Abstract The ventilation and cooling of deep, hot mines present particular problems in Australia as a consequence of the surface climate, the size of the underground voids, the degree of mechanization and the cost of power in remote areas. A preliminary investigation of the effects of controlled partial recirculation of air was conducted in Mount Isa Mines' Deep Copper section. Gas and dust concentrations were measured in the exhaust air of the major working section to assess the potential for recirculating exhaust air to the intake airways to reduce the cost of providing an acceptable working environment in the deep parts of the mine. Studies were undertaken of airborne dust deposition in vertical airways and the efficiency of usage of the ventilation air in diluting contaminants. It was established that 45% of the respirable dust was deposited in a 130-m vertical raise and 60% of the air supplied to the section could be reused or recirculated. The first major field trial of a controlled partial recirculation system in Australia was undertaken in the light of these results and demonstrated excellent potential for significant reduction in ventilation costs. Gas and dust contaminant levels were well below the threshold limit values during the trial. It is concluded that controlled partial recirculation can be a practical, effective and safe aid to normal ventilation practice in Australian deep, hot mines.


Two main groups of staff currently provide writing support to students in British universities. These staff typically enter their roles from a range of professional backgrounds and, consequently, may hold different professional identities and understandings of what academic writing is. Although there is a body of research on teacher identity and on lecturers' conceptualisations of writing, few studies have compared the views and identities of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teachers and learning developers. The current study set out to investigate whether these two groups perceive academic writing in similar or different ways, and why.  We undertook a small-scale study, interviewing eight participants at two universities, half from a post-1992 institution and the others from a research-intensive, high-ranking university. While participants varied in their definitions of writing, common themes emerged, lying on a spectrum from an autonomous, text-based, to an academic literacies perspective on writing. To establish the influences on these perspectives, we investigated the participants' sense of identity as an academic writer, how they learned writing themselves and any influences on them from theory. Neither the EAP teachers nor the learning developers identified strongly as academic writers, despite all holding postgraduate qualifications and some having published their writing. Most reported little to no training in how to write academically themselves, and few mentioned any theoretical stance in their approach to helping students. Although some clustering around particular conceptualisations of writing was observed, we did not find strong evidence that the participants belong to two different 'tribes'.


The enzymatic activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in the brain increases with the progression of Alzheimer's disease, thus classifying BChE as a promising drug target in advanced Alzheimer's disease. We used structure-based drug discovery approaches to develop potent, selective, and reversible human BChE inhibitors. The most potent, compound 3, had a picomolar inhibition constant versus BChE due to strong cation-π interactions, as revealed by the solved crystal structure of its complex with human BChE. Additionally, compound 3 inhibits BChE ex vivo and is noncytotoxic. In vitro pharmacokinetic experiments show that compound 3 is highly protein bound, highly permeable, and metabolically stable. Finally, compound 3 crosses the blood-brain barrier, and it improves memory, cognitive functions, and learning abilities of mice in a scopolamine model of dementia. Compound 3 is thus a promising advanced lead compound for the development of drugs for alleviating symptoms of cholinergic hypofunction in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease.


: In most psycho-biological processes, great deal of nonlinear and dynamically complex behaviors are recorded which arise from interactions among numerous subsystems and processes –mostly with unknown behaviors-. Poincare section is one of the tools used not only for analysis of these systems, but also to control nonlinear systems; chaotic and uncertain. Albeit it has been long ago before introduction of Poincare section, but yet its stages are carried out artistically and heuristically. Yet, it is not possible to "machine learn" based on Poincare section due to unstructured implementation method and problems like uncertain structures and modeling parameters. In this paper, first, modeling -using Poincare section- is explained, then based on the occurred events and the concepts "information" and "relativism", variations in brain pattern of Autistic children will be diagnosed using Poincare section and informative approach. essence, in other words the main problem in Autism spectrum disorder origins from communication networks in brain that can lead to secondary problems over time. Is this paper, a new representations called "developed complementary representation" is introduced. The most important characteristic of this representation is its special attention to signal phase as latent information in signal and effortlessness of energy. All the newly introduced concepts are implemented on electroencephalograph signal of Autistic children which has always been cumbersome to be recorded. This paper has focused on 45 case including 30 Autistic children and 15 healthy ranging from 3-10 years in three different stages; asleep, opened eyes and a state-of-art recording procedure based on brain dynamics and the proposed protocol presented by authors which is destitute of well-known problems of other recording procedures. Results show the presence of a common dynamic pattern in Autistic cased which is entirely different from healthy cases. This pattern variation is introduced in 16 different characteristics which are not related to electroencephalograph's energy but to arrangement of section point on Poincare section (called "event").


The population dynamics of the common wallaroo or euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were investigated in two adjacent sites in far western New South Wales. Wallaroo densities were generally higher in a site of high relief (South Ridge) than in one of low relief (South Sandstone); however, both sites exhibited large fluctuations in numbers (ranges of 2.23-18.31 per km*2 and 3.48-19.99 per km*2, respectively). The proportion of adult males relative to adult females was significantly higher in South Sandstone (c. 1.1 : 1) than in South Ridge (c. 0.4: 1), indicating a difference in habitat usage by the sexes. At both sites, fluctuations in overall density were best explained by changes in the density of adult females; however, the relative importance of changes in the numbers of other size-sex classes in determining density fluctuations differed between the two sites. Total density was significantly related to the previous rainfall regime in South Ridge but not in South Sandstone. Reproductive condition of females and survivorship of young were related to environmental conditions. Adult mortality ranged from 4.55 to 25.81% per year and adult survivorship was positively correlated with the abundance of grass. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that dispersal of subadults is predominantly a male phenomenon.


Due to energy limitation and high operational costs, it is likely that exascale computing will not be achieved by one or two datacentres but will require many more. A simple calculation, which aggregates the computation power of the 2017 Top500 supercomputers, can only reach 418 petaflops. Companies like Rescale, which claims 1.4 exaflops of peak computing power, describes its infrastructure as composed of 8 million servers spread across 30 datacentres. Any proposed solution to address exascale computing challenges has to take into consideration these facts and by design should aim to support the use of geographically distributed and likely independent datacentres. It should also consider, whenever possible, the co-allocation of the storage with the computation as it would take 3 years to transfer 1 exabyte on a dedicated 100 Gb Ethernet connection. This means we have to be smart about managing data more and more geographically dispersed and spread across different administrative domains. As the natural settings of the PROCESS project is to operate within the European Research Infrastructure and serve the European research communities facing exascale challenges, it is important that PROCESS architecture and solutions are well positioned within the European computing and data management landscape namely PRACE, EGI, and EUDAT. In this paper we propose a scalable and programmable data infrastructure that is easy to deploy and can be tuned to support various data-intensive scientific applications.


We study tapered fiber bundle based beam-combining structures that closely maintain their lowest supermodes in order to optimize the output beam quality. A method for efficiently producing structures with high beam quality is proposed. The method is based on monitoring the output powers of the tapered fiber bundle during fabrication and evaluating the beam properties at the central portion based on symmetry considerations. The method is demonstrated experimentally and supported by theoretical analysis. Several seven-fiber combiner configurations are demonstrated. The obtained beam qualities are close to the theoretical limits, as dictated by the brightness conservation law.


Welcome to the first 1999 part of the Journal of the Geological Society. Three years have passed since my incoming editorial and so it is timely to re-state the principles and standards which guide our publishing team. In particular I want to reinforce our desire to allow the subject matter of the journal to evolve as the discipline matures. Here is where we are The Journal is one of the most widely available, as well as highly cited geoscience journals. In addition to over 4100 personal copies selected by Fellows of the Society, the Journal is also held by over 600 libraries world-wide. The Journal is particularly well known internationally for its wide coverage of world geology, including geochronological studies, and for works which elucidate large-scale geological structures. Many such papers in the Journal synthesize a wide variety of types of data and would not be suitable in a specialist journal. We also publish a significant proportion of more specialist, but still high-quality papers in which authors are successfully cajoled to place the results of their studies in a wider context so that their results can be appreciated by the readership as a whole. We reject around 40–50% of submissions. This is likely to increase due to pressure arising from increasing submissions and length of papers. The rejected manuscripts are often good, but fail to address a wider readership than that of a specialist journal. In most issues we publish Specials: short articles (up to 4 published pages) on


Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen representing one of the most common causes of life-threatening bacterial infections such as sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Covalently polymerized pilus-like structures have been discovered in GBS as important virulence factors as well as vaccine candidates. Pili are protein polymers forming long and thin filamentous structures protruding from bacterial cells, mediating adhesion and colonization to host cells. Gram-positive bacteria, including GBS, build pili on their cell surface via a class C sortase-catalyzed transpeptidation mechanism from pilin protein substrates that are the backbone protein forming the pilus shaft and two ancillary proteins. Also the cell-wall anchoring of the pilus polymers made of covalently linked pilin subunits is mediated by a sortase enzyme. GBS expresses three structurally distinct pilus types (type 1, 2a and 2b). Although the mechanisms of assembly and cell wall anchoring of GBS types 1 and 2a pili have been investigated, those of pilus 2b are not understood until now. Pilus 2b is frequently found in ST-17 strains that are mostly associated with meningitis and high mortality rate especially in infants.
In this work the assembly mechanism of GBS pilus type 2b has been elucidated by dissecting through genetic, biochemical and structural studies the role of the two pilus-associated sortases. The most significant findings show that pilus 2b assembly appears "non-canonical", differing significantly from current pilus assembly models in Gram-positive pathogens. Only sortase-C1 is involved in pilin polymerization, while the sortase-C2 does not act as a pilin polymerase, but it is involved in cell-wall pilus anchoring. Our findings provide new insights into pili biogenesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the role of this pilus type during host infection has been investigated. By using a mouse model of meningitis we demonstrated that type 2b pilus contributes to pathogenesis of meningitis in vivo.


