When Mickie Siebert arrived in New York in the mid-1950s, she had $500 in her wallet and drove a used Studebaker. Almost fifty years later she is known as the "First Woman of Finance," the only woman to head a publicly traded national brokerage firm. Pithy, vastly entertaining, and full of behind-the-scenes anecdotes, "Changing the Rules" reveals how Siebert forged her phenomenal success in the chaotic and cutthroat world of Wall Street. Three four-letter words are behind Siebert's career success: One is work -- she learned everything there was to know about a company before recommending its stock. The second is luck -- as an analyst in training, she had the good fortune to follow a fledgling industry that nobody else wanted. (The "dog" industry was airlines.) The third word is risk -- she knew how to assess liability and make a decision. Siebert recounts the resistance of the good gray Stock Exchange when she dared to infiltrate the boys' club, threatening to have a Port-O-San delivered to the NYSE luncheon club if they didn't add a women's bathroom. She reveals the backstage stories about saving Lockheed and selling Conrail (at the time, the largest stock offering in Wall Street history), as well as the changes on the Street that led to May Day, 1975, when she was first in line as a discount broker (and considered a pariah by industry standards). She tells of her memorable encounters with such legendary figures as Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, the World War I flying ace who ran Eastern Airlines, and Robert Brimberg, the iconoclastic "Scarsdale Fats" whose investing acumen was the envy of the Street. Writing with equal candor about the politics of finance and the financeof politics, Siebert recalls her five years as Superintendent of Banking for New York State -- when she helped to prevent a national fiscal crisis during the Iran hostage situation -- and her experiences as a pro-choice Republican senatorial candidate. Siebert's reputation for rocking the boat is legendary, and "Changing the Rules" is both a fascinating biography of a true pioneer, and a valuable strategic and informational tool for anyone who deals with or dabbles in the money game.


Herbaceous plants are able to flower any time, give them opportunity to interact with insects. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of pollen collected by Trigona sp. in herbaceous ecosystem and counted the percentage of pollen viability from the pollen basket. Trigona 's nest was adapted at plot and the herbaceous plants with their pollen were identified. Pollen were took from hind legs at 07.00, 08.00 and 09.00 am. Pollen slide were make by acetolysis and SEM methods. Pollen were identified and examined of viability. Identification herbaceous plants and their pollen on plot showed that there were 7 herbaceous plants: Kyllinga monocephala, Cleome rutidosperma, Pennisetum polystachyon, Ageratum conyzoides, Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus orodatus , and Eleutheranthera ruderalis . Otherwise pollen which were collected by Trigona sp. consist of 11 kinds of pollen from 6 families, that were Sapindaceae, Leguminoceae, Loranthaceae, Malvaceae, Symplocaceae, and unidentified family.Viability of pollen ranged from 88.8% to 99.8%. The result of identification herbacious plants and pollen that were taken by Trigona sp. indicated that there was not similarity therefore, it was no interaction between herbaceous plants in the plot with Trigona sp.


l-DOPA remains the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is compromised by complications, particularly dyskinesia. Serotonergic type 1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonists and serotonergic type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonists were, until recently, considered to be promising therapies against dyskinesia. However, there have been some recent high-profile failures in clinical trials, notably with sarizotan, and it seems that these classes of drugs may also impair l-DOPA antiparkinsonian efficacy. A simple explanation for the loss of antiparkinsonian benefit might be lack of good selectivity of these compounds for their respective targets, particularly with respect to off-target actions on dopaminergic receptors or poor dose selection in clinical studies. However, such explanations do not hold broadly when considering the actions of all compounds studied to date, whether in animal models or clinical trials. Here, we review 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor function in PD and provide an anatomically based rationale as to why in some instances 5-HT1A- and 5-HT2A-modulating drugs might worsen parkinsonism, in addition to reducing dyskinesia. We propose that, in addition to selectivity for specific receptor subtypes, to target 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors to alleviate dyskinesia, without worsening parkinsonism, it will be necessary to develop compounds that display anatomical selectivity, targeting corticostriatal transmission, while avoiding 5-HT receptors on ascending serotonergic and dopaminergic inputs from the raphe and substantia nigra, respectively.


Mammalian cells contain proteins that function as endogenous inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) and that act, at least in part, by inhibiting caspases, proteases that mediate signals leading to cell death. In thymocytes, inhibitors of the proteasome, a protein complex that mediates proteolysis of ubiquitin-tagged proteins, can block apoptosis. Yang et al. find that the IAPs have ubiquitin ligase activity and that they appear to catalyze auto-ubiquitination. This activity increases in response to apoptotic stimuli, indicating that regulated proteolysis of IAPs contributes to the control of cell death in thymocytes. Yang, Y., Fang, S., Jensen, J.P., Weissman, A.M., and Ashwell, J.D. (2000) Ubiquitin protein ligase activity of IAPs and their degradation in proteasomes in response to apoptotic stimuli. Science 288: 874-877. [Abstract] [Full Text]


This dissertation explores the social afterlives of forcibly returned clandestine migrants in Senegal. It takes as its starting point, the phenomenon of clandestine boat migration out of Senegal, which saw its peak in 2006, when 40,000 young predominantly male West African boat migrants landed on the shores of the Canary Islands. That same year, 6,000 migrants were forcibly repatriated by the state. In Senegal, where histories of labor migration to Europe are profound, and where migration is an index of masculinity, success, and spiritual devotion, return is frequently experienced as traumatic and shameful. This dissertation argues that clandestine boat migration out ofSenegal between 2005 and 2008 was not simply a response to rising poverty; nor was it an irrational option of last resort for young men. Rather, clandestine migration was an increasingly visible and valued mode of spiritual striving and a means to provide for families. Three temporal lenses—departure, transit, and return—provide the narrative structure through which their experiences are reflected. Departure analyzes why young men decided to depart and what spiritual and financial resources they invested in the migratory project. Transit explores how they experienced passage across the Atlantic as a spiritual, social, and somatic phenomenon, and how they made sense of their encounters with increasingly militarized borders in Africa and Europe. And Return finds them six or seven years after their forced repatriation as they remember the complex host of responses to failure: disappointment and outrage, resistance and faith. Like these temporal lenses, three conceptual frames—hardness, risk, and struggle—are echoed throughout, as these young men struggle against the hardness of life by risking their physical existence to support their families and gain spiritual knowledge through sacrifice. By grounding the analysis in the ethnographic, this dissertation argues that the circulation of bodies and identities is not the result of economic austerity tout court, but is imbricated in systems of social reproduction, religious obedience, and gendered ideations. It further theorizes "failure" as a productive category, wherein performing suffering, mobilizing politics, and enacting spiritual submission and piety constitute a terrain of potential and help to shape an emergent vernacular of value in Senegal. Rather than sit idly by, refoulés, or failed migrants, create spaces of social, political, and economic possibility, suggesting that failure is not always a zone of negation, where an intended outcome is missing, but one in which novel strategies and flexible modes of self-creation are tested, bargained over, and produced. Likewise, the Senegalese state continues to adopt creative measures to "develop" its migrant youth, outsourcing its human services to international agencies and adopting policy transfers from abroad on matters of migration. Such a scenario of global sovereignty motivates youth to seek alliances "elsewhere," with other multinational or non-governmental partners, many of which operate in Senegal. By investigating these overlapping phenomena, this dissertation explores how clandestine migration, state-initiated repatriation and border policies, non-state development interventions, and the ability to imagine a future in the face of failure are all part of growing up for many in West Africa today.


Abstract A new long-offset, long-record crustal-scale seismic survey of 9600 km called JavaSPAN was acquired in the Java Sea and Makassar Strait. The East Java Sea is underlain by continental basement with a prolonged multiphase history of deposition punctuated by extensional and compressional events. This East Java Terrane is a major component of SE Sundaland lying between the Meratus suture, the contemporary Java arc, and the west Sulawesi orogenic belt, but is poorly constrained on the north under the North Makassar Basin and in Kalimantan. A Precambrian to Permo-Triassic sedimentary section up to some 8.5 km in thickness overlies crystalline basement in a number of fault blocks and synformal structures below a strong angular unconformity. A thin overlap assemblage of Cretaceous to early Cenozoic sediments overlies that unconformity. Middle Eocene to Neogene clastic and carbonate rocks overlie another angular unconformity that marks the initiation of a well known history of Palaeogene extension, sag, and Neogene inversion. The East Java Terrane rifted from the Bonaparte-Arafura sector of northern Australia in the Jurassic and accreted onto a magmatic arc on the SW flank of what is now Kalimantan in the Cretaceous.


Abstract We develop three novel enhanced mixed integer-linear representations of the power limit of the battery and its efficiency as a function of the charge and discharge power and the state of charge of the battery, which can be directly implemented in large-scale power systems models and solved with commercial optimization solvers. Using these battery representations, we conduct a techno-economic analysis of the performance of a 10 MWh lithium-ion battery system testing the effect of a 5-min vs. a 60-min price signal on profits using real time prices from a selected node in the MISO electricity market. Results show that models of lithium-ion batteries where the power limits and efficiency are held constant overestimate profits by 10% compared to those obtained from an enhanced representation that more closely matches the real behavior of the battery. When the battery system is exposed to a 5-min price signal, the energy arbitrage profitability improves by 60% compared to that from hourly price exposure. These results indicate that a more accurate representation of li-ion batteries as well as the market rules that govern the frequency of electricity prices can play a major role on the estimation of the value of battery technologies for power grid applications.


