Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars have many advantages over their phased-array counterparts: improved spatial resolution; better parametric identifiably and greater flexibility to design the transmit beampattern. The design of the transmit beampatterns generally requires the waveforms to have arbitrary auto- and cross-correlation properties. The correlation/covariance matrix, R, of the waveforms must be positive semidefinite, therefore synthesis of a desired beampattern is usually a constrained optimization problem. In this paper, to simplify the constrained optimization problem, two algorithms are proposed to synthesize the waveform covariance matrix for the desired beampattern. In the first proposed algorithm the elements of a square-root matrix of the covariance matrix R are parameterized using the coordinates of a hypersphere that implicitly fulfil the constraints. This yields an iterative algorithm, whose convergence speed can be increased significantly by providing good initial values. In the second algorithm the constraints and redundant information in the covariance matrix R are exploited to find a closed-form solution. The drawback of the second algorithm is that it may yield a pseudocovariance matrix (pseudo-CM) that is not guaranteed to be positive semidefinite. However, the pseudo-CM can be easily converted into a covariance matrix using eigenvalue decomposition and/or shrinkage methods. Moreover, a pseudo-CM can also be used to provide good initial values for the first algorithm to enable faster convergence.


Abstract Divergent responses to the sinking of the ROKS Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island in 2010 have raised tensions in Northeast Asia. China's enabling response appeared to write North Korea a blank cheque for further provocations; but Beijing has in fact been constrained by fear of destabilisation of the Kim regime. The incidents have prompted a reappraisal of bilateral relations within the region – in particular, the South Korea-US alliance – and revealed the continuing importance of the Sino-US relationship in Korean peninsular security affairs.


In this paper, we propose a new test-generation method for delay faults considering crosstalk-induced delay effects, based on a conventional delay automatic-test-pattern-generation (ATPG) technique in order to reduce the complexity of previous ATPG algorithms and to consider multiple-aggressor crosstalk faults to maximize the noise of the victim line. Since the proposed ATPG for crosstalk-induced delay faults uses physical and timing information, it can reduce the search space of the backward implication of the aggressor's constraints, and it is helpful for reducing the ATPG time cost compared to previous works. In addition, since the proposed technique targets the critical path for the original delay test as the victim lines, it can improve test effectiveness of delay testing. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Diplostephium comprises 111 neotropical species that live in high elevation habitats from Costa Rica to Chile. Primarily Andean, the genus seems to have undergone an adaptive radiation indicated by its high number of species, broad morphological variation, and diversification primarily in an ecosystem (páramo) that formed within the last 2–5 my. Internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequences and several chloroplast markers, rpoB, rpoC1, and psbA-trnH were sequenced in order to infer a preliminary phylogeny of the genus. The chloroplast regions showed no significant variation within the genus. New ITS data were therefore analyzed together with published sequences for generating a topology. Results suggest that Diplostephium and other South American genera comprise a polytomy within which a previously described North American clade is nested. Monophyly of Diplostephium was neither supported nor rejected, but the formation of a main crown clade using different methods of analysis suggests that at least a good portion of the genus is monophyletic. A Shimodaira-Hasegawa test comparing the topology obtained and a constrained one forcing Diplostephium to be monophyletic showed no significant difference between them. Monophyly of some of the previously proposed series of the genus was not supported by the phylogenetic tree. Morphological character mapping results suggest that the high Andean forest tree species are derived from shrubby páramo-puna ancestors, contradicting previous hypotheses about morphological evolution of the genus and documenting an atypical trend of downslope diversification in páramo plants.