Tupperware Home Parties, Shaklee Corporation, Amway, Mary Kay Cosmetics-theirs is an approach to business that violates many of the basic tenets of modern American commerce. Yet these direct selling organizations, fashioned by charismatic leaders and built upon devoted armies of door-to-door representatives, have grown to constitute an $8.5 billion a year industry and provide a livelihood for more than 5 million workers, the vast majority of them women. The first full-scale study of this industry, Charismatic Capitalism, revises the standard contention that the rationalization of social institutions is an inevitable consequence of advanced capitalism. Nicole Woolsey Biggart argues instead that less rational organizations built on social networks may actually be more economically viable.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults, affecting thousands of people worldwide every year, with a life expectancy, post diagnosis of 12 months. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy together, result in an overall mean survival not exceeding 15 months. Targeted therapeutic agents sorafenib, an oral multi kinase inhibitor, and lapatinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, used in combination have been shown to kill GBM cells be through inhibition of major growth mediating signaling pathways that are frequently over expressed in gliomas, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT). Sorafenib can restore lapatinib induced cytotoxicity by down regulation of myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression. Prior studies have shown Mcl-1 to play an important role in resistance to lapatinib. Furthermore, data indicated that this drug combination is able to trigger activation of autophagic and apoptotic pathways and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in GBM cells, collectively resulting in cell death. In conclusion, data presented here demonstrates that the combination of sorafenib and lapatinib can kill GBM cells in a greater than additive fashion, through induction of autophagy, apoptotic events (extrinsic and intrinsic) and ER stress.


In the mid-fifties Patrick Dennis published his Auntie Mame in the United States with enormous success, and it was immediately translated into Italian by Orsola Nemi and Henry Furst (La zia Mame, Bompiani 1956). Only fifty years later the book became a best seller in Italy, thanks to a new translation by Matteo Codignola (Zia Mame, Adelphi 2009). This article analyses both versions of the book focusing on the importance of the references in the text to the codes of homosexual culture in the United States, and underlining how Auntie Mame presented a positive view of the queer community in open contrast with the widespread homophobia in American society during the Cold War years.


Cross-border direct investment constitutes a substantial sector of the international financial market and is also an important vehicle for the transfer of technology and the modernisation of national economies. In recent years, international arbitration has gained a prominent role as a means of settlement of foreign investment disputes. The number and size of investment disputes under arbitration have risen significantly due to the growing number of bilateral investment treaties and increased use of arbitration under multilateral investment treaties. Arbitrating such disputes requires specialised skills and arbitrators with international experience. This new title, featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, deals with the procedural and substantive legal aspects of arbitrating foreign investment disputes. The chapters cover the basic framework of investment protection, the key notions of investment protection and examples and crucial aspects of arbitrating foreign investment disputes. For those involved with international investment arbitration, including practising lawyers, anyone doing business abroad and academics Arbitrating Foreign Investment Disputes: Procedural and Substantive Legal Aspects will provide high level analysis and accurate legal updates and assessments from around the world.


Laws that restrict foreign funding to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can depress voting through two mechanisms. First, they can signal a democracy recession. Consequently, citizens might fear rigged elections where their vote will not influence who forms the next government. Second, by denying funding to NGOs, these laws can undermine NGOs' ability to generate social capital, which is crucial to mitigate collective action problems associated with voting. Since 1990, 13 of Africa's 54 states have enacted laws restricting foreign funding for NGOs. Drawing on the 2016 Afrobarometer survey (36 countries, 53,936 respondents), we find support for the argument that restrictive NGO laws reduce citizens' electoral participation in national elections probably by signaling democracy recession, and not by undermining social capital that foreign-funded NGOs are supposed to generate. In fully democratic countries, respondents are around 94% more likely to report having voted in a recent national election even after controlling for restrictive NGO laws.


Background: Disinfection and sanitation are important in areas where food is involved. Thorough cleaning is a necessity to prevent growth of harmful pathogens that could affect human health. Sponges used for cleaning can serve as a vehicle for cross-contamination on food preparation surfaces. There are various methods that could be used to disinfect contaminated sponges. The usage of a microwave is one suggested method. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Scotch-Brite Brand, cellulose sponges contaminated with E.coli (10 cfu/ml) could be disinfected using a microwave set at three timings (30 seconds, 1 minute, and 2 minutes). Methods: The Hygiena MicroSnap was used to detect the presence (or absence) of E.coli in sponges after microwave heating. The relative light units (RLU) indicated in the monitor determined whether there were any remaining coliforms in the sample after microwaving. Results: Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and NCSS. After heating sponges for 30 seconds, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. After heating for 1 minute, 70% of the samples had no E.coli present. After heating for 2 minutes, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. The p-value of 0.03567 concludes that the results were statistically significant at the 5% significance level. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that sponges contaminated with E.coli can be disinfected using microwave heating. EHOs, food establishment operators, and the general public can use this knowledge to re-use their old sponges and avoid further cross-contamination. Conclusions: The results indicate that microwave time is associated with the presence or absence of E.coli in a sponge. However, E.coli was present in 3 samples microwaved at 1 minute. This suggests further studies are required to confirm the findings of this study. In addition, further studies are required to determine what specific time is sufficient to completely eliminate the E.coli in a contaminated sponge.


The phenomenon of psychotherapy training may be described in many, equally valid, ways. In this paper, a conceptual map is constructed which incorporates a process model for the training of psychotherapists. In terms of this model, training should be a context where various orders of learning are encountered by student and trainer. In particular, the trainees must learn how to differentiate for each other and how to separate for the trainer. Three evolutionary stages of training are identified to describe how an emancipatory learning context may be created. It is suggested that training may never be concluded.


The environment for international investors considering investment into the South African mining sector is unfortunately complicated and requires the investor to be aware of various critical issues, including in relation to:
the mining specific statutory and regulatory framework (constituted in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA), the Mining Charter and the Codes of Good Practice),
obtaining and maintaining ownership in relation to mining and prospecting rights,
broad based economic empowerment (including community participation),
environmental obligations,
health and safety obligations,
water use issues,
exchange control regulations,
regulations pertaining to the transfer of mineral rights,
beneficiation requirements,
labour related issues,
competition law related issues,
an understanding of corporate and tax laws, and
an understanding and appropriate application of local and foreign antibribery and corruption laws.


A curious property of randomized log-space search algorithms is that their outputs are often longer than their workspace. This leads to the question: how can we reproduce the results of a randomized log space computation without storing the output or randomness verbatim? Running the algorithm again with new random bits may result in a new (and potentially different) output.
We show that every problem in search-RL has a randomized log-space algorithm where the output can be reproduced. Specifically, we show that for every problem in search-RL, there are a pair of log-space randomized algorithms A and B where for every input x, A will output some string t_x of size O(log n), such that B when running on (x, t_x) will be pseudo-deterministic: that is, running B multiple times on the same input (x, t_x) will result in the same output on all executions with high probability. Thus, by storing only O(log n) bits in memory, it is possible to reproduce the output of a randomized log-space algorithm.
An algorithm is reproducible without storing any bits in memory (i.e., |t_x|=0) if and only if it is pseudo-deterministic. We show pseudo-deterministic algorithms for finding paths in undirected graphs and Eulerian graphs using logarithmic space. Our algorithms are substantially faster than the best known deterministic algorithms for finding paths in such graphs in log-space.
The algorithm for search-RL has the additional property that its output, when viewed as a random variable depending on the randomness used by the algorithm, has entropy O(log n).


