In this paper, we test the novel hypothesis that the electroencephalogram arousals (EEGA) are associated with functional asymmetries of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, as evident through Inter-Hemispheric Asynchrony (IHA) of surface EEG, using statistical analysis. We measured EEG data (using electrodes A1/C2 and A2/C3 of the International 10/20 System) from 22 patients. Spectral correlation coefficients (R) were computed between EEG data from the two hemispheres for each frequency band of interest. Results indicated that IHA varies with two types of sleep, NREM and REM. It tends to intensify with the occurrence of EEGA. Statistical analysis of the results shows high significance difference between the means of the spectral correlation coefficient for normal sleep and sleep affected by arousal events for both type of sleep, with P < 0.001. A negative relationship (r=-0.75) was established between the mean spectral correlation coefficient for beta band during NREM sleep and arousal index (AI). These results provide a basis for novel insights into the functional asymmetries of brain regions associated with EEG arousals during sleep apnoea.


One-dimensional (1D) integral imaging based on parallax images' virtual reconstruction is proposed. The 1D integral imaging contains parallax images' capture process, parallax images' virtual reconstruction process, and 1D elemental image array's generation process. A pixel mapping algorithm is deduced to implement the last two processes; a 1D elemental image array is generated by the mapping of pixels on the parallax images obtained using a 1D camera array. The proposed 1D integral imaging can capture the 1D elemental image array of a real three-dimensional (3D) scene.


"A valuable contribution to scholarship in Cuban studies and the study of religion in the Americas. Routon goes beyond other works in analyzing the Cuban capacity for combining apparently incompatible beliefs such as socialism and various Afro-Cuban practices. He also provides a number of important insights into the processes by which magical and ritual idioms of power feed the political imagery and exercise of power in Cuba, and vice versa."--Christine Ayorinde, author of Afro-Cuban Religiosity, Revolution, and National Identity. "A fascinating, timely, and deftly balanced account of the power of magic and the state in revolutionary Cuba. This compelling and evocative book transports readers to the secret and mysterious alleys of religious and political workings, the ritual production of selective historical memory, and the current statecraft of religious appropriations."--Raquel Romberg, author of Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico. "Hidden Powers of the State in the Cuban Imagination is a remarkable achievement. Rather than delivering "yet another" ethnography of an objectified entity called Afro-Cuban religion, Routon opens up fresh and illuminating perspectives on the historical complexity and contemporary volatility of the semiotics of a world in which the experientially occult nature of power has become coextensive with the experience of the powers of the occult."--Stephan Palmie, University of Chicago. Despite its hard-nosed emphasis on the demystifying realism of Marxist-Leninist ideology, the political imagery of the Cuban revolution--and the state that followed--conjures up its own magical seductions and fantasies of power. In this fascinating account, Kenneth Routon shows how magic practices and political culture are entangled in Cuba in unusual and intimate ways. Routon describes not only how the monumentality of the state arouses magical sensibilities and popular images of its hidden powers, but he also explores the ways in which revolutionary officialdom has, in recent years, tacitly embraced and harnessed vernacular fantasies of power to the national agenda. In his brilliant analysis, popular culture and the state are deeply entangled within a promiscuous field of power, taking turns siphoning the magic of the other in order to embellish their own fantasies of authority, control, and transformation. This study brings anthropology and history together by examining the relationship between ritual and state power in revolutionary Cuba, paying particular attention to the roles of memory and history in the construction and contestation of shared political imaginaries.


The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of various channels of
technology spillovers on local innovative capacity at national and firm level. At
national level, the thesis investigates the drivers of Malaysia"s innovative
capacity and the effect of international external sources on innovative
capacity. At firm level, this thesis examines the impact of FDI on the
innovation progress and studies whether multinational corporations (MNCs)
can act as catalysts to stimulate local firms" innovation activities in Malaysia.
Via a case study analysis at firm level, this thesis focuses on knowledge
transfer through backward linkages established between MNCs and their local
suppliers.
Time series data analysis is conducted to provide empirical evidence of the
effect of FDI spillovers on Malaysia"s innovative capacity at national level.
Additionally, a case-study approach is adopted to investigate the impact of
vertical FDI spillovers on the innovation performance of local Malaysian firms.
The key findings of the study reveal that export-related spillovers are
positively associated with Malaysia"s innovative capacity, whereas importrelated
spillovers play a minor role in local innovation. The findings also
indicate that there is no significant correlation between economic
development and local innovation, which suggests that strong economic
growth is not a necessary condition in order for Malaysia to enhance its local
innovative capacity. The results suggest that there is strong evidence of the
importance of foreign innovation activities to local innovative capacity at
national level. In contrast, knowledge spillovers measured by FDI inflows have
no significant impact on local innovative capacity. The results showed that FDI
might be constrained by the fact that spillovers are more likely to take place
through vertical relationships than horizontal relationships.
At firm level, the study suggests that knowledge and technology can be
diffused through high-quality and standard requirements imposed by MNCs,
the assessment and feedback and training programmes offered by MNCs to
local suppliers, as well as the production process itself. These results extend
ii
the existing literature on national innovative capacity and validate earlier
theoretical and empirical research on vertical spillovers. The findings from the
thesis also have important policy and managerial implications with regard to
the impact of FDI on host developing countries.


Results When reassigning FIGO stage, 47% (224/473) of the CC patients had a different FIGO (2018) stage than the FIGO (2009) stage; 34% (163/473) were upstaged, whereas 13% (61/473) were downstaged using FIGO (2018). For FIGO (2018), stage I (n=272) was defined by pathology findings in 81% (220/272), whereas stages II (n=64), III (n=104), and IV (n=33) were mostly defined by imaging findings (85%; 170/201). For FIGO (2018) stage III, stage migration was seen in 95% (99/104), mainly due to positive lymph nodes on imaging (in 89%; 93/104). FIGO (2018) yielded higher area under the tdROC curve (AUC) for predicting 5-year DSS than FIGO (2009) (AUC 0.89 vs. AUC 0.83, respectively; p = 0.009). Conclusion Restaging to FIGO (2018) resulted in stage migration in 47% of the patients. FIGO (2018) stage I was mostly defined by pathology results, while imaging findings had a strong impact on stages II-IV. FIGO (2018) stage yielded higher AUC than FIGO (2009) for predicting 5-year DSS in CC


This paper does not purport that navigation systems are safe or unsafe, but attempts to identify potential topics of concern relating to the driver interface. The first section of the paper describes some of the classes of measures by which the safety of navigation systems can be assessed. Of them, eye fixation frequencies and duration, TTC, and TLC have the most promise for pinpointing safety concerns. However, additional work is needed to develop the tools to collect and analyze such measures. Of the navigation tasks that drivers can perform, the primary concern is with destination entry, though information retrieval, route following (with maps), and destination retrieval also deserve attention. A better understanding of the crash-inducing potential of navigation systems may be obtained by consideration of likely crash scenarios, some of which are described. Systematic analyses of crash scenarios involving navigation systems have yet to appear in the literature.


Introduction Management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants is one of the most controversial topics in neonatal medicine. The availability of different pharmacotherapeutic options often poses a practical challenge to the practising neonatologist as to which one to choose as a therapeutic option. Our objectives are to determine the relative merits of the available pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of PDA. Methods and Analysis We will conduct a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials evaluating the use of intravenous or oral: indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants. The primary outcome is failure of closure of the PDA. Secondary outcomes are neonatal mortality, need for surgical closure, duration of ventilator support, chronic lung disease, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotising enterocolitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, time to full enteral feeds and oliguria. We will search Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as grey literature resources. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts, extract information, and assess the risk of bias (ROB) and the confidence in the estimate (with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach). Subgroup analysis according to gestational age, birth weight, different doses of interventions, time of administration of the first dose of the intervention, and echocardiographic definition of haemodynamically significant PDA and ROB are planned. We will perform a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine the pooled direct and indirect treatment effect estimates for each outcome, if adequate data are available. Ethics and Dissemination The results will help to reduce the uncertainty about the safety and effectiveness of the interventions, will identify knowledge gaps or will encourage further research for other therapeutic options. Therefore, its results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. On the basis of the nature of its design, no ethics approval is necessary for this study. Trial registration number CRD42015015797.


A novel, cost effective,environment-friendly and energetically beneficial alternative method for the synthesis of giant dielectric pseudo-perovskite material CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) is presented. The method involved auto-combustion of an aqueous precursor solution in oxygen
atmosphere with the help of external fuels and is capable of producing high amount of CCTO at ultra-low temperature, in the combustion residue itself. The amount of phase generated was observed to be highly dependent on the combustion process i.e. on the nature and amount of external-fuels added for combustion. Two successful fuel combinations capable of producing reasonably higher amount of the desired compound were investigated. On a structural characterization grain size was observed to decrease drastically to nano-dimension compared to submicron-size that was obtained in a traditional sol-gel combustion and subsequent cacination method. Therefore, the method reported can produce nano-crystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic matrix at an ultra-low temperature and is expected to be applicable for other multifunctional perovskite oxide materials.


