) is the identification of the fixed points of the dynamical equations without flow, which are relevant (to varying degrees) when flow is introduced. The fixed points are classified as stable/unstable and further as either uniaxial or biaxial. Accordingly, various models of passive shear flow are investigated, with the main focus being on the case where tumbling is absent from the model. In this scenario, not only must advection of the $Q$-tensor be considered, but also its co-rotation relative to the local vorticity field. Thus, only the biaxial fixed point survives as a solution of the $Q$-tensor dynamics under the imposition of a general flow field. For certain flows for which co-rotation effects can effectively be ignored along trajectories, both families of fixed points survive. In this scenario, the system exhibits coarsening arrest, whereby the liquid-crystal domains are `frozen in' to the flow structures and the growth in their size is thus limited. The outcome (biaxial final state or a mixture of both families of fixed points) can be understood in terms of the flow time- and length-scales that manifest themselves through the co-rotational derivative. Some consideration is also given to the specific case where tumbling is present; here, the flow has a strong effect on the liquid-crystal morphology.


In 1988 a reflection seismic survey was carried out by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research to study structure and development of the Aegir Ridge, an extinct spreading axis in the Norway Basin. A number of volcanolike structures were detected in the central ridge. The emerging lava flows dip away from their source in ridge strike. Perpendicular to ridge strike, we observed lava flows dipping towards the ridge center. This pattern might represent a more general flow pattern at mid-ocean ridges. After spreading ceased, sedimentation resulted in the deposition of 800 ms two-way time (TWT) to 1300 ms TWT (about 900–1400 m) sediments in the central ridge. Distribution of the sediments indicate subsidence of the central ridge probably due to cooling after termination of spreading. This subsidence started no later than late Oligocene or early Miocene. We detected an area where migration of a fluid phase led to obstruction of the sedimentary layering and the formation of mounds and faults at the ocean bottom. Several sources for the fluid phase are discussed.


Hybrid particle-mesh methods attempt to combine the advantages of Eulerian and Lagrangian methods: Lagrangian particles are used for the advection, whereas a Eulerian background grid is used for computing the particle interactions. Such a hybrid approach is expected to have several benefits when simulating flows involving free surfaces or material interfaces: the particles can be efficiently used to track the free surface, while the background grid can be used to solve the governing Navier-Stokes equations and impose the incompressibility constraint in a convenient manner. The prospects of these hybrid particle-mesh methods for simulating incompressible fluid flows involving a free surface are assessed in this thesis. More specifically, the feasibility of setting-up a numerical wave flume using hybrid particle-mesh methods is investigated. Four main steps are common to all hybrid particle-mesh methods: particle-to-grid mapping, solving the equations at the background grid, grid-to-particle mapping and particle advection. Due to the large variety of possible model options, it is impossible to speak of the hybrid particle-mesh method. Main difference between the various approaches is how the particle-grid interaction is incorporated. Depending on the specific implementation, the hybrid particle-mesh methods can be either regarded to be a Eulerian method augmented with Lagrangian particles, or a Lagrangian method in which the Eulerian background grid only serves as a useful tool for solving the governing equations. A specific implementation of the four main steps comprising the hybrid particle-mesh methods is presented, assigning relatively much importance to the background grid. The particle-to-grid mapping is presented in terms of a weighted least square mapping. In the specific implementation of this least square mapping, the grid nodes are considered to be sample points of the continuum. Following this strategy, an optimal quadrature rule can be used for numerical integration of the variational form arising from the finite element discretization of the governing equations at the background grid. The specific implementation of advecting the particles in the grid velocity field, combined with the employed, admissible P0P1-element, called for an additional mapping of the (divergence free) velocities to a (non-divergence free) continuous velocity field, a step which can at best be regarded to be an engineering solution. Assessing different advection schemes revealed the higher order scheme (RK3) to be an economical choice for doing the particle advection. Various test cases were run, both for single-phase and two-phase problems, showing the advantages and the disadvantages of the developed model. The results obtained for the single-phase problems are in good agreement with analytical results or results obtained with established numerical methods. Employing an admissible element, pathological locking was effectively avoided in the method. Despite these good results, there is clearly some numerical diffusion present in the system. A more fundamental issue was encountered for the advection dominated lid driven cavity test, where the incompressibility constraint is clearly violated at particle level. As a result, unphysical gaps in the particle distribution are observed. In general, the model results obtained for the two-phase benchmarks are again in good agreement with analytical or experimental results. With an additional mapping of the pressure gradient term, the sharp interface between materials (air-water) is well-maintained over time by the particles, although a residual particle oscillation was observed around the interface. Distinct advantage of the hybrid particle-mesh method is the implementation of kinematic boundary conditions. Since the mesh can be redefined every timestep without additional interpolation steps, the method can deal with large boundary displacements as shown for a solitary wave generated with a moving boundary. Finally, using the hybrid particle-mesh formulation, interfaces of complex topological shape are conveniently tracked by the particles. As such, the method was shown to be able so simulate a breaking wave on a submerged bar up to and including wave breaking. Based on the thesis, it can be concluded that hybrid particle-mesh methods appear to be an attractive tool for simulating free surface flows and simulating the nearshore propagation of waves. Nevertheless, many fundamental questions remain unanswered when considering hybrid methods. It is to be remarked that all these questions can be basically reduced to the question how to interpret the interaction between particles and grid. Future work should therefore primarily focus on this issue.


