Paranoia, a continuum of clinical and subclinical experiences in which other people are assumed or suspected to have negative and harmful intentions, is a key symptom of schizotypy (including schizophrenia spectrum disorders). Subclinical paranoia is less well-understood than its clinical expression, but is estimated to occur in around 10% of the general population and is a source of social impairment. Paranoia also shares features with social anxiety, such as social discomfort and fear of humiliation in social situations; however, paranoia is differentiated from social anxiety by the belief that other's motives are malevolent. The current research examined the nature, boundaries, and expression of paranoia across a broad continuum of severity by assessing its relation to schizotypy and social anxiety. In the first study, 862 college students completed measures of paranoia, social anxiety, and schizotypy in order to test hypothesized models of the relation of these constructs using confirmatory factor analyses. As hypothesized, the data were best described by a four factor model including positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, social anxiety, and paranoia. Furthermore, paranoia was more strongly associated with positive schizotypy than with the other factors. The second study employed experience sampling methodology to examine the expression of paranoia and social anxiety in daily life in a subset of 240 participants. Paranoia and social anxiety were both associated with more daily reports of negative affect, self-consciousness, and negative social perceptions. Paranoia--but not social anxiety--was characterized by more anger, persecutory beliefs, and self-reference in daily life. People higher in social anxiety experienced improvements in mood when in close social encounters; relationships between mood and the situation did not change across levels of paranoia. Identification and study of paranoia can clarify the role of environmental factors that contribute to decompensation into schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and can lead to better targets for prophylactic interventions used to prevent the development of clinical disorders.


The regional transport aircraft (RTA-70) proposed to be developed at NAL is expected to have the capability of reliable and safe operation from airports with minimal infrastructure and instrumentation facility under all-weather conditions. Enhanced and Synthetic Vision (ESV)
technology aided by satellite navigation has the potential to meet this requirement. A two day workshop on 'Enhanced and Synthetic Vision for Transport Aircraft' was organized by the Multi Sensor Data Fusion group, Flight Mechanics and Control Division with the objective of examining the state of art and identifying gaps in technology/knowledge base in this area and chalk out a plan of action for ESV development at NAL..
The inaugural session included addresses by Dr. A R Upadhya, Director, NAL, Dr. Kota Harinarayana, Raja Ramanna Fellow, NAL and Dr. S.V. Kibe, Programme Director, SATNAV,ISRO. The Two day workshop had fourteen invited lectures delivered by scientists and technologists from India and abroad who shared their work experience in related technology areas and thoughts on its use for ESV development. There were six thematic sessions. In the first
session, Dr. Jharna Majumdar, Professor, East Point College of Engineering, Bangalore with her vast experience in development of "Image exploitation system for unmanned aerial vehicle", brought out the research areas in image processing that need to be addressed for ESV and some
aspects of video geo registration. Prof. B.N. Chatterji, IIT Kharagpur covered issues related to content based image retreival. In the second session on "Visual Cues for pilots/Human Machine Interface Sqn Ldr. J. Sreeram, ASTE, Bangalore gave an insight into the flight test perspective
on display concepts for synthetic vision followed by Cdr. Renganathan, Coral Technologies, Bangalore who gave an overview of computer graphics for modern cockpits and cockpit procedure trainers. This was followed by presentation of the activities at FMCD in the areas of
synthetic vision and image fusion.
On 26th April, Dr. Ronald Kruk, Chief Scientist, CAE, Canada in his very lucid and informative presentation brought out the role of laboratory, simulator and flight test components in ESV development, as part of the third session. Dr. Dinesh Ramegowda, Honeywell Technology
Solutions, Bangalore covered the multi spectral enhanced vision system development at Honeywell. The fourth session included two lectures on issues and solutions for image fusion by Dr. S.C. Jain, DEAL Dehradun and Dr. Subrata Rakshit, CAIR, Bangalore. In the fifth session
on "Sensor Technologies", Dr. S.S. Negi, IRDE, Dehradun detailed the latest developments in infrared sensor technology while Dr. Nilesh M. Desai of ISAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad covered the microwave remote sensing and synthetic aperture radar. Dr. PP Mohanlal, VSSC, Trivandrum
discussed the GPS aided INS for space capsule recovery experiments and launch vehicle systems. The workshop concluded with a 90 minute brain storming panel discussion by the panel members consisting of eminent scientists and transport aircraft pilots. Issues related to system requirement, sensors, pilot interface and system certification were discussed. The workshop provided a platform for the experts from various organizations to come together to arrive at a road-map for ESV development for RTA. This Special Publication gives the abstracts of the presentations at the workshop including the presentation material. It also includes the Summary of the panel discussions which highlights future directions and research needs.


Multiscale directional statistics are investigated in two-dimensional incompressible turbulence. It is shown that the short-time behavior of the mean angle of directional change of fluid particles is linearly dependent on the time lag and that no inertial range behavior is observed in the directional change associated with the enstrophy-cascade range. In simulations of the inverse-cascade range, the directional change shows a power law behavior at inertial range time scales. By comparing the directional change in space-periodic and wall-bounded flow, it is shown that the probability density function of the directional change at long times carries the signature of the confinement. The geometrical origin of this effect is validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The same effect is also observed in the directional statistics computed from the trajectories of football players (soccer players in American English).


The world economy is just starting to recover from the most disastrous episode in the history of financial globalisation. Understanding what happened is essential. Anton Brender and Florence Pisani, both economists with Dexia Asset Management and teaching at Paris-Dauphine University, argue in this book that the main problems were deeply rooted and are to be found in two tightly linked developments that for many years were left largely uncontrolled: the increase in the intensity of international transfers of savings – the so-called 'global imbalances' – and a wave of innovations – globalised finance – that have changed the way savings and the risks associated with their investment can be transferred.

Globalised finance allowed continuously increasing amounts of emerging countries' savings, invested in 'risk-free' assets, to finance loans that were far from being risk-free. The risks attendant on those loans did not vanish of course: they were carried by the risk-takers of the globalised financial system. Hedge-funds, investment banks, off-balance-sheet vehicles, etc. functioned here as parts of a genuine alternative banking system, taking on the bulk of the liquidity, interest-rate and credit risks generated by the mismatch between the assets that emerging regions' savers were ready to – or could – invest in and the liabilities developed countries' borrowers issued. Unfortunately, no one was in charge of keeping in check either the quantity of risk being accumulated in this way or the quality of the loans generating those risks. The consequence was terrible: the only force that could finally rein in the continuous deepening of the global imbalances was the collapse of globalised finance.


We construct a measure of corporate purpose within a sample of US companies based on approximately 500,000 survey responses of worker perceptions about their employers. We find that this measure of purpose is not related to financial performance. However, high purpose firms come in two forms: firms that are characterized by high camaraderie between workers and firms that are characterized by high clarity from management. We document that firms exhibiting both high purpose and clarity have systematically higher future accounting and stock market performance, even after controlling for current performance, and that this relation is driven by the perceptions of middle management and professional staff rather than senior executives, hourly or commissioned workers. Taken together, these results suggest that firms with employees that maintain strong beliefs in the meaning of their work experience better performance.


Fish protein isolate were recovered from frozen small croaker using pH shift. The partial enzymatic hydrolysates were fractionated as soluble and insoluble parts. They were dried using the drum dryer and their functional properties were examined. The total nitrogen content of the enzymatic hydrolysates ranged from 12.9% to 13.7%. The degree of hydrolysis of precipitates was 18.2% and 12.2% for croaker hydrolysates treated with Protamex 1.5 MG (Bacilllus protease complex) and Flavourzyme 500 MG (endoproteases and exoproteases, Aspergillus oryzae), respectively. The TCA supernatant, after centrifugation of hydrolysates, contained numerous peptides ranging from 100 to 4000 daltons. The solubility of the supernatants was higher than that of the precipitates at 0% to 3% NaCl and pH 2 to 10. The precipitate of Flavourzyme- and Protamex-treated hydrolysates showed a high emulsion activity index value compared to egg white and bovine plasma protein. In addition, the highest emulsion stability was observed for Protamex-treated precipitate hydrolysates. Emulsion stability of Protamex-treated precipitate hydrolysates was comparable to those of protein additives (egg white, bovine plasma protein, and soy protein concentrate). Water and fat binding capacity of precipitates were higher than those of supernatant. The results indicate that precipitate hydrolysate from undersized croaker can be used in processed muscle foods as a functional and nutritional ingredient.


Irrigation systems are well known for their low efficiencies. Microirrigation
system is becoming popular even in humid areas because of the many advantages it
offers. Microirrigation is really the first irrigation method that can potentially maximize
productivity while conserving soil, water and fertilizer resources and simultaneously
protecting the environment. Since a micro irrigation system can achieve very high
application efficiency, it should be further explored even for supplemental irrigation in a
high-rainfall tropical country like Malaysia, with annual rainfall exceeding 2500mm.
Porous pipe is useful both for surface and subsurface micro irrigation systems
and it can be used in a variety of ways to meet any irrigation need. However very little
information is available about the discharge uniformity, operating characteristics and the
moisture distribution pattern of porous pipe irrigation laterals. This research work on the hydraulics of two types of porous pipe was carried out to determine such
performance criteria as the pressure-discharge relationship, pressure headloss, friction
factor Reynolds number relationship and water dispersion in the soil. The water
distribution pattern was observed in a soil box. Several lengths of imported porous pipes
were subjected to various upstream pressure inputs to determine the average discharge
along the lateral and the associated pressure losses.