The genera Alloplitis Nixon, 1965 and Protapanteles Ashmead, 1898 (subgenus Nyereria Mason, 1981) (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) are newly recorded for Vietnamese fauna. Three valid species of the genus Alloplitis Nixon, 1965 and one species of the subgenus Nyereria Mason [15] are currently recognized from the Oriental region, and in this paper one species is newly recorded for the fauna of Vietnam, Alloplitis guapo Nixon, 1965 and five new species are described and illustrated from Vietnam, Alloplitis albiventris Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., A. laevigaster Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., A. vietnamicus Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., Protapanteles ( Nyereria ) albicentrus Long & van Achterberg, sp. n. and P. ( Nyereria ) yenthuyensis Long & van Achterberg, sp. n.. In collections these genera are rare, probably because Braconidae has been only limited collected by Malaise traps in Vietnam. For recognition of the subfamily Microgastrinae, see Nixon (1965) [10], for division of groups of the genus Apanteles s. l. see Wilkinson (1932) and Nixon (1965, 1967), for reclassification of the subfamily Microgastrinae see Nixon (1965) and Mason (1981). For the terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1993). The scale-lines of the plates indicate 1 mm.


The U.S. equity markets are currently conducting a pilot study of the effects of a larger tick size on market quality and on the rewards for liquidity provision. We show that the larger tick size causes quoted and effective spreads, but also depth, to increase. This raises the cost for retail-sized liquidity demanding orders by almost fifty percent. However, average trade size increases, suggesting that institutions may benefit from the deeper quotes. The larger tick size translates into forty percent higher profits to liquidity providers despite larger price impacts. We attribute these changes mainly to the changes in tick size for displayed quotes, while there are modest or no effects of requiring all trades to execute on a coarser price grid. Moreover, the bulk of the effects occur for tick-constrained stocks which trading costs more than double. By contrast, trading costs for unconstrained stocks decline by more than ten percent. Finally, we document significant spillovers to stocks with unchanged tick size. Our evidence suggests that some market makers left stocks trading in decimals for the more lucrative pilot stocks, and that the reduced competition causes quoted spreads and rewards for liquidity provision to increase also for stocks trading in decimals.


This article presents a proposal for applying the ITU-T end-to-end QoS control architecture for next-generation networks to the distribution smart grid communication networks. We propose the use of a QoS broker device to enhance the QoS in the smart grid electrical distribution access domains by providing a centralization of QoS management. Our proposal takes decisions based on current network data traffic flows, existing QoS policies and customer service level agreements and facilitates interoperability with other technology domains in order to achieve seamless end-to-end QoS. The key feature of this end-toend QoS control is the mapping of QoS parameters mainly between broadband power line and wireless technologies that principally serve the distribution smart grid but it can be applied to other communication technologies as well.


Longstanding debates over the allocation of foreign affairs power between Congress and the President have reached a stalemate. Wherever the formal line between Congress and the President's powers is drawn, it is well established that, as a functional matter, even in times of great discord between the two branches, the President wields immense power when he acts in the name of foreign policy or national security.

And yet, while scholarship focuses on the accretion of power in the presidency, presidential primacy is not the end of the story. The fact that the President usually "wins" in foreign affairs does not mean that the position the President ultimately chooses to take is preordained. Questions of foreign policy and national security engage diverse components of the executive branch bureaucracy, which have overlapping jurisdictions and often conflicting biases and priorities. And yet they must arrive at one executive branch position. Thus the process of decisionmaking, the weight accorded the position of any given decisionmaker, the context in which the decision is made—together these shape the ultimate position the President takes.

This Article explores and critiques the foreign policy role Congress can—and does—play in structuring and rearranging the relative powers of those internal actors, and the processes they take to reach their decisions, in order to influence and even direct the President's ultimate position. Having yielded much of the ground on substance, Congress has an opportunity for a second bite at the apple, and may influence the policy directions of the presidency by manipulating its internal workings. There are risks to deploying "process controls," as I term these measures, in lieu of direct substantive engagement, but I argue that Congress can and should use these tools more instrumentally to influence the course of foreign policy in areas where it is otherwise unlikely to assert itself as a coequal branch and necessary check on presidential power.


This article draws on theories from cognitive stylistics and psychology in order to examine how the construction of narrative worlds contributes to the creation of humour in humorous novels. I suggest that some narrative worlds – referred to as humorous worlds – are designed to enhance the humour of particular elements which appear in them by encouraging a playful interpretation of those elements. In this paper, I outline some of the techniques which writers use to create such humorous worlds, focusing on (a) the elements which are used to build them, (b) the ways in which those elements are combined, and (c) the devices which mark those constructions as humorous. Through a range of examples from novels (by, for example, Heller, Fielding, Pratchett, Amis and Roth), I illustrate how a cognitive stylistic analysis of humour in narratives has the potential to offer some hypotheses not only about reading comprehension, but also about the pleasure of reading.


From the Publisher:
To understand the Information Age one must understand the concept of information as a resource. Like other basic resources, such as energy and materials, information resources are building blocks of society. But unlike energy and materials, they are far more abundant and versatile. Information resources include computers, telecommunications, the mass media, and financial services, all created or changed by the movement from analog to digital. This collection looks at the factors underlying digital technologies as well as the resulting public and strategic policy issues.


OBJECTIVE
The present study was undertaken with a view to validate the traditional use of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels fruit as a hepatoprotective agent.

METHODS
The 70% ethanolic extract of P. acidus fruit (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), and reference drug silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were given to rats of different groups respectively once a day for 5 d and the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (2 mL/kg, subcutaneously) was given on days 2 and 3. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and total protein (TP) were assessed along with liver histopathological examination. The effects on oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also assessed in liver tissue homogenate to evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity. In addition, the effects on hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time were observed and the free radical-scavenging potential was determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) in mice.

RESULTS
P. acidus extracts and silymarin exhibited a significant hepatoprotective effect as evident from the decreases of serum AST, ALT and ALP levels and LPO and increases in the levels of TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx compared with control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The biochemical results were supplemented with results of histopathological sections of the liver tissues. P. acidus extracts considerably shortened the duration of hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice compared with control group (P<0.01) and showed remarkable DPPH-scavenging activity.

CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of P. acidus against CCl4-induced oxidative damage may be related to its antioxidant and free radical-scavenging potentials.


Using social media to communicate at conferences allows more space and time for attendees to join discussions and network. But are these conversational tweets of any use once the drinks reception begins? Nicole Beale and Lisa Harris hope that archiving and visualizing the data will spark new research routes.


(ABSTRACT) In order to save energy consumption in idle states, low duty-cycled operation is widely used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where each node periodically switches between sleeping mode and awake mode. Although efficient toward saving energy, duty-cycling causes many challenges , such as difficulty in neighbor discovery due to asynchronous wakeup/sleep scheduling, time-varying transmission latencies due to varying neighbor discovery latencies, and difficulty on multihop broadcasting due to non-simultaneous wakeup in neighborhood. This dissertation fo-cuses on this problem space. Specifically, we focus on three co-related problems in duty-cycled WSNs: wakeup scheduling, routing and broadcasting. We propose an asynchronous quorum-based wakeup scheduling scheme, which optimizes het-erogenous energy saving ratio and achieves bounded neighbor discovery latency, without requiring time synchronization. Our solution is based on quorum system design. We propose two designs: cyclic quorum system pair (cqs-pair) and grid quorum system pair (gqs-pair). We also present fast offline construction algorithms for such designs. Our analytical and experimental results show that cqs-pair and gqs-pair achieve better trade-off between the average discovery delay and energy consumption ratio. We also study asymmetric quorum-based wakeup scheduling for two-tiered network topologies for further improving energy efficiency. Heterogenous duty-cycling causes transmission latencies to be time-varying. Hence, the routing problem becomes more complex when the time domain must be considered for data delivery in duty-cycled WSNs. We formulate the routing problem as time-dependent Bellman-Ford problem, and use vector representation for time-varying link costs and end-to-end (E2E) distances. We present efficient algorithms for route construction and maintenance, which have bounded time and message complexities in the worst case by ameliorating with β-synchronizer. Multihop broadcast is complex in duty-cycled WSNs due to non simultaneous wakeup in neighborhoods. We present Hybrid-cast, an asynchronous multihop broadcast protocol, which can be applied to low duty-cycling or quorum-based duty-cycling schedules, where nodes send out a beacon message at the beginning of wakeup slots. Hybrid-cast achieves better tradeoff between broadcast latency and broadcast count compared to previous broadcast solutions. It adopts opportunistic data delivery in order to reduce the broadcast latency. Meanwhile, it reduces redundant transmission via delivery deferring and online forwarder selection. We analytically establish the upper bound of broadcast count and the broadcast latency under Hybrid-cast. To verify the feasibility, effectiveness, and performance of our solutions for asynchronous wakeup scheduling, we developed a prototype implementation using Telosb and TinyOS 2.0 WSN platforms. We integrated our algorithms with the existing protocol stack in TinyOS, …


DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious lesions and their misrepair can promote genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. DNA-end resection is a cell cycle-regulated mechanism that is required for the faithful repair of DSBs. We recently discovered that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 (APC/CCdh1) ubiquitin ligase is responsible for the timely degradation of CtBP-interacting protein (CtIP), a key DNA-end resection factor, providing a new layer of regulation of DSB repair in human cells.


