An ongoing program of beach nourishment at Hampton Beach, Hampton, New Hampshire is a success and has resulted in long term use of a recreational facility at one of the most popular resorts in New England. For almost 60 years the Army Corps of Engineers, in conjunction with the state of New Hampshire, has been studying, monitoring and designing nourishment projects at Hampton Beach, part of a sandy barrier beach fronting a wide salt marsh. The Army Corps of Engineers noted in 1933 that the beach was eroding and the inlet into Hampton Harbor was unstable and migrating. The two problems of beach erosion and inlet stability cited in this early report are still present and serve as the fundamental problem statement of Hampton Beach. Strong state and Federal interest in preserving the area led to the stabilization of the harbor inlet and successful periodic nourishment of the beach. This paper concludes that the primary reason for the success is that the nourishment program is simple and is based upon natural dynamic equilibrium processes ongoing at the site.


Pipe bursting is a well-established method widely used for trenchless replacement of existing pipe with new pipe of equal or greater diameter. This manual provides the best and latest practices for the design and construction of pipelines using pipe bursting methods, with a special focus on building pipelines under roads, railroads, and streets. This new manual will be useful for new and experienced engineers as it covers both introductory and advanced topics, including history, recent innovations, documentation, typical applications, and terminology from the planning through construction phases. Utility owners, contractors, and any other professionals involved in pipeline construction will also benefit.


Attempts to examine the events leading up to Sulla's death in an attempt to see whether any symptoms of a medically diagnosable disease can be discerned in the various accounts of that death. Does this by building up a medical case history of Sulla's life and supplementing it with medical case histories of his immediate kin. Avoids the desperate expedient of asserting that Plutarch and his sources are talking nonsense about Sulla's death


The advantages that can be realized through the use of a high current dc arc for the emission spectrographic analysis of ashed biological materials are presented. The method described utilizes 5–10 mg of ash per analysis and provides detection limits between 1 and 50 parts per billion (on the original dry weight basis) for a large number of elements. The precision estimates of the method, based on four replicate analyses, are generally better than ±20% and comparative analyses suggest that the accuracies are within these limits. Data is presented which supports the possibility of using a single analytical curve for several different types of ashed biological materials.


The goal of this report is to identify the operation and implementation issues associated with the introduction of the secure form of the Inter-control Center Communications Protocol, or ICCP, formally referred to as IEC 60870-6-TASE.2, into the utility infrastructure. The report provides considerations and recommendations to assist a utility owner to advance the security of the utility's data exchange operations. The report starts with a description of information assurance, and then discusses end node authentication and Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) using Certificate Authority (CA) certificates. Network infrastructures and protocols associated with ICCP are reviewed, assessed, and modeled to identify the impact of these structures and protocols to the efficient delivery of ICCP data. The report highlights certificate management and implementation issues and discusses some of the transitional issues and strategies to overcome security limitations during the introduction phase of Secure ICCP. Finally the report provides some performance measurement data of the configuration impacts of using security layers to provide Secure ICCP implementations. Secure ICCP Integration Considerations and Recommendations


Indian democracy allows citizens to choose their ruler by using their democratic rights of Universal Adult Franchise. However, they all cannot freely choose their representative due to many obligations from their leaders, community, and groups to which they belong. The study of electoral politics helps us to understand determinants of the voting behaviour of individual or community. The participation of religious minorities in electoral politics increases significantly, elections after elections, and their share in governance has increased only marginally. Among the Minorities, Muslims are the vulnerable section of Society and under-represented in India's legislative bodies and political process and the state of Tripura. Tracing the position of Muslim minorities in the electoral politics of Tripura, the findings observe that Muslims are politically less aware due to many socio-economic problems and the terrible intention of some political parties for using Muslims as vote bank without concerning the development of the communities. In this background, the present study is an attempt to understand the role of Muslim Minorities in the electoral politics of Tripura. It also examines the issues and factors that influence the Muslims' political behaviour during elections in Tripura. Article History: Submitted on 20th Jun 2020 | Accepted on 13th Feb 2021| Published online on 04 Jun 2021


Summary and Conclusions
It seems reasonable to draw the following conclusions from the Cuba experiment and its background;
1.
Female calls of wild-caught anophelines obtained from a cattle trap such as A. albimanus can be recorded, and a re-recorded test record obtained of sufficiently good quality to be effective for sound-baiting a trap to catch males of the same species.
2.
The calls which seem of lowest pitch as judged by the human ear are seemingly the most effective for calling the males.
3.
The female calls used are not sine-wave in shape but are quite complex, and are not audible ordinarily to the unaided human ear.
4.
A test record of female sounds as described in (1) will cause males of the same species to fly in the direction of the loudspeaker. An electric screen (high-voltage-charged) can be placed forward of the loudspeaker for the purpose of killing the mosquitoes that fly toward it. The characteristics of the power supply chosen for the screen can be of such nature as to cause practically no damage or distortion in the killing process that may interfere with the accurate identification of the species and sex of the mosquitoes killed.
5.
The mosquitoes so electrocuted are predominantly males (90 per cent) of the species for which the female call is recorded and played.
6.
The playing of such a record will also attract frogs, chameleons, bats, dragon flies and other forms of life that prey upon the mosquitoes for food. Certain will be attracted and killed (tree frogs, chameleons); others (bats, dragon flies) will dart around but will not be killed as they do not touch the electric screen.
7.
Neither the light flashes produced by the electric discharges, nor the ozone produced seem to have any affect in attracting or repelling the subject mosquitoes.
8.
The peak flight time of Anopheles albimanus occurred substantially at the same time during each evening of the test (7:15 PM local Cuban time).
9.
The numbers of mosquitoes trapped during a peak period of ten minutes exceeded the number of mosquitoes taken from a cattle trap in a week or more.
10.
The numbers of mosquitoes trapped each night varied over a fairly wide range from night to night.
11.
The playing of such records seemingly will not induce flight activity in male mosquitoes at times when they are not normally active, but will, during periods of normal activity, alter their flight course so that such insects can be killed in a trap.
12.
The sound level used in reproducing the records for a sound-baited trap may be quite high compared with the sound level that the mosquito normally utilizes in nature, but it may not be indiscriminately high as there appears to be an upper threshold beyond which a repellant action may take place. Under very quiet natural conditions, the sound level at this upper threshold is such that the sounds can be heard by an unaided human ear some one-fourth of a mile away. It may prove impracticable to use sounds above this threshold for repellant purposes as their unpleasant nature is objectionable.
13.
Peak flight time occurred about 20 minutes after official sunset time. At this time the light level measured on a Weston Master II Exposure Meter was about 0.2 candle per sq. ft.
14.
Automatic electrical counting of the electric screen discharges is practicable and whenever possible should be used in the collection of counting data in future field experiments. The electrical count should be compared with the count of mosquitoes found on the sheet in the trap.
15.
Sound recording techniques may make possible a valuable quantitative sound-activity index for measuring the sound activity of a particular species of mosquito. Such indices may be derived statistically from the curves automatically traced by an instrument such as an Esterline-Angus continuous-writing DC milliameter energized from a suitable electronic rectifier and filter integrating sound level with time. The electronic rectifier and filter mentioned is energized from the output of the sound recording equipment (capable of recording single insects) that is set to operate continuously over 24 hours or other specified intervals. This method can measure quantitatively regardless of species and sex.
16.
Playback of the sound recordings of female mosquitoes to males of the same species under natural conditions (such as in a swamp) can provide a valuable quantitative activity index based on flight. This flight activity index may be compared with the sound activity index of item 15 for statistical correlation. Playback of the sound recordings of one sex to another may be made in the laboratory to measure the sound response to obtain a sound response index, another potentially useful activity index.
17.
Electrical insect-killing methods seem selective, and an arrangement that is effective for one kind of insect, say a fly, may not be satisfactory for another kind of insect, say, a mosquito or a beetle. Important factors are:
a.
Peak voltage
b.
Energy released per discharge
c.
Nature of the current with regard to frequency and waveform
1.
Line frequency alternating current (60 cycles per second or other)
2.
The discharge from a capacitor previously charged to a high voltage (The discharge rate may be quite important).
3.
The discharge of an ultra high frequency generator (functioning at say, 50 megacycles per second).
4.
Other (e.g. a "spike" generator—such as is used in radar).
For mosquitoes where a minimum of distortion is desired due to electrocution, the simplest arrangement using line frequency alternating current is satisfactory although it may be definitely lethal for accidental contact of human beings or farm animals or the like.
18.
It is possible that the heavily haired male antennae act as a receptor mechanism for sound emitted by the female.
19.
The sounds are substantially species specific, Aedes will not respond to Anopheles or vice versa.


The analysis of dc cyclic voltammograms of surface-confined metalloproteins is complicated by large background currents, significant ohmic iRu drop, and frequency dispersion related to protein and electrode surface inhomogeneity. The use of large-amplitude Fourier transform ac voltammetry for the quantification of the electron-transfer properties of a thin film of redox-active protein azurin adsorbed onto edge-plane, basal-plane, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode surfaces has been evaluated and compared to results obtained by dc cyclic voltammetry. In principle, it has been established that fourth and higher harmonic sine-wave data are ideally suited for analysis of electron-transfer processes as they are almost completely devoid of background capacitance current contributions. However, uncompensated resistance has a higher impact on these components, as is the case with fast scan rate dc techniques, so strategies to include this term in the simulations have been investigated. Application of recommended strategies for the evaluation of the electron-transfer properties of azurin adsorbed onto three forms of graphite, each having different background or uncompensated resistance values, is described and compared to results obtained by traditionally used forms of cyclic voltammetry. The electron-transfer rate constant, k0', of azurin at a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode surface was approximately 250 s(-1), compared with > or =1000 s(-1) at edge-plane and basal-plane graphite electrodes. The significantly lower k0' value found at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode was related to the relatively low level of edge-plane defect sites present at the surface of this electrode. However, analysis of high ac harmonics suggests that frequency dispersion is substantial at all electrode surfaces. Such effects in these diffusionless situations are significantly enhanced relative to solution-phase voltammetry, where overlay of diffusion layers minimizes the impact of heterogeneity.