This dissertation focuses on the visitor opinions of zoos on their most recent visits. Visitors that were selected to participate in the research ranged from 18-20 year olds to 60+ year olds. There was also a range in employment status from students to full time workers.
The aim of the study was to reveal where a zoos focus lies, with the option that a zoo is a biologically sound establishment that provides an insight into the conservation of endangered species. Alternately the research could reveal that zoos are a place where people go to be entertained by animals regardless of their species. To gather the relevant data a survey was carried out, surveyed people were asked if they had visited a zoo within the past 5 years. This would ensure that the data was relevant to the subject matter and the time.
The research consisted of a questionnaire that was randomly distributed amongst the public in Gloucestershire, Oxford, and Preston (Lancs.) to obtain a view from different parts of the country for comparison. By using different locations, it also provided different zoos to be connected and identified to past research in order to compile an opinion of whether zoos have progressed since the previous research.
It is not possible to get a set answer to the question proposed, as it is a deep question that is complex and would need more research conducted both with the visitors and with the zoos themselves. The research results suggest a basis that the public are aware of the issues that cause species endangerment, though there is still concern that zoos must entertain their visitors in order to lure them back.


Donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers are promising materials for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as they minimize detrimental faradaic side-reactions during OECT operation, yet their steady-state OECT performance still lags far behind their all-donor counterparts. Here, we report three D-A polymers based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit that afford OECT performances similar to those of all-donor polymers, hence representing a significant improvement to the previously developed D-A copolymers. In addition to improved OECT performance, DFT simulations of the polymers and their respective hole polarons also revealed a positive correlation between hole polaron delocalization and steady-state OECT performance, providing new insights into the design of OECT materials. More importantly, we demonstrate how polaron delocalization can be tuned directly at the molecular level by selection of the building blocks comprising the polymers' conjugated backbone, thus paving the way for the development of even higher performing OECT polymers.


Objectives: The present study has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral group-therapy on the development of visually impaired adolescents' self-concept. Methods: This study is a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test model. The study population consisted of visually impaired male students of the primary and secondary high school at the Omid-e-Mashhad Educational Center for the Blind in the 2014-2015 academic year. Beck's Self-Concept Scale was used as a research tool, and 20 students with scores one deviation standard below the mean were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapies, each of 90 minutes. The post-test data analysis was performed by conducting SPSS using descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation for the study variables and tables) and inferential statistics methods (including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test for independent groups, Lewin test, and co-variance test). Results: The results of covariance analysis revealed that the intervention of cognitive behavioral group counseling can significantly increase the self-concept among the participants of the experimental group. Discussion: Cognitive-behavioral group counseling sessions can improve the self-concept of visually impaired adolescents. Moreover, positive self-concept will increase their social interaction and mental health. A B S T R A C T Article info:


Cockburn Cement Limited operates the largest cement manufacturing works in Western Australia and the largest lime manufacturing works in Australia. Cockburn has dredged shellsand from local coastal waters since 1972 in accordance with the Cement Works (Cockburn Cement Limited) Agreement Act. To gain approval for medium term access, Cockburn had to prepare an acceptable Environmental Management Plan, incorporating details of a number of studies, including the feasibility of rehabilitating seagrass (Project S2). This document summarises the S2 project from its inception, which was designed to take place in two phases; the first consisted largely of a review of relevant literature and data, and the second was the work program itself.

The following scope of work was identified for Phase 1; complete a review of the seagrass rehabilitation literature, design and scope field studies, undertake an assessment of the availability of sites for use in large-scale seagrass rehabilitation and recommend an approach to be undertaken in Phase 2 of the study. A synthesis report was produced which provided an assessment of the condition of the project area for accommodating seagrass rehabilitation, based on available information, and recommendations on the approach, scope of work and tasks for the next phase of the project. Phase 2 encompassed the process of site selection, manual experimental work carried out to augment mechanical transplantation, and the development of mechanical transplantation. The site selection process culminated in the production of a table of potential sites identifying various relevant characteristics of each location. From this list, sites were identified for different purposes within the project such as donor supply and recipient locations.