This book studies the interpretation and application of the principle of equality of arms in proceedings before several international criminal courts. The coming of age of these institutions merits an evaluation of the application of one of the fundamental principles underlying a criminal procedure. The practice of these courts presents some substantial challenges to achieving a meaningful equality of arms in the context in which these courts operate. Before studying the law and jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the International Criminal Court, and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the historical roots and the meaning of the principle of equality of arms are examined from two perspectives: the human rights perspective and the criminal process perspective. Subsequently, four themes that are central to understanding the principle of equality of arms in the international criminal context are discussed. First, the focus is on the investigation stage of the criminal process and the ability of the parties to prepare for trial. Next, the study takes a closer look at the system of disclosure of materials that were collected during investigations. Third, attention is paid to the issue of the perceived inequality in resources and facilities between the parties and the institutionally unequal positioning of the defence. Last, issues concerning the presentation of the case at the trial stage, such as the time and the number of witnesses the parties are allowed to present and the issues relating to the examination of witnesses and the admissibility of evidence, are examined. The book concludes with general observations on the scope and proper understanding of the principle of fairness, the right to a fair trial and the principle of equality of arms.


This paper examines corporate risk taking behavior in the wake of unsuccessful merger activities. We find that relative to other firms, firms that made bad acquisitions take both more systematic risk and more idiosyncratic risk. Moreover, higher risk is associated with greater value destruction and stronger corporate governance. The increased risk can be traced to increased cash flow volatility, increased leverage, decreased asset liquidity, more investment in R&D, and more equity-based executive compensation. These findings are in line with the behavioral approach suggesting that in the domain of losses, decision makers generally become more tolerant of risk.


CONTEXT
Intravenous aminobisphosphonates often cause an acute-phase response (APR), but the precise components of this, its frequency, and the risk factors for its development have not been systematically studied.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to characterize the APR and determine its frequency and the risk factors for its development.

DESIGN
The study was an analysis of adverse events from a large randomized trial.

SETTING
This was a multicenter international trial.

PATIENTS
Patients included 7765 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

INTERVENTION
Zoledronic acid 5 mg annually or placebo was the intervention.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Adverse events occurring within 3 d of zoledronic acid infusion were measured.

RESULTS
More than 30 adverse events were significantly more common in the zoledronic acid group and were regarded collectively as constituting an APR. These were clustered into five groups: fever; musculoskeletal (pain and joint swelling); gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea); eye inflammation; and general (including fatigue, nasopharyngitis, edema). A total of 42.4% of the zoledronic acid group had an APR after the first infusion, compared with 11.7% of the placebo group. All APR components had their peak onset within 1 d, the median duration of the APR was 3 d, and severity was rated as mild or moderate in 90%. Stepwise regression showed that APR was more common in non-Japanese Asians, younger subjects, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug users and was less common in smokers, patients with diabetes, previous users of oral bisphosphonates, and Latin Americans (P < 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSION
This analysis identifies new components of the APR and provides the first assessment of risk factors for it. Despite its frequency, APR rarely resulted in treatment discontinuation in this study.


We studied female and male parental roles in two sympatric auks, thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) and razorbill (Alca torda), with initial biparental care at the breeding site and later exclusively paternal care at sea. Our study addressed the following two questions: Why do
males accompany chicks to sea?, and How do the sexes allocate parental effort at the breeding site before parental care at sea begins? We tested the hypothesis that males care for chicks at sea because they are in better condition at the time of chick departure as a result of femalebiased parental effort at the breeding site ('nest'). Breeding success and duration of chickrearing did not differ between the two study years in either species at the Gannet Islands, Labrador. At the breeding colonies, females of both species provided more food (murres: 2.84 ± 0.18 loads day−1; razorbills: 2.02 ± 0.11 loads day−1) to their chicks than males (murres: 2.26±0.12 loads day−1; razorbills: 1.42±0.09 loads day−1), and males spent more
time brooding the chicks. These differences were chick-age dependent in both species, with females providing more meals to chicks older than two weeks. Razorbill males spent more time with chicks greater than two weeks old, while murre male's attentiveness of brooding did not vary with chick age. In both species, males (murres: 3.04 ± 0.3 h day−1; razorbill: 3.30±0.2 h day−1) performed longer foraging trips with meal delivery than females (murres:
1.23 ± 0.4 h/day; razorbill: 2.50 ± 0.4 h day−1). Thick-billed murres showed a consistent diurnal pattern of egg and chick attendance: females were usually found at the breeding site during the day whereas males were found there early in the morning and at night. In contrast, razorbill's timing of attendance was much more variable and did not differ between sexes.
Despite these differences in timing of breeding site attendance between species, males of both
species spent twice as much time as females engaged in the defence of the egg or chick at
the breeding site, which suggest male-biased capability of protecting the chick at departure.
Overall our data indicated different female and male parental roles at the breeding site but
not a female-biased allocation of time, energy and risk as predicted. In fact, males seem to
provide equal if not more parental effort than females prior to the time of colony departure.
We propose that the patterns of parental roles found between sexes is the result of a chain of
events favouring male involvement in chick brooding and care at sea.


