Olea europaea, a native plant of the
Mediterranean region, is of great interest to agronomists worldwide, owing to
its health beneficial properties and tolerance to harsh environmental conditions,
along with its economic importance. The productivity and production efficiency
of olive is linearly related to both the level of transpiration and the amount
of water supplied. Under conditions of limited supply of good quality water for
irrigation in Kuwait, deficit irrigation applied at selected phenological
stages can maximize economic gains and minimize environmental damage. Moreover,
mulching contributes to a significant reduction in water requirements via
reducing soil water losses and increasing soil water retention. In this study,
the effects of different irrigation levels, a restitution of 50%, 75% or 100%
of the estimated evapotranspiration rate (ETc), and the application of mulching
on plant growth under the Kuwait environmental conditions were determined to
evaluate the possibilities of reducing the amounts of water supplied with
irrigation. Various parameters determining the vegetative growth of the trees
such as average height, stem girth and number of branches were recorded at
three months intervals. Both the irrigation level and mulching were shown to
possess a significant impact on growth of Sourani olive cultivar under the
Kuwait environmental conditions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant
difference in the height of the trees under all the three irrigation treatments
with mulch and trees under 100% ETc devoid of mulch. In contrast, a significant
difference was exhibited by trees under 100% ETc with mulch and 50% ETc without
mulch. Within each irrigation treatment, trees with mulch presented higher
values for plant height, stem girth and number of shoots. Thus deficit
irrigation of 50% ETc along with organic mulch was shown to enhance vegetative
growth close to its maximum potential by conserving the scarce water resources.


SaveUSA, a voluntary program launched in 2011 in four cities (New York City, Tulsa, San Antonio, and Newark), encourages low- and moderate-income individuals to set aside money from their tax refund for savings. Tax filers at participating Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) sites can directly deposit all or a portion of their tax refund into a special savings account, set up by a bank or credit union, and pledge to save between $200 and $1,000 of their deposit for about a year. Money can be withdrawn from SaveUSA accounts at any time and for any purpose, but only those who maintain their initially pledged savings amount throughout a full year receive a 50 percent match on that amount. Account holders, irrespective of match receipt, can deposit tax refund dollars in subsequent years and become eligible to receive additional savings matches on their new tax refund deposits.This report presents findings on SaveUSA's implementation in all four cities and its early effects on savings and other financial outcomes in two cities: New York City and Tulsa. In these latter cities, a randomly selected half of the tax filers who were interested in SaveUSA in 2011 could open accounts (the "SaveUSA group"), but the other half could not (the control group). The report compares the savings and other financial behaviors of the two groups over time to estimate SaveUSA's effects. The findings thus suggest the effects that savings policies structured similarly to SaveUSA might have.SaveUSA's operation and evaluation are funded through the federal Social Innovation Fund (SIF), a public/private partnership administered by the Corporation for National and Community Service. This particular SIF project is led by the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City and the NYC Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in collaboration with MDRC. Matching funds required by the SIF were provided by several foundations and organizations. CEO, with the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs Office of Financial Empowerment (OFE), which conceived and launched an early version of the model, leads SaveUSA operations; MDRC is conducting the program's evaluation.Key Findings: SaveUSA was implemented successfully in all four cities. During the first program year, individuals in the SaveUSA group directly deposited an average of $506 of their tax refunds into SaveUSA accounts.About two-thirds of those in the SaveUSA group saved for about a year and received a first savings match, which averaged $291 among those who received it. About two-fifths of the SaveUSA group pledged to save part of their tax refund again in the program's second year.At the 18-month follow-up point, SaveUSA had increased the percentage of individuals with any short-term savings (by 7 percentage points) and increased the total amount of savings individuals held on average (by $512), compared with what they would have saved without the program. The program also had increased the proportion of those who expressed a continued commitment to save.No effects were found on individuals' amount of debt, material hardship, or other aspects of financial security over the 18-month follow-up period.A subsequent report in late 2015 will examine SaveUSA's effects over 36 to 42 months and will present a much more complete assessment of whether SaveUSA can sustain savings and improve individuals' overall financial well-being.


ABSTRACT Relatively little is known about how linguistic structure is neurally encoded. The current study examines a relatively subtle manipulation of syntactic and semantic structure: the difference between reading a list of two noun phrases ("sunlit ponds ### green umbrellas") and their syntactic coordination ("sunlit ponds and green umbrellas"). In two ERP experiments, the presence of the coordinator resulted in an increased anterior negativity across the entire second noun phrase, even though coordination had no direct relevance for the memory recognition task. These findings demonstrate that structural connectedness exerts strong, ongoing differences in neural activity even when structured and unstructured materials are very tightly matched in sequence and content. These differences may reflect ongoing maintenance of structure in memory, or computation of the more complex semantic or discourse representation associated with syntactic coordination.


Next-generation terrestrial broadcasting targets at enhancing spectral efficiency to overcome the challenges derived from the spectrum shortage as a result of the progressive allocation of frequencies - the so-called Digital Dividend - to satisfy the growing demands for wireless broadband capacity. Advances in both transmission standards and video coding are paramount to enable the progressive roll-out of high video quality services such as HDTV (High Definition Televison) or Ultra HDTV. The transition to the second generation European terrestrial standard DVB-T2 and the introduction of MPEG-4/AVC video coding already enables the transmission of 4-5 HDTV services per RF (Radio Frequency) channel. However, the impossibility to allocate higher bit-rate within the remaining spectrum could jeopardize the evolution of the DTT platforms in favour of other high-capacity systems such as the satellite or cable distribution platforms. Next steps are focused on the deployment of the recently released High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, which provides more than 50% coding gain with respect to AVC, with the next-generation terrestrial standards. This could ensure the competitiveness of the DTT. This dissertation addresses the use of multi-RF channel aggregation technologies to increase the spectral efficiency of future DTT networks. The core of the Thesis are two technologies: Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) and Channel Bonding (CB). TFS and CB consist in the transmission of the data of a TV service across multiple RF channels instead of using a single channel. CB spreads data of a service over multiple classical RF channels (RF-Mux). TFS spreads the data by time-slicing (slot-by-slot) across multiple RF channels which are sequentially recovered at the receiver by frequency hopping. Transmissions using these features can benefit from capacity and coverage gains. The first one comes from a more efficient statistical multiplexing (StatMux) for Variable Bit Rate (VBR) services due to a StatMux pool over a higher number of services. Furthermore, CB allows increasing service data rate with the number of bonded RF channels and also advantages when combined with SVC (Scalable Video Coding). The coverage gain comes from the increased RF performance due to the reception of the data of a service from different RF channels rather that a single one that could be, eventually, degraded. Robustness against interferences is also improved since the received signal does not depend on a unique potentially interfered RF channel. TFS was firstly introduced as an informative annex in DVB-T2 (not normative) and adopted in DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld). TFS and CB are proposed for inclusion in ATSC 3.0. However, they have never been implemented. The investigations carried out in this dissertation employ an information-theoretical approach to obtain their upper bounds, physical layer simulations to evaluate the performance in real systems and the analysis of field measurements that approach realistic conditions of the network deployments. The analysis report coverage gains about 4-5 dB with 4 RF channels and high capacity gains already with 2 RF channels. This dissertation also focuses on implementation aspects. Channel bonding receivers require one tuner per bonded RF channel. The implementation of TFS with a single tuner demands the fulfilment of several timing requirements. However, the use of just two tuners would still allow for a good performance with a cost-effective implementation by the reuse of existing chipsets or the sharing of existing architectures with dual tuner operation such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output).


Purpose
 There has been much interest in evidence‐informed decision making in education – identifying effective ways of increasing the use of research evidence to provide a basis for management decision making, in both the private and public sectors. However, in education, although there has been much speculation and discussion, there has been a paucity of recent empirical research evidence that provides insights into the characteristics, practice and mechanisms of successful research utilisation strategies. This study aimed to explore how research evidence was successfully disseminated and how the barriers to research use by head teachers (principals) were successfully addressed. The study was qualitative and exploratory in nature and aimed to identify examples of projects led by, and supported by, local education authorities (LEAs), that aimed to help education practitioners to access, engage with, and use the findings from published research and research carried out by themselves, and shared with others.
Design/methodology/approach
 This paper presents and discusses the findings from an empirical study conducted in eight local authorities in England and Wales.

Findings
 The research evidence suggests that to improve research use among managers in education, strategies should focus on facilitating communication networks, partnerships and links between researchers and practitioners, with the key long‐term objective of developing a culture that supports and values the contribution that research can make to management decision making in education.
Originality/value
 Managers in local education authorities (LEAs) can help to build networks, develop partnerships between professionals locally, nationally and internationally, and also act as change agents in the dissemination and adoption of new ideas. However, the research focused on illustrative examples of research use – and further research is needed to evaluate the impact of using research for decision making in education.


