Publish/subscribe systems allow for an efficient filtering of incoming information. This filtering is based on the specifications of subscriber interests, which are registered with the system as subscriptions. Publishers conversely specify advertisements, describing the messages they will send later on. What is missing so far is the support of arbitrary Boolean advertisements in publish/subscribe systems. Introducing the opportunity to specify these richer Boolean advertisements increases the accuracy of publishers to state their future messages compared to currently supported conjunctive advertisements. Thus, the amount of subscriptions forwarded in the network is reduced. Additionally, the system can more time efficiently decide whether a subscription needs to be forwarded and more space efficiently store and index advertisements. In this paper, we introduce a publish/subscribe system that supports arbitrary Boolean advertisements and, symmetrically, arbitrary Boolean subscriptions. We show the advantages of supporting arbitrary Boolean advertisements and present an algorithm to calculate the practically required overlapping relationship among subscriptions and advertisements. Additionally, we develop the first optimization approach for arbitrary Boolean advertisements, advertisement pruning. Advertisement pruning is tailored to optimize advertisements, which is a strong contrast to current optimizations for conjunctive advertisements. These recent proposals mainly apply subscription-based optimization ideas, which is leading to the same disadvantages. In the second part of this paper, our evaluation of practical experiments, we analyze the efficiency properties of our approach to determine the overlapping relationship. We also compare conjunctive solutions for the overlapping problem to our calculation algorithm to show its benefits. Finally, we present a detailed evaluation of the optimization potential of advertisement pruning. This includes the analysis of the effects of additionally optimizing subscriptions on the advertisement pruning optimization.


Background Ipilimumab has been approved to treat patients with late-stage melanoma and it has been associated with potentially fatal immunological adverse effects due to T cell activation and proliferation. Purpose To analyse the causality of a fatal Suspected Serious Adverse Reaction (SSAR) related to ipilimumab in a patient diagnosed of unresectable stage IV metastatic melanoma (MM). Materials and methods A 73 years old patient who received ipilimumab for a MM developed serious refractory diarrhoea with fatal outcome which was reported as a SSAR to treatment. Clinical records were reviewed and chronology of events and concomitant medication were built to analyse temporal sequence. Causality algorithms were applied that considered timing, effect of withdrawal, re-exposure and alternative explanations. Results The patient was first diagnosed of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, but after a biopsy of liver metastasis, a primary MM was diagnosed. He received first-line dacarbazine treatment, but was switched to second-line with ipilimumab due to the onset of tumorous fever. After two doses of ipilimumab, grade 3 diarrhoea appeared. Based on the recent description of immunologically mediated colitis, a SSAR report was issued by the caring physicians, and unsuccessful corticosteroid treatment was started. Empirical antibiotic treatment to cover possible pseudomenbranous colitis was also unsuccessful. Finally, a bowel biopsy diagnosed severe cytomegalovirus colitis. Despite ganciclovir treatment the patient died shortly after. Systematic approach to causality assessment concluded low suspect for ipilimumab, but probable causality of previous immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Conclusions Secondary diarrhoea to ipilimumab treatment has been recently described, but a causality analysis could have considered other alternatives to explain patient's symptoms and cover potential alternative causes. Causality algorithms for SSARs can be a useful clinical tool for helping in clinical decisions.


Background Although a longer time on dialysis before kidney transplant waitlisting has been shown for Blacks versus non-Blacks, relatively few studies have compared this outcome between Hispanics and Whites. Methods A multivariable analysis of 1910 (684 Black, 452 Hispanic, and 774 White) consecutive patients waitlisted at our center for a primary kidney transplant between 2005 and mid-2010 was performed for time from starting dialysis to waitlisting (months), the percentage who were preemptively waitlisted (waitlisted before starting dialysis), and time from starting dialysis to waitlisting after excluding the preemptively waitlisted patients. Results The variables associated with significantly longer median times from starting dialysis to waitlisting and less preemptive waitlisting included Medicare insurance for patients ages <65 years (by far, the most significant variable in each analysis), Black race, higher percentage of households in the patient's zip code living in poverty, being a non-U.S. citizen (for preemptive waitlisting), Medicaid insurance, waitlisted for kidney-alone (vs. kidney-pancreas) transplant, and higher body mass index (longer median times for the latter three variables). Although the effect of Black race was mostly explained by significant associations with lower socioeconomic status (Medicare insurance for patients ages <65 years and greater poverty in the patient's zip code), an unexplained component still remained. The univariable differences showing poorer outcomes for Hispanics versus Whites were smaller and completely explained in multivariable analysis by significant associations with lower socioeconomic status and non-U.S. citizenship. Conclusion Black and Hispanic patients had significantly longer times from starting dialysis to waitlisting, in large part related to their lower socioeconomic status and less preemptive waitlisting. A greater focus on earlier nephrology care may help to erase much of these disparities.


Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography is a dual-wave sensing technique in which diffusive light in a turbid medium interacts with an imposed acoustic field. A phase-modulated photon field emanates from the interaction region and carries with it information about the optomechanical properties of the medium. We present a technique for detection of ultrasound-induced optical phase modulation using an adaptive, photorefractive-crystal-based interferometry system. Experimental results are presented demonstrating detection of ultrasound-modulated signals in highly scattering media by use of pulsed ultrasound insonation.


Aiming at addressing the high level of congestion due to the increasing number of vehicles on roads worldwide, Driver Support Systems (DSS) have been proposed to assist drivers on the road by improving safety, efficiency and comfort in the driving experience. One important benefit of deploying such systems is that by aiding drivers in traversing traffic congestion on highways and consequently having vehicles moving more smoothly close to a constant speed, the emission of C O2 in the environment is reduced [Johannson 1999].

In the same context, a novel system referred to as the Congestion Assistant has been proposed in [van Driel 2007] by C.J.G. van Driel. In this work, a user needs survey conducted to investigate the perceived needs for driver assistance indicated high user acceptance, in particular, in receiving assistance with the driving task on congested roads. Based on user preferences, the Congestion Assistant has been designed and later evaluated by means of traffic simulation. The assessment of the system focused on traffic efficiency and safety and demonstrated reduction in congestion for all variants of Congestion Assistant considered. Nevertheless, some of its basic operations require information regarding the upcoming traffic condition on the road and no system to acquire it has been proposed.

Given the advantage of rapid dissemination of traffic information by means of vehicular communication and the necessity for the Congestion Assistant to acquire information regarding the upcoming traffic, Martijn van Eenennaam has introduced in [van Eenennaam 2008] an efficient means to provide an over-the-horizon awareness of traffic jams ahead on the road to vehicles by means of multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The proposed solution is a communication protocol that complies with information requirements derived from the Congestion Assistant. Nevertheless, this solution has been designed with one-dimensional straight highway scenarios in mind and extensions and/or adaptations might be necessary to make it solution adequate for more real-world scenarios.

In this work, we present a networking solution, the Over-the-Horizon Awareness (OTHA) protocol, that altogether comprises extensions and modifications to the communication protocol presented in [van Eenennaam 2008] in order to address more realistic scenarios. In particular, the following Highway Real-World Scenarios are considered: single-lane roads, multiple-lane roads, junctions, and roads with multiple (opposite) directions.

The performance of the OTHA protocol is evaluated by means of simulation. We assess the protocol both in a controlled environment with static scenarios and under a more realistic scenario consisting of vehicle traces with high mobility and speed variations. The results obtained indicate good performance of the protocol with respect to the metrics evaluated. In particular, the performance of the protocol in multiple-lane scenarios is found to deteriorate in high vehicle densities and possible solutions to overcome this problem are described.


The antifungal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined to 35 samples of Candida albicans; 14 of them were isolated from HIV-positive patients, and 21 from HIV-negative patients with oral erythematous candidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of agar dilution method in the determination of susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from buccal lesions of HIV-positive and negative patients to some antifungals and compare the results with the plasmatic concentration reached by each one of these drugs. The samples were evaluated in vitro by the agar dilution method and showed higher MIC values to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B than the concentrations achieved by these antifungals in plasma. 88.9% of the samples presented in vitro resistance to ketoconazole and the plasmatic levels of this antifungal varied from 1 to 8 μg/mL. Regarding fluconazole and itraconazole, most samples presented MIC larger than 128 μg/mL and plasmatic concentration varying from 0.4 to 8 μg/mL. Only 11.9% of the samples were susceptible in vitro to fluconazole and 2.7% of them to itraconazol. The usage concentrations prescribed for the topical antifungals nystatin, fenticonazole and miconazole are markedly higher than the values of MIC obtained. Related to nystatin, it was verified that its MIC values were between 1 and 4 μg /mL. The plasmatic levels to this drug are extremely low. Fenticonazole presented a MIC value larger than 128 μg/mL. Relating to miconazole, the plasmatic levels vary from 1 to 8 μg/mL and 11.9% of the samples presented in vitro susceptibility to this drug. No significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the susceptibility profiles of the samples obtained from HIVpositive and HIV-negative patients.