A first‐generation energy sorghum hybrid with enhanced photoperiod sensitivity and long growth duration accumulated more than twice as much biomass as grain sorghum. The energy sorghum produced more leaves (~45 vs 17–20), longer stems (~4 vs 1.5 meters) and had a higher stem‐to‐leaf biomass ratio than grain sorghum. At the end of the season, energy sorghum stems represented 83% of the plant's shoot biomass. The greater biomass accumulation was due to longer growth duration, a higher leaf area index, greater radiation interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. When grown under dryland or limited irrigation conditions, the rate of biomass accumulation by the energy sorghum hybrid was reduced in mid‐season. This decrease was most apparent in August due to summer water deficit; however plants recovered when rain occurred in September. Crop growth modeling and biomass accumulation rates measured under optimal field conditions show that energy sorghum, like other C4 energy grasses, has excellent biomass yield potential. The greenhouse gas offset values of energy sorghum hybrids, grown in large and small field plots, and under fully irrigated and dryland conditions, ranged from 63–78% for cellulosic ethanol production and 88–95% for power generation. This study shows that drought‐tolerant, annual energy sorghum hybrids have the genetic yield potential to contribute significantly to bioenergy production. Sorghum is a genetically tractable, diverse species with a good genomics platform, making energy sorghum a promising genetic model for the design of C4 grass energy crops. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Abstract : This report represents another milestone of a work in progress: a comprehensive handbook on how to produce high-quality documentation for software architectures. The handbook, tentatively titled Documenting Software Architectures, will be published in early 2002 by Addison-Wesley as part of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Series on Software Engineering. The book is intended to address a lack of language-independent guidance about how to capture an architecture in a written form that can provide a unified design vision to all of the stakeholders on a development project. A central precept of the book is that documenting an architecture entails two essential steps: 1) documenting the set of relevant views of that architecture and then completing the picture by 2) documenting information that transcends any single view. The book's audience is the community of practicing architects, apprentice architects, and developers who receive architectural documentation. This technical note describes ways to document an important but often overlooked aspect of software architecture: the behavior of systems, subsystems, and components.


PIETRZAK, M. B. and D. WALCZAK, 2014. The analysis of the agrarian structure in Poland with the special consideration of the years 1921 and 2002. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 1018-1039 The subject of the paper concerns the spatial differentiation of Poland's agrarian structure and its volatility over time. The agrarian structure is very important if considered from the perspective of the agricultural policy, since it determines the economic situation in the agricultural sector. The size of agricultural farms conditions, for instance, farmers' income levels, or farms' productivity. On a country's scale, the adequate agrarian structure ensures the maintenance of agricultural production at an appropriate level, which translates into the country's food safety. A characteristic feature of Poland's agriculture, in the aspect of the agrarian structure, is its dispersion and significant spatial differentiation. Over years, the agrarian structure in Poland has been affected by a lot of various factors. However, the spatial differentiation of the agrarian structure has remained unchanged despite the implementation of various policies in the past. This lasting nature of the agrarian structure results, among other things, from economic, social, and historical factors. The analysis of the spatial differentiation of the agrarian structure constitutes one of the arguments in favour of the verification of a research hypothesis formulated by the authors. According to the research thesis, the agrarian structure is a long-term and lasting structure. Also, the authors indicate the importance of the consideration of a selected country's agrarian structure due to the planned agricultural policy concerning the implementation of vital changes in the agricultural sector.


PURPOSE
To investigate the integrity of the default-mode network (DMN) by using independent component analysis (ICA) methods in patients shortly after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and healthy control subjects, and to correlate DMN connectivity changes with neurocognitive tests and clinical symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was approved by the institutional review board and complied with HIPAA regulations. Twenty-three patients with MTBI who had posttraumatic symptoms shortly after injury (<2 months) and 18 age-matched healthy control subjects were included in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 T to characterize the DMN by using ICA methods, including a single-participant ICA on the basis of a comprehensive template from core seeds in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) nodes. ICA z images of DMN components were compared between the two groups and correlated with neurocognitive tests and clinical performance in patients by using Pearson and Spearman rank correlation.

RESULTS
When compared with the control subjects, there was significantly reduced connectivity in the PCC and parietal regions and increased frontal connectivity around the MPFC in patients with MTBI (P < .01). These frontoposterior opposing changes within the DMN were significantly correlated (r = -0.44, P = .03). The reduced posterior connectivity correlated positively with neurocognitive dysfunction (eg, cognitive flexibility), while the increased frontal connectivity correlated negatively with posttraumatic symptoms (ie, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and postconcussion syndrome).

CONCLUSION
These results showed abnormal DMN connectivity patterns in patients with MTBI, which may provide insight into how neuronal communication and information integration are disrupted among DMN key structures after mild head injury.


A series of stable and genuinely organic open-shell systems, π-conjugated phenoxyl-nitroxide free radicals (hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxide radicals) have been synthesized and their magnetic properties in the crystalline state investigated, revealing their usefulness of new building blocks for molecular magnetic materials. The salient electronic structure of the hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxide radicals is extended π-spin delocalization from the nitroxide moiety, mediating the localization effect intrinsic to nitroxide radicals. Five representative hybrid radicals containing an aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic substituent in the side part of the compact hybrid radical centers were synthesized, and their molecular/crystal structures in the crystalline state were determined by X-Ray diffraction analyses. CW X-band ESR, 1H-ENDOR spectroscopy and DFT calculations for the hybrid radicals confirmed that an unpaired spin delocalizes over the whole molecular frame including the non-conjugated fragments, suggesting the possibility of tuning their electronic properties through substituent effects in the crystalline state. Significant influence of the phenoxyl moiety on the electronic structure was analyzed in terms of the g-tensor calculations. The SQUID magnetization measurements revealed that the nitroxides bearing alkyl or aromatic substituents behave as 3D Curie-Weiss paramagnets with weak antiferromagnetic (AFM) (Θ = -1÷-2.6 K) or ferromagnetic (FM) (Θ = +0.33 K) spin-spin exchange interactions. On the other hand, heteroaromatically substituted hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxide showed significant AFM interactions with J/kB = -25.6 K. The analysis of the bulk magnetic properties based on the crystallographic data and DFT calculations revealed competition between the intermolecular AFM and FM interactions which originate from the C-O(phenoxyl)...Me(nitroxide) or (N)O-C(arom) infinite 1D head-to-tail chains and the C(arom)-C(arom) head-over-tail dimers forming 3D networks in their crystal lattices.


Bergen city centre is prone to both subsidence and flooding. With a predicted increase in precipitation due to climate change, a higher proportion of rainfall becomes surface runoff, which results in increased peak flood discharges. In addition, it has been predicted that sea-level rise and increasing storm surges will result in coastal flooding. In this study, the dual hazards of flooding and subsidence are analysed to exemplify possible risk assessment maps for areas most prone to the combination of both. Risk assessment maps are a support tool to identify areas where mitigation of subsidence and adaptation for surface water management will be most efficient and measures can be implemented. The results show that dual hazard assessment, like that described in this paper, can be a useful tool for decision-makers when prioritizing areas to implement measures such as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems.


Most work on pattern mining focus on simple data structures like itemsets or sequences of itemsets. However, a lot of recent applications dealing with complex data like chemical compounds, protein structure, XML and Web Log databases and social network, require much more sophisticated data structures (trees or graphs) for their specification. Here, interesting patterns involve not only frequent object values (labels) appearing in the graphs (or trees) but also frequent specific topologies found in these structures. In a recent work, we have introduced the method CobMiner for tree pattern mining with constraints. CobMiner uses tree automata as a mechanism to specify user constraints over tree patterns. In this paper, we focus on applications of this method in two different contexts: XML Mining and Web Usage Mining. An extensive set of experiments executed over real data in these two fields allow us to conclude that CoBMiner is an efficient method for mining datasets whose elements are specified as trees.


Background This study aimed to understand the role of myeloid cell clusters in uninvolved regional lymph nodes from early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods Uninvolved regional lymph node sections from 67 patients with stage I–III resected non-small cell lung cancer were immunostained to detect myeloid clusters, STAT3 activity and occult metastasis. Anthracosis intensity, myeloid cluster infiltration associated with anthracosis and pSTAT3 level were scored and correlated with patient survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed with prognostic variables. Human macrophages were used for in vitro nicotine treatment. Results CD68+ myeloid clusters associated with anthracosis and with an immunosuppressive and metastasis-promoting phenotype and elevated overall STAT3 activity were observed in uninvolved lymph nodes. In patients with a smoking history, myeloid cluster score significantly correlated with anthracosis intensity and pSTAT3 level (P<0.01). Nicotine activated STAT3 in macrophages in long-term culture. CD68+ myeloid clusters correlated and colocalized with occult metastasis. Myeloid cluster score was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.049) and was associated with survival by Kaplan-Maier estimate in patients with a history of smoking (P = 0.055). The combination of myeloid cluster score with either lymph node stage or pSTAT3 level defined two populations with a significant difference in survival (P = 0.024 and P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Myeloid clusters facilitate a pro-metastatic microenvironment in uninvolved regional lymph nodes and associate with occult metastasis in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Myeloid cluster score is an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with a history of smoking, and may present a novel method to inform therapy choices in the adjuvant setting. Further validation studies are warranted.


Machine-assisted language translation systems for technical documents, guide humans through a process of selecting and composing variant partial translations. The constrained nature of technical sublanguages makes language processing aids cost-effective to build and use.

Analogously, we have developed KITSS, a knowledge-based translation system for converting informal English scenarios of the desired behavior of complex reactive systems into formal, executable test scripts. A trainable parser and reference resolver capture domain-specific linguistic knowledge. A logic analyzer establishes coherence in the translation process in a role comparable to a "story understander". It checks the consistency of each step of a translated test script using a theorem prover, a planner, and logic-encoded background knowledge about the system under test. This helps correct common but serious specification errors, including underspecificity, omitted steps, and even some outright mis-statements.

