Child protection is one of the most high profile and challenging areas of social work, as well as one where children's lives and family life are seen to be at stake. Vital as child protection work is, this book argues that there is a pressing need for change in the understanding and consequent organization of child protection in many English speaking countries. The authors present compelling evidence from around the globe demonstrating that systems across the Western world are failing children, families and social workers. They then set out a radical plan for reform: Providing an overview of contemporary child protection policies and practices across the English speaking world. Presenting a clear and innovative theoretical framework for understanding the problems in the child protection system. Developing an alternative, ethical framework which locates child protection in the broader context of effective and comprehensive support for children, young people and families at the neighbourhood and community levels. Grounded in the recent and contemporary literature, research and scholarly inquiry, this book capitalises on the experiences and voices of children, young people, families and workers who are the most significant stakeholders in child protection. It will be an essential read for those who work, research, teach or study in the area.


Abstract Cerium(IV) double decker porphyrins bearing one-to-four pairs of 4-pyridyl groups (3a, 3a′, 3bp, 3bd, 3c, and 3d) were synthesized from tetraarylporphyrins bearing mono-, bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(4-pyridyl) groups. In 3b bearing two pairs of 4-pyridyl groups, there exist two isomers in which the 4-pyridyl groups are either proximal or distal (3bp and 3bd, respectively). In a mixed solvent of dichloromethane: ethyl acetate (30:1 v/v), 3a′ bearing one pair of 4-pyridyl groups and three pairs of phenyl groups did not interact with any dicarboxylic acids whereas 3d bearing four pairs of 4-pyridyl groups interacted only with dicarboxylic acid guests with a dimethylene spacer [e.g., BOC-L-aspartic acid (L-4) and (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ((1R,2R)-5)]. Interestingly, the complexation process monitored by CD spectroscopy showed a positive homotropic allosterism which satisfied the Hill equation giving constants K = 2.63 × 1011M-4 and n = 3.9 for L-4 and K = 2.75 × 109 M-4 and n = 4.0 for (1R,2R)-5. The continuous variation plots (Job plots) also supported the formation of the 1:4 3d/dicarboxylic acid guest complexes. The results consistently indicate that four pairs of 4-pyridyl groups in 3d allosterically bind these guests. In 3d, the two porphyrin rings can still rotate, but once the rotation is suppressed by the first guest binding, the subsequent binding of the second, third and fourth guests can occur cooperatively. This is the origin of the present positive homotoropic allosterism. A similar positive homotropic allosterism was also observed for 3bp and 3bd with n = 1.5 and 1.7, respectively and 3c with n = 3.0. The X-ray crystallographic study of the 3d·[(1R,2R)-5]4 complex showed that the two porphyrin planes are warped outward to relax the electrostatic repulsion and chirally twisted. The two carboxylic acid groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonds (but not intramolecular bridge-type hydrogen bonds) with the pyridyl groups because of the close packing effect of rigid host 3d and rigid guest (1R,2R)-5. In conclusion, this is a rare example of positive homotropic allosterism in an artificial system which is frequently seen in nature where the biological events must be efficiently regulated in response to signals.


We consider a collection {O_k}_{k=1}^N of interacting parametric mixed canonical-dissipative systems, (MCD). Each individual Ok, exhibits, in absence of interaction, a limit cycle L_k on which the orbit circulation is parameterized by w_k(t). The underlying network defining the interactions between the O_k's is assumed to possess a diffusive Laplacian matrix. For each O_k, we construct a class of position- and velocity-dependent interactions which lead to a dynamic learning process of the Hebbian type (DHL). More precisely, the interactions affect the circulation parameterization w_k(t) and the DHL mechanisms manifests itself by asymptotically driving the system towards a consensual (oscillatory) global state in which all O_k share a common circulation parameterization !c. It is remarkable that for our class of interactions, we are able to analytically calculate w_c which, in our case, is independent of the topology of the connecting network. However, the coupling network topology explicitly controls the relaxation rate via the spectral gap of the underlying adjacency matrix (i.e. the so called Fiedler number of the associated graph). Finally, we report several numerical illustrations which enable to observe the DHL mechanisms at work and confirm our theoretical assertions.


The effects of hurricanes with respect to infrastructure resilience are reviewed with reference to Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy. The effects of Hurricane Sandy on New York City and subsequent programs to improve the City's infrastructure are described. Special attention is focused on the restoration of the L Line Tunnel, which was flooded by Hurricane Sandy. Professor O'Rourke will describe how a team from Cornell and Columbia Universities was assembled at the request of Governor Andrew Cuomo to help re-engineer a $1/2 billion project to rehabilitate the tunnel, and still keep the subway in service. The new approach integrates several advanced technologies, including distributed fiber optics and LiDAR, and makes a breakthrough in infrastructure restoration resulting from interdisciplinary work between civil and electrical engineers. He will also describe recent advances in earthquake resilience for the regional water supply for Southern California. The agents of change that lead to improved policies and approaches are explored, including the technical, institutional, and social challenges of introducing new technologies and engaging community support. Tom O'Rourke is the Thomas R. Briggs Professor of Engineering in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cornell University. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering, Distinguished Member of ASCE, International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Member of the Mexican Academy of Engineering, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He authored or co-authored over 400 technical publications, and has received numerous awards for his research. His research interests cover geotechnical engineering, earthquake engineering, underground construction technologies, engineering for large, geographically distributed systems, and geographic information technologies and database management. We expect this talk to be highly attended, so please register as soon as possible! https://canterbury.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_OBso6R1xRVWiIcpgA7OMrw We will also try to set up a live facebook stream for this webinar. (details to be confirmed)


The Seasonal Workers Directive combines immigration law, which regulates entry and stay in a territory, with labour law, which governs the rights of workers. The different interests and expertise of the various eu institutions involved in the Directive's drafting and adoption exacerbated the tension between these two legal fields. In turn, this tension compromised the achievement of several of the eu's explicit objectives, namely, creating a level playing field for the recruitment of seasonal migrant workers across the Member States, instituting a circular migration program, and protecting migrant workers from economic and social exploitation. This article focuses on the extent to which the Directive has the capacity to protect seasonal migrant workers. To do so, it sketches the history of the Directive and discusses some consequences of its treaty basis, which provides the context for our analysis and evaluation of the substantive provisions of the Directive.


Polystrate fossils are one of numerous evidences for the rapid deposition of strata, as opposed to the uniformitarian belief in slow deposition over millions of years. They are briefly described from the Joggins Formation, Nova Scotia; Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming; Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park, Washington; the Geodetic Hills of Axel Heiberg Island; the Lompoc diatomite, California; and a diatomite from Peru. Uniformitarian geologists usually ignore polystrate fossils or claim that they represent only local rapid deposition, but they rarely supply any supporting evidence. A new location with polystrate petrified trees is described from open-pit coal mines in Alaska. About twenty upright trees at many different levels support rapid deposition of the strata there. The upright trees can be explained by the creationist log mat model, and evidence from the coal mines supports that interpretation.


Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the pattern of relationship between attachment styles, gaming addiction and empathy among adolescents. Research Methods: The correlational survey method was used herein. In order to explain the pattern of relationship between the variables, a theoretical model based on the literature was recommended,  which was tested by the Structural Equality Modeling (SEM). The sample of the research consisted of 338 middle school and high school students studying in Istanbul Umraniye district. 117 of the students (52.5%) were female while 160 thereof (47.5%) were male. Student ages ranged between 10 and 17, and their age mean was 13. The data was collected by the Attachment Styles Scale, Gaming Addiction Scale and Empathetic Tendency Scale. Findings: According the result of the Analysis, secure addiction significantly predicted gaming addiction in a negative way while it significantly predicted empathetic tendency in a positive way. Avoidant addiction significantly predicted gaming addiction in a positive way and empathetic tendency in a negative way. Anxious-ambivalent addiction, on the other hand, only predicted gaming addiction, in a positive way and significantly, and gaming addiction significantly predicted empathetic tendency in a negative way. Implications for Research and Practice: The relationship between the attachment styles and gaming addiction and empathetic tendency can be tested on different samples. Practitioners working in the field can work more effectively in coping with gaming addiction by taking the attachment styles and empathetic tendencies into consideration. The psycho-educational programs aimed to mitigate the gaming addiction can include modules to raise awareness about the attachment styles and increase the empathetic tendency.


Machine learning classification models are vulnerable to adversarial examples—effective input-specific perturbations that can manipulate the model's output. Universal Adversarial Perturbations (UAPs), which identify noisy patterns that generalize across the input space, allow the attacker to greatly scale up the generation of these adversarial examples. Although UAPs have been explored in application domains beyond computer vision, little is known about their properties and implications in the specific context of realizable attacks, such as malware, where attackers must reason about satisfying challenging problem-space constraints. In this paper, we explore the challenges and strengths of UAPs in the context of malware classification. We generate sequences of problem-space transformations that induce UAPs in the corresponding feature-space embedding and evaluate their effectiveness across threat models that consider a varying degree of realistic attacker knowledge. Additionally, we propose adversarial training-based mitigations using knowledge derived from the problem-space transformations, and compare against alternative feature-space defenses. Our experiments limit the effectiveness of a white box Android evasion attack to ~20% at the cost of ~3% TPR at 1% FPR. We additionally show how our method can be adapted to more restrictive application domains such as Windows malware. We observe that while adversarial training in the feature space must deal with large and often unconstrained regions, UAPs in the problem space identify specific vulnerabilities that allow us to harden a classifier more effectively, shifting the challenges and associated cost of identifying new universal adversarial transformations back to the attacker.