This presentation focuses on a recently discovered super-Li rich turnoff star in the old, metal poor globular cluster NGC 6397 (Koch et al. 2011, ApJL, 738, L29). Its unusually high NLTE lithium abundance of A(7Li) = 4.21, the highest Li enhancement found in a Galactic GC dwarf star to date, has defied any unambiguous explanation through canonical enrichment channels. Spectra of the star show no convincing evidence for binarity, and measured line strengths and chemical element abundance ratios are fully compatible with other turnoff stars in this GC, seemingly ruling out mass transfer from an AGB companion as origin of the high A(Li). A possible cause is an interaction with a red giant that has undergone cool bottom processing.


Abstract It has long been assumed that homelessness is a personal choice. As a choice, homelessness is embedded within debates about deviant behaviours and problematic pathologies. The "homeless person" is either making calculated and immoral choices to be homeless, or they are perceived to be powerless agents who lack the capacity to exercise choices. Rarely has it been adequately explained, however, what choosing homelessness means and how people who are homeless make sense of their choices. The structural and individual circumstances that situate and make choices meaningful require robust consideration. Drawing on ethnographic research with people sleeping rough, this article unpacks and illuminates some of the hidden complexities that underpin choices to be homeless. With an objective of retaining people's sense for autonomy, the article contributes to the field by arguing that choice can be understood as an expression of agency and a commitment to a "normal" identity.


A look into Japanese culture by season, both historical and modern, through images and quotations. Illustrations and photographs, each paired with an eloquent quotation, take the reader on a tour of the Land of the Rising Sun in "Japan: Season by Season". The images include some of the earliest photographs taken in Japan, in addition to the work of contemporary photographers, plus traditional and modern prints and designs. The accompanying texts are taken from classic works like "The Tale of Genji", as well as more modern literature, each one revealing a piece of wisdom from the East for each season of the year. Japan has held a certain fascination for many Westerners since its reopening by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1854. Thanks to two centuries of isolation, its classical traditions and customs survived industrialization and globalization, resulting in a unique blending of old and new. This book brings together the historical and the current in a broad portrait of Japanese heritage through the centuries.


We study learning dynamics in a prototypical representative-agent forward-looking model in which agents' beliefs are updated using linear learning algorithms. We show that learning in this model can generate long memory endogenously, without any persistence in the exogenous shocks, depending on the weights agents place on past observations when they update their beliefs, and on the magnitude of the feedback from expectations to the endogenous variable. This is distinctly different from the case of rational expectations, where the memory of the endogenous variable is determined exogenously.


Sexual offending by young people is increasingly viewed as a social problem that requires a strong response, but there is little research on the legal treatment of youthful sex offenders. On the one hand, these youths may be viewed as potential future sex offenders; on the other hand, because of their youth and immaturity they may be considered more reformable than adults and their behaviour more excusable. This article builds on an archival study of 385 sexual offence cases, which were disposed in court and by conference and formal caution, in South Australia from 1995 to 2001. Drawing on the transcripts of 55 cases sentenced by judges (i.e. the most legally serious offences), we analyse sentencing discourses and outcomes using both the explicit and latent content of the sentencing remarks. Specifically, we explore the judges' orientations and aims when sentencing adolescent sex offenders, how judges reconcile the seriousness of offending and the youthfulness of offenders and how they balance the competing interests of victims and offenders. Two major findings emerge. First, the cases fell in a three-way typology patterned by the victims' age, the context of the offence and the offender's criminal history. Second, our study suggests that while youth court judges consider sexual offending against children as very serious and are concerned by future offending, they do not adopt a punitive approach, but rather a therapeutic and rehabilitative perspective at sentencing.


Spiritual development is a major theme in Eliot's poetry. Most previous criticism, both that focused on the life and that focused on the poetry has represented his spiritual biography either as being purely Christian or as being divided into two stages (atheist and Anglican respectively). Other criticism has highlighted non-Christian influences in Eliot's poetry, but without considering how they interact with his Christianity. In fact, Eliot developed two kinds of belief: the first an exoteric belief which presents him formally as an Anglican, and the second an esoteric, more private spirituality, expressed through his poetry in which Eliot incorporates multiple beliefs into one new whole. Even after conversion, Eliot's poetry continues to present Christian and non-Christian themes which show continuity with his earlier poetry. This thesis argues that Eliot's belief, as developed through his poetry, is a highly unconventional version of belief which constructs a new spirituality from elements of Unitarianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sufism and Anglicanism.Eliot started his spiritual journey at an early stage. Although his early poems do not give a clear idea about his beliefs, they show the initial shaping and incorporation of multiple themes. The early chapters of this thesis examine the shaping of Eliot's unconventional belief. In early poems, Eliot uses the method of observing places and people and relating episodes as well as experimenting with the poetic forms in order to convey his spiritual views. He also presents modem civilisation and urban aspects, like traffic, as hostile to any spiritual experience. The sixth and seventh chapters investigate how Eliot develops the same themes of earlier poems such as Indie concepts of karma, reincarnation, Nirvana; Sufi images of travel and symbols of spirituality; Christian themes of Original Sin and Incarnation and Unitarian interests in people's everyday life rather than afterlife, using fewer episodes and more wisdom-like method. The final chapter, in particular, shows that, by Four Quartets, the urban landscape is used by Eliot as a possible host for meditation and enlightenment. It also examines Four Quartets as Eliot's complete spiritual statement which marks the culmination of his unique experience of constructing his individual unorthodox belief. The main focus in this thesis is on the themes. However, an examination of the form is provided whenever the form particularly highlights the themes.


The present article presents the most essential principles of the British constitution, namely its four most renowned principles: parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law, a unitary state and a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. As they have arisen over a centuries-long political process, their meanings and significance have caused controversy. Presenting them from the historical perspective provides a context for clarifying some of the myths that appear to have pervaded any discussion on the British constitution. The historical context and the division of the text into three major parts results from a view advocated by many theoreticians of the British state, who see its constitution as a product of the past cumulative experience rather than any definite political action. The article also attempts to explore the most important and contentious issues that have become focal points for current political discussion in the post-1997 reforms time, a period when the Labour party has introduced its reform agenda. It presents the first tangible outcomes of the introduced measures and their impact on the understanding of the traditional British constitution.


The need for renewable and green energy sources to replace fossil fuel with the incrementally rising prices is driving many researchers to work on narrowing the gap between the most scientific innovative clean energy technologies and the concepts of feasibility and cost-effective solutions. The current paper aims to introduce one aspect of Green Energy; the use of Hydrogen as fuel for marine power plants, to replace all kinds of fossil fuels which are the major responsible of harmful emissions. There are three applications for hydrogen in marine field. These applications include hydrogen internal combustion engines, hydrogen gas turbines, and fuel cells. The main problems associated with the application of hydrogen in internal combustion engines are the engine knocking; air fuel ratio and intake temperature. The research programs for the application of hydrogen in gas turbines concentrate on studying the characteristics of hydrogen combustion inside gas turbine combustors. The third application of hydrogen is fuel cells. Huge developments have been achieved in this sector over the past few years. But for the marine field only the naval vessels market used it for auxiliary power generation.


Takayasu's arteritis can involve the ostia of coronary arteries. We report a patient with Takayasu's arteritis involving the ostia of three large coronary arteries who was successfully treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent (DES) and had a good clinical outcome after 12 months. A 37-year-old male with unstable angina was admitted to our cardiovascular center. The patient had Takayasu's arteritis and an aortic valve replacement with a metallic valve due to severe aortic regurgitation 7 years previously. Coronary angiography (CAG) showed a 95% discrete eccentric luminal narrowing at the ostia of the large left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries, and a 99% discrete eccentric luminal narrowing at the ostium of the large right coronary artery (RCA). The patient was treated with prednisolone for 14 days. Two large paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) were then implanted in the distal left main coronary artery using the kissing stent technique. After 6 months, a CAG did not reveal restenosis or recurrent coronary artery disease. Thus, PCI with a DES for patients with significant coronary involvement secondary to Takayasu's arteritis is an effective and an alternative treatment when coronary bypass grafting is not option.


