The Gollin test of incomplete figure perception is usually employed to measure the thresholds of recognition in children and adults, and to study a process which provides a basis for the perception of incomplete figures as Gestalts (Foreman and Hemmings, 1987 Perception 16 543 ^ 548). Here we suggest that this test, along with such tests as the Poppelreuter test of figure extraction, and the Mooney faces test, may be considered as a visual masking problem. Digital image processing allows us to measure the spatial properties and spatial-frequency spectrum of the absent part of the image as a mask. We compare incomplete masking with other traditional types of masking. Using a noise paradigm, we have measured the signal-to-noise ratio for incomplete figure perception in normal participants and in neurological patients. This is the most powerful aspect of this new approach. Clinically, the new paradigm may provide a quantitative measure of agnosia. We have developed the hypothesis that some forms of visual agnosia arise primarily from an especially high level of noise within higher visual processing, including memory systems. We classify this type of agnosia as 'filtration agnosia'. The concept of incomplete figure perception as noise filtration is therefore important for clinical purposes.


Emergency nursing is an essential, integral and indispensable part of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The development of various specialties and super specialties in clinical areas including emergency medicine requires skilled and competent nurses. Above all, these nurses must be able to initiate resuscitative measures for emergency victims to save lives.
Considering the magnitude of emergency care service needs in India and in line with the Government of India's Plan there is a need for developing the capabilities at all levels to provide effective and efficient care to all emergency victims.
This chapter titled "Emergency Nursing - An essential requisite of Emergency Medical Service (EMS)" highlights the education and training needs for nurses in order to keep pace with the advancement in medical science and technology in providing patient care. According to the Government of India's plan, special committees are set up to improve the emergency healthcare service. Nurses are an integral part of the healthcare system and they should be able to cope with the rapidly changing healthcare needs of patients in emergency situations. Nurses need to be trained to meet the emergency healthcare needs; their enhanced skills and competence will enable them to initiate care, make decisions and manage emergency situations independently in order to save lives and limit complications. They should be able to make best use of 'the golden hour' in order to help prevent avoidable deaths in emergencies.


A simplified lifting-surface theory is applied to the problem of evaluating span loading due to flap deflection for arbitrary wing plan forms. With the resulting procedure, the effects of flap deflection on the span loading and associated aerodynamic characteristics can be easily computed for any wing which is symmetrical about the root chord and which has a straight quarter-chord line over the wing semispan. The effects of compressibility and spanwise variation of section lift-curve slope are taken into account by the procedure. The method presented can also be used to calculate the downwash in the vertical center of the wake of a wing which has arbitrary spanwise loading.


The work presented in this thesis was carried as part of a project to improve the analysis of clinical data obtained by microwave thermography. For microwave thermography measurements to be usefully interpreted for detecting thermal anomalies in the human body at depths of up to several centimetres, the thermal and microwave dielectric properties of tissues must be known. This thesis is mainly concerned with the measurement and interpretation of the values of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of human and animal tissues.

The thermal properties of biological tissue are required, in conjunction with a bio-heat equation, to allow the formation of computational models to simulate the temperature distribution inside the human body. These computational models are also useful in the analysis of tomographic temperature measurements, and are essential to ensure accurate heating in hyperthermia. The Pennes conventional bio-heat equation has proven to be successful in analysing the data produced by microwave thermography.

The thermal properties of biological soft tissue are dependant on the tissue water content. Water is a major constituent of most soft biological tissues, and it has a higher thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity than any other constituent of biological tissue. The thermal properties of biological tissue can be modelled using a mixture equation, which describes the behaviour of a two phase system in terms of the thermal properties of the individual constituents and their relative volume fractions. This allows the variation of the thermal properties of biological tissue with water content to be analysed.

A self-heating thermistor probe system was used in this study to measure the in-vitro thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of a wide variety of human and animal tissues. The system was calibrated using glycerol and agar-gelled water since the thermal behaviour of these materials and mixtures of these materials was well known. The calibration data was examined to determine the accuracy of the calibration and to determine if there was a relationship between the observed thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity which was generated by the measurement system


We can hark back for more than nostaligia to the classic chronicles of the psychedelic revolution. In 1974, creativity expert John C. Gowan published "Development of the Psychedelic Individual: A Psychological Analysis of the Psychedelic State and Its attendant Psychic Powers ." Gowan extracts the philosophical gold from such X-Events or "extreme events". This article is not about drug-induced psychedelia, but about the natural psychedelic state of consciousness, as accessed through the process of self-actualization.  Gowan's orientation is summarized, including his concepts of escalation and developmental dysplasia, and the creation of the Northridge Developmental Scale, a test for self-actualization.  Gowan's work and taxonomies remain useful to the transdisciplinary community, including the fields of parapsychology, paranthropology, consciousness studies, psychotherapeutics, neurobiology, psychology of religion, neurotheology, child development, and more. In developing creative talent, imagery is more fluid and malleable to processing than language. He collates research from several then-new fields and provides valuable bibliographies of foundational works.  While not widely known and applied, Gowan's work remains a vital resource, deserving curation within the literature of all sciences researching psi, nonordinary, and exceptional experiences (anomalous, transpersonal; neither or both). Gowan's work is invaluable for navigating the universe of meanings. Symbols are the currency of consciousness. They open the way for "ultraculture", wherein we become conscious co-creators of reality. Part I of this article contains: A Prospective Retrospective; Gowan's Orientation; The Psychedelic Stage in Experiential Therapy; and The Tree of Life: An Ancient Model of Escalation.


BACKGROUND
Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare tumors. As there is a paucity of randomized studies, this expert consensus document represents an initiative by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society to provide guidance on their management.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Bibliographical searches were carried out in PubMed for the terms 'pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial carcinoid tumors', 'pulmonary carcinoid', 'pulmonary typical/atypical carcinoid', and 'pulmonary carcinoid and diagnosis/treatment/epidemiology/prognosis'. A systematic review of the relevant literature was carried out, followed by expert review.

RESULTS
PCs are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and include low- and intermediate-grade malignant tumors, i.e. typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), respectively. Contrast CT scan is the diagnostic gold standard for PCs, but pathology examination is mandatory for their correct classification. Somatostatin receptor imaging may visualize nearly 80% of the primary tumors and is most sensitive for metastatic disease. Plasma chromogranin A can be increased in PCs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for PCs with the aim of removing the tumor and preserving as much lung tissue as possible. Resection of metastases should be considered whenever possible with curative intent. Somatostatin analogs are the first-line treatment of carcinoid syndrome and may be considered as first-line systemic antiproliferative treatment in unresectable PCs, particularly of low-grade TC and AC. Locoregional or radiotargeted therapies should be considered for metastatic disease. Systemic chemotherapy is used for progressive PCs, although cytotoxic regimens have demonstrated limited effects with etoposide and platinum combination the most commonly used, however, temozolomide has shown most clinical benefit.

CONCLUSIONS
PCs are complex tumors which require a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up.


A new age of significance and opportunity for Information Systems (IS) is upon us driven by current developments in the use of digital artifacts. In this paper we endeavor to make sense of contemporary IS, as well as possible future directions of IS, by bringing together the notions of complexity and activity within two theoretical frameworks, namely the Cynefin framework and contemporary uses of Activity Theory. We describe activity as a holistic unit of analysis within the Complicated and Complex Domains of the Cynefin framework. This will enable us to make sense of tool-mediated IS activities in those Domains. Our proposed research philosophy blends these frameworks to support new thinking about IS that impacts on our choices of research methods, the way we apply them and the way we modify them as the world we study evolves into an uncertain future context.


Proposal of a comprehensive Exploration Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia, together with the isolated, openocean islands of the Pacific basin, include nearly 3,000 named islands. Not counting New Guinea, New Zealand, and their immediate satellites, the total area of these islands is about 73,000 square (statute) miles, or 189,000 square kilometers. Nearly one-half of the total is covered by a dozen islands, among which are Hawaii, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, New Pomerania, New Mecklenburg, and New Caledonia. The other islands average only about 12 square miles in area. That part of the ocean basin in which the islands are situated measures 35,000,000 square miles (90,000,000 square kilometers). Hence the complete mapping and investigation of a total land area less than that of the State of Nebraska would bring in practically all the information that can ever be obtained concerning the bedrock geology of one-sixth of the earth's surface. It is highly . . .


Detection and characterization of focal lesions in the cirrhotic liver may pose a diagnostic dilemma. Several benign and malignant lesions may be found in a cirrhotic liver along with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and may exhibit typical or atypical imaging features. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of lesions such as simple bile duct cysts, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, peribiliary cysts, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, and metastases, all of which occur in cirrhotic livers with varying prevalences. Pseudolesions, such as perfusion anomalies, focal confluent fibrosis, and segmental hyperplasia, will also be discussed. Imaging characterization of non-HCC lesions in cirrhosis is important in formulating an accurate diagnosis and triaging the patient towards the most appropriate management.