Primary hypomagnesemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal or intestinal magnesium (Mg2+) wasting, resulting in tetany, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures. The kidney plays an essential role in maintaining blood Mg2+ levels, with a prominent function for the Mg2+-transporting channel transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6 (TRPM6) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). In the DCT, Mg2+ reabsorption is an active transport process primarily driven by the negative potential across the luminal membrane. Here, we studied a family with isolated autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia and used a positional cloning approach to identify an N255D mutation in KCNA1, a gene encoding the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel Kv1.1. Kv1.1 was found to be expressed in the kidney, where it colocalized with TRPM6 along the luminal membrane of the DCT. Upon overexpression in a human kidney cell line, patch clamp analysis revealed that the KCNA1 N255D mutation resulted in a nonfunctional channel, with a dominant negative effect on wild-type Kv1.1 channel function. These data suggest that Kv1.1 is a renal K+ channel that establishes a favorable luminal membrane potential in DCT cells to control TRPM6-mediated Mg2+ reabsorption.


This article deals with the question of how migration has developed into a security issue in Europe and how the European integration process is implicated in it. Since the 1980s, the political construction of migration increasingly referred to the destabilizing effects of migration on domestic integration and to the dangers for public order it implied. The spillover of the internal market into a European internal security question mirrors these domestic developments at the European level. The Third Pillar on Justice and Home Affairs, the Schengen Agreements, and the Dublin Convention most visibly indicate that the European integration process is implicated in the development of a restrictive migration policy and the social construction of migration into a security question. However, the political process of connecting migration to criminal and terrorist abuses of the internal market does not take place in isolation. It is related to a wider politicization in which immigrants and asylum-seekers are portrayed as a challenge to the protection of national identity and welfare provisions. Moreover, supporting the political construction of migration as a security issue impinges on and is embedded in the politics of belonging in western Europe. It is an integral part of the wider technocratic and political process in which professional agencies – such as the police and customs – and political agents – such as socialmovements and political parties – debate and decide the criteria for legitimate membership of west European societies. Immigration rank high in the public debate in EU countries. Participants in this debate often have different opinions on the subject. On the one hand, supporters of more liberal attitudes towards immigration – many economists are among them – propose some solid arguments why the EU needs more immigrants. One such argument is related to the ageing of the European population, which implies that pension systems are coming under strain. In this context, immigrant inflows are beneficial because they may slow the pace of ageing and consequently relax tensions in the pension system. Another pro-immigration argument refers to the low geographical mobility of European workers within the EU. A consequence of the latter is that migrants play a crucial role as a stabilizer after asymmetric shocks by moving into areas where labour is scarce. On the other hand, many European countries experience high levels of anti-immigrant opinions. The complexity of migration requires a global approach to policies. First, the several externalities at work ask for a high level of coordination among EU member states. There is therefore a need for coordination among EU member states for policies related to irregular immigration. The European Pact on Immigration underlines the importance of strengthening cooperation with countries of origin and transit on a number of fronts, including managing migrant inflows, fighting against the trading of human beings and against international criminal networks. Second, a global approach requires an in-depth analysis of all the factors determining migration, as Brady (2008) suggests. Helping immigrants' origin countries in alleviating problems of political instability, poverty or high unemployment through official development assistance or reducing barriers to trade are some examples of policies dealing with "push" factors, i.e. the reasons why migrants want to move out of certain countries. Immigration policies should also take into account the factors that attract migrants into the destination country, i.e. the pull factors. An example of such factors is the labor market condition in host countries. According to the above-mentioned pact, it is the responsibility of each EU country to decide on the number of persons it wishes to admit and this should be done according to its individual labor requirements. In addition to the fostering of cooperation both among member states and between the EU and migrant's countries of origin, two of the main arguments at the center of the debate on European immigration policy are the EU willingness of attracting more qualified immigrant workers and of reducing the number of undocumented immigrants.


We experimentally demonstrate the interaction of an optical probe beam with both bright and dark blocker solitons formed with low optical light power in a saturable defocusing waveguide array in photorefractive lithium niobate. A phase insensitive interaction of the beams is achieved by means of counterpropagating light waves. Partial and full reflection (blocking) of the probe beam on the positive or negative light-induced defect is obtained, respectively, in good agreement with numerical simulations.


Language and church unity: Calvin's 1545 Catechism in Latin In 1545 Calvin wrote a catechism. He defended the fact that he had done it in Latin, saying: "I judge it useful that there should be public testimonies, whereby churches which, though widely separated by space, agree in the doctrine of Christ, may mutually recognize each other." Although he was constantly being accused by the Roman Catholic Church of being a schismatic, Calvin's ecumenical intentions were above re-proach. At every opportunity he stressed the sinfulness of schism from a church that bears the marks of the true church. By the time of the Reformation Latin wasn't regarded any more as a "holy" language, but as a role model for other languages. Although the reformers increasingly propagated the use of the vernacular in religious service, they still maintained cor-respondence with each other in Latin and wrote many of their treatises in this language. The art of printing presented the same phenomenon: both vernacular and Latin (especially academic works), were produced and distributed. Calvin's "Catechism" of 1545, written in Latin, was soon translated into many languages, even into Greek and Hebrew. Thereby Calvin reached his goal of promoting unity of faith between the different reformation churches. The fact that the catechism was written in Latin gave it a special status as church-historical document: a symbol of Calvin's hope for church unity.


Current multilevel repartitioning schemes tend to perform well on certain types of problems while obtaining worse results for other types of problems. We present two new multilevel algorithms for repartitioning adaptive meshes that improve the performance of multilevel schemes for the types of problems that current schemes perform poorly while maintaining similar or better results for those problems that current schemes perform well. Specifically, we present a new scratch-remap scheme called Locally-matched Multilevel Scratch-remap (or simply LMSR) for repartitioning of adaptive meshes. LMSR tries to compute a high-quality partitioning that has a large amount of overlap with the original partitioning. We show that LMSR generally decreases the data redistribution costs required to balance the load compared to current scratch-remap schemes. We present a new diffusion-based scheme that we refer to as Wavefront Diffusion. In Wavefront Diffusion, the flow of vertices moves in a wavefront from overweight to underweight subdomains. We show that Wavefront Diffusion obtains significantly lower data redistribution costs while maintaining similar or better edge-cut results compared to existing diffusion algorithms. We also compare Wavefront Diffusion with LMSR and show that these provide a trade-off between edge-cut and data redistribution costs for a wide range of problems. Our experimental results on a Gray T3E, an IBM SP2, and a cluster of Pentium Pro workstations show that both schemes are fast and scalable. For example, both are capable of repartitioning a seven million vertex graph in under three seconds on 128 processors of a Gray T3E. Our schemes obtained relative speedups of between nine and 12 when the number of processors was increased by a factor of 16 on a Gray T3E.


Biodesulfurization (BDS) is one of the most promising technologies used together with traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to reduce the sulfur content of fossil fuels. In this research study, a strain of Cunninghamella elegans (UCP 596) was isolated from mangrove sediments to metabolize an organosulfur dibenzothiophene (DBT) compound in the con- centrations of 0.5 and 1 mM and transform to DBT sulfone (DBT-5-dioxide), followed by dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide and 2-hydroxybiphenyl metabolites, thus suggesting the use of the "4S" metabolic pathway. The fungus also degraded the DBT completely in the first 24 h of growth on a 2.0 mM DBT concentration by angular deoxygenation, which suggests that a new second metabolic pathway was used. The DBT was consumed as the carbon source, and the sulfur was removed in the form of sulfite ion. A new prod - uct, benzoic acid, was formed at the end of the catabolism of DBT by C. elegans using an angular route. and at the end of the experimental period of 96 h of growth, the compound 2-hydroxybi-phenyl was detected. These results suggest the fungus uses the "4S" metabolic pathway


The third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo took place between 2019 April and 2020 March and resulted in dozens of gravitational-wave candidates, many of which are now published as confident detections. A crucial requirement of the third observing run was the rapid identification and public reporting of compact binary mergers, which enabled massive follow-up observation campaigns with electromagnetic and neutrino observatories. PyCBC Live is a low-latency search for compact binary mergers based on frequency-domain matched filtering, which was used during the second and third observing runs, together with other low-latency analyses, to generate these rapid alerts from the data acquired by LIGO and Virgo. This paper describes and evaluates the improvements made to PyCBC Live after the second observing run, which defined its operation and performance during the third observing run.


Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (Card9) is located upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathways. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of pioglitazone in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). SAP was induced by a retrograde infusion of 5.0% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of Sprague Dawley rats (n=54), which were then treated with pioglitazone. Blood and pancreatic tissues were harvested at 3, 6, and 12 h after SAP induction. Pancreatic pathological damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum amylase, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Card9 mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissues was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Pioglitazone had a therapeutic effect in treating rats with SAP by decreasing the level of amylase activity, ameliorating pancreatic histological damage, decreasing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and tissue MPO activity, and downregulating the expression of NF-kB, p38MAPK, and Card9 mRNAs and proteins (Po0.05). The present study demonstrated that the inhibition of Card9 expression could reduce the severity of SAP. Card9 has a role in the pathogenic mechanism of SAP.


Cells use a number of pathways to generate energy and synthesize cellular building blocks including lipids, carbohydrates and nucleotides. Alterations in metabolic pathways have been implicated in many pathophysiological conditions. This mechanism is exploited by both resident epithelial cancer cells and the fibroblast. Indeed, cancer and normal cells differ dramatically in terms of their energy requirements and use of metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic impairment contribute immensely to chemotherapeutic resistance and metastatic cancer progression through signaling pathways that revolve around autophagy. The current study reviewed relevant studies that underpin autophagy and highlight the metabolic alterations in the tumour microenvironment that may mediate chemoresistance and malignant cancer progression in both experimental and clinical models.


The sea krait Laticauda colubrina is the most widespread member of its genus, extending from the Bay of Bengal through much of Asia and the Indo-Malayan Archipelago to New Guinea and many islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Unconfirmed records of the species may extend the range to
the western coast of Central America. The species is subject to marked geographic variation in a number of morphological and meristic characters that have to date defied finer taxonomic resolution. Two members of this complex previously subsumed under the specific name colubrina are here formally elevated to full species status. One species—Laticauda saintgironsi n.sp.—consists of those populations of L. colubrina s.l. found around the coast and in the coastal waters of the main island of New Caledonia. The second species—Laticauda frontalis (de Vis, 1905)—is a dwarf species found in sympatry and syntopy with Laticauda colubrina in Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands of New Caledonia.


This article studies the decline of a long-standing mafia known as thieves-in-law in the post-Soviet republic of Georgia. In 2005 an anti-mafia campaign began which employed laws directly targeting the thieves-in-law. Within a year, all Georgia's thieves-in-law were in prison or had fled the country. This article looks at the success of the policy by investigating how Georgia's volatile socio-economic environment in the 1990s affected the resilience of the thieves-in-law to state attack. The article presents data showing that the chaos of this period impacted on the ability of thieves-in-law to coordinate activities, regulate recruitment, and protect their main collective resource—their elite criminal status. Due to this, the reputation of the thieves-in-law as a mafia drastically declined creating vulnerability. The article adds to the literature on resilience in criminal networks and the study of organized crime in the post-Soviet space.


Background: The disk diffusion method for identification of yeasts species was performed based on different but distinct susceptibilities of yeasts spp. to chemicals: janus green, ethidium bromide, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, brilliant green, cycloheximide and rhodamine 6G. Methods: Atotal of 568 Iranian soldiers went under study for isolation and identification of Yeast species from their oral cavity. Asterile swab was used for each individual and specimens were collected from the nasopharynx region, then inoculated to petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and incubated for 48 hrs at 37 °C. All colonies were counted and stocked in distilled water and stored in a refrigerator for further analysis. The yeasts were identified by the "disk diffusion test" [6,8]. This is a simple, rapid, accurate, and inexpensive technique presented by Sobczak [8]. By this method we identified yeast species within 24-48 hrs. Results: 51.4% of petri dishes were positive for yeast species and 318 strains were identified. Candida albicans, Candida kefyr, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii were the most common yeast species isolated from the oral cavity of soldiers. Conclusion:We used this method because of its simplicity and other beneficial characteristics for rapid identification of large and numerous isolates and the results were compared with other morphological characters such as chlamydospore and germ tube production. In addition, we used some type strains (Candida parapsilosis: PTCC 5089, Candida tropicalis: PTCC 5028,Saccharomyces cerevisiae: PTCC 5052,Candida lipolytica: PTCC 5063,Candida lipolytica: PTCC 5064), and the results were acceptable.


Robert Gordon. Harold Pinter: The Theatre of Power. Michigan Modern Dramatists 3. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012. Pp. 216. $49.50. The third volume of the Michigan Modern Dramatists series edited by Enoch Brater, Robert Gordon's Harold Pinter: The Theatre of Power, provides a comprehensive overview of Pinter's stage oeuvre from The Room through Celebration. As the Director of the Pinter Centre for Performance and Creative Writing at Goldsmiths, University of London (where he is also Professor of Drama), Gordon is an eminently qualified guide for such a study, and his book is likely to remain the standard for such volumes for a generation. The four major themes that he establishes early in the introduction will be quite familiar already to Pinter aficionados: * the territorial imperative, whereby the individual struggles to claim and/ or defend his or her particular space (usually interior) and thus assert and/ or protect his or her identity; * the exercise of power through the language of authority; * sex, gender, and the construction of identity; and * questions of time and memory. Yet in contrast to those reviewers and scholars who denigrate Pinter's later, shorter plays "as disappointingly didactic political propaganda" (1), Gordon rightly insists that the above themes "are repeatedly recapitulated, rethought, and elaborated in new ways in later plays. Throughout his career, he experimented with new variations of core structural and thematic motifs, whose origin can usually be traced to an initial idea from an earlier play" (2). Accordingly, Pinter's now-complete oeuvre can be assessed with an entirely appropriate emphasis on the later works, which, like Beckett's late-career "dramaticules" tend to edulcorate the decades-earlier full-length works, shortening their form and often perforce removing any semblance of comedy but refining and intensifying the presentation of preoccupations that had actually "been there" all along. In Gordon's analysis, Pinter's first play, The Room, "establishes the aesthetic terms of Pinter's early theater, which does not aim to communicate an overarching 'meaning' in an allegorical or symbolic manner, but which invites the spectator to 'live through' the experiences of a group of people in a virtual universe that operates in parallel to her or his everyday world. By removing the conventionally logical exposition of a 'well-made' naturalistic play that functions to reassure the spectator that it is possible to piece together all the parts of the dramaturgical puzzle in order to supply a coherently historical rationale for the action, the revelation that there may not ever be a logical explanation for the events of a human life comes as a genuine shock" (23-24). Such a statement is a particularly apposite introduction to No Man's Land, by far Pinter's most notoriously difficult and indeterminate play--by the analysis of which any guidebook to his plays can be judged. By this criterion, Gordon's analysis succeeds admirably--in part by openly admitting at the outset that its "plot is entirely baffling [since t]here is no discernible framework of exposition that might enable a spectator to decipher the many puzzles presented by the fragmentary action being witnessed on stage" (107). The play thus becomes "a highly original experiment ... [in which] the play models for the audience an experience of how it feels to be in a world of bewildering surfaces, rather than supplying a straightforward allegorical meaning" (122). In effect, therefore, Pinter deconstructs the most fundamental premises of naturalistic drama itself; precedents can then easily be found in his earlier works, not least among them the radical indeterminacies of The Homecoming with its often ominous subtexts, its unrelenting one-upsmanship among men who obsessively define and reassert status within the all-male domain of their household, and the indomitability of Ruth, sovereign among them despite the indeterminacies of her past and present life. …


Mufflers are used in for instance exhaust system of cars or trucks to reduce noise. Perforated pipes are one of the main components of modern mufflers. To study acoustic properties of mufflers with perforated pipe is one of the main targets of this thesis. Furthermore, how flow is distributed along perforated pipes is critical for the acoustic prediction of mufflers since it controls the acoustic impedance of the perforate. Therefore another goal of the thesis is to investigate a simple flow model which can predict the flow distribution in perforated pipe mufflers. So called micro-perforated plates have a large potential to be applied in vehicle applications. To understand the acoustic properties of microperforated plates and their application in mufflers is another purpose of the thesis. A set of typical perforated mufflers, through flow, plug flow and eccentric, were built and tested with and without flow. In this work three issues were studied: i) effects of perforations, ii) effects of higher order modes and iii) effects of the presence of a mean flow. The measurements were compared with numerical simulations using two commercial softwares the 1-D Boost linear acoustics tool and the 3-D FemLab tool. A quasi-steady semi-analytical model is proposed to predict the grazing-bias flow in a perforated-pipe muffler at low Mach numbers for high Reynolds numbers based on the diameter of the perforation. Firstly two one-hole models are presented which are the small hole model and the large hole model. The next is to apply the one-hole model to the whole perforated pipe muffler. This model allows the prediction of the steady flow distribution through a muffler and the pressure drop of the muffler. The model was compared with experimental and numerical data from the literature. Micro-perforated plates (MPP:s) can be subjected to both flow, high temperatures as well as high sound levels and the effect of this on the MPP impedance must be known. In the present work two types of MPP:s have been investigated: i) plates with circular holes and ii) plates with slit-shaped holes. Non-linear effects were investigated with both random noise and pure tone excitation and the results compared with models from the literature. The effect of a grazing mean flow was also investigated and based on the results correction terms for the MPP impedance are proposed. As an application of the work a new type of MPP muffler has been investigated. Based on numerical simulations performed a very efficient through flow multi-chamber MPP muffler configuration was found. The performance of the new muffler was also verified by experiments.


Sirius 815 is a fully austenitic stainless steel (UNS S30815) with rare earth contents that make the alloy well suited for hightemperature service (up to 1100 °C, or 2012 °F) in oxidizing environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-1312. Producer or source: Industeel Belgium.