Background: Despite being in clinical use for about 6 decades, vancomycin dosing remains perplexing and complex. Methods: A population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of the current nomogram-based dosing of vancomycin. Serum vancomycin concentrations were obtained as a part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring from two 500-bed academic medical centers. A population pharmacokinetic model was first built using these therapeutic drug monitoring data. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was conducted using NONMEM (7.2 and 7.3). The forward addition–backward elimination approach was used to test the covariate effects. Appropriate numerical and visual criteria were used as model diagnostics for checking model appropriateness and model qualification. The current nomogram efficiency was evaluated by determining the percentage of subjects in the therapeutic range (10–20 mg/L). Results: A 2-compartment model with between-subject variability on clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (Vc), and peripheral volume of distribution best fit the data. Blood urea nitrogen, age, creatinine clearance, and hemodialysis status were significant covariates on clearance. Hemodialysis status was a significant covariate on Vc and peripheral volume of distribution. In the final model, creatinine clearance was retained as a covariate on CL whereas hemodialysis status was retained as covariate on both CL and Vc. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the current nomogram was optimized by the addition of a loading dose and reducing the maintenance doses. The current nomogram is suboptimal. Optimization of the nomogram resulted in >40% subjects consistently being in the therapeutic range at troughs collected after the first 6 doses. Conclusions: CL and Vc differ markedly between patients undergoing hemodialysis and those not undergoing hemodialysis. Dosing nomogram based on these covariate relationships may potentially help in accurate dosing of vancomycin.


This article charts a new direction in gender quota research by examining whether female legislators in general, and quota recipients in particular, are accorded respect and authority in plenary debates. We measure this recognition in relation to the number of times an individual member of parliament (MP) is referred to by name in plenary debates. We use a unique dataset from the Ugandan parliament to assess the determinants of MP name recognition in plenary debates over an eight-year period (2001–08). Controlling for other possible determinants of MP recognition, we find that women elected to reserved seats are significantly less recognised in plenary debates over time as compared to their male and female colleagues in open seats.


Malaria continues to be a devastating disease. We investigated the factors that control intraerythrocytic development of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum by using a chemically defined medium (CDM) containing non-esterified fatty acid(s) (NEFA) and phospholipids with specific fatty acid moieties, to identify substances crucial for parasite development. Different NEFAs in the CDM played distinct roles by altering the development of the parasite at various stages, with effects ranging from complete growth to growth arrest at the ring stage. We used genome-wide transcriptome profiling to identify genes that were differentially expressed among the different developmental stages of the parasite, cultured in the presence of various NEFAs. We predicted 26 transcripts that were associated with the suppression of schizogony, of which 5 transcripts, including merozoite surface protein 2, a putative DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase, serine repeat antigen 3, a putative copper channel, and palmitoyl acyltransferase, were particularly associated with blockage of trophozoite progression from the ring stage. Furthermore, the involvement of copper ions in developmental arrest was detected by copper-ion-chelating methods, implying a critical function of copper homeostasis in the early growth stage of the parasite. These results should help to elucidate the mechanisms behind the development of P. falciparum.


Background & Objectives: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheo bronchial tree is a frequent and serious cause of respiratory distress and visit to the pediatrics emergency, principally in patients under 3 years of age. Most foreign bodies are not radio opaque and approximately one third of the children admitted will show normal chest X-ray. Virtual bronchoscopy is a relatively new and non-invasive procedure that provides a three dimensional view of the internal walls of the tracheobronchial tree through the reconstruction of axial images. The objectives of the study are, 1) to study the diagnostic accuracy and advantage of virtual bronchoscopy over rigid bronchoscopy in the evaluation of children with suspected FBA and to plan for early management as it is a non-invasive technique; 2) to study the clinical spectrum of children attending with suspected FBA. Methods: An observational study of 37 patients of age 12 yrs and below who underwent Virtual Bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration in the department of pediatrics and Otorhinolaryngology at MGM Hospital, Warangal is carried out for a period of 1.5 years during 2012-2013. Results: The common age of presentation was 1 - 3 years with male preponderance. History of foreign body was obtained in 64.86% of cases. Normal X-ray was found in 27.02% of cases. In 75.67% FB detected on rigid bronchoscopy was also revealed on virtual bronchoscopy. False positive percentage was 5.40% and false negative was 2.70%. Sensitivity and specificity was 96.5% and 75% respectively. Ground nuts were the commonest foreign bodies aspirated. Conclusion: Virtual bronchoscopy should be considered in cases with suspected foreign body aspiration, when chest X-ray is normal, to avoid needless rigid bronchoscopy. Virtual bronchoscopy is useful in screening cases of occult foreign body as it has sensitivity, specificity, and validity.