Conjugation allows bacteria to acquire genes for antibiotic resistance, novel virulence attributes, and alternative metabolic pathways. Using a fluorescent protein fusion, SeqA-YFP, we have visualized this process in real time and in single cells of Escherichia coli. We found that the F pilus mediates DNA transfer at considerable cell-to-cell distances. Integration of transferred DNA by recombination occurred in up to 96% of recipients; in the remaining cells, the transferred DNA was fully degraded by the RecBCD helicase/nuclease. The acquired integrated DNA was tracked through successive replication rounds and was found to occasionally split and segregate with different chromosomes, leading to the inheritance of different gene clusters within the cell lineage. The incidence of DNA splitting corresponds to about one crossover per cell generation.


This research takes the basic physical premise that sound can be synthesized using light, explores how this has historically been, and still is achieved, and how it can still be a fertile area for creative, theoretical and critical exploration in sound and the arts. Through the author's own artistic practice, different techniques of generating sound using the sonification of light are explored, and these techniques are then contextualised by their historical and theoretical setting in the time-based arts. Specifically, this text draws together diverse strands of scholarship on experimental sound and film practices, cultural histories, the senses, media theory and engineering to address effects and outcomes specific to photophonic sound and its relation to the moving image, and the sculptural and media works devised to produce it.

The sonifier, or device engendering the transformations discussed is specifically addressed in its many forms, and a model proposed, whereby these devices and systems are an integral, readably inscribed component - both materially and culturally - in both the works they produce, and via our reflexive understanding of the processes involved, of the images or light signals used to produce them. Other practitioners' works are critically engaged to demonstrate how a sense of touch, or the haptic, can be thought of as an emergent property of moving image works which readably and structurally make use of photophonic sound (including the author's), and sound's essential role in this is examined.

In developing, through an integration of theory and practice, a new approach in this under-researched field of sound studies, the author hopes to show how photophonic sound can act as both a metaphorical and material interface between experimental sound and image, and hopefully point the way towards a more comprehensive study of both.


Basic taste qualities are thought to be perceived independently, yet discrete neural coding channels have not been demonstrated in the central nervous system. The response profiles of taste cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the rat were categorized into four groups, and the effects of amiloride, a passive sodium channel blocker, on each were determined. NTS neurons that responded specifically to sodium chloride (NaCl) or to NaCl and sugars were suppressed by amiloride; those broadly sensitive to salts, acids, and bitter stimuli were unaffected. Moreover, the response profile evoked by NaCl lost its distinctiveness after treatment with amiloride, becoming similar to those evoked by acids and quinine. Receptors that respond to sodium must relay their information through independent coding channels to identifiable subgroups of NTS neurons, the activity of which is responsible for the perception of saltiness.


Delamination in composite laminates can migrate through the thickness, from one interface to another. The "Delamination Migration" test method allows a detailed observation of migration, and the evaluation of the parameters affecting it. Delamination migration tests conducted on specimens containing a 0°/I¸ interface demonstrated that migration is governed by the sign of the component of interlaminar shear stress perpendicular to the I¸ fiber direction, I"23. At a 0°/I¸ interface, when the shear stress sign is favorable for migration, delamination tends to propagate along the I¸ fiber direction, before migrating through the I¸-oriented ply. The conditions at the 0°/I¸ interface, which determine either delamination growth along the I¸ fiber direction or migration, were evaluated using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT). The strain energy release rates in the direction of the fibers, Gf, and perpendicular to the fibers, Gm, were calculated, along with the total strain energy release rate, GT. The components Gf and Gm were then used with the shear stress sign, to account for the effect of both parameters on delamination growth and migration. Correlation with experimental results for 0°/60° delamination migration specimens showed that if the sign of I"23 is favorable for migration but Gf/GT is greater than Gm/GT, delamination tends to propagate along the I¸ fiber direction and migration will not occur. Delamination can migrate only if Gf/GT is less than Gm/GT. This method improves the prediction of migration in the delamination migration specimen, compared to the analysis using the shear stress sign only.


[I\t is essential to the democracy of the United States that journalists may report important information to the public without fear of intimidation or imprisonment.1 INTRODUCTION "When governments repress their people, press freedom is among the most powerful vehicles for exposing misdeeds," declared United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Press Freedom Day 2011.2 "Today it is the peoples of North Africa and the Middle East mobilizing for their democratic rights and freedoms," Secretary Ban continued, "[a]nd they are doing so with a heavy reliance on new media."3 WikiLeaks could not have been far from the Secretary's mind. The website's slow release of 25 1,287 diplomatic cables from the U.S. State Department, beginning in November 2010,4 has been cited as a contributing cause of the 2011 "Arab Spring" uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and elsewhere.5 For those interested in shield laws for journalists, WikiLeaks exemplifies the new, complex reality facing the legal community.6 The website maintains a policy of protecting its sources, even from news outlets with which it collaborates on document releases.7 But protecting it from whom? WikiLeaks ' servers are located worldwide,8 so it has no real home. One scholar termed it "the world's first stateless news organization."9 And protecting WikiLeaks against what? WikiLeaks' founder, Julian Assange,10 has not clearly stated how he received1 i the diplomatic cables - nor the Brobdingnagian caches of military reports from the Afghanistan12 and Iraq13 wars released in July and October 2010 - so it is not clear that he or WikiLeaks would qualify as "j ournalists" under existing shield laws.14 The situation in the United States, which lacks a federal shield law, is equally thorny. WikiLeaks' release of the War Logs arguably affected support for a federal shield law.15 According to Washington Post reporter Paul Farhi, "news organizations thought they were cruising toward a long-cherished goal: Congressional passage of a federal shield law to protect journalists from being forced to reveal confidential sources. Then came WikiLeaks."16 WikiLeaks "complicated, and possibly imperiled," passage of a shield law, he said.17 But supporters of a shield law say it would not cover WikiLeaks, anyway, because WikiLeaks is a 'Virtual" organization, devoid of a physical address or "country of origin."18 WikiLeaks has collaborated with the New York Times and the Washington Post*9 Those relationships have become rockier over time, starting with a debate among the newspapers and WikiLeaks over redacting names from the Afghanistan documents.20 Although WikiLeaks ultimately attempted to scrub documents for informants' names, Assange at first was reluctant to do any redaction, and the "harm minimization" process, as Assange called it, was not totally successful.21 Some vulnerable people were still exposed, and less than forty-eight hours after publication of the Afghan War Logs, according to Nick Davies, an investigative reporter at the Guardian, competitors of "The Guardian and The New York Times ran big stories saying, 'We've been on the WikiLeaks Web site. We found material which could get people killed.'"22 The New York Times said that its search through a sample of the WikiLeaks documents found "the names of dozens of Afghans credited with providing credible information to American and NATO troops" and that the Times, Guardian, and Der Spiegel had only posted a selection of redacted WikiLeaks documents containing no identifying information that could jeopardize informants' safety.23 Martin Smith said that the New York Times "lost trust" in Assange's redaction process and would not link to WikiLeaks.24 Could the United States government order Assange to identify his source? Leaving aside jurisdictional considerations, Assange could not be ordered to name a source if indeed his software design prevented him from gaining that knowledge. …


William Chittick, currently professor of religious studies at the State University of New York (Stony Brook), is an internationally renowned expert on Islamic thought. His contributions to the fields of Sufism and Islamic philosophy have helped paint a clearer picture of the intellectual and spiritual landscape of Islamic civilization from the seventh/thirteenth century onwards. Yet Chittick is not simply concerned with discussions in Islamic thought as artifacts of premodern intellectual history. His vast knowledge of the Islamic intellectual tradition serves as the platform from which he seeks to address a broad range of contemporary issues. In this short essay, I will outline Chittick's writings on the self within the context of his treatment of cosmology. Rather than being outdated ways of looking at the universe and our relationship to it, Chittick argues that traditional Islamic cosmological teachings are just as pertinent to the question of the self today as they were yesterday.


Link prediction, i.e., predicting links or interactions between objects in a network, is an important task in network analysis. Although the problem has attracted much attention recently, there are several challenges that have not been addressed so far. First, most existing studies focus only on link prediction in homogeneous networks, where all objects and links belong to the same type. However, in the real world, heterogeneous networks that consist of multi-typed objects and relationships are ubiquitous. Second, most current studies only concern the problem of whether a link will appear in the future but seldom pay attention to the problem of when it will happen. In this paper, we address both issues and study the problem of predicting when a certain relationship will happen in the scenario of heterogeneous networks. First, we extend the link prediction problem to the relationship prediction problem, by systematically defining both the target relation and the topological features, using a meta path-based approach. Then, we directly model the distribution of relationship building time with the use of the extracted topological features. The experiments on citation relationship prediction between authors on the DBLP network demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology.


The Journal of International Migration and Integration (JIMI) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes original research papers and policy discussions that enhance the understanding of immigration, settlement and integration and that contribute to policy development.  The Journal consistently covers an array of subject areas including labor market integration; refugee status in various nations; adaptation strategies of immigrants in industrialized settings; racial and gender variations in migration; the role of social work in the integration of new citizens; and retention of ethnic and older national identities in new environments. These are issues of concern throughout the world. The journal looks at the social world with a fresh vision enhanced by the basic and applied social sciences.  JIMI presents papers based on original research, critical policy debates and comparative analyses. JIMI no longer publishes book reviews.