Factor Adjustments after Deregulation: Panel Evidence from Colombian Plants In this paper, we analyze employment and capital adjustments using a panel of plants from Colombia. We allow for nonlinear adjustment of employment to reflect not only adjustment costs of labor but also adjustment costs of capital, and vice-versa. Using data from the Annual Manufacturing Survey, which include plant-level prices, we generate measures of plant-level productivity, demand shocks, and cost shocks, and use them to measure desired factor levels. We then estimate adjustment functions for capital and labor as a function of the gap between desired and actual factor levels. As in other countries, we find non-linear adjustments in employment and capital in response to market fundamentals. In addition, we find that employment and capital adjustments reinforce each other, in that capital shortages reduce hiring and labor shortages reduce investment. Moreover, we find that the market oriented reforms introduced in Colombia after 1990 increased employment adjustments, especially on the job destruction margin, while reducing capital adjustments. Finally, we find that while completely eliminating frictions from factor adjustments would yield a dramatic increase in aggregate productivity through improved allocative efficiency, the reforms introduced in Colombia generated only modest improvements. JEL Classification: E22, E24, O11, C14, J63


The article is a section of the book "Building on Best Practices: Transforming Legal Education in a Changing World." It is part of an overall section describing the current and recommended state of experiential education in law schools today, which (among other recommendations) concludes that is a best practice for every law student to be able to enroll in at least one in-house clinic course and at least one externship course. The recommendation is based on the important distinctions between the two forms of clinical legal education, and the essential contributions that each makes to preparing law students for practice. This section takes a close look at externship courses and programs, and identifies the necessary features for excellence in externship education. These include (1) Immersion in Real Life Practice, (2) Dual Supervision (by both faculty and field supervisors), (3) Guided Reflection, and (4) Student Self-Reliance and Self-Determination.


Purpose To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. Methods Up to June 20, 2015, multiple databases were screened for relevant studies. Results Accordingly, 106 studies included 52,410 samples were selected. Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TB detection was validated against either culture or a composite reference standard (CRS). Additionally, selected studies were further subgrouped in four groups based on sample's type, subject's age, status of HIV co-infection and smear-positivity. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.88) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), respectively, compared to culture; while it was 0.59 (95% CI 0.44–0.72) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1.00) compared to CRS. The overall sensitivity was lower in countries with high TB prevalence than countries with middle/low prevalence (0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.88 versus 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84–0.93). Furthermore, Xpert MTB/RIF has higher sensitivity in patients with positive smears (0.99, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), in patients with pulmonary TB samples (0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.90), in adults (0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.86) and in HIV-positive patients (0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.87). Conclusions Taken together, Xpert MTB/RIF is a quick and accurate diagnostic assay for TB which will significantly help the physicians to make their clinical decisions.


The rural poor are vulnerable to disasters such as war, drought, floods and illness; to exploitation, and to heavy expenditure on social needs such as dowries, weddings and funerals. Their vulnerability increases as traditional supports weaken, costs rise, and their reserves, such as livestock, diminish. On the positive side, trees to which they have access or which they own, have become more valuable and easier to market. It is time trees were seen as savings and security for many of the rural poor.They can free poor farmers from insecurity by enabling them to build up reserves and meet contingencies. But for trees to be good savings for the poor, professionals have themselves to recognize their potential, and to be freed from misperceptions and representative reflexes.

In the past, trees on private farms have been neglected because of foresters' concerns with field crops, and the absence of a profession with energy and fuel as its central concern. Temperate climate biases have also tended to blur recognition of the rapid rates of tree growth in many tropical conditions. Nor has it been widely appreciated how the value of trees to poor people has risen as a result of deforestation and increased demand for fuelwood and timber.

In practice, poor people increasingly use trees as savings and security to deal with contingencies.As in the past, tree products are used directly to meet seasonal food and cash shortages. In many countries, the sale of firewood and charcoal continues to be a means for poor people to survive during bad times. But now, in addition, trees on private land are planted and protected by poor people as investments. In western Kenya they are planted to pay for school fees and in Benin to provide support in old age. Trees are also mortgaged, and sold to redeem debts.

As savings and security, trees have advantages. They are cheap to establish, appreciate in value rapidly, are in manageable and divisible units, and often regenerate after cutting;nor are they easily begged, borrowed or stolen. In these respects they compare on balance favorably with other forms of savings such as livestock,jewellery, land and bank deposits.

Trees are also increasingly cash crops for small and poor farmers. In two districts in Kenya - Kakamega and Kisli where landholdings are very small, and where aerial surveys have shown up to 30% of the agricultural land under planted and managed tree cover, small farmers who cannot afford to plant coffee or tea, planttrees instead.Unlike most other cash crops, trees have the advantage of being convenient and harvestable for timber or firewood at any time, and so provide a 'bank balance' which can be drawn on when the need arises.

A 1987 study carried out in West Bengal showed that from trees harvested under the West Bengal Group Farm Forestry Programme, 38% of the cash was spent on buying land, 14% on housing, 22% on marriages, 4% on other contingencies, and 21% on other productive expenditure - thus confounding the poverty cynics who say that the poor will always fritter away their cash. Almost all the cash realized from the trees was used by these poor people to better their economic or social condition in some long-term manner

For poor farmers to be able to use trees in these ways, it is only common sense that they need rights to their trees, just as depositors in banks need rights to withdraw cash when required. But the normal official and professional reflex is to restrict rights to cut, transport and sell trees and tree produce from private land. This is intended to serve the environment, but is self-defeating. Restrictions reduce or remove the incentive to plant and protect trees. Farmers who are insecure in their rights tend to cut and sell them when they can.ln contrast, experience in Haiti, Kenya and elsewhere shows farmers with secure rights planting and protecting trees on a large scale, confounding those who doubt poor farmers' ability to take a long view and to save.

Policy makers and those engaged in policy dialogues have, then, to argue for and secure the removal of restrictions, and they must see that these removals are real and are widely known by the public. If they are successful, then a growing body of evidence suggests that small farmers will surprise the sceptics by the speed and scale of their tree planting and the restraint with which they harvest them.

Conditions vary, but in many rural areas the potential seems large for trees to provide farmers with savings, security and income which could help millions to struggle up out of debt and dependence, and to gain in self-respect, independence and freedom. Trees can liberate.


Cloud computing is a recent trend of technology aimed at providing on-demand Information Technology (IT) services usually priced on a pay-per-use model. One of the main services provided by a cloud computing platform consists of the data management service, or data service for short. This service accepts responsibility for the installation, configuration and maintenance of database systems, as well as for efficient access to stored data. This paper presents a framework, denoted QIDMaC, for management of cloud databases. The proposed framework aims to provide software infrastructure required for the provision of data services in cloud computing environments in an efficiently manner. In this sense, the proposed solution seeks to solve some outstanding problems in the context of cloud databases, such as: query dispatching and scheduling. The proposed approach extends previous work by adding important features such as: support for unpredictable workloads and the use of information about query interactions. Support for the seasonal workloads is related to one of the main properties of cloud computing: fast elasticity. Query interactions can provide significant impacts on database systems's performance. For this reason, QIDMaC uses information about these interactions in order to reduce the execution time of the workloads submitted to the data service and thereby increase the service provider profit. In order to demonstrate the QIDMaC efficiency an experimental evaluation using TPC-H benchmark was performed on PostgreSQL. The results show that the designed solution has the potential to increase the profit of cloud data service providers.