Approximately 0.5 mile (0.8 km) of 42 in. (1,07 m) diameter reinforced concrete was installed for a sanitary sewer project when the on site inspector discovered that numerous joints had displaced O-ring gaskets and corresponding cracked pipe bells. Corrective action in accordance with contract documents was removal and replacement. But because of the potential cost involved, the contractor asked that he be allowed to repair the pipe in place. Joint testing procedures were identified and a successful polyurethane grout method was selected. A sample test was conducted on two pipe joints, using slightly different injection methods. After completion of the core grouting, samples were cut through the joints to observe pipe cross sections. The first sample showed inadequate adhesion between the grout and concrete pipe. A second sample test involved washing the joints with a trisodium phosphate solution to remove the installation lubricant. Results of the second test were satisfactory. However, the use of the chemical grout was not strictly in accordance with the standard specifications, and was not used for the repair of concrete pipes. The contractor agreed to extend his warranty from one year to 20 years and provide a cash deposit for future air testing of all grouted joints and for limited regrouting, if necessary. The cooperative effort provided an end product as good or better than that originally specified, allowed the contractor a significant cost savings and avoided additional traffic interruptions and project completion delays.


ABSTRACT Replication arrests due to the lack or the inhibition of replicative helicases are processed by recombination proteins. Consequently, cells deficient in the Rep helicase, in which replication pauses are frequent, require the RecBCD recombination complex for growth. rep recA mutants are viable and display no growth defect at 37 or 42°C. The putative role of chaperone proteins inrep and rep recA mutants was investigated by testing the effects of dnaK mutations. dnaK756and dnaK306 mutations, which allow growth of otherwise wild-type Escherichia coli cells at 40°C, are lethal inrep recA mutants at this temperature. Furthermore, they affect the growth of rep mutants, and to a lesser extent, that of recA mutants. We conclude that bothrep and recA mutants require DnaK for optimal growth, leading to low viability of the triple (rep recA dnaK) mutant. rep recA mutant cells form colonies at low efficiency when grown to exponential phase at 30°C. Although the plating defect is not observed at a high temperature, it is not suppressed by overexpression of heat shock proteins at 30°C. The plating defect of rep recAmutant cells is suppressed by the presence of catalase in the plates. The cryosensitivity of rep recA mutants therefore results from an increased sensitivity to oxidative damage upon propagation at low temperatures.


This paper examines effective federalism in relation to the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT), now a AU$ 2.5 billion environmental policy initiative, and Australia's largest ever single environmental spending programme. In the absence of any other policy reviews or critiques, this paper is a descriptive and analytical piece, outlining and evaluating the NHT's administration, accountability measures and ecological outcomes against the goals of effective federalism. Effective federalism involves the national government seeking more efficient and effective delivery of environmental outcomes while revitalizing its partnerships with state and local governments to protect the environment. Both this term and the NHT are initiatives of the conservative national coalition government (which has been in office now since 1996) and have been implemented by its Environment Minister, Senator Hill. For the benefit of international readers, this paper places effective federalism in its historical context, and in the context of very familiar tensions for and against the devolution of environmental governance. It finds effective federalism to be an ambitious aim, indeed more so than the NHT's legislative goals of generating environmental investment and raising community awareness about the need for ecological sustainability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An electromechanical method is described for breath-by-breath sampling of gas from the respiratory passages of experimental subjects or from various locations in the breathing apparatus employed. The sampling system includes features permitting the initiation of sampling at different phases of exhalation, initiation of sampling by inspiration and the varying of sampling duration. The breath-by-breath sampling system is shown to be adaptable to physiological and pharmacological studies of spontaneous fluctuations in the composition of end-tidal gas, studies of the rate of change of end-expiratory gas in transitional states and to artificial control of end-tidal pCO2. The magnitude of the pCO2 difference between end-tidal gas and arterial blood is shown to decrease to essentially zero as tidal volume is increased above normal levels.

Submitted on February 11, 1959


The role of second messengers in the diversion of cellular processes by pathogens remains poorly studied despite their importance. Among these, Ca2+ virtually regulates all known cell processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, inflammation, or cell death pathways. Under physiological conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ increases are transient and oscillatory, defining the so‐called Ca2+ code that links cell responses to specific Ca2+ oscillatory patterns. During cell invasion, Shigella induces atypical local and global Ca2+ signals. Here, we show that by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol‐(4,5)bisphosphate, the Shigella type III effector IpgD dampens inositol‐(1,4,5)trisphosphate (InsP3) levels. By modifying InsP3 dynamics and diffusion, IpgD favors the elicitation of long‐lasting local Ca2+ signals at Shigella invasion sites and converts Shigella‐induced global oscillatory responses into erratic responses with atypical dynamics and amplitude. Furthermore, IpgD eventually inhibits InsP3‐dependent responses during prolonged infection kinetics. IpgD thus acts as a pathogen regulator of the Ca2+ code implicated in a versatility of cell functions. Consistent with this function, IpgD prevents the Ca2+‐dependent activation of calpain, thereby preserving the integrity of cell adhesion structures during the early stages of infection.


The number of devices connected to the Internet has increased significantly and will grow exponentially in the near future, it is due to the lower costs. It is expected that next years, data traffic via Internet increases up to values around zettabyte. As a consequence of this increase, it can be observed that the data traffic is growing faster than the capacity of their processing. In recent years, the identification of Internet traf- fic generated by different applications has become one of the major challenges for telecommunications networks. This characterization is based on understanding the composition and dynamics of Internet traffic to improve network performance. To analyse a huge amount of data generated by networks traffic in real time requires more power and capacity computing. A good option is to apply High Performance Computing techniques in this problem, especifically use Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Its main characteristics are high computational power, constant development and low cost, besides provides a kit of programming called CUDA. It offers a GPUCPU interface, thread synchronization, data types, among others. In this paper we present the causes of increasing data volumes circulating on the network, data analysis and monitoring current techniques, and the feasibility of combining data mining techniques with GPU to solve this problem and speed up turnaround times.


An important objective for analyzing real-world graphs is to achieve scalable performance on large, streaming graphs. A challenging and relevant example is the graph partition problem. As a combinatorial problem, graph partition is NP-hard, but existing relaxation methods provide reasonable approximate solutions that can be scaled for large graphs. Competitive benchmarks and challenges have proven to be an effective means to advance state-of-the-art performance and foster community collaboration. This paper describes a graph partition challenge with a baseline partition algorithm of sub-quadratic complexity. The algorithm employs rigorous Bayesian inferential methods based on a statistical model that captures characteristics of the real-world graphs. This strong foundation enables the algorithm to address limitations of well-known graph partition approaches such as modularity maximization. This paper describes various aspects of the challenge including: (1) the data sets and streaming graph generator, (2) the baseline partition algorithm with pseudocode, (3) an argument for the correctness of parallelizing the Bayesian inference, (4) different parallel computation strategies such as node-based parallelism and matrix-based parallelism, (5) evaluation metrics for partition correctness and computational requirements, (6) preliminary timing of a Python-based demonstration code and the open source C++ code, and (7) considerations for partitioning the graph in streaming fashion. Data sets and source code for the algorithm as well as metrics, with detailed documentation are available at GraphChallenge.org.


Recently diverged taxa showing marked phenotypic and ecological diversity are optimal systems to test the relative importance of two major evolutionary mechanisms, adaptation to local ecological conditions by natural selection, or mechanisms of reproductive isolation such as assortative mating mediated by sexually selected mating signals or post-zygotic incompatibilities. Whereas local adaptation is expected to affect many loci throughout the genome, traits acting as mating signals are expected to be located on sex chromosomes and have a simple genetic basis. We used genome-wide markers to test these predictions in Reunion Island's gray-white eye (Zosterops borbonicus), which has recently diversified into five distinct plumage forms. Two of them correspond to a polymorphic highland population that is separated by a steep ecological gradient from three distinct lowland forms that show narrow contact zones in plumage color traits, yet no association with environmental variables. An analysis of population structure using genome-wide SNP loci revealed two major clades corresponding to highland and lowland forms, respectively, with the latter separated further into three independent lineages corresponding to plumage forms. Coalescent tests of alternative demographic scenarios provided support for divergence of highland and lowland lineages with an intensification of gene flow in the last 60,000 years. Landscapes of genomic variation revealed that signatures of selection associated with elevation are found at multiple regions across the genome, whereas most loci associated with the lowland forms are located on the Z sex chromosome. A gene ontology analysis identified TYRP1, a Z-linked color gene, as a likely candidate locus underlying color variation among lowland forms. Our results are consistent with the role of natural selection in driving the divergence of locally adapted highland populations, and the role of sexual selection in differentiating lowland forms through reproductive isolation mechanisms, showing that both modes of lineage divergence can take place at very small geographic scales in birds.


Nuclear science and technology offers the capability for radical industrial innovations from the nano-to-macro scales and is a field that already impacts over $600 billion in annual worldwide activity. The areas impacted are as diverse as medicine, industrial process control, energy, explosives, materials processing, agriculture, food preservation, sterilisation and non-destructive interrogation for the molecular structure of compounds to use as tracers for transport and the tracking of fluids. This paper focuses on novel nano-to-macro scale peaceful applications for the oil-gas industry, for the metals industries, for enabling fundamental advances in boiling heat transfer and for induction of super compression in imploding bubbles, to then lead to thermonuclear fusion and energy amplifications of 106 times greater than chemical sources, to generation of nanopores in materials that may see applications such as for high-efficiency membranes for use in batteries and for dialysis and to the development of a novel class of low cost, multidisciplinary, fundamental particle detection systems.