John Stuart Mill's political essays are a blend of the practical and the theoretical. In this volume are gathered together those in which the practical emphasis is more moarked; those in which theory is predominant are found in Essays on Politics and Society, Vols XVIII and XIX of the Collected Works. The Essays on England, Ireland, and the Empire are mainly from Mill's early career as a propagandist for the Philosophic Radicals (a term he himself coined). They provide a contemporary running account of British political issues at home and abroad, with a vigorous and sometimes acerbic commentary. Historians as well as political scientists will find interesting details of the view from the radical side, and all students of Mill will welcome the further elucidation of his development. Of special interest are his precocious if tendentious attack on Hume's History of England, and his reactions to Canadian and Irish issues, the latter being the subject of a previously unpublished manuscript. The textual apparatus includes a collation of the manuscript materials and identification of Mill's quotations and references.


This paper focuses on two main research topics we axe investigating. First, we investigate how agents can learn strategic behavior in a teacher-learner model. The notion of the teacher here should be understood as a "trainer". We present the general teacher-learner model together with results from experiments performed in the traffic hghts domain. Second, we investigate how agents can learn to become experts, and eventually organize themselves appropriately for a range of tasks. The model is based on evolutionary processes that lead to organizations of experts. In our case, the organization emerges as a step prior to the execution of a task, and as a general process related to a range of problems in a domain. To explore these ideas, we designed and implemented a testbed based on the idea of the game of Life.


This work was canied out between October 1986 and February 1989 at the School
of Engineering, University of Warwick. The thesis begins with a review of the
configurations of coordinate measuring machines in common use and an investigation
into the types and magnitudes of the errors incurred due to various phenomena associated
with the design, deformation or misalignment of the machine components. Some of the
more significant of these errors are then measured and tabulated with a view to using
them as a comparison to further work. Methods by which these errors can be rectified are
then briefly reviewed.
Chapter 2 is concerned with the inadequacies associated with current coordinate
measuring machine software algorithm design. Measurement practices are reviewed and
sources of inconsistency or potential misinterpretation are identified. Sampling error is
singled out as being of particular significance.
Chapter 3 reviews geometric element fitting procedures and the errors that can
result from ill advised measuring practice. Systematic and random error analyses of the
errors incurred in the estimates of geometric parameters are reviewed and an original
investigation is performed into the errors incurred in parameters due to not considering
all possible data (sampling error.)
Chapter 4 presents an assessment of the nature of the problem of sampling error and
outlines the way in which a robust algorithm for the formal quantification of these errors
should be formulated.
Chapter 5 then identifies the criteria that would maximise the implementability of
an algorithm of this type. An algorithm satisfying these particular requirements is duly
developed.
Finally, chapter 6 consists of an investigation into the effect of probe geometry on
the phenomenon of sampling errors. A method is then developed whereby the probe
geometry that will minimise sampling error can be readily selected.


This paper focuses on the multi-objective deterministic and stochastic modelling and optimization of construction tasks scheduling. Of particular importance is a frequency need to satisfy conflicting optimization objectives such as the minimization of extra task performance cost and total performance time. Technological relationships between relevant construction tasks have been modelled using the deterministic and probabilistic precedence networks, while the construction resources have been modelled deterministically and stochastically using duration/productivity and resource/performance cost and performance time matrices. For the solution of the problem a mixed integer programming approach has been adopted, utilizing a computer algorithm containing elements heuristic methods.


Abstract In two experiments, magazine-trained observer rats were given access to a pair of levers and allowed to make 50 reinforced responses immediately after the left or the right lever had been pressed 100 times for food reward by a conspecific demonstrator. In Experiment 1, where observers were rewarded for responses on either lever, those that had been able to see their demonstrators responding showed a response bias in favor of the demonstrator's lever, while rats that had been separated from their demonstrators by a metal screen did not. In Experiment 2, each observer saw a "viewed demonstrator" responding on one lever and was tested, with reinforcement for responses on the viewed demonstrator's lever or on the other manipulandum in a second chamber where a "box demonstrator" had just finished responding. Observers rewarded for responding on the same lever as the viewed demonstrator (Group SAME) showed better discrimination at the beginning of the test session than observers rewarded for responses on the other lever (Group DIFFERENT). Within Group SAME, rats whose box demonstrator had responded on the reinforced lever showed better discrimination than those whose box demonstrator responded on the nonreinforced lever, but the reverse was true in Group DIFFERENT. Both experiments provide evidence of stimulus enhancement unconfounded by social facilitation and local enhancement, and the latter suggests that demonstrator-deposited scent cues can facilitate discrimination via local enhancement or on the basis of their sensory properties alone.


Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules produce a very high dimensional time-series dataset. Performing analysis necessarily involves projection onto a lower dimensional space. A priori selection of projection coordinates requires (perhaps unavailable) prior information or intuition about the system. At best, such a projection can only confirm the intuition. At worst, a poor projection can obscure new features of the system absent from the intuition. Previous statistical methods such a time-structure based independent component analysis (tICA) and Markov state modeling (MSMs) have offered relatively unbiased means of projecting conformations onto coordinates or state labels, respectively. These analyses are underpinned by the propagator formalism and the assumption that slow dynamics are biologically interesting. Although arising from the same mathematics, tICA and MSMs have different strengths and weaknesses. We introduce a unifying method which we term "landmark kernel tICA" (lktICA) which uses a variant of the Nyström kernel approximation to permit approximate non-linear solutions to the tICA problem. We show that lktICA is equivalent to MSMs with "soft" states. We demonstrate the advantages of this united method by finding improved projections of (a) a 1D potential surface (b) a peptide folding trajectory and (c) an ion channel conformational change.


This paper suggests that the scholarly field of industrial organisation is shaped and directed by the debate concerning some of the most pressing policy issues at any historical time period about the link between the organisation of industries and economic performance. By industrial organisation, we mean the scholarly field of research. By the organisation of industries, we mean the actual way in which economic activity is organised within the unit of observation of an industry. A shift in the organisation of industries that is taking place, away from economic activity based on the traditional factors of production, such as labour and capital, and towards knowledge-based economic activity. Accompanying this shift is a new public policy debate focusing on how to create new knowledge and facilitate its commercialisation. The field of industrial organisation is responding with a new focus on the link between the dynamics of the organisation of industries, or how industries and firms evolve and change over time, and innovative performance. JEL Classification: L10, L20, L40.


Abstract Evidence-based sport nutrition guidelines which explore the connection between nutrition, exercise and well-being form a crucial part of any athlete's competitive and training programme. Guidelines that are based on sound scientific evidence about the quantity, structure and timing of food intake are important to ensure that athletes train more effectively to reduce the risk of injury and illness. Appropriate nutrition complements training and recovery and can induce metabolic adaptations to training. Adequate energy should derive from a variety of foods that provide carbohydrates, proteins, fat and micronutrients. Maintenance of the energy balance in individuals with increased requirements because of physical activity is important. Challenges may arise in the case of larger athletes and those who partake in high-volume intense training. Habitual carbohydrate intake is essential for physically active individuals and should be timed according to training sessions to ensure optimal pre-, during, and post-workout nutrition. Dietary protein requirements are slightly elevated in the case of strength, speed and endurance training. Consideration of the quality and timing of protein intake is important. The fat requirements of athletes are similar or somewhat higher, so consumption of adequate amounts of fat is essential for optimal health, maintenance of energy balance, optimal intake of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins and minerals are needed to provide a health benefit, although the ergogenic effect of most micronutrients is still unclear and warrants further research. Supplements and sports foods are used extensively and although the use of some supplements may be ergogenic, the risk to benefit ratio needs to be carefully considered before embarking on the widespread use of supplements.


Abstract. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its chemical analogues are increasingly being quantified in the ambient atmosphere by thermal dissociation (TD) followed by detection of either the peroxyacyl radical or the NO2 product. Here we present details of the technique developed at University of California, Berkeley which detects the sum of all peroxynitrates (ΣPNs) via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the NO2 product. We review the various deployments and compare the Berkeley ΣPNs measurements with the sums of PAN and its homologue species detected individually by other instruments. The observed TD-LIF ΣPNs usually agree to within 10% with the summed individual species, thus arguing against the presence of significant concentrations of unmeasured PAN-type compounds in the atmosphere, as suggested by some photochemical mechanisms. Examples of poorer agreement are attributed to a sampling inlet design that is shown to be inappropriate for high NOx conditions. Interferences to the TD-LIF measurements are described along with strategies to minimize their effects.