Two type of organization are explicated: 1) the relationship between experiencing an event and assessing the event, and 2) the relationship of the status of a conversational action and the turn shape in which it is performed. Second assessments are performed when a recipient has had access to the referent assessed by a prior speaker. When the referent of an assessment is unrelated to the co-participants, respondents orient to agreeing as preferred. When the prior assessment is a self-deprecation, respondents orient to agreement as dispreferred. When the prior assessment is a compliment, recipients orient to multiple constraints. Comments The concept of preference has been used in numerous ways, sometimes to describe disparate phenomena. In each new study, it is crucial to explicate just what phenomenon is being investigated rather than just use the concept as if it is adequately explanatory. Recommended Citation Pomerantz, A., & Heritage, J. (2012). Preference. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis (pp. 210-228). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.


The neotropical shrub Hamelia patens Jacq. has been cultivated as an ornamental in the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa for many years, although only in limited numbers and as a minor element in the trade. Recently, other taxa of Hamelia have been grown and evaluated as new flowering shrubs. The relatively recent introduction of a superior ornamental taxon of Hamelia, called the african firebush, has propelled this genus to greater prominence as an excellent small flowering shrub or container plant, especially throughout the southeastern United States and in other countries such as South Africa. Initially, this firebush was sold as an African plant. Data from field studies, herbarium specimens, and from DNA analysis of several taxa and populations of Hamelia show that the african firebush in southern Florida may have originated from populations of H. patens var. glabra native to southern Mexico. The original plants were taken to Europe, southern Africa, and southeastern Asia probably in the middle to late 1800s and then recently reintroduced to New World markets as a new African ornamental plant.


Sensirion [1] is a high-tech sensor company with headquarters in Switzerland. Based on technological concepts developed in the mid 90 s at ETH Zurich, Sensirion was founded in 1998. Product development started in the same year. Today, Sensirion is a high-tech sensor company, with a highly skilled team of more than 120 employees. About 50% of the manpower is concentrated in R&D. Sensirion successfully manufactures millions of MEMS sensors each year for a wide range of industrial, consumer, medical, and automotive applications. Sensirion is the industry leader for chip based humidity & temperature sensors, mass flow measurement and control devices for gases and liquids, and differential pressure sensors.


SUMMARY The body sizes of highly adapted human and other mammalian runners vary in accordance with specific performance needs. Sprint specialists are relatively massive and muscular while endurance specialists are conspicuously limited both in body and in muscle mass. We hypothesized that the greater body masses of faster specialists are directly related to the greater ground support forces required to attain faster running speeds. Using human runners as a test case, we obtained mean values for body mass, stature and racing speed for the world's fastest 45 male and female specialists, respectively, over the past 14 years (1990–2003) at each of eight standard track racing distances from 100 to 10,000 m. Mass-specific ground support force requirements were estimated from racing speeds using generalized support force–speed relationships derived from 18 athletic subjects. We find a single relationship between mass, stature and event-specific ground support force requirements that spans the entire continuum of specializations and applies both to male and to female runners [body mass (kg)=mass-specific support force × stature2 (m) × a constant; N=16 group means, R2=0.97; where the ideal mass constant, D=10 kg m–2]. We conclude that running performance has a common structural basis.


Chronological age can be an unsatisfactory method of discriminating between older people. The lay concept of how old people actually feel may be more useful. The aim of the analyses reported in this paper was to investigate indicators of age-identity (or subjective age) among a national random sample of people aged 65 or more years living at home in Britain. Information was initially collected by home interview and a follow-up postal questionnaire 12–18 months later. The age that respondents felt was a more sensitive indicator than chronological age of many indicators of the respondents' health, psychological and social characteristics. Multiple regression analysis showed that baseline health and functional status, and reported changes in these at follow-up, explained 20.4 per cent of the variance in self-perceived age. Adding baseline mental health (anxiety/depression), feelings and fears about ageing at follow-up explained a further 0.8 per cent of the variance, making the total variance explained 21.2 per cent. It is concluded that measures of physical health and functional status and their interactions influenced age-identity. Mental health status and psychological perceptions made a small but significant additional contribution.


We used unprecedentedly large two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid (kinetic ions—fluid electrons) simulations of non-relativistic collisionless strong shocks in order to investigate the effects of self-consistently accelerated ions on the overall shock dynamics. The current driven by suprathermal particles streaming ahead of the shock excites modes transverse to the background magnetic field. The Lorentz force induced by these self-amplified fields tends to excavate tubular, underdense, magnetic-field-depleted cavities that are advected with the fluid and perturb the shock surface, triggering downstream turbulent motions. These motions further amplify the magnetic field, up to factors of 50–100 in knot-like structures. Once downstream, the cavities tend to be filled by hot plasma plumes that compress and stretch the magnetic fields in elongated filaments; this effect is particularly evident if the shock propagates parallel to the background field. Highly magnetized knots and filaments may provide explanations for the rapid X-ray variability observed in RX J1713.7−3946 and for the regular pattern of X-ray bright stripes detected in Tycho's supernova remnant.


Many impressive studies on the changing nature of the global food system have been published, and nearly all address changes at the macro level. The far less visible changes occurring at the micro level have received relatively little attention, especially in the realm of critical rural studies. This book is a reflection of the far reaching and complex transformations of food systems that have occurred as a result of liberalization and globalization. This book focuses on the structure and dynamics of peasant farms and the historically highly variable relations that govern the processes of labour and production within the peasant farms. Jan Douwe van der Ploeg argues that peasant agriculture can play an important, if not central, role in augmenting food production and creating sustainability. However, peasants today, as in the past, are materially neglected. By building on the pioneering work of Chayanov, this book seeks to address this neglect and to show how important peasants are in the ongoing struggles for food, food sustainability and food sovereignty.


The ecological situation of the Tarim River basin in China seriously declined since the early 1950s, mainly due to a strong increase in water abstraction for irrigation purposes. To restore the ecological system and support sustainable development of the Tarim River basin region in China, more hydrological studies are demanded to properly understand the processes of the watershed and efficiently manage the water resources. Such studies are, however, complicated due to the limited data availability, especially in the mountainous headwater regions of the Tarim River basin. This study investigated the usefulness of remote sensing (RS) data to overcome that lack of data in the spatially distributed hydrological modelling of the basin. Complementary to the conventional station‐based (SB) data, the RS products that are directly used in this study include precipitation, evapotranspiration and leaf area index. They are derived from raw image data of the Chinese Fengyun meteorological satellite and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The MODIS land surface temperature was used to calculate the atmospheric temperature lapse rate to describe the temperature dependency on topographical variations. Moreover, MODIS‐based snow cover images were used to obtain model initial conditions and as validation reference for the snow model component. Comparison of model results based on RS input versus conventional SB input exhibited similar results in terms of high and low river runoff extremes, cumulative runoff volumes in both runoff and snow melting seasons and spatial and temporal variability of snow cover. During summer time, when the snow cover shrinks in the permanent glacier region, it was found that the model resolution influences the model results dramatically, hence, showing the importance of detailed (RS based) spatially distributed input data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Wireless personal communications technologies are about to enter their second decisive stage of development. Stage one was incremental, supplementing wireline communications networks. Stage two is radical, offering both synergy and substitution, and heralds a third, revolutionary stage in which all that is fixed becomes mobile. Stage two will be one of transition from an environment of limited bandwidths and small but rapidly growing markets, to a world of re-usable and re-assignable spectrum interconnecting with broadband networks for a mass market. Regulating the transition is a controversial process. Spectrum is regarded as a scarce resource which requires careful management in the public interest, yet Hong Kong policy moves in the direction of market solutions. The regulator is therefore required to perform a balancing act between the interests of different parties: the existing wireline and wireless operators, the new entrants, future new entrants, existing customers and future customers, and Hong Kong's reputation as a progressive free market. ________________________________________________________________


This study is a comparative analysis of energy production and CO2 emission flows in the G-7 countries in the years 1960-1999. The comparative analyses are based on the complete decomposition methodology. The authors provide an analysis of dynamic changes of energy and CO2 emission flows in the G7-economies. The comparative analyses reveal that: (1) activity effects of the different G-7 countries were quite similar. The largest increase in the activity effect has been in the US economy, due to its large size. (2) Structural effects varied considerably indicating differences in economic activities in the analysed countries. (3) Intensity effects on energy use and CO2 emissions revealed large differences between the countries. The energy intensity effects have decreased after 1970 in all the G-7 countries except France. All the G-7 countries have showed decreasing CO2 emission intensities after the year 1970.


We provide a brief overview of how the rich South African Pleistocene Homo fossil record correlates with the recently revised Stone Age sequence. The overview and correlation of the data is intended to highlight gaps in the record and/or our understanding thereof, and to stimulate interdisciplinary research and debate on the Homo fossil and archaeological records spanning the Pleistocene. As an updated resource we present a complete inventory of known Pleistocene fossil material assigned to the genus Homo, and, where possible, its association with archaeological material. We demonstrate that (1) anatomical changes are not necessarily paralleled by changes in the archaeological sequence currently based on a range of technocomplexes, (2) the early Homo record of South Africa probably differs from that of East Africa, (3) mid-Pleistocene Homo might be associated with the Earlier to Middle Stone Age transitional phase and (4) the fossil record associated with the Middle Stone Age has wide anatomical variation. Also, hiatuses in the fossil record, such as that associated with the appearance of early Khoe-San-like populations, do not show concurrent hiatuses in the archaeological record. Thus, for a broader understanding of the demographic history of South Africa during the Pleistocene, both sources of information should be considered in tandem.