Epidemiologic and occupational studies indicate adverse health effects due to inhalation of particulate air pollutants, but precise biologic mechanisms responsible have yet to be fully established. The tracheobronchial epithelium forms the body's first physiologic barrier to such airborne pollutants, where ciliary movement functions to remove the offending substances caught in the overlying mucus layer. Resident and infiltrating phagocytic cells also function in this removal process. In this paper, we examine the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the response of airway epithelium to particulates. Some particulates themselves can generate ROS, as can the epithelial cells, in response to appropriate stimulation. In addition, resident macrophages in the airways and the alveolar spaces can release ROS/RNS after phagocytosis of inhaled particles. These macrophages also release large amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that can generate responses within the airway epithelium dependent upon intracellular generation of ROS/RNS. As a result, signal transduction pathways are set in motion that may contribute to inflammation and other pathobiology in the airway. Such effects include increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, cytosolic and inducible nitric oxide synthase, manganese superoxide dismutase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and hypersecretion of mucus. Ultimately, ROS/RNS may play a role in the global response of the airway epithelium to particulate pollutants via activation of kinases and transcription factors common to many response genes. Thus, defense mechanisms involved in responding to offending particulates may result in a complex cascade of events that can contribute to airway pathology.


We present a new method for determining the Galactic gravitational potential based on forward modeling of tidal stellar streams. We use this method to test the performance of smooth and static analytic potentials in representing realistic dark matter halos, which have substructure and are continually evolving by accretion. Our FAST-FORWARD method uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to compare, in six-dimensional phase space, an "observed" stream to models created in trial analytic potentials. We analyze a large sample of streams that evolved in the Via Lactea II (VL2) simulation, which represents a realistic Galactic halo potential. The recovered potential parameters are in agreement with the best fit to the global, present-day VL2 potential. However, merely assuming an analytic potential limits the dark matter halo mass measurement to an accuracy of 5%–20%, depending on the choice of analytic parameterization. Collectively, the mass estimates using streams from our sample reach this fundamental limit, but individually they can be highly biased. Individual streams can both under- and overestimate the mass, and the bias is progressively worse for those with smaller perigalacticons, motivating the search for tidal streams at galactocentric distances larger than 70 kpc. We estimate that the assumption of a static and smooth dark matter potential in modeling of the GD-1- and Pal5-like streams introduces an error of up to 50% in the Milky Way mass estimates.


This paper is a survey of the work, done for making an IDS fault tolerant.Architecture of IDS that uses mobile Agent provides higher scalability. Mobile Agent uses Platform for detecting Intrusions using filter Agent, co-relater agent, Interpreter agent and rule database. When server (IDS Monitor) goes down, other hosts based on priority takes Ownership. This architecture uses decentralized collection and analysis for identifying Intrusion. Rule sets are fed based on user-behaviour or applicationbehaviour.This paper suggests that intrusion detection system (IDS) must be fault tolerant; otherwise, the intruder may first subvert the IDS then attack the target system at will.


This short Essay examines the assurance theory of contract, originally developed by T.M. Scanlon and recently revived and revised by Emmanuel Voyiakis. Scanlon's duty-based account of contract properly highlights the intimate connection between contract and the value of choice. In turn, Voyiakis' revision implies that contract's normative underpinning must also serve as the foundation for its distinct requirements for justice. Notwithstanding these virtues, I criticize assurance theory in both its versions, arguing that it fails to capture the essence of contract. That is, contract is first and foremost power-conferring, not duty-imposing. This failure, I further claim, undermines assurance theory's ability to properly account for the robustness and the foundation of contract-based obligations; it also obscures both the premise and the challenge of contract law's justice-based rules.


Abstract. Balloon-borne measurements of CFC11 (from the DIRAC in situ gas chromatograph and the DESCARTES grab sampler), ClO and O3 were made during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter as part of the SOLVE-THESEO 2000 campaign, based in Kiruna (Sweden). Here we present the CFC11 data from nine flights and compare them first with data from other instruments which flew during the campaign and then with the vertical distributions calculated by the SLIMCAT 3D CTM. We calculate ozone loss inside the Arctic vortex between late January and early March using the relation between CFC11 and O3 measured on the flights. The peak ozone loss (~1200ppbv) occurs in the 440-470K region in early March in reasonable agreement with other published empirical estimates. There is also a good agreement between ozone losses derived from three balloon tracer data sets used here. The magnitude and vertical distribution of the loss derived from the measurements is in good agreement with the loss calculated from SLIMCAT over Kiruna for the same days.


The running argument between those who advocate expansionary monetary policies and rising prices, on the one hand, and those who favor stable or falling prices, on the other hand, is very old. American debate on this subject traces its origins to the 17th century. Deflation, accompanied by complaints of a scarcity of money, was present in both England and her colonies in America. British government policies prohibited exporting gold and silver to the colonies. The precious metals earned by Americans in trade with the Spanish colonies were sent to Britain in payment for British goods. In 1722 the Governor of Pennsylvania wrote to his superiors, the absentee Penn family, in England:


This paper exploits a government initiative to analyze the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for individuals with mild or moderate mental illness and multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) for individuals with pain in back and shoulders. We employ a propensity score matching approach to study the effects on sick leave, health care consumption and drug prescriptions. We find that CBT improved health and prevented sick leave for individuals who were not on sick leave when treatment was initiated but had no effect for individuals who were on sick leave when the treatment was initiated. MDT was a failure regardless of the individual's sick leave status at the time of treatment. MDT increased sick leave while having no long term impact on either health care visits or drug prescriptions.


The activation mechanism in phosphorous implanted silicon under excimer laser irradiation is investigated. The activation efficiency in the solid phase has been measured in a wide range of irradiation conditions, tuning the laser fluence in the sub-, partial, and total melting regime. Moreover, fixing the fluence, the activation as a function of the shot number has been analyzed. The total active fraction varies by several orders of magnitude and shows a complex trend depending on the process conditions. Our model, based on the interaction between defects and the active/inactive impurities, explains this scenario. In particular, it predicts experimental P active profiles, thus demonstrating that the status of the defect system rules the activation phenomenon, where the coupling between dopant and defect clusters at the early irradiation stage plays a crucial role.


Importance To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of eruptive keratoacanthomas (KAs) in patients receiving pembrolizumab. Objective To report the cases of 3 consecutive patients with pembrolizumab-induced eruptive KAs and their management. Design, Setting, and Participants Case report study of 3 patients from 2 centers with pembrolizumab-treated cancer who all developed eruptive KAs. Interventions All 3 patients had AK treatment with clobetasol ointment and intralesional triamcinolone; 2 patients also underwent open superficial cryosurgery. Results Three consecutive patients with cancer, 2 men and 1 woman (median age, 83 years; range 77-91 years), experienced pembrolizumab-associated eruptive KAs. All patients presented with a sudden onset of multiple lesions on sun-exposed areas of their extremities after a median of 13 months (range, 4-18 months) of pembrolizumab therapy. On lesional biopsy, a lichenoid infiltrate was observed in the underlying dermis, predominantly composed of CD3+ T cells, scattered CD20+ B cells, and relatively few PD-1+ (programmed cell death 1–positive) T cells, an immunophenotypic pattern also observed in other cases of anti–PD-1–induced lichenoid dermatitis. Patients were treated with clobetasol ointment and intralesional triamcinolone, alone or in combination with open superficial cryosurgery. All KAs resolved in all patients, and no new lesions occurred during close follow-up. Pembrolizumab treatment was continued without disruption in all 3 cases, and all patients had complete responses of their primary cancers. Conclusions and Relevance Pembrolizumab is used in advanced melanoma, advanced non–small-cell lung cancer, and in head and neck cancer. A variety of dermatologic immune-related adverse events including maculopapular eruption, lichenoid reactions, pruritus, and vitiligo have been described. This case series demonstrates that pembrolizumab therapy may also be associated with eruptive KAs with characteristic dermal inflammation, which improved with corticosteroid treatment (topical and intralesional) alone or in combination with cryosurgery, allowing patients to continue therapy with pembrolizumab.


The effect of AlCl3 as a catalyst in direct condensation of homopolymerization and copolymerization of (rac and l)-lactic acid was studied. The morphological effect of dimer formation via racemization during polymerization with respect to time and catalyst concentration was investigated at 180°C under vacuum conditions (176 mmHg). The sequence distribution of triads and hexads was analyzed using 13C NMR spectroscopy. A combination of Avrami and Ozawa equations for mathematical modelling of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the synthesized poly(d,l-lactic acid) produced consistent results with the experimental data under these conditions. It is shown that AlCl3 promotes racemization which leads to formation of ill-defined polymers, as demonstrated by determinations of molecular weight distribution (Mn < 5279 g/mol, PDI = 1.4-3), optical purity (91.67% - 99.36%) and melting temperature (143-155°C). The activation energy for crystal growth during the cooling of molten samples of poly(d,l-lactic acid), as determined by Kissinger method, is found to be 45 kcal per mol. In this respect, the microstructural effect of copolymers on their thermal behaviour is discussed.


This article explores the purpose, structure and experience of doctoral studies in Canadian law schools. Relying on an auto-ethnographic methodology, where we draw on our personal experience as doctoral students, we identify three tensions in doctoral studies in law. We explore how these tensions — between practice/theory, structure/space, and supervisory/other relationships — emerge from the structure of doctoral studies in law and how they manifest themselves in the lived experience of doctoral students. We detail how these tensions are product of the ambiguous and underexplored nature of doctoral studies in law. By making these tensions explicit, we encourage doctoral students, law professors and administrators to reflect more critically on the place of doctoral studies in Canadian law schools.