A highly practical guide rooted in theory to include the necessary background for taking the reader through the planning, implementation and management stages for each type of cellular network. Present day cellular networks are a mixture of the technologies like GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA. They even contain features of the technologies that will lead us to the fourth generation networks. Designing and optimising these complex networks requires much deeper understanding. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation presents radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation aspects for GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA networks with focus on practical aspects of the field. Experts from each of the domains have brought their experiences under one book making it an essential read for design practitioners, experts, scientists and students working in the cellular industry. Key Highlights * Focus on radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation * Covers GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA network planning & optimisation * Gives an introduction to the networks/technologies beyond WCDMA, and explores its current status and future potential * Examines the full range of potential scenarios and problems faced by those who design cellular networks and provides advice and solutions all backed up with real-world examples This text will serve as a handbook to anyone engaged in the design, deployment, performance and business of Cellular Networks. "Efficient planning and optimization of mobile networks are key to guarantee superior quality of service and user experience. They also form the essential foundation for the success of future technology development, making this book a valuable read on the road towards 4G." -Tero Ojanpera, Chief Technology Officer, Nokia Networks


Raimund Vogl is the project leader of a large-scale project which aims to introduce a university-based cloud storage services to major German universities. The protagonist needs to prepare himself for a meeting with the project sponsors, the Ministry of Science and Research, to convince them to go ahead with the project. The scenario is based on a real case and shows real challenges. The university-based scenario helps students to better put themselves in the context of the case. Also, the case serves to teach the basic principles of cloud computing. The main challenge faced by the protagonist is to come up with a plan for user adoption. Accordingly, several technology-related theories can be used. In addition, this goes along with the need of Sync&Share NRW to be perceived as a trustworthy provider. The case helps to understand the concept of trust, the relationship between trust and cloud computing acceptance and ways to gain trust in the context of cloud computing. Moreover, there are two additional challenges. First, the demand for support needs to be solved with only very limited human resources. Second, illegal file-sharing needs to be strictly prevented in order not to suffer from a loss of reputation.


ABSTRACT Dominant discourses of immigrant value in Taiwan and across Asia distinguish marital immigrants from desirable professional immigrants who are assumed to contribute their talents and economic productivity to their new home. This article examines national anxieties about the compromised value of marital immigrants and it illustrates the strategies adopted by immigrant spouses as they carve out new means of producing value through productive and reproductive labors. Focusing on mainland Chinese spouses in Taiwan, the article argues that contested political relations between Taiwan and China foster immigration policies that construct Chinese marital immigrants as familial dependents whose material desires and suspect political commitments are held in check by their identification with reproductive and care labors. The article asks how this complex devaluation system affects the life strategies of comparatively elite marital immigrants, Chinese women and men with postsecondary degrees and former professional careers in China. The article analyzes how these immigrants maneuver around policies that restrict their access to skilled employment, yet without necessarily rejecting their reproductive contributions to Taiwanese society. Elite spouses experience new forms of precariousness produced by the intersection of intimate life decisions with heteronormative gender roles, aspirations for self-fulfillment, and the insecurities of immigrant status.


This is the definitive reference book on massage as a remedial therapy for sports training and sports injuries. It covers all practical and theroretical aspects of the subject, ranging from the basics through to the treatment of soft tissue injuries; and it gives guidance on how to work in a support role with medical practitioners treating more serious injury. It offers innovative new ideas like working posture and the psychology of injury treatment. This book goes beyond the conventional idea that massage is just a pleasant luxury, and shows it as a vital component in an athlete's training. The therapy offers effective pain relief for muscular problems, with practical advice on how to achieve permanant solutions to improve performance in sport.


Nanometer sized lead molybdate (PbMoO4) plates are prepared through conventional hydrothermal together with sonochemical methods. The plates are then characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, photoluminescence spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrometry. The results indicate that the nanoplates have a characteristically narrow particle size distribution and their tetragonal scheelite-type structure is confirmed by both X-ray diffractometry and FTIR spectrometry. When the nanoplates are compared with the corresponding bulk crystals, blue shifts in their photoluminescence peaks, wider optical band gaps, and the broadening of the X-ray diffractometer peaks are observed. These can be ascribed to the decrease in crystal size.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of eligibility among patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) considered for endovascular repair and to examine the effect of an endovascular program on the institutional pattern of AAA repair.

METHODS
All patients evaluated for endovascular AAA repair since the inception of an endovascular program were reviewed for determination of eligibility rates and eventual treatment. Open AAA repairs were categorized as simple (uncomplicated infrarenal), complex (juxtarenal, suprarenal, thoracoabdominal, infected), or ruptured, and their rates before and after initiation of an endovascular program were compared.

RESULTS
Over 3 years, 324 patients were considered for endovascular AAA repair; 176 (54%) were candidates, 138 (43%) were not candidates, and 10 (3%) did not complete the evaluation. The rate of eligibility increased significantly from 45% (66/148 patients) during the first half of this period to 63% (110/176 patients) during the second half (P <. 001). Candidates were significantly younger (74.4 +/- 7.6 years) than noncandidates (78.3 +/- 6.7 years) (P <.01), and their aneurysm diameter tended to be smaller (57.6 +/- 9.2 mm compared with 60.8 +/- 12.3 mm; P =.06). The most common reason for ineligibility was an inadequate proximal aortic neck. Of 176 candidates, 78% underwent endovascular repair, and 6% underwent open repair. Of 138 noncandidates, 56% underwent surgical repair. Over a period of 6 years, 542 patients with AAAs (429 simple, 86 complex, 27 ruptured) underwent open repair. The total number and ratio of simple to complex open repairs for nonruptured aneurysms during the 3 years before the initiation of the endovascular program (213 simple, 44 complex) were not significantly different from the repairs over the subsequent 3-year period (216 simple, 42 complex). Similarly, no difference in the total number and the ratio of simple to complex open repairs was found between the first and the second 18-month periods since the initiation of the endovascular program.

CONCLUSIONS
The rate of eligibility of patients with AAA for endovascular repair appears to be higher than previously reported. The presence of an active endovascular program has not decreased the number or shifted the distribution of open AAA repair.


We extend the work of Skowron et al. (AIJ, 2016) by considering the parameterized complexity of the following problem. We are given a set of items and a set of agents, where each agent assigns an integer utility value to each item. The goal is to find a set of k items that these agents would collectively use. For each such collective set of items, each agent provides a score that can be described using an OWA (ordered weighted average) operator and we seek a set with the highest total score. We focus on the parameterization by the number of agents and we find numerous fixed-parameter tractability results (however, we also find some W[1]-hardness results). It turns out that most of our algorithms even apply to the setting where each agent has an integer weight.


A gricultural crop performance can be improved with use of seaweed extracts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on biometric, biochemical and yield parameters of the wheat. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 treatments [control (water), seed treatment (0.1 mL of the A. nodosum extract on the 100 g of seeds) and soil irrigation (5 mL L -1 of seaweed extract, which was applied at 14 th , 28 th and 42 nd days after sowing)] and 10 replications. Plants irrigated with A. nodosum extract showed increments in the height, dry mass of shoots and number of spikes (10.72%, 22.22% and 13.19%, respectively), however these plants had the lowest harvest index (reduction of 17.12%), when compared to the control. Seed treatment also increased plant height, but it did not change biochemical and productivity parameters. It is concluded that soil irrigation with 5 mL L -1 of A. nodosum extract provides development and positively affects production of 'IAC 364' wheat.


In view of the recent interruption of Envisat services, the European Space Agency (ESA) started the backlog processing of the whole archive of Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), through the Culture-MERIS project. Culture-MERIS provides global weekly composites of MERIS full-resolution (300 m) land reflectance. This paper examines the geographic coverage of the weekly product during the first year (2011) of operations. Pixel samples of weekly bottom-of-atmosphere (BOA) reflectance obtained from Culture-MERIS are compared with samples acquired from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 500 m 8-day surface reflectance product (MOD09A1). The inter-comparison proved a reasonable agreement of the green and red bands, between the two products, apart from surface reflectances over forested lands, where the reflectance levels are low and approach the root mean square deviation (RMSD).


The Michael J. Coles College of Business at Kennesaw State University uses selected faculty members on an Advising Team, and provides access to them through walk-in advising hours. Compared to our previous approach of assigning students to all faculty members, the benefits of this system for the students are more efficient and effective advising. Students have access to advising at more times, and are more likely to get correct answers quickly. The benefits for the faculty are that the faculty members on the Team enjoy advising and can have their performance expectations tailored to include advising, while those faculty members who are not interested in advising do not have to participate. This system acknowledges the differing interests, performance requirements (e.g., research), and abilities of faculty members. Other colleges and universities may find this approach beneficial for their students and faculty.