Sea snakes have evolved numerous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to suit their wholly aquatic lifestyle. However, although sea snakes use vision for foraging and mate selection, little is known about their visual abilities. We used microspectrophotometry, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the retinal photoreceptors of spine‐bellied (Lapemis curtus) and horned (Acalyptophis peronii) sea snakes. Both species have three types of visual pigment sensitive to short (SWS; wavelength of maximum absorbance, λmax 428–430 nm), medium (MWS; λmax 496 nm), and long wavelengths of light (LWS; λmax 555–559 nm) in each of three different subtypes of cone‐like single photoreceptor. They also possess a cone‐like double photoreceptor subtype, both the principal and accessory member of which contain the LWS visual pigment. Conventional rods were not observed, although the MWS photoreceptor may be a "transmuted" rod. We also used stereology to measure the total number and topographic distribution of neurons in the ganglion cell layer of L. curtus, the olive sea snake (Aipysurus laevis), and the olive‐headed sea snake (Disteira major). All species have a horizontal visual streak with specialized areas in the nasal and temporal retina. Both L. curtus and D. major also have a specialized area in the ventral retina, which may reflect differences in habitat usage and/or foraging behavior compared to A. laevis. Maximal spatial resolution was estimated at 1.1, 1.6, and 2.3 cycles deg−1 in D. major, L. curtus, and A. laevis, respectively; the superior value for A. laevis may reflect its specialized crevice‐foraging hunting technique. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1246–1261, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In the days before and after the passage of California's ―Proposition 8,‖ a ballot initiative barring legal recognition of same-sex marriages in the state, it was widely reported that the LDS Church, together with other religious organizations, played a significant role in supporting the initiative. National attention peaked with a New York Times report detailing some of the church's efforts, which included e-mails to members imploring them to donate money to ―Yes on 8‖ organizations as well as other logistical support for proponents of the measure. Gay rights advocates and others have now called for an investigation of the Church's activities, arguing that they violate federal restrictions on political activities by tax-exempt charities. This Essay considers the merits of the argument that the Mormon Church's support for Proposition 8 violated federal tax law. I take as given the facts reported by the New York Times and other major news outlets. Although the facts are not really in dispute, much of the underlying law is. There are few clear guidelines governing lobbying by charities. In the end it is impossible to say whether the Church's conduct will have any tax-law repercussions. My conclusion that there is uncertainty, though, stands in contrast with existing claims that the expenditures of the LDS Church and others are clearly unproblematic. My discussion here is also aimed at revealing some of the weaknesses of the law of charities. In particular, the Proposition 8 episode exposes a serious hole in the fabric of the federal law: the possibility that massive, multi-million dollar lobbying expenditures, large enough to swamp any opposition, may be perfectly legitimate, so long as they are undertaken by a sufficiently gigantic organization. It is hard to see a good justification for a rule that would, in effect, grant political influence only to the largest charities, but that seems to be one plausible interpretation of current law (albeit


This study aims to explore the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of a medial tarsal free venous flap. We identified communicating venous systems in deep and superficial layers of anatomical specimens and tissue sections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the medial tarsal region. Based on this anatomical feature, we designed and cut free venous flaps in the medial tarsal region, suturing a vein in the deep layer of the flap to an artery of the hand, and suturing the shallow layer of the flap to a dorsal vein or palmar superficial vein of the finger, to repair soft tissue defects of the palmar fingers. We performed this procedure in 63 cases, and all flaps survived. There was no postoperative congestion or necrosis, as commonly seen in "non-physiological flaps." These cases were followed up for 3 months to 2 years, with good color, elasticity, and appearance of the flaps, and no significant effect on the donor feet. The venous structure of the deep and shallow layers of a medial tarsal free flap and the communicating veins between the 2 layers are very important anatomical features, enabling better effective blood perfusion within the flap, as compared to a traditional venous flap. The application of this "similar physiological flap" enabled a satisfactory outcome.


Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate race-specific FITNESSGRAM® body mass index (BMI) standards in comparison to the recommended standards, i.e., percent fat (%BF) ≥25 in boys and %BF ≥32 in girls. Methods: BMI and %BF were estimated in 1,968 Black and White children ages 6-14 years, using methods similar to those used to develop the current FITNESSGRAM standards. Multiple regression was employed to develop age-, sex-, and race-specific BMI standards. Percent agreement and modified kappa (κq) were used to evaluate agreement with the %BF standards, and sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate classification accuracy. Results: Race significantly (p < .05) and meaningfully (β = 2.3% fat) added to the relationship between BMI and %BF. Agreement of the race-specific BMI standards with %BF standards was moderate to high (κq = .73–.88), and classification accuracy improved on the current FITNESSGRAM BMI standards. Conclusions: Race-specific BMI standards appear to be a more accurate repr...


Trends in HIV virulence have been monitored since the start of the AIDS pandemic, as studying HIV virulence informs our understanding of HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis. Here, we model changes in HIV virulence as a strictly evolutionary process, using set point viral load (SPVL) as a proxy, to make inferences about empirical SPVL trends from longitudinal HIV cohorts. We develop an agent-based epidemic model based on HIV viral load dynamics. The model contains functions for viral load and transmission, SPVL and disease progression, viral load trajectories in multiple stages of infection, and the heritability of SPVL across transmissions. We find that HIV virulence evolves to an intermediate level that balances infectiousness with longer infected lifespans, resulting in an optimal SPVL∼4.75 log10 viral RNA copies/mL. Adaptive viral evolution may explain observed HIV virulence trends: our model produces SPVL trends with magnitudes that are broadly similar to empirical trends. With regard to variation among studies in empirical SPVL trends, results from our model suggest that variation may be explained by the specific epidemic context, e.g. the mean SPVL of the founding lineage or the age of the epidemic; or improvements in HIV screening and diagnosis that results in sampling biases. We also use our model to examine trends in community viral load, a population-level measure of HIV viral load that is thought to reflect a population's overall transmission potential. We find that community viral load evolves in association with SPVL, in the absence of prevention programs such as antiretroviral therapy, and that the mean community viral load is not necessarily a strong predictor of HIV incidence.


The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of oestrus induction protocols on Kilis dairy goats kept on a goat farm situated close to Kilis, Turkey. Eighty goats were assigned randomly into four groups of 20 animals each in a factorial arrangement: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) melatonin implant (MEL), (iii) CIDR-G (CIDR) and (iv) melatonin implant plus CIDR-G (MC). Experiments were performed in mid-anoestrus season under natural photoperiod environment. The differences among treatment groups in oestrus response were significant. Oestrus response was higher in the MC group than in other groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the time interval from cessation of treatment to the onset of oestrus among treatments. The CIDR-G treatment reduced intervals from buck introduction to oestrus. The time to onset of oestrus in both the MC and CIDR groups was significantly shorter, compared with the MEL and CON groups (p < 0.05). The number of does kidding and fertility were not different among treatment groups (p > 0.05). Fecundity was similar among goats in all groups. Prolificacy and twining rates showed similar trends as fecundity rates, with no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. The results of this study showed that oestrus in Kilis does can be effectively induced by using melatonin and CIDR combined treatment, and fertility will not be adversely affected. However, this treatment did not improve fecundity, prolificacy and twining rates.


This paper presents a time-varying harmonic analyzer based on the Sliding Window DFT implemented on a DSP platform. The harmonic decomposition is carried out using the TMS320F28027 digital signal processor, and the samples of the decomposed signal are sent to a PC based computer using serial interface. Several real cases are analyzed, revealing the time-varying behavior of the harmonic component. Different from commercial harmonic analyzer, the prototype presented in this paper uses a different way to visualize the harmonic components, based on time decomposition approach. This new visualization of time-varying harmonics might help engineers and researchers to develop new insights in the transient mechanisms of waveform distortions and possible new applications for power quality monitoring, control and protection.


This paper defends a version of J. H. Randall's thesis that modern empiricism is rooted in the Scholastic regressus method epitomized by Jacopo Zabarella in De Regressu (1578). Randall's critics note that the empirical practice of Galileo and his contemporaries does not follow Zabarella. However, Zabarella's account of the regressus is imprecise, which permitted an interpretation introducing empirical hypothesis testing into the framework. The discourse surrounding Galileo's lunar observations in Sidereus Nuncius (1610) suggests that both Galileo and his interlocutors amended the regressus method in this way, such that a developmental narrative links Scholastic logic to Galilean science.


This article examines the idea that community is best understood through the concept of micro-sociality, as a verb, as ongoing social relations in action, rather than a thing to be possessed, lacked or lost. Such an emphasis on already-existing relations has consequences for the conduct of publicly-funded interventions including socially engaged research projects. This article tells a part of the story of one such project in Peterborough, England in the 2010s. If the project was counter-cultural in working with what was already happening in the city, rather than seeking to proselytize a culturally specific view of citizenship and the arts, it also faced its own political choices regarding whose work to accompany and how. Initiated by a group of outsider academics and artists, it involved transformations at varying scales, both fleeting and longer-lasting, often unplanned. The article takes a look at the project's own microsociality in the choices city residents made to accompany its intentions and practices. Like other people, university researchers and artists are seen to depend on social relations, including the commitment and care of people they work with.