Satellites generate data through their instruments as they hover in orbit. Satellite data is widely used in weather forecasts, environmental science, for military purposes, earth observation and more. The world depend on satellite data, for many purposes. As satellite technology moves forward, the amount of data generated per orbit increases. Satellites are not equipped with unlimited storage capacity, meaning that the generated data must be transmitted to a ground station at some point in orbit. Satellites transmit data through the use of radio waves, and have the later years used X-, S-, L-band, among others. An increase in generated data, require an increase in the transfer rates between the satellite and ground station. Therefore, the satellite industry will, in near future, build satellites using KA-band using a higher frequency area providing larger bandwidth. The increase in generated data forces the increase in data transmission rate, which require high performance ground stations that can capture incoming high rate data. A ground station's purpose is to capture the received satellite data,without data loss. Until today several capturing systems provide rates between 1 and 3gbps, depending on the band used, modulation, whether near real-time processing is offered or not andwhether data is actually captured and stored within the same chassis[60, 4, 73, 36]. With KA-band, the rates can exceed 10gbps, and it is the industry mission to provide systems that can capture such data rates. This thesis evaluate the next generation technology used to capture data, determining the bottleneck in the setup used today through the analysis tool developed, and further resolving them. The changes suggested in this thesis are tested and evaluated, and show that the next generation servers can capture 10gbps with the hardware and software available, which is higher than any other related system found.


The hydrolysis of chitin (93% N-acetylation) by hydrochloric acid produced N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides (NACOs) with low degrees of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 6. The HPLC retention time of NACOs decreased with increased water content in the mobile phase. A gradient elution procedure, using acetonitrile to water (v/v) ratio lowered linearly from 80/20 to 60/40 within 60 min, provided optimal resolution and characterization for the NACOs. The natural logarithm of the retention time of NACOs correlated linearly with the DP values. Hydrolysis of chitin followed a series-parallel reaction mechanism. At the same time the NACOs with higher DP's were generated from chitin, and were degraded by hydrochloric acid to form products with lower DP's. More NACOs with higher DP's were produced under conditions with higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid and a shorter reaction period. Higher temperatures facilitated the generation of NACOs with lower DP's.


On January 18, 1914, seven male poets gathered to eat a peacock. W. B. Yeats and Ezra Pound, the celebrities of the group, led four lesser-known poets to the Sussex manor house of the man they were honouring, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt: the poet, horse-breeder, Arabist, and anti-imperialist married to Byron's only granddaughter. In this story of the curious occasion that came to be known as the 'peacock dinner,' immortalized in the famous photograph of the poets standing in a row, Lucy McDiarmid creates a new kind of literary history derived from intimacies rather than 'isms.' The dinner evolved from three close literary friendships, those between Pound and Yeats, Yeats and Lady Gregory, and Lady Gregory and Blunt, whose romantic affair thirty years earlier was unknown to the others. Through close readings of unpublished letters, diaries, memoirs, and poems, in an argument at all times theoretically informed, McDiarmid reveals the way marriage and adultery, as well as friendship, offer ways of transmitting the professional culture of poetry. Like the women who are absent from the photograph, the poets at its edges (F.S. Flint, Richard Aldington, Sturge Moore, and Victor Plarr) are also brought into the discussion, adding interest by their very marginality. This is literary history told with considerable style and brio, often comically aware of the extraordinary alliances and rivalries of the 'seven male poets' but attuned to significant issues in coterie formation, literary homosociality, and the development of modernist poetics from late-Victorian and Georgian beginnings. Poets and the Peacock Dinner is written with critical sophistication and a wit and lightness that never compromise on the rich texture of event and personality.


Researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center have released final findings of a Phase I trial of an investigational drug, radiolabeled J591, in patients with advanced prostate cancer. J591 is a de-immunized monoclonal antibody therapeutic that was developed at Weill Cornell Medical College. In this trial, published in the July 1 issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, the antibody delivered radiation directly to prostate cancer sites. The treatment was well tolerated and demonstrated anti-tumor activity. As a result of these promising findings, a Phase II protocol designed to evaluate anti-tumor activity of radiolabeled J591 has been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration and is expected to begin patient entry later this year. This multi-center trial will be led by NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell along with NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. J591 works by targeting a molecule called prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein located on the surface of all prostate cancer cells. PSMA expression is minimal in normal prostate tissue and is greatly increased in prostate cancer. In this trial, J591 was labeled with -- or carried -- a radioactive isotope. The goal of this targeted therapeutic approach is to use J591 to selectively deliver radiation to the tumor cells, thereby minimizing exposure of radiation to normal cells. Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in men. Once cancer cells escape the prostate, the current standard of care is hormonal treatment. Hormonal therapy causes side effects -- including hot flashes, sweats, weight gain, muscle wasting, thinning of the bone, fatigue, weakness, and anemia. Furthermore, hormonal therapy is palliative and not curative; all patients ultimately become refractory to its effects. "Early results with J591 suggest that it is a promising new approach that could fill a substantial, unmet medical need," said lead study investigator Neil H. Bander, M.D., the Bernard and Josephine Chaus Professor of Urologic Oncology at Weill Cornell Medical College, and Director of Urologic Oncology and Attending Urologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell. "We are encouraged to continue studies to assess the optimal dose, schedule, and duration of therapy so that the role of this targeted compound in the treatment of prostate cancer can be determined." Study Findings The published clinical trial evaluated the effects of the radioisotope [90]Y (Yttrium) attached to J591. The study included 29 patients whose prostate cancer had spread throughout the body and whose disease was progressing despite both hormonal treatment and, in almost 40% of cases, chemotherapy. In this Phase I study, the dose of isotope attached to J591 was progressively increased in groups of patients in order to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The radiolabeled antibody was found to be well tolerated by the patients; blood tests revealed an expected drop in platelet and white blood cell counts that spontaneously returned to or near normal. The maximum tolerated dose of the radiolabeled antibody was determined in this clinical trial. Although this was a Phase I trial, designed primarily to define dose and toxicity rather than anti-tumor response, J591 demonstrated anti-tumor activity. Radiolabeled J591 reduced prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels by as much as 85% and measurable tumor lesions by 90% for periods of up to and beyond eight months. PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells that can be detected in the blood. In prostate cancer patients, changes in PSA levels generally reflect whether a prostate cancer is worsening or improving. Several previous clinical trial publications have indicated that treatment-related PSA declines of greater than 50% correlate with improved survival. In addition to Dr. Bander, collaborating authors on the study included Drs. Matthew I. Milowsky (first author), David M. Nanus, Lale Kostakoglu, Shankar Vallabhajosula, and Stanley J. Goldsmith -- all of NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell. The study was funded by the NIH General Clinical Research Center Program; the Cancer Research Institute; the David H. Koch Foundation; the Peter Sacerdote Foundation; the Robert H. McCooey Memorial Cancer Research Fund; BZL Biologics, Inc.; and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. About Prostate Cancer According o the National Cancer Institute, there are approximately 1.7 million men living in the U.S. with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. To this number, approximately 230,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed, and 29,900 men will die of the disease this year in the United States. The five-year survival rate of men with prostate cancer is 89%, with this percentage jumping to 100% if the cancer is found before it metastasizes (spreads to another area of the body). Today, there is a tremendous, unmet medical need for treating the disease, particularly for end-stage or hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Early detection is important, and the American Cancer Society recommends that men over the age of 50 have a PSA blood test every year. Coupled with a digital rectal exam (DRE), the PSA is a very useful test for determining which men need further evaluation. About J591 Development Plans The monoclonal antibody J591 was developed in the laboratory of Dr. Neil Bander at Weill Cornell Medical College and licensed to BZL Biologics, Inc. Dr. Bander serves as a consultant to BZL Biologics, Inc. In April 2001, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: MLNM) entered into an agreement with BZL Biologics, L.L.C., for the joint development and commercialization of antibody-based therapeutics targeting PSMA, including both chemotherapeutic agent conjugated and radio-labeled products. These products include MLN2704 and J591RL. Millennium currently has exclusive development and worldwide marketing rights to these products. About NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, located in New York City, is one of the leading academic medical centers in the world, comprising the teaching Hospital NewYork-Presbyterian and its academic partner Weill Cornell Medical College. NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell provides state-of-the-art inpatient, ambulatory, and preventive care in all areas of medicine, and is committed to excellence in patient care, research, education, and community service. Along with Weill Cornell, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons is NewYork-Presbyterian's major academic affiliate. For more information contact: Office of Public Affairs; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell; 525 East 68th Street, Box 144; New York, New York 10021 USA; Tel.: 212.821.0560; Fax: 212.821.0576; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Extremely High Synchrotron Peak (EHSP) blazars are observed to form a
small population of sources with high energy hump peaking at TeV
energies in their broad-band spectral energy distributions. The observed gamma-ray emission from these sources at GeV-TeV energies is described by unusual hard spectral indices. The observed spectral and temporal characteristics of these sources challenge the standard leptonic models for the broad-band emissions from blazars. Therefore, such sources provide astrophysical sites to investigate directly the particle acceleration, cooling of relativistic particles and indirectly probe the cosmological quantities like extragalactic background light (EBL) and intergalactic magnetic field (IMF) in the Universe. In this study, we investigate the spectral properties of the gamma-ray emission from EHSP blazars using observations from the Fermi-LAT catalogues (3FGL and 3FHL) along with the TeV observations using ground based telescopes. The observed TeV gamma-ray spectra are corrected for the EBL absorption using the most recent and updated EBL models to determine the intrinsic spectrum at the source. The intrinsic TeV spectra are combined with the MeV-GeV observations from the Fermi-LAT to study the gamma-ray emission from EHSP blazars in the broad energy band. The intrinsic gamma-ray spectra are then used to estimate the position of high energy peak in the spectral energy distribution. We also present the qualitative description for the observed spectral properties of EHSP blazars using different physical scenarios and discuss their importance for the upcoming CTA observatory.