Introduction Portable computers and wireless communication network increasingly play a significant role in basic infrastructures of working interactions. However, the technologies involved in this miniature and wireless world possess inherent constraints for application services with the standards of interactivity, media handling, and performance as offered by modern information services on wired-networked desktop platforms. The challenger is even greater in the case of groupware systems, when different end-user' platforms would exist, and even though functional equivalence and an adequate Quality of Service should be pursuit. At the end, for the author, major challenges related to mobile computing and relevant applications are raised by the human factor and circumstances of use. From this perspective, effective solutions can be achieved only if a human-centred development approach is employed, taking highly into consideration users' abilities, their task to be computer supported, and the real conditions of use. In the target application scenario of this work, a mobile worker is in movement or engaged in activities that are not bound to a desk, and he/she still needs to access relevant digital information and means to discuss and obtain assistance from a remote professional expert. Factually, technical solutions for application scenarios as previously described exist since relatively long time. However, requirements for granting user's mobility and people expectations from IT support (e.g. real-time videoconference) grow in an astonishing pace as the technological evolutions in this area. Hence, a challenge remains to keep the respective application systems in the same course of continuous improvement and able to cope with diversity of possible basis infrastructure. Motivation and Objectives of this Work The motivation of this dissertation is to foster the development of more effective application systems to support mobile activities that should promote the satisfaction of both the cognitive and ergonomic needs of mobile users, and to accomplish an effective digital mediation to a human-to-human communication process despite technological absences and differences (for example, technological arrangements), which will certainly exist between the end-users. Based on these motivating challenges, the general aims of this research are: · To evaluate relevant appliances and communication network entities involved in Mobile Computing in terms of usability and appropriateness; · To analyse representative application cases with the aim to create a set of correlation between their operational circumstances and requisites, and the necessary supporting platform and system features; and · To exploit the former results in the design and implementation of an interpersonal communication tool. The emphasis and novelty of the design approach shall be the combined concern for the out-of-the-ordinary "mobile component", the issues and effects of remote, collaborative computing between asymmetrical parts, and the way both call for adaptive systems features. Contribution of this Work The main relevant contributions of this work are: · Development of a "User and Task Analysis Framework", which was later verified in two real application cases and continuously improved. The advancement with this Framework relies on the possibility to work on relations and dependencies between the diverse task, context, and user requirements; and the candidate technological entities; · Development of innovative tools for to modify information representation leading to optimal data distribution and service provision in the view of extreme network constraints; · Depiction of revealing issues and methods for an adaptive behaviour of an application system employing a human-centred approach; · Development of an adaptive conferencing system – "MASP" (Mobile Applications Supportive Pals). This system is able to cope with heterogeneous end-platforms and serves users with different abilities and roles, and in different conditions of usage; with this regards, the system offers flexible settings of individual interaction modes and media handling process that are nevertheless consistent for a collaborative work; · Development of an innovative "monitoring tool" – "RIN" (Resource Information Network); conceived to assist distributed application systems in their ability to adapt functionality according to the current state of selected local or remote resources and operating conditions; and · A successful integrated solution: the monitoring tool with the adaptive conference system.


The European refugee crisis has a central role in media and political narratives about migration these days. By applying critical metaphor analysis, this article explores how the Spanish press framed the crisis using metaphors in 2015, 2016, and 2017. The evolution of the different ways of conceptualizing migrants and European policies shows two metaphorical frames: the dehumanization frame, where refugees are a natural disaster/mass water or objects/goods, and the humanization frame, where migrants are positively framed as travelers, but also negatively, as troublemakers. Spain as a political actor has no agency till 2016 and 2017, when it is portrayed under the living thing source domain, mainly in a negative way. It is concluded the way in which the refugee crisis is framed is in line either with EU relocation or resettlement policies and points out the connection between language and policy.


On March 17, 2011 the conductor Riccardo Muti stood in the orchestra pit at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma and, in the presence of the Italian Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi and the Italian President, Giorgio Napolitano, denounced the Italian government's cuts to funding for the arts and culture. He then invited the entire audience to join the opera's chorus in an encore of Va' Pensiero, the hymn of the Hebrew slaves in Nabucco, to protest the cuts. Within two days of that sing-a-long, the Italian government reversed the course it set more than ten months before and agreed to a tax that would be used to restore funds to the arts and culture budget. In this article, I trace how and why those acts of protest in Italy developed, succeeded, and then were appropriated by transnational activists interested in encouraging popular constitutionalism. Because that entire process made considerable use of Facebook, blogs, YouTube, and Twitter, this case study simultaneously explores how a popular protest became a successful expression of popular constitutionalism and considers how the messages of that protest evolved across a transnational public sphere that encompassed Web 2.0.


The formation of a periodic transverse structure in the light field in a resonator consisting of mirrors and a thin layer of a nonlinear medium is considered. It is shown that, when the resonator length is a multiple of one half of the Talbot length, there exist periodic structures that are self-imaged under propagation through both the empty part of the resonator and the nonlinear medium. The influence of aperture losses is estimated. It is suggested that this type of a resonator may be useful for diode-array-pumped solid-state lasers.


Ventricular assist devices (VADs), among which the HeartMate 3 (HM3) is the latest clinically approved representative, are often the therapy of choice for patients with end-stage heart failure. Despite advances in the prevention of pump thrombosis, rates of stroke and bleeding remain high. These complications are attributed to the flow field within the VAD, among other factors. One of the HM3's characteristic features is an artificial pulse that changes the rotor speed periodically by 4000 rpm, which is meant to reduce zones of recirculation and stasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of this speed modulation on the flow fields and stresses using high-resolution computational fluid dynamics. To this end, we compared Eulerian and Lagrangian features of the flow fields during constant pump operation, during operation with the artificial pulse feature, and with the effect of the residual native cardiac cycle. We observed good washout in all investigated situations, which may explain the low incidence rates of pump thrombosis. The artificial pulse had no additional benefit on scalar washout performance, but it induced rapid variations in the flow velocity and its gradients. This may be relevant for the removal of deposits in the pump. Overall, we found that viscous stresses in the HM3 were lower than in other current VADs. However, the artificial pulse substantially increased turbulence, and thereby also total stresses, which may contribute to clinically observed issues related to hemocompatibility.


The trade paperback of Ryanair, published in June 2004, has already sold nearly 20,000 copies and is in its sixth printing - testament to the fascination this maverick company has for both the business community and the general reader (and budget air traveller). In Ireland it has been a number-one bestseller (indeed, is still in the chart); here it is selling in significant quantities from airports and bookshops around the country. It remains the only book about the airline and its buccaneering chief executive, Michael O'Leary. With Ryanair continuing to expand, the battle for the low-cost airline market in Europe becoming ever more cutthroat, and O'Leary happy to do battle with everyone from airports (for their landing charges) to his own pilots (over pay and conditions) - and generate an endless stream of PR and news stories in the process - the B-format edition of Siobhan Creaton's book is fully updated to take account of all Ryanair's most recent history.


The increased membrane tension at the leading edge of a migrating cell maintains cell polarity. During migration, cells adopt a polarized morphology in which protrusions and actin polymerization, which are driven by the guanosine triphosphatase Rac, are confined to the leading edge. Maintenance of cell polarity during migration is thought to be a result of feedback mechanisms involving either the accumulation of polarity components at the leading edge or the production at the leading edge of inhibitors that diffuse through the cytosol to prevent the formation of competing cell fronts. Houk et al. performed mathematical modeling and experiments with polarized human neutrophils to test the role of these diffusion-based mechanisms in maintaining cell polarity. In their system, the migrating cell consisted of a cell protrusion or pseudopod at the front, which was connected to the rest of the cell body by a thin cellular tether. When the tether was severed by laser dissection, almost half of the cell bodies formed a new pseudopod, which suggested that inhibitory molecules had not accumulated in the cell body before dissection. FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) experiments showed that the tether inhibited the diffusion of green fluorescent protein from the pseudopod to the cell body. Optical trapping experiments showed that the membrane tension at the pseudopod was twice that of the rest of the cell. By applying suction through a micropipette tip in contact with the cell body of a migrating cell, the authors increased membrane tension in the cell body, which resulted in retraction of the pseudopod and inhibition of Rac activity, as measured by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Finally, hypertonic buffer, which decreased membrane tension throughout the cell, expanded the area of the leading edge. Thus, the authors suggest that membrane tension in the leading edge, and not diffusible components, constrains signaling and maintains polarity by inhibiting the formation of other pseudopods. A. R. Houk, A. Jilkine, C. O. Mejean, R. Boltyanskiy, E. R. Dufresne, S. B. Angenent, S. J. Altschuler, L. F. Wu, O. D. Weiner, Membrane tension maintains cell polarity by confining signals to the leading edge during neutrophil migration. Cell 148, 175–188 (2012). [Online Journal]


The supply chain environment today is a collaborative business environment in which the members of supply chains are interlinked with each other. Hence the collaboration extends in supply chains to inter- and intra-enterprise applications, the so-called collaboration tools, such as customer relationship management, supplier relationship management, e-business and employee-business integration. In order to achieve this collaboration, supply chains also realize the need to implement integrated collaboration tools, which integrate tightly their intra- and inter-supply chain processes. With new technologies like Web-enabled services, wireless applications, and software applications, the supply chain today needs frameworks that consider the requirements of collaborative supply chain scenarios. This chapter thus will introduce a framework to ensure that collaboration at all supply chain levels is considered at a very early stage of the project so that the integrated supply chain collaboration can be designed and implemented. A case study of an application of collaboration tools is presented. This framework was used successfully to design and implement a collaborative integrated-enterprise system for a manufacturing enterprise. However, collaboration in supply chain is only effective if the collaboration tools are integrated or used jointly by supply chain and their collaborative partners. Therefore, this chapter first explains the concept of collaboration tools and its importance in the supply chain, evaluates the requirements for supply chain management (SCM), and tries to ascertain the collaborative problem areas specifically within supplier and SCM relations.