Rehabilitation connects the personal relevant goals of the person to services that reduce disability and promote recovery. Achieving this goal requires the integration of medical and psychosocial models of interventions through a multidisciplinary team. In Romania the development of community alternatives to hospitalization and recovery-oriented services has been one of the main aims since 2005, as indicated by the Action Plan and Strategies of Ministry of Health. Despite that, little improvements were made, and health care is still mostly hospital based. In these problematic contexts, and drawing on previous experience of ACT interventions, an experimental case management program was implemented at Campulung Moldovenesc Community Mental Health Center in order to bridge the existent gap between hospital and community and support people with mental health problems not just improve their access to treatment services but also to improve their overall functioning and health. We have evaluated the impact of a Mental Health Program implemented Campulung Moldovenesc in comparison with standard treatment, on reducing symptoms and improving the overall level of functioning in a group of 91 participants diagnosed with depression and schizophrenia. Specifically compared with standard treatment, case management was associated with greater improvement in symptoms, fewer of hospital days, increased number of contacts between clients and professional staff , decrease of dropout rates from mental health services, greater improvement in the global and social functioning level, decreasing burden of care and increasing client and his family satisfaction with services and last, but not least, with lower total cost of care.


Efficient methods for rapid evaluation of television (TV) interaction devices are missing. This thesis presents how the Cognitive Walkthrough method can be modified to suit the demands of engineers in a development process. Moreover, the thesis also investigates how Personas can be applied to support the Cognitive Walkthrough method. The Modified Cognitive Walkthrough method was applied and tested in an actual development project on remote control design. The study suggests that the method can detect usability problems on TV interaction devices at an early stage of development. Further, the results indicate that it is easy to understand the method and apply it as part of the engineering practices.


We present an innovative grating design based on conical diffraction which acts as an almost perfect and low-loss beamsplitter for extreme ultraviolet radiation. The scheme is based on a binary profile operated in grazing incidence along the grating bars under total external reflection. It is shown that periods of a few 10(2) nm may permit an exclusive (±1)(st) order diffraction with efficiencies up to ~ 35% in each of them, whereas higher evanescent orders vanish. In contrast, destructive interference eliminates the 0(th) order. For a sample made of SiO(2) on silicon, measured data and simulated results from rigorous coupled wave analysis procedures are given.


In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications have seen a drastic increase in commercial popularity. Different representations have been used to create 3D reconstructions for AR and VR. Point clouds are one such representation that are characterized by their simplicity and versatility, making them suitable for real time applications. However, point clouds are unorganized and identifying redundancies to use for compressing them is challenging. For the compression of time varying or dynamic sequences it is critical to identify temporal redundancies that can be used to describe predictors and further compress streams of point clouds. We use a point cloud codec that encodes additional information in an enhancement layer. We propose adding inter prediction to the enhancement layer in order to gain further bit rate savings.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary angle closure (PAC), and primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) and its associated risk factors in a rural population in southern India.

METHODS
Three thousand and nine hundred thirty-four (81.95%) of 4800 enumerated subjects aged 40 years or older underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including compression gonioscopy. Glaucoma was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology classification.

RESULTS
Data were analyzed for 3924 subjects (81.75%). Primary angle-closure glaucoma was diagnosed in 34 subjects (0.87%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 1.16) (27 women, 7 men). The mean intraocular pressure was 20.71 +/- 9.24 mm Hg. One subject (2.94%) was blind. Twenty-eight subjects (0.71%; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98) were diagnosed to have PAC (21 women, 7 men). Eleven subjects (39.3%) had an intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg, 13 subjects (46.43%) had peripheral anterior synechiae, and 4 subjects (14.29%) had both. Two hundred forty-six subjects (6.27%; 95% CI, 5.51 to 7.03) had PACS (168 women, 78 men). Primary angle closure and primary angle-closure glaucoma were more common in women (age-adjusted odds ratio, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.66 to 5.51) with an increasing prevalence with age. Increasing intraocular pressure was associated with the disease (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.19). There was no association with hypertension and hyperopia. Axial length and anterior chamber depth were longer in the normal group than in the 3 groups with angle closure (P<.05). Women had shorter axial lengths than men (P<.001) in the angle closure groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The overall prevalence of primary angle closures (PAC and primary angle-closure glaucoma) in a rural population of southern India was 1.58%. There was a female preponderance, and the disease tends to be asymptomatic.