A conceptual model of the regional hydrogeology of the White Peak, considered fundamental to the
understanding of the local (Wye) catchment has been presented. Specific to the local catchment, an
investigation of the karst hydrogeology has been carried out in the context of its geological setting
using results from: tracer experiments, chemical analyses of spring water, and hydrograph analyses;
alongside detailed consideration of speleogenetic processes and terrain evaluation. Derived from these
studies, a conceptual model has been developed, which represents the catchment hydrogeology in a
number of hydrogeological units. Their attribution reflects the lithological differences and material
responses to both stress and mineralization that have exerted significant influence on speleogenetic
processes in the catchment. The units exhibit different recharge, through-flow and resurgence
characteristics. Speleogenetic processes in some of the bedrock units support the inception horizon
hypothesis. Flow paths typically pass through more than one hydrogeological unit.
Lead-zinc-fluorite-baryte mineralization is associated with the dominant hydrogeological unit on the
eastern side of the catchment. The mineral deposits were subject to several phases of exploitation
facilitated by dewatering via drainage adits (soughs). Records pertaining to the soughs have been used
to contribute to an understanding of the changes in groundwater levels as a consequence of mineral
exploitation. A case study focused on Lathkill Dale has been used to test the catchment model and
further explore human impacts on the hydrogeology.
The major contribution of this work is in furthering the understanding of the hydrogeology and
speleogenetic processes operating in the catchment. This is supplemented by additional contributions
to the understanding of the distribution of superficial deposits within the catchment. Speculation
regarding mineralizing processes; geomorphology; functioning of karst aquifers; seasonality of the
groundwater chemistry; climate change, and the engineering properties of the bedrock may encourage
further research in these areas.


Seventy skeletons were archaeologically recovered from the unmarked section of a suburban Adelaide church cemetery. The generally well-preserved sample consisted mostly of subadults comprising more than two-thirds of the collection. Twenty-nine (41.4%) individuals were infants aged less than one year at death. A total of 50 (71.4%) subadult skeletons (aged less than 15 years at death) were recovered. Although skeletal lesions among the subadult group were rare, it is believed that infection was the principal cause of death among this group. One eight to nine-year-old girl, presented with pathognomonic lesions indicative of congenital syphilis. The twenty adult skeletons ranged in age from approximately 18 to 59 years at death. Observed among the group were a variety of infectious, traumatic and occupational lesions. Infectious lesions existed in 70% of adults some of which allowed diagnosis of conditions including acquired syphilis, tuberculosis/pulmonary infection and unspecified systemic infection. Perimortem traumatic pathologies allowed, in two cases, positive identification of the individual against historical records. Skeletal markers of stress were observed in the majority of adults aged over 30 years at death. High rates of upper limb robusticity, spinal and joint lesions corroborated historical records indicating a hardworking and physically active community. Dental analyses revealed very poor dental hygiene and very little alleviating dental intervention beyond tooth extraction. Characterised by factors such as high infant representation; high rates of infectious and traumatic lesions; and, corroborating historical records, the skeletal collection showed a society, struggling to cope in its new environment. However, application of bone stable isotope analysis and documentary evidence suggested that nutrition was not necessarily the principal cause. Comparison with various other skeletal samples indicated that the St. Mary's people were a population in transition. Life table analyses using church burial records showed that following an establishment period, the colony was able to overcome many of its problems, leading to improvements in infant mortality and life expectancies. The principal causes of infant mortality and deaths among adults were alleviated following improvement in living conditions. Furthermore, a growing awareness of personal hygiene; inoculation against disease; and, improved access to medical facilities saw significant improvement by the turn of the 20th century. The material was analysed with the intention of deriving information regarding past individual and population lifeways. Church records indicated that the unmarked burial area dated from 1847, and was still in use into the 20th century. Analysis of the skeletal material provided an opportunity to gain insight into the lifeways of a little known and discrete group of people. The study area had long been associated with burial of the poor and destitute. The 'paupers section', as the area had come to be known, was also used for disposal of the many still and newborn babies. Biographical details of the positively identified individuals and others buried in the study area, suggest that some individuals may have chosen an unmarked burial on ideological grounds. This finding, in association with other analyses, shows that despite struggling through an establishment period, the St. Mary's people were, hardworking, adequately nourished and generally (in the health sense) robust; not the 'paupers' that popular myth would have us believe.


For given observable parental characteristics, children with divorced or separated parents tend to perform less well at school than children living with their two parents. This result has been used to argue that softening divorce legislation might be bad for children. This might, however, just reflect a selection effect: parents who decide to separate are presumably parents who fight with each other, etc., and it is unclear whether children growing up in a high-conflict, two-parent family are better off than children with separated parents. In this Paper, I develop two identification strategies suggesting that the selection hypothesis is indeed relevant. First, I loo k at the school performance of children a couple of years before their parents separate, and I show that they are doing as bad as children already living with only one of their parents. Next, I exploit the large increase in separation rates following the 1975 divorce law reform (as well as cross -regional variations in divorce rates) to show that the performance gap of single -parent children is a declining function of the separation rate, with an elasticity close to -1. Taken together, my results suggest that parental conflicts (rather than separation per se) are bad for children, and that the distribution of conflict intensity between couples has been fairly stable over time and was not significantly affected by the change in divorce law.


Contrast sensitivity for square-wave gratings of spatial frequencies between 0.44 and 33.2 cycles/deg was determined for exposure durations between 11 and 500 msec. The space-average luminance of the targets was kept constant at 10 mL, regardless of contrast, and equal to that of the pre- and post-exposure fields, which contained a cross-hair reticle to help maintain accommodation and fixation. At the longest exposure duration (500 msec) the contrast sensitivity function exhibited both the high- and the low-frequency declines described by previous investigators. At the briefest exposure duration tested (11 msec), the low-frequency decline of contrast sensitivity was virtually absent. Log contrast sensitivity improves with increasing exposure duration, but more for high-frequency than for low-frequency gratings. These results are compatible with the assumption that there is a time delay in the occurrence of inhibitory interactions in the retina.


The Indonesian social security program is currently undergoing a fundamental overhaul designed to make the existing system work better for the beneficiaries and to extend social security coverage to more workers, both in the formal and informal sector. the existing scheme has not been successful in its aims to provide adequate social security benefits to beneficiaries because of its low coverage, limited benefits, and low investment returns, combined with poor governance. the government has proposed a plan to convert the current social security scheme, which is based on a provident fund system, into a compulsory social insurance system. the plan is analyzed in this paper in order to examine the possible impact of the proposed scheme on the Indonesian labor market, investment flows, the government budget, and the economy in general.
from this analysis, we can conclude that there are several serious flaws in the government proposal as outlined in the proposed legislation, such as: the proposed scheme could worsen Indonesia's labor market and investment climate, worsen the government's budget deficits, and does not provide room for the private sector to provide social security benefits to Indonesians. many have concluded that publicly-provided social security schemes are no longer a viable model for workers today. instead private social security schemes would suit the health and retirement needs of today's workers better than public social security schemes. given the many problems facing the Indonesian public pension and healthcare system today, Indonesia should seriously consider adopting private social security programs to replace the current publiclyprovided scheme.
keywords: social security, public pension, national health insurance, Indonesia.


This year UK Disability History Month (UKDHM) examines the links between war and impairment and as a result how those who become disabled are treated. With the 100th anniversary of the start of World War One, the treatment of war disabled people casts a long shadow, with the unprecedented number of newly disabled people created by the world's first industrial and total war. How did the self-driven activity of disabled war veterans challenge the negative way they were often treated? This negativity remains widespread around the UK and the world and is the main reason UKDHM continues to try to improve the position of disabled people in the present, by understanding what happened to us in the past.


Research confirms that breastfeeding disparities persist and that lactation consultants play a key role in reducing them. However, there continues to be a limited availability of International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) in the US with racial minorities in particular facing persistent barriers in the certification process. Through semi-structured interviews with 36 IBCLCs across the US, this study takes a systematic look at breastfeeding disparities through the lens of the IBCLC. Specifically, this study addresses barriers to certification and employment discrimination faced by IBCLCs of color, race-based discrimination against patients, and the ways in which IBCLCs work to both medicalize and demedicalize breastfeeding. Each of these areas can impact breastfeeding equity, and each help to reveal the ways in which race, class, gender and medicine shape views and practices related to lactation and motherhood. Cost and the increasingly university-focused approach of the IBCLC certification process are found to be significant barrier for participants. Race-based discrimination during the certification process and in the workplace is also an ongoing and persistent reality that affects participant's relationships with patients and coworkers and their ability to secure workplace resources and to advance in their careers. IBCLCs report instances of race-based discrimination against patients such as unequal care provided to patients of color and overt racist remarks said in front of or behind patient's backs. Finally IBCLCs are found to demedicalize breastfeeding, but they often lack the authority to change breastfeeding policies. They also engage in other work that medicalizes breastfeeding and perpetuate the idea that mothers are anxiety-prone patients in need of professional intervention. INDEX WORDS: breastfeeding, lactation consultant, employment discrimination, patient discrimination, racism, medicalization, health equity, breastfeeding disparities "WHY EVEN BOTHER? THEY ARE NOT GOING TO DO IT": RACISM AND MEDICALIZATION IN THE LACTATION PROFESSION


[Excerpt] Disability, until very recently, has been largely invisible in the development process. In 2000, DFID broke new ground when it was the first major development agency to publish a paper on the links between poverty and disability. The Issues paper, 'Disability, Poverty and Development' was not a statement of policy; it advocated a twin track approach of mainstreaming disability issues combined with specific initiatives to address the particular needs of disabled people. The paper has gained widespread international recognition and raised expectations that DFID was about to take a lead on the issue. However, internally, the Issues paper is not so well known. This report reveals that DFID's disability-focused activities have been largely hidden, and that more has been achieved than has been recognised.