Relationship Between Using Korean Folktales in Foreign Language Class and Learners' Reading Comprehension and Cultural Understanding Eunsun You Center for Language Studies, BYU Master of Arts Language is a reflection of society, so knowing about a language also means knowing about a culture. Therefore, many types of literature have been used as a language education tool representing culture. This thesis proposed folktales as an effective material of not only introducing culture but also learning language. Since folktales are old stories that have passed from generation to generation for a long time, values and morals of a culture are naturally presented in the context of the stories. Furthermore, folktales could enhance students' reading comprehension because the story lines, phrases, and words in a story are used repeatedly. Due to this repeated use of language, students could learn expressions and vocabulary more effectively. This study examined the relationship between using Korean folktales in a foreign language class and learners' reading comprehension and cultural understanding. The participants were the students of Korean 201 at BYU. The experimental group had folktale courses once in every week for 10 weeks while they received usual language class from Monday to Thursday, whereas the control group received usual language class every day. The Test in Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) was administered for observing the students' enhancement in reading proficiency, and the Likert-scale surveys were given for observing their enhancement in cultural understanding. In addition to the quantitative data, qualitative data was gathered from the oral interviews of the experimental group. The interview questions were about their experiences and attitudes towards the use of folktales in Korean class. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups due to the many limitations of the present study, but the participants' interviews revealed that the students felt the use of folktales in language class helped to enhance their reading comprehension and cultural understanding, and they had positive attitudes toward to using folktales.


The ongoing growth in data center rack power density leads to an increased capability for waste heat recovery. Recent studies revealed the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a viable means for data center waste heat recovery since the ORC uses waste heat to generate on-site, low-cost electricity, which can produce economic benefits by reducing the overall data center power consumption. This paper describes the first experimental and theoretical study of a lab-scale ORC designed for ultralow grade (40–85 °C) waste heat conditions typical of a data center server rack, and it outlines the implementation of a similar ORC system for a data center. The experimental results show thermal efficiencies ranging from 1.9% at 43 °C to 4.6% at 81 °C. The largest contributors to ORC exergy destruction are the evaporator and condenser due to large fluid temperature differences in the heat exchangers. The average isentropic efficiency of the expander is 70%. A second-law analysis estimates a reduction of 4–8% in data center power requirements when ORC power is fed back into the servers at a waste heat temperature of 90 °C. The data from the lab-scale experiment, when complemented by the thermodynamic model, provide the necessary first step toward advancing this type of waste heat recovery for data centers (DCs).


Flipped classrooms support learner-centered approaches to improve conceptualization, comprehension, and problem solving skills by delivering content outside the classroom and actively engaging students inside the classroom. While literature in engineering and science education supports and encourages the use of inverted instruction, many core engineering courses continue to utilize the traditional lecture-based format. This report describes the design, development, implementation, and assessment of the flipped core course Heat Transfer in the undergraduate mechanical engineering curriculum. In this study, the course was restructured for flipped instruction, utilizing custom electronic media for out-of-class learning and student-centered activities for in-class engagement. Open-ended case studies were created to motivate learning and provide opportunities to apply learned knowledge to real world problems. Comparisons of student performance in flipped and traditional classrooms, as well as student observations and perspectives, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of flipped instruction. The report outlines an approach for transforming traditional lecture-based core mechanical engineering courses into flipped courses.


Performance demands of emerging domains such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and vision, Internet-of-things etc., continue to grow. Meeting such requirements on modern multi/many core systems with higher power densities, fixed power and energy budgets, and thermal constraints exacerbates the run-time management challenge. This leaves an open problem on extracting the required performance within the power and energy limits, while also ensuring thermal safety. Existing architectural solutions including asymmetric and heterogeneous cores and custom acceleration improve performance-per-watt in specific design time and static scenarios. However, satisfying applications' performance requirements under dynamic and unknown workload scenarios subject to varying system dynamics of power, temperature and energy requires intelligent run-time management. Adaptive strategies are necessary for maximizing resource efficiency, considering i) diverse requirements and characteristics of concurrent applications, ii) dynamic workload variation, iii) core-level heterogeneity and iv) power, thermal and energy constraints. This dissertation proposes such adaptive techniques for efficient run-time resource management to maximize performance within fixed budgets under unknown and dynamic workload scenarios. Resource management strategies proposed in this dissertation comprehensively consider application and workload characteristics and variable effect of power actuation on performance for pro-active and appropriate allocation decisions. Specific contributions include i) run-time mapping approach to improve power budgets for higher throughput, ii) thermal aware performance boosting for efficient utilization of power budget and higher performance, iii) approximation as a run-time knob exploiting accuracyperformance trade-offs for maximizing performance under power caps at minimal loss of accuracy and iv) co-ordinated approximation for heterogeneous systems through joint actuation of dynamic approximation and power knobs for performance guarantees with minimal power consumption. The approaches presented in this dissertation focus on adapting existing mapping techniques, performance boosting strategies, software and dynamic approximations to meet the performance requirements, simultaneously considering system constraints. The proposed strategies are compared against relevant state-of-the-art run-time management frameworks to qualitatively evaluate their efficacy.


In May of 2016 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) issued its assessment of the impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This paper highlights the main findings of the ITC report and explains their derivation and implications. It also examines several issues that were explicitly excluded from analysis in the ITC report.


This chapter looks at the changing nature of ideology in Europe. It also delves into the issue of voter preference and considers how that has changed over time. It is all too often assumed that voters, as well as parties, exist along a single ideological left-to-right continuum. However, the truth is that there more deviations from this continuum than we might have in the past assumed. With the emergence of new salient issues, such as immigration, the environment and European integration, the old assumptions no longer hold true. The chapter also looks at populism, which it defines as a thin-central ideology. The final questions of this chapter are: how has populism challenged our current model of democracy? What does the future hold in this regard?


The problems associated with contaminated dredged material disposal (basically lack of disposal sites and potential adverse environmental impacts) have become major issues in many industrialized and developing countries. The sediment removed for environmental reasons is obviously contaminated, but in many cases the sediment removed during normal maintenance dredging of waterways and harbours also contains a wide range of potentially toxic substances. In the Netherlands for instance, out of the 50 million m3 of dredged material produced annually during normal maintenance dredging work 20 million m is contaminated to such a degree that its dispersion into the environment without measures to impede contaminant release is unacceptable (Vellinga, 1989). This paper gives a review of the disposal and treatment options currently in use or considered to have the potential for practical use in the near future with an emphasis on land disposal. It briefly discusses the main contaminant release pathways, the governing processes and the state-of-the-art methodology, used to assess potential environmental impacts.


Aims

Imaging spectroscopy enables measurement of vegetation optical properties to predict vegetation characteristics that are important for a wide range of ecological applications. Our aim was to predict fresh above-ground biomass of heterogeneous alpine grasslands in two areas and at two ecological scales. We assessed model plausibility for an intensively studied alpine grassland site (plant community scale) having distinct biomass and ungulate grazing patterns.

Location

Alpine grasslands in the Swiss National Park.

Methods

Biomass data were collected in 51 plots and combined with imaging spectroscopy data to establish simple ratio models. We analysed the predictive power and transferability of models developed in two areas (Val Trupchun, Il Fuorn) and at two ecological scales (regional, local). In a next step, we compared our results to the broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Finally, we assessed the correlations between model predictions and plant biomass distribution at the plant community scale.

Results

The best local simple ratio models yielded a model fit of R2 = 0.60 and R2 = 0.30, respectively, the best regional model a fit of R2 = 0.44. NDVI model performance was weaker for the regional and one local area, but slightly better for the other local area. However, at the plant community scale only the local model showed a significant positive correlation (RS = 0.39) with the known biomass distribution. Further, predictive power decreased when models were transferred from one local area to another or from one ecological scale to another.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that imaging spectroscopy is generally useful to predict above-ground plant biomass in alpine grasslands with distinct grazing patterns. Site-specific local models based on simple ratio indices performed better than the NDVI or regional models, suggesting that standardized approaches might not be adequate, particularly in heterogeneous grasslands inhabited by large ungulates. We emphasize the importance of collecting ground reference data covering the expected range of productivity and plant species composition. Moreover, plant community-scale data from a previous study proved to be extremely valuable to test model plausibility.


This thesis shows that normalized cross correlation can be efficiently normalized using pre computing integrals of the image and image2 over the search window Image registration is the fundamental task used to match two or more partially overlapping images taken, for example, at different times, from different sensors or from different viewpoints and stitch these images into one panoramic image comprising the whole scene. It is a fundamental image processing technique and is very useful in integrating information from different sensors, finding changes in images taken at different times, inferring three-dimensional information from stereo images, and recognizing modelbased objects. Some techniques are proposed to find a geometrical transformation that relates the points of an image to their corresponding points of another image. To register two images, the coordinate transformation between a pair of images must be found. In this thesis, a feature-based method is developed to efficiently estimate an eight-parametric projective transformation model between pairs of images. The proposed approach applies wavelet transform to extract a number of feature points as the basis for registration. Each selected feature point is an edge point whose edge response is the maximum within a neighborhood. During the real matching process, we check each candidate pair in advance to see if it can possibly become a correct matching pair. Due to this checking, many unnecessary calculations involving cross-correlations can be screened in advance. Therefore, the search time for obtaining correct matching pairs is reduced significantly. Finally, based on the set of correctly matched feature point pairs, the transformation between two partially overlapping images can be decided.