Shakespeare's Marlowe: The Influence of Christopher Marlowe on Shakespeare's Artistry, by Robert A. Logan. Aldershot, Hampshire and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2007. Pp. 251. $89.95. Reviewer: CHARLES R. FORKER In this outrageously overpriced and somewhat inconveniently presented volume (the extensive footnotes, which need constantly to be consulted, appear only at the end of chapters, besides which the print is uncomfortably small), Professor Logan provides us with a thoughtful, wide-ranging, and careful reconsideration of a subject that has attracted students of the two dramatists for well over a century. Although I have reservations about some of the conclusions reached, as well as about certain of the critical formulations that serve as their premise, I want to begin by praising three of the book's major strengths. First, Logan treats Marlowe and Shakespeare as artists - as dramatists and poets with uniquely individual temperaments, talents, and purposes, rather than as mere producers of "cultural texts" that may serve as fodder for postmodernist harangues on the politics of power struggle in Tudor and Stuart society or for reducing the excitements of great drama to the narrow specialisms of class, race, and gender. Second, Logan's analyses are couched in a lucid and humane style, generally unmarred by jargon, "critspeak," and the ugly, obfuscatory abstractions that have lately become the common parlance of much scholarly discourse. Third, the author has done his homework. One of the exemplary features of Shakespeare 's Marlowe is its impressive command of scholarship and its assimilation of the daunting accumulation of commentary by multifarious predecessors. Convincingly, Logan sees the relationship between Marlowe and Shakespeare less as a professional rivalry than as a probably cordial and stimulating colleagueship in the business of producing popular entertainment for similar audiences - a colleagueship from which the less experienced Shakespeare learned self-confidence and that, after Marlowe's murder, spurred him to adopt Marlovian innovations in poetic expression, characterization, and dramaturgy without slavishly imitating his model or uncritically sharing his more pessimistic worldview. Logan assumes, probably correctly, that although the two playwrights were associated with different acting companies, they knew each other well enough to be fully aware of each other's work, and that in 1594 when Shakespeare became part of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the force of his dead friend's plays began to tell on him in subtle and heterogeneous ways. Properly rejecting Stephen Greenblatt's glib dictum that "source study is . . . the elephants' graveyard of literary history" and Harold Bloom's notion that an "anxiety of influence" (9) could have shaped Shakespeare's reaction to Marlowe, Logan insists that "a study of influences illuminates both the influencing and the influenced work" (14). It is a measure of Logan's critical caution and common sense that he begins by acknowledging the prominent element of subjectivity and speculation that inevitably attends any attempt to assess the nature of Marlowe's impact upon Shakespeare. As he points out, the influence of one dramatist upon another is not only a matter of formidable complexity but one that should never be considered as an end in itself. What this book seeks to accomplish, then, is to gain greater insight into the achievements of both dramatists by setting various of their works in juxtaposition - to point out how a given play or poem by Marlowe that invites comparison to a work by Shakespeare helps to illuminate the latter' s fresh development and originality, however unprovable or remote the supposed "influence" might be. Indeed, one of the paradoxes of this investigation is Logan's conclusion that the more generalized and distant the supposed impact of Marlowe's work on Shakespeare, the deeper and more pervasive is its importance. …


Wikis have been extensively adopted in educational contexts becoming repositories of potentially reusable, self-contained learning units (commonly known as learning objects). Unfortunately, wikis lack of the packaging and metadata facilities that are needed to enable effective reuse of these units. In this article we propose an approach to use semantic wikis as learning object repositories, we discuss its challenges and its potential, and we present a conceptual model and its implementation based on the Semantic MediaWiki engine.


Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate perceptions regarding current practices in the care of diabetic inpatients as well as the knowledge and attitudes of nursing and medical caregivers at a large secondary hospital. Design and methods. Doctors and nurses taking care of diabetic inpatients were surveyed to assess their knowledge of diabetes inpatient management and their attitudes towards diabetic patients. The survey made use of the diabetes knowledge questionnaire (O'Brien) and the DAS3 scale. Results. The survey group comprised 115 health care providers, of whom 54 were doctors and 61 were nurses. The response rate was 82%. The doctors achieved a mean score of 68.3% (standard deviation (SD) 11.5%) and the nurses 53.9% (SD 16.3%) for the diabetes knowledge questionnaire. The DAS3 questionnaire indicated that 80.9% of health care personnel strongly agree that special training for managing diabetic patients is necessary, 90.5% agree or strongly agree that type 2 diabetes is a serious condition, 92.2% agree or strongly agree that tight glycaemic control is valuable, 85.2% agree or strongly agree that diabetes has a significant psychosocial impact on patients, and 88.7% agree or strongly agree that patients should have autonomy regarding their treatment. Conclusions. Health care workers (doctors and nurses) in a large secondary hospital have average to poor knowledge about the care of diabetic inpatients. The DAS3 questionnaire, however, indicates that health care workers have a good attitude towards diabetic patients and realise that special training is necessary.


Ongoing advances in technology are undoubtedly increasing the scope for enhancing and supporting older adults' daily living. The digital divide between older and younger adults, however, raises concerns about the suitability of technological solutions for older adults, especially for those with impairments. Taking older adults with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) – a progressive and degenerative disease of the eye – as a case study, the research reported in this dissertation considers how best to engage older adults in the design and evaluation of mobile assistive technologies to achieve sympathetic design of such technologies. Recognising the importance of good nutrition and the challenges involved in designing for people with AMD, this research followed a participatory and user-centred design (UCD) approach to develop a proof–of–concept diet diary application for people with AMD. Findings from initial knowledge elicitation activities contribute to the growing debate surrounding the issues on how older adults' participation is initiated, planned and managed. Reflections on the application of the participatory design method highlighted a number of key strategies that can be applied to maintain empathic participatory design rapport with older adults and, subsequently, lead to the formulation of participatory design guidelines for effectively engaging older adults in design activities. Taking a novel approach, the final evaluation study contributed to the gap in the knowledge on how to bring closure to the participatory process in as positive a way as possible, cognisant of the potential negative effect that withdrawal of the participatory process may have on individuals. Based on the results of this study, we ascertain that (a) sympathetic design of technology with older adults will maximise technology acceptance and shows strong indicators for affecting behaviour change; and (b) being involved in the design and development of such technologies has the capacity to significantly improve the quality of life of older adults (with AMD).