In heterogeneous landscapes individuals select among several habitat patches. The fitness rewards of these choices are assumed to play an important role in the distri- bution of individuals across landscapes. Individuals can either use environmental cues to directly assess the quality of breeding sites, or rely on social cues to guide the settlement decision. We estimated the density of adult birds and per capita reproductive success of willow ptarmigan over 5-15 years in 42 survey areas, nested within 5 spatially sep- arated populations in south-central Norway. Our aims were to (1) examine spatial and temporal patterns of variation in densities of adult birds (i.e., the breeding densities) and reproductive success (juveniles/pair) measured in autumn and (2) evaluate which habitat distribution model best described the distribution of willow ptarmigan across heterogeneous mountain landscapes. Variation in density of adult birds was primarily attributable to variation between survey areas which could arise from spatial heterogeneity in adult survival or as a consequence of spacing behavior of juveniles during the settlement stage. In contrast, reproductive success was more variable between years and did not vary consistently between survey areas once year effects were accounted for. The lack of any relationship between the density of adult birds and reproductive success supported the predictions of an ideal free distribution (IFD), implying that within years, the mean reproductive success was approximately equal across survey areas. However, analysis based on Taylor's power law (i.e., the relationship between logarithms of spatial variance and mean density of adult birds) suggested that aggregation was stronger than expected under IFD. This implies that the rel- ative change in density of adult birds was larger in areas with high mean densities than in areas with low densities. The exact mechanisms causing this statistical pattern are unclear, but based on the breeding biology of willow ptarmigan we suggest that yearlings are attracted to areas of high densities during the settlement period in spring. Our study was con- ducted during a period of low overall density and we suggest that this pattern might be particular to such situations. This implies that the presence of conspecifics might represent a cue signaling high adult survival and thus high habitat quality.


National in Form, Authoritarian in Content: State Building in Central AsiaAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union the new states of Central Asia faced a challenging task of building a new country, its symbols, relations between institutional power and the sovereign and imaginary geopolitical landscape. The grassroots processes of national awakening were coupled with deliberate activities of the dominant political actors striving to shape them in a way conducive to their power claims. Thus the monuments of great ancestors and the billboards presenting the image of incumbent presidents became a very common element of the symbolic landscape of Central Asia's new republics. The official speeches of the governing presidents have frequently referred to great historical figures, constructed historical analogies, praised the thousand years old traditions of the fatherland and adduced historical evidence testifying ancient roots of the countries.This article is focused on the mechanisms of ethnocentric reinterpretation of the past. For the newly constituted republics of Central Asia, the evidence of the past power status and glorious moments or, conversely, the past tragedies has been an equally strong legitimizing factor both internally and externally. No matter whether invented or constructed, the propagated national values have played a key role in justifying the power claims and international position of the new countries. Additionally, the paper's objective is to analyze how state structures and institutions implement national solutions and how the authoritarian logic of the state institutions performed its power under the guise of national forms.


In this paper we argue that a large gray area of information systems research exists, whose relevance to the information technology artifact is subject to significant debate even among IS scholars who support the essential role of the IT artifact. As we explain, not explicitly addressing this gray area can have negative, although often inadvertent, effects on the innovative nature of IS research; we explore this danger through three pitfalls. We then propose a stance of strategic ambiguity to deal with the gray area. Strategic ambiguity calls for deliberately withholding judgment on the relevance of research in the gray area and acceptance of gray-area research provided it meets the excellence required by professional journals. We believe that strategic ambiguity benefits innovative IS research without harming the essential role of the IT artifact.


Drawing on the fieldwork in a village community in Eastern Thailand, Ban Noen PutsaPluak
Ked, this thesis explores the complex relationships between processes of
globaIisation, representations in the mainstream media and activist media; and villagers'
responses to change.
The research, summarised here has three interrelated objectives: First, to examine how
globalisation and industrialisation are represented in the mainstream and activist media.
Second, to investigate the role played by the activist media in promoting counter visions of
possible futures. Thirdly, to investigate the practices and ideas that local people have
developed to resist or accept globalisation. The research employs a multi-method approach
combining ethnographic methods, a questionnaire survey; textual analysis; and focus
groups.
The findings point to a complex relationship between mediated representations and visions
of modernity. They also demonstrate that villagers' responses are strongly stratified by age,
length of residence, and relation to the pivot of the new industriaIisation- a major chemical
plant and that they remain strongly influenced by the crucial nexus of traditional Thai
society, the patron client system. Additionally, content analysis and critical discourse
analysis suggest that Thai news television programmes reproduced both the ideology of
globalism and the celebration of consumerism. Moreover, the voices of marginalized
groups and local people are also absent from the activist media.


To attend to the musical and clinical needs of music therapy consumers, music therapists must attend to their own music so as to nurture their musical-self (Bruscia, 1987; Priestley, 1994; Robbins & Robbins, 1998). Yet, despite the fact that music is the basic tool music therapists rely upon to conduct their work (Aigen, 2005b; Brookins, 1984), the topic of nurturing the musical-self has received scarce, if any attention in the music therapy literature. The purpose of this study was to understand the views of professional music therapists in regard to the role of the musical-self in promoting career longevity among music therapists. This study asked two primary questions: 1) Does nurturing one's musical-self contribute to career longevity? 2) If so, what techniques do music therapists use to nurture their musical-selves? Respondents were board certified music therapists, surveyed through an online questionnaire designed by the researcher. The respondents were contacted via e-mail; the email contained an online link through which the respondents were able to access the online survey. This study sought to provide empirical data regarding the role of the musical-self in promoting career longevity among music therapists. As such, this study hopes to benefit the music therapy and creative arts profession in terms of identifying musical-self care solutions and strategies that can help professional music therapists prevent or cope with the effects of professional burnout while promoting professional satisfaction and longevity in the music therapy profession.


Problem statement: Effective detection and localization of unbalance voltage supply affecting an induction motor may be compromised in presence of additionnal noise. Approach: In order to overcome the non possibility of the default detection and localization in presence of noise, the use of the discrete wavelet transform and especially the MultiResolution Analysis algorithm, to remove efficiently the noise associated to the stator currents is proposed. Results: Simulation results show that the de-noised stator current is a good estimation of the non disturbed one. They show also that the default occurrence instant can be well detected starting from high frequency detail signal. Furthermore, the signal details which characterize the default are not smoothed and still characterize the default occurrence. Experimental results validate the de-noising approach efficiency and the effective unbalance detection considering the MRA technique. Conclusion: In this study, current signal denoising problem is studied in order to perform an effective detection of an unbalance voltage supply induction machine default. It can be deduced that the wavelet transform and particularly the MRA technique is a good and powerful solution for both non linear noise filtering and transient default detection. Both simulation and experimental results show clearly that the stator currents MRA allows not only to detect when the default appears but also helps to separate the useful signal from noise without affecting or suppressing the default transient information.


Purpose: The present study aims to report the clinical evolution of a patient with AN, without another substance use disorder, who followed 90-day residential treatment with the 12 Steps Minnesota Model and its subsequent two-year follow-up, during which she regularly attends Overeaters Anonymous (OA) groups.

 Methods: This case report follows the treatment of a 20-year-old female with anorexia nervosa. After 3 months of multidisciplinary treatment, low-doses of venlafaxine and trazodone were initiated. She expressed her decrease in rigidness at mealtimes, increased her weight and had a resumption of menses. She was committed with treatment and maintained her weight gain despite a single binge/purge relapse episode in this 2-year of follow-up.

Results: The results obtained in this case suggest that, although purgative and self-injurious behaviours stopped during admission, weight gain was poor during admission and the first year of follow-up, as well as the reporting of improvements in concerns about her weight: it is not until the second year of follow-up that the patient manages to reach weight indicators that can be considered within the range of the norm. Regarding body shape, even though at the end of the second year she refers to greater acceptance, it continues to be a problem.

Conclusion: In the case of a patient with AN, without another substance use disorder, the main changes produced regarding to weight gain and body shape acceptance occurred in the second year of follow-up, during which the patient regularly attended OA groups.


The performance practice of Italian instrumental music in relation to vocal music and text: Sources and their modern realization.

In my work I have shown that in the second half of the 18th century in Italy, one prepared instrumental music for performance with the help of texts. Central to this work is a treatise by Benvenuto Robbio Conte di San Raffaele stemming from the circle around Giuseppe Tartini which demonstrates the various steps of learning instrumental music through text underlay. Based on this, I could show how in various genres (solfeggi, recitatives, arias) numerous composers (Domenico Corri, Francesco Geminiani, Guiseppe Tartini) used texts and singing in preparing instrumental music for performance.

The influence of this sort of "vocal" preparation on the interpretation of instrumental music has proved itself to be very fruitful in my own playing as well as in my work with students.