In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Lenny Bruce was the spirit of hipness and rebellion. His underdog, idealistic humor took on every American sacred cow, from capitalism to organized religion to sexual mores. Fans were attracted to Bruce's dark sexiness and brutal honesty. Kenneth Tyson described Bruce as fully, quiveringly conscious. Bruce's rise to the status of cultural icon began in the mid-1950s in the strip clubs of southern California where Bruce began to develop the iconoclastic edginess that would be his trademark. In his autobiography, "How to Talk Dirty and Influence People", Bruce described the importance of the freedom that came from the burlesque circuit: Four years working in clubs - that's what really made it for me - every night: doing it, doing it, doing it, getting bored and doing different ways, no pressure on you, and all the other comedians are drunken bums who don't show up, so I could try anything. On April 9, 1959, Bruce appeared on the nationally-televised Steve Allen Show. Allen introduced Bruce as the most shocking comedian of our time, a young man who is skyrocketing to fame - Lenny Bruce! Two years later, performing before a packed house at Carnegie Hall, Bruce delivered what biographer Albert Goldman called the greatest performance of his career. In the fall of 1961, however, Bruce's career would begin its downward spiral. Just a week after being arrested in Philadelphia on a narcotics charge, Bruce was charged in San Francisco with violating California obscenity law after a late night performance at the Jazz Workshop. Police found most troubling Bruce's use of the word cocksucker, although his use of the phrase to come (in a sexual sense) also became a major focus of his Jazz Workshop trial. First Amendment lawyer Albert Bendich represented Bruce alone, after the co-counsel he hoped would help turned him down flat saying, You can't win a case based on 'cocksucker.' Win Bendich did, however. In his opening statement Bendich told the jury that Bruce's humor was in the great tradition of social satire, related intimately to the kind of social satire found in the works of such great authors as Aristophanes and Jonathan Swift. Experts from jazz critics to literature professors were called to the stand to offer their opinions on the social importance of Bruce's iconoclastic humor. The jury heard both a tape of Bruce's full performance and Bruce's own testimony on his choice of words before voting to acquit. Despite the acquittal in San Francisco, the arrests kept coming. In 1962, Bruce was charged again with violating California's obscenity law at a performance at the Troubadour in West Hollywood. Less than two weeks later he faced charges in Chicago following a show at the Gate of Horn. Then he was arrested in Los Angeles for a performance at the Unicorn. While the Troubadour and Unicorn trial ended in a deadlocked jury, Bruce was not so lucky in Illinois, where he was convicted and sentenced to a year in jail. By the summer of 1963, Bruce's troubles were mounting. While free on bond pending appeal of his Chicago conviction, Bruce attempted to do a show in in London, only to be taken to the airport and deported. In June, a California court ordered Bruce confined at the State Rehabilitation Center in Chico for treatment of his drug addiction. By March 1964, following yet another obscenity arrest in southern California, Bruce concluded the last refuge for his controversial brand of humor was New York City.


Author(s): Clemens, Zsofia, Dr. | Abstract: Introduction Magnesium plays an essential role in several enzymatic reactions. Its deficiency is known to be widespread and has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and/or oxidative stress. The connection between the metabolism of glucose and magnesium at the cell level is well-established. We hypothesize that magnesium deficiency in chronic conditions is primarily due to Western type carbohydrate based metabolism. In previous case studies we have shown that magnesium levels are normal on the paleolithic ketogenic diet. Here we assessed magnesium levels in a larger sample (n=50) to address whether the paleolithic ketogenic diet is able to ensure normal blood magnesium levels. Materials and Methods To assess magnesium levels in patients and healthy controls on the paleolithic ketogenic diet in a larger sample, we retrospectively analysed laboratory data obtained from 50 patients/subjects who were following the diet and were also not taking magnesium or other supplements. Correlation calculation was performed between magnesium and glucose levels. Results We found magnesium levels to be in the normal range in all but one patient/subject. There was a significant inverse correlation between glucose and magnesium levels. Discussion Our results indicate that the paleolithic ketogenic diet ensures normal magnesium levels in various pathological conditions as well as in healthy subjects. We believe that the high prevelance of magnesium deficiency reported earlier for a variety of chronic conditions is correlated with carbohydrate-based Western type nutrition rather than that of the chronic condition itself. We discuss underlying mechanisms.


The attitude analysis of specific inferior and superior role portrayals is a direct result of the article published In Communicare (1988: 49-54) on general role portrayals. The respondents analysed role portrayals of models in 12 different multi-racial television advertisements. The results indicate important differences in the perception of these roles. Finally an original model of role perception is put forward. Van der Waldt (1988:49) stated that the diversity of approaches to the analysis of advertising has led to the discussion and application of Festinger's (1954) theory of social comparison, Grubb & Grathwohl's (1967) theory of self-concept related to product consumption, Sarbin & Allen's (1968) role theory and lastly Bandura's (1977) theory of social learning. Results indicated (Van der Waldt, 1988:53) that these theories clustered together separately under four different factors. All except Bandura's social learning theory clustered under a particular factor. It seems therefore important to pay more attention to this theory.


Mobile devices are today widely accepted and their capability to provide access to services independent of user time and location make them well suited for provision of healthcare services to both patients and healthcare personnel. However, mobile services are still not generally allowed to operate with highly sensitive and personal data, mainly due to the lack of a defined security standard, low protection of data transferred through the mobile and wireless network and no standard and widely accepted user authentication method that ensure confidentiality. In this paper we propose a secure solution for mobile access to Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. The proposed solution enables secure authentication and communication between a mobile device and a healthcare service provider through usage of a two-factor authentication method on a mobile phone and encryption. The proposed solution is independent of mobile network provider and type of the mobile device the application is running on, and provides multifactor authentication without the traditional requirement that the user has an additional authentication token. This simplifies use without compromising security. In the paper we present the usage scenarios, discuss the feasibility of the proposed solution together with its limitations, and present results from a prototype test bed.


- The evaluation of how Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package may be incorporated into a conceptual design method is performed. The repeatability of the CFD solution as well as the accuracy of the calculated aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions was also evaluated on two different wing-body models. The overall run times of three different mesh densities was also evaluated to investigate if the mesh density could be reduced enough so that the computational stage of the CFD cycle may become affordable to use in the conceptual design stage. A farfield method was derived and used in this analysis to calculate the lift and drag coefficients. The CFD solutions were also compared with two methods currently used in conceptual design - the vortex lattice based program Vorview and ACSYNT. The unstructured Euler based CFD package FELISA was used in this study.


The article reviewes changes in the Russian higher education in the last decades. Among innovations with impact on functioning of higher educational the transition to a twolevel system of education, creation of federal and national research universities, changes in payment of teachers etc. are noted. Severe social and economic conditions are have increased the role and complicated the work the heads of University departments setting new priorities to their activities and professional competence. The article presents results of the monitoring of changes in the staff and the content of the activity to the Department heads. At the beginning of the 2012/2013 academic year the average age of the heads of departments exceeded 54 years, – considerably higher than in 2002. To improve the professionalism of the heads of higher educational institutions (rectors, deans of faculties, heads of departments) a set of studies was conducted – "Management in education", "Management of department", "Management of faculty", "Management of the higher educational institution" and others. In the conclusion of the article, the authors justify the need for new monitoring of activities of the heads of Russian universities departments, which will allow to identify new reserves for improving their activity, to identify key areas that should be given special attention to in the educational process, scientific research and educational work.


This thesis examines the agency and experience of children, young people, and their parents, participating in multi-agency assessment in a children's services early intervention process. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) was introduced as a national pilot and widely adopted in England in the past decade. Research has examined the professional practice and systemic factors around the implementation of the CAF, but there is very little investigation of service users' experiences that considers the agency and perspectives of service users as partners in the process of early help. This qualitative study was accomplished in one local authority site in the midlands of England, where 12 families, including 7 young people and 16 carers, were interviewed. To explore service users' experiences of multi-agency working, semi-structured interview schedules and free drawn charts and graphs of CAF activity were employed. In order to make sense of service users' agency and participation in this setting, a methodological approach informed by actor-network theory and Foucauldian governmentality, was adopted. The empirical findings of the research demonstrated the relative exclusion of children and young people from the main elements of the CAF process. This lack of active participation is analysed as a response to the prevailing model of childhood as an incompetent and vulnerable stage of 'becoming adult'. The participation of adults in the CAF was found to engage a more active human agency, although a diverse range of experiences was found. Parents, who responded to a perceived 'bad parent' critique from practitioners, assembled a heterogeneous set of actors, including discourse, knowledge from service user sources, and personal skills in working with different organisations, in order to construct an active service users' identity. The thesis concludes with reflection on service users' agency and participation and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions for further research.


Objective : The aim of the present study was to evaluate wear resistance of two composites resins against alternative alloys. Material and Methods : Fifteen stylus tips samples of composite resin were obtained for each resin Z250 and charisma (CHA). Samples were divided into three groups according to the disk of alloy to be used as antagonist: Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr), Cobalt- Chromium (Co-Cr) and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti). Wear tests were performed at a speed of 265 cycles/min and distance of 10mm, in a total of 40,000 cycles. Before and after wear tests, samples were weighed and had their profile designed in an optical comparator to evaluate weight and height loss, respectively. Results : For weight and height loss, wear of Z250 was lower than CHA for Co-Cr antagonist, but greater for cp Ti. CHA presents a more regular surface without cracks and similar aspect for all antagonists. Z250 showed some cracks, mainly against cp Ti and Ni-Cr. Conclusion : Within the results of the present study, it was concluded that CHA is suitable against cp Ti, and Z250 for association with Co-Cr alloy while any composite resin can be used against Ni-Cr. Keywords Composite resins; Dental alloys; Dental restoration wear.