This article is concerned with the stability and long-time dynamics of structures arising from a structureless state. The paradigm is suggested by developmental biology, where morphogenesis is thought to result from a competition between chemical reactions and spatial diffusion. A system of two reaction-diffusion equations for the concentrations of two morphogens is reduced to a finite system of ordinary differential equations. The stability of bifurcated solutions of this system is analyzed, and the long-time asymptotic behavior of the bifurcated solutions is established rigorously. The Schnakenberg and Gierer-Meinhardt equations are discussed as examples.


Background Sedentary behaviour (sitting) is an emerging cardiometabolic risk factor in young people. Little is known about how household socioeconomic position (SEP) and sedentary behaviour are associated in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between SEP (including area-level deprivation) and sedentary behaviour in school-age children and adolescents. Methods The study sample was 4034 participants aged 5–15 yrs participated in the 2008 Health Survey for England which collected information on SEP (household income, Registrar General's social class of the household reference person) and neighbourhood deprivation. Sedentary behaviour assessment (proxy parental measures for 5–12yrs; self-reported for 13–15yrs) included television viewing and other sitting during non-school times. Total sitting time was measured in a sub-sample (N=611) using accelerometers. We examined the multivariable associations between each SEP indicator and each sedentary time indicator using generalised linear models. Whenever appropriate, models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, accelerometer wear time and mutually adjusted for the other SEP indicators. Results The mean age of the sample was 10 yrs (±3), 2922 participants were aged 5–12 and 1112 were aged 13- 15yrs. Household income and social class were inversely associated with daily television times (i.e. the higher the SEP the lower the television viewing times), e.g. compared to participants from households in the bottom income quartile, those in the top quartile had 14 minutes /day less (95% CI: 3 to 25, p=0.009) of television viewing. Non-TV sitting during non-school time was higher in nonmanual than in manual social class households by 14 minutes/day (7 to 20, p<0.001). Total (accelerometry-assessed) sitting time was higher among participants from households in the top income half (≥£23135/year) by 22 minutes/day (7 to 37, p<0.00) compared to those in the bottom half. Area deprivation was not associated with sedentary behaviour. Conclusion Low socioeconomic position is linked with higher television times but with lower total (accelerometry-assessed) sitting, and non-TV sitting during non-school time in children and adolescents. Inferences from studies looking at socioeconomic position and specific indices of sedentary behaviour (e.g., TV time) in children and adolescents may not be generalizable to total sitting time.


For multiple testing problems, Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) proposed the false discovery rate (FDR) as an alternative to the family-wise error rate (FWER). Since then, researchers have provided many proofs to control the FDR under different assumptions. Storey et al. (2004) showed that the rejection threshold of a BH step-up procedure is a stopping time with respect to the reverse filtration generated by the pvalues and proposed a new proof based on the martingale theory. Following this work, martingale methods have been widely used to establish FDR control in various settings, but have been primarily applied to reverse filtration only. However, forward filtration can be more amenable for generalized and adaptive FDR controlling procedures. In this paper, we present a new proof, based on forward filtration, for step-down FDR controlling procedures that start from small p-values and update the rejection regions as larger p-values are observed.


A preliminary assessment of surf-zone and estuarine line fish was carried out in the DwesaCwebe Marine Protected Area (MPA), on the Wild Coast, South Africa. The purpose was to provide baseline data on inshore line-fish stocks in the MPA. A total of 28 species was recorded, of which 53% have a conservation status reflecting some concern and 43% are endemic to southern Africa. This highlights the value of the MPA for protection of important line-fish species. Within the MPA, localised differences were detected in species diversity, size frequency and catch per unit effort between unexploited and illegally exploited areas. These differences were more prominent in slow growing, long-lived species. It thus appears that illegal exploitation is negatively affecting fish populations within the MPA, which counteract and potentially could eliminate the benefits of fish protection typically associated with no-take MPAs. These results highlight the need for improved law enforcement and better communication with neighbouring communities to increase awareness. It is further recommended that the current no-take status of the MPA should be maintained. In addition, baseline fisheries information was collected on certain fish species that could be used to inform future conservation management of the MPA. Conservation implications: The Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area is unique and important for the conservation of key surf zone and estuarine fish species. However there is a significant risk to the fish populations due to illegal exploitation. Key interventions should include enhanced law enforcement but, more important, the creation of alternative livelihoods and long term sustainable benefits to local communities.


We have characterized the optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification of femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses by using a BBO crystal. It is numerically verified that a high gain and a broad gain bandwidth can be obtained with a 532-nm pump laser. The dependence of the gain profile of OPA on phase matching angles, pump intensity, and crystal length is numerically investigated. Experimental results shows that the temporal fluctuation of a pump laser causes the modulation of an amplified spectrum in OPCPA.


ON 30 JANUARY 2005, the historic national election in Iraq resulted in the appointment of the Iraqi Constituent National Assembly. Election results mitigated domestic conflict between ethnic and religious groups and put into place the political process to establish a new Iraqi government. Under the authority of the 2004 UN security Council Resolution 1546, Multinational Force-Iraq (MNF-1) moved from conducting offensive operations against anti-Iraqi forces (AIF) to developing the Iraqi security Force (ISF) to allow the political process to proceed unhindered. The goals for Iraq's future were * To secure the future political climate. * To develop an ISF capable of independent operations. * To help the Iraqi people establish an Iraqi democracy. The change in policy emphasized civil-military operations (CMO) and reconstruction over offensive military operations. The Republic of Korea's (ROK's) Mission in Iraq In September 2004, the ROK Army deployed its Zaytun Division to the Irbil region in northern Iraq to provide CMO and reconstruction support for 6 months, establish friendly relations with the provincial government, donate critical materials to ISF troops and Iraqi civilians, and work to stabilize the region through humanitarian assistance to help guarantee freedom to participate in the national elections. Activated in February 2004, the Division supported Operation Iraqi Freedom by maintaining security in its assigned area of responsibility (AOR), conducting postwar reconstruction projects, and providing humanitarian assistance. The Division prepared for CMO by organizing subordinate units, including an engineer battalion for reconstruction support, a medical battalion for humanitarian assistance, and four trained and organized multifunctional special operations battalions to perform a variety of missions. Because of the emphasis on CMO, the Division activated a Civil-Military Coordination Center (CIMIC), directly subordinate to the commanding general, to coordinate between the Division and external agencies for reconstruction support. The Division focused on how to efficiently conduct CMO and reconstruction in the area of operations with limited funds, and it established these directives: * Build friendships with local residents to establish CMO during the early stage of deployment. * Identify local residents' most critical requirements before conducting CMO. * Establish a plan for peacekeeping and reconstruction, taking into account the Division's capabilities and the provincial government's requirements. To establish friendship with local agencies and residents quickly, the Division instilled awareness of regional societal and cultural norms through education about the region's indigenous religions, customs, languages, and lifestyles and provided opportunities for soldiers interested in Islam to visit mosques in Korea. ROK soldiers gained an understanding of Islamic and Kurdish cultures and customs and learned some simple Kurdish idioms. Before deployment, the Division invited the Iraqi Olympic soccer team to Seoul to participate in a match hosted by the Division. The Division also invited the prime minister of the regional government to Korea to actively exchange opinions and build a relationship between government and Division officiais. The Division employed three predeployment site survey (PDSS) teams to establish deployment plans and evaluate CMO prerequisites. The teams received seven support program requests from the provincial government for support for local infrastructure development, ISF support, and expressway construction. CMO and Reconstruction With CIMIC analysis and requirements, the Division developed 67 tasks in 4 areas of support: friendship building, ISF support, humanitarian assistance, and infrastructure-development support. The Division planned and trained for each task, dividing the tasks into those a battalion could conduct independently and those that required government support. …


It is not a coincidence that every red rose is coloured. No rose can be red without being coloured. A red rose is coloured in virtue of its being red, its being coloured is metaphysically explained by its being red. This is, at least in part, underwritten by what it is for the rose to be coloured, by the nature – or essence – of its being coloured. If this is right, then questions concerning possibility and necessity, questions concerning metaphysical explanation, and questions concerning essence are systematically connected. This book proposes a unified account of metaphysical modality, grounding, and essence. It develops a semantic way to model essences as localised necessities that rule out worlds as impossible and uses it to account for grounding and metaphysical modality.


This article considers two coarse measures applicable to antitrust policy: one of market concentration, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and one of market dominance, threshold value. Calculations of threshold value are compared to HHI values to determine when thresholds might be of specific use in merger cases. Many scenarios which satisfy the threshold conditions (indicating a dominant firm exists) are consistent with high HHI numbers such that current US Department of Justice and European Commission guidelines (based on HHIs) for merger concerns will have been met. It is suggested as a rule of thumb that HHIs be used as necessary conditions and threshold value be considered sufficient conditions for further case review.


Three different chemistry‐climate models are compared with respect to their simulation of the stratospheric response to extreme cases of ENSO. Ensemble simulations of an unusually warm ENSO event (1940–1941) compared to a very cold event (1975–1976) reveal a weaker and warmer polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere winter. This follows from anomalously propagating waves decelerating the zonal flow and strengthening the residual mean circulation. Models are in good agreement in simulating the observed (statistically reconstructed for the case 1941) flow in the lower stratosphere over the Pacific North American region, but less so over the North Atlantic European sector with insufficient reproduction of the wave structure. Modeled column ozone is reduced in the Tropics and increased on average in the northern extra tropics in accord with the general pattern seen in observations and in line with an intensification of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation.