As Congress debates the reauthorization of the basic federal student aid legislation, and as governors and state legislators cope with increasingly severe budgetary problems of their own, the issues of preserving college opportunity and sharing the burden of college costs are particularly critical and timely. This book assesses the role of government subsidies for higher education --especially but not exclusively federal student aid --in keeping college affordable for Americans of all economic and social backgrounds. The authors examine the effects of student aid policies of the last twenty years. They address several vital questions, including: Has federal student aid encouraged the enrollment and broadened the educational choices of disadvantaged students? Has it made higher education institutions more secure and educationally more effective --or has it raised costs and prices as schools try to capture additional aid? Has federal student aid made the distribution of higher education's benefits, and the sharing of costs, fairer? And what are the likely trends in patterns of college affordability?Drawing on their analysis, the authors highlight some of the principal dimensions of policy choice on which the debate has focused, as well as some that have been relatively neglected. Building upon their conclusion that student aid works, they propose reforms that would bolster the role of income-tested aid in the overall student financing picture. McPherson and Schapiro recommend a number of incremental reforms that could improve the effectiveness of existing federal aid programs and present a proposal to replace a substantial fraction of state-operating subsidies to colleges and universities with expanded federal aid.


The objectives of the study were to assess soil quality and its relationship to the sustainability of tea cultivation in the Northern Mountainous Zone, Vietnam. Overall soil quality declined with increasing age of the tea plantations as evidenced by decreases in soil OC, total N, K and S, available P and K, mean weight diameter of aggregates, total porosity, plant available water capacity (PAWC), and earthworm populations. As well, total P, bulk density and mechanical resistance increased with increasing cultivation intensity. Because these soil properties were sensitive to cultivation effects, they were considered to be good indicators of soil quality. Soil properties that were less sensitive to change, and limited as soil quality indicators included texture, clay mineralogy and sesquioxides, Cd concentration, and effective cation exchange capacity. Soil quality changes were greatest during the first 10 years of cultivation and were generally greatest in the surface 0to 40-cm of soil. Soil and crop management factors (e.g., fertilization) were considered to be the most important factors affecting soil quality. Decreases in long-term crop yields were found to correspond with decreases in soil quality. In terms of crop productivity, the most important soil quality indicators (based on a multiple regression analysis) were OC, available P, total K and PAWC. Economic analysis of the yield and production cost data indicated that, under current conditions, tea cultivation in the Northern Mountainous Zone is sustainable for periods of about 40 years. Thus, measured values of soil quality indicators in the 40-yr tea soils were considered to represent the "critical levels" for economic sustainability of tea cultivation. In addition to quantitative assessments of soil quality, qualitative assessments involving farmer interviews were used to evaluate the overall efficiency of current management practices to sustain long-term tea production. The major socio-economic indicator of sustainability was farm prosperity, which reflected the willingness of farmers to adopt soil conservation technologies. Government policies related to land ownership and market access also were important factors influencing sustainability.


Extracted from text ... Boekbesprekings / Book Reviews
1436 HTS 61(4) 2005
Spencer, F S 2003 - What did Jesus do? Gospel profiles of Jesus' personal
conduct
Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International. 279 pages. Price: $21.95 (paperback).
Reviewer: Prof Glenna S Jackson (Otterbein College)
W W J D Spencer transposes the popular phrase, What would Jesus do? to What did
Jesus do? He begins his examination with Jesus' reaction to the fig tree in the story
that frames the so-called temple-tantrum episode and argues that even the most
literalistic of interpreters would not take that story prescriptively. How then, asks
Spencer, can we properly ..