Malaysia experiences a major flood event every three years due to the adverse effects of two monsoon seasons a year. Floods have thus become the most significant natural disaster in the country in terms of the population affected, frequency, aerial extent, financial cost and the disruption to socio‐economic activities. Many previous flood control measures have had different levels of success but have generally had little effect in reducing the problem. However, it is now understood that it is neither possible nor desirable to control floods completely. Spatial information technology is thus being increasingly recognized as the most effective approach to flood disaster management. This paper reviews the spatial information technology in flood disaster management and its application in Malaysia. Some flood forecasting systems are discussed, along with their shortcomings. The paper discusses the framework of a proposed flood early warning system for the Langat river basin that operationally couples real‐time NOAA‐AVHRR data for quantitative precipitation forecasting with hydrologically oriented GIS and a MIKE11 hydrodynamic model.


In 1931, the Modern Library series reprinted Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop and sold it for only ninety-five cents. (1) For Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, the young owners of the Modern Library, this was a victory after years of unsuccessful attempts to include Cather titles in their series. However, Archbishop stayed only five years in the Modern Library. At Cather's insistence, Alfred Knopf, the original publisher, refused to renew the contract, and Cerf and Klopfer had to drop the novel from their list. While Sharon O'Brien has argued that "Willa Cather possessed canonical status during the 1920s only to lose it in the 1930s" (111), my essay contends that some of Cather's works became canonical in the early 1930s--when these texts were included in cheap series of reprints such as the Modern Library and Houghton Mifflin's Riverside Library, and marketed to a large audience of students and their professors. As John Guillory puts it, "canonicity is a function of the reproduction of a work over time, and the market for such reproduction is the school" (53 n5). The canonicity of Archbishop and other Cather titles was indeed the product of the education system (the principal canon maker for Guillory) but also of reprint series, which made these titles easily available to the school market. At the time when the study of American literature was being institutionalized in universities, many instructors selected the inexpensive editions of Cather titles for classroom use. Cather's opposition to such dissemination of her fiction had long-term consequences: as she was increasingly attacked by a new generation of Marxist critics, Cather made little attempt to reach the academics that continued to admire her work. She was competing with other American writers whose novels were easily available in the Modern Library and other cheap series, and yet, she underestimated the importance of these series in canon making. (2) The Modern Library series can be seen as a middlebrow enterprise that, in Trysh Travis's words, "offered to mediate literary culture for modern audiences in need of guidance" (340). (3) When Albert Boni and Horace Liveright launched the series in New York in 1917, they targeted the growing number of readers interested in contemporary literature. The first list of the Modern Library included H. G. Wells's Ann Veronica and War in the Air, Oscar Wilde's Dorian Gray, Guy de Maupassant's Mademoiselle Fiji, and plays by Ibsen, Shaw, and Strindberg. Unlike Everyman's Library and other cheap publisher's series that specialized in out-of-copyright works, the Modern Library reprinted not only older classics but also recent, copyrighted texts. Consumers were encouraged to buy the Modern Library to increase their confidence and social status. One of the first advertisements for Boni and Liveright's series proclaimed: "The 'Modern Library' appeals to people who consider good books a necessity, not a luxury. People are judged by the books they read' ("The Modern Library of the World's Best Books," original emphasis). Readers were promised that "the world's best books" would shape their taste and their personality. In short, advertisements for the Modern Library revealed the main characteristics of the new middlebrow ethos: the emphasis on education, the ideal of self-improvement, and the explicit link between culture and social success. Although Willa Cather has traditionally been seen as an elite writer who preferred "fewer readers and better readers" (WC to Greenslet, 31 Oct. 1932), recent scholarship has illuminated her involvement with a commercialized middlebrow culture. As Melissa Homestead points out, Cather "quietly exploited middlebrow institutions, such as book clubs and mass-circulation women's magazines, as a way to reach and engage the common reader" (78). Mark Madigan has shown that the Book-of-the-Month Club chose two of her books as main selections (Shadows on the Rock in 1931, and Sapphira and the Slave Girl in 1940), and recommended many of her titles as alternative choices for members who declined the main selection (72-79). …


The persistent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is oncogenic and involved in colorectal neoplasia. Mutations of both regulatory subunit and catalytic subunit of PI3K have been demonstrated in colon cancers. In the present study, we show that heterozygous disruption of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene promoted tumor progression in APC(min/+) mice. Number and size of intestinal tumors were significantly increased in mice bearing both adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and PTEN mutations. While APC(min/+)PTEN(+/+) mice developed adenomas, invasive carcinomas developed in APC(min/+)PTEN(+/-) mice. Large tumors often resulted in intestinal intussusception and early death of APC(min/+)PTEN(+/-) mice. Targeted array revealed that osteopontin (OPN) was the leading gene whose expression was strongly induced by deficiency of PTEN. In colon cancer cells, gain-of-function mutation of PI3K robustly increased levels of OPN and treatment with OPN reduced growth factor deprivation-induced programmed cell death. Moreover, OPN expression was strongly increased in Ras-induced transformation of intestinal epithelial cells in a PI3K-dependent manner. Inhibition of OPN expression by specific small interfering RNA reduced uncontrolled growth and invasiveness of Ras-transformed intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, our results suggest that the PI3K pathway promotes the transformation of intestinal adenoma to adenocarcinoma. OPN, a downstream effector of PI3K, protects transformed intestinal epithelial cells from programmed cell death and stimulates their anchorage-independent growth.


Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) complained of several disorders during his life, the most important of which were chronic arthritic pains and bilateral blindness. These symptoms might be results from an immune rheumatic disease, namely reactive arthritis (urethritis, uveitis, arthritis), when Galileo started suffering with an episode of fever in June 1593. Padua University owns the fifth lumbar vertebra of the great scientist and we performed a series of anthropological and radiographic analyses on it. The anthropological measurements showed that the shape of the vertebra was normal as to exclude significant diseases. The study through radiography and Computed Tomography showed only a mild arthrosis documented by small osteophytosis. Eventually the disease evolved into blindness with a pannus restricting the pupils (uveitis). These findings support the occurrence of reactive arthritis. Alternatively to urethral infection, Galileo could have suffered from Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in 1593, which was complicated by reactive arthritis a couple of weeks later. Thereafter he complained several episodes of recurrent arthritis, which eventually culminated into uveitis and bilateral blindness.


History Teaching and the Use of History in a Linguistic Minority Context. Minority Schools in Denmark, Germany and Finland as a Field of Research on Education for Identity ConstructionApart from subject knowledge and historical thinking skills, didactical theories generally consider identity as an important issue for history education. The article discusses history teaching and its function in identity construction in schools for language minority groups. It focuses on identity formation processes in three kinds of minority schools: upper secondary schools for the German minority in Southern Denmark, upper secondary schools for the Danish minority in the Northern part of Germany, and upper secondary schools for the Swedish-speaking population in Finland. The content and the educational aims of the school subject history are compared in these minority school systems and conclusions are drawn in relation to a theoretical model of the use of history. It is concluded that history is used in a political-educational and existential way in the Danish minority schools, with a strong focus on minority issues, while the German minority schools have a more neutral and "Danish" approach to German history in Denmark, with some elements of non-use of history (i.e. discreet treatment of the German occupation during the WW II). As Swedish is equal to Finnish as a national language, the Swedish schools in Finland could be expected to have the same approach in history teaching as the Finnish schools – the curriculum has the same content and aims in both cases – but there is an explicit ambition in the Swedish schools to use history in a more existential and ideological way in relation to Finland's shared history with Sweden. The comparison of history teaching in minority schools turned out to improve the didactical understanding of the use of history in history teaching.


Publisher's text about the volume:

 With the dramatic increase in popularity of fashion exhibitions over the past decade, this groundbreaking book provides a timely look at the evolution of the practice, taking as its anchor the seminal 1971 Victoria and Albert Museum exhibition Fashion: An Anthology by Cecil Beaton, revealing it to be symptomatic of a shift in museological attitudes. The authors' combined experience of more than forty years, one in architecture and exhibition design and the other in fashion history and curating, informs their detailed account of the exhibition. Accompanied by photographs of Beaton's museum work published here for the first time, their narrative establishes a perspective from which to view working practices today.

Research into international exhibitions from the early 20th century to the present results in some 150 stunning illustrations, including previously unpublished exhibition photographs and out-of-print documents. Through this research and the testimony of curators, exhibition designers, and mannequin manufacturers, the authors discover striking continuity in the development of the fundamental equation of mannequin, dress, and mise-en-scene. A comprehensive chronology from 1971 illustrates the exponential rise in exhibitions of Western dress on an international scale.


Despite an abundance of technical literature on dimension reduction (DR), our understanding of how real data analysts are using DR techniques and what problems they face remains largely incomplete. In this paper, we contribute the first systematic and broad analysis of DR usage by a sample of real data analysts, along with their needs and problems. We present the results of a two-year qualitative research endeavor, in which we iteratively collected and analyzed a rich corpus of data in the spirit of grounded theory. We interviewed 24 data analysts from different domains and surveyed papers depicting applications of DR. The result is a descriptive taxonomy of DR usage, and concrete real-world usage examples summarized in terms of this taxonomy. We also identify seven gaps where user DR needs are unfulfilled by currently available techniques, and three mismatches where the users do not need offered techniques. At the heart of our taxonomy is a task classification that differentiates between abstract tasks related to point clusters and those related to dimensions. The taxonomy and usage examples are intended to provide a better descriptive understanding of real data analysts' practices and needs with regards to DR. The gaps are intended as prescriptive pointers to future research directions, with the most important gaps being a lack of support for users without expertise in the mathematics of DR, and an absence of DR techniques for comparing explicit groups of dimensions or for relating non-linear embeddings to original dimensions.