Technology classes in educational programs are abounding. Some are more theoretical, others more practical. Some take a technical perspective, others a rhetorical. Despite numerous differences in the make-up of these technology classes, many have one thing in common: the Web site assignment. Conveniently, this assignment can be sold as a "real world" application exercise with the goal of making it more attractive to the upper level students. Experience on the part of the author gained from teaching eleven communication technology classes in the past five semesters shows that most students are eager to learn how to make a Web site. However, unless the assignment is carefully crafted and directed by the instructor, the students gain little more than technical expertise at a very low level. Good writing is more than putting words on paper, and a quality Web site requires more than colored text, a few graphics, and a few links. Quality education regarding Web site development calls for teaching students more than technical skills. Standards for Technological Literacy (ITEA, 2000) defines content of effective technology education that leads to technological literacy. This article explores the Web site assignment as a valuable exercise. By presenting a seven-step model, which forces students to think about their Web sites before actually creating them, the article directly addresses five of the twenty standards defined by the International Technology Education Association. Experience has proven that a combination of background information through lecture and the seven-step process leads to high quality Web sites that students are proud to show to potential employers. In the process, students develop an understanding of the characteristics, core concepts, and scope of Internet technology (Standards 1 and 2). Students also learn to draw connections between Internet technologies and other fields of interest (Standard 3). Finally, through the applied component of the exercise, students develop an understanding of attributes of Web design and are able to immediately apply this understanding (Standards 8 and 11). The main problem with the Web site assignment is the time allowed for its completion. The Web site is usually not the only assignment in the class. However, in order to create even basic Web sites, a number of skills must be taught, such as a graphical interface Web site design program, or basic HTML code, navigation of the Web for information retrieval, and a file transfer protocol (FTP) program to upload the sites. If the instructor wants the sites to have more than a very basic level of sophistication, usually the fundamental techniques of scanning and a computer graphics software program application must be taught. Also, lectures of conceptual issues such as Web credibility, usability, audience targeted message design, visual rhetoric, and visual design need to be included in the instructional package. Finally, class time must be allocated for students to work on their Web sites. However, even this level of commitment does not always lead to "good" sites. Unfortunately, once uploaded, student sites are usually still identifiable as such. The goal, then, is to turn the Web site assignment into a task that is enjoyable for the students and manageable for the instructor during the time allowed. As the end result of the assignment will be publicly available, students ought to be proud of their work rather than regarding it as "just another assignment completed." Ideally, students will learn not just how to create a Web site, but also understand how to direct the communicative power such a document can have. The most successful strategy, according to personal experience, is adapted from van Hoosier-Carey's (1997) recommendations. Van Hoosier-Carey describes the Web site assignment as an exercise in the technical communication classroom. The key element to designing effective Web sites lies in good graphic design, which is often missing in Web sites that were created as class assignments. …


Creating rankings might seem like a vain exercise in belly-button gazing, even more so for people so unlike that kind of things as programmers. However, in this paper we will try to prove how creating city (or province) based rankings in Spain has led to all kind of interesting effects, including increased productivity and community building. We describe the methodology we have used to search for programmers residing in a particular province focusing on those where most population is concentrated and apply different measures to show how these communities differ in structure, number and productivity.


A new strategy to increase the enzyme-loading capacity of porous supports was investigated. Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) was immobilized on octyl-agarose (OA) beads and treated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). Then, PFL was immobilized on the previous PFL layer. Next, the biocatalyst was coated with PEI and a third layer of PFL was added. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed that the amount of PFL proportionally increased with each enzyme layer; however, the effects on biocatalyst activity were not as clear. Hydrolyzing 50 mM of triacetin at 25 °C, the activity of the three-layer biocatalyst was even lower than that of the bi-layer one; on the contrary its activity was higher when the activity was measured at 4 °C in the presence of 30% acetonitrile (that reduced the activity and thus the relevance of the substrate diffusion limitations). That is, the advantage of the multilayer formation depends on the specific activity of the enzyme and on the diffusion limitations of the substrate. When octyl agarose (OA)-PFL-PEI-PFL preparation was treated with glutaraldehyde, the activity was reduced, although the enzyme stability increased and the immobilization of the last PFL layer offered results similar to the one obtained using the three-layer preparation without glutaraldehyde modification (90%).


Empirical ground motion models for the average horizontal component from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions are derived using the PEER NGA-West2 database. The model is applicable to magnitudes 3.0–8.5, distances 0–300 km, and spectral periods of 0–10 s. The model input parameters are the same as those used by Abrahamson and Silva (2008), with the following exceptions: the loading level for nonlinear effects is based on the spectral acceleration at the period of interest rather than the PGA; and the distance scaling for hanging wall (HW) effects off the ends of the rupture includes a dependence on the source-to-site azimuth. Regional differences in large-distance attenuation and VS30 scaling between California, Japan, China, and Taiwan are included. The scaling for the HW effect is improved using constraints from numerical simulations. The standard deviation is magnitude-dependent, with smaller magnitudes leading to larger standard deviations at short periods, but smaller standard deviations at long periods. Directivity effects are not included through explicit parameters, but are captured through the variability of the empirical data.


We discuss the implications for the determinateness and intersubjective consistency of conscious experience in two gedanken experiments from quantum mechanics (QM). In particular, we discuss Wigner's friend and the delayed choice quantum eraser experiment with a twist. These are both cases (experiments) where quantum phenomena, or at least allegedly possible quantum phenomena/experiments, and the content/efficacy of conscious experience seem to bear on one another. We discuss why these two cases raise concerns for the determinateness and intersubjective consistency of conscious experience. We outline a 4D-global constraint-based approach to explanation in general and for QM in particular that resolves any such concerns without having to invoke metaphysical quietism (as with pragmatic accounts of QM), objective collapse mechanisms or subjective collapse. In short, we provide an account of QM free from any concerns associated with either the standard formalism or relative-state formalism, an account that yields a single 4D block universe with determinate and intersubjectively consistent conscious experience for all conscious agents. Essentially, the mystery in both experiments is caused by a dynamical/causal view of QM, e.g., time-evolved states in Hilbert space, and as we show this mystery can be avoided by a spatiotemporal, constraint-based view of QM, e.g., path integral calculation of probability amplitudes using future boundary conditions. What will become clear is that rather than furiously seeking some way to make dubious deep connections between quantum physics and conscious experience, the kinds of 4D adynamical global constraints that are fundamental to both classical and quantum physics and the relationship between them, also constrain conscious experience. That is, physics properly understood, already is psychology.


NDN-RTC is a videoconferencing library that employs Named Data Networking (NDN), a proposed future Internet architecture. It was designed to provide a platform for experimental research in low-latency, real-time multimedia communication over NDN. It aims to provide an end-user experience similar to Skype or Google Hangouts, while implementing a receiver-driven approach that takes advantage of NDN's name-based forwarding, data signatures, caching, and request aggregation. As implemented, NDN-RTC employs widely used open source components, including the WebRTC library, VP9 codec, and OpenFEC for forward error correction. This paper presents the design, implementation in C++, and testing of NDN-RTC on the NDN testbed using a demonstration GUI conferencing application, ndncon, which provides HD videoconferencing over NDN to end-users.


The pattern of coastal erosion in Ghana is described. The causes for spatial differences in the erosional rates on the shoreline are identified as coming from a combination of natural and human-induced factors. Interruption of sediment transport routes and beach sand extraction are identified as important factors contributing to inadequate replacement of sediments transported by the eastward longshore drift in addition to other factors suggested by (Ly, 1980). On the eastern coast, the geology as well as the relationship of wave energy dissipation to the configuration of the shelf have been distinguished as primary factors responsible for the observed higher erosion rate. Fluvial sediment reduction as a result of dam construction is considered a secondary factor aggravating the shoreline erosion. The use of offshore breakers is proposed for protecting the eastern shoreline due to high energy of the waves. Nourishment of beaches starved of sediments because of artificial structures is recommended. Due to the transboundary nature of the beach sediments which migrates southwards from as far north as the Mauritanian coast, a regional coordination in checking coastline erosion in West Africa is advocated.


We report the fabrication of an MoS2 black phosphorus (BP) composite saturable absorber by liquid phase exfoliation and the spin-coating method and further exploitation to build a 2 μm passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser. Such a composite based Q-switched laser with a duration of 488 ns and corresponding peak power of 85.9 W is obtained, which shows an improved saturable absorption effect than that of single MoS2 (616 ns, 68.7 W) and BP (932 ns, 22.4 W). The results indicate that simple and reasonable fabrication of the vertical composite from two-dimensional atomic layer materials opens up the possibility to create an unprecedented saturable absorber with exciting properties.


Spherical supramolecular aggregates of α-amino acids with a typical diameter of 100–200 nm are formed spontaneously after dissolution in water at a concentration of a few mM, i.e. well below the solubility limit. Their presence was shown by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ESI mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). There is a dynamic equilibrium between the aggregates and dissolved individual molecules which allows them to penetrate through dialysis membranes and filters. The same phenomenon was observed for para-amino salicylic acid and two dipeptides. Thermodynamic considerations suggest an entropy-controlled process.


Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a fungus commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine. The high value of G. lucidum is related to its polysaccharides content. The polysaccharides are all glucan that are closely related to scleroglucan, but vary in their water solubility and in their degree and nature of their side chains. G. lucidum crude polysaccharides from (GLCP) were obtained by hot water extraction. There was about 0.56 g of GLCP in 1 g G. lucidum. Fractionation of GLCP lead to the isolation of four polysaccharides sub fractions, PF-1, PF-2, PF-3 and PF-4 with molecular weight of 2.3 x 104, 4.6 x 104, 1 x 105 and 3 x 105 Da respectively.
The growth of probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei shirota) and other selected intestinal bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis JCM5803 and Salmonella choleraesuis JCM6977) were studied in 10 mL Trypticase Phytone Yeast (TPY) medium containing various concentrations of GLCP (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) (TPYgl). The growth was compared to the growth in TPY medium supplemented with glucose and inulin. The growth in a basal TPY medium (TPYp), the medium with glucose (TPYglu) and a TPY medium containing both GLCP and glucose (TPYglu+gl) were also studied. Viable cell counts of the bacteria and the pH of the media were determined during anaerobic incubation of 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h at 37°C. In the absence of any carbohydrate source, all bacteria tested showed growth with mean log cfu/mL ranging from 6.87 to 7.99 after 24 hours incubation. However, in the presence of carbohydrate sources, cultures showed various degree of growth relative to the growth in TPYp. The bacteria tested showed highest growth in TPYglu+gl, followed by growth in TPYglu, TPYinu, TPYgl and TPYp sequentially. Highest viability of bacteria was observed in the media with the highest concentration of each carbohydrate source. Maximum population of bacteria was achieved after 24 hours and decreased significantly (p<0.05) after 48 hours in all media tested.
B. longum BB536 showed the highest growth in TPYgl medium. At 24 hours incubation, highest population 10.53 log cfu/mL of B. longum BB536 was observed in medium with 2.0% GLCP and the lowest 9.37 log cfu/mL was in 0.5% concentration. B. pseudocatenulatum G4 was the second highest growth with 10.40 log cfu/mL. E. faecalis was the least growth (10.15 log cfu/mL) in this medium.
Growth of B. pseudocatenulatum G4, E. faecalis JCM5803 and S. choleraesuis JCM6977 in GLCP fractions (TPYF1, TPYF2, TPYF3 and TPYF4) were compared to their growth in TPYinu 250 μg/mL (control). Results show that, all four fractions could support the growth of bacteria tested. The highest growth was the B. pseudocatenulatum G4 in TPYF2 with 1000 μg PF-2/mL concentrations. The growth was increased from 6.82 to 8.91 log cfu/mL after 24 hours and decreased to 7.92 log cfu/mL after 48 hours. In medium with 250 μg/mL PF-2, there was no significant (p<0.05) growth difference compared to control. This suggested that, all the four fractions and inulin are supporting the growth of this bacterium.
E. faecalis JCM5803 and S. choleraesuis JCM6977 showed similar growth pattern. Comparing among the different media, these bacteria showed a very high growth in TPYF1. This was followed by growth in TPYF2, TPYF3 and TPYF4. High concentration of each fraction gave high viability of the bacteria. Highest population (8.89 and 8.72 log cfu/mL) was in the TPYF1 with 1000 μg/mL PF-1 after 24 hours incubation.
This study shows that, GLCP could support the growth of bacteria tested. GLCP shows high potential of growth effect to bifidobacteria compared to other bacteria. Moreover, B. pseudocatenulatum G4 showed highest population in TPYF2 fraction compared to other bacteria tested. This suggested that PF2 of GLCP exhibited growth promoting effect on bifidobacteria. However, more study should be done to support this finding.


Conducting empirical studies in industry always presents a major challenge for many researchers. Being a graduate student does not make things any easier. Often due to the lack of experience, credibility or just very limited networking, graduate students do not receive many opportunities to directly collaborate with industry and experiment their theoretical models in a realistic environment. On the other hand, empirical research conducted in an academic settings is often criticised for using students as subjects and working with a small sample size, thus creating major validity threat of the published results. In this paper we are presenting an experience report from an industrial empirical study conducted at Infosys Ltd., India with the support of their global internship program for graduate students, InStep. Focus of the paper is to present several challenges arisen before, during, and after the study, requiring an immediate attention in order to have a successful experiment completion. We also discuss and elaborate the data analysis results and its implication to our current research activities.


This paper proposes a design approach targeting circuits operating at extremely low supply voltages, with the goal of reducing the voltage at which energy is minimized, thereby improving the achievable energy efficiency of the circuit. The proposed methods accomplish this by minimizing the circuit's ratio of leakage to active current. The first method, super pipelining, increases the number of pipeline stages compared to conventional ultra low voltage (ULV) pipelining strategies, reducing the leakage/dynamic energy ratio and simultaneously improving performance and energy efficiency. Measurements of super-pipelined multipliers demonstrate 30% energy savings and 1.6× performance improvement. Since super pipelining reduces the logic depth between registers, two-phase latch based design is employed to compensate for reduced averaging effects and provide better variation tolerance. The second technique introduces a parallel-pipelined architecture that suppresses leakage energy by ensuring full utilization of functional units and reduces memory size. We apply these techniques to a 16-b 1024-pt complex-valued Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) core along with low-power first-in first-out (FIFO) design and robust clock distribution network. The FFT core is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS and consumes 15.8 nJ/FFT with a clock frequency of 30 MHz and throughput of 240 Msamples/s at Vdd=270 mV, providing 2.4× better energy efficiency than current state-of-art and >; 10× higher throughput than typical ULV designs. Measurements of 60 dies show modest frequency (energy) σ/μ spreads of 7% (2%).


Complex networks capture interactions among entities in various application areas in a graph representation. Analyzing large scale complex networks often answers important questions—e.g. estimate the spread of epidemic diseases—but also imposes computing challenges mainly due to large volumes of data and the irregular structure of the graphs. In this paper, we aim to solve such a challenge: finding relationships in a subgraph extracted from the data. We solve this problem using three different platforms: a MapReduce cluster, a highly multithreaded system, and a hybrid system of the two. The MapReduce cluster and the highly multithreaded system reveal limitations in efficiently solving this problem, whereas the hybrid system exploits the strengths of the two in a synergistic way and solves the problem at hand. In particular, once the subgraph is extracted and loaded into memory, the hybrid system analyzes the subgraph five orders of magnitude faster than the MapReduce cluster.


Complexity is a widely used parameter in network design, yet there is
no generally accepted definition of the term. Complexity metrics exist
in a wide range of research papers, but most of these address only a
particular aspect of a network, for example, the complexity of a graph
or software. While it may be impossible to define a metric for overall
network complexity, there is a desire to better understand the
complexity of a network as a whole, as deployed today to provide
Internet services. This document provides a framework to guide
research on the topic of network complexity as well as some practical
examples for trade-offs in networking. This document summarizes the
work of the IRTF's Network Complexity Research Group (NCRG) at the
time of its closure. It does not present final results, but a snapshot
of an ongoing activity, as a basis for future work.


Purpose: Dementia is a prevalent problem for older adults and their families. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach for treatment have been linked to better quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to discover what information is available to patients with dementia upon diagnosis and how beneficial the information given is perceived by the primary caregivers. Secondary objectives included types of resources most utilized by the caregiver and how caregivers found out about such resources. Methods: A qualitative study design was employed using snowball sampling methods and semistructured interviews among primary caregivers (n= 5) of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (n= 3), Lewy Body Dementia (n= 1), and Dementia Unspecified (n= 1) respectively. Thematic coding methods were used to identify potential barriers to accessing timely information regarding disease prognosis and optimal resources. Results: Several themes emerged from caregiver interviews. Central themes found among the caregivers include: 1.) chronic grief 2.) chronic frustrations 3.) chronic guilt 4.) total responsibility of care. Several subthemes emerged that compound upon these caregiver experiences including provider related parries such as lack of quality information, and access barriers including difficulty finding community resources. Conclusion: Caregivers interviewed in this study perceive support from their health care team in general, yet have limited perceived support in navigating how to access community resources. Patients and their families need guidance and support from the health care team upon diagnosis, yet also need ongoing support and education while caring for a loved one with Dementia.


Abstract In this paper, we propose a new variance reduction method for quantile regressions with endogeneity problems, for alpha-mixing or m-dependent covariates and error terms. First, we derive the asymptotic distribution of two-stage quantile estimators based on the fitted-value approach under very general conditions. Second, we exhibit an inconsistency transmission property derived from the asymptotic representation of our estimator. Third, using a reformulation of the dependent variable, we improve the efficiency of the two-stage quantile estimators by exploiting a tradeoff between an inconsistency confined to the intercept estimator and a reduction of the variance of the slope estimator. Monte Carlo simulation results show the fine performance of our approach. In particular, by combining quantile regressions with first-stage trimmed least-squares estimators, we obtain more accurate slope estimates than 2SLS, 2SLAD and other estimators for a broad set of distributions. Finally, we apply our method to food demand equations in Egypt.


BACKGROUND
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are human pathogens that establish lytic and latent infections. Reactivation from latency occurs intermittently, which represents a life-long source for recurrent infection. The role of immune factors in the control of recurrent symptomatic HSV lesions is complex and the exact role of cytokines remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) along with anti-herpetic IgG and IgM, in the symptomatic reactivation of HSV infection.

METHODS
Thirty-six patients with recurrent symptomatic herpes infection were selected as the study group and thirty-two healthy individuals with no history of symptomatic labial herpes infection enrolled as the control group. Skin swabs were obtained from lip and skin lesions for viral culture. Confirmation of HSV cytopathic effect was carried out using PCR assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IgG and IgM were measured using ELISA.

RESULTS
The level of TNF-α was significantly lower in individuals with recurrent symptomatic herpes infection in comparison with the controls (p=0.04). Also a significant elevation was observed in the levels of specific IgG in patients compared to controls (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The decreased level of TNF-α and increased levels of IgG in individuals with a history of symptomatic reactivation of HSV infection is suggestive of a probable shift in favor of the Th2 immune response.