A brief overview of week long making workshop sessions and account of the learning environment as a student led entity in this rural landscape.

LT Ranch Project Space is located in a remote rural area in NE Lithuania. Several events have occurred in recent years, most recently; Summer School 2011. 10 students (from 5 countries) contributed from: UALChelsea MA ISD and UCA-CSA BA. Since 2005, this Space and its infrequent inhabitation has begun to shape the landscape, localness and mischief through inventions of making and stuttering discourse. The clients are students, artists, friends, myself (translator and contextualizer). Duration: between 5-7 days. This is a self-sustained environment and collaborative place. Well water, a barn-hotel/house, cooking prep: indoors/cooking on the fire at the dining area, WC without a flush handle. There is phone reception but no internet, a lake fifteen minutes walk away in case the well runs dry or the Soviet electrical infrastructure of the hamlet fails. Problem solving within the everyday rural condition plays a part of the tacit learning. Participants become quickly aware of the fragility of these relationships. Those who choose to travel there are the primary creators of various projects, encouraging the imaginary, testing ideas, filling in a 'lack' (playground, swing, robots etc), dining area. Dialogues occur in several languages, gestures and dialects. The validity of ideas, individual experiences brought to the Space are profoundly relevant and encourages peer-based learning. These ideas evolve by the end of the first day, providing a taxonomy of materials and processes the project requires, assessment, improvisation, budgeting and sourcing, implementation, siting, celebration (not always in that order). The dissemination of these events is within an on-line archive of images, films, texts, storytelling. Each years plans evolve from the year before, conversations from the meanwhile and feedback from participants. This case study will attempt a dialogue of why this Project Space may be successful through failure and the meanwhile of creating place.


BACKGROUND
An increase in mortality has been documented in association with paramedic rapid sequence intubation (RSI) of severely head-injured patients. This analysis explores the impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome.

METHODS
Adult severely head-injured patients (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8) unable to be intubated without neuromuscular blockade underwent paramedic RSI using midazolam and succinylcholine; rocuronium was administered after confirmation of tube position. Standard ventilation parameters were used for most patients; however, one agency instituted use of digital end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and oxygen saturation (Spo2) monitoring during the trial. Each patient undergoing digital ETCO2/Spo2 monitoring was matched to three historical nonintubated controls on the basis of age, gender, mechanism, and Abbreviated Injury Scale scores for each of six body regions. Logistic regression was used to explore the impact of oxygen desaturation during laryngoscopy and postintubation hypocapnia and hypoxia on outcome. The relationship between hypocapnia and ventilatory rate was explored using linear regression and univariate analysis. In addition, trial patients and controls were compared with regard to mortality and the incidence of "good outcomes" using an odds ratio analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 426 trial patients, a total of 59 had complete ETCO2/Spo2 monitoring data; these were matched to 177 controls. Logistic regression revealed an association between the lowest ETCO2 value and final ETCO2 value and mortality. Matched-controls analysis confirmed an association between hypocapnia and mortality. A statistically significant association between ventilatory rate and ETCO2 value was observed (r = -0.13, p < 0.0001); the median ventilatory rate associated with the lowest recorded ETCO2 value was significantly higher than for all other ETCO2 values (27 mm Hg vs. 19 mm Hg, p < 0.0001). In addition, profound desaturations during RSI and hypoxia after intubation were associated with higher mortality than matched controls. Overall mortality was 41% for trial patients versus 22% for matched controls (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-4.72; p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
Hyperventilation and severe hypoxia during paramedic RSI are associated with an increase in mortality.


The transverse cooling of a beam of sodium atoms in an axisymmetric light field formed by a reflecting axicon is studied. It is shown that transverse cooling leads to a decrease in angular divergence (collimation) of the atomic beam. The transverse velocities of the beam are reduced from 5.5 × 102 to 1.6 × 102 cm/sec, which corresponds to the decrease in effective transverse temperature of the beam from T = 42 to T = 3.3 mK. The spatial and velocity distributions of the atomic beam are calculated numerically. It is found that theory and experiment are in good agreement.


Pricing methodologies in Medicare vary from one component of the system to another, often leading to conflicting incentives. The dialysis program represents a particularly interesting case, whereby outpatient payments are much more rigid than payments for related hospital care. Failure to recognize the preventive nature of outpatient services may result in inefficient allocation of medical care and higher overall costs. To motivate the analysis, a simple extension of basic prevention and insurance theory to fit a welfare-maximizing regulator is offered. I show that while optimal inpatient payments are standard Ramsey prices, optimal outpatient payments must incorporate net loss due to unnecessary hospitalizations, as well as supply elasticities. A myopic regulator will tend to ignore this, leading to underprovision of preventive services. With constant prices, empirical analysis examines the effect of dialysis intensity on various measures of hospital use, for a local sample of patients, using count data models. Results indicate that greater dialysis intensity (measured by a state-of -the-art clinical index) indeed reduces hospital use. Moreover, this is found even at moderate or high levels of intensity, where dialysis is viewed ex ante as being adequate. A simple cost-benefit calculation suggests that for every dollar of additional spending on outpatient intensity, nearly $2 in hospital expenditures can be saved. The research confirms that the current pricing structure within aspects of the Medicare program is inefficient.


Cyber risks are the newest risks of the 21st century. The breadth and cost of cyber attacks are astonishing. Worldwide damages caused by cyber attack are predicted to reach $6 trillion by 2021. Between 2015 and 2017, ransomware damages alone increased from $325 million to approximately $5 billion. In 2017, WannaCry ransomware shut down over 300,000 computer systems across 150 countries.
On April 13, 2018, the Penn State Law Review held a symposium to discuss the evolution of cyber risks and cyber insurance. The symposium was comprised of an eclectic group of legal practitioners and scholars who presented four articles. This paper introduces the articles that appear in the symposium issue. The articles analyze whether cyber risks are systemic risks, whether traditional lines of property and liability insurance cover cyber risks, and how the coverages provided under cyber risk policies have evolved since they initially were created and sold in the 1990s.


Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudinal study, which was conducted based on Iranian Statistics Centre and Central Bank annual surveys. Firstly we calculated the households food and health expenditure ratios. Then we calculated the Gini coefficients and Atkinson index by using STATA version 12. Results: The mean of rural households food and health expenditure ratios were 0.53 and 0.37 respectively. Also these were 0.53 and 0.22 for urban households. All above inequality levels are based on Gini coefficients.


As we are moving toward a eurozone banking union, the European Central Bank (ECB) is going to take over the regulatory oversight of 128 banks in November 2014. To that end, the ECB conducted a comprehensive assessment of these banks, which included an asset quality review (AQR) and a stress test. The fundamental question is how accurately will the financial condition of these banks have been assessed by the ECB when it commences its regulatory oversight? And, can the comprehensive assessment lead to a full repair of banks' balance sheets so that the ECB takes over financially sound banks and is the necessary regulation in place to facilitate this? Overall, the evidence presented in this paper based on the design of the comprehensive assessment as well as own stress test exercises suggest that the ECB's assessment might not comprehensively deal with the problems in the financial sector and risks may remain that will pose substantial threats to financial stability in the eurozone.


The European Competition Law Annual 2004 is ninth in a series of volumes following the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate that took place at the ninth edition of the workshop (11-12 June 2004), which examined the relationship between competition law and the regulation of (liberal) professions. The (liberal) professions and the rules governing their functioning have become of interest for EC competition law enforcement since the early nineties, making the object of a series of Commission decisions and judgments of the European courts. The subject has gained in importance in the perspective of the recent decentralisation of EC antitrust enforcement. The regulation of (liberal) professions is also a matter of increasing concern from the perspective of freedom of services in the internal market. The workshop participants - a group of senior representatives of the Commission and the national competition authorities of some Member States, reknown international academics and legal practitioners - discussed the economic, legal and political/institutional issues that arise in the relationship between competition law and the regulation of (liberal) professions.


The Rover toolkit combines relocatable dynamic objects and queued remote procedure calls to provide unique services for roving mobile applications. A relocatable dynamic object is an object with a well-defined interface that can be dynamically loaded into a client computer from a server computer (or vice versa) to reduce client-server communication requirements. Queued remote procedure call is a communication system that permits applications to continue to make non-blocking remote procedure call requests even when a host is disconnected, with requests and responses being exchanged upon network reconnection. The challenges of mobile environments include intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth, and channel-use optimization. Experimental results from a Rover-based mail reader, calendar program, and two non-blocking versions of World-Wide Web browsers show that Rover's services are a good match to these challenges. The Rover toolkit also offers advantages for workstation applications by providing a uniform distributed object architecture for code shipping, object caching, and asynchronous object invocation.