As per Section 115 O of Income Tax Act 1961, Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) is to be imposed on the dividend, which is distributed by company to their shareholders; it was paid by company. But on 1 st February 2020, in India Union Budget 2020, announced to abolish the Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT). Dividend policy is a strategy used by a company to determine the amount and timing of dividend payments. The dividends policy framed by an organization is one of the crucial issues in corporate finance. It may have an impact on shareholders' wealth. The study is an attempt to analyze the impact of shareholders' wealth due to the abolishment of the Dividend Distribution Tax. According to new policy, dividends are to be taxed and are part of the shareholder's income. In the DDT arrangement, tax was deducted by the company on the dividends given to the shareholders at a constant rate. But because of this new policy, small investors and retirees are getting little amounts as dividends, which end up by paying the tax. The problem has been analyzed by find the relationship between dividend policy and shareholders wealth. The study is based on the data for the period of 6 years from the financial year 2013-2014 to 2018-2019 of 50 companies of the Nifty 50. Statistical analysis has been conducted considering the variables, viz.earning per share and dividend per share


Summaries International attention was directed to several African conflicts during 2000. Most notable were the wars in Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and between Ethiopia and Eritrea. What became apparent was Africa's impact on global security concerns. This article focuses on key issues of global security through the lens of several African conflicts, including the economic dimensions of civil wars and peacekeeping in the midst of conflicts. It argues that African conflicts are instrumental in forcing outsiders to rethink various strategies to tackle conflicts. But what does this mean in terms of international response to crises on the continent? Will the outcome mean coherent and well thought‐out policies, or a more ad hoc response as witnessed in the 1990s? Despite the international ramifications of African conflicts, concrete policy agendas for the continent are not forthcoming. Africa's security in the twenty‐first century will be determined largely within Africa. But this should not be seen in a negative sense. African leaders need to demonstrate their commitment to finding peaceful solutions to conflicts on the continent. The history of externally‐driven solutions and poorly‐resourced peacekeeping initiatives has often hurt rather than helped African conflicts.


The CHIME ABM was designed to investigate the dynamics of hazardous weather communication and decision making, in the context of evolving hazard forecasts and the complex modern information environment. To ensure that the model included important elements, dynamics, and interactions needed to address the questions of interest, it was conceptualized and implemented through interdisciplinary collaboration incorporating in-depth knowledge about key aspects of the system. Areas of expertise involved include hazardous weather and weather forecasting as well as hazard risk communication, information networks, vulnerability, and protective decision making. This knowledge was incorporated through interactions between the ABM research and the larger research project discussed in Morss et al. (BAMS 2017) and review of relevant literature.

CHIME ABM V1 includes a modeled world consisting of a spatially explicit geographical area of interest (e.g., the US state of Florida), a dynamic hazard that moves through that world (a hurricane), evolving forecast information about that hazard, and a multi-agent model in which different types of information related to the hazard are communicated among agents and used in protective decision making.

The version of the model described here has been developed and tested in the NetLogo modeling environment. Most of the past and current code development was done in NetLogo 5x, relying heavily on the GIS extension and maps or spatial data imported from several sources (described in the supporting documentation). We will add an extended version of the model (V1.1) in early 2018 that is compatible with NetLogo 6x, includes a new geographic region, and includes options for recent major hurricanes.


Simon Bolivar was a revolutionary who freed six countries, an intellectual who argued the principles of national liberation, and a general who fought a cruel colonial war. His life, passions, battles, and great victories became embedded in Spanish American culture almost as soon as they happened. This is the first major English-language biography of "The Liberator" in half a century. John Lynch draws on extensive research on the man and his era to tell Bolivar's story, to understand his life in the context of his own society and times, and to explore his remarkable and enduring legacy. The book illuminates the inner world of Bolivar, the dynamics of his leadership, his power to command, and his modes of ruling the diverse peoples of Spanish America. The key to his greatness, Lynch concludes, was supreme will power and an ability to inspire people to follow him beyond their immediate interests, in some cases through years of unremitting struggle. Encompassing Bolivar's entire life and his many accomplishments, this is the definitive account of a towering figure in the history of the Western hemisphere.


The 'European Transport Simulator' (ETS) (Coster et al 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 2085–92, Kalupin et al 2011 Proc. 38th EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics (Strasbourg, France, 2011) vol 35G (ECA) P. 4.111) is the new modular package for 1D discharge evolution developed within the EFDA Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force. It consists of precompiled physics modules combined into a workflow through standardized input/output data structures. Ultimately, the ETS will allow for an entire discharge simulation from the start up until the current termination phase, including controllers and sub-systems. The paper presents the current status of the ETS towards this ultimate goal. It discusses the design of the workflow, the validation and verification of its components on the example of impurity solver and demonstrates a proof-of-principles coupling of a local gyrofluid model for turbulent transport to the ETS. It also presents the first results on the application of the ETS to JET tokamak discharges with the ITER like wall. It studies the correlations of the radiation from impurity to the choice of the sources and transport coefficients.


The Connemara region of the western Irish Caledonides records the evolution of a short-lived mid-Ordovician (c. 475–463 Ma) continental magmatic arc that intruded into Dalradian metasedimentary rocks during regional ductile deformation. New U-Pb geochronological data for intermediate intrusive phases and anatexis in southern Connemara are consistent with the relative age succession suggested by field relationships. Calc-alkaline plutons (quartz diorites) were emplaced into the Dalradian sequence and into the Connemara Gabbros at about 467 ± 2 Ma, coeval with anatexis, which was manifested by a 467 ± 2 Ma granitic pegmatite and 468 ± 2 Ma leucosome formation in a metapelite. Metasomatic diopside rocks from west-central Connemara and a calcsilicate rock from southern Connemara yield U-Pb titanite dates of c. 462 ± 2 Ma and 463 ± 2 Ma, respectively. These dates postdate the metamorphic peak by at least five million years and indicate titanite crystallization at a late stage during the metamorphic history. On the basis of U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data we conclude that the cooling history of southern Connemara following anatexis was simple and brief, at a minimum rate of 35°C Ma"1 between 468 and 460 Ma, and 14°C Ma-1 between 460 and 450 Ma.


South Africa intends to mitigate its carbon emissions by developing renewable energy from solar, wind and hydro, and investigating alternative energy sources such as natural gas and nuclear. Low-enthalpy geothermal energy is becoming increasingly popular around the world, largely as a result of technological advances that have enabled energy to be harnessed from relatively low temperature sources. However, geothermal energy does not form part of South Africa's future renewable energy scenario. This omission may be related to insufficient regional analysis of potentially viable geothermal zones across the country. We considered existing subsurface temperature and heat flow measurements and performed solute-based hydrochemical geothermometry to determine potentially anomalous geothermal gradients that could signify underlying low-enthalpy geothermal energy resources. We correlated these findings against hydro/geological and tectonic controls to find prospective target regions for investigating geothermal energy development. Our results show a significant link between tectonic features, including those on-craton, and the development of geothermal potential regions. In addition, potential regions in South Africa share similarities with other locations that have successfully harnessed low-enthalpy geothermal energy. South Africa may therefore have a realistic chance of developing geothermal energy, but will still need additional research and development, including new temperature measurements, and structural, hydrogeological and economic investigations.

Significance:

The regional low-enthalpy geothermal energy potential of South Africa should be further researched for consideration of low-enthalpy geothermal energy as a renewable energy option.


Exception analysis and points-to analysis are typically done in complete separation. Past algorithms for precise exception analysis (e.g., pairing throw clauses with catch statements) use pre-computed points-to information. Past points-to analyses either unsoundly ignore exceptions, or conservatively compute a crude approximation of exception throwing (e.g., considering an exception throw as an assignment to a global variable, accessible from any catch clause). We show that this separation results in significant slowdowns or vast imprecision. The two kinds of analyses are interdependent: neither can be performed accurately without the other. The interdependency leads us to propose a joint handling for performance and precision. We show that our exception analysis is expressible highly elegantly in a declarative form, and can apply to points-to analyses of varying precision. In fact, our specification of exception analysis is "fully precise", as it models closely the Java exception handling semantics. The necessary approximation is provided only through whichever abstractions are used for contexts and objects in the base points-to analysis. Our combined approach achieves similar precision relative to exceptions (exception-catch links) as the best past precise exception analysis, with a runtime of seconds instead of tens of minutes. At the same time, our analysis achieves much higher precision of points-to information (an average of half as many values for each reachable variable for most of the DaCapo benchmarks) than points-to analyses that treat exceptions conservatively, all at a fraction of the execution time.


The occurrence of piping failures in earth structures demonstrates the urgency and importance of studying piping. With this intention, a new piping model was developed in the framework of continuum mixture theory. Assuming that porous media are comprised of solid skeleton phase, fluid phase and fluidized fine particles phase, the fluidized fine particles phase is considered to be a special solute migrating with the fluid phase. The three phases interact while being constrained by the mass conservation equations of the three phases, and a sink term was introduced into the mass conservation equation of the solid skeleton phase to describe the erosion of fluidized fine particles, then a new continuum fluid-particle coupled piping model was established and validated. The validation indicates that the proposed model can predict the piping development of complicated structures under complex boundary and flow conditions, and reflect the dynamic changes of porosity, permeability and pore pressure in the evolution of piping.