Analaysis of the available moisture storage data for 271 profile horizon samples from soils of northwestern, central, eastern, and southwestern Missouri show that for these dominantly silty soils available moisture storage capacity (A.W.C.) decreases with clay and increases with silt content. Coarse silt (0.05 to 0.02 mm.) increases A.W.C. more than fine silt (0.02 to 0.002 mm.). A.W.C. also increases generally with organic matter content but since organic matter increases with coarse silt and decreases with clay the effect can be attributed to textural changes. The siltrich surface is higher in organic matter and A.W.C. than the clay-rich subsoil (particularly the clay pans). Only in a grouping of samples between 13 and 20% clay is there evidence that organic matter may improve storage, possibly by forming silt sized microaggregates in the clay. This effect is not apparent in soils dominated by fine textural components and relatively low in organic matter.


Microarray experiments are capable of measuring the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously. Dealing with this enormous amount of information requires complex computation. Support Vector Machines (SVM) have been widely used with great efficiency to solve classification problems that have high dimension. In this sense, it is plausible to develop new feature selection strategies for microarray data that are associated with this type of classifier. Therefore, we propose, in this paper, a new method for feature selection based on an ordered search process to explore the space of possible subsets. The algorithm, called Admissible Ordered Search (AOS), uses as evaluation function the margin values estimated for each hypothesis by a SVM classifier. An important theoretical contribution of this paper is the development of the projected margin concept. This value is computed as the margin vector projection on a lower dimensional subspace and is used as an upper bound for the current value of the hypothesis in the search process. This enables great economy in runtime and consequently efficiency in the search process as a whole. The algorithm was tested using five different microarray data sets yielding superior results when compared to three representative feature selection methods.


Within the area of computational models of argumentation, the instantiation-based approach is gaining more and more attention, not at least because meaningful input for Dung's abstract frameworks is provided in that way. In a nutshell, the aim of instantiation-based argumentation is to form, from a given knowledge base, a set of arguments and to identify the conflicts between them. The resulting network is then evaluated by means of extension-based semantics on an abstract level, i.e. on the resulting graph. While several systems are nowadays available for the latter step, the automation of the instantiation process itself has received less attention. In this work, we provide a novel approach to construct and visualize an argumentation framework from a given knowledge base. The system we propose relies on Answer-Set Programming and follows a two-step approach. A first program yields the logic-based arguments as its answer-sets; a second program is then used to specify the relations between arguments based on the answer-sets of the first program. As it turns out, this approach not only allows for a flexible and extensible tool for instantiation-based argumentation, but also provides a new method for answer-set visualization in general.


Despite the growing popularity of free college proposals, countries with higher college subsidies tend to have higher enrollment rates but not higher graduation rates. To capture this evidence and evaluate potential free college policies, we rely on a dynamic model of college enrollment, performance, and graduation estimated using rich student-level data from Colombia. In the model, student effort affects class completion and mitigates the risk of performing poorly or dropping out. Among our simulated policies, universal free college expands enrollment the most but has virtually no effect on graduation rates, helping explain the cross-country evidence. Performance-based free college triggers a more modest enrollment expansion but delivers a higher graduation rate at a lower fiscal cost. While both programs lower student uncertainty relative to the baseline, performance-based free college does it to a lower extent, which in turn promotes better student outcomes. Overall, free college programs expand enrollment but have limited impacts on graduation and attainment due to their limited impact on student effort.


A thesis submitted to the Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health,
College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health in Population, Family and Reproductive Health, 2015


The opening of the Gulf of Mexico was an important Mesozoic tectonic event that provides new insight in the role of magmatism and lithospheric stresses in the initiation of continental rifting. A new seismic velocity profile based on seismic refraction data in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico offshore Texas, where the basin started opening in the Early Jurassic, shows a rifted margin with strong lateral heterogeneity beneath the shelf and slope. The structure of the thinned crust is consistent with large-scale extensional faulting and moderate amounts of synrift magmatism before continental breakup. These new seismic constraints do not indicate the presence of a volcanic margin along the Texas coast, as has sometimes been proposed based on magnetic data. The Laurentian continental lithosphere of central Texas may have been too thick at the onset of rifting (>100 km) to let magmatic diking control the extension. In contrast, the continental lithosphere of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico may have been thinner, such that magma-assisted rifting formed a volcanic margin there later in the Jurassic.


This paper presents a methodology for the comparison of different land cover datasets and illustrates how this can be extended to create a hybrid land cover product. The datasets used in this paper are the GLC-2000 and MODIS land cover products. The methodology addresses: 1) the harmonization of legend classes from different global land cover datasets and 2) the uncertainty associated with the classification of the images. The first part of the methodology involves mapping the spatial disagreement between the two land cover products using a combination of fuzzy logic and expert knowledge. Hotspots of disagreement between the land cover datasets are then identified to determine areas where other sources of data such as TM/ETM images or detailed regional and national maps can be used in the creation of a hybrid land cover dataset


The control of insect-sized flapping-wing micro air vehicles is attracting increasing interest. Solution of the problem requires construction of a controller that is physically small, extremely power efficient, and capable. In addition, process variation in the creation of very small wings and armatures as well as the potential for accumulating damage and wear over the course of a vehicle's lifetime suggest that controllers be able to self-adapt to the specific and possibly changing nature of the vehicles in which they are embedded. Previous work with Evolvable Hardware Continuous Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNNs) as applied to adaptive control of walking in legged robots suggests that CTRNNs may provide a suitable control solution for flapping-wing micro air vehicles. However, upon complete analysis, it can be seen that perceived similarities between the two problems are somewhat superficial, and that flapping-wing vehicle control requires its own study. This dissertation constitutes the first attempt to apply evolved CTRNN devices to the control of a feasible flapping-wing micro air vehicle. It is organized as a sequence of control experiments of increasing difficulty and explores the following issues, development of behavior-based analog circuit modules, architectures to combine those modules into multi-functional controllers, low-level circuit analyses to explain how evolved modules operate and interact. Also included are experiments in the creation of physically polymorphic behavior modules that combine multiple flight functions into a monolithic analog device. In addition to providing first-of-its-kind feasibility results, this dissertation develops a new frequency-grouping based analysis method to explain the operation of evolved devices.


We reconsider randomized algorithms for the low-rank approximation of SPSD matrices such as Laplacian and kernel matrices that arise in data analysis and machine learning applications. Our main results consist of an empirical evaluation of the performance quality and running time of sampling and projection methods on a diverse suite of SPSD matrices. Our results highlight complementary aspects of sampling versus projection methods, and they point to differences between uniform and nonuniform sampling methods based on leverage scores. We complement our empirical results with a suite of worst-case theoretical bounds for both random sampling and random projection methods. These bounds are qualitatively superior to existing bounds--e.g., improved additive-error bounds for spectral and Frobenius norm error and relative-error bounds for trace norm error.


In the theory of distributed systems and in cryptography one considers a set of n parties which wish to securely perform a certain computation, even if some of the parties are dishonest. Broadcast, one of the most fundamental and widely used such primitives, allows one (possibly cheating) party to distribute a value m consistently to the other parties, in a context where only bilateral (authenticated) channels between parties are available. A well-known result [LSP82] states that this is possible if and only if strictly less than a third of the parties are dishonest. Broadcast guarantees a very strong form of consistency. This paper investigates generalizations of the broadcast setting in two directions: weaker forms of consistency guarantees are considered, and other resources than merely bilateral channels are assumed to be available. The ultimate goal of this line of work is to arrive at a complete classification of consistency specifications [Mau04]. As a concrete result in this direction we present a complete classification of three-party specifications with a binary input and binary outputs.


The increasing interest in the role of racism and racialization in health disparities, calls for exploring new paradigms in addressing and eliminating health disparities related to race/ethnicity. Cultural competence is conceptualized as one of the keys ways to address racial/ethnic disparities in public health and healthcare. However, for cultural competence to fulfill this role, it requires a critical understanding of the underlying socio-political and economic processes of power, privilege and institutional racism that create, support and maintain existing health disparities. This paper outlines how the concept of cultural competence can be made more robust, by incorporating concepts such as Public Health Critical Race praxis (PHCR) and cultural humility, to more fully tackle the impact of structural inequities on health disparities.