Within many species, larger offspring have higher fitness. While the presence of an offspring size–fitness relationship is canonical in life-history theory, the mechanisms that determine why this relationship exists are unclear. Linking metabolic theory to life-history theory could provide a general explanation for why larger offspring often perform better than smaller offspring. In many species, energy reserves at the completion of development drive differences in offspring fitness. Development is costly, so any factor that decreases energy expenditure during development should result in higher energy reserves and thus subsequently offspring fitness. Metabolic theory predicts that larger offspring should have relatively lower metabolic rates and thus emerge with a higher level of energy reserves (assuming developmental times are constant). The increased efficiency of development in larger offspring may therefore be an underlying driver of the relationship between offspring size and offspring fitness, but this has not been tested within species. To determine how the costs of development scale with offspring size, we measured energy expenditure throughout development in the model organism Danio rerio across a range of natural offspring sizes. We also measured how offspring size affects the length of the developmental period. We then examined how hatchling size and condition scale with offspring size. We find that larger offspring have lower mass-specific metabolic rates during development, but develop at the same rate as smaller offspring. Larger offspring also hatch relatively heavier and in better condition than smaller offspring. That the relative costs of development decrease with offspring size may provide a widely applicable explanation for why larger offspring often perform better than smaller offspring. A plain language summary is available for this article. (Less)


Surface concentrations of secondary inorganic particle components over the UK have been analysed for 2001–2010 using the EMEP4UK regional atmospheric chemistry transport model and evaluated against measurements. Gas/particle partitioning in the EMEP4UK model simulations used a bulk approach, which may lead to uncertainties in simulated secondary inorganic aerosol. However, model simulations were able to accurately represent both the long-term decadal surface concentrations of particle sulfate and nitrate and an episode in early 2003 of substantially elevated nitrate measured across the UK by the AGANet network. The latter was identified as consisting of three separate episodes, each of less than 1 month duration, in February, March and April. The primary cause of the elevated nitrate levels across the UK was meteorological: a persistent high-pressure system, whose varying location impacted the relative importance of transboundary versus domestic emissions. Whilst long-range transport dominated the elevated nitrate in February, in contrast it was domestic emissions that mainly contributed to the March episode, and for the April episode both domestic emissions and long-range transport contributed. A prolonged episode such as the one in early 2003 can have substantial impact on annual average concentrations. The episode led to annual concentration differences at the regional scale of similar magnitude to those driven by long-term changes in precursor emissions over the full decade investigated here. The results demonstrate that a substantial part of the UK, particularly the south and southeast, may be close to or exceeding annual mean limit values because of import of inorganic aerosol components from continental Europe under specific conditions. The results reinforce the importance of employing multiple year simulations in the assessment of emissions reduction scenarios on particulate matter concentrations and the need for international agreements to address the transboundary component of air pollution.


This case study investigated the relationship between policy and practice with regard to advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Ugandan teacher education. Our qualitative study, conducted in 2008, focused on the experiences of six language teacher educators in an urban Primary Teachers' College (PTC). We also drew on insights from an interview with the then Ugandan Minister of ICT, Doctor Ham-Mukasa Mulira and the national ICT policy. Whilst the Minister expressed the hope that technology would transform Ugandan education, our findings suggest that the success of ICT initiatives depends largely on whether local conditions support such initiatives. Despite their enthusiasm for digital technology, the participants were challenged by the expense of Internet connectivity, inadequate training, power outages, and culturally irrelevant material. We suggest that ICT policy should address teacher educators' use of digital technology across diverse sites, and that innovations such as the eGranary portable digital library might be particularly useful in poorly resourced educational institutions.


Low Earth Orbit satellite systems gained considerable interest towards the end of the previous decade for its some important characteristics that are showed with such low propagation delay, low power requirements and ability to communicate with handheld terminals. So LEO networks are considered to be complementary rather than competitive to terrestrial networks. But the higher relative speed than terrestrial mobile networks is the main disadvantage of LEO satellites. As a result, the frequency of handover is more which decreases the quality of service. To overcome this problem, many solutions are given by scientists. Here we have proposed a Population Based Mobility Management (PBMM) method where we have divided the total Earth"s surface into three types of area and applied different mobility management method for each of the populated areas. Through mathematical analysis simulation results shows that this method is better than the standard mobility management methods and can successfully reduce the handover costs.