To evaluate how well such technology can scale, we have exercised our technology progressively on a graduated corpus of 100 behavior scenarios spanning 7 advanced calling features for a private telephone switch (PBX), successfully translating 70% into test scripts without any manual post-hoc editing. Our experience with KITSS has enabled us to identify many of the tradeoffs in accommodating informality in specification, versus demanding formality from a human agent.


A study was implemented to evaluate the transportation of woody biomass. This paper reports on the results of transporting wood chips produced in the field from transpirationally dried trees. For the study, a stand of timber was felled and allowed to dry in the field for approximately six weeks. The timber was then chipped in the woods and transported to market. In order to maximize payload of the dry chips, larger capacity trailers were utilized along with the contractors existing chip trailers. The larger trailers (123 yd) contain 19% more volume than the traditional trailer (100 yd), but only increased payload by 10%. Additionally, the extra payload was still 16% below the legally allowed payload.


In this article we argue that in South Africa the current format of legitimised participation and practice in the examination papers for Mathematical Literacy restricts successful apprenticeship in the discipline of scientific mathematics and limits empowered preparation for real-world functioning. The currency of the subject, then, is brought into question. We further argue that the positioning of the subject as a compulsory alternative to Mathematics and the differential distribution of these two subjects to differing groups of learners facilitates the (re)production and sustainment of educational disadvantage. We draw on Dowling's theoretical constructs of differing domains of mathematical practice and positions and focus analysis on a collection of nationally set exemplar Grade 12 examination papers to identify legitimised forms of participation in the subject. We conclude by arguing for a reconceptualised structure of knowledge and participation in Mathematical Literacy and make preliminary recommendations in this regard.


Background: Alcohol and cannabis use frequently co-occur, which can result in problems from social and academic impairment to dependence (i.e., alcohol use disorder [AUD] and/or cannabis use disorder [CUD]). The Emergency Department (ED) is an excellent site to identify adolescents with alcohol misuse, conduct a brief intervention, and refer to treatment; however, given time constraints, alcohol use may be the only substance assessed due to its common role in unintentional injury. The current study, a secondary data analysis, assessed the relationship between adolescent alcohol and cannabis use by examining the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) two question screen's (2QS) ability to predict future CUD at one, two, and three years post-ED visit. Methods: At baseline, data was collected via tablet self-report surveys from medically and behaviorally stable adolescents 12–17 years old (n = 1,689) treated in 16 pediatric EDs for non-life-threatening injury, illness, or mental health condition. Follow-up surveys were completed via telephone or web-based survey. Logistic regression compared CUD diagnosis odds at one, two, or three-year follow-up between levels constituting a single-level change in baseline risk categorization on the NIAAA 2QS (nondrinker versus low-risk, low- versus moderate-risk, moderate- versus high-risk). Receiver operating characteristic curve methods examined the predictive ability of the baseline NIAAA 2QS cut points for CUD at one, two, or three-year follow-up. Results: Adolescents with low alcohol risk had significantly higher rates of CUD versus nondrinkers (OR range: 1.94–2.76, p < .0001). For low and moderate alcohol risk, there was no difference in CUD rates (OR range: 1.00–1.08). CUD rates were higher in adolescents with high alcohol risk versus moderate risk (OR range: 2.39–4.81, p < .05). Conclusions: Even low levels of baseline alcohol use are associated with risk for a later CUD. The NIAAA 2QS is an appropriate assessment measure to gauge risk for future cannabis use.


The government of Kenya has put in place an integrated package of service to reduce gender disparities through credit facilitation, which includes business skills, enhanced and increased access to the viable markets among others. It is in this respect that this paper sought to establish the status of men and women in the entrepreneurial fisheries activities in Kenya; with an objective to establish the social-economic determinants of men and women's participation in fisheries value chain in Nairobi City County. The social structural theory developed by Connell (1987) based on patriarchal system was used to explain the subordination of women in the fisheries value chain in Nairobi City County. The study findings showed that men were prominent in economically high end City market and South C market while women were more in the marginal Kariobangi market. The findings revealed that Gender, age, formal education, marital status and income per month were the socioeconomic determinants affecting the participation of men and women in the fisheries value chain in Nairobi City County. Consequently the chi-square test result showed a significant association between gender and large scale (p-value=0.001); age and aquaculture/fish harvesting (p-value=0.001); marital status and aquaculture/fish harvesting (p-value 0.036); education and transport (0.036); and income per month and distributor (p-value=0.006); and large scale (p-value=0,004).


Endoscopy can be used to monitor the onset of metaplastic transformation and to observe the progression of neoplasia in small animal models of Barrett's esophagus. By avoiding animal sacrifice, the natural history of this disease can be studied in a longitudinal fashion. We aim to characterize the endoscopic features of esophageal mucosa at various stages of the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in a rat reflux model of Barrett's for comparison with histology. Acid and bile reflux was produced by introducing a side-to-side esophago-gastro-jejunostomy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Endoscopic examination of the distal esophagus was performed in 24 surgically altered and 4 control rats, between weeks 24 and 36 after the operation in 4-week intervals, and all rats were biopsied and sacrificed at 36 weeks. Endoscopic images were classified based on the surface mucosal patterns of the distal esophagus and then compared with histology. The endoscopic appearance was classified as: (i) normal, characterized by a smooth surface; (ii) intestinal metaplasia, defined as elevated plaques/ridges, deep grooves, and thin linear folds; (iii) dysplasia, indicated by coarse folds/grooves, meshlike villi, and foveolar appearance; and (iv) carcinoma, suggested by irregular-shaped mass lesions with ulcerations. The endoscopic criteria for intestinal metaplasia yielded a sensitivity of 100% in comparison with histology. Intestinal metaplasia with high-grade dysplasia was found in two rats and with low-grade dysplasia in three rats. Both focally invasive squamous cell carcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma were found in one rat. Small animal endoscopy in a rat model of Barrett's esophagus can be used to perform surveillance, classify mucosal patterns, observe the onset of intestinal metaplasia, and monitor the progression of neoplastic transformation, representing a useful tool for studying the natural history of this disease.


Summer 1874, and Launceston teeters on the brink of anarchy. After abandoning his wife and child many years ago, the Black War veteran Thomas Toosey must return to the city to search for William, his now motherless twelve-year-old son. He travels through the island's northern districts during a time of impossible hardship - hardship that has left its mark on him too. Arriving in Launceston, however, Toosey discovers a town in chaos. He is desperate to find his son amid the looting and destruction, but at every turn he is confronted by the Irish transportee Fitheal Flynn and his companion, the hooded man, to whom Toosey owes a debt that he must repay. 'To Name Those Lost' is the story of a father's journey. Wilson has an eye for the dirt, the hardness, the sheer dog-eat-doggedness of the lives of the poor. Human nature is revealed in all its horror and beauty as Thomas Toosey struggles with the good and the vile in himself and learns what he holds important.

"Short-listed, Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, Fiction Prize, 2015--Winner, Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, Fiction Prize, 2015"--Publisher website


Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, stroke constitutes a public health issue. Few studies were conducted to assess the cost involved in its treatment. Objective: To determine the factors involved in direct cost of stroke in Cotonou-Benin. Method: It consists in a transversal and prospective research of economic type with analytical and descriptive aim. It was conducted from 20thFebruary 2011 to 30thSeptember 2011. The research dealt with 122 stroke patients. With regard to the economic approach, bottom-up was the data collection technique which was adopted. Cost was estimated not only based on the patient himself/herself but considering societal aspect. Cost estimation period was hospitalization period. Data analysis was conducted via software such as Epi info and SPSS. Results: Overall expenses in terms of direct cost varied from $144.9 to $9393.9; average expenses were $1030.1 ± $101.7. Patients aged 50 and above had higher stroke hospitalization cost ($1277.4) than those aged below 50 ($857.4) p = 0.001; male patients made more expenses than females (FCFA 1157.5 against $831.8) p = 0.01; direct cost of stroke was increased in proportion to neurological deficit (score NIHSS) p = 0.043. This cost was higher in cases of hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke (FCFA $1375 against $1098) p = 0.002. Stroke direct cost was also increased in proportion to severance of disability level of patients. Stroke type (hemorrhagic) and RANKIN score were firmly correlated to stroke hospitalization cost. Conclusion: Stroke is very expensive for patientsin Benin and they constitute a burden for both patients and their family. There is a great need to increase awareness regarding risk factor control in order to reduce the cost involved in treating this malady.