Pluripotency - the potential to differentiate into derivatives of the three embryonic germ layers endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm - is the main characteristic of embryonic stem (ES) cells. ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a pre-implantation blastocyst and can self-renew indefinitely in culture. Because of their differentiation capabilities, ES cells can potentially be used in cell-based therapies in human medicine as well as for toxicology screening and drug testing. Moreover, ES cells can be used to study early differentiation events and developmental decisions. As the pig is an important large-animal model in biomedical research the first two studies presented in this thesis focused on the culture of pluripotent cells from pig blastocysts. As mentioned in the introduction, porcine stem cells can also be a potential source for in vitro meat, a possible alternative for conventional meat, produced from stem cells cultured and differentiated into muscle cells in vitro. Therefore, the subjects of the second part of this thesis address muscle development and differentiation. It took over 17 years to generate ES cell lines from human blastocysts since the derivation of the first mouse ES cell line in 1981. While early embryology of mice and rats is highly similar mouse ES cell culture conditions do not yield ES cells from rat, and germline competent rat ES cells were just recently derived using small molecule inhibitors. It is therefore perhaps not surprising that we were unable to generate true ES cell lines from the pig using conventional procedures. However, by examining the temporal and spatial expression pattern in porcine embryos of factors important in mouse pluripotency, and through exclusion of culture conditions, the results reported in this thesis will benefit future research into the generation of ES cell lines from the pig. Although porcine ICM cells differentiate in culture, these differentiated cells may still be used to provide progenitor cells. The results on the generation of neural progenitor cells from cultured porcine ICM cells can be of use when testing the safety of neural progenitor-transplantation in human medicine. Characterization of genes such as Cazip and investigating the functional role of proteins such as SARCOSIN, which are involved in muscle development and differentiation, is important for the development of therapeutics in muscle disease. Also for the production of in vitro meat, knowledge on muscle differentiation is essential. The generation of in vitro meat is not a new idea; in 1932 Winston Churchill argued that: 'Fifty years hence we shall escape the absurdity of growing a whole chicken in order to eat the breast or wing by growing these parts separately under a suitable medium' 49. Suffice to say that this claim was somewhat overconfident and more fundamental research is necessary to achieve the production of cultured meat.


The construction of identity is mobile and present; it has the important quality of being sexual. First of all, the phallic infantile, then, at puberty major readjustments take place because of the experience of the pubertaire. The author describes this « metamorphosis » in a number of works which are recalled and brought together here. He now emphasizes on the organization that constitutes the other: what other ? The unconscious of the other in romantic seduction.


From Kosovo and Iraq to Syria and Crimea, the specter of military intervention is a core theme within international law and policy literature. Rather than address 'warfare' and 'humanitarian intervention' as something actually occurring 'out there in the real world', this essay focuses on their functions within the text as a rhetorical device that helps constitute the structural conditions of disciplinary argument. In the face of what feels like escalating threats requiring immediate reaction, this essay seeks to demonstrate that it is instead exactly the right moment for reflection on the analytical toolkits that we take with us as partisans of a legal persuasion into given conflicts.


This study addresses the problem of constructing an adequate strategy for conflict resolution in the situations with high uncertainty and inconsistent goals. We develop the formal representation for such concepts as informing, deceiving, explaining, offending, forgiving, pretending, reputation etc. to model the various four, as of multiagent conflict behavior. These concepts are defined in the basis of mental states triple intention-knowledge-belief with an arbitrary predicate for action. We use the multiagent simulation tool with metalanguage support (MS) with the embedded metapredicates of mental state and action to provide the automatic agent with the ability to model the human agents with various degrees of reflection (Galitsky, 1998a). This tool raises the inference flexibility and expressiveness means to represent the formal scenarios of multiagent interaction and conflict resolution methodology. MS capabilities of conflict resolution are demonstrated in the domain of the advertisement scheduler for the broadcasting industry. Automatic agent models the mental states and behavior of the group of human agents during the process of building the schedule with inconsistent and informal constraints and uncertain interaction between these agents. Reasoning about action and change, belief, and temporal reasoning; automatic, incremental, interactive and multiagent modes of the automatic agent demonstrate its capabilities for conflict detection and resolution.


A phenomenological kinetic model has been developed for the prediction of nonisothermal reversible and/or irreversible incomplete transformations in steels. The theoretical basis of the proposed method has its origin in a possible extension of the traditional AustinRickett kinetic differential equation. To critically assess the applicability of the model, a number of stepped-isothermal tests and experiments based on computer simulations have been performed to predict the austenite/ferrite proeutectoid transformation in the temperature range of Ae1 to Ae3 on plain carbon hypoeutectoid steels. A comparison with published experimental data has verified that the model developed is reasonable both quantitatively and with respect to well-established trends. Extension of the method of prediction appears promising when the non-isothermal reactions occurring during heat treatment (such as carbide precipitation and dissolution) can be assumed to proceed in a reversible manner.


The three bad witches are HUNGRY! "Let's eat these children," they say. They may have teeth that are longer than their lips and they may wear high heels, but they are NO match for two smart children, their brave grandma, three hound dogs, and a fast-running snake.The Three Witches was first published in every tongue got to confess, the third volume of folklore collected by Zora Neale Hurston while traveling in the Gulf States in the 1930s. It has been adapted for young people by National Book Award winner Joyce Carol Thomas. The vibrant paintings have been masterfully executed by internationally celebrated artist Faith Ringgold.


The Dibba zone is a narrow, structurally complex, NE-SW trending part of the Oman mountains thrust front. It comprises a series of imbricated and folded thrust sheets of shelf-edge and slope facies Mesozoic carbonates, basinal facies sediments and a sedimentary mélange, overlain by a thrust sheet of sub-ophiolitic greenschist and amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks and the basal part of the Upper Cretaceous Semail ophiolite nappe. Thrusting during the Late Cretaceous was directed towards the W and NW across the former continental margin. It is postulated that during the Mesozoic the area lay on a SE-facing, probably transform fault controlled, section of the NE Arabian continental margin. There is no evidence for major post-early Mesozoic high-angle faulting along the Dibba zone, as has previously been postulated in tectonic syntheses of the area.


In The Origins of Comics: From William Hogarth to Winsor McCay, Thierry Smolderen presents a cultural landscape whose narrative differs in many ways from those presented by other historians of the comic strip. Rather than beginning his inquiry with the popularly accepted "sequential art" definition of the comic strip, Smolderen instead wishes to engage with the historical dimensions that inform that definition. His goal is to understand the processes that led to the twentieth-century comic strip, the highly recognizable species of picture stories that he sees crystallizing around 1900 in the United States. Featuring close readings of the picture stories, caricatures, and humoristic illustrations of William Hogarth, Rodolphe Topffer, Gustave Dore, and their many contemporaries, Smolderen establishes how these artists were immersed in a very old visual culture in which images--satirical images in particular--were deciphered in a way that was often described as hieroglyphical. Across eight chapters, he acutely points out how the effect of the printing press and the mass advent of audiovisual technologies (photography, audio recording, and cinema) at the end of the nineteenth century led to a new twentieth-century visual culture. In tracing this evolution, Smolderen distinguishes himself from other comics historians by following a methodology that explains the present state of the form of comics on the basis of its history, rather than presenting the history of the form on the basis of its present state. This study remaps the history of this influential art form.


This document describes an architecture for the transport of IP
Datagrams over ISO MPEG-2 Transport Streams (TS). The MPEG-2 TS has
been widely accepted not only for providing digital TV services but
also as a subnetwork technology for building IP networks. Examples of
systems using MPEG-2 include the Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) and
Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) Standards for Digital
Television. The document identifies the need for a set of Internet
standards defining the interface between the MPEG-2 Transport Stream
and an IP subnetwork. It suggests a new encapsulation method for IP
datagrams and proposes protocols to perform IPv6/IPv4 address
resolution, to associate IP packets with the properties of the Logical
Channels provided by an MPEG-2 TS. This memo provides information for
the Internet community.


Abstract Snakes, as ectotherms, rely heavily on environmental temperature to drive physiological processes. Activity in terrestrial snakes is influenced heavily by environmental temperature, but climatic, temporal, and ecological factors play a role as well. Understanding when and under what conditions a species is most likely to be active on the surface can be important when dealing with a cryptic species and a species that occurs at low densities. Surface activity, body temperature (Tb), and microclimatic data were collected during a study of 17 Heterodon platirhinos in an early-successional sand-dune ecosystem from 2009 to 2011 using temperature-sensitive radiotransmitters. Mean Tb (27.9°C, SE = 0.24) and Tb range (5.5–39.5°C) were similar to those reported in other studies of H. platirhinos. Females were generally more active than males, except in September when males may be searching for mates. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between snake surface activity and selected microclimatic and temporal variables. Hours postsunrise and relative humidity emerged as the top variables influencing surface activity in gravid females. Hours postsunrise and ambient air temperature emerged as the top variables influencing surface activity in males. Our data suggest that activity in H. platirhinos occurs as a function of several environmental, temporal, and ecological factors and varies on the basis of sex and reproductive class. When considering activity, future studies on terrestrial ectotherms should consider not only the relationships of sex, but of reproductive class as well.