This thesis aims to raise awareness of the representations of Self and Others in a widely-distributed and controversial 20th -Century comic book series, Herge's The Adventures of Tintin. It explores how selected character roles are constructed, especially regarding their function, ethnicity, and dispersion throughout different narrative plots in these comics. Specifically, the aim here is to create a systematic categorisation of the data by employing a narrative analysis and integrating it with other approaches to reveal the discursive construction of ethnic identities in comic books in general and the Tintin series, in particular. To achieve its objectives, this research primarily provides a detailed quantification of panels and speech bubbles in all 23 volumes of the Tintin series and categorises eleven different ethnic groups based on their visual and contextual cues. Such a quantitative analysis enables us to understand the propagation of each ethnic group while setting the ground to explore how Self and Others are represented and constructed in this series. To that end, this research identifies similar and/or repetitive patterns in the narrative structures of these comic books. In order to track such patterns and to answer my research questions, this study applies Propp's (1928/1968) narrative analysis to disclose the discursive construction of ethnic identities, while synthesising the theoretical assumptions of the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) (Reisigl and Wodak, 2001/2009) of CDS, as an overarching approach, it also draws on van Dijk's (2008) strategies of positive-Self and negative Others presentation in his socio-cognitive approach. Additionally, it considers some relevant elements of van Leeuwen's (2008) visual social actors network model in the analysis of images. The analyses include qualitative case studies from among various ethnic groups in the series (Europeans, Far-East Asians, sub-Saharan Africans, Native Americans, and Jews), which demonstrates the visual and verbal stereotypes through selected texts. Thus, by combining detailed quantitative and qualitative methods, the analysis of each ethnic group reveals discrepancies in the ways character roles are constructed, including differences in both linguistic and visual features. The results show, surprisingly, that Europeans as in-groups are more frequently depicted as 'villains' than non-Europeans as out-groups, throughout the series, which can imply negative Self-presentation. Obviously, this does not mean that non-Europeans are represented in a positive way. There may be some complexities which are shown throughout the analysis chapters. An overall analysis of both Europeans and non-Europeans shows an interchangeable dynamic pattern regarding the strategies of positive vs. negative representations of Self and Others in different volumes. That is not the case for Jewish diaspora who do not share such dynamicity. In other words, throughout the series, they are stereotypically constructed in a negative way which supports the discriminatory and antisemitic ideologies in the Tintin series. This relates, I assume, to the socio-historical context of Belgium during the Second World War (1939-1945) and Herge's collaboration with the Nazi occupiers of Belgium.


Under certain conditions, flow down an inclined plane destabilizes and a persistent series of interfacial waves develop. An interest in determining under what conditions a flow becomes unstable and how the interface develops has motivated researchers to derive several models for analyzing this problem. The first part of this thesis compares three models for flow down a wavy, inclined plane with the goal of determining which best predicts features of the flow. These models are the shallow-water model (SWM), the integral-boundary-layer (IBL) model, and the weighted residual model (WRM). The model predictions for the critical Reynolds number for flow over an even bottom are compared to the theoretical value, and the WRM is found to match the theoretical value exactly. The neutral stability curves predicted by the three models are compared to two sets of experimental data, and again the WRM most closely matches the experimental data. Numerical solutions of the IBL model and the WRM are compared to numerical solutions of the full Navier-Stokes equations; both models compare well, although the WRM matches slightly better. Finally, the critical Reynolds numbers for the IBL model and the WRM for flow over a wavy incline are compared to experimental data. Both models give results close to the data and perform equally well. These comparisons indicate that the WRM most accurately models the flow. In the second part of the thesis, the WRM is extended to include the effects of bottom heating and permeability. Based on the results of the first part of the thesis, the WRM is used, as it is expected to be the most realistic. The model is used to predict the effect of heating and permeability on the stability of the flow, and the results are compared to theoretical predictions from the Benney equation and to a perturbation solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation from the literature. The results indicate that the model does faithfully predict the theoretical critical Reynolds number with heating and permeability, and both effects destabilize the flow. Finally, numerical simulations of the model equations are compared to full numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for the case with bottom permeability. The results are found to agree, which indicates that the WRM remains appropriate when permeability is included.


OBJECTIVE Short-term weight loss improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We sought to determine the longer-term effects of maintaining weight loss or, conversely, regaining weight. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD), a randomized trial of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared to a control condition in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. ILI participants were grouped according to weight change patterns, as follows: 1) no weight loss (±3% at years 1 and 4); 2) moderate weight loss (3–8% at years 1 and 4); 3) large weight loss (8–20% at years 1 and 4); 4) moderate loss/full regain (3–8% at year 1/±3% at year 4); 5) large loss/full regain (8–20% at year 1/± 3% year 4); and 6) large loss/partial regain (8–20% at year 1/3–8% at year 4) and changes in CVD risk factors were compared. RESULTS Adjusting for baseline differences and medication use, larger weight losses produced greater improvements in HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides at years 1 and 4 (all P ≤ 0.02). Despite maintenance of weight loss, HbA1c levels worsened between years 1 and 4, and remained below baseline only in those with large weight losses. We found no negative associations of losing and regaining weight relative to not having lost weight. Moreover, those who had large initial weight loss but full regain of weight had greater improvements in HbA1c levels at year 4 than those with smaller or no initial weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Larger initial weight loss should be encouraged in individuals with type 2 diabetes, despite the possibility of regain.


Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray is a well-established tool for simultaneously studying the expression level of thousands of genes. Segmentation of microarray images is one of the main stages in a microarray experiment. However, it remains an arduous and challenging task due to the poor quality of images. Images suffer from noise, artifacts, and uneven background, while spots depicted on images can be poorly contrasted and deformed. In this paper, an original approach for the segmentation of cDNA microarray images is proposed. First, a preprocessing stage is applied in order to reduce the noise levels of the microarray image. Then, the grow-cut algorithm is applied separately to each spot location, employing an automated seed selection procedure, in order to locate the pixels belonging to spots. Application on datasets containing synthetic and real microarray images shows that the proposed algorithm performs better than other previously proposed methods. Moreover, in order to exploit the independence of the segmentation task for each separate spot location, both a multithreaded CPU and a graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation were evaluated.


Many classical ecological and evolutionary theoretical frameworks posit that competition between species is an important selective force. For example, in adaptive radiations, resource competition between evolving lineages plays a role in driving phenotypic diversification and exploration of novel ecological space. Nevertheless, current models of trait evolution fit to phylogenies and comparative datasets are not designed to incorporate the effect of competition. The most advanced models in this direction are diversity-dependent models where evolutionary rates depend on lineage diversity. However, these models still treat changes in traits in one branch as independent of the value of traits on other branches, thus ignoring the effect of species similarity on trait evolution. Here, we consider a model where the evolutionary dynamics of traits involved in interspecific interactions are influenced by species similarity in trait values and where we can specify which lineages are in sympatry. We develop a maximum-likelihood based approach to fit this model to combined phylogenetic and phenotypic data. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the approach accurately estimates the simulated parameter values across a broad range of parameter space. Additionally, we develop tools for specifying the biogeographic context in which trait evolution occurs. In order to compare models, we also apply these biogeographic methods to specify which lineages interact sympatrically for two diversity-dependent models. Finally, we fit these various models to morphological data from a classical adaptive radiation (Greater Antillean Anolis lizards). We show that models that account for competition and geography perform better than other models. The matching competition model is an important new tool for studying the influence of interspecific interactions, in particular competition, on phenotypic evolution. More generally, it constitutes a step toward a better integration of interspecific interactions in many ecological and evolutionary processes.


Background: In recent years conversation has become an area of interest for aphasia therapy, with several studies using conversation analysis (CA) to target and evaluate therapy. Most of these studies have focused on the main conversation partner of the person with aphasia, and in particular have targeted the partner's pedagogic behaviours in relation to the person with aphasia. Evaluations of therapy have primarily taken the form of qualitative analyses of change in conversational behaviours. Aims: This single-case intervention study aims to advance research into interaction-focused intervention for aphasia in the following ways: by targeting intervention at the person with aphasia and the main conversation partner as a couple; by focusing on conversational behaviours where the person with aphasia can be seen to be restricted by the conversational actions of the conversation partner, in particular by recurrent questioning using closed questions and yes/no interrogatives; and by using a novel combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the intervention. Methods & Procedures: CA was used to target and evaluate interaction-focused intervention for a couple where one partner has aphasia. Evidence for change was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative evidence of change in conversational behaviours; evidence from naïve raters of pre- and post-intervention conversation extracts; and interview/other feedback from the conversation partner. Outcomes & Results: There was evidence that the intervention had changed the couple's conversational behaviours. In particular, the conversational behaviours of the non-aphasic partner were in general less restricting for the person with aphasia in that she was now using fewer questions and more instance of other types of turns, such as paraphrases. Following intervention the person with aphasia had also changed in that he was now producing turns that had more sentences, or attempts at sentences, and which developed the topic of talk across several of his turns. Conclusions: The study provides evidence that directly targeting the conversational behaviours of the person with aphasia and/or a main conversational partner can produce positive change, and can achieve this in a way that is ecologically valid. In particular, it highlights the usefulness of targeting conversational behaviours that are proving to be maladaptive for the participants. It provides further evidence that creating change in the non-aphasic partner's conversational behaviour may facilitate change in the person with aphasia's conversational and linguistic performance.


Early Cambrian faunas are rich in strange and distinctive fossils that are difficult to interpret or to classify. The small, conical fossils assigned to the extinct phylum Agmata, and the arguments surrounding their affinities and paleoecology, are a classic example of this problem. Volborthella are commonly found in Lower Cambrian strata of North America and in coeval units on the East European platform. These agglutinated fossils are traditionally interpreted as the complete skeleton of individual animals. However, a newly discovered fossil from the White-Inyo Mountains of eastern California demonstrates that Volborthella was a bilaterally symmetrical animal bearing multiple pairs of conical agglutinated sclerites. Volborthella, as traditionally defined, was one of many sclerites covering a relatively large metazoan, an Early Cambrian armored worm or mollusklike animal, and is the only known metazoan with a scleritome composed of agglutinated elements. This discovery ends more than a century of misinterpretation of this enigmatic Early Cambrian fossil.