International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the eight volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume D is concerned with the influence of symmetry on the physical and tensor properties of crystals and on their structural phase transitions. This role is very important in many different disciplines of the science of materials such as crystallography, elasticity, solid-state physics, magnetism, optics, ferroelectricity and mineralogy, and Volume D deals with all these aspects in a unified way. The volume is divided into 3 parts: Part 1: Introduces the mathematical properties of tensors and group representations and gives their independent components for each of the crystallographic groups. Part 2: Devoted to the symmetry aspects of excitations in reciprocal space: phonons, electrons, Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. Part 3: Deals with the symmetry aspects of structural phase transitions and twinning. A prominent feature is the joint description of twinning and domain structures, which are usually presented in completely separate ways in handbooks of physics and mineralogy. Supplementary software is provided to support and enhance Chapters 1.1 and 1.2 for the determination of irreducible group representations and tensor components, and Part 3 on structural phase transitions. New to this edition: This second edition of Volume D features a new chapter (Chapter 1.11) on the tensorial properties of local crystal susceptibilities, by V. E. Dmitrienko, A. Kirfel and E. N. Ovchinnikova. This chapter describes the symmetry and physical phenomena that allow and restrict forbidden reflections excited at radiation energies close to the X-ray absorption edges of atoms. Reflections caused by magnetic scattering are also discussed. In Part 1, Chapters 1.1 (an introduction to the properties of tensors), 1.2 (on representations of crystallographic groups), 1.3 (elastic properties), 1.5 (magnetic properties) and 1.10 (on tensors in quasiperiodic structures) have been revised. In particular, Chapter 1.5 features a new section on multiferroics by M. Kenzelmann. Chapter 3.3 on twinning of crystals has been updated and new sections on the effect of twinning in reciprocal space and on the relations between twinning and domain structure have been added. Chapter 3.4 on domain structures has also been updated.


The subfamily of Neotropical parasitic catfishes Stegophilinae (Trichomycteridae) is a remarkable group given its specialized feeding habits (lepidophagy, muciphagy, and necrophagy). Despite its biological interest, the systematics of this group has remained in an incipient state. Most genera lack a phylogenetic diagnosis, leading thus to taxonomic instability at that level. Similarly, the hypothesis of monophyly of Stegophilinae is supported by scant morphological evidence. In this study, based on a broad morphological comparative survey of representative genera and species of each subfamily of Trichomycteridae, new evidence is provided to support Stegophilinae as a monophyletic unit. Stegophilinae is herein recognized by four unique synapomorphies, three of them proposed here for the first time. Additionally, phylogenetic diagnoses are offered for all currently recognized genera (including Pareiodon), except Parastegophilus which is placed in the synonymy of Pseudostegophilus. An identification key for stegophiline genera based on external morphology is also presented.


This paper reports on the results from a field experiment that tests the effectiveness of the globally popular Kumon learning method in improving the cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of disadvantaged pupils in Bangladesh. Using a randomized control trial design, we study the impact of this individualized self-learning approach among third and fourth graders studying at BRAC non-formal primary schools. The results show that students of both grades in the treatment schools record substantial and significant improvement in their cognitive abilities as measured by two different mathematics tests (Kumon diagnostic test score per minute and proficiency test score) after a period of 8 months, compared to students in the control schools. In terms of non-cognitive abilities, the results give some evidence of positive and significant impacts, particularly on the self-confidence of the pupils. Interestingly, this intervention also had a positive and significant impact on the ability of teachers' to assess their students' performance. Overall our results suggest the wider applicability of a properly designed non-formal education program in solving the learning crisis in developing countries.


The terminals of vagal lung C fibers (VLCFs) express various types of pharmacological receptors that are important to the elicitation of airway reflexes and the development of airway hypersensitivity. We investigated the blockade of the reflex and afferent responses of VLCFs to intravenous injections of agonists using perivagal treatment with antagonists (PAT) targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, P2X, and 5-HT(3) receptors in anesthetized rats. Blockading these responses via perivagal capsaicin treatment (PCT), which blocks the neural conduction of C fibers, was also studied. We used capsaicin, α,β-methylene-ATP, and phenylbiguanide as the agonists, and capsazepine, iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',5'-disulfonate, and tropisetron as the antagonists of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, P2X, and 5-HT(3) receptors, respectively. We found that each of the PATs abolished the VLCF-mediated reflex apnea evoked by the corresponding agonist, while having no effect on the response to other agonists. Perivagal vehicle treatment failed to produce any such blockade. These blockades had partially recovered at 3 h after removal of the PATs. In contrast, PCT abolished the reflex apneic response to all three agonists. Both PATs and PCT did not affect the myelinated afferent-mediated apneic response to lung inflation. Consistently, our electrophysiological studies revealed that each of the PATs prevented the VLCF responses to the corresponding agonist, but not to any other agonist. PCT inevitably prevented the VLCF responses to all three agonists. Thus these PATs selectively blocked the stimulatory action of corresponding agonists on the VLCF terminals via mechanisms that are distinct from those of PCT. PAT may become a novel intervention for studying the pharmacological modulation of VLCFs.


This article reflects on today's 'technostalgic' trend in media culture by examining the various ways in which Super 8 film as a media technology from the past is re-appropriated and remediated in contemporary memory practices. By looking specifically at restorative and reflective forms of technostalgia manifest in the project Bye Bye Super 8 – In Loving Memory of Kodachrome (2011) and the digital smartphone app iSupr8 (2011), the author explores how in contemporary memory practices media technologies not only construct and mediate memories but have also become the objects of memory themselves. While analysing this double mnemonic process – accounting for both the memory construction by the media technology and the reminiscence of the media technology itself – it is argued that we currently witness a new kind of memory practice enforcing an attentive shift from technologies of memory to a memory of technologies.


ABSTRACT Oxyarietites boletzkyi n. gen., n. sp., a new genus and species of ammonite for the Lower Sinemurian of Burgundy (France): a rare forerunner of the oxycone morphologies for the Jurassic. One of the very first quasi-oxycone ammonites following the Triassic/Jurassic boundary crisis is described. It was collected from the fossiliferous Lower Sinemurian (Semicostatum or Turneri Chronozone) strata of Burgundy (Mavilly-Mandelot, Côte-d'Or, France). The new taxon, Oxyarietites boletzkyi n. gen., n. sp., possesses an involute, compressed and keeled shell of suboxycone morphology, a shell type previously unknown for the Lower Sinemurian. The discovery makes younger by about 2 Ma the emergence of keeled (sub)oxycone shells following the Triassic/Jurassic boundary crisis. Its obviously keeled ventral area allows a probable assignation to the Arietitoidea Hyatt, 1875 sensu Guex (1995) superfamily, but family level assignation and its evolutionary origin remain obscure. Although, it is generally accepted that involute, compressed and keeled suboxycone and oxycone ammonite shells possess the best hydrodynamical abilities and mobility, the acquisition of this probable adaptive advantage in O. boletzkyi n. gen., ç. sp. does not go together with abundancy in the fossil record.


How is migration related to informal activities? They may be complementary since new migrants may have difficulty finding employment in formal work, so many of them end up informally employed. Alternatively, migration and informality may be substitutes since migrants' incomes in their new locations and income earned in the home informal economy (without migration) are an imperfect trade-off. Tajikistan possesses both a very large informal sector and extensive international emigration. Using the gap between household expenditure and income as an indicator of informal activity, we find negative significant correlations between informal activities and migration: the gap between expenditure and income falls in the presence of migration. Furthermore, Tajikistan's professional workers ability to engage in informal activities enables them to forgo migration, while low-skilled non-professionals without post-secondary education choose to migrate instead of working in the informal sector. Our empirical evidence suggests migration and informality substitute for one another.


The crisis of Argentina's neoliberal model that escalated throughout the 1990s, driven in part by the zealousness of how IMF-sanctioned structural reforms were implemented, would eventually culminate in the model's temporary implosion over the years spanning the turn of the millennium. For workers living through this crisis, traditional union tactics would prove unresponsive to the neoliberal juggernaut, while the state was on the defensive as business bankruptcy, informal work, unemployment, and poverty rates soared to unprecedented levels during this period. But the crisis of neoliberalism that so deeply affected the everyday lives of Argentina's working people and their families also proved to be, for some of them, an opening for experimenting with other possibilities for organizing production and economic life. As businesses increasingly failed, more and more workers from a broad cross-section of Argentina's urban-based economy began taking matters into their own hands by occupying and self-managing the troubled workplaces that had been employing them as worker cooperatives. Today throughout Argentina, almost 9,500 workers selfmanage over 200 empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores (worker-recuperated enterprises, or ERTs) in sectors as varied as printing and publishing, media, metallurgy, health provisioning, foodstuffs, shipbuilding, waste management, construction, education, tourism, and energy. The aim of this working paper is to provide a political economic and sociological overview of the rise and establishment of ERTs in Argentina over the past two decades. It does so in order to introduce ERTs to readers that might not be familiar with the Argentine experience of workplace conversions to worker cooperatives and their recent historical emergence. It also gives context to what is arguably, as I will detail in forthcoming research, a new form of hybrid social economy organization – a "solidarity worker cooperative/work integration social enterprise." In this respect, ERTs are a type of hybrid labour-managed firm that uniquely formed, in the Argentine political economic and sociological context, from out of the takeover and conversion of a formerly investor-owned or proprietary business into a worker cooperative by workers themselves.