BACKGROUND: The Temple Touch Pro (TTP) is a novel system that estimates core temperature from skin over the temporal artery. We tested the hypothesis that this noninvasive system estimates core temperature to an accuracy within 0.5°C. METHODS: Core temperature was continuously monitored in 50 adult and pediatric surgical patients by positioning the sensor patch of a TTP over one temporal artery. The sensor consists of a thermistor array near the skin surface, another set of thermistors above an insulator, and a second insulator between the upper unit and the environment. The sensor measures skin temperature and heat flux, from which the monitor unit estimates core temperature from a proprietary algorithm. Reference core temperature was measured from the esophagus or nasopharynx. We conducted agreement analysis between the TTP and the reference core temperature measurements using the 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement for repeated measurement data. The proportion of all differences that were within 0.5°C and repeat measures concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were estimated as well. RESULTS: TTP and the reference core temperature measurements agreed well in both adults and pediatric patients. Bland-Altman plots showed no evidence of systematic bias or variability over the temperature from 35.2°C to 37.8°C. The estimated 95% lower and upper limits of agreement were −0.57°C (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.76 to −0.41) and 0.57°C (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.71), indicating good agreement between the 2 methods. Ninety-four percentage (95% CI, 87% to 99%) of the TTP temperatures were within 0.5°C of the reference temperature. Good agreement was also supported by an estimated repeated measures CCC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.91). The TTP core temperature measurements also agreed well with nasopharyngeal reference temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: The noninvasive TTP system is sufficiently accurate and reliable for routine intraoperative core temperature monitoring.


OBJECTIVE
To examine prospectively the accuracy of an initial diagnosis for fibromyalgia (FM).

METHODS
All patients newly referred for rheumatology consultation in a 6-month period were evaluated prospectively for either a preceding, current or subsequent diagnosis of FM. Clinical characteristics, previous and subsequent management and health care utilization were assessed. The final diagnosis at 6 months was verified and accuracy regarding the diagnosis of FM was assessed.

RESULTS
Seventy six (12%) of all new patients were either referred with a question of FM or finally diagnosed with FM. At the final evaluation the accuracy of the diagnosis regarding FM by either the referring physician or by the rheumatologist at the time of the initial visit was correct in 34% of patients. The FM group in comparison with those with some other rheumatological diagnosis had more tender points (12.5 vs 4) and were more fatigued. In contrast, prolonged early morning stiffness and limitation of lumbar spinal mobility in more than one plane was more common in the non-FM group.

CONCLUSION
There is a disturbing inaccuracy, mostly observed to be overdiagnosis, in the diagnosis of FM by referring physicians. This finding may help explain the current high reported rates of FM and caution physicians to consider other diagnostic possibilities when addressing diffuse musculoskeletal pain.


The Notch pathway ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) functions as an antiangiogenic factor, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–induced angiogenesis. This function is documented in tumor and embryonic vasculature. However, its implication in burn wounds remains unexplored. Our objective was to explore the involvement of the Notch in the healing of zone of stasis burns. We hypothesized that anti-Dll4 therapy would prevent progressive necrosis in the stasis zone by promoting angiogenesis. Burns were created in 21 rats using the comb burn model. The Notch inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine-t-butyl-ester was administered in the treatment group. Controls were given the same amount of solvent. Seven days after the burn, skin samples were evaluated for VEGF and Dll4 gene expressions. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for the assessment of vascular density, endothelial Dll4 expression, and apoptosis count. Histologic grading of tissue damage was performed. Circulating levels of VEGF and Dll4 were determined. VEGF and Dll4 mRNA levels were found to be simultaneously induced after the burn. In the treatment group, a significant increase in the number of vessels was observed. However, gross evaluation documented an expansion of necrosis to the zone of stasis with marked activation of apoptosis. Histologic assessment showed that the resultant vascular overgrowth was accompanied by extensive edema and abundant infiltration of leukocytes. We provide evidence for the involvement of Notch in the regulation of angiogenesis in zone of stasis burns.


We describe a new approach for the purely Eulerian simulation of incompressible fluids. In it, the fluid state is represented by a C2-valued wave function evolving under the Schrödinger equation subject to incompressibility constraints. The underlying dynamical system is Hamiltonian and governed by the kinetic energy of the fluid together with an energy of Landau-Lifshitz type. The latter ensures that dynamics due to thin vortical structures, all important for visual simulation, are faithfully reproduced. This enables robust simulation of intricate phenomena such as vortical wakes and interacting vortex filaments, even on modestly sized grids. Our implementation uses a simple splitting method for time integration, employing the FFT for Schrödinger evolution as well as constraint projection. Using a standard penalty method we also allow arbitrary obstacles. The resulting algorithm is simple, unconditionally stable, and efficient. In particular it does not require any Lagrangian techniques for advection or to counteract the loss of vorticity. We demonstrate its use in a variety of scenarios, compare it with experiments, and evaluate it against benchmark tests. A full implementation is included in the ancillary materials.


A series of heavy alkaline–earth (Ae) iodide coordination compounds is reported that contains various neutral donor ligands, including triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3), tri-n-propylphosphine oxide (OPPr3), tetraethyl urea (TEU), dimethylpropylene urea (DMPU), and the nitrosobenzene dimer ([ONPh]2). Phosphine oxides can displace iodide from calcium or barium in coordination complexes, sometimes displaying cooperative binding and/or generating cationic species of the general formula [AeIm(OPR3)6−(m+p)(THF)p](2−m)+. In particular, despite the nonstoichiometric ratio of the reagents, 2 equiv. of OPPh3 react with CaI2 in THF to generate CaI2(OPPh3)3(THF) (1), although the use of 4 equiv. will produce the expected CaI2(OPPh3)4 (2). With CaI2 and 5 equiv. of tri(n-propyl)phosphine oxide, the cationic species [CaI(OPPr3)5]I (3) is formed. With 4 equiv. of OPPh3 and BaI2 in THF, the cation [BaI(OPPh3)5]I (4) is generated. For comparative purposes, the ureas tetraethylurea (TEU) and N,N′-dimethylpropylene urea (DMPU) were used to form the complexes CaI2(TEU)4 (5) and CaI2(DMPU)6 (6). Nitrosobenzene reacts with CaI2 in THF to form CaI2(O2N2Ph2)2(THF)2, which in the presence of trace amounts of water is converted to the hydrogen-bonded [Ca(O2N2Ph2)(H2O)2(THF)3]I2 (7). Crystal structures are reported for 3–5 and 7; the latter is the first for the nitrosobenzene dimer in a main group complex.


Background Disseminated dormant cancer cells can resume growth and eventually form overt metastases, but the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for this change remains obscure. We previously established that cell surface interaction between urokinase receptor (uPAR) and α5β1-integrin initiates a sequel of events, involving MAPK-ERK activation that culminates in progressive cancer growth. We also identified the site on uPAR that binds α5β1-integrin. Disruption of uPAR/integrin interaction blocks ERK activation and forces cancer cells into dormancy. Methods and Principle Findings Using a target structure guided computation docking we identified 68 compounds from a diversity library of 13,000 small molecules that were predicted to interact with a previously identified integrin-binding site on uPAR. Of these 68 chemical hits, ten inhibited ERK activation in a cellular assay and of those, 2 compounds, 2-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)-quinolin-8-ol and, 2,2′-(methylimino)di (8-quinolinol) inhibited ERK activation by disrupting the uPAR/integrins interaction. These two compounds, when applied in vivo, inhibited ERK activity and tumor growth and blocked metastases of a model head and neck carcinoma. Conclusions/Significance We showed that interaction between two large proteins (uPAR and α5β1-integrin) can be disrupted by a small molecule leading to profound downstream effects. Because this interaction occurs in cells with high uPAR expression, a property almost exclusive to cancer cells, we expect a new therapy based on these lead compounds to be cancer cell specific and minimally toxic. This treatment, rather than killing disseminated metastatic cells, should induce a protracted state of dormancy and prevent overt metastases.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to identify and establish the relationship between intrapreneurs and the Dynamic Capabilities (DC) framework in a company. This relationship aided us in exploring whether intrapreneurs could positively influence the sensing, seizing and transforming of innovations. Findings: This paper explored and identified a possible applicability of intrapreneurial theory and dynamic capabilities in the Innovation Value Chain. Ten intrapreneurial skills that could be carried out by an Innovation Agent (IA) in various parts of the innovation chain were identified. The results showed how these intrapreneurial skills could positively influence the dynamic capabilities and contribute to an improvement in sensing, seizing and transforming of idea in full-scale innovations. Although it was shown that intrapreneurs positively influence the sensing, seizing and transforming as separate elements of the dynamic capabilities framework, it was also discovered that intrapreneurs play a crucial role in managing the 'dynamic capabilities' and 'Innovation Value Chain' as a whole. They do this by synthesizing and connecting the separate elements. In addition, a roadmap illustrating the focus areas of these intrapreneurial skills within the innovation chain was formulated during the study. Research Implications: The research findings contribute to the understanding the Innovation Value Chain through the lens of the Dynamic Capabilities Framework which consists of sensing, seizing and transforming and how the role of intrapreneurship could positively influence the dynamic capabilities and contribute to a better innovation process. Practical Implications: The practical implications of this study contribute to the innovation management of big high tech global companies. The use of intrapreneurs contributes to addressing the bureaucracy and innovation barriers that big companies usually create as part of their organizational structure and culture. Although it was discovered that all employees and managers should act as intrapreneurs, the research showed that in big global companies there is a need for a separate role of Innovation Agent, who would be responsible for seeing the 'big picture of the innovation process', supporting and navigating the employees with innovative ideas through the complexity of innovation process, and playing diverse intrapreneurial roles in order to creatively address the barriers to innovation in the company.