It is a well-known fact that personnel activities can have an adverse effect on the protective functions of biological safety cabinets. Increased air turbulence within the work area or within the surrounding room can disrupt the essential directional airflows of the cabinet, which generate the protective barrier between the environment and the products handled inside. This may result in an enhanced escape and/or invasion of airborne particles or microorganisms. Nevertheless, manufacturers tend to reduce downflow and inflow velocities up to the limits of the allowed values to improve energy efficiency or to reduce noise and vibration. Reliable data based on standardized test procedures to estimate the consequences arising from these measures are rare. In this study, the influence of different static and dynamic disturbing factors on the personnel protection performance of 2 Class II biological safety cabinets was quantified. A microbiological test procedure given by the relevant European and US standards (EN 12649, NSF/ANSI 49) was used, but in contrast to the low requirements defined there, 4 more complex and realistic test scenarios were chosen to simulate working activities: static covering of the front sash opening caused by a sitting or standing person was simulated by a "dummy worker" and a "body plate," respectively. Dynamic airflow perturbations were generated by an artificial "moving arm" swinging regularly inside the cabinet and by a flat plate running outside the cabinet parallel to its front opening to simulate a "walking man". It could be demonstrated that dynamic airflow disturbances caused by rapid body movements have a major impact on the cabinet's protecting performance. Compared with an undisturbed working situation, personnel-protecting capabilities of both safety cabinets tested declined substantially when the worker's movement next to the front opening was simulated. Therefore, downflow and inflow velocities should not be reduced to minimum values, to allow a sufficient margin of safety for actual in-use laboratory conditions ("disturbed").


This article presents experimental results showing that 4- and 5-year-old children are capable of drawing free choice inferences from disjunctive statements and from statements containing free choice indefinites, despite not being able to compute inferences of exclusivity for disjunctive statements, or other scalar implicatures. The findings appear to challenge accounts that attempt to unify the two kinds of inferences (Kratzer & Shimoyama 2002; Alonso Ovalle 2005; Fox 2007; Klinedinst 2007; Chemla 2010; van Rooij 2010; Franke 2011; Chierchia 2013). We discuss, however, the compatibility of the child data with a recent approach in the experimental literature, which attributes children's failures to compute scalar implicatures to a difficulty with alternatives (Chierchia et al. 2001; Gualmini et al. 2001; Reinhart 2006; Barner et al. 2011; Singh et al. 2013). Based on the results of two experiments, we propose an explanation for children's selective success on scalar inferences, according to which scalar inferences are generally unproblematic for children, unless they necessitate lexical retrieval of the required alternatives.


The story of Judaism is a story of paradox. It is the story of how a small cluster of desert tribes gave birth to a monotheistic doctrine that profoundly shaped the history of human civilization. It is the story of how that initially obscure desert doctrine came to be codified into the Hebrew Bible, one of the world's greatest works of literature. It is the story of how a small minority came to be viewed by the majority as disproportionately powerful and, following pogrom and Holocaust, were driven to the edge of extinction. And it is the story of how a displaced people, globally dispersed throughout other nations for two-and-a-half millennia, came to forge a modern, secular Israeli state which many Jews believe to have been granted an explicitly divine mandate. Oliver Leaman carefully and creatively explores the nature of these apparent contradictions. He discusses the origins of the Jewish Bible; recounts the history of the Jewish people from the era of Patriarchs and Prophets through the Middle Ages up to the contemporary era; outlines the Jewish liturgical calendar and its major rites and modes of worship; and, considers the great variety of Jewish literatures (including modern post-Holocaust writers like Primo Levi and Elie Wiesel), art, food and culture. Further chapters examine such topics as mysticism and kabbalah; modern Hebrew; interfaith relations; and, the highly contested question, 'Who is a Jew?'


We initiate the study of computational entropy in the quantum setting. We investigate to what extent the classical notions of computational entropy generalize to the quantum setting, and whether quantum analogues of classical theorems hold. Our main results are as follows. (1) The classical Leakage Chain Rule for pseudoentropy can be extended to the case that the leakage information is quantum (while the source remains classical). Specifically, if the source has pseudoentropy at least $k$, then it has pseudoentropy at least $k-\ell$ conditioned on an $\ell$-qubit leakage. (2) As an application of the Leakage Chain Rule, we construct the first quantum leakage-resilient stream-cipher in the bounded-quantum-storage model, assuming the existence of a quantum-secure pseudorandom generator. (3) We show that the general form of the classical Dense Model Theorem (interpreted as the equivalence between two definitions of pseudo-relative-min-entropy) does not extend to quantum states. Along the way, we develop quantum analogues of some classical techniques (e.g. the Leakage Simulation Lemma, which is proven by a Non-uniform Min-Max Theorem or Boosting). On the other hand, we also identify some classical techniques (e.g. Gap Amplification) that do not work in the quantum setting. Moreover, we introduce a variety of notions that combine quantum information and quantum complexity, and this raises several directions for future work.


Researchers have studied the potential negative association between racism and health extensively. Possible mechanisms of this link have been examined, but no definite answers exist. Based on Ryff's conceptualization of psychological well-being, this study examined whether psychological well-being mediated the relationship between perceived racism and subsequent development of psychological distress. The unique role of each dimension of psychological well-being was also examined. Further, the hypothesis that racism-related social support would buffer the effect of perceived racism on psychological well-being was also tested. Data were from the Wave 4 and Wave 5 assessments of 659 African American women (with an average age of 44.94) who participated in the Family and Community Health Study. Analyses were conducted using latent variable structural equation modeling methods. Age, educational level, and marital status were control variables in this study. Results indicated that there was a significant indirect effect from perceived racism to subsequent change of psychological distress via psychological well-being. Perceived racism uniquely predicted environmental mastery (negatively) and personal growth (positively) but did not uniquely predict other dimensions of psychological well-being. None of the psychological well-being dimensions uniquely predicted subsequent development of psychological distress. This study found a direct but not a buffering effect of racism-related social support. Findings from this study contribute to both theoretical conceptualizations of psychological well-being as well as practice related to African American women's mental health.


Investigations on music and emotion have identified broad musical elements that influence emotions recognized by listeners, such as timbre, rhythm, melody, and harmony. Not many studies have studied the correlation between quantifiable musical descriptors and their associated emotions; furthermore, only few studies have focused on how listeners' demographic and musical backgrounds influence the emotion they recognize. In this preliminary study, participants rated how strongly they recognized the six GEMS emotions (transcendence, peacefulness, power, joyful activation, tension, and sadness) while listening to excerpts from Beethoven's Eroica. Musical descriptors (loudness, brightness, noisiness, tempo/rhythm, harmony, and timbre) were also extracted from each excerpt. Results indicate significant correlations between emotional ratings and musical descriptors, notably positive correlations between key clarity and peacefulness/joyful activation ratings, and negative correlations between key clarity and tension/sadness ratings. Key clarity refers to the key strength associated to the best key candidate; as such, these results suggest that listeners recognize positive emotions in music with a straightforward key, whereas listeners recognize negative emotions in music with a less clear sense of key. The second part of the study computed correlations between demographics and emotional ratings, to determine whether people of similar demographic and musical backgrounds recognized similar emotions. The results indicate that naive listeners (i.e. younger subjects, and subjects with less frequent exposure to classical music) experienced more similar emotions from the same musical excerpts than did other subjects. Our findings contribute to developing a quantitative understanding of how musical descriptors, and listeners' backgrounds, correlate with emotions recognized by listeners.


This compilation of important distributist authors delivers valuable insight into the manifest problems of society. Although most of the contributions were written over 50 years ago, the questions raised by the writers have remained largely unanswered, and essays regarding topics like education, work, and freedom have lost little relevance in the ensuing decades. Featured authors include Eric Gill, Harold J Massingham, and Dorothy Sayers.