On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court issued its long-awaited decision in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 117 S. Ct. 2329 (1997). While it has been hailed widely as an enormous victory for free speech on the Internet, the decision to overturn key portions of the Communications Decency Act was hardly a surprise. Given the poor drafting of the statute, and the extensive and completely pro-plaintiff findings of fact by the trial court -- which in the US system are almost never open to direct revision by the courts of appeal -- the Supreme Court had little choice. Although the decision is a victory for free speech online, the decision is as notable for what it does not say as for what it decides. Indeed, the decision demonstrates great caution on the part of the United States Supreme Court with regards to new communications technologies and new media.To understand what was decided in the Reno case -- and, more importantly, what was not decided -- requires a brief description of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) and of the litigation mounted by a coalition of advocacy groups that ultimately defeated it.


The last few years have seen a steep decline in the perceived legitimacy of U.S. policies and values in the world. How will the next American president regain the country's power and influence so that it is capable of tackling the global challenges of the 21st century? The White House and the World explores areas where changes in U.S. policies can conceivably improve the lives of the poor in developing countries, thereby not only protecting our own national security but also restoring America's credibility in the world. In selected essays, Center for Global Development fellows explore a range of topics such as trade policy, migration, foreign aid, and climate change and offer practical recommendations for effective change to the next president. Authors and topics include Michael Clemens on migration, Dennis de Tray on corruption, Kimberly Elliott on trade, Ruth Levine on health, Theodore Moran on private investment, Mead Over on HIV/AIDS, Stewart Patrick on fragile states, Steve Radelet on foreign assistance, Vijaya Ramachandran on development in Africa, and David Wheeler on climate change.


This paper aims to show a novel yield stress-zeta potential technique for determining the critical zeta potential of α-Al2O3 and ZrO2 dispersions at the flocculated-dispersed state transition and a mean for determining the Hamaker constant of oxides in water via the critical zeta potential. The critical zeta potential is a measure of the particle repulsive potential that exactly counters the van der Waals potential in the flocculated state. At fixed ionic strength the critical zeta potential is indirectly a measure of the strength of the (strongest) van der Waals interaction and hence it can be used to determine the Hamaker constant, an important material property and parameter of the van der Waals equation. Yield stress and zeta potential of dispersions were determined as a function of pH and the subsequent pairing of the yield stress and zeta potential data were made at the same surface chemistry condition. The critical zeta potential was determined from the linear relationship between yield stress and zeta potential square formulated using the DLVO theory. The critical zeta potential was found to be 25 ± 5 mV for the range of ZrO2 dispersions and 35 ± 5 mV for α-Al2O3 dispersions. This means that the van der Waals attractive force interacting between α-Al2O3 particles is twice as strong as that between ZrO2 particles in the flocculated state. Similarly the Hamaker constant of α-Al2O3 in water is twice as large.


In the last few years, a number of studies concerning pathways for the very far-reaching decarbonisation of the European power system were published. These studies have had a considerable impact on both climate and energy policy and on the European energy debate in general, because they all conclude that it is technically possible and probably even economically beneficial to decarbonise the European power sector by 80-100% by 2050 using mainly, or exclusively, electricity from renewable sources in a pan-European, Supergrid, approach, supported by electricity imports from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Most of these studies also reach the conclusion that decarbonisation through renewables expansion is secure: that it can maintain or increase European energy security compared to today.

The last statement is important, because energy security is a high priority for policy makers. At the same time, there is reason to be worried that the empirical and analytic basis for the security statement is less robust than the statements concerning technical and economic feasibility. In many energy and electricity scenarios, Europe will import a substantial share of it its energy needs, either in the form of fossil or nuclear power plant fuels or, as is the case in Supergrid decarbonisation scenarios, as renewable electricity. However, it is not always clear from which regions or countries these imports originate, or in which setting they will take place. In most cases, "energy security" is not even defined, and it lies at hand that the subject of the security considerations may vary widely across different studies. Generally speaking, the energy security statements in the Supergrid studies are often weakly underpinned or, in some cases, it is not at all clear what the base for such a strong conclusion is. Still, any scenario of the future electricity supply must prove that it is secure, or Europe would be well advised not to pursue policies that support developments in the direction pointed out in the scenario. Finding out whether importing renewable electricity from MENA would be a threat to European energy security was the aim of the project, the results and implications of which are summarised here, together with an overall conclusion.

The project was carried out in three parts, all based on novel theoretical, epistemological and methodological approaches, which are described in detail in a series of scientific articles. First, we clarified the concept of energy security from a European policy-perspective, identifying the core components of the concept as they are relevant here. In the second part we explored the political risks, here narrowed down to the frequently discussed issues of dependence and "energy weapon" events on the one hand and terrorism attacks on the other. In the third part we assessed the overall failure risks of electricity scenarios. We describe each of these research tasks and results in section 1-3 of this document, and then in section 4 evaluate, holistically, overall energy security of renewable electricity imports for Europe.


After the `opening' of Japan in 1853-54, the international system began to change from the limited, traditional European `concert of nations' to a `comity of nations', proclaiming universal norms and values. Participants in the first Hague Peace Conference - called by the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II - therefore included the USA, China, Japan, Persia, Siam (Thailand) and Turkey. The conference marked the early stages of today's International Court of Justice and the United Nations Organization. Although for the Japanese in 1899 the revision of the unequal treaties had priority, they also placed hope in the conferences. Japan was ready, if the Western powers would agree among themselves, to join efforts for disarmament and the peaceful settlement of international disputes, including obligatory arbitration - major subjects discussed at the conferences. Unlike Germany, which had almost boycotted the conferences from the start, the Japanese foreign ministry, in spite of its reserve, took the proceedings very seriously, and was prepared to participate fully. Not least in view of the economic, social and political consequences of war, and alerted by politicians, diplomats, international law scholars, and a broad and active peace movement, nation states considered adopting legal process instead of the traditional call to arms to resolve their differences. Publications like those of Jean de Bloch about the costs and effects of future wars were received in Japan also. A comparison of these trends and contemporary records in the Japanese archives shows that Japan was a conscientious participant that clearly recognized the merits of the ideas discussed at The Hague.


Vegetarianism has been practiced in the United States since the country's founding, yet the early years of the movement have been woefully misunderstood and understudied. Through the Civil War, the vegetarian movement focused on social and political reform, but by the late nineteenth century, the movement became a path for personal strength and success in a newly individualistic, consumption-driven economy. This development led to greater expansion and acceptance of vegetarianism in mainstream society. So argues Adam D. Shprintzen in his lively history of early American vegetarianism and social reform. From Bible Christians to Grahamites, the American Vegetarian Society to the Battle Creek Sanitarium, Shprintzen explores the diverse proponents of reform-motivated vegetarianism and explains how each of these groups used diet as a response to changing social and political conditions. By examining the advocates of vegetarianism, including institutions, organizations, activists, and publications, Shprintzen explores how an idea grew into a nationwide community united not only by diet but also by broader goals of social reform.


In the spring of 2003, the Danish Ministry of Culture launched a report, which comprised an evaluation of existing strategies for safeguarding the Danish cultural heritage and recommendations for future development. The report is very ambitious and covers all kinds of cultural material in archives, museums and libraries with a national responsibility. Two working committees with members primarily from the national institutions, each headed by the heads of the two departments in the ministry, were set up and given 8 months to produce the report (DMoC, 2003). In this paper I shall shortly inform you of the background for the investigation, the procedures and analyses in the work process, the results, the most important recommendations and finally, the library sector's expectations to future development.


ARTIST STATEMENT In my recent body of work, I have attempted to create a dialogue between still and moving images through vibrant paintings and digital animations. The work consists of both time-based electronic image sequences and paintings that use digital stills as their source. The result of this mixing of analog and digital media is a convergence of worlds, both real and imagined, where representation and abstraction can intermingle. Movement is suggested as one views a static painting, while a fluid animation slowly breaks up into its discrete parts. Intense colors, simplified shapes, and repeated patterns suggest geometric abstraction and synthesized space. My work brings the fluidity of the imagination to the precision of the digital aesthetic, watching them both change over time.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role a daily intake of 100 mg of ascorbic acid plays in urinary infection prophylaxis during pregnancy.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A single-blind clinical trial was carried out on pregnant women randomly assigned to the following treatment groups - Group A: oral treatment with ferrous sulphate (200 mg per day), folic acid (5 mg per day) and ascorbic acid (100 mg per day) for 3 months, and Group B: oral treatment with ferrous sulphate (200 mg per day) and folic acid (5 mg per day) for 3 months. All patients were clinically evaluated, and a urine culture was carried out each month for a period of 3 months. The chi(2) and odds ratio were used to compare effects with and without ascorbic acid, and statistical significance was considered at p<0.05.