OBJECTIVE
A total of 50 major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were managed by the Duke University Hepatobiliary Service from 1990-1992. The management of these complex cases is reviewed.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred method for removing the gallbladder. Bile duct injury is the most feared complication of the new procedure.

METHODS
Review of videotapes, pathology, and management of the original operations were reviewed retrospectively, and the injuries categorized. Major biliary injury was defined as a recognized disruption of any part of the major extrahepatic biliary system. Biliary leakage was defined as a clinically significant biliary fistula in the absence of major biliary injury, i.e., with an intact extrahepatic biliary system.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight injuries were major biliary ductal injuries and 12 patients had simple biliary leakage. Twenty-four patients had the classic type injury or some variant of the classic injury. A standard treatment approach was developed which consisted of ERCP for diagnosis, preoperative PTC with the placement of stents, CT drainage immediately after the PTC for drainage of biliary ascites, and usually Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with placement of O-rings for future biliary access if necessary. Major ductal injuries were high in the biliary system involving multiple ducts in 31 of the 38 patients. Re-operation was required in 5 of the 38 patients with particularly complex problems.

CONCLUSIONS
Successful management of bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy requires careful understanding of the mechanisms, considerable preoperative assessment by experts, and a multidisciplinary approach.


A general-purpose method for eliminating one or more interferences from spectra in a completely objective way is described. The method, called least-squares subtraction, depends only on the linearity of the spectra and the linear independence of the analyte's spectrum from those of the interferences. The spectrum that results after correction is modified from the spectrum of the pure analyte, but it can still be used for quantitation and identification. Because of this modification, the method is best applied to problems where the presence of the analyte is obscured by the interferences, or when fast, automatic removal of one or more time-varying interferences from a series of spectra is required. The method is illustrated by the removal of a strong interference from the ATR measurement of the infrared spectrum of an enzyme-substrate complex and the removal of a changing chromatographic baseline from the output of a liquid chromatograph's diode array detector.


Background and Aims: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have various problems, including difficulties in social communication skills and presence of repetitive behaviors. The plurality of these problems can affect their abilities to participate in school and community. The variety of these difficulties make it difficult and confusing for the therapists, teachers, and parents to select the most appropriate type of rehabilitation service for these children. The purpose of the present study was translating and assessing face and content validity of a questionnaire developed by Jeff Sigafoos in New Zealand to investigate educational needs and intervention priorities for parents of children with ASD. The results of the study can be used to facilitate designing and planning of rehabilitation interventions for children with ASD. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive-analytic study, psychometric methods were employed. Firstly, Assessment of Educational Needs and Intervention Priorities questionnaire and the permission for its translation were obtained from the developer. Then, it was translated following the forward-backward process. Next, the translated questionnaire was evaluated in terms of face validity by 10 parents of children with ASD. Also,the content validity was assessed by 10 professionals in Psychology who had clinical expertise in working with children with ASD. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were determined, as well. Results: After the translation process, one item was removed. A very high face validity index was obtained for the new questionnaire (0.97). CVR (1-0.8) and CVI (0.99) were found to be in acceptable ranges. Conclusion: The new Assessment of Educational Needs and Intervention Priorities questionnaire enjoys high face and content validity making it appropriate for assessing educational needs and intervention priorities for parents of children with ASD.


The fragmentary and generally poorly preserved remains of an approximately 3,000 year old skeleton found in association with Lapita cultural material at Natunuku, Fiji, are described. The skeleton, represented by diaphyseal fragments of the major limb bones, fragments of skull and other parts of the skeleton, isolated teeth and a partially edentulous mandible fragment, is that of an elderly (50 year old) male. The mandible is the best preserved bone in these remains. Stature is estimated to be 172 cm. The limb skeleton suggests that the individual is of moderately robust dimensions. Only minimal expressions of osteoarthritis are observed in these remains but opportunities for observations are limited. The teeth exhibit considerable wear and caries are present. The cause of death cannot be determined. There is nO evidence that any of the human remains were burned or charred. Univariate comparisons of morphological details of the skeleton and associated teeth suggest Polynesian similarities such as tall stature, limb robusticity, small tooth crown diameters, and partial rocker jaw. Other aspects of skeletal morphology, limb proportions and the shapes of the leg bones, however, suggest Melanesian affinities. Multivariate analyses of mandibular measurements further suggest Melanesian affinities while similar analyses of a limited number of non-metric traits suggest Polynesian relationships. Until much larger and more representative samples of Lapita-associated skeletons become available, the biological origins of Polynesians, using the human palaeontological record from the Pacific, remains obscure.


LAW The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, by Wael B. Hallaq. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. x + 206 pages. Maps. Gloss, to p. 210. Short bios, to p. 216. Bibl. to p. 224. Index to p. 234. $70 cloth; $24.99 paper. Professor Wael Hallaq offers both the interested reader and the serious student a comprehensive, engaging introduction to the elements and contours of Islamic law. He covers its origins in the pre-Islamic cultures of the Near East to its final construction as a functioning legal system about three centuries after the Prophet's death. By itself, or coupled with his earlier introduction to Islamic legal thought,1 which might profitably be read subsequent to this book, Hallaq's exploration of the development of Islamic law provides a solid foundation for understanding the major themes of the subject, as well as a starting point for its more detailed and specialized study. Hallaq suggests that the four essential attributes of the Islamic legal system - a fully functional judiciary with a court system and rules of evidence and procedure, the elaboration of a legal doctrine, the emergence of a science of legal methodology and interpretation, and the maturation of the doctrinal legal schools - were in place by the middle of the 10th century C.E., and subsequent developments refined but did not further shape this system. His chapterby-chapter examination of these four attributes revolves around a central process that established the defining characteristics of each one. To cite three examples, the important function of the qadis in restraining the power of the caliphs was made possible by the transformation of the military and bureaucratic office of the proto-qadi into a more narrowly defined but increasingly independent role of the qadi as judge. Regarding legal methodology, the declining influence of the rationalists (ahl al-ra'y) in favor of the traditionalists (ahl al-hadith) culminated in a "great synthesis" of the two approaches to legal reasoning that established the parameters of legal thought in Sunni Islam. In the final stage of development, the Sunni juristic "schools" (maddhab) were established through a process of scholarship that evolved throughout the formative period from scholarly circles to personal schools, culminating in four primary doctrinal schools whose scholarship was then projected back to an eponym, such as Shafi'i. The formation of Islamic law is thus revealed as series of related dynamic processes that built upon existing customs and norms, but rapidly took form as an entirely new and distinctive system of legal thought, institutions, and practices. …


I. INTRODUCTION 1470 II. THE MISAPPROPRIATION THEORY: ORIGINS AND DESTINATION 1472 A. Rule 10b-5 and Its Limitations 1472 B. The Development of the Classical Insider Trading Doctrine 1475 C. Expansion of Insider Trading: Acceptance of the Misappropriation Theory 1478 D. Rule 10b5-2(b)(l) and Confidentiality Agreements 1483 III. DIFFERING VIEWS OF A "SIMILAR RELATIONSHIP OF TRUST AND CONFIDENCE" AND THE VALIDITY OF RULE 10b5-2(b)(l) 1487 A. Where the Courts Stand on the Issue 1487 1. Cases Supporting a Broad View of the Duty Requirement 1487 2. Cases Supporting a Narrow View of the Duty Requirement 1490 B. Failings of the Broad View: Analysis of Confidentiality Agreements and Rule 10b5-2(b)(l) 1493 IV. FILLING THE VOID CREATED AFTER ABANDONING RULE 10b5-2(b)(l) 1499 A. Solution: Insider Trading Liability Should be Based on Fiduciary Duties and Agreements to Refrain from Self-Dealing 1499 B. Liability Should Not be Limited to Those with Fiduciary Duties 1504 V. CONCLUSION 1506 I. INTRODUCTION In recent years the Securities and Exchange Commission, commonly known as the SEC, has been involved in a number of highprofile suits that have attracted a good deal of media attention. Among those prosecuted by the Commission are hedge fund billionaire and Galleon Group founder Raj Rajaratnam,1 investment/Ponzi - scheme guru Bernie Madoff,2 television host and magazine publisher Martha Stewart,3 and colorful Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban.4 Although such notable suits may simply be the SECs attempt to justify its own existence and role in the market it polices in light of the financial disasters of the past decade, these cases do raise some significant questions regarding the amount of power delegated to the Commission by Congress.5 Specifically, what exactly is the scope of the SECs authority, and is there any limit on its ability to prosecute some of the most powerful and prominent people in the country? While the SEC seems to be engaged in some muscle-flexing with regard to whom it chooses to prosecute, the Commission has also attempted to broaden the scope of its statutory power, especially with regard to the doctrine of insider trading.6 Rule 10b-5 - the provision utilized to prosecute inside traders - has experienced expansive growth since its creation, developing from a mere statutory catchall provision in the securities laws to one of the SECs chief weapons in combating insider trading and other fraudulent actions in the securities markets.7 In fact, the liberal expansion of Rule 10b-5 from its humble beginnings has been so vast that it led Chief Justice Rehnquist to remark that the Rule is "a judicial oak which has grown from little more than a legislative acorn."8 Despite the significant growth that Rule 10b- 5 has undergone since its enactment, the Supreme Court has always carefully limited the Rule to its statutory roots of prohibiting deceptive and manipulative conduct in the securities markets.9 Traditionally, to be liable for insider trading, the trader had to owe a fiduciary duty to the counterparty to the trade, or have a similar relationship of trust and confidence with him. …


Once seen as a marginal component of corporate philanthropy, cross-sectoral partnerships have aroused considerable interest in recent years in business publications, non-profit management literature, as well as academic papers. Indeed, partnerships between corporations and non-profit arts organizations seem to represent for both sides an inevitable, if not vital, strategic tool to survive and thrive in the marketplace. However, despite increasingly successful or less successful examples of nationwide community-based collaborations between the corporate and non-profit sectors, cross-sector partnerships have rarely been addressed at a public policy level, and when it comes to the art sector, at a cultural policy level. By reviewing and analyzing literature from the early 1990s to the present, this study intends to better understand the value of such cross-organizational practices and its further implications on society. Central to this study will be to evaluate how nonprofits' increased reliance upon corporate money can affect those organizations' missions and how cross-sector alliances can address and respond to community needs. Last, by emphasizing major issues such as possible areas of collaboration, strategies, and potential dangers of alliances, this research project also aims at helping business professionals, arts administrators, as well as non profit managers to build partnerships in the most strategic and effective way.