CO2 and heat fluxes were measured over a six-week period (09/08/2006 to 10/24/2006) by the eddy covariance (EC) technique at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill (HLTK), Mammoth Mountain, CA, a site with complex terrain and high, spatially heterogeneous CO2 emission rates. EC CO2 fluxes ranged from 218 to 3500 g m −2 d (mean=1346 g m d). Using footprint modeling, EC CO2 fluxes were compared to CO2 fluxes measured by the chamber method on a grid repeatedly over a 10-day period. Half-hour EC CO2 fluxes were moderately correlated (R =0.42) with chamber fluxes, whereas average daily EC CO2 fluxes were well correlated (R =0.70) with chamber measurements. Average daily EC CO2 fluxes were correlated with both average daily wind speed and atmospheric pressure; relationships were similar to those observed between chamber CO2 fluxes and the atmospheric parameters over a comparable time period. Energy balance closure was assessed by statistical regression of EC energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, less soil heat flux). While incomplete (R=0.77 for 1:1 line), the degree of energy balance closure fell within the range observed in many investigations conducted in contrasting ecosystems and climates. Results indicate that despite complexities presented by the HLTK, EC can be reliably used to monitor background variations in volcanic CO2 fluxes associated with meteorological forcing, and presumably changes related to deeply derived processes such as volcanic activity. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


To understand the ecology of any environment, the fundamental species-like units that interact with the biotic and abiotic components of that environment must be understood. Previous research conducted in the Ward Lab has shown that 16S rRNA genotypes have unique distributions along the effluent flow path, and that 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region genotypes had unique distributions along vertical gradients at some temperatures. However, out of concern that these genetic markers were too conserved to accurately detect ecological species, in this dissertation I analyzed Synechococcus cyanobacterial diversity in Yellowstone National Park using the more highly-resolving psaA (Photosystem I reaction center protein) locus and an evolutionary simulation based on the Stable Ecotype Model to demarcate putative ecotype populations that are hypothesized to be ecologically distinct species. I used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to examine fine-scale distributions of predicted ecotypes along flow and vertical gradients. Because this approach was not sequence-based, and was limited in depth of sequence sampling and habitat coverage, I employed next-generation sequencing technologies (e.g. Ti454-barcoding and sequencing), which was based on sequence information and allowed much deeper sampling and habitat coverage. I used Ti454barcoding to extend fine-scale distribution studies, examine temporal differences in ecotype-specific gene expression, population-specific responses to environmental perturbations and to examine within-ecotype population genetics. Additionally, I used Ti454-barcoding to analyze frozen samples collected in previous Ward Lab studies, which enabled examination of (i) the biogeographic distributions of Synechococcus sequence variants across the Northwestern United States, (ii) the long-term stability of ecological populations in Octopus Spring and Mushroom Spring, and (iii) the initial colonization of disturbed mats. I was also able to use this technology to contribute to other ongoing Ward Lab studies, including (iv) testing the purity of Synechococcus isolate cultures before genome sequencing, (v) distribution analyses of loci used in previous population genetics studies, and (vi) linking psaA distributions to ecotypespecific genomes. I was able to confirm that many abundant Synechococcus putative ecotypes predicted by Ecotype Simulation are ecologically distinct populations, containing ecologically homogeneous individuals. The conclusion of my research supports applying the ecological species concept to hot spring Synechococcus cyanobacterial populations.


Background Decline in kidney function can result in adverse health outcomes. The Oxford Renal Cohort Study has detailed baseline assessments from 884 participants ≥60 years of age. Aim To determine the proportion of participants with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), identify determinants of decline, and determine proportions with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remission. Design and setting Observational cohort study in UK primary care. Method Data were used from baseline and annual follow-up assessments to monitor change in kidney function. Rapid eGFR decline was defined as eGFR decrease >5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year, improvement as eGFR increase >5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year, and remission in those with CKD at baseline and eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with eGFR decline. Results There was a net decline in eGFR in the 884 participants over 5 years of follow-up. In 686 participants with >2 eGFR tests with a median follow-up of 2.1 years, 164 (24%) evidenced rapid GFR decline, 185 (27%) experienced eGFR improvement, and 82 of 394 (21%) meeting CKD stage 1–4 at baseline experienced remission. In the multivariable analysis, smoking status, higher systolic blood pressure, and being known to have CKD at cohort entry were associated with rapid GFR decline. Those with CKD stage 3 at baseline were less likely to exhibit GFR decline compared with normal kidney function. Conclusion This study established that 24% of people evidenced rapid GFR decline whereas 21% evidenced remission of CKD. People at risk of rapid GFR decline may benefit from closer monitoring and appropriate treatment to minimise risks of adverse outcomes, although only a small proportion meet the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria for referral to secondary care.


The purpose of this study was to examine whether different habitual activity levels may affect balance ability in older adults. Balance must be studied as poor balance increases likelihood of falls. This study examined activity levels in older adults and effect on balance ability. Fifty-nine older adults aged 66.5 ± 9.5 participated. Three groups were separated by physical activity level. First group had 13 masters athletes, older adults performing least 150 minutes of aerobic activity a week and competing in nationally sanctioned event within the last six months. Twenty-seven older adults comprised recreationally active group performing at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week but no competitive events within previous six months. The last group is sedentary older adults with 19 individuals performing less than 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week. Postural stabilization was measured using Biodex Balance System SD. Using one-way ANOVA, no statistically significant differences were found between three activity groups in postural stabilization (p = .51). Groups were redefined for post hoc analysis using distance results from six-minute walk test as a measure of physical fitness. Results were divided into thirds and classified into physical function levels. Group one, walking the fewest meters, was least fit. Group 2 walked the next fewest meters with middle level of physical function. Group 3 completed most meters, therefore most physically fit. By comparing fitness groups using one-way ANOVA, no statistically significant differences were found in postural stability (p = .75). Subjects were divided into three groups to test for age effects. The young group consisted of 13 adults aged 54-59 years old. Twenty-one adults aged 60-69 were the middle group, while 17 adults aged 70-91 were the older group. No statistically significant difference was found in age groups (p = .48). Thirty-two females and 27 males were compared for sex differences. A significant difference was found (p = .001) with females exhibiting better postural stability. In conclusion, neither habitual activity level nor physical function level influence postural stability in older adults. Age does not play a significant role in postural stability, but one's sex may have an effect.


The theme of this research is the study of how things take form in experience, consciousness and language. In large part, it explores the identification and the naming of ephemeral event phenomena that are as of yet unnamed, a process of becoming I describe as symmetry-breaking. This exploration is pursued within the framework of a Lived Spatial Inquiry called Experimental Poiesis, a particularly experimental form of making where inquiry is the formal philosophical and poietic tool where the original matrix of the site in question is embedded in what is made. The methods of this inquiry facilitate both the study and the subversion of normal habits of language-focused perception and are called Heuristics—experimental aesthetic practices that are site-adjustable and engaged iteratively, where the results of one experiment become the starting point of the next. Spatial Poetries is the name I have given to the results of these experiments, hybrid in form and prompting shifts in lived experience in the reader.
This thesis pays homage to Observations upon Experimental Philosophy (1666), by the Duchess of Newcastle Margaret Cavendish, as well as The Manual of Scientific Enquiry; Prepared for the Use of Officers in Her Majesty's Navy; And Travellers in General (1859), edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel. In addition, I engage with the work of Gregory Bateson, John Dewey, Ian Hacking, Dalibor Vesely and Roberto Casati, and have found resonance with practices such as medieval monastic rhetoric as presented in the writings of Mary Carruthers, the work of the architecture school Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso in the Ciudad Abierta (Open City), and the site-based poetic and philosophical works of Ian Hamilton Finlay.
As a hybrid object, the thesis contains a manual for the discovery, analysis and naming of ephemeral phenomena. The Manual is composed of images, text, audio, video, and diagrams. As an assemblage, it both documents a process of inquiry and attempts to provide a taxonomy and rationale for that process and is presented in the form of the Atlas of Experimental Poiesis, a central contribution of this research. This Atlas allows for a process of philosophic reflection that feeds back into and has the capacity to enrich lived spatial-aesthetic experience of readers in general. In specific, it offers a vocabulary and visual structure to undertake the processes of observation, detection and creation of new forms, and the challenge of bringing those experiences to language.


The present case-control study was conducted in an effort to determine if work in the chemical industry is related to excesses of certain hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Cases who died from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia were matched by race, gender, age, year of death, and county of residence to controls who died from cardiovascular disease. A total of 618 (309 matched pairs) white male residents of Kanawha County, WV, aged 23-96, who had died between 1965 and 1990 were identified. Conditional logistic regression was conducted and yielded an association between chemical industry work and death due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoid leukemia among subjects who died at age < 65. These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies linking work in chemical manufacturing to hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms, and indicate that the excesses may be related to the occupational exposures in men who died at younger ages.