Objective: Prior work by the authors empirically describes the secondary market for IPv4 address resources (Mueller, Kuerbis and Asghari 2012). Initial results indicated that the Regional Internet Registries' (RIRs') needs assessment policies introduce significant friction in the IPv4 secondary market and may be inconsistent with organizations' demand and planning time horizons. The objective of this study is to determine whether when the numbers sold in the secondary market that do go through needs assessments are immediately put to use, as the needs assessment is intended to enforce. This will provide greater insight to the role of administrative needs assessment policies in the IP address transfer market.

Hypotheses: We hypothesize that address blocks acquired in the secondary market after needs assessments are not necessarily more likely to be utilized (i.e., publicly routed). Such a finding would suggest that needs assessments retard the secondary market without bringing any compensating benefits such as reducing hoarding. Current policy debates in the RIRs are considering extending the time horizon of, or eliminating entirely, needs based assessment for transferred resources. This is similar to what occurred in spectrum secondary market in US, with the FCC putting aside cumbersome administrative evaluation processes in favor of expediting transfers.

Method: By observing changes in the Internet's routing topology archives and relating it to transfers data, the authors will create and analyze a new dataset describing the extent to which transferred address resources are being utilized in the Internet. Using a script, we also loop over the legacy IP address space, checking the Autonomous System Number associated with tradable prefix blocks in every month of the period of study. The underlying routing data for these lookups comes from the Route-Views archives. The method employed is new and the subject matter (IPv4 secondary market) is relatively unexplored.


This paper describes the syntactic development of three Western Indo-Aryan languages – Punjabi, Gujarati and Rajasthani. Historical changes in the ergative construction are described here as part of the changing syntactic systems of Western NIA languages. The perfect ergative system in Western New Indo-Aryan languages had developed by the time of Middle Indo-Aryan, when for the first time in the history of NIA the whole perfective domain was structured in accordance with the ergative pattern, implying 'passive syntax without active counterpart'. The decline of ergativity in Western NIA went through three distinct stages. In the first of them the process of case merging resulted in the splitting of the consistently ergative case marking system into an ergative and a neutral one. The second stage is characterized by the introduction of special O-markers, which appeared first in the non-ergative and later in the ergative domain. As a result of this, there developed two more case marking systems – the accusative and the tripartite. The greatest divergence in syntactic behavior took place at the third stage of syntactic development, when each of the described languages selected its own ergative model. In contrast to the many different directions in the development of NPs' coding properties, the controlling properties showed a great deal of similarity in the history of Western NIA.


In this study, a model for calculating the bidirectional scattering properties of phosphor layer was established by considering the light absorption and light conversion of phosphor particle simultaneously. Based on the present model, the light extraction efficiency was calculated and validated by comparing with the existing experimental data and models. It is demonstrated that the present model predicts better. The transmission and reflection intensities of blue light and yellow light were found to be the functions of phosphor thickness. There exists a close critical phosphor thickness for reflected blue light and transmitted yellow light. The critical phosphor thickness is relative to the phosphor concentration.


Some basic knowledge of electronics is assumed, but the essential features of RF are fully described, including the important topic of receiver dynamic which is often overlooked in basic textbooks. The theory and circuit descriptions are geared towards genuine design applications rather than the oversimiplifications and skeleton circuits of many college texts. During his career, the late Joe Carr was one of the world's leading writers on electronics and radio, and an authority on the design and use of RF systems. Whether you are looking for a complete self-study course in RF technology, or a concise reference text to dip into, this book has the solution. A complete course in understanding and designing RF circuits ●


Summary
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected with Plasmodium cynomolgi by sporozoite inoculation and the effects of pyrimethamine, sulfamethazine, primaquine, and quinocide (WIN-10,448) given per os, and chloroquine given intramuscularly, were studied by microscopic examination of the tissue (liver) stages obtained at biopsy.
When administration of drug was begun the day before infection and continued for a total of 8 doses, results were as follows:
Pyrimethamine at 2.5 mg/kg/day. No exoerythrocytic parasites could be found in the sections, although blood parasites developed in each of the monkeys 37 and 50 days, respectively, after infection. Exoerythrocytic stages developed normally in the controls.
Primaquine at 3.0 mg/kg/day. No exoerythrocytic parasites could be found in the sections and parasitemia did not develop during the period of observation. Exoerythrocytic stages developed normally in the controls.
When administration of drug was begun on the 6th day after infection and continued for 3, 5 or 10 doses, results were as follows:
Pyrimethamine at 1 mg/kg/day, for 3 or 4 days. Alteration of the parasites was noticeable after 24 hours and morpho-pathological changes continued until disintegration was practically complete at 120 hours. Each of the treated animals developed a delayed parasitemia 33, 40, and 41 days, respectively, after infection.
Pyrimethamine at 1.0 mg/kg/day, plus sulfamethazine at 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days. The curative effect of pyrimethamine was not enhanced and each of the animals showed blood parasites 28 and 29 days respectively, after infection. Exoerythrocytic stages were normal in the controls.
Primaquine at 0.5 mg/kg/day, for 10 days. Before 96 hours, development of the exoerythrocytic stages appeared to have been arrested. At 96 and 120 hours the parasites were shrunken and distorted, and at 144 hours parasites were difficult to find. None were found at 168 and 192 hours. One animal never developed a parasitemia, but each of the others did; one during the treatment regimen and the other on the 26th day after infection. Exoerythrocytic stages were normal in the controls.
Quinocide at 0.5 and at 1.0 mg/kg/day, for 10 days. No alterations of the exoerythrocytic stages were seen at 48 hours. At 120 hours, changes were similar to those produced by primaquine, but less marked although the quinocide dosage was double the primaquine dosage. Blood parasites became patient in each of the monkeys on day 8 after infection. Exoerythrocytic stages in the controls were normal.
Chloroquine given intramuscularly at 25 mg/kg/day, for 3 days. The drug had no effect on the exoerythrocytic stages.
These studies show that it is experimentally feasible to assess the curative effects of drugs by observing the exoerythrocytic parasites directly.


A thorough understanding of the ecosystem factors that can act as drivers of vegetation change, an important factor for projecting impacts of future climate change, requires adequately distinguishing between plant community changes that occur on the local scale or over ecological time scales, and long-term trends. Phytolith assemblages have the potential to provide this information, but little work has been done so far to test their ability to do so in deep time. We examined vegetation patterns inferred from phytoliths (plant silica microfossils) from a single section of the Renova Formation, Timberhills region, Montana, dated to 39.2 ± 3 Ma (late middle Eocene). The section is composed of fl uvial sediments overprinted by paleosols including Alfi sols, Entisols, Inceptisols, and composite paleosols. Phytolith assemblages from 27 paleosol samples were used to reconstruct a high-resolution vegetation history for the area and were compared with paleosol data. Phytoliths are predominantly from forest plants and include tropical elements such as palms (Arecaceae) and gingers (Zingiberales), suggesting a paratropical forest . The high-resolution sampling records heterogeneous vegetation including shifts among closed forest, moderately open forest (forest gaps, edges, and woodland), and grass-dominated habitats. Grasses are interpreted as early open-habitat plants tolerant of drier conditions, but they appear to be replaced by forest vegetation with time, resulting in poor correspondence between paleosol type and phytolith assemblage at some stratigraphic levels, where paleosol morphology indicates a forest ecosystem and the phytolith assemblages indicate a changing grass-forest mixture as a function of depth within the profi les. This is the fi rst study that has used phytoliths to construct a high-resolution record of vegetation from deep time, and we demonstrate that dense sampling and multiproxy approaches to paleo environmental reconstruction are necessary to capture vegetation heterogeneity in time and across microhabitats.


We consider concurrent systems consisting of a finite but unknown number of components , that are replicated instances of a given set of finite state automata. The components communicate by executing interactions which are simultaneous atomic state changes of a set of components. We specify both the type of interactions (e.g. rendezvous , broadcast) and the topology (i.e. architecture) of the system (e.g. pipeline, ring) via a decidable interaction logic, which is embedded in the classical weak sequential calculus of one successor (WS1S). Proving correctness of such system for safety properties , such as deadlock freedom or mutual exclusion, requires the inference of an induc-tive invariant that subsumes the set of reachable states and avoids the unsafe states. Our method synthesizes such invariants directly from the formula describing the interactions , without costly fixed point iterations. We applied our technique to the verification of several textbook examples, such as dining philosophers, mutual exclusion protocols and concurrent systems with preemption and priorities.