To further facilitate commercialization of automotive fuel cells, durability concerns need to be addressed. Currently the addition of a mechanical support in the membrane is able to adequately solve issues of mechanical degradation, but chemical degradation via oxygenated radical attack remains an unsolved challenge. Typical mitigation strategies use cerium or manganese species to serve as radical scavengers, but these ions are able to migrate in the membrane and even leach out of the system. The approach used in this study is to covalently link and immobilize a heteropoly acid (HPA), more specifically 11-silicotungstic acid (HSiW11), a lacunary HPA of the Keggin structure to a fluoroelastomer, serving as both a radical decomposition catalyst and the proton conducting acid. This dual functionality allows for both high content of radical scavenging species and high ion-exchange capacity. An efficient three step, high yield (77%), commercially viable synthesis for this polymer is reported. The synthesis route for making this new heteropoly acid functionalized polymer is confirmed using infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The material exhibits clustering of the HSiW11 moieties, resulting in a poorly connected proton conducting phase when dry, but excellent conductivity is achieved at elevated humidities (0.298 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 95% RH). The proton conductivity shows an enhancement above 60 °C due to a softening of the polymer, as shown by DSC. Under an aggressive chemical accelerated stress test (AST), 90 °C, 30% RH, zero current, and pure O2, the PolyHPA losses only 0.05 V of open circuit voltage (OCV) after 500 h, greatly out performing any other material reported in the literature. For comparison, the Nafion® N211 fuel cell drops below 0.8 V after only 76 h under the same conditions. In fuel cell testing the PolyHPAs have outstanding chemical stability and also possess very low in situ high frequency resistance (HFR) leading to high performance (1.14 W cm−2 at 2 A cm−2), compared to 1.11 W cm−2 for the Nafion® N211 fuel cell at the same current. At 75 wt% HSiW11 loading, the fuel cell HFR showed a 22% decrease over N211.


This paper uses per capita data for 132 countries over 1960–2010 to estimate elasticities of sectoral energy use with respect to national gross domestic product (GDP). We estimate models in both levels and growth rates and use our estimates to sectorally decompose the aggregate energy-GDP elasticity. Our estimates show that residential energy use is very inelastic to GDP if primary solid biofuels are counted in energy use tallies, especially at low income levels. Residential use of electricity is more tightly linked to GDP, as is energy use by the transportation, industrial, and services sectors. Agriculture typically accounts for a small share of energy use and has a modest energy-GDP elasticity. The aggregate energy-GDP elasticity tends to be higher for countries at higher income levels, in large part because traditional use of primary solid biofuels is less important. Gasoline prices, winter temperature, population, and land area are among other factors influencing sectoral energy use.