The last decade has seen vast improvement in the knowledge of star formation within our
Galaxy, largely owing to improvements in instrumentation, allowing astronomers to compile
more data. However, despite the advances of technology, the quest for understanding high-
mass star formation (HMSF) continues. As we go on, breakthroughs have occurred; a prime
example is the discovery of the class II methanol maser, which exclusively signposts on-going
sites of HMSF, but still lacks the detail necessary to identify HMSF in all forms. Once we
have understood where, why and how HMSF can occur, we will be able to diagnose Galactic
structure and evolution.
Untargeted, large area surveys of molecular gas are ideal for identifying HMSF regions
across a broad range of evolutionary phases. For example, searches for molecular species with a high critical density can highlight dense gases, which can then be used to probe Galactic structure and star formation. Because HMSF occurs in regions of dense molecular gas, mapping high-density tracers serves well to identify regions for study. The (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) inversion transitions of ammonia (NH3) have been successfully mapped by the H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS), identifying previously unknown sites of star formation, as well as probing the structure of the Milky Way's spiral arms. Fortunately, HMSF can be identified by bright spectral lines in maser emission; HOPS also mapped the Galactic plane for water (H2O) masers and, perhaps more importantly, the Methanol MultiBeam survey identities class II methanol (CH3OH) masers, which are exclusively associated with HMSF.
While class II CH3OH masers always signpost HMSF, they appear only in a specific evolu-
tionary stage, and therefore other species (such as H2O masers) are required to identify other stages.
Another, even higher density gas tracer useful for detecting HMSF and mapping the
structure of our Galaxy is carbon monosulfide (CS). The ground state transition J = 1-0
for CS lies within the 7mm waveband, which also contains the poorly understood class I
CH3OH maser. Unlike the class II variant, class I masers are not exclusively associated with
HMSF, but do appear in star-forming regions across a wide range of evolutionary stages. A
large problem for class I CH3OH maser studies is the bias in the targeted searches which have been used to find them; they have only been identified towards other masing regions (such as class II CH3OH), and therefore the properties of these masers are somewhat unclear.
In this thesis, results focus on the MALT-45 survey using the Australia Telescope Compact
Array (ATCA) in auto-correlation ('single-dish' mode). To date, MALT-45 has mapped the
Galactic plane within 330◦ < l < 335◦, jbj< 0:5◦, which contains several known star-forming
regions, including the G333 giant molecular cloud. MALT-45 surveys 12 spectral lines, but
primarily CS (1-0), class I CH3OH masers and SiO (1-0) v = 0; 1; 2; 3. Bright, extended CS
emission is detected across the survey region, and highlight two distinct velocities, due to
different spiral arms of the Galaxy. In addition to the previously known 19 class I CH3OH
masers, 58 new masers were detected. SiO masers were detected towards 47 regions, in various combinations of vibrational mode v = 1; 2; 3, all towards evolved infrared stars. Thermal SiO v = 0 emission is also detected across the survey region.
Major science results from MALT-45 include:
(i) A CS to NH3 comparison, which highlights cold, dense clumps as well as hot, evolved
clumps. The cold and dense clumps appear to have self-absorption of CS emission in their
centres and a relative over-abundance of NH3, while evolved clumps appear to have very little NH3 emission, despite being a dense gas tracer;
(ii) Almost all (94 per cent) of ATLASGAL 870 um dust emission point sources are associated with at least a 3σ peak of CS emission;
(iii) By comparing with peak CS velocities, class I CH3OH masers are good indicators of
the systemic velocities of clouds;
(iv) More than half (55 per cent) of the detected class I CH3OH masers are not associated
with any other kind of maser;
(v) Class II CH3OH, H2O and hydroxyl (OH) masers associate well with class I CH3OH
masers, confirming that class I CH3OH masers occur towards a wide range of evolutionary
stages in HMSF;
(vi) Class I CH3OH masers appear to have no correlation in intensity or luminosity with
other maser species;
(vii) Class I CH3OH masers have typical projected linear distances from other masers
associated with star formation, peaks of CS and 870 μm point sources within 0.5 pc;
(viii) Class I CH3OH masers are spread over a larger area when also associated with class
II CH3OH or OH masers, perhaps due to their more evolved state;
(ix) Almost all (95 per cent) of class I CH3OH masers are associated with an ATLASGAL
source;
(x) Using ATLASGAL source parameters, a clump mass is calculated. The population of
class I CH3OH masers has a broad range of associated masses (101:5 to 104:5M⊙), but peaks
between 103:0 and 103:5M⊙. Higher masses tend to be associated with evolved regions of star
formation, while lower masses tend to be non-evolved regions;
(xi) SiO masers typically decrease in intensity with vibrational mode (v = 1; 2; 3), but
eleven cases of stronger v = 2 than v = 1 emission were found, and two regions of only v = 2
emission were found;
(xii) The relatively rare v = 3 vibrational mode of SiO (1-0) was detected towards three
evolved infrared stars.


Complications of vascular access are the most common cause of hospitalization for patients with end stage renal disease. Physicians involved in the placement and maintenance of hemodialysis access must have a long-term strategy for sequential placement of autogenous fistulas and synthetic grafts to preserve limited access sites. Although many principles involving hemodialysis access surgery are widely accepted, significant controversies exist regarding optimal access strategies. Autogenous access is generally preferred over prosthetic grafts. The nondominant upper extremity is the preferred site of initial access. Cuffed catheters are discouraged for long-term vascular access unless no other options are present. Recent advances in forearm, upper arm, and femoral venous transpositions have facilitated the performance of increased numbers of autogenous access procedures. Nevertheless, substantial numbers of patients on chronic hemodialysis require prosthetic arteriovenous grafts. Although the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative of the National Kidney Foundation has provided general guidelines for access creation, considerable controversy remains regarding the optimal choice of prosthetic graft material and configuration. We present a strategy for the sequential placement of arteriovenous fistulas, venous transpositions, and arteriovenous grafts to guide the surgeon in the management of these often challenging patients.


We present dynamical scaling relations for a homogeneous and representative sample of �500 massive galaxies, selected only by stellar mass (> 10 10 M⊙) and redshift (0.025 < z < 0.05) as part of the ongoing GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. We compare baryonic Tully-Fisher (BTF) and Faber-Jackson (BFJ) relations for this sample, and investigate how galaxies scatter around the best fits obtained for pruned subsets of disk-dominated and bulge-dominated systems. The BFJ relation is significantly less scattered than the BTF when the relations are applied to their maximum samples (for the BTF, only galaxies with Hi detections), and is not affected by the inclination problems that plague the BTF. Disk-dominated, gas-rich galaxies systematically deviate from the BFJ relation defined by the spheroids. We demonstrate that by applying a simple correction to the stellar velocity dispersions that depends only on the concentration index of the galaxy, we are able to bring disks and spheroids onto the same dynamical relation — in other words, we obtain a generalized BFJ relation that holds for all the galaxies in our sample, regardless of morphology, inclination or gas content, and has a scatter smaller than 0.1 dex. We compare the velocity-size relation for the three dynamical indicators used in this work, i.e., rotational velocity, observed and concentration-corrected stellar dispersion. We find that disks and spheroids are offset in the stellar dispersion-size relation, and that the offset is removed when corrected dispersions are used instead. The generalized BFJ relation represents a fundamental correlation between the global dark matter and baryonic content of galaxies, which is obeyed by all (massive) systems regardless of morphology.


The relation between work organisation and technological practices in auto industry is analysed in this article. The concept of "technological practice" in this sector is used to describe the specific ways of embedding information and communication technology applications into the organizational forms and cultural patterns. This concept was developed with the Sowing project (TSER, DG XII) and that approach included either the shop floor co-operation up to the regionally based networks of companies and supporting institutions. The authors studied different sectors in the automotive firms of different European countries (Germany, Belgium and Portugal): shopfloor and production lines, design and management and the local inter-relationships. It was underlined some evidencies of the different alternatives in terms of technological practices for the same sector. Much of the litterature try to disseminate an idea of a single (and optimum) organisational model for the same type of product. And here, even with the same type of technology, and of product (medium-high range), one can find different models, different cultures, different ways of organising the industrial structure (firms, regional institutions, R&D centres) in the same sector (auto industry).


This thesis is designed to improve our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of
media forms, with a special historical focus on the recent processes of Web and mobile
convergence and the early development of the cross-platform Web. It aims to investigate
the dynamics that have underpinned the creation, evolution and conventionalisation of
new media forms in the open mobile Web following the launch of 3G mobile networks.
In theoretical terms the thesis explores the possibilities for the analytical
integration of evolutionary approaches that traditionally have shed light on the discrete
components of the evolutionary 'ensemble' that comprises media's textual forms, their
technologies and organisational systems. Among the theoretical pillars the study builds
on is, first, the cultural semiotic approach (Lotman) that is utilised for interpreting the
textual dynamics constituting the form evolution. Second, evolutionary economics
(Schumpeter, Freeman and others) is included for interpreting the market dynamics that
condition the formation of the media industries. Third, systems theoretical sociology
(Luhmann) is deployed in order to understand the broader dynamics of social organisation in late modernism. The integration of these approaches provides the conceptual
framework that focuses on the following phenomena: dialogic interchange among
industry sub-systems as enabling innovations and the emergence of new sub-systems; the
self-organisation of the sub-systems in the contingent environment; the role of memory
and systemic 'path-dependencies' in guiding the processes of self-organisation; and the
nature of the power relations that shape the dialogic processes.
The empirical study focuses on textual as well as organisational developments.
The semiotic analysis of mobile websites reveals the intertextual relations of the new
forms with other media domains, especially the desktop Web. The interviews with
representatives of industry stakeholders provide insights into the dialogic practices
between the parties engaged in designing the mobile Web, and how, via these practices,
the new platform, its media forms and institutional structures were shaped. The findings
point to the historical formation of two main industry sub-systems – 'infrastructure
enablers' and content providers – with different preferred alternatives for the design of
the cross-platform Web. The thesis demonstrates how the formation of these groups was
conditioned by their systemic path-dependencies, but also by the mesh of dialogic
relationships among them and by the resulting changes in the discursive constellations
framing the organisation of the industry and the norms for its media forms. The study
points to the first signs of the historically momentous emancipation of the mobile Webmedia forms, their shaking free of path-dependency on the desktop Web.


A simple method is presented for detecting an unknown periodic signal in additive noise. The period is unknown, but the amplitudes of the fundamental and the first M - 1 harmonics are known to be nonzero. One application is the detection of a torpedo by a submarine sonar system from the observed acoustic line spectrum generated by the torpedo's blade motion.