Objective: It was aimed to investigate the application of different imaging methodologies in the grading of lumbar Brucella spondylitis, and to evaluate the value of Transforaminal Lumbar Intervertebral Body Debridement and Fusion (TLIDF) in the treatment.
Methods: 22 patients who had undergone lumbar surgery for Brucella spondylitis were recruited in this study. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were monitored before and after the surgery, and all patients were followed up after discharge to assess the treatment efficacy.
Results: 72.8% of the patients had middle stage Brucella spondylitis, with 22.7% and 4.5% of the patients fell into early and late stage, respectively. 20 out of 22 patients received TLIDF surgery. No relapse or complications were observed during follow-up in all patients. Compared with their presurgery levels, ESR and CRP decreased significantly in these patients after the surgery. Besides, postsurgery VAS and ODI scores also had a significantly improvement compared with the values before surgery (all p<0.05).
Conclusion: Lumbar Brucella spondylitis had different characteristics on image examinations at different stages of the disease. TLIDF was an effective surgical approach to eliminate symptoms and processed long-term clinical efficacy.


The study investigated potential of enhancing precipitation through cloud seeding during October-November-December (OND) season. Rainfall, cloud top temperature (CTT), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and wind data were used. Short-Cut Bartlett correlation, composite wind and time series analysis, and HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis were used to achieve the objectives of study. Precipitation showed decreasing patterns with peaks between pentad 65 and 68. Delineated dry years (18) exceeded wet years (9). Low level winds were predominantly north-easterly during dry years characterized by continental trajectory. AOD values increased in all stations during dry year with aerosol load being higher in areas characterized by depressed rainfall. Pollutants suspended 1000 above mean sea level (AMSL) originated from Arabian and India subcontinent and pollutants suspended below 1000 AMSL were predominantly south easterly during wet years originated from Western Indian Ocean and characterized by maritime trajectory. Mean CTT during dry/wet years were positve over coastal areas while central, Rift-valley and Lake Victoria basin showed negative values, indicating presence of seedable conditions and thus potential cloud seeding to enhance rainfall and alleviate existing water stress.


Between the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth the birth and development of a flourishing financial market provided the English stage with a variety of new characters, situations and subjects. Most of the plays were written and/or performed in 1720, when the bursting of the South Sea Bubble bit many, but a number of other works had already been composed. In spite of their different aims–some purely satirical, others more curious or documentary–they all shared the interest in the fascinating new language of the market and, in some measure, contributed to its formation and development.


Extensive experimental research has been devoted to the study of behaviour in laboratory settings related to public goods, common-pool resources, and other social dilemmas.  When subjects are anonymous and not allowed to communicate, they tend not to cooperate.  To the surprise of game theorists, however, simply allowing subjects to communicate in a laboratory setting enables them to achieve far more cooperative outcomes.  This finding has now been replicated in many laboratory experiments in multiple countries and in some initial field experiments.  Carefully conducted laboratory experiments do have strong internal validity.  External validity, however, requires further research beyond the initial field experiments that have already been conducted.  In this paper, we report on a series of common-pool resource field experiments conducted in eight indigenous communities in India that have very long traditions of shared norms and mutual trust.  Two experimental designs were used in all eight villages: a "no-communication" game that was repeated in ten rounds where no one was allowed verbal or written communication and a "communication game" in which the same five participants were allowed to communicate with each other at the beginning of each round before making their decisions.  The findings from these field experiments are substantially different from the findings of similar experiments conducted in experimental laboratories.  Subjects tended to cooperate in the first design even in the absence of communication.  The shared norms in these indigenous communities are so deeply embedded that communication is not needed to adopt cooperative decisions.  Communication does, however, tend to homogenize group and individual outcomes so that communities that are overly cooperative tend to reduce cooperation slightly and those with small deviations in the other direction tend to move toward the optimal solution.


Australian Feminist Judgments is a collection of fictional judgments for real Australian cases that have been rewritten by Australian scholars from the perspective of a feminist judge. Each judgment is introduced by a commentary, written by a different scholar, explaining the legal and historical context of the original decision and the choices made by the feminist judge. This review essay locates the collection within more general debates surrounding judgment writing, particularly leading Australian extra-judicial commentary on how and why judgments are written. Against this larger plane, we consider a number of the key issues raised by the collection about judgment writing, including the significance of recounting the facts of a case, the uses of formalist judicial method and the capacity of judgments to effect change. Drawing on a number of examples from the collection, this review essay contends that Australian Feminist Judgments makes a valuable contribution not only to contemporary feminist debates, but also to issues going to the heart of judicial practices and judgment.


With the increase of wind power capacity, wind energy is now becoming an essential part of energy production system. High wind power penetration may increase the instability of grid due to the characteristic of wind. Fortunately, with the development of power electronics, it is possible to provide a relatively stable energy production by applying power electronics to wind turbine.

Due to the complexity of wind turbine, a generic dynamic model of wind turbine can be helpful. The objective of the work is to develop a general wind turbine models that can be used for investigations.

The report had tracked the theory of wind turbine and its development, three different kinds of wind turbine are included, which are fixed speed wind turbine, variable slip wind turbine and doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine. Fundamental working theory and a model built by Matlab was provided for each of technology.

Assessment for the models was done to prove that it has the ability to reflect the characteristic of wind turbine. Despite from that, the models were done in three phase, so it has the ability to do with load flow analysis or grid stability.


Background
Emerging evidence suggests that helminth infections are associated with lower insulin resistance (IR). Current deworming programs might remove this helminth-associated protective effect. Therefore, we evaluated the anthelmintic treatment effect on changes in IR.

Methods
We conducted a double-blind, household-cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on Flores island, Indonesia, an area endemic for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). All subjects received 4 rounds of albendazole or matching placebo with 3-month intervals, for 3 consecutive days. The primary outcome was the change in homeostatic model assessment of IR in those aged >16 years. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed involving all subjects and ad hoc in the helminth-infected subjects.

Results
We examined 797 (in 329 households) and 872 (in 353 households) subjects, who were assigned randomly into the albendazole and placebo arms, respectively. Albendazole was associated with a significant reduction in STH prevalence, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil count. Whereas albendazole had no effect on IR (estimated treatment effect, 0.006 [95% confidence interval, -.010 to .021]; P = .48) at the community level, it was associated with a significant increase in IR (estimated treatment effect, 0.031 [95% confidence interval, .004 to .059]; P = .04) (P value for interaction = .01) among helminth-infected subjects as detected by microscopy. Pathway analysis suggested that this might in part be due to an increased body mass index or a reduced eosinophil count.

Conclusions
Anthelmintic treatment reduces STH prevalence, total IgE, and eosinophil count but has no effect on IR at the community level. In helminth-infected subjects, treatment significantly increases IR, highlighting the need for metabolic health monitoring with ongoing deworming programs.

Clinical Trials Registration
ISRCTN 75636394.


Studies of online dating suggest that physical attraction is a key factor in early relationship formation, but say little about the role of attractiveness in longer-term relationships. Meanwhile, assortative coupling and exchange models widely employed in demographic research overlook the powerful sorting function of initial and sustained physical attraction. This article observes the effects of one physical characteristic of men--height--on various relationship outcomes in longer-term relationships, including spouses' attributes, marriage entry and stability, and the division of household labor. Drawing on two different cohorts from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the authors show that (1) height-coupling norms have changed little over the last three decades, (2) short, average, and tall men's spouses are qualitatively different from one another (3) short men marry and divorce at lower rates than others and (4) both men's height relative to other men and their height relative to their spouse are related to the within-couple distribution of household labor and earnings. These findings depict an enduring height hierarchy among men on in the spousal marriage market. Further, they indicate that at least one physical characteristic commonly associated with physical attraction influences the formation, functioning, and stability of longer-term relationships.


Pavement profile or smoothness has been identified nationally as a good measure of highway user satisfaction. This has led highway engineers to measure profiles of both operating and new highways. Operational highway profiles are often measured with high-speed inertial profilers. New highway profiles are usually measured with profilographs in order to establish incentives or disincentives for pavement construction. In most cases, these two processes do not measure the same value from the "cradle to grave" life of pavements. In an attempt to correct the inconsistency between measuring techniques, lightweight profilers intended to produce values to be used for construction acceptance are being made that measure the same profile as high-speed inertial profilers. Currently, two profiler systems have been identified that can measure pavement profile during construction. This research has produced a field evaluation of the two systems. The profilers evaluated in this study are able to detect roughness in the final profile, including localized roughness and roughness at joints. Dowel basket ripple is a significant source of pavement surface roughness. The profilers evaluated in this study are able to detect dowel basket ripple with enough clarity to warn the paving crew. String-line disturbances degrade smoothness. The profilers evaluated in this study are able to detect some string-line disturbances during paving operations. The profilers evaluated in this study are not currently able to produce the same absolute International Roughness Index (IRI) values on the plastic concrete that can be measured by inertial profilers on the hardened concrete. Construction application guidelines are provided.