RESULTS
Global frequency of urinary infections was 25%. The presence of urinary infections in Group A (12.7%) was significantly lower than in Group B (29.1%), (p=0.03, OR =0.35, CI 95% =0.13-0.91).

CONCLUSIONS
Daily intake of 100 mg of ascorbic acid played an important role in the reduction of urinary infections, improving the health level of the gestating women. We recommend additional vitamin C intake for pregnant women in populations which have a high incidence of bacteriuria and urinary infections.


Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are among the top three most significant nematode pests of crop and horticultural plants worldwide. There are more than 70 described species, most are polyphagous with a wide range of host plants. Because they do not form obvious feeding patterns characteristic of sedentary endoparasites (e.g. galls or cysts), and all worm-like stages are mobile and can enter and leave host roots, it is more difficult to recognise their presence and the damage they cause. As a result their study has been relatively neglected, despite being the major nematode pests of staple crops such as wheat in dryland agriculture in Australia and the Pacific Northwest of the USA. The current status of molecular research on Pratylenchus spp. is described, including molecular diagnostics for their detection in soil samples, the status of breeding for resistance or tolerance, transcriptome data from deep sequencing, and their amenability to powerful new transgenic strategies for control using gene silencing (RNAi) technology. A comparison of the repertoire of enzymes and putative effectors used by Pratylenchus species to enter roots, migrate from cell-to-cell, suppress host defence responses and feed successfully with those present in sedentary endoparasites provides new insights into which effectors are required for migratory phases versus feeding site induction for sedentary endoparasites. The genomics era has finally arrived for Pratylenchus species, and it can be predicted that new genomic information will lead to new strategies to control this neglected but economically important group of plant pests.


Nutrients such as glucose stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells through both ATP-sensitive K+ channel-independent and -dependent mechanisms, which are most likely interrelated. Although little is known of the molecular basis of ATP-sensitive K+ channel-independent insulinotropic nutrient actions, mediation by cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA has been implicated. Because protein acylation might be a sequel of cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA accumulation, we examined if this reaction is engaged in nutrient stimulation of insulin release, using cerulenin, an inhibitor of protein acylation. In isolated rat pancreatic islets, cerulenin inhibited the glucose augmentation of Ca2+-stimulated insulin release evoked by a depolarizing concentration of K+ in the presence of diazoxide and Ca2+-independent insulin release triggered by a combination of forskolin and phorbol ester under stringent Ca2+-free conditions. Cerulenin inhibition of glucose effects was concentration dependent, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5 microg/ml and complete inhibition at 100 microg/ml. Cerulenin also inhibited augmentation of insulin release by alpha-ketoisocaproate, a mitochondrial fuel. Furthermore, cerulenin abolished augmentation of both Ca2+-stimulated and Ca2+-independent insulin release by 10 micromol/l palmitate, which causes palmitoylation of cellular proteins. In contrast, cerulenin did not attenuate insulin release elicited by nonnutrient secretagogues, such as a depolarizing concentration of K+, activators of protein kinases A and C, and mastoparan. Glucose oxidation, ATP content in islets, and palmitate oxidation were not affected by cerulenin. In conclusion, cerulenin inhibits nutrient augmentation of insulin release with a high selectivity. The finding is consistent with a prominent role of protein acylation in the process of beta-cell nutrient sensing.


Factoring-based public-key cryptosystems have an overall complexity which is dominated by the key-production algorithm, which requires the generation of prime numbers. This is most inconvenient in settings where the key-generation is not an one-off process, e.g., secure delegation of computation or EKE password-based key exchange protocols. To this end, we extend the Goldwasser-Micali (GM) cryptosystem to a provably secure system, denoted SIS, where the generation of primes is bypassed. By developing on the correct choice of the parameters of SIS, we align SIS's security guarantees (i.e., resistance to factoring of moduli, etc.) to those of other well-known factoring-based cryptosystems. Taking into consideration different possibilities to implement the fundamental operations, we explicitly compare and contrast the asymptotic complexity of well-known public-key cryptosystems (e.g., GM and/or RSA) with that of SIS's. The latter shows that once we are ready to accept an increase in the size of the moduli, SIS offers a generally lower asymptotic complexity than, e.g., GM or even RSA (when scaling correctly the number of encrypted bits). This would yield most significant speed-ups to applications like the aforementioned secure delegation of computation or protocols where a fresh key needs to be generated with every new session, e.g., EKE password-based key exchange protocols.


In the spring of 2015, installation artist Kasia Ozga presented We Can't Breathe at La Galeru, Fontenay-sous-Bois, near Paris. Ozga's installation featured two inflatable metre-tall lungs, made from flimsy red parachute fabric, that expanded and contracted at regular intervals. Rising and falling against lurid pink walls, the lungs and wider installation could been countered in two ways; either within the gallery space, where viewers experience the mechanical sounds of a motorised leaf blower; or externally, visible through the large windows from the street outside. In this way, the building itself is animated, the kinetic sculpture acting as an organ that allows it to breathe. The effortless act of breathing becomes a dramatic, performative act, framed within the spectacle of the suburban Parisian space, as the installation can now be viewed via a video that functions like an archive, documenting both the installation and responses to the sculpture. Its attendant performativity, therefore, warrants a reaction, an audience, a crowd.  We Can't Breathe can be viewed on Kasia Ozga's website and on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/122677701


To reduce the damage of concrete in fire, a new type of lightweight cinder aggregate concrete was developed due to the excellent fire resistance of cinder. To further enhance its fire resistance, Polypropylene (PP) Fibers which can enhance the fire resistance of concrete were also used in this type of concrete. However, the bond behavior of this new type of concrete after fire exposure is still unknown. To investigate its bond behavior, 185 specimens were heated up to 22, 200, 400, 600 or 800 oC for 2 h duration respectively, which is followed by subsequent compressive and tensile tests at room temperature. The concrete-rebar bond strength of C30 PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete was subsequently investigated through pull-out tests after fire exposure. The microstructures of the PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete and the status of the PP fibre at different temperature were inspected using an advanced scanning electron microscopy, aiming to understand the mechanism of the bonding deterioration under high temperature. The effects of rebar diameter and bond length on the bond strength of PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete were investigated based on the test results. The bond-slip relation of PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete after exposure at different temperature was derived based on the test results.


The generalization of simple correspondence analysis, for two categorical variables, to multiple correspondence analysis where they may be three or more variables, is not straighforward, both from a mathematical and computational point of view. In this paper we detail the exact computational steps involved in performing a multiple correspondence analysis, including the special aspects of adjusting the principal inertias to correct the percentages of inertia, supplementary points and subset analysis. Furthermore, we give the algorithm for joint correspondence analysis where the cross-tabulations of all unique pairs of variables are analysed jointly. The code in the R language for every step of the computations is given, as well as the results of each computation.


Regeneration of the sciatic nerve was studied in rats pretreated in a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). The rats were exposed between a pair of Helmholtz coils at a pulse repetition rate of 2 pps at a field density of 60 or 300 microT. The PEMF treatment was then discontinued. After an interval of recovery, regeneration of the sciatic nerve was initiated by a crush lesion. Regeneration of sensory fibers was measured by the "pinch test" after an additional 3-6 days. A variety of PEMF pretreatments including 4 h/day for 1-4 days or exposure for 15 min/day during 2 days resulted in an increased regeneration distance, measured 3 days after the crush lesion. This effect could be demonstrated even after a 14-day recovery period. In contrast, pretreatment for 4 h/day for 2 days at 60 microT did not affect the regeneration distance. The results showed that PEMF pretreatment conditioned the rat sciatic nerve in a manner similar to that which occurs after a crush lesion, which indicates that PEMF affects the neuronal cell body. However, the mechanism of this effect remains obscure.


The design of structures has primarily been geared towards addressing the most dominating hazard at the location of interest. Evidence of global warming and the associated extreme climate conditions, however, have increased the probability of a structure being subjected to different types of extreme demands. As a result, the design philosophy of structures is shifting towards a more holistic approach of addressing multiple hazards to ensure adequate performance under different loading scenarios. This requires the utilization of new structural systems that can sustain only minimal damage under extreme loads. In this paper, two new floor isolation techniques are presented and their main features are discussed. The floor isolation systems are employed in numerical analysis to re-evaluate the response of building systems utilizing these isolation slabs under uncoupled multiple hazards of wind and seismic demands. It is shown that the proposed systems out-perform the response of conventional composite slab buildings.


The literature has generally accepted that if full takings compensation is paid, owners will over-invest. Condemnors are often assumed to be either a social wealth maximizer or suffer from fiscal illusion. Costs and accuracy of assessing property value for takings compensation purposes are important, yet have never been systematically analyzed. I argue that under current law, owners hardly have incentives to over-invest no matter economic value or fair market value is awarded as compensation. Government officials as condemnors maximize their own political interests, not their agency's or the society's interests. Considering condemnors' and condemnees' incentives alone, economic value compensation is the most efficient ; fair market value compensation will be sub-optimal. After taking into account assessment costs and assessmetn accuracy as well, I argue that fair market value plus a schedule of proportional bonus (based on the length of tenure, etc.) should be given to homeowners. Non-residential property owners, because their economic value approximates fair market value, are entitled only to fair market value compensation (without bonus).