In an era of increasing globalization, Millennials are venturing abroad in record numbers. This paper is the result of a focus group conducted with students in Syracuse University's Public Diplomacy Program. It explores the impact of international experience on students' worldview and conceptualizations of citizenship. The end of the paper presents a model of citizenship as a learning process. It delves into notions of personal responsibility mobilized by new life experiences, growing awareness of self, others, critical reflection, and evolving identity. It provides some insight into the way graduate students of public diplomacy conceive of themselves and their role in the world.


Get insider details on how to operate a successful bar
Running a Bar For Dummies, 2nd Edition shows established and future bar owners how to establish and maintain a successful business. Using clear, concise language, this For Dummies guide contains all the information you need to start your bar off on the right foot. From grand opening to last call, you'll discover the insider tricks that keep the business end running smoothly and the customers happily engaged. With updated information on marketing and social media, the book walks you step by step through the entire process, revealing the nitty-gritty details most new bar owners only discover after starting.
The bar business continues to grow; however, securing running capital and having knowledge about the business are cited as the two biggest reasons new bars fail. Running a Bar For Dummies, 2nd Edition shines a light on these issues to help bar owners prepare properly. The book helps you find your way through the maze of licensing and permits, developing a business plan, and preparing for your grand opening, plus offers clear, no-nonsense guidance on dealing with tough customers. Every step of the way, Running a Bar For Dummies, 2nd Edition is a reference you can count on.

Understand the bar business and important legal issues
Stock the necessities, including equipment and inventory
Promote your business using marketing and social media
Manage expenses and control cash flow

When run correctly, a bar can be an extremely profitable business, but the key to success is knowing exactly what you're getting into. By recognizing common problems and teach you how to adapt quickly to changing conditions, Running a Bar For Dummies, 2nd Edition provides the information you need to develop those skills, and get your bar started.


This book offers an international, first-stop look at dependence on natural resources.Studies predict that world energy consumption will increase by 59 percent before the year 2020. Faced with skyrocketing energy costs, dwindling supplies of fossil fuels, and increasing environmental degradation, people around the globe are becoming more and more resourceful in finding more efficient ways to fuel modes of transportation, heat and light their homes and businesses, and power the production of goods of all kinds."Energy Supply and Renewable Resources" examines the history behind industrialized nations' dependence on natural resources, particularly fossil fuels, as well as developing nations' increasing consumption of these resources. This eye-opening guide draws parallels between the energy-related challenges faced by the United States and those of several key nations: China, Germany, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Venezuela. Through primary source documents, statistical data, graphs, and charts, this accessible book surveys current energy consumption and production trends, and presents evidence of the need to harness alternative, renewable sources of energy. It also studies the environmental, economic, and political effects of existing energy infrastructures; reviews current energy policies; studies threats to energy supply; highlights those nations playing key roles in current and future energy production; and presents research on the use of emerging energy alternatives.


Speaking of the dark side of beauty implies a bright side as well and therefore points to an ambivalence in the concept of beauty. Whereas this can perhaps be most clearly seen in the nineteenth-century romanticist idea of the beauty of repugnance, ancient Israel never regarded "the ugly" as beautiful. But she could and did consider as straight-forwardly beautiful that which conventional Western images would regard as failing beauty (e.g. the decay of old age). While this serves as a reminder of the historical and cross-cultural relativity of the topic, Israelites did find a dark side in what they themselves found beautiful. The focus of this article is on this ambivalence experienced by Israel itself. What it could delight in, could also be fearsome and what it could celebrate, could simultaneously have a dangerous dark side. This is investigated from several angles: as the moral danger of erotic beauty, the religious danger of cultic beauty, the gloomy and even terrorising mental effect of beauty, and the transience of beauty. Although the usual claim that ancient Israel had no abstract concept of beauty is not challenged, it is concluded that beauty was not regarded as a mere "concrete" thing either. Rather, beauty is the image(s) of an ominous force behind it. The images can manifest the threatening character of that lurking energy just as strongly or even more than its gratifying effects.


Every once in a while something happens that causes such outrage and public consternation that it makes it impossible for politicians to avoid acting. Such events rarely occur in isolation but speak to a history that has been accumulating over time – rubbish that has been gathering in the streets until finally the stench is too overbearing to ignore and something has to be done to clean up the yard and made it habitable once more. The phone hacking scandal in the UK was one such event (Davies, 2014).

In the summer of 2011 the national daily newspaper, News Of the World, owned by Rupert Murdoch's News International, stood accused of illegal, unethical behaviour through the systematic phone hacking of politicians, members of the royal family, celebrities, murder victims and their families. Murdoch subsequently closed down the News of the World and several ex-editors and journalists found themselves under criminal investigation. The Prime Minister, David Cameron, publicly embarrassed by his employment of Andy Coulson (a former editor of News of the World), as his director of communications, who was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service in July 2011 for allegations of corruption and phone hacking, called for a public inquiry chaired by Lord Justice Leveson to investigate the issues involved. This very public shaming of certain sections of the media, combined with political circumstances, brought about a very public response from the prime minister, and sparked a reinvigorated approach to media reform in the UK led by two campaign groups: Hacked Off and the Media Reform Coalition (MRC). This chapter reflects on the author's involvement in the Hacked Off Campaign (as vice-chair of the Board of Directors) and the MRC (as a founding member), and considers what we can learn from them practically as media activists, and how they can inform our thinking theoretically as media scholars.


While traditionally American fair use has been thought of as broader in scope than Canadian fair dealing, I claim that in 2013 this is no longer the case. I further argue that educational administrators and academic and library associations in Canada have yet to take full advantage of this expansion of users' rights.In Part I I give a brief and general overview of copyright in Canada and the United States. In Part II I compare the legislation and jurisprudence specifically with respect to fair dealing and fair use, using the fairness factors as a guide. Specifically, this part will examine differences with respect to the fairness factors in general, transformativity, amount and substantiality, market harm and licences, and institutional practice and policy. Part III is a discussion of the advocacy efforts of Canadian and American educational and library professional associations and the development of best practices and guidelines. I conclude that colleges and universities in Canada may now confidently develop copyright policies that reflect the rights of users, but educational administrators and associations in Canada are lagging behind their American counterparts in leveraging this opportunity.This paper was presented as a work-in-progress at the IP Scholars Conference, Cardozo Law School, New York (9 August 2013).


In spite of the prevailing security dynamics in Yemen and Libya, both states continue to serve as areas of transit along some of the world's largest mixed migration routes, leaving migrants caught in the crossfire of the two conflicts. This article examines the legal framework governing the protection of migrants in armed conflict under international humanitarian and human rights law. It also identifies two adverse incentives produced by the conflict situations that impede the exercise of these legal protections: (1) profits derived from migrant smuggling and trafficking, and (2) the use of migrants to support armed groups. In the absence of stable conditions in Yemen and Libya, individuals have little reason to respect international legal protections and discontinue migrant abuse connected with the lucrative businesses of smuggling and trafficking. The intractable nature of the two conflicts has also led to the strategic use of migrants as armed support, and more specifically as combatants, weapons transports, and human shields. Given these realities, the article outlines several recommendations to address the issue of migrant abuse in conflict. It recommends that states, particularly those neighboring Yemen and Libya, strengthen regular migration pathways to help reduce the number of migrants transiting through active conflict zones. It further advises that the international community increase the cost of noncompliance to international humanitarian law through the use of accountability mechanisms and through strategic measures, including grants of reciprocal respect to armed groups that observe protections accorded to migrants in conflict situations.


In a duopoly where two firms' products are differentiated both, horizontally and vertically, introduction of a quality standard affects equilibrium quality levels of both firms. The effects, furthermore, depend upon consumers being or not perfectly informed about qualities. Qualities are strategic substitutes and under perfect information only non-innocuous standards, i.e. above the lowest quality in an unregulated equilibrium, change the equilibrium. However, the average quality in the market may go down due to the standard, because the high quality firm will lower its own quality, and total consumers welfare may decrease. Under uncertainty, even innocuous standards, below the lowest unregulated equilibrium quality, may alter the equilibrium quality choices.