The evolutionary status of the hot R CrB stars has long remained a matter of conjecture, primarily because of the relative dearth of relevant observational material. Previously the group had been thought to occupy a position intermediate in status between the EHe and R CrB classes as they have (at least at first glance) observational properties in common with both types of object. The photosphere of DY Cen has been quantitatively confirmed to be hydrogen-deficient and photometric variations suggest the star undergoes short period pulsations. Using a period-temperature relation applicable to hydrogen-deficient stars it would appear that this object has similar physical properties to both the EHe and R CrB stars. Narrow band imaging of V348 Sgr has shown that the associated nebula exhibits a bipolar structure and therefore must be closely related to planetary nebulae rather than H II regions. Spectroscopic observations have proved that the star in its present evolutionary state is incapable of ionising the nebula. Several scenarios for this behaviour are briefly discussed. The large helium enrichment found in the nebula indicates that processed material must have been ejected during the last major episode of mass loss. Evidence is presented that suggests a strong hydrogen abundance gradient exists within the nebula. A novel technique has been developed for determining reddening distances. Its main advantage over other similar methods is that both early and late-type stars may be used to establish the reddening-distance relationship. With more development this technique may prove to be an important tool in distance determinations for objects such as planetary nebulae etc. This technique was used to derive a distance of (4. 7±1.0) kpc for V348 Sgr. Using the core-mass relation for hydrogen-deficient stars implies that both V348 Sgr and MV Sgr are lower mass and luminosity objects than EHe and R CrB stars. The evidence presented in this thesis indicates that the hot R CrB group is not a homogeneous one. DY Cen is much more luminous and massive than the other members. The mass and luminosity of V348 Sgr and MV Sgr are consistent with the scenario that both have recently suffered a thermal pulse (causing re-ignition of a helium burning shell) and are currently looping back to the R CrB domain of the H R diagram. I Donald Pollacco hereby certify that this thesis has been composed by myself, that it is a record of my own work and that it has not been accepted in partial or complete fulfilment of any other degree or professional qualification. I was admitted to the Faculty of Science of the University of St. Andrews under Ordinance General No. 12 on 1st October 1985 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. on 1st October 1986. D. L. Pollacco I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate to the Degree of Ph.D.


This article examines The VOID's Star Wars: Secrets of the Empire (2017) VR arcade attraction, and analyzes the intermedial magic principles employed by co-founder and magician Curtis Hickman to create the illusion of a fictive world with impossible space and liveness. I argue that The VOID (Vision of Infinite Dimensions) functioned like nineteenth century magic theaters run by Georges Melies and others, by employing magic principles of misdirection that directed player attention towards the aesthetics of an illusion, and away from the mechanics of the effects generating technology. Narrative framing and performative role play transported multiple players into a believable Star Wars immersive experience, creating an aesthetics of the impossible that reflected the goal of many stage magic tricks, and was foundational to trick films in the cinema of attractions of the early twentieth century. Using game studies concepts like Huizinga's magic circle and theatre arts concepts like Craig's uber-marionette, this article suggests that The VOID and other stage magic approaches to VR, like Derren Brown's Ghost Train (2017), are a new medium for participatory theatre that incorporate immersive features from both cinema and games.


In this study, 24 samples of smoked fish products were analysed in order to investigate the levels of the potently carcinogenic PAHs. Salmon and rainbow trout samples were tested with a liquid choromatographic (HPLC) method. In none of the smoked fish products benzo(a)pyrene, one of the potential carcinogenic PAH compounds limited in food codex alimentarious was detected. However, benzo(a)antrecene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, compounds which could be carcinogenic for humans, were detected in the smoked samples. There is a significant correlation between the fish fat and the total PAHs level. Consequently the average fat contents of the smoked salmon were significantly higher than that of the smoked rainbow trout. It was also detected that the total PAH amount variations of the smoked fish samples were due to the non-homogenous smoke dispersion in the traditional ovens and it was difficult to obtain homogenous smoked fish products from traditional ovens.


From the second half of the twentieth century, modern agricultural developments have reproduced a productivist corporate-controlled globally-integrating food system. Some of the system's negative impacts include heightened and extensive risks to the food and health security of a majority of the world population, environmental modification, and biodiversity losses. The period also witnessed a growth of importance in sustainable issues and alternative farming systems accommodating concerns for sustainability and social equity associated with the hegemonizing power of global productivist agri-food chains. Similar concerns for the condition of agriculture in peripheral regions such as Tasmania gave rise to this study which explored the characteristics and distribution of mandatory productivist industrial farming practices within the vegetable processing industry. The study aimed to determine the overall sustainability of this industry.
To achieve these aims, the study commenced by establishing a literature background as a framework on which historical, political, economic, social and environmental dimensions of food production were explored. This was followed by three phases of qualitative field studies of industry stakeholders with a focus on the potato industry and the management practices of farmers and processors. The phases marked a progressive movement from the institutional/structural level to individual actors in specific locations involving farm working visits. The study applied open-ended interviews in which all aspects of the research were open to collaboration by participants, thus encouraging frank communication, cooperative learning and purposeful action. While acknowledging the significant contribution of farming women and the power of retail capital and consumers, the scope of the study was limited to a focus on farmers and processors in the main agricultural regions in the north of the state.
Interviews confirmed the views that farmer stereotypes were both inaccurate and unhelpful beyond a certain point, failing to reflect the diversity within farming cultures, while results indicated that practices within the vegetable processing industry were indeed productivist in their reliance on inorganic and chemical inputs, mechanization, heavy dependence on technology and fossil fuels, and therefore unsustainable. Yet some change was discernible where conventional farmers have begun to borrow useful and inexpensive techniques from alternative agriculture such as increased use of rotations, green manures and no-till cultivation among others. The study also recognized and developed a 'farmer narrative' in the volunteered stories and descriptions of local beliefs and practices within the study areas. The incorporation of this accumulated knowledge is a useful aid in the development of more sustainable farming models which rely on close knowledge of local resources
and conditions. While the study identified a pervasive fatalism in farmer attitudes regarding shrinking profits, contraction in farm communities, the inevitability of soil erosion, compaction and soil structure loss in Phases One and Two of the research, farmers generally expressed a concern for the welfare of the land and its resources and their role as stewards and conservers. And while acknowledging some of the damage caused by conventional practices, farmers generally argued that strained price returns made the cost of resource and environmental conservation prohibitive. The study associated such tensions with farmer demands for change to their situation as 'price takers'. This was subsequently confirmed in action to increase price returns. Longer term less optimistic views suggested continuing farmer stress and adjustment although the results found no evidence of farmers leaving the land. As a contrary indication that lent weight to previous research, the study detected a pragmatic flexibility among Tasmanian farmers to manage new conditions in difficult times. The study concluded that present practices in the vegetable processing industry were both damaging and unsustainable but given public support, pragmatic flexibility and farmer knowledge were valuable resources with which many farmers will manage a gradual transition from productivism to ecological sustainability and social equity.


This paper is a follow-up of a previous study on the correlates of Type A Behaviour among professional workers in South Africa. In the previous study, data were analysed for a joint group of 375 pharmacists and accountants. In the present study, the two professions are analysed separately. Product-Moment . Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis are used to determine the relationships between Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement, a number of personality variables and Type A Behaviour in samples of accountants (N = 175) and pharmacists (N = 200). Differences between the results for the two occupations were found to exist and are discussed in this paper. JELJ20


Research shows an increase in mental health problems of children. Swedish preschool should closely work with the home and consequently complement the home by creating the best conditions for the development of each child. In line with Curriculum for preschool, shall constant conversation with guardians about the visit at the pre-school and outside, pre-school staff shall promote the individual's well-being, learning and development in the activity. The responsibility overall for ensuring children receive the support they need to develop versatile, lies with preschool leaders. So far, it may seem that mental illness should not be a difficulty to detect. A study of pre-school leaders interviewed in two different municipalities described mental illness as not particularly common when research shows the opposite.


Selecting cosmetics requires visual information and often benefits from the assessments of a cosmetics expert. In this paper we present a unique mobile imaging application that enables women to use their cell phones to get immediate expert advice when selecting personal cosmetic products. We derive the visual information from analysis of camera phone images, and provide the judgment of the cosmetics specialist through use of an expert system. The result is a new paradigm for mobile interactions-image-based information services exploiting the ubiquity of camera phones. The application is designed to work with any handset over any cellular carrier using commonly available MMS and SMS features. Targeted at the unsophisticated consumer, it must be quick and easy to use, not requiring download capabilities or preplanning. Thus, all application processing occurs in the back-end system and not on the handset itself. We present the imaging pipeline technology and a comparison of the services' accuracy with respect to human experts.


SUMMARY Communication among visual cortical areas depends on gamma oscillations. Respective gamma cycles vary substantially in amplitude and duration, yet it is unclear how those fundamental parameters relate to each other and to spiking activity. We recorded local-field-potentials (LFPs) and spiking activity from awake macaque area V1 and detected amplitude, duration and spiking activity per gamma cycle. Longer durations predicted larger amplitudes and stronger spike synchrony, yet lower spike rates. These findings suggest that spontaneous gamma-variability reflects inhibitory mechanisms that reduce spike rates, increase synchronization, and prolong the cycle duration. The classical LFP power-spectrum, estimated on longer time scales, was most strongly predicted from how often certain gamma-cycle durations occurred, rather than by their associated instantaneous amplitudes.