Action learning techniques are well suited to the teaching of organisation behaviour students because of their flexibility, inclusiveness, openness, and respect for individuals. They are no less useful as a tool for change for vocational teachers, learning, of necessity, to become researchers. Whereas traditional universities have always had a research culture, new Australian universities, such as the one under study here, have, until recently, concentrated on consulting to industry, and teaching. Faced with strong competition for government research funds to enable its survival and growth, Swinburne University set in place a number of strategies aimed at changing the old consulting culture into a thriving research culture. One such strategy was to hold a colloquium to promote and support teachers' research efforts. A number of iterations of an action learning process took place over a period of time, with each iteration addressing a different research question. The result of academics' engagement with the process of feedback and reflection has been instructive. Unquestionably, the majority of the academics who initially engaged in the 'learning by doing' process were encouraged to actively address the problems that beset them, resulting in significant changes in behaviour and a dramatic increase in research output. However, without a commitment to the process that is ongoing, and critical, further interest in research and development as researchers may come to a standstill, predetermining a level of research output that may yet see the School succumb to the internal and external pressures to which it is subject.


English as an Additional Language (EAL) students are increasingly taught by non-specialist, mainstream teachers. This trend calls for a reconceptualization of teacher education to explicitly and purposefully include linguistically and culturally responsive pedagogy in their curriculum. In the United States, several frameworks have been proposed to address this need, although much still needs to be learned about actual practice in preservice teacher preparation programs. In this article, I caution against the monolingual bias in preservice teacher preparation and argue for the mandate for developing a multilingual stance for all teachers of EAL students.


This essay revisits Edmond Halley's schema of a multi-sphered, hollow earth, presented to the Royal Society in 1691 as a hypothetical resolution to the problem of magnetic variation. I open my investigation with a reading of Michael Dahl's final portrait of the great astronomer (1736), which enigmatically reproduced a diagram of the hollow earth that Halley had appended to his original "Account […] of the Internal Parts of the Earth" in the Philosophical Transactions. My essay has the goal of enhancing our appreciation not only of Halley's aptitudes as a theorist of the earth sciences, but as the dexterous practitioner of a language felicitously attuned to the early development of that field. I provide a comprehensive exposition of Halley's self-styled "Extravagant" hypothesis and argue that his attachment to it was sustained by his adherence to the tenet of a divinely ordained, natural economy. I also position Halley's "Account" as the originary moment of a literary sub-genre—the hollow earth fantasy or romance—that flourished in England and America in his wake. Today, Dahl's painting gestures simultaneously to Halley's conception of a habitable inner earth and to a literary tradition that embraced that idea as its central imaginary novelty.


Short-acting hypnotics such as zolpidem (Ambien) or zaleplon (Sonata) are the preferred hypnotics in the elderly because of an improved side-effect profile compared with traditional hypnotics such as benzodiazepines (strength of recommendation: B, based on extrapolations of randomized controlled trials). Zolpidem and zaleplon have a quick onset and short duration of action, making them less likely to cause residual sedation, cognitive changes, and falls than benzodiazepines. More comparative clinical trials in the elderly are needed to determine if zolpidem and zaleplon are truly safer than benzodiazepines in this population. Hypnotics should be prescribed on a short-term, intermittent basis as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses any underlying causes of poor sleep.


The writing of Leonidas Lamborghini is characterized by a critical reading of the Occidental literary tradition. Unlike other forms of more orthodox intertextual relations, the entailments tried by the author transgress the conventions and carry far the intertextual strategies composing complicated mosaics, plagued of references to previous texts. This article analyze one of its last books, Trento (2003), where is deconstructed the council of Trento, during which the body of the church would decide the dogmatic aspects more substitutes of the Catholicism. Especially, it interests to us to analyze the form in that the text subverts values, judges postulates, deceives of the fanaticisms, it enthrones the sexuality and, really, reveals the contradictions of the institution Church, from a carnival perspective that parody facilitates. It is that opposition, which the laughter and the "moral of buffoon" prop up, the one that prints in the volume his more evident condition of revolutionary and satirical re-writing of History. Keywords: Argentine Poetry; Leonidas Lamborghini; Intertextuality; Parody


Kabupaten Bogor is a city which potentialy produce footwear. Data from Bogor Regency Department of Industry and Trade of year 2011 shows that there are 4.178 enterprises units which accommodate 15.295 labors and it has currency gyrations Rp5 billion per day. Ciomas District is one of footwear Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs atau UKM) centers located at Bogor Regency.The purposes of this study are: (1) Identify the footwear SMEs characteristics at Ciomas Bogor Regency; (2) Analyze the internal and external environment of the UKM at Ciomas Bogor Regency; (3) Arrange the UKM development strategy at Ciomas Bogor Regency.Purposive sampling is used for the determination of respondents. Data processing and analysis in this study conducted by descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative. Matrix Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), position strategy, Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT), and Analitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are used to analyze the quantitative data. IFE matrix score -0,30 and EFE matrix score 0,33. It means that strategic position of footwear SMEsCiomas at Kuadran III which we can say that footwear SMEs has big and vast opportunities but also it has weakness. The priorityalternative strategy for footwear SMEs development are: production increase, expand market shareand adopt advanced technology.


Algorithms for computing images result in an estimate of an image. The image may result from deblurring a measured image, from deconvolving a set of measurements, or from computing an image by modeling physical processes such as the weather. These computations provide an estimated value for each pixel in the image. What is lacking, however, is an estimate of the statistical conndence that we can have in those pixel values or in the features they form. In this work we discuss novel ways to display conndence information, using an algorithm called Twinkle, in order to give the viewer valuable visual insight into uncertainties. The technique is useful whether the conndence information is in the form of a conndence interval or a distribution of possible values. We demonstrate how to display conndence information in a variety of applications: weather forecasts, intensity of a star, and rating a potential tumor in a diagnostic image.


This critique of Karson K. Thompson's note, "Not Like an Egyptian: Cybersecurity and the Internet Kill Switch Debate," argues that the U.S. lacks a framework of laws and regulations, "smart" or otherwise, that adequately incentivizes the parties with the greatest capacity to improve our cyber security to do so. It attributes the poor state of U.S. cyber policy to the "bewildering array of overlapping responsibilities" scattered among government offices and departments; the difficult imperative of sharing responsibility among military and civilian authorities; the fact that most of the networks (and the dependent critical infrastructures) that need protecting are in private hands; and the lack of public understanding of the kinds of regulation that are necessary or appropriate. The essay argues that meaningful progress towards an adequate legal framework depends on a broad national debate aimed at defining the public good with regard to cyber-security, and the inevitable trade-offs among security, privacy, productivity, economic growth, organizational flexibility, military effectiveness, government transparency, and accountability that must be confronted in making sensible cyber-security policy.


Grid computing is highly dynamic in nature where resources are subject to change due to performance degradation and node failure. The resources include processing elements, storage, network, and so on; they come from the interconnection of parallel machines, clusters, or any workstation. One of the main properties of these resources is to have changing characteristics even during the execution of an application. Thus, resource usage by applications cannot be static during run-time; neither can change in resources be considered as faults. Therefore, Grrid application designers must keep in mind that resources and resource management are highly dynamic within Grid architectures.

Grdi resource brokering is introduced to simplify resource discovery, selection, and job submission for Grid application. However, it is the responsibility of a Grid resource broker to distribute jobs among heterogeneous resources and optimise the resource usage. As a result, a Grid resource broker should have the capablility to adapt to these changes and take appropriate actions to improve performance of various computing applications. To adapt to the Grid resource changes, an adaptive service is introduced in this research. The adaptive service consists of a monitoring tool, decision manager, and migration engine to ensure the job finishes at the time specified. The adaptive service supports job migration during run-time to ensure timely job completion.

Our work in this research shows a Grid test-bed and White Rose Grid implementation of an adaptive service that supports job migration during run-time to ensure timely job completion. Performance prediction is used to estimate expected job completion time and determine whether any onserved performance degradation is likely to result in failure to meet a user specified deadline. A key feature of our approach is that the user is not required to install additional software or make complex alterations to their code requiring specialist Grid computing knowledge. This is achieved using a reflective technique to bind the adaptive service components to the user's code. Also, this research proves the adaptive service overhead is very minimal. The adaptive service is a viable contender for future Grid resource brokering implementation.