Molybdenum minerals are widely distributed in NM; 74 occurrences have been reported. Molybdenite is the most common molybdenum mineral, as it is throughout the world; wulfenite, jordisite, ferrimolybdenite, ilsemannite, powellite, and molybdian scheelite also are found in the state.There are seven types of molybdenum deposits in NM: 1) molybdenite in pegmatite dikes, 2) molybdenite with or without other sulfide minerals in quartz veins, 3) molybdenite as disseminated grains and in quartz-stockwork veinlets in porphyry-copper deposits, 4) molybdenite as disseminated grains and in quartz-stockwork veinlets in cooper-poor porphyry-molybdenum deposits, 5) powellite, molybdenite, and/or molybdian scheelite in contact-tungsten deposits, 6) wulfenite in oxidized lead bodies, and 7) jordisite in bedded uranium deposits.Ferrimolybdenite is present in many of the occurrences as an oxidation product of molybdenite; ilsemannite is found in the uranium deposits as an oxidation product of jordisite. Deposits of types 1-5 in nearly all instances are closely associated with granitic intrusive rocks. Nearly all the molybdenum deposits elsewhere in the world are of these same seven types and, for the world as a whole, occur in roughly similar proportions. The ore subtype that is not found in NM but is important elsewhere is the tin and/or tungsten-bearing quartz veins common in Asia.Although production was small, NM was one of the major sources of molybdenum during the early part of this century when wulfenite was mined from the Stevenson-Bennett mine, Dona Ana County, and the Palomas Gap and Hillsboro mining districts, Sierra County. The largest, and presently the only, molybdenum producer in NM is the Santa Rita porphyry-copper mine, Grant County, from which more than 32 million pounds of molybdenite have been recovered as a by-product of copper mining. The second largest producer was the Questa molybdenum mine, Taos County, which yielded more than 20 million pounds of molybdenite from quartz veins. Although the high-grade veins have been mined out, a large low-grade porphyry-molybdenum deposit associated with the veins is now being readied for large-scale mining.Because of its versatility and abundance, the demand for molybdenum will continue to increase rapidly. NM will remain an important producer. The Santa Rita and Questa deposits both have large reserves, and the possibility of finding other minable molybdenum deposits in the state is good. The uranium deposits of the Grants area are another potentially important source of the metal.


Rationale St. Olaf College is proud of its chemistry department, graduating more chemistry majors during the last decade than any other four-year liberal arts college in the United States. Given the number of chemistry majors and the amount of chemical research conducted at St. Olaf, it is not surprising that Chemistry Citation Index[R] (CCI)--published by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and one of the primary indices to chemistry journals--receives heavy use. Students, ranging from upperclassmen assisting their professors with original research to underclassmen just beginning to explore the chemical literature, rely heavily upon this index. The St. Olaf Science Library subscribes to only a small portion of the many journals indexed by CCI. Students and faculty who need exhaustive searches of the chemical literature find CCI invaluable and can use Minitex, the library network funded by the state of Minnesota, to obtain articles not available in house. But for chemistry students just beginning to familiarize themselves with the literature, CCI can be a frustrating product when only a small number of the citations retrieved are available on campus. To address this predicament, the St. Olaf Science Library devised a method of limiting CCI searches to in-house titles. Creating a local serials holdings list of Silver Platter CDROM databases has already been demonstrated,(1) but the customization of ISI CD-ROM products proved to be quite a challenge. Nevertheless, with a little ingenuity we were able to incorporate a local serials list into CCI, devising a method that is also applicable to other ISI products. Students find this local holdings feature invaluable, allowing them to use one of the primary indexes to the chemistry literature while ensuring their time is not wasted wading through citations to journals owned only by large or specialized research institutions. Methodology The following instructions are for version 3.05 of the ISI search software. We began with St. Olaf's locally created serials list and with a printout of titles representing monographic serials such as the Annual Review of Biochemistry, etc. After powering up the computer and inserting the CCI CD into the CD-ROM drive, you are defaulted to the "basic index" search option. Perform an Alt-F (fields) command. Using the arrow keys, key down to the "abbr Journal" option (in some versions of the software you may see "abbr sOurce" rather than "abbr Journal"). Perform an Alt-D (Dictionary) command. You will now see CCI journal titles in their abbreviated form. Using the space bar, mark the titles to which your institution subscribes. Using the down arrow key, continue marking titles, making sure that you do not exceed the space buffer in the "abbr Journal" field (you will receive the message "search query exceeded maximum length" should you overload the buffer). After you have selected several titles, hit the Enter key. Press Enter again and the titles will be searched, causing a "Total" to appear in the "Records Search Terms" window. Press Enter yet again and "Set 1" is created. Perform another Alt-D; scan down the list using the space bar to mark your selections. Hit the Enter key three times, and "Set 2" is created, and so on. When all journal titles have been selected it is time to OR together all of the search sets. This time choose the Alt-F (fields) option. Now choose "S" for set combinations. Begin entering the set numbers (e.g., 1 or 2 or 3 or 4), once again making certain the strategy does not exceed the space buffer. …


Persistent poverty, economic decay, and lack of opportunities are at the root of considerable discontent in declining and lagging-behind areas the world over. Poor development prospects and an increasing belief that these places have 'no future' – as economic dynamism has been posited to be increasingly dependent on agglomeration economies – have led many of these so-called 'places that don't matter' to revolt against the status quo. The revolt has come via an unexpected source: the ballot-box in a wave of political populism with strong territorial, rather than social foundations. I will argue that the populist wave is challenging the sources of existing well-being in both the less-dynamic and the more prosperous areas and that better, rather than more, place-sensitive territorial development policies are needed in order to find a solution to the problem. Place-sensitive development policies need, however, to stay clear of the welfare, income-support, and big investment projects of past development strategies if they are to be successful and focus on tapping into untapped potential and on providing opportunities to those people living in the places that 'don't matter'.


This work presents a comprehensive study of the diffuse reflectance of nonabsorbing powders in the mid-infrared. The changes in the optical and physical parameters of the powder (particle size, granulometric distribution, powder density, refractive index) have been used to get a better understanding of the influence of each parameter on the diffusely reflected intensity, as well as the mechanisms of the light diffusion by the powder. A commercial diffuse reflectance attachment has been tested optically for the accuracy of measurements, the focalization of the incident beam at the sample surface being taken into account. The experimental results have been compared to results of existing diffusion theories. This comparison proves the pertinency of the observed variation of the intensity of the diffusely reflected light with the refractive index which increases from 0 for n = 1 to a maximum and then decreases with n. This behavior is related to the anisotropy of the light diffusion both at the inside and then at the outside of the particles and to the light trapping by total reflection inside the particles.


The purpose of this action research was to examine the effects of technology-based mathematics practice on student achievement in comparison to more traditional practice methods. The research took place in both a fourth-grade and a sixth-grade classroom in the same school. Technology-based practice was done using an iPad program called IXL and traditional practice was completed with paper and pencil on worksheets. Data was collected in the form of pretest and posttest scores, assignment completion rates, student behaviors, teacher reflections and student surveys. The data did not show any conclusive evidence that one practice method is better than the other. It is concluded that a combination of both practice methods may be most beneficial for student learning. After completing this research, a next possible step would be to further examine the influences on student learning based on grade level and mathematical concept when using technology and traditional practice methods.


This article explores the shifting relations that took place from the last decades of the 19th to the first years of the 20th century between two of the most innovative language movements of the time: the spelling reform and the artificial language movements. The article focuses on the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Although both movements shared a similar language ideology which run counter to the organicist perception of language and emphasized its democratic function, the article shows how the shifting political environment in which they operated affected their relation. The article identifies three stages. In a first stage, and convinced that the reform of the spelling and the promotion of an artificial, neutral language were not mutually exclusive projects, the spelling reformers were favorably inclined towards artificial language projects. In a second stage relations began to skew when some reformers advocated for the "natural Esperanto" solution, which implied the promotion of a small language to the status of the international lingua franca. In the last stage, when nationalist sentiments and international rivalries mounted, the spelling reformers broke ties with the artificial language movement and worked to improve as much as possible the international standing of their own languages.


Abstract
Purpose
In this chapter, we examine several attributes of lone wolf terrorists and how their activities are temporally and geospatially patterned. In particular, we demonstrate how precursor behaviors and attack characteristics of lone wolves are similar and different compared to those of group-based terrorists.

Methodology/approach
Based on data drawn from the American Terrorism Study (ATS), we examine 268 federal terrorism "indictees" linked to 264 incidents. Three types of loners are identified based on group affiliations and levels of assistance in preparing for and executing terrorist attacks. A series of analyses comparatively examine loners who had no assistance and those actors that did.

Findings
The results of this study suggest that lone wolf terrorists are more educated and socially isolated than group-based actors. Lone wolves also engage in less precursor activities than group actors, but are willing to travel greater distances to prepare for and execute attacks. Explanations for why lone wolves are able to "survive" longer than terrorist groups by avoiding arrest may in part stem from their ability to temporally and geospatially position their planning and preparatory activities.

Originality/value
Studies on lone wolf terrorism remain few and many are plagued by methodological and conceptual limitations. The current study adds to this growing literature by relying on lone wolf terrorism data recently made available by the American Terrorism Study (ATS). Our findings are valuable for members of the law enforcement and intelligence communities responsible for the early detection and prevention of lone wolf terrorism in the United States.


While Nietzsche is known as a virulent opponent of conventional morality, the critical dimension of his philosophy cannot be divorced from his novel understandings of nature, society, and the self. This dissertation clarifies Nietzsche's treatments of these notions by comparing his views to those of other figures in the western philosophical tradition. I defend a comparative approach to Nietzsche's philosophy and provide an overview of my project in chapter one. In chapter two, I argue that although Nietzsche shares Stoicism's emphasis on self-discipline and on the affirmation of fate, he rejects the Stoics' teleological understanding of nature and their view of moral values as descriptively objective. This leads Nietzsche to value passion and suffering for helping us realize the world's indifference to our all-too human concerns and for prompting value creation. In chapter three, I argue that Nietzsche agrees with Leibniz about the existence and character of unconscious perceptions and appetites – and about the way much of our metaphysics derives from our understanding of the self. Nevertheless, Nietzsche audits metaphysical notions such as God and substance on the basis of his rejection of Leibniz's view of the self as a monad. This leads him to pursue a naturalistic understanding of consciousness, and of ideas, as emerging to satisfy unconscious drives. In chapter four, I examine Deleuze's interpretation of Nietzsche's notions of the will to power and the Overman. In addition to defending the viability of these interpretations, I show how they inform Deleuze's later notions of desiring-production and nomadology. These studies demonstrate Nietzsche's untimely relevance to ancient, early modern, and contemporary philosophical approaches.