Disatnik et al. report studies dissecting the role of the protein kinase C (PKC) substrate MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate) in integrin-induced cell spreading. Their results indicate that MARCKS has two sequential roles: one to promote attachment of the cells to the substrate, and the other to promote cell spreading associated with polymerization and cross-linking of actin. The two phases appear to result from distinct localizations of the MARCKS protein. Within 30 min of plating of mouse myoblasts on fibronectin-coated dishes, α5ß1 integrin-mediated signals cause activation of PKC; dissociation of MARCKS, which is initially associated with the plasma membrane; and movement to the cytosol. When this process was blocked in cells ectopically expressing a MARCKS mutant lacking PKC phosphorylation sites, there was a nearly complete loss of attachment and spreading of cells. At later time points, MARCKS becomes dephosphorylated and returns to the plasma membrane, a process that requires an N-terminal myristoylation domain. Expression of MARCKS in which the myristoylation site was mutated yielded cells that underwent initial attachment but failed to spread. MARCKS is known to directly and indirectly influence actin cross-linking. Thus, the authors propose that the bidirectional translocation of MARCKS provides a key link between integrin signaling and control of cytoskeletal dynamics. M. H. Disatnik, S. C. Boutet, W. Pacio, A. Y. Chan, L. B. Ross, C. H. Lee, T. A. Rando, The bi-directional translocation of MARCKS between membrane and cytosol regulates integrin-mediated muscle cell spreading. J. Cell Sci. 117, 4469-4479 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]


The article examines the figure of the black box in Japanese discourses of the digital, particularly as they apply to attempts to adapt older media, such as broadcast television, to the technological and commercial needs of new media. Analysis focuses on the implementation of the BS Conditional Access Systems (B-CAS) standard with the roll-out of digital broadcast in Japan during the first decade of the 21st century. Although B-CAS's addition reflected an attempt to bring television in line with the needs of contemporary intellectual property strategies, its implementation and defense reveal a wider spread of the black box as a trope of contemporary digital discourse in Japan. More ideological than technical fact, the black box and its imagined opacity serve as a warning against the unsanctioned use of digital technologies, drawing on a metaphor of opacity as a contagion that serves as an ideological stopgap for perceived shortcomings in digital control systems.


Context. The HR 1614 is an overdensity in velocity space and has for a long time been known as an old (∼2 Gyr) and metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≈ +0.2) nearby moving group that has a dissolving open cluster origin. The existence of such old and metal-rich groups in the solar vicinity is quite unexpected since the vast majority of nearby moving groups are known to be young.
Aims. In the light of new and significantly larger data sets than ever before (astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic), we aim to re-investigate the properties and origin of the HR 1614 moving group. If the HR 1614 overdensity is a dissolving cluster, its stars should represent a single-age and single-elemental abundance population.
Methods. To identify and characterise the HR 1614 moving group we use astrometric data from Gaia DR2; distances, extinction, and reddening corrections from the StarHorse code; elemental abundances from the GALAH and APOGEE spectroscopic surveys; and photometric metallicities from the SkyMapper survey. Bayesian ages were estimated for the SkyMapper stars. Since the Hercules stream is the closest kinematical structure to the HR 1614 moving group in velocity space and as its origin is believed to be well-understood, we use the Hercules stream for comparison purposes. Stars that are likely to be members of the two groups were selected based on their space velocities.
Results. The HR 1614 moving group is located mainly at negative U velocities, does not form an arch of constant energy in the U − V space, and is tilted in V. We find that the HR 1614 overdensity is not chemically homogeneous, but that its stars exist at a wide range of metallicities, ages, and elemental abundance ratios. They are essentially similar to what is observed in the Galactic thin and thick discs, a younger population (around 3 Gyr) that is metal-rich (−0.2  ≤  [Fe/H]  ≤  0.4) and alpha-poor. These findings are very similar to what is seen for the Hercules stream, which is believed to have a dynamical origin and consists of regular stars from the Galactic discs.
Conclusions. The HR 1614 overdensity has a wide spread in metallicity, [Mg/Fe], and age distributions resembling the general properties of the Galactic disc. It should therefore not be considered a dissolving open cluster, or an accreted population. Based on the kinematic and chemical properties of the HR 1614 overdensity we suggest that it has a complex origin that could be explained by combining several different mechanisms such as resonances with the Galactic bar and spiral structure, phase mixing of dissolving spiral structure, and phase mixing due to an external perturbation.


"The Poetics of Consent" breaks new ground in Homeric studies by interpreting the Iliad's depictions of political action in terms of the poetic forces that shaped the Iliad itself. Arguing that consensus is a central theme of the epic, David Elmer analyzes in detail scenes in which the poem's three political communities - Achaeans, Trojans, and Olympian gods-engage in the process of collective decision making. These scenes reflect an awareness of the negotiation involved in reconciling rival versions of the Iliad over centuries. They also point beyond the Iliad's world of gods and heroes to the here-and-now of the poem's performance and reception, in which the consensus over the shape and meaning of the Iliadic tradition is continuously evolving. Elmer synthesizes ideas and methods from literary and political theory, classical philology, anthropology, and folklore studies to construct an alternative to conventional understandings of the Iliad's politics. "The Poetics of Consent" reveals the ways in which consensus and collective decision making determined the authoritative account of the Trojan War that we know as the Iliad.


Regional economic development, in its various guises, is deployed throughout much of Australia. Whilst it remains a contested activity, conventional wisdom extols the need to embrace complexity, whilst simultaneously imbuing order and control. Insights from the literature reveal that regional economic development organisations are often the primary interface between government and regional socio-economic systems – two highly dynamic and multidimensional, yet opaque, operational landscapes, characterised by interactive network relationships across place and time. Derived from an analysis of the Regional Development Australia Northern Inland Committee, we find that regional economic strategies may tend to reflect a bias towards structured processes, transactional relationships and hierarchical decisions, which eschew practical complexities. We identify some striking future risks for regional development if extant practice continues as we seek to contribute to a richer understanding of the complexity that confronts economic development policy-makers.


A major bottleneck preventing the economically favourable production of biofuels from cellulose is the high cost of the cellulase enzymes used to convert cellulose into fermentable glucose units. One way to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis is to develop new cellulase systems with enhanced cellulose hydrolysis rates and efficiencies. A better understanding of the relationship between cellulose structure and cellulose hydrolysis mechanisms will facilitate the development of cellulases with sufficiently enhanced hydrolysis rates and efficiencies. To achieve this, I am pursuing the following two research objectives: (i) express a library of evolutionarily diverse endoglucanases representing each of several different glycosyl hydrolase families and tertiary structures; and; (ii) perform detailed characterizations on the enzymes to gain insight into the relationship between cellulase structure and cellulase function. For these studies, I compared the hydrolysis capabilities of a library of novel endoglucanases against Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) cellulase system endoglucanases using the model substrate phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC), a substrate used in commercial ethanol production (pre-treated wheat straw), carboxymethylcellulose glucooligosaccharides and various hemicellulose components found in pretreated lignocellulose feedstocks. About 100 fungal genome sequences were downloaded from public databases. From these, 23 fungal species were selected based on their ability to hydrolyze vascular plant biomass and their evolutionary diversity. The 75 genes encoding endoglucanases selected from 23 fungal species were manually annotated, cloned and expressed using Aspergillus niger as the expression host. Congo Red indicator plate screening revealed that at least 37 of the endoglucanase genes expressed an active secreted endoglucanase (EG). Among the 37 EGs subjected to preliminary biochemical characterization, it was shown that the optimal pH and temperature of the 26 endoglucanases with the highest levels of activity ranged from pH 3.0 to pH 6.0 and from 40 ˚C to 70 ˚C. Based on the results of
this detailed screening, 17 endoglucanases were selected for further analyses that included: assessing their thermostability, assessing their ability to hydrolyze short oligosaccharides, determining their substrate specificity and assessing their ability to enhance the saccharification of cellulosic substrates by the T. reesei cellulase system and various derivatives thereof.


motions create literature and literature expresses emotions. Following this proposition, the current study examines the relative effect of "Waiting for Godot" and "Dr. Faustus" towards the peruser's feelings through HRV biofeedback. The objective of the study is: to determine the comparative impact of "Waiting for Godot" and "Dr. Faustus" towards HRV of the perusers. An aggregate number of 66 members was equally grouped in 3 batches and each member was given the Scripts in Original Text, Paraphrase and Arabic Translation for the maximal cognizance of the messages of the plays and resultantly the optimum excitement of the feelings. Photoplethysmograph Ear Sensor was clung to one of the earlobes of the peruser from one side while its other side was connected to the emWave programme to record the HRV of the peruser. The outcomes exhibit that the two plays influence the feelings of their respective perusers in a different way. The HRV power spectrum demonstrates that the VLF ratio of the perusers of Script 1 rises while LF, HF, Achievement, Coherence and LF/HF Ratio diminish. On the other hand, for Script 2, VLF rate of the perusers diminishes while LF, HF, Achievement, Coherence and LF/HF Ratio rise. From these outcomes, it is unmistakably clear that a piece of literature which talks against the religion of the Muslim perusers makes a negative effect on their feelings and they feel stressed. On the other hand, the writing which passes on the message supporting the religious philosophy of the Muslim perusers positively influences their feelings and they feel relaxed. In general, the consequences of the study demonstrate the concomitant relationship between literature and emotions.


Going Pro with Pro Tools 8 is a powerful guidebook for those who are ready to jump to the next level with Pro Tools and would like some expert tips, tricks, and advice to help them truly master the program. Do you already know how to record MIDI and audio in Pro Tools? Do you know its basic tools and terminology? Do you think and work in musical terms, such as bars and beats? Great, then you?re ready to "go pro" with Pro Tools! The book?s goal is to get you working quickly and using the newest and best features in Pro Tools 8 at a professional level without wasting your time. It provides solutions to common pitfalls (and ways to avoid them) while providing workflow techniques that will speed up your productivity and help you develop your own relationship with this extraordinary audio production system.