According to ILO 2008 challenged people worldwide face barriers to formal employment. One possible solution for challenged people with entrepreneurial skills is self-employment. The establishment and expansion of small businesses by persons with disabilities, however, tends to be restricted by limited access to credit markets and by inadequate business training. Limited by their physical conditions, the areas of employment are limited for persons with disabilities. They do not have many options. Sometimes, even if they get a job, they are found to be unsuitable for it and have to give up shortly, and are back to the status of not working. Various studies have revealed that Kenya has a large population of physically challenged people who have shown great interest in entrepreneurship by engaging in owning, managing and running enterprises (Kenya National Survey on persons with disabilities 2008). People with disabilities (PWD) make up 10 percent of the total population of Kenya, WHO (2006).There should be inclusivity in entrepreneurship; implying that no member of the society should be excluded in terms of starting business on the grounds of disability.


(Fe–Zn–Mg)-spinel-bearing assemblages in the high-grade rocks from three localities in the Moldanubian domain of the Bohemian Massif (Variscan belt of Central Europe) have been studied to monitor the partition behaviour of zinc along the pressure–temperature path followed by the host rock and to discuss the role of Zn in spinel stabilization. Spinels in two studied samples are characterized by low gahnite content (max. 0.09 Zn p.f.u), they crystallized only under silica-undersaturated conditions and the presence of zinc is thus assumed to be insignificant for their stabilization. One sample contains spinels that are gahnite-rich (up to 0.58 Zn p.f.u) leading to their stabilization within a quartz-bearing matrix. All spinel-bearing domains reflect late re-equilibration corresponding to decompression. However, in samples with preserved relics of a high-pressure mineral assemblage, changes in the zinc content attributed to prograde garnet growth were observed in the garnet cores. In order to monitor the distribution of zinc along the pressure-temperature path, textural observations have been combined with electron-microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS data. The results point to preferential partitioning of zinc into biotite during the spinel-absent early stages of decompression and suggest that biotite was the main source of zinc for spinel crystallizing at low pressures.


Background: Dental records, fingerprint, and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques used for a person's identification, allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, sometimes it is necessary to apply different and less known techniques such as lip prints. The potential of lip prints to determine sex has been well exhibited and documented. However, very few studies have been conducted using lip prints for population identification. Objective: To determine the predominant lip print patterns in males and females in relation to Kerala and Manipuri population and also to compare the lip print patterns between these populations. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of 60 subjects, which included 30 each from Kerala and Manipuri. Lipstick was applied evenly, and the lip print was obtained by dabbing a strip of cellophane. The classification scheme proposed by Tsuchihashi was used to classify the lip print patterns and the data were statistically analyzed using the z-test for proportions. Results: Type 4 and Type 5 lip print patterns were predominant in males, whereas in females it was Type 1 and Type 1'. Type 1 pattern was most common in both the populations, with an incidence of 28.33%. Furthermore, Type 1 pattern was found to be more in Kerala females and Manipuri males when compared to their counterparts. Type 1 was most common in upper right, upper left, and lower left quadrants whereas in lower right quadrant, Type 1' and Type 4 were predominant in Kerala and Type 5 in Manipuri population. Conclusion: Difference between the lip print patterns in two populations exists, although subtle. However, larger sample size is necessary to derive concrete conclusions.


Research lead (Pb) to the pollutant removal by fitoremidiation process used
water bamboo plants (Equisetum Hymale) has been carried out in a laboratory
scale.This study aims to determine the level of efficiency decreased levels of lead (Pb)
contained in the effluent artificially after going through the fitoremidiation
process.Influence and potential of plants have been studied through laboratory
observations with artificial waste with fitoremidiation process. Experiments carried out
using reactor of fitoremidiation, size : length 65 cm x widht 40 cm x high 27 cm. The
main variables : discharge in the range of 100 ml/minute to 300 ml/minute and the age
of the bamboo water in the range of 30 days to 60 days with a density of 15 water
bamboo plants. Experimental results show that by using a water bamboo plant
(Equisetum Hymale) in fitoremidiation system, can set aside a lead (Pb) content of 76
% which occurred in debit of 200 ml/minute of water bamboo plants age of 30 days
old.
Keywords: Artificial waste, Water bamboo plants, fitoremidiation


The angular distribution of the flavor-changing neutral current decay B^+ → K^+μ^+μ^− is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.5  fb^(−1). The forward-backward asymmetry A_(FB) of the dimuon system and the contribution F_H from the pseudoscalar, scalar, and tensor amplitudes to the decay width are measured as a function of the dimuon mass squared. The measurements are consistent with the standard model expectations.