Museum based learning and cultural (un)consciousness

What do we keep stuff for? In particular what lies behind the cultural inclination to select, collect, conserve and display objects and keep them expensively in museums for public benefit? The regional Harris Museum local to the university where I work in Preston in the North West of England is home to a permanent collection and runs temporary exhibition programmes housed in a late 19th century building, resplendent with neo-classical portico and pediment of self-conscious grandeur, raised above the main city square on what appears from the front aspect to be a massive plinth. In fact the portico is for the birds. A side entrance allows access to human visitors via a gloomy, atrium tucked away underneath. Once inside, the museum offers a monumental setting, with rotunda and grand staircase from of four stories rising 120 feet to the lantern that surmounts the roof; the walls are embellished with stucco friezes. It is as if the visitor must be chastened and over-awed, the better to abase her before the high culture she is about to receive.

Following Adorno (2002) we might consider that the import of the cultural institution lies less in its overt function than in what it reveals of societal contradictions by virtue of its own dynamic relation to the social and political context, and the public it ostensibly serves. This changes over time and in its current form The Harris has become a site of struggle between modernisers who want to put culture at the heart of local regeneration, so transforming the museum into a civic hub, and conservationists who hope to preserve an emblem of Victorian civic pride intact for the edification of future citizens. In the febrile political climate of Brexit, the museum is also enmeshed in tensions between cosmopolitanism and provincial retranchement, and between sentimental nostalgia and the manic optimism of populism.

There is much in museum curation and education, as well, as in the contents of institutions such as The Harris that enables us to reflect on what we unconsciously value as a society, what we repudiate, and how these change through processes which at the time are themselves socially unconscious. I became interested in how cultural institutions relate to their publics, when it occurred to me that part of what they do is offer a space for the contemplation of what we might tacitly know, but have not yet conceived – or what we might call the 'unthought knowns' of cultural life (Bollas 1987). The function of the museum is as much to hold the line against a collective forgetting through memorialization (Mack 2003) as it is a repository for the evolving symbolic life of city, region or nation. Museum collections may literally 'hold' tacit or disavowed cultural knowledge until there is an interpretive community ready and willing to receive it. Such is arguably the case with historical records of slavery or the subjugation of aboriginal peoples. Over time, and in the particular quality of setting the museum can provide, we encounter objects that stimulate associations, thoughts and feelings whereby the unthought known can find symbolic form in material culture and be recognized. In this respect the educational function of the museum is not so much to inform us of culture as to hold up a mirror to it so that, as Winnicott (1971) would have put it, each generation discovers for themselves what is there to be found. As individuals when we visit a museum we encounter an array of objects into which we can project self states and aspects of our habitual relations to people and things. They may become objects of identification and identity formation (Newman and Maclean 2006). They may also offer an aesthetic third (Froggett and Trustram 2014) around which we can elaborate new symbolisations.

In this article, rather than approach the knowing and learning that takes place in museums from the field of museology, I take a psycho-societal perspective drawing on a psychoanalytically informed tradition of thinking on culture from British and Continental traditions that converges on the problem of our relation to the sensible world. The question of interest here is how what is socially unconscious, or in the hinterland of consciousness, can be apprehended through the collections that a museum houses. Museology in general has been more concerned with what we can 'see' than with what is 'hidden', although the accent on visual display has begun to change as the 'post-museum' seeks out new opportunities for encounter and communication with its audiences (Barrett 2011). This opens the door to a psycho-societal perspective that asks what emerges in the space of interaction between museum going publics, the museum contents (including its personnel), and the society on whose behalf this work is done. I shall give an example of the interpretive potentials of material objects followed by a brief overview of the educational function of the museum in its instructional and interactive modes. This will help to clarify the museum's epistemic role (Born & Barry 2010, Muller et al 2006, Miettinen and Virkkunen 2005) in enabling an interaction with its objects that produces reflexive cultural knowledge.


The berry tree is native to the dry climates such as Iran. Its fruit is juicy and rich in sugars, minerals and vitamins. Condensed mulberry extract has a lot of applications in various food industries as sweetener. The purpose of this study was to introduce a suitable method for production of high quality mulberry extract in order to prevent the loss of mulberries at the time of production peak and use the unique properties of berry fruit outside of the production season.In this project, three concentrating methods such as sunny, under conventional conditions and vacuum concentration were used to produce samples with desired brix of 65. Samples were packed in plastic pet bottles and kept in a lab environment away from sunlight for 3 months. Physicochemical experiments including pH, acidity, consistency, color, transparency and sensory properties such as flavor, aroma, concentration and total acceptance of samples were performed in two stages of 3 months and the results compared with each other. The results showed that the color factors L ab were more suitable in traditional samples. These factors decreased over time. The highest pH belonged to the industrial sample (4.84) and the lowest pH belonged to the sunny sample (4.61), and the pH of the samples decreased over time. The transparency of sunny sample (1.57) and industrial (0.804) were the highest and the lowest, respectively and transparency increased over time. In terms of sensory properties, the taste and aroma of traditional sample with scores (3) and (2.916) and the concentration of sunny sample with score (3.416) were the best samples.In conclusion, the traditional sample was selected, and the sunny sample was ranked second.


Unconventional and provocative, My Life with Things is Elizabeth Chin's meditation on her relationship with consumer goods and a critical statement on the politics and method of anthropology. Chin centers the book on diary entries that focus on everyday items—kitchen cabinet knobs, shoes, a piano—and uses them to intimately examine the ways consumption resonates with personal and social meaning: from writing love haikus about her favorite nail polish and discussing the racial implications of her tooth cap, to revealing how she used shopping to cope with a miscarriage and contemplating how her young daughter came to think that she needed Lunesta. Throughout, Chin keeps Karl Marx and his family's relationship to their possessions in mind, drawing parallels between Marx's napkins, the production of late nineteenth-century table linens, and Chin's own vintage linen collection. Unflinchingly and refreshingly honest, Chin unlocks the complexities of her attachments to, reliance on, and complicated relationships with her things. In so doing, she prompts readers to reconsider their own consumption, as well as their assumptions about the possibilities for creative scholarship.


Profitability of commercial swine enterprises is affected by a variety of factors, such as the pig's genetic potential, environment, feed intake, ingredient availability and market prices. Each of these factors needs to be considered in designing the most optimal and profitable feeding and management system. The final feeding and management strategy implemented may be different for each individual production unit and will also vary with changing environmental and economical conditions. The challenge to the producer is to manage all variables in such a way that productivity and profitability are optimized. Feed represents approximately 65 to 75% of the total cost of producing pork and approximately 75% of this amount is fed in the grow-finish phase of production. Close attention is needed to develop a nutrition and feeding management program to increase the potential for profitability.


Abstract. Over 2000 km of Western Australian coastline experienced a significant marine heat wave in February and March 2011. Seawater temperature anomalies of +2–4 °C were recorded at a number of locations, and satellite-derived SSTs (sea surface temperatures) were the highest on record. Here, we present seawater temperatures from southwestern Australia and describe, in detail, the marine climatology of Cockburn Sound, a large, multiple-use coastal embayment. We compared temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in 2011 with data from routine monitoring conducted from 2002–2010. A significant warming event, 2–4 °C in magnitude, persisted for > 8 weeks, and seawater temperatures at 10 to 20 m depth were significantly higher than those recorded in the previous 9 yr. Dissolved oxygen levels were depressed at most monitoring sites, being ~ 2 mg l−1 lower than usual in early March 2011. Ecological responses to short-term extreme events are poorly understood, but evidence from elsewhere along the Western Australian coastline suggests that the heat wave was associated with high rates of coral bleaching; fish, invertebrate and macroalgae mortalities; and algal blooms. However, there is a paucity of historical information on ecologically-sensitive habitats and taxa in Cockburn Sound, so that formal examinations of biological responses to the heat wave were not possible. The 2011 heat wave provided insights into conditions that may become more prevalent in Cockburn Sound, and elsewhere, if the intensity and frequency of short-term extreme events increases as predicted.