Although fragile X syndrome (FXS; OMIM 300624) is generally regarded as the most common inherited form of cognitive impairment,1–3 there is little consensus as to its prevalence in the general population or to sex-specific differences in prevalence. Estimates of FXS prevalence (∼1/4000–1/8000) that are based on population projections from cohorts of children with special education needs (SEN) generally underestimate the extent of clinical involvement (for a comprehensive summary, see Song et al 4), as many individuals affected by the behavioural, emotional and/or learning disabilities of FXS have IQs in the normal or borderline range.5 6 The latter may not be included in cohorts that use cognitive impairment as an inclusion criterion, a problem that is particularly marked for girls, with the majority having IQs within the normal range.7

A second difficulty with population studies is the tendency to conflate disease prevalence (projections from SEN cohorts) with allele/carrier frequencies within the general population, as prevalence estimates will only approach carrier frequencies for complete penetrance. Thus, seemingly paradoxical results among studies of prevalence may reflect the effects of selection bias, conflation and differing defining criteria for FXS across studies. Aspects of this "paradox" are exemplified by two important screening studies of Israeli women. Using the same cut-off point (55 CGG repeats) for premutation (PM) carriers, Toledano-Alhadef et al 8 found a higher frequency of carriers (127/14 334 = 1/113) than did Pesso et al 9 (62/9459 = 1/152), despite the fact that Pesso et al reported a higher frequency for full mutation (FM) alleles (4 FM carriers; 1/2365) than did Toledano-Alhadef et al (3 FM carriers; 1/4778). Although the numbers of FM alleles in the two studies are too small to attach significance to the difference in frequencies, the trend is consistent with the exclusion of individuals with a family history of …


Head pose and eye location estimation are two closely related issues which refer to similar application areas. In recent years, these problems have been studied individually in numerous works in the literature. Previous research shows that cylindrical head models and isophote based schemes provide satisfactory precision in head pose and eye location estimation, respectively. However, the eye locator is not adequate to accurately locate eye in the presence of extreme head poses. Therefore, head pose cues may be suited to enhance the accuracy of eye localization in the presence of severe head poses. In this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed in which the transformation matrix obtained from the head pose is used to normalize the eye regions and, in turn the transformation matrix generated by the found eye location is used to correct the pose estimation procedure. The scheme is designed to (1) enhance the accuracy of eye location estimations in low resolution videos, (2) to extend the operating range of the eye locator and (3) to improve the accuracy and re-initialization capabilities of the pose tracker. From the experimental results it can be derived that the proposed unified scheme improves the accuracy of eye estimations by 16% to 23%. Further, it considerably extends its operating range by more than 15°, by overcoming the problems introduced by extreme head poses. Finally, the accuracy of the head pose tracker is improved by 12% to 24%.


There are few observational studies measuring the ecosystem‐scale productivity effects of changes in incident diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PARdiffuse), especially related to wildfire smoke. Climate change‐induced increases to the duration and intensity of fire conditions have made smoke a common occurrence across western North America, with largely unquantified ecosystem feedbacks. Under equivalent amounts of radiation, increased atmospheric particulate matter could lead to a boost in productivity as scattering redistributes photons throughout multilayer canopies. In this work, we leverage a meso‐network of eddy covariance measurement sites across a unique array of managed and restored C3 and C4 canopy types to understand how recent wildfire smoke affected ecosystem productivity during the summer of 2018, an especially smoky year in the agriculturally productive Central Valley. We find that diffuse PARdiffuse increased by more than a third compared to the previous growing season, while total PAR was only slightly diminished. These conditions caused nearly a doubling of light use efficiency over the range of diffuse fraction observed, with the highest sensitivity to diffuse fraction exhibited by corn and alfalfa crops. We utilized an empirical model to assess the trade‐off between enhanced diffuse fraction and reduced total PAR. Under mean radiation conditions, daily integrated gross ecosystem productivity increased by 1.2–4.2% compared to the previous growing season. Finally, we explore the potential negative effect of heightened ozone, a copollutant often associated with wildfire. In addition to the effects of wildfire smoke, the results of this natural experiment can help validate future predictions of aerosol‐productivity feedbacks.


The Capacity Building in Higher Education (CBHE) action supports international cooperation projects based on multilateral partnerships between organisations active in the field of higher education. It supports the relevance, quality, modernisation and responsiveness of higher education in third countries not associated to the Erasmus + programme for socio-economic recovery, growth and prosperity and reacting to recent trends, in particular economic globalisation but also the recent decline in human development, fragility, and rising social, economic and environmental inequalities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.


New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically remote data centers, are drawing attention to the need for provisioning end-to-end connectivity services spanning multiple and heterogeneous network domains. This heterogeneity is due not only to the data transmission and switching technology (the so-called data plane) but also to the deployed control plane, which may be used within each domain to automate the setup and recovery of such services, dynamically. The choice of a control plane is affected by factors such as availability, maturity, operator's preference, and the ability to satisfy a list of functional requirements. Given the current developments around OpenFlow and software-defined networking (SDN) along with the need to account for existing deployments based on GMPLS, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved. The retained solution must equally address the specific issues of multidomain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints that characterize them. In this setting, we propose a functional and protocol architecture for such interworking, based on the key concepts of network abstraction and overarching control, implemented in terms of a hierarchical stateful path computation element (PCE), which provides the orchestration and coordination layer. In the proposed architecture, the PCEP and BGP-LS protocols are extended to support OpenFlow addresses and datapath identifiers, unifying both GMPLS and OpenFlow domains. The solution is deployed in an experimental testbed and validated. Although the main scope of the approach is the interworking of OpenFlow and GMPLS, the same approach can be directly applied to a wide range of multidomain scenarios, with either homogeneous or heterogeneous control technologies.


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In this article we consider two coupled tetrameric mixed-valence (MV) units accommodating electron pairs, which play the role of cells in molecular quantum cellular automata. It is supposed that the Coulombic interaction between instantly localized electrons within the cell markedly inhibits the transfer processes between the redox centers. Under this condition, as well as due to the vibronic localization of the electron pair, the cell can encode binary information, which is controlled by neighboring cells. We show that under certain conditions the two low-lying vibronic spin levels of the cell (ground and first excited states) can be regarded as originating from an effective spin-spin interaction. This is shown to depend on the internal parameters of the cell as well as on the induced polarization. Within this simplified two-level picture we evaluate the quantum entanglement in the system represented by the two electrons in the cell and show how the entanglement within the cell and concurrence can be controlled via polarization of the neighboring cells and temperature.


This paper presents an overview of the first variable examined in the Heritage Language Variation and Change in Toronto project (Nagy 2009), which strives to apply consistent methodology across multiple languagecontact contexts and variables to advance our understanding of contact-induced change. It is principally comprised of sociolinguistic interviews conducted in Toronto with 40 speakers from each of six heritage languages (Cantonese, Faetar, Italian, Korean, Russian and Ukrainian). Participants are also asked about their ethnic identification, language use, and linguistic attitudes (Keefe & Padilla 1987, Hoffman & Walker 2010). Responses are translated into index scores to quantify each speakers' orientation toward their heritage language/culture and their English/"Canadian" culture. Here we examine the effects of a constellation of factors (linguistic, typological, demographic, social) on a single linguistic variable: (pro-drop). Our Cantonese, Italian and Russian data, ~6,000 tokens, is contrasted with a sample from the Toronto English Archive (Tagliamonte & Denis 2010). For comparability with previous studies of pro-drop, we examine the effects of continuity of reference (Cameron 1995), contextual/ formal ambiguity of the subject's referent (Paredes Silva 1993), clause type (Harvie 1998), priming by the preceding subject (Torres Cacoullos & Travis 2010), person and number of the subject, and tense of the following verb. Pro-drop rates and constraint hierarchies in each HL show no relationship to any indices of generation since immigration, ethnic identity or language use, suggesting that this variable is not used to construct ethnic identity and is not undergoing change as the heritage varieties of each language develop in


Arginine kinase (AK) is a member of the guanidino kinase family that plays an important role in buffering ATP concentration in cells with high and fluctuating energy demands. The AK specifically catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl transfer between ATP and arginine. We have determined the crystal structure of AK from the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) in its open (substrate‐free) form. The final model has been refined at 2.35 Å with a final R of 22.3% (Rfree = 23.7%). The structure of the open form is compared to the previously determined structure of the transition state analog complex in the closed form. Classically, the protein would be considered two domain, but dynamic domain (DynDom) analysis shows that most of the differences between the two structures can be considered as the motion between four rigid groups of nonsequential residues. ATP binds near a cluster of positively charged residues of a fixed dynamic domain. The other three dynamic domains close the active site with separate hinge rotations relative to the fixed domain. Several residues of key importance for the induced motion are conserved within the phosphagen kinase family, including creatine kinase. Substantial conformational changes are induced in different parts of the enzyme as intimate interactions are formed with both substrates. Thus, although induced fit occurs in a number of phosphoryl transfer enzymes, the conformational changes in phosphagen kinases appear to be more complicated than in prior examples.