Extract and analyze data from complex images with ImageJ, the world's leading image processing tool About This Book * Design automated image-processing solutions and speed up image-processing tasks with ImageJ * Create quality and intuitive interfaces for image processing by developing a basic framework for ImageJ plugins. * Tackle even the most sophisticated datasets and complex images Who This Book Is For The book has been created for engineers, scientists, and developers eager to tackle image processing with one of the leading tools available. No prior knowledge of ImageJ is needed. Familiarity with Java programming will be required for readers to code their own routines using ImageJ. What You Will Learn * Install and set up ImageJ for image processing. * Process images using ImageJ's built-in tools * Create macros to perform repetitive processing tasks * Set up and use an integrated development environment for ImageJ plugins * Create plugins with a user-friendly interface for processing * Use established ImageJ plugins for processing and quantification * Generate a simple interface based on a real world example and create other interfaces for other projects * Speed up interface development by setting multiple parameters interactively In Detail Advances in image processing have been vital for the scientific and technological communities, making it possible to analyze images in greater detail than ever before. But as images become larger and more complex, advanced processing techniques are required. ImageJ is built for the modern challenges of image processing - it's one of the key tools in its development, letting you automate basic tasks so you can focus on sophisticated, in depth analysis. This book demonstrates how to put ImageJ into practice. It outlines its key features and demonstrates how to create your own image processing applications using macros and ImageJ plugins. Once you've got to grips with the basics of ImageJ, you'll then discover how to build a number of different image processing solutions. From simple tasks to advanced and automated image processing, you'll gain confidence with this innovative and powerful tool - however and whatever you are using it for. Style and approach A step-by-step guide to image processing and developing macros and plugins in ImageJ. The book will progress from using the built-in tools to macros and finally plugins for image processing.


Patient: Male, 76 Final Diagnosis: Undifferentiated sarcoma in the great veins Symptoms: Superior vena cava syndrome Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology Objective: Rare disease Background: Intimal sarcoma (IS) is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with predominantly intraluminal growth in large vessels and the heart. Due to the rarity of cases it often poses diagnostic problems in clinical and pathological settings. Although the classification of IS is still controversial, undifferentiated type of IS has recently been found to show immunohistochemical positivity with MDM2, CDK4, or PDGFRA and amplification of MDM2/CDK4 and PDGFRA. Case Report: The patient was a 76 years-old Japanese man who presented with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. CT identified a tumor or thrombi in the SVC, bilateral brachiocephalic, and jugular veins. The histology of the biopsy specimen revealed an undifferentiated tumor without immunohistochemical positivity for all antibodies available except vimentin and smooth muscle actin. He was treated conservatively and died of respiratory failure 2 months after presentation. At autopsy, the large veins were filled by a sausage-like tumor and the cut sections revealed hemorrhagic and necrotic tumor. The tumor cells were negative with MDM2, CDK4, and PDGFRA by immunohistochemistry. Amplification of MDM2 and PDGFRA was not identified by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Conclusions: We concluded that the case was an undifferentiated sarcoma (IS without any specific phenotype) arising in the SVC, bilateral brachiocephalic, and jugular veins. We propose a way of subtyping sarcomas with predominantly intraluminal growth in large vessels and the heart based on immunohistochemistry and amplification of MDM2 and PDGFRA. However, proper subtyping of these sarcomas requires further study.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to describe the relatives' experience concerning older family members living in special housing facilities.

BACKGROUND
During the 21st century, the relatives of older people and their efforts related to the care and nursing of older people have been observed. The interest in these relatives is because of factors such as demographic changes, where the number of older people has increased and the increasing gap between the resources that are available for geriatric care and the care needed for older people.

DESIGN
The present study has a descriptive design and is part of a project including 24 specific residences, called special housing facilities.

METHOD
The study focused on the narratives supplied by the relatives that were analysed using qualitative latent content analysis, an interpretative process where the researcher considers the content of the text.

RESULTS
The relatives' experience of having an older person in a special housing facility that emerged from the study, was expressed in one main theme: The relatives' struggle for an improved and just care for older people and four sub-themes: (i)'To trust in caregivers'; (ii) 'To be confirmed'; (iii) 'To trust in care'; (iv) 'To receive the kind of care that one considers one has the right to receive'.

CONCLUSIONS
The study shows that the relatives need more support and more opportunities, so that they can participate in the care. The study shows the relatives engagement in working for a just society's obligation towards the protection of older peoples rights and the staff's working conditions.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
It is important that caregivers and management working with older people realize that they, together with them and their relatives, are a part of society and that all individuals are influenced by the discourse of that society.


In this study the syntactic properties of empty categories and dummy pronouns are investigated within the framework of Government-Binding theory. The assumption that clauses must have a subject is present in most, if not all, linguistic theories. In GB theory the requirement that clauses have a subject is stipulated as a consequence of the base rules or the Extended Projection Principle. In this book it is claimed that no such stipulation is necessary. The presence of a subject is exclusively determined by the theories of thematic roles and Case. This view is supported by the fact that the alleged dummy subjects Dutch, i.e. er and het, show a variety of properties, which can only be explained if they are not analyzed as dummy subjects. Further confirmation is derived from the fact that Dutch, subjectless sentences are found in precisely those circumstances in which neither -theory nor Case theory requires a subject to be present. Chapter 1 presents a theory of empty categories. This theory enables us to explain the distribution of gaps, and makes precise and correct predictions with respect to the occurrence of parasitic gaps. The non-dummy status of het, discussed in chapter 2, is supported by the fact that it can be the antecedent of PRO, reflexives, and parasitic gaps, and by an asymmetry in wh-movement from sentential complements. The analysis of het leads to a discussion of a variety of constructions, including constructions with raising, ergative, and psychological verbs. The adverbial pronoun er displays several distinct syntactic functions. In chapter 3 it is argued that none of these different functions justifies an analysis of er as a dummy subject. In chapter 4 some of the consequences of the theory introduced in the preceding chapters are investigated. These include a discussion of the status of the subject position in languages such as English, Italian, French, and Spanish, the structure of Old English, and the status of dummy pronouns in German and English.


Miners, like many skilled blue-collar workers, are not traditional learners. They have not always been successful in classroom-type settings, preferring to learn on the job in a hands-on environment. U.S. law requires that miners have a minimum of 8 hours of safety training annually, plus 40 hours for underground miners and 24 hours for surface miners when they enter the industry. However, miners rarely view this training time positively. In fact, it has been called "safety jail" by many, who regard it as a time to get a little extra sleep. While mining has become far safer in the past 100 years, it is still a dangerous occupation. The Office for Mine Safety and Health Research, a part of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), has funded a project for the past 4 years to address this challenge. The purpose of the research was to find a way to develop effective safety training for these people. Miners are born story tellers. They share "near miss" stories, stories about master miners they have known, and stories about how things used to be. These stories not only pass along information about what will happen if a miner fails to respect the mining environment, they also instruct listeners in the culture of mining and the values that it embraces. Stories, it seems, are a way to get safety messages across to miners, especially inexperienced ones, and using older, wiser miners in these stories is an obvious choice. This paper will discuss how a series of training videos was developed, how "master miners" and story lines were chosen, and how the resulting videos have been received in the mining industry.


It has become conventional wisdom that providing patients information about prices of services will allow health care markets to work more effectively by enabling patients as consumers to weigh the price of health services in deciding what services to choose. As a reflection of this belief, more than half of US states have passed legislation mandating health plans, hospitals, or physicians to provide some form of price transparency. In one study, use of an employer-sponsored private price transparency platform was associated with lower claims payments for common medical services, with 13% to 14% reductions observed for advanced imaging and common laboratory tests and a 1% reduction noted for routine office visits.


Melville, J., Ritchie, E.G., Chapple, S.N.J., Glor, R.E.and Schulte II, J.A. 2018. Diversity in Australia's tropical savannas: An integrative taxonomic revision of agamid lizards from the genera Amphibolurus and Lophognathus (Lacertilia: Agamidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 77: 41–61. The taxonomy of many of Australia's agamid lizard genera remains unresolved because morphological characters have proved to be unreliable across numerous lineages. We undertook a morphological study and integrated this with a recent genetic study to resolve long-standing taxonomic problems in three genera of large-bodied Australian agamid lizards: Amphibolurus, Gowidon and Lophognathus. We had broad geographic sampling across genera, including all currently recognised species and subspecies. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, incorporating mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (RAG1) genetic data, and our morphological review, we found that both generic and species-level taxonomic revisions were required. We revise generic designations, creating one new genus (Tropicagama gen. nov.) and confirming the validity of Gowidon, giving a total of four genera. In addition, we describe a new species (Lophognathus horneri sp. nov.) and reclassify two other species. Our results provide a significant step forward in the taxonomy of some of Australia's most iconic and well-known lizards and provide a clearer understanding of biogeographic patterns across Australia's monsoonal and arid landscapes.


This is the enthralling story of the last hundred years in the life of the United States, and the story of the twentieth century. In this century America did not simply become the largest economic and military power, send man to the moon or jeans to Red Square, but sustained Western civilization by acts of courage, generosity and vision unparalled in the history of man. The twentieth century is the American century by the power of an idea - the idea of freedom. The award-winning editor and journalist Harold Evans documents and celebrates these epic years in a manner brilliantly suited to the richness of the age. It is a newsreel of our times, vivid in its images, swift and compelling in its language, immensely stimulating in its commentaries. More than 900 original photographs, cartoons and illustrations, illuminate and illustrate the central politically personalities and dramas, the triumph and the scandals. Here are the President, nineteen of them from a Civil War general to a movie star: muscle-flexing, idealistic, devious, smug, magnetic, saintly, brave and brilliant. Here are Al Capone and J. Edgar Hoover, Martin Luther King and the Ku Klux Klan. Here is America at peace in the twenties and at war with itself in the sixties.