Blockages in sewers are major causes of both sewer flooding and pollution. Water companies which fail to tackle this problem face hefty fines and high operational costs if they unsuccessful to provide a practical solution to prevent flooding. As a result, the detection of sewer condition is routinely required to inform on the best course of action to eliminate this critical problem. This paper presents a novel low cost wireless sensor technology to detect blockages proactively, and feed these event data back to a central control room. The practical deployment of the proposed WSN in an urban area will be demonstrated. In addition, the challenges of this technology in a field trial and the recorded data in terms of the sensor and communication reliability will be addressed.


Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) represent 25% of primary lung neoplasms. Diagnosing PNEN presents a significant challenge because of the heterogeneous clinical, radiographic and endoscopic presentations as well as varying degrees of malignant potential. The incidence of PNEN is expected to increase as a result of better diagnostic methods. Methods used in the diagnosis and staging of PNEN are similar to methods used in other types of lung cancers. Differentiation of PNEN from other types of lung tumors and between PNEN subtypes is difficult, which results in misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment and poor prognosis. Imaging methods represent a gold standard in diagnosing and staging PNEN. Almost half of pulmonary carcinoids (PC) are incidentally discovered on standard chest X-rays. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and upper abdomen is required to define the primary tumor and its local and distant extent. When a lung tumor is suspected based on imaging methods, appropriate additional endoscopic and/or imagining methods need to be selected. It is of great importance to choose an adequate method for disease staging because the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and isotope-labeled somatostatin analogues varies according to tumor histology. Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT plays an important role in identifying the tumor, its localization, size, invasion, as well as staging, and new radionuclide tracers are the future of PNEN diagnostics. Besides the use of biopsies and cytological findings in the classification of PNEN, immunohistochemical markers have an important role in the differential diagnosis of these tumors, and are used to help pathologists diagnose various subtypes of PNEN. The aim of this review is to present available biochemical, imaging and endoscopic markers/methods used in the diagnosis of PNEN and to provide a suitable diagnostic algorithm.


This paper focuses on English influence on Norwegian lexis and addresses the orthographic adaptation of import words, such as the change from blog to blogg , or squash to skvasj . This adaptation can be viewed from a top-down perspective, by considering the effect of standardisation decisions made by the Norwegian Language Council, or from a bottom-up perspective, by considering unsolicited adaptation initiated by the language users themselves. Both types are observable in the 900 million word Norwegian Newspaper Corpus (NNC). The paper aims to show that the NNC lends itself easily to a large-scale investigation of either top-down or bottom-up adaptation. First of all, the corpus-based investigation illustrates the extent to which English-based import words are represented using original or adapted orthography. Secondly, the corpus provides empirical data that may shed significant light on the linguistic aspects of the adaptation process. Thus, through a quantitative and qualitative inspection of the data, I point to a set of linguistic and contextual factors that appear to have important bearings on the degree to which words undergo spelling adaptation. At the same time, the paper is intended to illustrate the usefulness of some of the facilities of the newly developed Corpuscle search engine and interface and to show its value when applied to a specific empirical research task.


The urban planning of municipal territory is still a key element of urban politics despite competition from other types of spatial planning and the influence of supra-local policies such as those introduced by European institutions. To gauge its importance, I selected the last two master plans developed in the cities of Vigo (Spain) and Porto (Portugal) and examined the contributions of urban movements to citizen participation in these plans. The periods of transition to democracy in both cities prompted the appearance of important citizen movements, but these have evolved differently in each city. This article describes the evolution of these movements in both cities and explains why they culminated in a conflictive participation model in the master plan of Vigo, while in Porto the opportunities for citizen participation in the master plan were neutralized. To conclude, it is argued that this comparison reveals the importance of local contexts of urban governability shaped by a history of strategic interactions between urban movements and elites, which reduces the validity of neoliberal conceptions of governance to explain citizen participation in relation to spatial planning.


03/07/2020 13:00 Room 1 #parcnpAs Pustz suggest, comic books can be read as a cultural memory and to a certain degree a reflection of the contemporary times in which they are created. Considering Pustz's claim, Brian Wood and Riccardo Burchielli's 71-issue comic book series titled DMZ functions as a reflection of the post 9-11 American metropolitan, specifically the considerably reinforced internal militaristic control, media oppression, and the traumatized citizens.As Kraska and Kappeler put forward, since the 1980s, there has been a dramatic uptrend in the number of paramilitary police units or so-called the PPUs. Not only did the technological progress translate into the upgrade and diversification of the equipment that the police utilized, the occasions that the PPUs were called out significantly increased. Sturt Schrader also pointed this empowerment of policing in his work on the adaptation of counterinsurgency model that the United States provided the third world countries as a consultation back in the United States as a policing strategy. After 9-11, means of control and surveillance have continued to expand and gain power, manifesting itself as a cultural memory in Wood and Burchielli's comic book series DMZ.


Monitoring dynamic objects in surveillance applications is normally a demanding activity for operators, not only because of the complexity and high dimensionality of the data but also because of other factors like time constraints and uncertainty. Timely detection of anomalous objects or situations that need further investigation may reduce operators' cognitive load. Surveillance applications may include anomaly detection capabilities, but their use is not widespread, as they usually generate a high number of false alarms, they do not provide appropriate cognitive support for operators, and their outcomes can be difficult to comprehend and trust. Visual analytics can bridge the gap between computational and human approaches to detecting anomalous behavior in traffic data, making this process more transparent. As a step toward this goal of transparency, this article presents an evaluation that assesses whether visualizations of normal behavioral models of vessel traffic support two of the main analytical tasks specified during our field work in maritime control centers. The evaluation combines quantitative and qualitative usability assessments. The quantitative evaluation, which was carried out with a proof-of-concept prototype, reveals that participants who used the visualization of normal behavioral models outperformed the group that did not do so. The qualitative assessment shows that domain experts have a positive attitude toward the provision of automatic support and the visualization of normal behavioral models, as these aids may reduce reaction time and increase trust in and comprehensibility of the system.


This paper aims to present an in-depth description of the synthetic and compound
forms of the future and the conditional, as both inferential and reportative
markers, drawing a framework for the respective distribution in Portuguese
journalistic texts. A corpus analysis shows that different categories (evidentiality,
modality, tense, and aspect) contribute to the construction of the values in
question, defining different sets of properties for each of the verbal forms, in
both inferential and reportative uses. Furthermore, it proves that these same
values are particularly sensitive to textual genre: the reportative uses emerge in
news reports, while the inferential uses appear more frequently in opinion texts.
Ultimately, it illustrates how the use of these forms sheds light on the boundary
between epistemic modality and evidentiality, demonstrating that the assertion
of the information source is distinct from the assessment of the speaker's attitude
toward his/her statement.


Morphology-dependent resonances commonly observed in both the elastic and the inelastic scattering of light waves from dielectric spheres are in fact direct manifestations of complex frequency poles of the scattering matrix. Time-independent solutions to the wave equation at these poles are termed quasi-normal modes, which are characterized by the outgoing wave boundary condition at infinity and cannot be normalized in the usual sense. These resonances (or quasi-normal modes) are shown to form a complete set inside the dielectric sphere, provided that there is a spatial discontinuity in the refractive index, say, at the edge of the sphere. Novel definitions of norm and inner product are introduced. In addition, a time-independent perturbation method based on this completeness relation is developed to evaluate shifts in resonance frequencies when the refractive index is changed.


Phannacological research has shown that extract of certain
Ganoderma species have medical effects including anti-tumor, anti-virus,
lowering blood fat and regulating blood pressure.
One of the major ingredients of the water extract of Ganoderma
fruit bodies is the polysaccharides and these are the polysaccharides which
have been studied more extensively. However, new findings have
recommended producing the Ganoderma mycelium instead of the fruiting
bodies because of the several advantages in producing the fungal
mycelium. Thus, this project was focused on the production and properties
of polysaccharides from the Ganoderma mycelium. Mycelia of three Ganoderma species (G. luddum, G. tropicum and
G. tsugae) were inoculated into five types of liquid growth media (barley
extract, Fergus media, Mizuno media, PDB and soya bean extract) for 15
days at 25°C. Among these media tested, soya bean extract supported good
growth of the fungal mycelium of all the three species of Ganoderma.
Increasing the soya bean concentration resulted in a gradual increase in the
growth of the fungal mycelium as well as the amount of the
polysaccharides produced. Yield of total carbohydrates produced by the
mycelium in all the three species reached its maximum level when
incubated at 25°C for 15 days. A whole range of different polysaccharides
with different molecular weights and linkage types were obtained from the
culture filtrate, homogenized mycelium fraction as well as the hot water
extraction of mycelium harvested at different periods of incubation.
Polysaccharide with B-(1,3) linkages that were reported to have
pharmaceutical value were identified. These polysaccharides were found
to have a common molecular weight of 27,000 Da.