We propose a novel bound on single-variable marginal probability distributions in factor graphs with discrete variables. The bound is obtained by propagating local bounds (convex sets of probability distributions) over a subtree of the factor graph, rooted in the variable of interest. By construction, the method not only bounds the exact marginal probability distribution of a variable, but also its approximate Belief Propagation marginal ("belief"). Thus, apart from providing a practical means to calculate bounds on marginals, our contribution also lies in providing a better understanding of the error made by Belief Propagation. We show that our bound outperforms the state-of-the-art on some inference problems arising in medical diagnosis.


Background Internationally, studies have shown that childhood violence is associated with chronic pain in adulthood. However, to date, this relationship has not been examined in any indigenous population. Objective The main objectives of this study were to investigate the association between childhood violence and reported chronic pain, number of pain sites and the intensity of pain in adulthood in indigenous Sami and non-Sami adults, and to explore ethnic differences. Design The study is based on the SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study, a larger population-based, cross-sectional survey on health and living conditions in multiethnic areas with both Sami and non-Sami populations in Mid- and Northern Norway. Our study includes a total of 11,130 adult participants: 2,167 Sami respondents (19.5%) and 8,963 non-Sami respondents (80.5%). Chronic pain was estimated by reported pain located in various parts of the body. Childhood violence was measured by reported exposure of emotional, physical and/or sexual violence. Results Childhood violence was associated with adult chronic pain in several pain sites of the body regardless of ethnicity and gender. Childhood violence was also associated with increased number of chronic pain sites and higher pain intensity compared to those not exposed to childhood violence. However, among Sami men, this association was only significant for pain located in chest, hips/legs and back, and non-significant for increased number of chronic pain sites (adjusted model), and higher pain intensity. Conclusion Respondents exposed to childhood violence reported more chronic pain in several parts of the body, increased number of chronic pain sites and more intense pain in adulthood than respondents reporting no childhood violence. However, among Sami men, this association was weaker and also not significant for increased number of chronic pain sites and higher pain intensity.


Reactions of 3-Dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine with NH-Acidic Heterocycles; Synthesis of 4H-Imidazoles

In this paper, reactions of 3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine (1) with heterocyclic compounds containing the structure unit CONHCONH are described. 5,5-Diethylbarbituric acid (5) reacts with 1 in refluxing 2-propanol to give the 4H-imidazole derivative 6(Scheme 2) in 80% yield. The structure of 6 has been established by X-ray crystallography. Under similar conditions 1 and isopropyl uracil-6-carboxylate (7) yield the 4H-imidazole 8(Scheme 3), the structure of which is deduced from spectral data and the degradation reactions shown in Scheme 3. Hydrolysis of 8 with 3N HCl at room temperature leads to the α-ketoester derivative 9, which in refluxing methanol gives dimethyl oxalate and 5-dimethyl-amino-2,4,4-trimethyl-4H-imidazole (10). On hydrolysis the latter is converted to the known 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-imidazolin-5-one (11) [6]. Quinazolin-2,4 (1H, 3H)-dione (12) and imidazolidinetrione (parabanic acid, 14) undergo with 1 a similar reaction to give the 4H-imidazoles 13 and 15, respectively (Schemes 4 and 5).

In Scheme 6 two possible mechanisms for the formation of 4H-imidazoles from 1 and heterocycles of type 16 are formulated. The zwitterionic intermediate f corresponds to b in Scheme 1. Instead of dehydration as in the case of the reaction of 1 with phthalohydrazide [3], or ring expansion as with saccharin and cyclic imides [1] [2], f, undergoes ring opening (way A or B). Decarboxylation then leads to the 4H-imidazoles 17.


A passive signal-processing technique for addressing a miniature low-finesse fiber Fabry–Perot interferometric sensor with a multimode laser diode is reported. Two modes of a multimode laser diode separated by 3 nm are used to obtain quadrature outputs from an ~20-μm cavity. Wavelength-division demultiplexing combined with digital signal processing is used to recover the measurand-induced phase change. The technique is demonstrated for the measurement of vibration. The signal-to-noise ratio is ~70 dB at 500 Hz for ~π/2 rad displacement of the mirror, which results in a minimum detectable signal of ~200 μrad Hz−1/2. A quantitative discussion of miscalibration and systematic errors is presented.


Psychosocial assessments can help mental health professionals establish good therapeutic relationships while simultaneously conducting holistic assessments of their young clients. Using technology to conduct assessments may increase disclosure by young people; however, the uptake of new technologies into current face-to-face practice has been slow. In the current study, we were interested in exploring the attitudes of mental health workers to using an electronic psychosocial assessment tool (e-tool) within face-to-face service delivery with adolescents and young adults. An exploratory design was used to identify and qualitatively describe the views of 46 mental health workers from services across the ACT and Victoria, Australia. Data were coded using an inductive thematic approach. Comments indicated that mental health workers held both positive and negative views about the e-tool. Some participants believed that it would allow disclosure to occur in a stepped process, normalize questions, give youth greater input, and be time efficient. However, the majority believed that the e-tool would infringe on their work because they needed to respond to their clients immediately, it would not provide an accurate representation of the client, young people did not have the necessary capabilities to engage in the process, they would miss non-verbal cues from the young person, and they were more likely to gain information from organic conversations. The results suggest that many mental health professionals may be fearful of incorporating new technologies in current practice. Specific training and supportive implementation guidelines must be developed to support use of these new technologies and change practice.


An ongoing challenge for faculty is to determine effective and efficient mechanisms for assisting students to achieve academic success. Supplemental Instruction (SI), a form of peer tutoring, has been defined as a peer-led academic assistance program that targets difficult courses and is offered to students enrolled in those courses. Based on student feedback that exercise physiology is difficult, the authors chose this course in the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) curriculum for this post-only pilot study. SI was offered over a three-year period to physical therapist students enrolled in an exercise physiology course. The purposes of this study were to 1) determine the perceived benefits of SI by students who attended at least one session, 2) identify reasons students never attended SI or started attending SI and then stopped, 3) identify the degree of student satisfaction with SI, and 4) identify students' willingness to recommend SI for exercise physiology or other DPT courses. An 18-item written questionnaire was the assessment method. A total of 203 students participated over the three-year period. Frequency distributions and percentages were calculated for each of the multiple choice questionnaire items to determine results of students' perceptions of SI. Students' perceived benefits included 1) improved academic performance, 2) improved confidence, 3) increased contact with other students, 4) improved understanding of the material, 5) improved motivation to learn, and 6) improved understanding of instructor expectations. Frequently cited reasons for never attending were conflicts with other courses and/or work schedule, and not perceiving the service as needed. Students cited lack of time to attend sessions and alternative study methods as frequent reasons for attending SI and then stopping. In each of the three years, at least 85% of the students who attended at least one SI session were satisfied. The percentage of students who would recommend SI for exercise physiology or other DPT courses was consistently ≥ 70%. Given the positive outcomes of this three-year implementation of SI in an entry-level physical therapy curriculum, other colleges and universities may wish to consider implementation of an SI program for health professions' courses.


The aim of this work is an overview of the doctoral thesis called "Video games in teacher training: design, implementation and evaluation of an educational proposal", that is being written by Marta Martín del Pozo and supervised by Ana García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso and Azucena Hernández Martín. The main objectives of the thesis are the following ones: to know and to analyse the primary school teachers' (in service) attitudes and the future primary school teachers' (at initial training) attitudes towards collaborative learning with video games; to design, implement and assess an educational proposal about collaborative learning with video games for the future primary school teachers (at initial training), including the use of video games and the creation of video games with software that is not necessary to have previous programming knowledge. In terms of methodology, our research is divided into two studies to reach the two main objectives. On the one hand, to reach the first objective, we chose an ex post facto approach. On the other hand, the second study, related to the other objectives, is inside of program evaluation methodologies. In particular, we chose a pretest-postest design with an only group. The instruments to collect data in the studies are an attitude scale towards collaborative learning with video games, a knowledge test about collaborative learning with video games, an assessment questionnaire about the educational proposal and a rubric to assess the video games created by the future primary school teachers. Finally, regarding the results achieved until now, we created and validated the scale and we are going to validate the knowledge test. Furthermore, we designed the educational proposal and we are looking for students to be the sample and to participate in the implementation of the proposal.


By Atul Gawande. Published by Profile Books in association with the Wellcome Collection, 2014, hardback, 288 pages. ISBN 978-1846685811, £15.99.

This book is a jeremiad against the way Western society views mortality in general and old age in particular. We have tried to deal with mortality by treating it as a medical problem. "The prevailing fantasy", Atul Gawande writes, "is that we can be ageless". We bundle elderly people into nursing homes because when it comes to our loved ones we think safety should trump autonomy at any cost (when it comes to ourselves it is the other way around). We pay remarkably little attention to the kind of social capital that is available in these places. Gawande observes that in the USA most nursing homes market their services according to what they think will please their residents' families, not their residents. When his wife's grandmother, Alice Hobson, became unable to continue living on her own, her family moved her into a 'senior-living complex' that "involved the imposition of more structure and supervision than she'd ever had to deal with before". After a fall, Alice was moved to a skilled nursing floor, where all privacy and control were gone. "She woke when they told her, bathed and dressed when they told her, ate when they told her. She lived with whomever they said she had to… She felt incarcerated, like she was in prison for being old."