The Alpine fold and thrust belt of the South Carpathians overrides the Moesian platform to southeast and the Serbo-Macedonian and Vardar ophiolitic palaeosuture to northwest. The pre-Triassic basement of the South Carpathians is preserved in the Getic/Supragetic and Upper Danubian/Lower Danubian basement/cover nappe systems and is represented by: a, Late Carboniferous-Permian sedimentary deposits and related magmatites; b, pre-Westphalian metamorphic-magmatic suites of Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic age. Palaeozoic sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary lithological assemblages, palaeontologically dated, are of?Cambrian-Ordovician-Silurian and Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous ages. The Early Palaeozoic rock-sequences preserved in the Danubian basement are discontinuous covers of the Pan-African terranes or rift-related, allochtonous low-grade successions associated to an inverted ophiolitic-sedimentary-tectonic palaeosuture marking a plate/microplate boundary. The Early Palaeozoic successions in the Getic-Supragetic basement are mainly allochtonous volcano-sedimentary rocks associated with basic and bimodal magmatic rocks marking a back-arc basin and an intracontinental rift, separating Neoproterozoic ± Early Palaeozoic gneissic terranes. Unconformable Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous successions consist of continental-shallow marine, clastic and/or carbonate-dolomite piles (Danubian and westernmost Supragetic) but some volcano-sedimentary grading to coarse-grained clastic successions are also present (Getic basement). Late Carboniferous-Permian, clastic, sometimes coal bearing, continental deposits crop out in both Getic-Supragetic and Danubian basements while volcano-sedimentary successions, associated with acid or bimodal volcanic rocks, crop out mainly in the Danubian units. In contrast with the unmetamorphosed Palaeozoic cover of the Moesian Platform, the Variscan regional prograde metamorphism of the Carpathian Palaeozoic rock sequences ranges from anchizone to greenschist and epidote-amphibolite facies. Early Palaeozoic deformation and metamorphic evolution of the Danubian basement is different in the external and internal domains, suggesting different geotectonic environments before the deposition of?Late Ordovician-early Silurian formations, and, possible Avalonian-Moravian affinities. Polystage Variscan tectono-metamorphic events are documented for the Getic-Supragetic basement and show Armorican-Bohemian affinities. Both, Danubian and Getic-Supragetic Domains inherited Gondwana derived gneissic-granitic terranes whose Palaeozoic evolution is diversified. The Pan-African gneissic-granitic suites of the External Danubian Domain are slightly involved in Variscan deformation and metamorphism. Different by this, the Neoproterozoic basement of the internal Danubian and Getic-Supragetic Domains were reactivated and rejuvenated in Palaeozoic time, the rifting/dismembering of northern Gondwana being followed by convergence to collision in the Variscan cycle.


The stratigraphic record of climatic and palaeoceanographic changes in the Mediterranean during the late Messinian is controversial. On Sicily, sedimentary facies show a steady transgression, suggesting that sub-basins were hydrodynamically linked to a larger water body. Here we test this hypothesis using strontium isotope studies from Messinian materials collected from a range of sites in the Caltanissetta Basin of central Sicily. The strata include a regionally regressive 'First Cycle' of early-mid-Messinian age and a younger, transgressive 'Second Cycle'. These cycles are separated by an inter-regional unconformity which may be correlated with base-level low stand in the Mediterranean. 87Sr/86Sr ratios for all First Cycle gypsum fall within the expected global marine composition (0.70891–0.70897). All Second Cycle analyses fall within a grouping of significantly lower values (0.70868–0.70878), a surprisingly tight but discrepant grouping for data collected from shells of a brackish water fauna and from gypsum. Analyses from these different Second Cycle materials are statistically indistinguishable. These results indicate that the strontium isotopic composition of waters from different sub-basins on Sicily are indistinguishable regardless of salinity during the late Messinian. Therefore these basins must have mixed with a larger, homogenized reservoir which we infer was the ancestral Mediterranean. Thus circum-Mediterranean basins may indeed chart regional palaeoceanographic and climatic events. By the end of Messinian times the base-level of the Mediterranean was within the range of the world's oceans but the water-body probably had a distinctly different but internally homogeneous strontium isotopic composition.


Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, the academic and scientific research community, as well as industry and governments around the world have joined forces in an unprecedented manner to fight the threat. Clinicians, biologists, chemists, bioinformaticians, nurses, data scientists, and all of the affiliated relevant disciplines have been mobilized to help discover efficient treatments for the infected population, as well as a vaccine solution to prevent further the virus' spread. In this combat against the virus responsible for the pandemic, key for any advancements is the timely, accurate, peer-reviewed, and efficient communication of any novel research findings. We present a novel framework to address the information need of filtering efficiently the scientific bibliography for relevant literature around COVID-19. The contributions of our work are summarized in the following: we define and describe the information need that encompasses the major requirements for COVID-19 articles' relevancy, we present and release an expert-curated benchmark set for the task, and we analyze the performance of several state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers that may distinguish the relevant from the non-relevant COVID-19 literature.