This work proposes a novel concept for a semi-autonomous human-cyber-physical system (HCPS) to operate next-generation wind turbines on the way towards Industry 5.0. The exponential increase in the complexity of future wind turbines requires artificial intelligence (AI) to operate the machines efficiently and consistently. Evolving current Industry 4.0 digital twin technology beyond a sole aid for a human decision-making process, the digital twin in the proposed system is utilized for highly effective training of the AI through machine learning. Human intelligence (HI) is elevated to a supervisory level, making high-level decisions through a human-machine interface to break the autonomy when needed. This paper points out a plausible way to realize the HCPS by identifying strategic development demands for the key enabling technologies projected from readily available knowledge.


Influences of temperature (25–35 °C) and substrate particulate content (3.0–9.4 g total suspended solids (TSS)/L) on granular sludge bed anaerobic digestion (AD) were analyzed in lab-scale reactors using manure as a substrate and through modeling. Two particle levels were tested using raw (RF) and centrifuged (CF) swine manure slurries, fed into a 1.3-L lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) at temperatures of 25 °C and 35 °C. Biogas production increased with temperature in both high- and low-particle-content substrates; however, the temperature effect was stronger on high-particle-content substrate. RF and CF produced a comparable amount of biogas at 25 °C, suggesting that biogas at this temperature came mainly from the digestion of small particles and soluble components present in similar quantities in both substrates. At 35 °C, RF showed significantly higher biogas production than CF, which was attributed to increased (temperature-dependent) disintegration of larger solid particulates. Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) based modeling was carried out by separating particulates into fast and slow disintegrating fractions and introducing temperature-dependent disintegration constants. Simulations gave a better fit for the experimental data than the conventional ADM1 model.


1. Introduction. The manuscript and Benedictine contexts of Monasteriales Indicia Monasteriales Indicia is an Old English description of the sign language used by the Benedictine community at Christchurch, Canterbury, and possibly at other monastic establishments of late Anglo-Saxon England. The text is preserved in folios 97v-101v of the mid-eleventh century manuscript Cotton Tiberius A.iii, now at the British Library. The manuscript also contains a glossed copy of AElfric's Colloquy and Latin versions of the Regula Sancti Benedicti as well as some of its adaptations in the Carolingian and Anglo-Saxon worlds: the Memoriale Qualiter, the Collectic Capitularis and, especially, the late-tenth century native consuetudinary, the Regularis Concordia, with an Old English gloss. (1) The gathering together of key writings on the reformation of English monasticism, like the Rule of St. Benedict and the Regularis Concordia, and practical or educational texts, like AElfric's Colloquy and the Indicia, makes it possible that the manuscript was compiled with a didactic intention. It is well-known that n ovices were read the Rule several times during their first year at the cella novitiorum and throughout this preparatory period they may have also been taught Latin, by means of the Colloquy, and the signs prevalent at each monastery, with the help of Monasteriales Indicia (Porter 1994). As Banham suggests, this manuscript context may imply that the aim of Cotton Tiberius A.iii was to make the reform and its basic texts comprehensible to English speakers (1997). In fact, the similarity between the Anglo-Saxon list and contemporary continental codes written in Latin - like the one included in William of Hirsau's Constitutiones (late eleventh century) and the lists by Bernhard (1075) and Udalrich (1083) (Jarecki 1981) - may point to a common Latin source, which was possibly compiled at Cluny and extended geographically with the reform movement. Indeed, the fact that the Anglo-Saxon Indicia is the only list translated into the vernacular may also point to the didactic aim of the manuscript: the original Latin tex t may have been translated so that the novices who did not have an adequate command of Latin could learn the signs, possibly because this language was harder to acquire by the Anglo-Saxons than by their continental French contemporaries (Banham 1991: 11). (2) Despite its obvious interest for comprehending the characteristics of reformed monastic life in England, not much attention has been given to this text. The exceptions are an early edition by Kluge (1885) and the textual notes by Logeman (1899) and Swaen (1920). A recent description and translation of the system by Sherlock (1989), the semiotic discussion by Barley (1974) and the latest edition by Banham (1991) have all contributed to revive scholarly interest in the sources and functions of this medieval system of non-verbal communication. In this paper I intend to explore some aspects of the Old English text which may be of interest for the interpretation of late Anglo-Saxon monastic culture. Firstly, a review of the contents of the Indicia and the comparison with contemporary Cluniac sign lists may provide evidence on everyday details of Anglo-Saxon monastic life. Secondly, the application of modem semiotics to this code of communication may allow us to observe the different procedures used for the construction of these signs, in order to reach conclusions on how the surrounding world was viewed and represented by the members of these religious communities. 2. The monastic context of Monasteriales Indicia The Rule of St. Benedict supplies the immediate cultural context which induced the compilation of sign lists like Monasteriales Indicia. The Rule considered silence indispensable for divine contemplation - both as an instrumentum bonorum operum (4: 51-54) and a means of achieving humilitatis gradum (8: 56-58) - as well as necessary for the regulation of religious life. …


Ubiquitous computing systems which include wireless devices in their networks rely on sometimes fragile ad-hoc communication channels between heterogeneous devices to operate. To maintain stability and robustness, the contextual information contained on each node present in the system needs to be disseminated between nodes, so that in the event of a node failure, the data is still available to the wider network. One approach to disseminating information around topologically unstable networks is a type of epidemic algorithm called
gossiping. However, developing an effcient, resilient algorithm to operate effectively in such an environment is an ongoing challenge. We have developed a visualisation tool that supports the evaluation of gossiping methods by enabling the algorithm designer to view the visual evolution of a network of nodes, from which they can monitor the stability of information within the network. By using this tool the designer can watch as information is propagated throughout their network, and see the effects of events such as node failures, so that they can make informed changes to the design of their algorithms.


Monthly collections of the Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes were made on human bait at seven fixed sites in the Lowveld Region of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, between August 1997 and May 1998 to contribute to the evaluation and planning of the malaria vector control programme. Members of the An. gambiae complex were distinguished from other anopheline species using morphological keys and were subsequently specifically identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 5084 anophelines were collected during the survey, of which 2837 (55.8 %) were Anopheles coustani Laveran, 1418 (27.9 %) were members of the Anopheles funestus group, 435 (8.6 %) were members of the An. gambiae complex, 264 (5.2 %) were Anopheles pretoriensis Theobald, and 130 (2.6 %) comprised nine other anopheline species. From a total of 425 PCR identifications of adult females of the An. Gambiae complex, 238 (56.0 %) were Anopheles merus Donitz, 129 (30.4 %) Anopheles quadriannulatus Theobald and 58 (13.6 %) were Anopheles arabiensis Patton. No circumsporozoite antigen for Plasmodium falciparum was detected in any of the female An. gambiae complex mosquitoes. Monthly An. gumbiae s.l. captures were significantly correlated with rainfall but there was no correlation between mosquitoes captures and monthly malaria notifications. Malaria notifications were, however, strongly associated with mean daily temperatures. The peak in malaria incidence paralleled the peak in rainfall with a time lag of 2-3 months. This study provides updated information on the distribution of the An. gambiae complex in Mpumalanga Province's Lowveld Region, notably the incidence of mosquitoes biting humans outside sprayed houses between 18:00 and 22:00. The study also provides the first documented evidence of large numbers of An. merus feeding on humans in Mpumalanga. Further analysis of rainfall and temperature patterns may facilitate the prediction of malaria epidemics with sufficient lead-time to enable the Provincial Malaria Control Programme to launch pre-emptive control measures.


This study examines Jordan's national security during King Hussein's reign. The late
King focused on security and stability issues, and this thesis analyzes the factors
that affected the enhancing of his country's national security. The most important of
these factors were his personality, military institutions, the role of the tribes, national
covenant, the Palestinian question, the Jordan-Israeli peace treaty, and Jordan's
relations with the oil producing Arab states.
In addition to the presentation of Jordan's history, this study analyses its national
historical experience, historical environment, and its political experience in order to
understand how it managed to overcome the political obstacles and threats faced by
its national security.This study follows the descriptive approach and analytical method for the thoughts
and given concepts in Jordan's national security and moreover, it discusses all the
factors and elements that affect the kingdom's national security.
Jordan's political system has bridged major difficulties in the building of its social
stability and the preservation of its national security. The elimination of the factors
affecting its national security is solely attributed to the late king's ability and
wisdom.
Jordan managed to enter into the international political arena despite the limitation in
its resources and abilities. The condition of its security and stability, which makes
Jordan distinctive, is rare. This is what attracted the world's concern, in particular the
United States.
It is known that Jordan faced successive historical challenges because of its
geographical location, borders, and the conditions of its surrounding environment, in
addition to pressure of domination on the part of the great powers.


No gamble in history has been more momentous than the landfall of Columbus' ship the Santa Maria in the Americas in 1492 - an event that paved the way for the conquest of a 'New World'. The accounts collected here provide a vivid narrative of his voyages throughout the Caribbean and finally to the mainland of Central America, although he still believed he had reached Asia. Columbus himself is revealed as a fascinating and contradictory figure, fluctuating from awed enthusiasm to paranoia and eccentric geographical speculation. Prey to petty quarrels with his officers, his pious desire to bring Christian civilization to 'savages' matched by his rapacity for gold, Columbus was nonetheless an explorer and seaman of staggering vision and achievement.