In the developing world, despite official promotion and support, engineered structures continue to fail to take root in post-event reconstruction efforts. Both the 2005 Kashmir and 2001 Gujarat earthquakes are excellent case studies of owner preference in this regard where the overwhelming majority of reconstructed building stock turned out to be non-engineered. Based upon first hand surveys of reconstruction after the Kashmir earthquake and other published studies, this paper attempts to analyse aspects of nonengineered construction that tend to make it more desirable to owners as compared with the engineered options. It finds that these aspects can be divided into two categories. The first one, not entirely specific to non-engineered structures, relates to aspects of physical design such as construction materials and techniques, as well as aesthetic and cultural aspects. The second and critically important aspect is the construction paradigm of the non-engineered structure which takes place within the larger construction milieu of the region. The paper analyses and contrasts the construction paradigm of both types of structures and identifies it as the key difference between the two. It further concludes that improving seismic performance of the non-engineered structure is strongly dependent upon respecting its construction paradigm, and that any change in the culture of construction must be brought about through it.


The inclusion of race-related content in college courses often generates emotional responses in students that range from guilt and shame to anger and despair. The discomfort associated with these emotions can lead students to resist the learning process. Based on her experience teaching a course on the psychology of racism and an application of racial identity development theory, Beverly Daniel Tatum identifies three major sources of student resistance to talking about race and learning about racism, as well as some strategies for overcoming this resistance.


The synthesis of AC-CdO-TiO2 nanocomposite material has been successfully achieved by precipitation method and sonication technique. High photocatalytic activity of AC-CdO-TiO2 nanocomposite material used Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) under UV-light irradiation and that of TiO2; the nanocomposite material was characterized by High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM) with Elementary Dispersive X-ray (EDX), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), XRD analysis, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis DRS analysis. This nanocomposite material obtained by photodegradation of RB 5 dye at various parameters is reported. The reaction of this nanocomposite material was found to be stable and reusable. The antibacterial activity of prepared material was investigated against Gram negative and positive bacterial strains and through their electrochemical activity.


A new simple, sensitive, rapid, precise, and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method had developed for the simultaneous estimation of guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine HCl in ER tablet dosage form. The components separated by using Zorbax SB Phenyl (150 × 4.6 mm i.d × 5 μm) column with UV detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase solvent A and B in the ratio of 950:50 v/v, flow rate was found to be 2 ml/min and run time detected in 15 min. Guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine HCl were eluted with retention time of 10.64 min and 2.635 min. The method validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness as per ICH guidelines and results found within the acceptable limits. The linearity for guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine HCl had found in the range of 96-721 μg/ml and 10-72 μg/ml. The validated method had applied for the routine analysis of these compounds in ER tablet dosage form.


This study aims at analyzing Turkish health policy from a Primary Health Care perspective as pronounced in Alma-Ata, 1978. The Alma-Ata Declaration has long been regarded as a watershed in the health field and 134 countries, including Turkey, have endorsed the Declaration showing their support for the views expressed in the Document. However, although the international community gave its full support, in practice, different interpretations and implementation of the principles have emerged.

Turkey, one of the countries where health has rarely occupied the agenda, has been undergoing radical reforms since the mid 1980s with the ultimate aim of achieving Health for all by the Year 2000 through Primary Health Care. There is full commitment at the national policy-making level to endorse policies coherent with the principles of Alma-Ata. However, not all policies adopted seem to be consonant with what was declared in Alma-Ata requiring a detailed analysis of the policies suggested and implemented. In the light of this, the aims of the study are: (1) to analyze Turkish health policy since the 1960s from a Primary Health Care perspective with the aim of exploring the Turkish response to Alma-Ata; (2) to explore the perceptions of Turkish health policy-makers about Primary Health Care and related issues; (3) to discuss the prospects for Primary Health Care in Turkey.

Basic principles of the Primary Health Care approach as declared in Alma-Ata have been taken as a guideline in analyzing Turkish health policy and the perceptions of the Turkish health policy-makers. These principles and their implementation, or the way they are perceived, have guided the research in answering the question ''what are the prospects for Primary Health Care in Turkey?" The nature of the research, based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews, has necessitated a qualitative stance.

It was concluded that the Turkish version of Primary Health Care differs from the Declaration in a number of ways. A number of possible reasons for this have been offered. The perceptions of the policy-makers on certain issues that are closely related with the Approach, inter alia, has been found as one of the most possible explanations behind the current situation and a need to alter the ascendant approach towards health issues in general has been emphasized.


Cybercrime and cybersecurity are emerging fields of research, shaped by technological developments. Scholars in these interconnected fields have studied different types of cybercrimes as well as victimization and offending. Increasingly, some of these scholars have focused on the ways in which cybercrimes can be mitigated, minimized, and even prevented. However, such strategies are often difficult to achieve in reality due to the human and technical factors surrounding cybercrimes. In this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, three papers adequately address such challenges using college student samples and nationally representative samples, as well as a framework through which cybersecurity can be better managed. Theoretically speaking, these studies use traditional criminological theories to explore different types of cybercrimes and cybersecurity while enhancing our understandings of both. The issue is concluded with a book review of a work about computer crime that was published before the Internet age and offers useful insights for current and future cybercrime studies.


This study aimed to identify fathers and mothers' desired projects related to their children, and strategies used to achieve them in the educative process. Eight couples, with an average social-economic-cultural level, were home interviewed. They had at least one school age child and lived at Porto Alegre. Interview content analysis made possible to identify projects such as: professional training, personal development, family constitution. It was also possible to identify a category of answers that was called freedom for the children to build their own projects. Professional training investment, comfort investment, dialogue, care, egalitarian treatment between children, respect by children's interests and pedagogical instrumentalization were perceived as strategies used by these parents to achieve their projects. Professional training was seen by the participants as highly worth it. All parents interviewed prospect their children in an adult life.


The experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of hyperglycaemia on the trypanocidal efficacy of diminazene aceturate. Groups of alloxan-induced diabetic rats infected with T. brucei and T. congolense were treated with diminazene aceturate, and trypanocidal effects compared with normal non-diabetic controls. Results showed that the prepatent period was shorter in the diabetic (11.25±1.65 days) than non-diabetic-T. congolense (15.0±1.73 days), and also variations in responses to the trypanocidal therapy between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were detected. Parasite clearance time did not differ significantly between the diabetic and non-diabetic (43.2±8.89 versus 52.8±8.89 hours in T. brucei and 33.6±5.9 versus 36.0±6.93 hours in T. congolense, respectively). The relapse intervals were shorter in the diabetic than non-diabetic (16 days versus 23 days in T. brucei , and 7 days versus 14 days in T. congolense , respectively). Proportion of relapses was greater in the diabetic- (100%) than non-diabetic-T. congolense (66.7%). We also find parasite species-related differences in susceptibility to the trypanocide, with a higher apparent cure rate in the T. brucei than T. congolense group. We conclude from the results of this study that the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of diminazene aceturate may be diminished in patients with diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to validate this hypothesis.


Objectives To describe current use of electronic prescribing (EP) in English acute NHS hospital trusts, and the use of multiple EP systems within the same hospital. Design Descriptive cross-sectional postal survey. Setting Acute NHS hospital trusts in England. Participants The survey was sent to chief pharmacists in all acute English NHS hospital trusts in 2011. Where trusts comprised multiple hospitals, respondents were asked to complete the questionnaire for their main acute hospital. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of EP use in acute NHS hospitals; number of different EP systems in each hospital; stages of the patient pathway in which EP used; extent of deployment across the hospital; comprehensiveness regarding the drugs prescribed; decision support functionalities used. Results We received responses from 101 trusts (61%). Seventy (69%) respondent hospitals had at least one form of EP in use. More than half (39;56%) of hospitals with EP had more than one system in use, representing 60 different systems. The most common were systems used only for discharge prescribing, used in 48 (48% of respondent hospitals). Specialist chemotherapy EP systems were second most common (34; 34%). Sixteen specialist inpatient systems were used across 15 hospitals, most commonly in adult critical care. Only 13 (13%) respondents used inpatient electronic prescribing across all adult medical and surgical wards. Overall, 24 (40%) systems were developed 'in-house'. Decision support functionality varied widely. Conclusions It is UK government policy to encourage the adoption of EP in hospitals. Our work shows that EP is prevalent in English hospitals, although often in limited clinical areas and for limited types of prescribing. The diversity of systems in use, often within the same hospital, may create challenges for staff training and patient safety.


This article focuses on how the Other is represented and understood in films produced in Romania during periods of radical political, social and economic change. Specifically it addresses films produced during the years of communism and the planned economy, during the transition to democracy and to capitalism, as well as films produced during the period of democracy, capitalism and membership in the European Union. The research acknowledges two main aspects: the changing face of the Other over time (the socialist state, the foreign investors, the West, etc.) and the consistency of the fantasy structure. More specifically, the relationship between self and the Other generally follows a strict masochist fantasy script in which the Other has the power to constrain freedom, to inflict pain, and to function as an essential element through which pleasure is understood and experienced. The research proposes an understanding of this structure of fantasy, reflected in film through the existence of a national psyche written by the main myths and stories embraced by the society in discussion. This structure of fantasy hails and constructs a certain subject that has a basic masochistic psychic structure.