This paper provides a cross-country review of progress towards green growth in selected emerging market economies that are members or partners of the OECD. It draws on the country studies conducted within the OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Turkey between 2013 and 2019. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges. It provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of green growth policy frameworks and measures, which may provide useful lessons for other OECD and partner countries.


There are two methods to produce primary copper: hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical. Copper concentrates, from which copper matte is melted, constitute the charge at melting primary copper in the pyrometallurgical process. This process consists of a few stages, of which the basic ones are roasting and smelting. Smelting process may be bath and flash. Slag from copper production, on the end of process contain less 0,8%. It is treat as a waste or used other field, but only in a few friction. The slag amount for waste management or storage equaled 11 741 – 16 011 million tons in 2011. This is a serious ecological problem. The following slags were investigated: slag originated from the primary copper production process in the flash furnace of the Outtokumpuja Company in HM Głogów 2 (S ample S2): the same slag after the copper removal performed according the up to now technology (Sample S1): slag originated from the primary copper production process in the flash furnace of the Outtokumpuja Company in HM Głogów 2, after the copper remova l performed according the new technology (Sample S3). In practice, all tested slags satisfy the allowance criteria of storing on the dumping grounds of wastes other than hazardous and neutral.


We give the path model solution for the cluster algebra variables of the $A_r$ $T$-system with generic boundary conditions. The solutions are partition functions of (strongly) non-intersecting paths on weighted graphs. The graphs are the same as those constructed for the $Q$-system in our earlier work, and depend on the seed or initial data in terms of which the solutions are given. The weights are "time-dependent" where "time" is the extra parameter which distinguishes the $T$-system from the $Q$-system, usually identified as the spectral parameter in the context of representation theory. The path model is alternatively described on a graph with non-commutative weights, and cluster mutations are interpreted as non-commutative continued fraction rearrangements. As a consequence, the solution is a positive Laurent polynomial of the seed data.


Plotting Hitler's Death: The Story of the German Resistance. Joachim Fest. New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1996. $42.00 (Cdn) hb. ISBN 80504213X Resistance and collaboration during the Second World War are issues which are still discussed and debated at length. Indeed, the line is often blurred by the necessity to survive and feed one's family, rather than clearly delineated by moral and ethical concerns. Resistance workers and supporters are clearly praised in countries such as France, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and Belgium as resistance was perhaps the primary method of overcoming the guilt of defeat and occupation. The German resistance movement, however, is seen rather differently, both within and without the country. Joachim Fest, German journalist who wrote Hitler in the 1970s and still in print, has penned another fascinating work on Hitler and the Third Reich, this time concentrating on those who resisted the Nazis and conspired to kill Adolph Hitler. While the book focuses on the more famous assassination attempt of July 20, 1944, it also delves into many of the lesser known and less spectacular failures to remove Hitler and end the regime, such as the September Plot of 1938. The 420 page book, sprinkled with 76 striking and useful black and white photographs of prominent players and dramatic scenes, begins with a lengthy and stimulating examination of "The Resistance that Never Was." Here, Fest describes how many groups within Nazi Germany were either intimidated, manipulated, or threatened into supporting the regime, while others, such as the civil service, with its natural antidemocratic tendencies, compared the aimlessness and indecisiveness of the Weimar years to the direction and confidence of the Nazis, and gave their support willingly. He then goes on to describe how the German Army, itself a political player in the Weimar Republic, divided into younger officers who supported Hitler, and older, more conservative officers who hoped to maintain the prestige they traditionally enjoyed. The remainding eight chapters of the book concentrate on the efforts to assassinate Hitler, centred around military circles. The story, filled as it is with conspirators both minor and major, is made easier to follow by the inclusion of a "Short Biographies" section at the end. It includes important resisters, such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer (but not Martin Niemoller), who Fest discusses quite tangentially, as well as his main characters, like the dashing Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg who planted the bomb in Hitler's Wolf's Lair in the July 20th attempt. Fest does well to place his conspirators within their historical context, looking at resistance and the motivation for it-along with the dilemmna most felt in committing "treason." These issues, Fest rightly argues, are complex and crucial to our understanding of the German resistance and to the failure of the British, in particular, to take advantage of those who opposed Hitler within Germany in the years immediately before and during the war. …


We carry out simulations based on a four-layer Mie model to systematically analyze the sensing performance of ring resonator chemical vapor sensors. Two sensor configurations are investigated, in which a polymer layer is coated on either interior or exterior surface of a fused silica cylindrical ring resonator. Upon the interaction of the polymer and the vapor analyte, the refractive index (RI) and the thickness of the polymer layer change, leading to a spectral shift in the resonant modes that are supported by the ring resonator. The RI sensitivity and thickness sensitivity are studied as a function of the polymer coating thickness and RI, the ring resonator size and wall thickness, and resonant mode order and polarization. Similarities and differences between the two sensor configurations are also discussed. Our work should provide a general guidance in development of sensitive ring resonator chemical vapor sensors.