The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers" perceptions of the implementation of inclusive education in one regular primary school in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The school was made up of twenty-five teachers and an estimate of 350 students. However only twenty teachers participated in the study. The twenty teachers were composed of one head teacher, one deputy head teacher, two senior subject teachers, five senior teachers and eleven classroom teachers. It was a qualitative study using a case study approach. The data were gathered through questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group interviews, and document analysis. The results of this study showed that (i) teachers were not fully aware of inclusive education policy and practice, (ii) poor implementation of inclusive education policy was due to lack of appropriate training and professional development, (iii) inclusive education needs to be funded separately by all levels of government.


The Internet and Intranet, particularly WWW facilitate the world community to get the information they need exhaustively, expeditiously and easily, regardless of its physical location. The flexibility and interactive nature of the net facilitates the information to be tailor made to suit its target audience. Web designing is an art of contents planning, content organization and providing suitable layout design and effective search engine. Planning and building a Portal requires expertise in Web technologies, understanding the power of Web as a medium, Internet resources available and Web advertising. Besides this, one needs to analyse the results, validate links provided, observe the effects of changes to contents, organization and navigation and finally refine and constantly maintain the Portal.13; 13; Keeping this in mind ICAST has provided a number of approaches for searching information through its Portal x2018;AeroInfox2019;, a WWW Virtual Library for Aerospace Science and Technology. The contents planning and organization of this site is unique in the sense that the visitors can search information by Source Type, Document Type and Subject Categories.13; 13; While the thrust is for sources on Aerospace the site has provided thousands of links to the sites covering Physical, Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Indian and Worldwide Academic and R amp; D information. Online journals in both Aerospace and S amp; T disciplines have been given hyperlinks. A good number of of specialized web/e-mail based services are being provided, a few of them through the LAN. A search engine helps in reaching sources of interest to site visitors. The site has 20 directories, 300 sub-directories, 500 files and gives links to lakhs of web sources of information. Being a new site Virtual Library updation is done very often and improvement upon the contents organization for facilitating better information retrieval intended.13;


Topicality. Most of the inhabitants on the planet have directly experienced certain manifestations of pain, and in the case of chronic pain sensations, some significant changes may occur not only in the psycho-emotional sphere of a human individual, but also some functional alterations in the life maintenance systems. There are two global problems of medicine which are associated with oncology and cardiovascular pathology, and, taking into account the prevalence of pain symptoms of various etiologies, a pathological triangle is formed, each side of which affects the overall configuration thereof. There is a need to understand these pathological relationships in order to determine the real possibilities of breaking them and correcting such common complex life situations. Any attempt to create a concept and visually verify the real pathological changes in the heart, when modeling a combination of chronic neurogenic pain and a malignant process, is relevant that is the aim of this research work. We targeted the morphological picture of the heart in female mice with chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) and the growth of B16 melanoma and found a rather tough scenario of unfolded events. Materials and methods. We used female mice of the C57BL/6 line with a normal genotype. Chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) was produced by bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve. Against that background, all animals were subcutaneously transplanted with melanoma B16/F10. After decapitation, the isolated heart preparations were carried out according to the stages of morphological preparation for staining sections with hematoxylin-eosin, followed by morphological examination of the structure with the Leica DM LS2 microscope furnished with an Olympus optical.C-5050 Zoom video camera and Morfotest software. Photographing was conducted with magnifications x10, x40, x100. Results. A pronounced pro-oncogenic effect of pain stimulation of the neurogenic nature was revealed, which consisted in an earlier manifestation of the tumor growth, large-scale metastasizing even to atypical target organs, and the formation of a pre-terminal state at an earlier time. At the same time, morphological correlates of prolonged damage to the heart at the level of the valves and the ventricular wall were determined, the key elements of which were ischemia, total longitudinal splitting of muscle fiber bundles, blood filling of large vessels, hemorrhages, deep cell dystrophy of cardiomyocytes, myolysis, macrofocal necrosis (myomalacia), an accumulation of necrotic masses, fibrosis and eosinophilic infiltration. Visualization of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes indirectly indicated the switch of the death program to the non-apoptotic pathway, i.e. necrosis as a result from the "tumor-caused" depletion of the energy reserves of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. The simulated hypertrophied manifestations of myocardial catastrophe in the experiment expand the concept of a prolonged infarction and provide a basis for predicting and preventing a negative course of events in difficult patients with persistent pain syndromes and comorbid pathology against the background of the development of a malignant process.


'Universal benevolence' may be defined as the goal of promoting the welfare of every individual, however remote, to the best of one's ability. Currently, the commonest model of universal benevolence is that of 'impartiality,' the notion promoted by Peter Singer, Roderick Firth, and others, that every individual (including oneself) is of equal intrinsic worth. This paper contends that the impartialist model is seriously flawed. Specifically, it is demonstrated that impartialist accounts of benevolence (1) attempt to draw positive moral conclusions from negative premises, (2) draw actual conclusions from merely counterfactual premises, (3) fail to live up to stated claims of naturalism, and (4) give no compelling account of moral motivation. By contrast, I propose an alternate model of universal benevolence, grounded in the Stoic, cosmopolitan theory of oikeiôsis, i.e. 'appropriation.' Such a model, in contradistinction to impartiality, would see benevolence as the positive identification between moral agent and moral patient, rather than a charitable sacrifice of oneself for a distinct but equal other. An ethics of oikeiôsis has the further benefit of avoiding each of the four abovementioned conceptual pitfalls common to impartialist theories.


Reginald Rose's Twelve Angry Men (1954) is a courtroom narrative, written for television and then revised for screen and stage several times. In the play, twelve unnamed jurors from different socioeconomic backgrounds are confined to a courtroom to reach a unanimous verdict on a murder trial. It portrays how relativity obstructs the jury to reach a consensus. Juror 8 stands alone against the other eleven members of the jury, who resolve about the criminality of the defendant on the basis of assumptions and presupposition, not a fair judgment. He adopts a Socratic manner and proceeds to provoke doubt amongst the others slowly and patiently questioning a series of arguments, statements and pieces of evidence from the trial. Thus, he promotes them to strip their consciousness of subjectivity and approach to the phenomenon objectively as much as possible by focusing on merely the essential elements, pertaining to the case. In this regard, the present study suggests that the character in question assumes the Husserlian phenomenological approach throughout the play. Therefore, the study intends to first introduce the phenomenology philosopher David Husserl's key concepts in the phenomenological method including "directed intentionality", "bracketing/epoché" and "reduction". It then aims to examine the phenomenological steps, which Juror 8 follows, and discuss to what extent the jury can achieve making a fair judgement about the case through a phenomenological approach.


Both the advertising industry and academia have been paying more and more attention to the growth and potential of the luxury market. In East Asian countries, the market's annual growth rate for 2006 was nearly 18%, nearly doubling the global growth rate for 2005. Despite the increasing popularity of luxury brands in East Asian countries, there is a dearth of empirical knowledge regarding East Asians' consumption motives. By surveying a sample of 200 consumers from South Korea, an exemplar of East Asian luxury consumers, the current study provides a general understanding of such motives. The findings suggest that Korean consumers have five primary social and psychological motives for the consumption of luxury brands: social ostentation, aesthetic appearance seeking, personal hedonism seeking, practicality seeking, and difference seeking. This study also offers findings related to the relationship between demographic characteristics (for Korean consumers) and luxury consumption behavior. The study achieves two things: First, it is a contribution to the body of literature on luxury consumption; second, it provides managerial implications for global marketers and brand managers who want to construct targeted and customized strategies for East Asian consumers to enhance their purchase intention toward luxury brands.


The Irish Sea Maritime Forum (ISMF) was launched in Belfast in June 2012. The Forum was established in response to a series of stakeholder workshops held in Liverpool and Dublin in 2011. ISMF is guided by a Steering Group, which includes representatives from marine planning teams and relevant marine and coastal fora, such as the Scottish Coastal Forum, as well as other stakeholder interests from all six Irish Sea jurisdictions. It has received pump priming financial support from a range of organisations including: Department of Environment, Northern Ireland, The Isle of Man Government and the Marine Management Organisation. Secretarial support is currently provided by the North West Coastal Forum and the University of Liverpool.


A study of the thermal conductivity of nickel-zirconia cermets is reported. The following samples are investigated: nine types of one-layer nickel-zirconia composites with various nickel contents, four types of two-layered composites, and a three-layered composite. The measurements were performed with a conventional laser-flash apparatus with rear-side detection of the temperature response with an infrared detector. The thermal diffusivity or conductivity of one-layer nickel-zirconia composites is determined directly by the use of the half-rise time, t(1/2). For the case of multilayered materials, the data obtained are used to verify the thermal contact resistance (TCR). The measured results show that the thermal diffusivity and conductivity vary linearly with the measured temperature. The TCR is 0-0.09 K cm(2) W-1 for the duplexes including a nickel layer and 0-0.9 K cm(2) W-1 for other duplexes. The TCR of the three-layered sample is 0.7-1.6 K cm(2) W-1, much higher than that of the duplexes.