In January 2018, the IRS published procedures to begin enforcement of Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 7345, which requires the State Department to deny the application for, or revoke the passport of, any individual whom the IRS certifies as having a "seriously delinquent tax debt." IRC section 7345 was enacted on December 5, 2015, as part of the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act). Prior to January 2018, the IRS had not been enforcing IRC section 7345, and there were many questions about how the passport revocation/denial process would work, such as whether there would be any additional exceptions, how the IRS would exercise its discretion, and how the IRS would interact with the State Department. Recently, the IRS has answered many of these questions through the issuance of Notice 2018-01 (Jan. 16, 2018), new Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) provisions, and updates on its website. Now that the IRS has procedures in place to enforce IRC section 7345, it is important for CPAs to advise individual clients about this new and very serious consequence to being noncompliant with their tax liabilities. Below is a description of the provisions of IRC section 7345 and the IRS guidance, followed by answers to common questions that affected individuals may have.


The dissertation consists of three self-contained essays on Public Finance."News Droughts, News Floods and U.S. Disaster Relief" studies the mass media's influence on the U.S. government response to about 5,000 natural disasters in developing countries in 1968-2002. These disasters took around 63,000 lives and affected 125 million people per year. Given the huge losses involved, it is essential that disaster relief is provided to those most in need. We show that U.S. disaster relief depends on the occurrence of other newsworthy events at the time of the disaster, such as the Olympic Games or the O.J. Simpson Trial, which are obviously unrelated to need. We argue that the only plausible explanation for this is that relief decisions are driven by news coverage of disasters, and that this news coverage is crowded out by other newsworthy events."Fiscal Policy and Retirement in the Twentieth Century" proposes a model that explains the trend in labor supply among older workers through changes in fiscal policy, including social security. The essay re-introduces social security as a major determinant of retirement behavior, while simultaneously offering an explanation to the two main puzzles in the literature: (i) the small contemporary retirement elasticities and (ii) the drop in the retirement age prior to the introduction of social security."Sustainable Fiscal Policy and the Retirement Decision" concerns the sustainability of fiscal policy in aging economies and the retirement decision. The essay develops an applied general equilibrium model, where the retirement age is endogenous and current fiscal policy is a response to future demographic developments. Three policies are analyzed: (1) raising taxes (2) reducing the replacement rate and (3) raising the Full Retirement Age. All policies are found to have a substantial impact on retirement. Sustaining fiscal policy will result in falling interest rates, inducing a general delay in retirement. This general equilibrium effect on retirement can be substantially larger than the direct effect of changing social security incentives.


When teachers plan to teach mathematics, they draw on many examples to either
demonstrate a concept or provide opportunities for learners to practise skills and
procedures. The examples used by primary trainee teachers, it is suggested, are often
chosen without suitable consideration of learners' strengths, weaknesses or
misconceptions. Whilst there has been research on the choice of examples by
teachers in secondary mathematics, detailed empirical research of primary
mathematics or for trainee teachers is relatively scarce. In this study, two cohorts of
final year trainee primary teachers were invited to submit lesson plans for analysis
and a sample group was interviewed to try to identify the theoretical frameworks
trainees use for planning mathematics and their approaches to choosing examples for
learning. The data collected was then analysed using a multiple case study approach
against a conceptual framework based on the Knowledge Quartet research of
Rowland et al. (2009) and the development of the notion of example spaces by
Watson and Mason (2005). The analysis sought to identify commonalities in the way
the group of trainees approached planning mathematics and draw insights on their
rationales for choosing mathematical examples. Each trainee's planning was
scrutinized against the theoretical background in the literature and conclusions were
drawn regarding the methods of planning adopted, the examples chosen and the
possible links between these actions and the trainees' levels of mathematical subject
knowledge. Evidence from the study appears to show that trainees do not make use
of theoretical frameworks when planning mathematics lessons, examples are chosen
from existing sources such as textbooks and websites, and any modifications are
made with differentiation as a key factor rather than mathematics pedagogy, with
trainees' subject knowledge playing a minimal role in the planning process.


This paper summarizes an empirical investigation that explored biased project reporting by Information Systems (IS) professionals. The study is based on a survey of 91 professionals who were involved with system implementations in various governmental agencies. Our investigation assessed the impact of project importance, control, structure, and size on biasing behaviors. To formulate the research hypotheses for our study, we adopted a Message Exchange Perspective. The results reveal that IS professionals are more likely to bias their project status communications when working in projects that are (1) large, (2) important, and (3) lack controls. The practical and research implications of our findings are discussed.


Abstract COVID-19 school closure has caused a worldwide shift towards technology-aided home schooling. Given widespread poverty in developing countries, this has raised concerns over new forms of learning inequalities. Using nationwide data on primary and secondary school children in slum and rural households in Bangladesh, we examine how learning time at home during the early months of school closure varies by access to technology at home. Data confirms a significant socio-economic and gender divide in access to TV, smartphone, computer, and internet among rural households. However, the analysis of daily time use data shows only a modest return to a technology in terms of boosting learning time at home. The learning-grade gradient is shallow and insensitive to TV, smartphone, and computer access at home. We also find no evidence that technology access per se helps learning by boosting time spent in online schooling and private supplementary coaching/tutoring. While technology access matters in households where parents act as home tutors, the magnitude of such a complementary effect are not large. The results imply a loss of out-of-school learning time during school closure even in households with technology access. We consider additional hypotheses relating to institutional and socio-economic barriers to home-based learning in developing countries.


Aptamers are short, single-stranded nucleic acids that fold into well-defined 3D structures which bind to a single target molecule (from small molecules to cells) with affinities and specificities that can rival those of antibodies (Jeong et al., 2009). Unlike antibodies, aptamers can be chemically synthesized eliminating the need for animals or cell culture, which also allows for selection under non-physiological conditions and broadens potential targets to include toxic molecules (Banka & Stockley, 2006). The compatibility of aptamers with nanomaterials, in combination with their affinity, selectivity, and conformational changes upon target interaction, have allowed for the development of a large number of therapeutic and targeted delivery systems in recent years exploiting these properties. Despite this, many challenges still exist as unprotected DNA is readily degraded by nucleases prevalent in biological and environmental systems (Bouchard et al., 2010). Embedding aptamers within multilayer polyelectrolyte films could provide a biodegradable shelter, while allowing the detection of diffusible small molecules. An understanding of these materials will allow for the eventual encapsulation of relevant payloads into aptamer–polyelectrolyte microcapsules towards the development of a controlled release system. In this work, films composed of natural polyelectrolytes chitosan and hyaluronan are employed due to their biocompatibility, strong presence in current literature, and amiability to layer-by-layer film construction. Initial progress towards the development of an aptamer-embedded polyelectrolyte film system will be presented.


The development of deployable water-splitting devices is hindered by the cost of electricity and the lack of stable ion conducting membranes that can operate across the pH scale, impose low ionic resistances and avoid product mixing. The membrane-less approach developed in this work breaks this paradigm and demonstrates for the first time an electrolyzer capable of operating with lower ionic resistance than benchmark membrane-based electrolyzers using virtually any electrolyte. Our method separates product gases by controlling the delicate balance between fluid mechanic forces in the device. The devices presented here are able to split water at current densities over 300 mA cm−2, with more than 42% power conversion efficiency, and crossover of hydrogen gas into the oxidation side as low as 0.4%, leading to a non-flammable and continuous hydrogen fuel stream. Furthermore, ability to use buffered electrolytes allows for the incorporation of earth-abundant catalysts that can only operate at moderate to high pH values.


Recently, autonomous driving development ignited competition among car makers and technical corporations. Low-level automation cars are already commercially available. But high automated vehicles where the vehicle drives by itself without human monitoring is still at infancy. Such autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on the computing system in the car to to interpret the environment and make driving decisions. Therefore, computing system design is essential particularly in enhancing the attainment of driving safety. However, to our knowledge, no clear guideline exists so far regarding safety-aware AV computing system and architecture design. To understand the safety requirement of AV computing system, we performed a field study by running industrial Level-4 autonomous driving fleets in various locations, road conditions, and traffic patterns. The field study indicates that traditional computing system performance metrics, such as tail latency, average latency, maximum latency, and timeout, cannot fully satisfy the safety requirement for AV computing system design. To address this issue, we propose a `safety score' as a primary metric for measuring the level of safety in AV computing system design. Furthermore, we propose a perception latency model, which helps architects estimate the safety score of given architecture and system design without physically testing them in an AV. We demonstrate the use of our safety score and latency model, by developing and evaluating a safety-aware AV computing system computation hardware resource management scheme.


Abstract Agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) is motivated by the need to develop software applications that perform in increasingly complex, distributed, open, dynamic and unpredictable environments. Two major fields of research that contribute to achievements towards AOSE are the software engineering and the agent-based computing fields. Even though there is no concrete relation between these two fields in the past years, research communities from software engineering and agent-based computing interact seeking an appropriate methodology and modelling technique for incorporating software agents into the software development process. This article classifies and evaluates the main approaches towards AOSE methodologies and modelling techniques. It aims to clarify different assumptions and attitudes concerning the modelling of agent-based systems and further establish a set of criteria for researchers and practitioners to evaluate existing and ongoing efforts.