In the Bloemendalerpolder two test embankments were constructed in 2010 to study the long term behaviour of embankments on very soft soils with respect to settlement and lateral pile loading resulting from horizontal soil deformations. A detailed description of the test embankments, performed soil investigation, laboratory tests and instrumentation is given in an accompanying paper. This paper provides a brief description of both test embankments consisting of sandfill with a height of 3.0 m and a ground area 26 × 36 m2 with slopes 1:2. At one embankment – overlying 5.7 m of peat/clay – wick drains are installed at a triangular spacing of 1.0 m. The second embankment – overlying 4.0 m of peat/clay – is not provided with any additional drainage accelerating measures. In each embankment two steel H-beam piles have been installed, one located at the crest of the slope and one 4 m from the crest. Both piles have been installed 3 weeks after completion of the final fill increment. The pile bending stiffness represents a prefabricated concrete pile square 0.26 m. The piles were equipped with a steel square guiding tube to perform inclinometer measurements. Inclinometer readings were performed at regular time intervals, each reading at depth intervals of 0.1 m. The small interval was selected to improve interpretation with respect to pile curvature and therefore the derivation of pile bending moments. Although horizontal soil deformations after pile installation are significant the resulting bending moments remain limited.


The task of object segmentation in videos is usually accomplished by processing appearance and motion information separately using standard 2D convolutional networks, followed by a learned fusion of the two sources of information. On the other hand, 3D convolutional networks have been successfully applied for video classification tasks, but have not been leveraged as effectively to problems involving dense per-pixel interpretation of videos compared to their 2D convolutional counterparts and lag behind the aforementioned networks in terms of performance. In this work, we show that 3D CNNs can be effectively applied to dense video prediction tasks such as salient object segmentation. We propose a simple yet effective encoder-decoder network architecture consisting entirely of 3D convolutions that can be trained end-to-end using a standard cross-entropy loss. To this end, we leverage an efficient 3D encoder, and propose a 3D decoder architecture, that comprises novel 3D Global Convolution layers and 3D Refinement modules. Our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-arts by a large margin on the DAVIS'16 Unsupervised, FBMS and ViSal dataset benchmarks in addition to being faster, thus showing that our architecture can efficiently learn expressive spatio-temporal features and produce high quality video segmentation masks. Our code and models will be made publicly available.


Throughout the 20th century, international communication has shifted from a plural use of several languages to a clear pre-eminence of English, especially in the field of science. This paper focuses on international periodical publications where more than 75 percent of the articles in the social sciences and humanities and well over 90 percent in the natural sciences are written in English. The shift towards English implies that an increasing number of scientists whose mother tongue is not English have already moved to English for publication. Consequently, other international languages, namely French, German, Russian, Spanish and Japanese lose their attraction as languages of science. Many observers conclude that it has become inevitable to publish in English, even in English only. The central question is whether the actual hegemony of English will create a total monopoly, at least at an international level, or if changing global conditions and language policies may allow alternative solutions. The paper analyses how the conclusions of an inevitable monopoly of English are constructed, and what possible disadvantages such a process might entail. Finally, some perspectives of a new plurilingual approach in scientific production and communication are sketched.


This essay has examined the role of science in the three classic horror stories Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, and Dracula. The argument stated that the role of science in these works is changeable and constitutes both a friend and an enemy, depending on the protagonists' motives. Viktor Frankenstein and Dr Jekyll explore science selfishly and without forethought, creating fear of uncontrollable speculation as well as unpredictable degeneration. However, the good aspects of science are later redeemed when Van Helsing and Dr Seward add human and religious values. In order to show the argument to be true, the motives for turning to science, the use of science and the results have been scrutinized. In the three chapters, the protagonists' relation to and exploration of science have been examined. Viktor Frankenstein's scientific obsession results in an isolated, mad scientist and a tormented creature, hungry for revenge. The violent and hateful Mr Hyde, a symbol of primitive backlash, is the outcome of Dr Jekyll's scientific venture. Conversely, Van Helsing's and Dr Seward's humanistic use of scientific progress creates shelter and hope. The distinguishing element in these outcomes is morality, carrying with it reflective forethought and compassion.


1. Attachment and Change I. Bowlby and Beyond 2. The Foundations of Attachment Theory 3. Mary Main: Mental Representations, Metacognition, and the Adult Attachment Interview 4. Fonagy and Forward II. Attachment Relationships and the Development of the Self 5. The Multiple Dimensions of the Self 6. The Varieties of Attachment Experience 7. How Attachment Relationships Shape the Self III. From Attachment Theory to Clinical Practice 8. Nonverbal Experience and the "Unthought Known": Accessing the Emotional Core of the Self 9. The Stance of the Self toward Experience: Embeddedness, Mentalizing, and Mindfulness 10. Deepening the Clinical Dimension of Attachment Theory: Intersubjectivity and the Relational Perspective IV. Attachment Patterns in Psychotherapy 11. Constructing the Developmental Crucible 12. The Dismissing Patient: From Isolation to Intimacy 13. The Preoccupied Patient: Making Room for a Mind of Onea (TM)s Own 14. The Unresolved Patient: Healing the Wounds of Trauma and Loss V. Sharpening the Clinical Focus 15. The Nonverbal Realm I: Working with the Evoked and the Enacted 16. The Nonverbal Realm II: Working with the Body 17. Mentalizing and Mindfulness: The Double Helix of Psychological Liberation


Much of the theoretical literature on inequality assumes that the equalisand is a cardinal variable like income or wealth. However, health status is generally measured as a categorical variable expressing a qualitative order. Traditional solutions involve reclassifying the variable by means of qualitative models and relying on inequality measures that are mean independent. We argue that the way status is conceptualized has important theoretical implications for measurement as well as for policy analysis. We also bring to the data a recently proposed approach to measuring self-reported health inequality that meets both rigorous and practical considerations. We draw upon the World Health Survey data to examine alternative pragmatic methods for making health inequality comparisons. Findings suggest significant differences in health inequality measurement and that regional and country patterns of inequality orderings do not coincide with any reasonable categorization of countries by health system organization.


Transformations play a central role in Model Driven Engineering. Similar to the development of other types of software, a transformation's specification and implementation does not necessarily remain static over the course of a project's lifetime; the transformation may develop incrementally and evolve. The goal of this thesis is to propose metrics that can be used to characterize the evolution of model transformations. To perform an initial demonstration of the metrics, this thesis considers an incrementally defined model transformation task. The transformation is implemented using two model transformation languages, a textual language and a graphical language, and metrics are extracted from the historical artifacts. The thesis defines a set of change metrics based on an abstract syntax difference model. Language feature metrics are also defined for both transformation languages. A process for extracting model-based change metrics and language metrics from the abstract syntax of the transformation languages is introduced. The applicability of the metrics in characterizing changes is demonstrated using exploratory clustering analysis on a transformation task. We show how, for this transformation task using both languages, metrics derived from the difference model result in clusters that reflect characteristics of individual changes, in contrast to clusters obtained with language metrics.


The impact of the propagation path-loss exponent (/spl gamma/) on the forward performance of a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular system is investigated. For this purpose, a simple analytical model based on the inverse power-of-distance /spl gamma/ law is developed. The problem of finding proper power-control factors is considered. According to /spl gamma/, the proper power-control factors are estimated for optimum performance. With these factors, results show that the capacity is reduced by a half by changing /spl gamma/ from 4.5 to 2.5. For this range in /spl gamma/, power control can approximately double the capacity compared to the case of no power control.


This paper examines the data on which theoretical treatments of synthetic compounding in English have typically been based against data culled from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and argues that many claims made in the literature are inaccurate. Claims about the unacceptability of external arguments as the first elements of synthetic compounds, the obligatory transitive interpretation of compounds like tomato growing , the absence of achievement verbs in - ing synthetic compounds, the inability of - ing synthetics to be pluralized, the absence of eventive readings in synthetics, among others are falsified. The paper then proposes a set of generalizations more consistent with the corpus data and shows that the lexical semantic framework of Lieber (2004) is capable of accounting for the facts.


Using time series and the Uganda National Household Survey data, this paper seeks to examine the impact of the electricity reforms on the performance of the sector. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of the reforms in terms of sector performance taking into consideration various performance indicators such as electricity access, generation per capita, distribution efficiency, price trends, subsidies and customer growth. These indicators were selected on the basis of the rationale of the reforms. Results show that connectivity is increasing, but cannot be statistically linked to the reforms. In addition, we show that the reforms have tended to favour the urban dwellers with connectivity levels rising from 36 percent in 1992 to 46 percent in 2009 while the rural dwellers have benefitted less due to the slow rural electrification rate. Electricity generation per capita remains low and there is a widening demand generation gap, increased reliance on thermal generation, and rising cost per unit of electricity. Overall, the results do not generate significant evidence linking improved sector performance to the reforms. However, we recommend that these results be interpreted with caution due to the short time periods involved.