Precise global/regional land cover mapping is of fundamental importance in studies of land surface processes and modelling. Quantitative assessments of the map quality and classification accuracy for existing land cover maps will help to improve accuracy in future land cover mapping. We compare and evaluate four land cover datasets over China. The datasets include the Version 2 global land cover dataset of IGBP, MODIS land cover map 2001, a global land cover map produced by the University of Maryland, and the land cover map produced by the global land cover for the year 2000 (GLC 2000) project coordinated by the Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit of the European Commission Joint Research Centre. The four maps used different classification systems, which made the comparison difficult. So we first aggregated these maps by reclassifying them using a unified legend system. A large-scale, i.e. 1:100 000 land cover map of China was used as the reference data to validate the four maps. The results show that the GLC2000 land cover map represents the highest accuracy. However, it has obvious local labelling errors and a zero labelling accuracy for the wetland type. The MODIS land cover map ranks second for type area consistency and third for sub-fraction overall accuracy compared with reference data, which may be affected by the local labelling error. The IGBP land cover map has good labelling accuracy, although it has a local labelling error and third consistency for type area. The labelling accuracy and type area consistency for the reference data of UMd land cover map is low. We conclude that the accuracies of all the datasets cannot meet the requirements of land surface modelling. For the reference data, i.e. the 1:100 000 land cover map, the classification system needs to be transferred to a well recognized one that has been used commonly in land surface modelling. In addition, we propose an information fusion strategy to produce a more accurate land cover map of China whose classification system should be compatible with the well-accepted classification system used in land surface modelling.


With the advent of cheaper and faster DNA sequencing technologies, assembly methods have greatly changed. Instead of outputting reads that are thousands of base pairs long, new sequencers parallelize the task by producing read lengths between 35 and 400 base pairs. Reconstructing an organism's genome from these millions of reads is a computationally expensive task. Our algorithm solves this problem by organizing and indexing the reads using n-grams, which are short, fixed-length DNA sequences of length n. These n-grams are used to efficiently locate putative read joins, thereby eliminating the need to perform an exhaustive search over all possible read pairs. Our goal is to develop a novel n-gram method for the assembly of genomes from next-generation sequencers. Specifically, a probabilistic, iterative approach will be utilized to determine the most likely reads to join through development of a new metric that models the probability of any two arbitrary reads being joined together. Tests were run using simulated short read data based on randomly created genomes ranging in lengths from 10,000 to 100,000 nucleotides with 16 to 20x coverage. We have been able to successfully re-assemble entire genomes up to 100,000 nucleotides in length.


The status of Agni varies in different Prakruti (Body constitution) and it also depends on the diet, environment, physical and mental status of an individual. The status of Agni can be known by examining the Jarana Shakti (Digestive capacity) of an individual. The six factors told in Jeerna Ahara Lakshana (Signs and symptoms of proper digestion) will help in assessing the Jarana Shakti and in turn the status of Jatharagni . The research was under taken to analyze the Jatharagni in different Prakruti individuals in Chaitra and Vaishaka Masa . Prakruti of the students was assessed using Standard format and those individuals having Vata, Pitta, Kapha predominance were selected. A self prepared scale was prepared to assess the Jeerna Ahara Lakshana . Jataragni status was assessed on a particular day by due consideration of the menu of their three grand meals. The environmental conditions like rain humidity, wind speed was noted down of that particular day. Number of individuals having Avara Udgara Shudhi, Avara Utsaha, Avara Laghuta and Avara Ksut was comparatively more in Vaishaka Masa than in Chaitra Masa which may be due to the effect of increased wind speed and rain showers in Vaishaka Masa , which effected over the body resulting in depletion of the Jataragni and also lead in increased number of individuals with Madhyama Agni in Vaishaka Masa than Chaitra Masa. None of the individuals had Avara status of agni due to presence of Sthira Upachita


Appellate review is limited, almost by definition, to consideration of the factual record as established in the trial court. Adhering to this record review principle, appellate courts generally reject out of hand any effort to supplement the appellate record with evidence that was not considered by the court below. There are, however, exceptions to this traditional principle. Whether presented through amicus briefs, social-science-laden "Brandeis Briefs," petitions for discretionary review, or other mechanisms for supplementing the record, appellate courts often consider and rely upon new evidence. The literature regarding both the traditional rule and the exceptions is limited, and neither courts nor commentators often discuss either the underlying record review principle or the rationales supporting consideration of new evidence on appeal. This article fills that gap by examining the record review doctrine and the many exceptions to it. That examination reveals that the traditional rule is not a monolithic as our instincts suggest; rather, it is an historical accident, and the many exceptions to the rule suggest its underlying flexibility. Appellate courts should acknowledge that it is not unusual to consider new evidence on appeal, and begin to work toward an explicit balancing of the benefits of the traditional record review rule against the utility presented by considering new evidence in different procedural postures. By approaching this problem from a global, procedural perspective, appellate courts will not only improve and regularize the management of new evidence on appeal, but they may begin to address some of the long-acknowledged problems associated with some of the most significant new evidence of all: the legislative facts that are a critical part of appellate court lawmaking.


Objectives The objective of this study is to increase and deepen the knowledge of sending remittances to Uganda, Senegal and Nigeria by examining the determinants of the probability and amount of remittances and how they reflect the motives migrants have for remitting; by investigating the determinants of the choice migrants make between using official and unofficial remittance channels and how they reflect the different features of remittance markets; by developing a theoretical model for intra-household decision making regarding migration; and by analysing the determinants of the choice households and migrants make between international and internal migration. The results of the study may be of value in aligning remittance markets with the needs and motivations of migrants and in mobilising remittances more efficiently. Framework and methods The several motives for remitting are discussed in terms of the microeconomic theory of remittances, the theory of remittance channels is reviewed, and a model for intra-household decisions making regarding migration is developed. The existing empirical literature on motives for remittances and on the remittance markets of the countries under study is also reviewed. In the empirical estimations based on the above frameworks, migration and remittances survey data, jointly collected by the World Bank and the African Development Bank in the countries under study, are utilised. Five empirical estimation methods – the tobit model, the Heckman selection model, the two-part model, CLAD estimation, and the probit model – are employed in the examination of the research questions. Key findings The empirical results of this study imply that a variety of motives influence the remittance behaviour of Ugandan, Senegalese and Nigerian migrants. In addition, the motives differ in their relative intensities between different groups of migrants. On the whole and in accordance with previous research, the generally presumed altruistic motive is not explicitly supported by the estimations for any of the countries under study, and more self-interested concerns and contractual arrangements between migrants and their families – the exchange and the investment motive, in particular – seem to override purely altruistic ones. A diversity of factors also affect the choice migrants make between using official and unofficial channels, as well as the choice households and migrants make between international and internal migration. In terms of remittance channels, official remittance channels are generally more likely used by migrants residing in OECD countries, and by migrants with a high level of education, reflecting especially the differential access that different groups of migrants have to official channels. Other factors affecting the choice are more country-specific. The choice between international and internal migration, on the other hand, is determined by several factors – different in each of the countries under study – including, inter alia, the reason for migration, and the education and the potential occupation of the migrant. The effects of these factors reflect well the model developed to depict the migration decisions made in households.


In the present study, we examined PM 2.5 continental rural background aerosols, which were collected during a summer field campaign at K-puszta, Hungary (4 June–10 July 2003), a mixed coniferous/deciduous forest site characterized by intense solar radiation during summer. Emphasis was placed on polar oxygenated organic compounds that provide information on aerosol sources and source processes. The major components detected at significant atmospheric concentrations were: (a) photo-oxidation products of isoprene including the 2-methyltetrols (2-methylthreitol and 2-methylerythritol) and 2-methylglyceric acid, (b) levoglucosan, a marker for biomass burning, (c) malic acid, an intermediate in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, and (d) the sugar alcohols, arabitol and man-nitol, markers for fungal spores. Diel patterns with highest concentrations during daytime were observed for the 2-methyltetrols, which can be regarded as supporting evidence for their fast photochemical formation from locally emitted isoprene. In addition, a diel pattern with highest concentrations during daytime was observed for the fungal markers, suggesting that the release of fungal fragments that are associated with the PM 2.5 aerosol is enhanced during that time. Furthermore, a diel pattern was also found for levoglucosan with the highest concentrations at night when wood burning may take place in the settlements around the sampling site. In contrast, malic acid did not show day/night differences but was found to follow quite closely the particulate and organic carbon mass. This is interpreted as an indication that malic acid is formed in photochemical reactions which have a much longer overall timescale than that of isoprene photo-oxidation, and the sources of its precursors are manifold, including both anthropogenic and natural emissions. On the basis of the high concentrations found for the isoprene oxidation products during daytime , it can be concluded that rapid photo-oxidation of isoprene is an important atmospheric chemistry process that contributes to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation at K-puszta during summer.