Scientists have long been associated with religion's decline around the world. But little data permit analysis of the religiosity of scientists or their perceptions of the science-faith interface. Here we present the first ever survey data from biologists and physicists in eight regions around the world—France, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States, countries and regions selected because they exhibit differing degrees of religiosity, varying levels of scientific infrastructure, and unique relationships between religious and state institutions (N = 9,422). The data collection includes biologists and physicists at all career stages from elite and non-elite universities and research institutes. We uncovered that in most of the national contexts studied, scientists are indeed more secular—in terms of beliefs and practices—than those in their respective general populations, although in four of the regional contexts, over half of scientists see themselves as religious. And surprisingly, scientists do not think science is in conflict with religion. Instead, most see religion and science as operating in separate spheres.


Internet and social media have opened up new possibilities for companies and organisations tocommunicate their brand. It only takes a few seconds to communicate the message of a website to theuser. This indicates the importance of having the intended message of the website communicated clearlyin order to give the user a correct impression of the company or the organisation. When it comes to theconcept design of a website, it's important that all different parts is presented uniformly. This reportdescribes the process and the end product of a concept design for a food event. The concept designincludes interaction design, a graphic identity and digital strategies in a website that all togheter creates astartingpoint for the branding of the event. In the creation of the logotyp which is as part of the graphicidentity it was important to anticipate the needs of the users and the other stakeholders. An interviewstudy was conducted with a focus group of the purpose to investigate users' feelings and reactions basedon the first impressions of three different logo proposals. The investigation was fruitful and increased ourunderstanding about what the participants thought about the different logotypes and colour combinations.Along with a few corrections we reach a brand identity that could be effective in communicating themessage of the event. During the design process, we had regular weekly meetings with the client who alsoapproved the final logo, graphic identity as well as the digital strategies and functions of the website. Theresult shows that a careful preparatory phase is a necessity to establish the client's goals and vision as wellas our own early in the process. This helped us to keep the design work on a steady path through thewhole process as well as creating a unified concept design for the event.


There are a number of important links and similarities between public health and safety. In this extended essay, Gregg D. Caruso defends and expands his public health-quarantine model, which is a non-retributive alternative for addressing criminal behavior that draws on the public health framework and prioritizes prevention and social justice. In developing his account, he explores the relationship between public health and safety, focusing on how social inequalities and systemic injustices affect health outcomes and crime rates, how poverty affects brain development, how offenders often have pre-existing medical conditions (especially mental health issues), how involvement in the criminal justice system itself can lead to or worsen health and cognitive problems, how treatment and rehabilitation methods can best be employed to reduce recidivism and reintegrate offenders back into society, and how a public health approach could be successfully applied within the criminal justice system. Caruso's approach draws on research from the health sciences, social sciences, public policy, law, psychiatry, medical ethics, neuroscience, and philosophy, and he delivers a set of ethically defensible and practically workable proposals for implementing the public health-quarantine model. The essay begins by discussing recent empirical findings in psychology, neuroscience, and the social sciences that provide us with an increased understanding of the social and neurological determinants of health and criminal behavior. It then turns to Caruso's public health-quarantine model and argues that the model provides the most justified, humane, and effective approach for addressing criminal behavior. Caruso concludes by proposing a capability approach to social justice grounded in six key features of human well-being. He argues that we cannot successfully address concerns over public health and safety without simultaneously addressing issues of social justice — including the social determinants of health (SDH) and the social determinants of criminal behavior (SDCB) — and he recommends eight general policy proposals consistent with his model.


Can a crime make our world better? Crimes are the worst of humanity's wrongs but, oddly, they sometimes do more than anything else to improve our lives. As it turns out, it is often the outrageousness itself that does the work. Ordinary crimes are accepted as the background noise of our everyday existence but some crimes make people stop and take notice – because they are so outrageous, or so curious, or so heart-wrenching. These "trigger crimes" are the cases that this book is about.
They offer some incredible stories about how people, good and bad, change the world around them by energizing, or disgusting, the rest of us. The images are striking: a burning river, a hundred poisoned children, falling flaming bodies, four dead little girls in their Sunday best, collapsing skyscrapers, and indifferent police watching a wife get beaten.
The stories show us how a single individual can make an enormous difference. The mother whose daughter is killed by a drunk driver ends up changing the way we think about drunk driving. The government attorney who figures out how to protect witnesses against the Mafia creates a flood of organized crime defections. A black minister who creates his own vigilante squad starts the war on drugs.
The stories also show how far we have come even within the memory of people still living. We take for granted much of the world around us, but things were very different not long ago. Imagine a world where stores regularly sell contaminated food and adulterated drugs, where many buildings are veritable death traps, and where flagrant financial wrongdoing is accepted as a natural corollary to capitalism. This is our not-too-distant past.
Perhaps most striking in these tales is what they reveal about the nature of progress. We would like to think it is orderly and rational, but in truth it is often chaotic and unpredictable. Who would have guessed that a single kidnapping would create the federalization of criminal law, that a particular sniper would lead to the creation of SWAT teams, or that an attack on a New York Street would inspire the national 9-1-1 system? At the same time, the stories are comforting in the apparent inevitability of American progress. Our progress may be messy but it is relentless.
Presented here is the story of the 1983 beating of Tracey Thurman and the process by which it led ultimately to the 1994 Violence Against Women Act and other legal reforms.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that manifests itself within an individual through cognitive, social, and academic deficits. As is true for all spectrum disorders, each individual may experience a range of deficits with varying severity. Many students with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulty in some area of communication. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) was developed in an effort to remedy the communication difficulties between individuals with severe ASD and their peers. The main goal of PECS is to enable students with communication deficits to spontaneously communicate with their peers. The system is composed of six different phases in which a student may progress with increasing independency. While many individuals with ASD are able to communicate effectively with PECS, such a system is not suitable for all individuals on the spectrum; therefore, it is imperative for professionals, parents, and peers to be knowledgeable of the implementation, utilization, and culmination of the Picture Exchange Communication System.


What does a pack of cigarettes cost a smoker, the smoker's family, and society? This longitudinal study on the private and social costs of smoking calculates that the cost of smoking to a 24-year-old woman smoker is $86,000 over a lifetime; for a 24-year-old male smoker the cost is $183,000. The total social cost of smoking over a lifetime—including both private costs to the smoker and costs imposed on others (including second-hand smoke and costs of Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security)—comes to $106,000 for a woman and $220,000 for a man. The cost per pack over a lifetime of smoking: almost $40.00. The first study to quantify the cost of smoking in this way, or in such depth, this accessible book not only adds a weapon to the arsenal of antismoking messages but also provides a framework for assessment that can be applied to other health behaviors. The findings on the effects of smoking on Medicare and Medicaid will be surprising and perhaps controversial, for the authors estimate the costs to be much lower than the damage awards being paid to 46 states as a result of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement.


Entrepreneurship education has two effects: it improves students' entrepreneurial skills and provides impetus to those suited to entrepreneurship while discouraging others. While entrepreneurship education helps students to make a vocational decision its effects may conflict for those unsuited to entrepreneurship. We show that vocational and skill formation effects of entrepreneurship education can be identified empirically using a structural equation model. While conflicting effects of vocational and skill directed course content are observed in some individuals, overall these types of content are complements. We discuss how our results extend recent research and provide implications for the design of entrepreneurship courses.


A detailed case report of the long-term intensive psychotherapy of a borderline patient illustrates my approach to such patients. It also raises questions about the value of interpretations in the early phases of therapy of such patients, regardless of which conflicting theories are chosen as the basis of these interpretations. Stress is placed on the value of empathic attunement to the patient, staying with the patient through the many vicissitudes of long-term treatment, and the developmental use the patient made of a long treatment, reliving certain phases of development in the transference. Acquisition of internalized controls may need to occur in this way before the patient is ready to utilize interpretations. Also illustrated are the difficulties in convincing insurance companies and other third parties to support long-term psychotherapy and the effects of such intensive interaction over the years on the psychotherapist.


The state exercises coercive force under the police power to protect the public order, security, and justice. When individuals who manifest significant psychological impairment harm or endanger others, police power interventions can involve several different institutional structures within the criminal justice system or the alternative institution of civil commitment. The analysis presented in this paper draws attention to the significance of the expressive functions of criminal punishment in selecting the most justified institutional structures for police power interventions intended to prevent impaired individuals from harming others. These functions arguably carry important implications for impaired individuals who harm or endanger others, for general categories of impaired individuals, for the public, and for the integrity of the process.