A ganglion cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac that forms over a tendon or joint. It presents as a lump underneath the skin, which contains a jelly-like material that is typically thick, sticky, clear, and odorless. These cysts most commonly develop on the tendons of the wrist or hand, but can also appear on the ankle or foot. The exact cause is unknown, but injured joints or tendons are more likely to form a ganglion cyst. Ganglion cysts are usually painless; however, if a cyst presses on a nerve, it can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness. Asymptomatic ganglion cysts do not require treatment, and about half disappear without intervention. But with larger or symptomatic cysts, treatment may be recommended. Fluid inside the cyst may be aspirated to relieve pressure and pain, but it does not eliminate the cyst, and is associated with a high level of recurrence. Excision of the cyst can also be performed. It is more invasive, but generally has a lower level of recurrence. Here, we present the case of a pediatric patient with a ganglion cyst on her right wrist. Excision of the cyst was elected over aspiration in order to decrease the chance of recurrence.


The implausible combination of centrifugal disc microfluidics and un-covered channels provides a simple way in which Raman spectroscopy can be implemented in industrially-relevant lab-on-a disc technology. Here we demonstrate these advantages by detecting very low concentrations of melamine in liquid milk, without pre-processing, without surface enhancement of the Raman signal and with no evidence of spectral contamination from the polymeric chip itself. A limit of detection (LOD) of 203 ppm for melamine in milk was achieved from Raman spectra of milk after drying. The centrifugal disc rotation and microchannel geometry results in rapid and reliable filling of the channels and in meniscus shape control, enabling reproducible Raman detection with quantitative precision.


There are three basic encryption methods: hashing, symmetric cryptography, and asymmetric cryptography. Each of these encryption methods have their own uses, advantages, and disadvantages. All three of these encryption methods use cryptography, or the science of scrambling data . Although there can be several pieces to an encryption process, the two main pieces are the algorithms and the keys. As stated earlier, algorithms used in computer systems are complex mathematical formulas that dictate the rules of how the plaintext will be turned into ciphertext. A key is a string of random bits that will be used by the algorithm. This paper proposed a method which generates the key that draw from parts of the image. The size of the key is used with the suggested algorithm to encryption of the text. This method could be applied to Symmetric cryptography or Asymmetric cryptography.


California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in otherwise good nutritional condition have been consistently affected by the marine biotoxin domoic acid since the late 1990s. In this study we evaluated the temporal and spatial stranding patterns of suspected and confirmed cases of domoic acid intoxicated sea lions from 1998 to 2006, using records of strandings along the California coast obtained from members of the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network. The majority of domoic acid cases were adult females (47%-82% of the total annual domoic acid cases), a contrast to strandings that were not related to domoic acid, which were generally dominated by juveniles and pups. Exposure to this biotoxin led to a 6.67-fold increase in adult female strandings in 2000, and a 5.44-fold increase in adult female deaths in 2006, relative to strandings and deaths of adult female not affected by domoic acid. Domoic acid cases have occurred annually since 1998 (except for 1999) between April and August, with clusters centered primarily at Pismo Beach (San Luis Obispo County), as well as at other beaches in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Orange, and San Diego counties. The larger ecological and population level implications of increased domoic acid strandings and deaths, particularly among adult female sea lions, warrant further attention and need to be investigated.


The state of Qatar provides an interesting illustration of a nation that has recently
witnessed spectacular urban development worthy of investigation. Indeed, during
the past three decades huge oil revenues have enabled the country to embark on
unprecedented national development. The main thrust of this research study is
urbanisation and urban development in Qatar and the impact this phenomenon
has had on the urban growth of its capital city, Doha. This study sets out to
examine a set of issues caused by the urbanisation process within the framework
of urban growth and land use development. The present study examines
urbanisation and its impact on the city development in the Arab Gulf states
(GCC) in general and in Qatar in particular. The main objective of the study has
been to trace the influence these changes have had on the general growth of the
city and the land uses particularly the residential and commercial land
development with particular emphasis on the political and socio-economic factors
which form the main thrust of this research. In addition, the examination of the
emerging urbanisation phenomenon has aimed to establish the necessary
background before dealing with the topic at the scale of the capital city.
Following these objectives, the study has adopted a combined approach, which
can be described as historical and empirical. The historical setting provides the
changing nature of urbanisation in the Gulf States (GCC) and Qatar by
establishing the evolution of this phenomenon until the present time. This is
clearly done through defining the evolutionary periods reflecting the urban
development stages, which included two distinctive phases: the traditional (pre-oil
period) and modern/contemporary periods. The empirical/analytical part focuses
especially on the city of Doha with respect to its recent urban development,
socio-economic characteristics and the changing land use patterns of which the
residential and commercial development represents one of the most rapidly
growing and changing land use types that took place in a relatively short period
(1970-1997).
Clearly, the empirical research begins by investigating the socio-economic and
physical features of the city. The analysis points out the enormous scale of
development that occurred in the city benefiting largely from massive urban
development plans engendered by the remarkable growth of the country's oil
economy. Subsequently, the research separately examines additional
dimensions pertinent to the residential and commercial land development. The
findings show to what extent the growth of the city has influenced the emerging
patterns of land use that were drastically changed. Also, the findings always
reveal the existence of a strong correlation between the overall economic
performance of the country and the changing residential and commercial uses.
Indeed, the economic and social transformations of Qatar have resulted in new
emerging patterns that were utterly unknown before the advent of oil.
The thesis presents this research topic in three main parts. The first consists of
two chapters, which introduce the methodology and approaches adopted by the
study and the theoretical aspects relevant to urbanisation, urban development
and urban internal structure along with definitions and concepts as well as
previous studies done for Qatar. The second part includes three chapters, whichXVI
deal with urbanisation in the GCC and Qatar. Chapter three provides an historical
perspective of urbanisation and urban development pertaining to the Arab Gulf
States. Chapter four presents an in-depth analysis of urbanisation and urban
development in Qatar. This is followed by another chapter, which exclusively
deals with the overall characteristics of population in Qatar. Part three of the
thesis is entirely concerned with the city of Doha. It is divided into five chapters.
Chapter six is concerned with the evolution and development of Doha; its
changing demographic aspects and the factors affecting the population structure
of the city are examined in chapter seven. The remaining three chapters of this
part (8, 9 & 10) deal with the city's land use development in general and with the
residential and the commercial land development in particular. For this purpose,
chapter eight investigates the overall characteristics relevant to land use in the
city. The central aim is to establish an objective understanding of the evolution of
land uses, the major factors influencing their development and the present
distribution patterns over the 1980-1997 period. The latter analytical stage
involves examining the emerging patterns of the residential land development in
an attempt to explore the changing patterns and the housing characteristics. In
the third analytical phase, the analysis proceeds to consider the changing
patterns of the commercial development within the city. A final summary of the
findings, conclusion of the study and suggestions for future research are provided
in chapter eleven.


This book explores the impact of the Internet on scholarly research across and beyond the social sciences. The contributors - leading figures in a broad spectrum of disciplines - explain how their fields of inquiry are being redefined, and what issues of social change are salient as new information technologies increasingly become the subject of scholarly analysis. They have rendered a conceptual photograph of how their disciplines are coping with the impact of information technology by covering policy approaches, empirical research, and theoretical questions. Academy & the Internet highlights significant zones of inquiry and provides a critical perspective on the direction each discipline is traveling.


Aims: Oral and systemic comorbidities are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
and are considered to be important predictors of the disease. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count serves as an important marker for the
progression of HIV to AIDS. Our objective was to correlate the oral and systemic comorbidities associated with HIV infection with CD4 count in
patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Materials and methods: This was an observational study among 110 HIV-diagnosed patients. The oral and systemic comorbidities were noted
and compared to their CD4 counts. A Chi-square analysis was carried out to see the association of oral manifestations.
Results: Among the study subjects, 50 (45.5%) participants had a CD4 count of >500 cells/μL, 46 (41.8%) patients had a CD4 count of 200–499
cells/μL, whereas 14 (12.7%) had <200 cells/μL. The major oral manifestations observed were dental caries (n = 30, 60%), periodontitis (n = 25,
50%), and lipoatrophy (n = 25, 50%) in patients with CD4 >500 cells/μL; dental caries (n = 28, 60.90%), intraoral pigmentation (n = 23, 50%),
and periodontitis (n = 20, 43.50%) in patients with a CD4 count between 200 and 499; and dental caries (n = 9, 64.30%), periodontitis (n = 7,
50%), and candidiasis 6 (42.90%) among subjects with CD4 counts <200. The most common systemic comorbidity observed was tuberculosis
(p < 0.001) and pneumonia (p < 0.003).
Conclusion: Early intervention strategies in diagnosis and management for HIV-infected individuals have shown promising results. With the
advent of HAART, the quality of life has significantly improved.
Clinical significance: The prevalence of oral and systemic comorbidity among HIV-infected patients have declined since the advent of HAART.
Oral and general physicians should be able to identify and treat the patients at the earliest, which in turn could reduce the morbidity and
mortality rates among those infected with HIV.