Plantations Without Pillars: Archaeology, Wealth and Material Life at Bush Hill. Vol. 1, Context and Interpretation. MELANIE A. CABAC and MARK D. GROOVER. Savannah River Archaeological Research Papers, No. 11 Occasional Papers of the Savannah River Archaeological Research Program, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 2004. iii-xii + 254 pp., 150 illus., 74 tables, biblio. $18.00 (paper). Reviewed by Nicholas Honerkamp As most of us are aware, there is a wide spectrum of quality to be found in historic site research reports, be they academic or cultural resource oriented. Some are of the melancholy bare-bones variety, reflecting constraints on research time and funding. And then there are the truly remarkable efforts that stand as models for archaeologists of all stripes. Cabac and Groover's exhaustively researched Plantations Without Pillars falls into this second category. The Bush Hill plantation (38AK660) is located in the Savannah River site in Aiken County, South Carolina, on a Department of Energy nuclear research facility. The site was investigated as part of the Savannah River Research Program and it is the only antebellum plantation in the middle Savannah River Valley that has been the subject of data-recovery-level research. As the title of the monograph implies, Bush Hill was a working plantation rather than a columned country estate. It was owned by four lineal generations of the same family and occupied from about 1807 to 1920. In the pre-Emancipation period, the plantation was an unpretentious but certainly successful cotton producing operation. A central theme of the research design for this site is defining and contextualizing the "working" versus "show" plantation distinction, with a goal of correcting the common Gone with the Wind stereotype of Southern plantation life. The authors waste little time in doing so: The first paragraph of their introductory chapter points out that only 5 percent of white males in the Old South owned slaves in 1850. Cabac and Groover argue that for several generations of the Bush family-and probably for many other midlevel planters like them-wealth was expressed primarily in land and labor ownership rather than over-the-top architectural extravagance and lavish material possessions. While this observation is not unique in plantation studies, the approach used in demonstrating it is unusual for its thoroughness and quantitative emphasis. The authors begin by defining a plantation as "an agricultural operation where most of the agricultural products were raised through the use of enslaved labor" (p. 2-1), a definition that is not contingent on acreage or the number of slaves present. Besides distinguishing plantations from farms that lack slave labor, such a flexible approach accommodates the dynamic nature of plantation evolution. Linking the trajectory of plantation development to a Wallersteinian world system model, with a reliance on the scholarship of Francis Braudel, the authors propose a plantation typology that is defined by several variables. These include regional and temporal trends in demographics, settlement patterns, subsistence practices, economic characteristics (crops, land and slaveholdings, labor systems, wealth groups, etc.), material culture (architecture, material possessions, etc.), and social characteristics (including slave autonomy). They then seek to identify the range of variation among plantations within their study area, and also to define the relative socioeconomic position of the study household among other planters using census data and probate inventories. One way the latter goals are accomplished is to calculate Bush family financial averages from the census information and compare them to averages calculated from 15 names immediately before and after the Bush census entries. This allows outliers in the region to be easily identified. …


Chaucer and the French Tradition, first published in 1957, is notable among modern studies of Chaucer for its attention to the importance of style. The author offers first an analysis of the two dominant traditions of style in the French literature on which Chaucer's poetry is based: the courtly, and the "bourgeois" or realistic. He then studies the stylistic character of the three important tarly poems, arguing that Chaucer's development was not a revolt from convention to realism, but rather a progressive mastery of borh methods simultanrously. Through his style, Chaucer is thus seen to be confronting the central problem of late medieval culture: the combination of the mundane and the transcendental, the realistic and the idealistic, the natural and the supernatural. Chaucer's solution is found in the ironic balance of "Troilus and Criseyde" and in the mixed style of the "Canterbury Tales."


Pneumonia, one of infectious diseases, becomes a major health care problem in Indonesia. The inappropriateness use of treatment can lead to greater unexpected health outcome and prolonged length of stay. A lot of research has proved that pharmacists, as a part of health care professionals, has important role in assuring patients to get the most optimal treatment benefit. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of pharmaceutical care intervention in reducing the length of stay of inpatients community acquired pneumonia. This experimental study involved 32 subjects with community acquired pneumonia hospitalized without any other infection between 18th August and 31st December 2010. Subjects were divided into two groups, i.e. intervention and control group, by simple random sampling technique. Intervention group received pharmaceutical care services i.e. drug related problems identification and solving based on Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification and therapy guideline. Both group received hospital standard care. The primary outcome of this study was length of stay. All subjects were followed until 31 December 2010. Most of drug related problems identified in this study were classified as treatment effectiveness (intervention group 76.19% and control group 81.82%) and treatment cost (intervention group 23.81% and control group 18.18%). Inappropriate use of antibiotic was the main cause for this drug related problems based on the pneumonia guideline. Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin (28.21%) were the most inappropriate used antibiotics found in this study. The mean of length of stay between intervention (6 days) and control group (8 days) was significantly different (P<0.05). Pharmaceutical care intervention significantly improved the length of stay of inpatients community acquired pneumonia.


Four foliar and two stem-base pathogens were inoculated onto wheat plants grown in different substrates in pot experiments. Soils from four different UK locations were each treated in three ways: (i) straw incorporated in the field at 10 t ha−1 several months previously; (ii) silicon fertilization at 100 mg L−1 during the experiment; and (iii) no amendments. A sand and vermiculite mix was used with and without silicon amendment. The silicon treatment increased plant silica concentrations in all experiments, but incorporating straw was not associated with raised plant silica concentrations. Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita were inoculated by shaking infected plants over the test plants, followed by suitable humid periods. The silicon treatment reduced powdery mildew (B. graminis) substantially in sand and vermiculite and in two of the soils, but there were no effects on the slight infection by brown rust (P. recondita). Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola were inoculated as conidial suspensions. Leaf spot caused by P. nodorum was reduced in silicon-amended sand and vermiculite; soil was not tested. Symptoms of septoria leaf blotch caused by M. graminicola were reduced by silicon amendment in a severely infected sand and vermiculite experiment but not in soil or a slightly infected sand and vermiculite experiment. Oculimacula yallundae (eyespot) and Fusarium culmorum (brown foot rot) were inoculated as agar plugs on the stem base. Severity of O. yallundae was reduced by silicon amendment of two of the soils but not sand and vermiculite; brown foot rot symptoms caused by F. culmorum were unaffected by silicon amendment. The straw treatment reduced severity of powdery mildew but did not detectably affect the other pathogens. Both straw and silicon treatments appeared to increase plant resistance to all diseases only under high disease pressure.


A substantial fraction of mutations in human cancer are attributable to random errors occurring during DNA replication. Cancer and the unavoidable R factor Most textbooks attribute cancer-causing mutations to two major sources: inherited and environmental factors. A recent study highlighted the prominent role in cancer of replicative (R) mutations that arise from a third source: unavoidable errors associated with DNA replication. Tomasetti et al. developed a method for determining the proportions of cancer-causing mutations that result from inherited, environmental, and replicative factors (see the Perspective by Nowak and Waclaw). They found that a substantial fraction of cancer driver gene mutations are indeed due to replicative factors. The results are consistent with epidemiological estimates of the fraction of preventable cancers. Science, this issue p. 1330; see also p. 1266 Cancers are caused by mutations that may be inherited, induced by environmental factors, or result from DNA replication errors (R). We studied the relationship between the number of normal stem cell divisions and the risk of 17 cancer types in 69 countries throughout the world. The data revealed a strong correlation (median = 0.80) between cancer incidence and normal stem cell divisions in all countries, regardless of their environment. The major role of R mutations in cancer etiology was supported by an independent approach, based solely on cancer genome sequencing and epidemiological data, which suggested that R mutations are responsible for two-thirds of the mutations in human cancers. All of these results are consistent with epidemiological estimates of the fraction of cancers that can be prevented by changes in the environment. Moreover, they accentuate the importance of early detection and intervention to reduce deaths from the many cancers arising from unavoidable R mutations.


Kaupapa Māori was once, and still is for some, ordinary in the context of Aotearoa. Active processes of colonisation and assimilation led by the settler government in New Zealand have served to significantly displace Māori to the marginalised position of exotic and other. Te Ara Tika powerfully reaffirms Māori experience as ordinary, and embeds Te Tiriti o Waitangi and core Western ethical principles into a framework uniquely of this land. Within this paper I share my application of this framework as an exemplar for others to benchmark against and critique. I conclude by advocating for the uptake of the Te Ara Tika framework by Tauiwi (non-Māori) researchers as a response to the challenge from Māori to do acceptable, accountable and responsible research.


The idea that emergent content generation for video games will add depth to the gameplay experience is something often mentioned. With this article I want to make a connection between the science of complex systems and emergence, and the area of video game research and development. Not only does emergent content generation add depth to gameplay experience, it would also reduce the stress on developers, if diverse content could be generated automatically. I have conducted a keyword search on 412 articles from renown conferences with the following keywords: complex system", "emerg", and "spontaneous". The results show that while emergence is quite popular in the fi eld of video game research, complex system as a term is not.


Large disturbance behavior of power systems often involves complex interactions between continuous dynamics and discrete events. Such behavior can be captured in a systematic way by a model that consists of differential, switched algebraic, and state-reset (DSAR) equations. The paper presents a practical object-oriented approach to implementing the DSAR model. Each component of a system can be modeled autonomously. Connections between components are established by simple algebraic equations. Simulation of the model using numerically robust implicit integration requires the generation of partial derivatives. The object-oriented model structure allows this differentiation to be achieved symbolically without sacrificing simulation speed.


Ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) are widely recognised as important in IT innovation for crisis response and management. However, attention often struggles to get beyond theorising basic concepts, when the realities of how difficulties and opportunities manifest are complex and practical. Unless these realities are understood, solutions to ELSI will remain at the surface, missing opportunities to responsibly and creatively leverage the potential of IT in disaster response. This workshop brings together narratives of lived experiences of ethical, legal, and social issues encountered in the context of IT innovation in disaster response, and analyses of normative, policy and regulatory backgrounds. In this editorial, we motivate this turn to narrative, summarise the contributions that will be presented on the day, and set out some key questions.