Nursing homes acquired this role willy-nilly. The expansion of hospital care in the postwar period created a need for step-down facilities into which patients could be discharged. Nursing homes were the preferred instrument. Gawande quotes the medical historian Bruce Vladek's comment that describing the history of nursing homes from the perspective of the elderly "is like describing the opening of the American West from the perspective of the mules". They were sent there in their droves to give substance to the idea that …


Organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors may provide the basis for the next generation of thin-film solar cells. [Also see Reports by Stranks et al. and Xing et al.] Photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity are becoming increasingly important in the world's renewable energy mix. The cumulative world PV installations reached around 100 GWp (gigawatts) (1) by the end of 2012. Some 85% use crystalline Si, with the rest being polycrystalline thin film cells, mostly cadmium telluride/cadmium sulfide ones. Thin-film cells tend to be cheaper to make with a shorter energy payback time. However, they do have the disadvantage, one that may become crucial when considering the terawatt range, that most of them contain rare elements like tellurium (as rare as gold), indium, and gallium. A newcomer to the PV field (2) has rapidly reached conversion efficiencies of more than 15% (see the figure). Based on organic-inorganic perovskite-structured semiconductors, the most common of which is the triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3), these perovskites tend to have high charge-carrier mobilities (3, 4). High mobility is important because, together with high charge carrier lifetimes, it means that the light-generated electrons and holes can move large enough distances to be extracted as current, instead of losing their energy as heat within the cell. On pages 344 and 341 of this issue, Xing et al. (5) and Stranks et al. (6) use time-resolved transient absorption and photoluminescence to show that the effective diffusion lengths are indeed relatively large in CH3NH3PbI3, about 100 nm for both electrons and holes—a high value for a semiconductor formed from solution at low temperature.


The intended software architecture of a software system manifests the earliest and most fundamental design decisions. To ensure that the final software product is consistent with those design decisions and the requirements realized that way, the software architecture has to be refined correctly. This means that the artefacts of detailed design and implementation have to comply with the intended software architecture.A basic task to ensure architectural compliance is the checking of architectural rules. These rules are constraints resulting from the application of architectural principles, like patterns, reference architectures or guidelines, and restricting the way an architecture can be refined. However, checking those rules is difficult. Manual checks are in general not possible due to the size and complexity of modern software systems. But realizing powerful tool support is challenging, since compliance checking tools have to be very flexible regarding the great variety of architectural rules and the number of artefact types requiring compliance checking.This thesis develops an approach to flexible architecture compliance checking in model-based development approaches for component-based systems.It describes a conceptual framework, in which models are interpreted as first-order logic statements about component-based systems; architectural rules as fundamental parts of architectural models, are logical statements, too. Compliance between models can be expressed this way as semantically-founded relation between logical formulae.The developed concepts are evaluated by a case study system following several different architectural principles. Architectural rules are developed for those principles and are checked for compliance. Furthermore, a prototypical compliance checking tool basing upon a logic-based knowledge representation and reasoning system is realized.Both, the conceptual framework as well as the prototypical implementation, allow very flexible architectural compliance checking. Due to the developed formalization, a broad range of architectural rules can be specified, largely meta model-independently. Aside from the significant improvement of tool support compared with the state of the art, the approach fosters furthermore a new understanding of the role of software architecture; as blue-print for design and implementation, the need for explicitly modelled architectural rules is emphasized.


A strong cut in heat consumption can be realized by the thermal renovation of buildings: this article gives an assessment of energy savings achievable in the French residential stock and their associated investment costs. A bottom-up approach, using a dataset on material and labor costs for renovations and a thermal model (including a representation of the "rebound effect") is applied to a description of existing dwellings in France. Renovation investment costs increase with the efficiency target of the housing stock: two inflection points are identified, for 40% and 60% reduction targets. If the first inflection is driven by a quantity effect, the second one is pushed by a price effect. Specificities of the thermal renovation market imply a lock-in risk: at the micro-scale, the discount rate could induce households to realize low ambition renovations, whereas at the macro-scale, having successive short-term objectives triggers important over-costs, above 15% of the optimized investment costs. We suggest that policy-makers take the risk of low ambition renovations into account, as it may nip the potential of energy savings in the bud. Relevant policies would set today the long-term efficiency target and earmark public incentives, like tax credits or interest-free loans, to ambitious renovations.


This article investigates software process diversity, defined as the project condition arising out of the simultaneous use of multiple software development process frameworks within a single project. Software process diversity is conceptualized as the response of a project team to such contingencies as requirements volatility, design and technological novelty, customer involvement, and the level of organizational process compliance enforced on the project. Moreover, we conceptualize that the degree of fit (or match) between a project's software process diversity and the level of process compliance enforced on the project impacts overall project performance. This conceptualization was empirically tested by utilizing data collected from 410 large commercial software projects of a multinational firm. The results show that higher levels of requirements volatility, design and technological novelty, and customer involvement increased software process diversity within a project. However, software process diversity decreased relative to increases in the level of process compliance enforced on the project. A higher degree of fit between the process diversity and process compliance of a project, rather than the effects of those variables independently, was found to be significantly associated with a higher level of project performance, as measured in terms of project productivity and software quality. These results indicate that increasing software process diversity in response to project-level contingencies improves project performance only when there is a concomitant increase in organizational process compliance efforts. The implications of these results for research are discussed and prescriptive guidelines derived to manage the fit between process diversity and process compliance for improving software project performance.


Textile based sensors were developed and used for remote monitoring of breathing. The breathing is simulated by using a new cyclic tester device. In the simulated a cyclic force is applied along the length of the textile sensor. However due to the morphology of human body, in real situation the sensor is not only under stretching but also under a certain degree of bending. A prototype garment with the sensor situated on the chest area was made. The prototype was worn by 10 persons, and breathing was recorded as the persons were sitting still, walking and jogging. Deep breathing in the supine position and breathing with a method called athletic breathing were used to evaluate the sensor. A testing circuit and a Labview program were made for preliminary test. The sensor is wearable, washable and comfortable. Sensor construction is totally 'disappearing' and visualize as printed pattern onto the surface of garment.


This short discussion introduces the contents of the new Special Section on Advanced FIA Data Analysis that has been recently created in the Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences (MCFNS) journal as a result of collaboration between the journal editors and the USDA Forest Service FIA (Forest Inventory Analysis) scientists.  This section contains three papers, which originated from presentations at the 9th Annual FIA Symposium held at Park City, Utah on October 21-23, 2008.  The papers contained here went through two screening criteria, passed a peer-review process, and were assessed by the journal editors as consistent with the MCRNS journal scope and focus and valuable contributions to the journal contents.


Seismic-reflection data, bathymetric data, and sediment cores were used to map the seafloor geology of eastern Juan de Fuca Strait, and interpret the stratigraphy in terms of the latest deglacial episode and associated sealevel change. The surficial geologic units comprise bedrock (unit 1), ice-contact diamicton (unit 2), glacial-marine sediments (unit 3), and post-glacial sediments (unit 4). Bedrock crops out near Vancouver Island, and diamicton crops out in the numerous morainal banks. A series of banks running roughly northsouth in the middle of the strait divides it into two areas based on the main surficial units; post-glacial sediments dominate to the east and glacial-marine sediments to the west. Subunits within the glacial-marine sediments suggest progression from an ice-proximal to ice-distal depositional environment during glacier retreat. There is currently little sediment input to the strait, so most modern sediments consist of reworked glacial deposits that occur in banks and coastal exposures. The strait was deglaciated rapidly; in about 100 years at a rate of 475 m/yr. Ice retreat was probably episodic, however, with times of rapid calving retreat separated by periods when retreat paused on morainal banks. After the period of maximum marine submergence following deglaciation, isostatic rebound caused relative sealevel to fall to a level lower than present. A number of drowned features indicate sealevel fell to 55 m below present sealevel (-55 m) by 11,280 yr B.P., then reached the low stand maximum of around -60 m by 10,720 yr B.P. During regression, sealevel fell 150.4 m at an average rate of 59.0 mm/yr; meanwhile the eustatic rise was 37.3 m, yielding an average rate of crustal uplift of 73.6 mm/yr. During the subsequent transgression, sealevel rose to a depth of -55 m by 10,630 yr B.P., then a depth of -44 m by 9,880 yr B.P., and -33 m by 8,910 yr B.P. by 10,700 yr B.P. most isostatic adjustment was complete and eustatic rise dominated, resulting in a gradual transgression toward the present. Relative sealevel rose 60.4 m during transgression at 5.6 mm/yr, while the eustatic sealevel rise was 61.4 m, giving an average rate of crustal uplift of less than 1 mm/yr.