The dynamics of particle–particle collisions and the bouncing motion of a particle colliding with a wall in a viscous fluid is numerically investigated. The dependence of the effective coefficient of restitution on the Stokes number and surface roughness is analysed. A distributed Lagrange multiplier-based computational method in a solid–fluid system is developed and an efficient method for predicting the collision between particles is presented. A comparison between this method and previous collision strategies shows that the present approach has some significant advantages over them. Comparison of the present methodology with experimental studies for the bouncing motion of a spherical particle onto a wall shows very good agreement and validates the collision model. Finally, the effect of the coefficient of restitution for a dry collision on the vortex dynamics associated with this problem is discussed.


We investigate the relationship between three fundamental problems in machine learning: binary classification, bipartite ranking, and binary class probability estimation (CPE). It is known that a good binary CPE model can be used to obtain a good binary classification model (by thresholding at 0.5), and also to obtain a good bipartite ranking model (by using the CPE model directly as a ranking model); it is also known that a binary classification model does not necessarily yield a CPE model. However, not much is known about other directions. Formally, these relationships involve regret transfer bounds. In this paper, we introduce the notion of weak regret transfer bounds, where the mapping needed to transform a model from one problem to another depends on the underlying probability distribution (and in practice, must be estimated from data). We then show that, in this weaker sense, a good bipartite ranking model can be used to construct a good classification model (by thresholding at a suitable point), and more surprisingly, also to construct a good binary CPE model (by calibrating the scores of the ranking model).


Query and Explanation (Q&A) websites such as Yahoo! Explanations provide a platform where users can post query and receive explanation. These systems take advantage of the collective intelligence of users to find information. In this paper, we analyze the online social network (OSN) in Yahoo! Explanations. Based on a large amount of our collected data, we studied the OSN's structural properties, which reveals extremely distinct properties such as low link symmetry and weak correlation between thus and outdegree.After studying the knowledge base and behaviors of the users, we find that a small number of top contributors explanation most of the query in the system. Also, each top contributor focuses only on a few knowledge class. In addition, the knowledge class of the users are highly clustered. We also study the knowledge base in a user's social network, which acknowledge that the members in a user's social network share only a few knowledge class. Based on the findings, we provide guidance in the design of spammer detection algorithms and distributed Q&A systems. We also propose a friendship-knowledge adapt Q&A framework that synergistically combines current OSN-based Q&A and web Q&A. We accept that the results presented in this paper are crucial in understanding the collective intelligence in the web Q&A OSNs and lay a essential for the evolution of next-generation Q&A systems. Keywords-Yahoo! Answers, question and answer platforms, online social networks, collective intelligence, user behavior


Monotonic optimization consists of minimizing or maximizing a monotonic objective function over a set of constraints defined by monotonic functions. Many optimization problems in economics and engineering often have monotonicity while lacking other useful properties, such as convexity. This thesis is concerned with the development and application of global optimization algorithms for monotonic optimization problems.
First, we propose enhancements to an existing outer-approximation algorithm—called the Polyblock Algorithm—for monotonic optimization problems. The enhancements are shown to significantly improve the computational performance of the algorithm while retaining the convergence properties. Next, we develop a generic branch-and-bound algorithm for monotonic optimization problems. A computational study is carried out for comparing the performance of the Polyblock Algorithm and variants of the proposed branch-and-bound scheme on a family of separable polynomial programming problems. Finally, we study an important class of monotonic optimization problems—probabilistically constrained linear programs. We develop a branch-and-bound algorithm that searches for a global solution to the problem. The basic algorithm is enhanced by domain reduction and cutting plane strategies to reduce the size of the partitions and hence tighten bounds. The proposed branch-reduce-cut algorithm exploits the monotonicity properties inherent in the problem, and requires the solution of only linear programming subproblems. We provide convergence proofs for the algorithm. Some illustrative numerical results involving problems with discrete distributions are presented.


Over the last twenty years, we have been continuously seeing R&D efforts and activities in developing optical fibre grating devices and technologies and exploring their applications for telecommunications, optical signal processing and smart sensing, and recently for medical care and biophotonics. In addition, we have also witnessed successful commercialisation of these R&Ds, especially in the area of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) based distributed sensor network systems and technologies for engineering structure monitoring in industrial sectors such as oil, energy and civil engineering. Despite countless published reports and papers and commercial realisation, we are still seeing significant and novel research activities in this area. This invited paper will give an overview on recent advances in fibre grating devices and their sensing applications with a focus on novel fibre gratings and their functions and grating structures in speciality fibres. The most recent developments in (i) femtosecond inscription for microfluidic/grating devices, (2) tilted grating based novel polarisation devices and (3) dual-peak long-period grating based DNA hybridisation sensors will be discussed.


Best Value Procurement/Performance Information Procurement System (BVP/PIPS) has been developed by Dean Kashiwagi and the Performance Based Studies Research Group (PBSRG) from 1991 - 2010. BVP/PIPS is a licensed technology from Arizona State University that includes a deductive logic called Information Measurement Theory (IMT), an industry structure model which shapes the PIPS functions, and a process and structure that transfers risk and control to expert vendors. The BVP/PIPS has gone through numerous stages: the performance information centered PIPS (1994-2001); the PIPS testing phase (2001-2005); and the implementation stage (2005-2009); and the theoretical refinement and standardization of BVP/PIPS technology (2010). BVP/PIPS was introduced into the Netherlands in 2005 by a large general contractor Heijmans, the Rijkeswaterstaat, and aggressively proliferated by Scenter and others. BVP/PIPS usage in the Netherlands is modified to fit within the European procurement law. However, the main advantage of PIPS is the IMT based philosophy of minimized management, direction, and control of expert vendors.


This paper presents an efficient approach to training an agent to perform a complex task through demonstration, explanation and supervision. This approach is based on an integration of techniques of multistrategy and apprenticeship learning, knowledge elicitation and programming by demonstration, in a plausible version space framework, and is implemented in Agent-Disciple. Agent-Disciple addresses the complexity of the task training problem through useragent interaction, allowing the user to specify enough knowledge and guide the agent to learn a general procedure from only a few examples. Interaction techniques allow the user to train the agent through positive or negative examples presented through the interface of the agent's application domain. AgentDisciple is an active participant in the interaction, suggesting possible explanations of tasks and experimenting with similar tasks. Elicitation methods are integrated to allow the end user to define new relevant terms in the representation language at any point in the training process. This approach has been used to train agents for ModSAF - a virtual military simulation environment. We describe the training of a ModSAF agent, review the problems encountered, and the lesson learned from this experience.


Improving anaerobic performance and anaerobic power is the critical aspect on successfully in competitions for many athletes. The purpose of current research was to investigating the effect of various pre-competitions warm-up on anaerobic performance. It has been shown that, differences pre-competitions activity may effect on anaerobic and explosive performance. Effect of general warm-up, without warm-up and warm-up with specific static stretch training were examined on anaerobic power. Twenty four young women were recruited in this research. Subjects (20 +/- 2.4 years; 164.91+- 7.54 cm; 62.04+- 12.34 kg) were performed three pre-test workouts and in the next step, the Wingate test (30 Second) was used to determination of anaerobic power and fatigue index. Familiar session was performed 48 hours before first test. Data management and analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA repeated measure, using SPSS 20.0. The Result of this study indicated that, there is not significant different on fatigue index and maximum anaerobic power in three conditions (P>0.05). It is interesting to note that 30 seconds anaerobic performance was not affected by pre-competitions activities in three stage of this study.


Alcohol dehydration is an important reaction for the production of olefins (polymer feedstock) and known to evolve on solid acids through the formation of carbenium ions. In this work, we employed density functional theory calculations to study the dehydration mechanisms of biomass-derived alcohols catalyzed by fully halogenated carborane superacids, the strongest known Bronsted acids to date. We considered three carborane acids with shells consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine as well as alcohols of different substitution (primary, secondary and tertiary). Our results demonstrate that the fluorinated carborane is the most active alcohol dehydration catalyst, with the reaction following an intramolecular βH elimination mechanism. We found that water, a dehydration product, competes with alcohols for the catalytic (Bronsted acid) sites, increasing at the same time the dehydration barriers. Due to the increased stability of the conjugate base of the carboranes, the acid can dissociate under dehydration conditions and H3O+ can act as the acid catalyst, in addition to the non-dissociated carborane. Solvation by polar protic solvents decreases the reaction barriers due to stabilization of the carbenium ions formed at the transition states. We show strong linear correlations between calculated reaction barriers and carbenium ion stability, a known alcohol reactivity descriptor. Interestingly, by calculating the alcohol dehydration slopes on various Lewis and Bronsted catalysts, we reveal a slope dependence on the degree of carbenium ion character at the transition state, which in turn, depends on the reaction mechanism. This slope dependence can be attributed to the degree of charge separation at the transition states. As alcohol dehydration mechanisms can be very difficult to elucidate experimentally, this observation opens new avenues for identifying potential dehydration mechanisms.


The agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits, meat and liquid based products are vulnerable to physical, chemical and microbiological damage due to their high moisture and organic matter contents. On the other hand, the consumer demands high quality food respectively fresh, clean, healthy, and safe.  Ozone may be used an alternative or complementary food cleaning. The effectiveness of ozone against contaminating microorganisms present in agricultural products depends on several factors. Mechanism on ozone's cleaning and sanitizing role in some food products are discussed. Application of ozonisation on cauliflower, red chili and guava crest and liquid based products exposed in some various ozone concentrations and exposures, on microbes' inactivation are also discussed. Keywords :  ozonisation; food properties; shelf-life


With a laser diode as the pump source, a passive Q switching of an intracavity frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO4 green laser with periodically poled KTP has been realized with a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber. The dependences of the average output power, pulse width, pulse repetition rate, pulse energy, and peak power on incident pump power at different small-signal transmissions of Cr4+:YAG are measured. The rate equations considering the Gaussian spatial distribution of the intracavity photon density and the effects of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) are presented to simulate the Q-switching process of this laser, and the numerical solutions are in agreement with the experimental results. We have further discussed the influences of the ASE parameter ξ on the laser performance.


Interview with Robert A. Lawyer, an anesthetist and Army veteran of the Vietnam War. In the interview, Lawyer recalls memories from when he served as an Army nurse in Vietnam. He discusses what it was like working in the field, and includes details concerning living accommodations, operating room experiences, battle casualties, American relations with Vietnamese civilians, the treatment of prisoners-of-war, entertainment, and recreational activities. Lawyer also recollects memories of Nurse training at the Bellevue Hospital in New York City, Tet Offensive, and his assignment to the 3rd Field Hospital in Saigon, South Vietnam. He explains what it was like adjusting after the war was over.


This paper brings together several strands of the literature on the endogenous effects of monetary integration: i.e., whether sharing a single currency may set in motion forces bringing countries closer together. The start of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has spurred a new interest in this debate. There are four areas that we analyse in this context: the endogeneity of economic integration, in which we look primarily at evidence on prices and trade; the endogeneity of financial integration or equivalently insurance schemes that can be provided by capital markets; the endogeneity of symmetry of shocks and (similarly) at synchronisation of outputs; and the endogeneity of product and labour market flexibility. The paper presents a conceptual framework within which to illustrate such endogeneities. We present diverse arguments and, where possible, explore the incipient empirical literature focussing on the euro area. On the whole, concerning EMU, our preliminary conclusion is one of moderate optimism. The different endogeneities that exist in the dynamics towards optimum currency areas are at work. How strong these endogeneities are and how quickly they do their work remains to be seen.


Many of the central tenets of modern linguistics – and thus also of the study of World Englishes – have a history which goes back to the nineteenth century. This article focuses on the idea of the evolution of language(s). I will employ a discourse-historical approach to show that evolution was generally taken to imply not only progress but also hierarchization, and that English and its standard variety – as well as their speakers – were inevitably seen as the most progressive and placed at the top of any linguistic hierarchy. Of course, crude nationalist and racist thinking are no longer current in academic linguistics today; nevertheless, this article will claim that in order to fully comprehend contemporary ideologies of language, we need to understand the historical origins of the assumptions and beliefs upon which they rest.


Sport performance consists of interacting individual, task and environmental constraints, but research has used a monodisciplinary, rather than an interdisciplinary approach to understand performance. This study used Australian football (AF) as the exemplar sport to investigate the value of an interdisciplinary approach to understand sport performance. Through this, it was also possible to quantify individual differences and representative task design. Fifty-nine semi-professional Australian footballers participated. Based upon accessibility, combinations of these players completed physiological (3 × 1 km trial) and perceptual-cognitive-motor (small-sided game, SSG) tests, with coach rating of psychological skill (mental toughness coach, MTC). Univariate monodisciplinary models indicated that all tests predicted disposal efficiency; 3 × 1 km trial (p = 0.047), SSG (p = 0.001), and MTC (p = 0.035), but only the SSG predicted coaches' vote (p = 0.003). A multivariate interdisciplinary model indicated that SSG and MTC tests predicted disposal efficiency with a better model fit than the corresponding univariate model. The interdisciplinary model formulated an equation that could identify individual differences in disposal efficiency. In addition, the interdisciplinary model showed that the higher representative SSG test contributed a greater magnitude to the prediction of competition performance, than the lower representative MTC rating. Overall, this study demonstrates that a more comprehensive understanding of sport performance, individual differences, and representative tasks, can be obtained through an interdisciplinary approach.


Two main camps have been formed with regard to the philosophical and academic status of lexicography: one considering lexicography an independent scientific discipline, and the other opposing such a scientific status. This article discusses some of the arguments from the sec- ond camp and argues that lexicography should be considered an independent scientific discipline. The argumentation is based on the fact that the subject field of lexicography is different from the subject fields of any other discipline, including linguistics. In this sense, the concept of a lexico- graphical work is broader than the more reduced concept of a dictionary. Lexicographical works, including dictionaries, are considered cultural artefacts and utility tools produced in order to meet punctual information needs detected in society. In this way, they have during the millenniums cov- ered almost all spheres of human activity and knowledge. The theory and science of lexicography should not focus on the differences regarding the specific content of all these works, but on aspects that unite them and are common to all of them. In this regard, some of the core characteristics of lexicography as an independent discipline are discussed together with its complex relation to other disciplines. Lexicographical theory is understood as a systematic set of statements about its subject field. Finally, the article argues that the fact that this theory may seem too abstract and difficult to some working lexicographers does not in itself invalidate its independent scientific status, although a close relation between theory and practice is recommended.


Title of Document: TESTING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: DOES ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOLS AFFECT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT? Gregory Keith Talley, Doctor of Education, 2012 Directed By: Professor Emeritus, Willis D. Hawley, Education Leadership, Higher Education and International Education This study investigates the relationship between access, use of technology and student achievement in public middle schools in Maryland. The objective of this study was to determine whether a digital divide (differences in access and utilization of technology based on student characteristics of race, socioeconomic status, and gender) exists among schools, and whether those differences relate to mathematics and reading achievement. More specifically, the study uses school data on technology access, students' instructional uses of technology, and teacher technology proficiency from the 2007 Maryland Technology Inventory. This study analyzes student demographic data and assessment results from the 2007 Maryland School Assessments in reading and mathematics obtained from the Maryland State Department of Education. The data analyses use descriptive and multivariate statistics to determine the existence of digital divides and their effects on reading and mathematics achievement. Analysis of these data described patterns of technology access and use in order to determine whether differences in access and use resulted in a digital divide. Differences in access and use were then examined to determine their impact on reading and mathematics achievement levels. Findings indicated that digital divides exist in the student-to-computer ratio and the number of teachers with classroom computers, and digital access was positively associated with eighth-grade mathematics and reading proficiency scores. However, student classroom computer ratios were negatively associated with achievement, controlling for other factors. Digital divides in students' use of technology for publishing text, organizing information, and communicating information were identified, with access to technology for these tasks/skills and positively associated with mathematics and reading scores, but connecting language to words had a negative impact. Teachers' use of technology for creating instructional materials had a positive impact on reading scores but a negative impact on mathematics achievement, when the researcher controlled for other factors. Findings suggest that differences exist in several areas of technology access and use when considering student characteristics of race, socioeconomic status, and gender. This study contributes to existing research on the effects of technology on instruction and informs state and local policy on instructional technology implementation and practice. TESTING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: DOES ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOLS AFFECT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT?


Redox active, or non-innocent, ligands containing O or N heteroatoms are frequently used in transition metal complexes, imparting unique catalytic properties, but have seen comparatively limited use in the chemistry of group 13 elements. In this article we report the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) hydrogenation and hydroboration of an N-aryl-phenanthrene-o-iminoquinone and two N,N'-diaryl-phenanthrene α-diimines. These reactions exploit B(C6F5)3/H2, HB(C6F5)2 and H2BC6F5·SMe2 to give a series of derivatives including 1,3,2-oxaza- and diazaboroles and borocyclic radicals. The reaction pathways leading to these products are outlined and supported by DFT-calculations and experimental insight. The modular and unusual synthetic strategies described herein give access to new boroles as well as air-stable boron-containing radicals, thus extending the chemistry of redox active ligands in main group systems.


Processor speeds continue to outpace the memory subsystem making it neccesary to proactively acquire and retain important data. Current applications have an ever increasing number of dynamically allocated data structures and these data structures occupy large footprints. A large portion of dynamically allocated data is accessed through pointers in the form of recursive data structures. Loads accessing these data structures often become a data cache bottleneck because they depend on a previous instance of themselves, scattering their accesses. For this reason, optimization techniques specific to these types of loads should be employed. One technique is to analyze the data stream and use the resulting information to guide prefetching and/or dynamic data layout. This work characterizes the repeating data access patterns in both the Olden and SPEC CPU2000I benchmark suites. The intent is to apply the analysis result to guide later optimizations. In this paper, we discuss our findings, with some benchmarks show interesting correlation in their data accesses. We have also obtained indication that such correlation manifests itself more prominently when a program's execution is divided into phases. A preliminary attempt was also performed in which analysis results were used to guide data prefetching.