This paper suggests a simple analogy between learning classifier systems (LCSs) and neural networks (NNs). By clarifying the relationship between LCSs and NNs, the paper indicates how techniques from one can be utilized in the other. The paper points out that the primary distinguishing characteristic of the LCS is its use of a co-adaptive genetic algorithm (GA), where the end product of evolution is a diverse population of individuals that cooperate to perform useful computation. This stands in contrast to typical GA/NN schemes, where a population of networks is employed to evolve a single, optimized network. To fully illustrate the LCS/NN analogy used in this paper, an LCS-like NN is implemented and tested. The test is constructed to run parallel to a similar GA/NN study that did not employ a co-adaptive GA. The test illustrates the LCS/NN analogy and suggests an interesting new method for applying GAs in NNs. Final comments discuss extensions of this work and suggest how LCS and NN studies can further benefit each other.


The study has an overall focus on the selection of conference destinations for the corporate sector. The main research question is: What factors influence the conference destination selection and how do they relate? Under this we investigated three areas; the destination factors ranking on importance, relationships between destination factors and intervening factors, and differences on the importance levels of destination factors across the groups of the intervening factors. Most empirical findings are similar in regards to the factors that are of importance in influencing the selection of a destination. The factors are; accessibility, affordability, facilities, quality of service, attractions and entertainment, safety and security and image. In the process of selecting a destination for a conference various aspects affects the planning and thereby the evaluation of the destination factors, these are called intervening factors. This study look at the relationships among the destination factors mentioned and the intervening factors size of the corporation, economic turnover, use of intermediaries, number of conferences organized yearly by the corporation and the number of delegates usually at the smallest and largest conferences. A method triangulation was conducted, with interviews of intermediaries and local suppliers for the conference industry, literature review and a questionnaire respondent by meeting planners in the corporate sector in Norway. The research resulted in the findings of a ranking of the destination factors based on their level of importance, and the ranking was first quality of service, then accessibility, facility, affordability, safety and security, image and last attractions and entertainment. Conference destination selection 7 When exploring the relationships among the intervening factors and the destination factors, quite a few medium and strong correlations were found. The strongest correlations were between image and quality of service, facility and quality of service, accessibility and number of conferences organized, facility and number of conferences organized, and between attractions and use of intermediary. Accessibility and facility also had significant higher important scores for those organizing the number of conferences of respectively over ten and between 3-4 delegates. Attractions and entertainment also had significant higher importance score for those using intermediary services, than those that do not. The findings are, especially because of the sample size, not generalizable to the population at large, but they can imply certain tendencies maybe worth being aware of and investigate further.


The article 29 of the Constitution consolidates the principle of equality of all persons before the law, the court, and other state institutions and officers. The constitutional principle of equality of persons is a constitutional guarantee of the innate human right to be treated in the same manner as the others are treated. In its rulings the Constitutional Court has held for more than once that this principle obligates to apply uniform legal assessment to homogeneous facts and prohibits to arbitrarily assess essentially homogeneous facts in a different manner. Although the principle of equality is regulated by the Constitution, as well as national laws and international treaties, but the mechanism of its' practical implementation and a possibility to protect equality rights in reality is a great importance. The UN Paris Principles provide that a national human rights institution or the ombudsman's office should be established in the national Constitution or by a law that clearly sets out its role, procedure of appointment, mandate and powers, accountability. The ombudsman shall be accountable only to the Parliament, thus none of the executive power institutions or any other public or private institution, organization, or any politician may directly or indirectly interfere with his work. The national institution shall have an infrastructure which is suited to the smooth conduct of its activities, in particular adequate funding. The purpose of this funding should be to enable it to have its own staff and premises, in order to be independent of the Government and not be subject to financial control which might affect its independence. The Ombudsman's office should be based on pluralism and transparency. The UN Paris Principles provide that for equality body shall be given as broad a mandate as possible. The Article 13 of the Racial Equality Directive provides three different competences for equality bodies: to give assistance to victims, to conduct surveys and to issue recommendations and reports. In this article the author analyses the problems of legal status of the equality body (the ombudsman): independence, competences, quasi-judicial functions, and effectiveness of activity.


Over the past century the Dutch water supply sector has undergone a process of upscaling in which the number of utilities dropped from 230 in the late 1930s to 14 in 2007. Although the policy of upscaling service provision has been continued over this period, the driving forces behind the upscaling process have changed from government-steered upscaling to mergers which are initiated and executed by the water utilities. The shift in drivFing forces reflects two interlinked changes in the Dutch water supply sector. First, it highlights a shift in objectives that public water utilities are expected to achieve. The government-driven mergers in the first part of the 20th century focused on expanding service coverage to the unserved population. The mergers of the past decade highlight the increasing emphasis on efficiency and "market position". Secondly, the change in driving forces behind the mergers in the Dutch water supply sector, as illustrated by the case of Friesland, reflect the shift to a "new model of public management" in the water services sector in which public water utilities are expected to operate as autonomous agencies and on the basis of commercial principles (meaning that economic considerations for mergers predominate).


Human perceptual systems have evolved to provide accurate information about orientation and movement through the environment. However, these systems have been challenged in the past century by modern transportation devices and will be further challenged by virtual environments (VEs) and teleoperator systems. Illusory self-motion within a VE (cyberspace) will be entertaining and instructive, but for many users it will result in motion sickness (cybersickness). Sensory conflict theory and the poison hypothesis provide an unproven theoretical foundation for understanding the phenomenon. Although no single engineering solution is likely, the problem can be contained by a combination of engineering design, equipment calibration, and exposure management.


Chemical analysis of the dinoflagellate symbiont of Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata (Verrill) revealed higher concentrations of kallolides and related diterpenes than are present in the intact holobiont. Further, biosynthetic studies of the dinoflagellate with 3 H-labeled geranylgeranyl diphosphate indicated that this alga is capable of kallolide biosynthesis. These data indicate that the symbiotic zooxanthellae of P. bipinnata, as we have previously shown with P. elisabethae, are capa- ble of biosynthesizing diterpenes previously ascribed solely to the host coral. Analyses of P. bipinnata colonies indicate significant chemical variation within this species, and 4 distinct chemotypes have been identified. Of these, only Chemotype A was found to both contain diterpenes and be capable of diterpene biosynthesis. We analyzed small subunit rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and internal transcribed spacer sequences of the zooxanthellae associated with the 4 chemo- types for genetic differences that could explain the chemical differences. Both studies determined that all chemotypes are predominantly populated by the symbiont Symbiodinium sp. Clade B.


In this study, we set out to ask three questions. First, does lexical entrainment with a robot interlocutor persist after an interaction? Second, how does the influence of social robots on humans compare with the influence of humans on each other? Finally, what role is played by personality traits in lexical entrainment to robots, and how does this compare with the role of personality in entrainment to other humans? Our experiment shows that first, robots can indeed prompt lexical entrainment that persists after an interaction is over. This finding is interesting since it demonstrates that speakers can be linguistically influenced by a robot, in a way that is not merely motivated by a desire to be understood. Second, we find similarities between lexical entrainment to the robot peer and lexical entrainment to a human peer, although the effects are stronger when the peer is human. Third, we find that whether the peer is a robot or a human, similar personality traits contribute to lexical entrainment. In both peer conditions, participants who score higher on "Openness to experience" are more likely to adopt less conventional terminology.


The article aims to investigate the Calvin's Genevan Service Order. It focuses on the question how the Psalter Calvin shaped the worship of the Reformed Church in Geneva. The article follows the critical edition of the Genevan prayer in Calvini Opera Selecta and in the German Studienausgabe as the two main published editions of the Genevan order with its related texts. The article shows that Calvin adhered to the general line of the Swiss and Upper German Reformations. It explores the understanding of worship reflected in the Genevan Service Order and the specific significance of its musical aspect. The article illustrates why Calvin gave the psalms the place he did in Genevan Reformed worship.


The deep-gas reservoirs of China's western Sichuan Basin are in Members 2 and 4 of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation. These reservoirs contain mid- to large-sized gas fields like Xinchang, Hexingchang, Qiongxi, Zhongba, and Bajiaochang. The favorable geological conditions for creating these fields include abundant source rock, well-developed reservoir rock, good preservation conditions, and structural traps.