The emission of metals during municipal solid waste incineration has become a
question of considerable public and scientific concern in the light of evidence of their
extreme toxicity. Sophisticated and expensive gas cleaning systems are required to
meet the increasingly stringent EC atmospheric emission limits. While the technology
for the clean-up of particulate matter and acid gases in flue gas is comparatively
straightforward, the emissions of micro-pollutants such as heavy metals and dioxins
remain a concern. Previous research on metal emissions has concentrated on overall
mass balances, working either with laboratory or plant based measurements, or with
computational models (frequently with little correlation between the techniques),
leading to incomplete information on the system concerned. The waste incineration
process is highly inhomogeneous, due to the changing nature of the waste feed, but the
effects of changing waste feed and combustion conditions on the concentration and
distribution of metals in incinerator residues has not been investigated fully until now.
Therefore the main objective of this PhD research project was to develop a
comprehensive understanding of metal behaviour during municipal solid waste
incineration, including an assessment of the importance and effect of temporal
variation in waste composition and incineration conditions, through a co-ordinated
programme of experimental measurements and mathematical modelling.
A new on-line continuous monitoring technique was developed in order to obtain
temporally resolved data on metal concentrations in incinerator flue gases. This
system was used to obtain unique data on the distribution of nineteen different metals
in a UK municipal solid waste incinerator. It was found that not only was metal
distribution highly dependent on the volatility of the metal concerned, but also that
temporal fluctuations could be extremely significant. These were caused by changing
waste feed and changing incinerator conditions.
In parallel with the experimental programme, state-of-the-art thermodynamic
modelling techniques were used to predict the distribution of metallic pollutants during
waste incineration, for a range of waste compositions and combustion conditions. The
thermodynamic equilibrium around various heterogeneous items in municipal waste
was studied in order to a) assess the importance of non-uniformity in the waste stream,
and b) investigate whether this could lead to the observed periodic changes in metal
concentrations. These calculations, in conjunction with the experimental data
obtained, have helped to show how unusual partitioning behaviour can be the result of
local or transient behaviour on the burning bed, as well as changing bulk incinerator
combustion conditions or bulk waste feed properties.
These two approaches to the problem of understanding metal behaviour during
municipal solid waste incineration have complemented each other extremely well. The
presence of spikes in metal emissions has clearly been demonstrated, and probable
causes have been identified. Heterogeneous items containing high proportions of
volatile metal are the most likely source of the large spikes observed for some heavy
metals, whilst other changes are linked to more general incinerator conditions. These
results indicate that more careful sorting of municipal waste prior to incineration could
significantly reduce the toxic metal spikes in the flue gas, and therefore the overall
environmental impact of incineration, although the atmospheric emissions are already
near-zero and are therefore of minimal impact.


Book description: Part of the seminal Cambridge History of Music series, this volume departs from standard histories of early modern Western music in two important ways. First, it considers music as something primarily experienced by people in their daily lives, whether as musicians or listeners, and as something that happened in particular locations, and different intellectual and ideological contexts, rather than as a story of genres, individual counties, and composers and their works. Second, by constraining discussion within the limits of a 100-year timespan, the music culture of the sixteenth century is freed from its conventional (and tenuous) absorption within the abstraction of 'the Renaissance', and is understood in terms of recent developments in the broader narrative of this turbulent period of European history. Both an original take on a well-known period in early music and a key work of reference for scholars, this volume makes an important contribution to the history of music.


Traditional identification of ore minerals with reflected light microscopy relies heavily on the experience of the observer. Qualified observers have become a rarity, as ore microscopy is often neglected in today´s university tracing, but since it furnishes necessary and inexpensive information, innovative alternatives are needed, especially for quantification. Many of the diagnostic optical properties of ores defy quantification, but recent developments in electronic and optics allow new insights into the reflectance and colour properties of ores. Preliminary results for the development of an expert system aimed at the automatic identification of ores based on their reflectance properties are presented. The discriminatory capacity of the system is enhanced by near IR reflectance measures, while UV filters tested to date are unreliable. Interaction with image analysis software through a wholly automated microscope, to furnish quantitative and morphological information for geometallurgy, relies on automated identification of the ores based on the measured spectra. This methodology increases enormously the performance of the microscopist; nevertheless supervision by an expert is always needed.


"Fundamentals of Media Effects" is a readable scholarly text geared to undergraduate students in the media effects course. The book is divided into three sections. Section 1, "Overview and History", provides historical evidence for media effects and for societal concern about media effects. Section 2, "Theory and Concepts", includes the concepts and theories that serve as the basis for different types of media effects research. The final section, Section 3, "Key Areas of Research", delves into the specific areas of inquiry.


Access to financing remains one of the most significant constraints to the survival, growth, and productivity of micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SME credit gap has proven to be an enduring structural feature across both developing and developed markets, even in countries that have enacted a variety of policy measures to support SMEs and enhance financial inclusion more broadly. In the world's developing markets, about half of the estimated 400 million SMEs,1 or 180 to 220 million SMEs, still have unmet credit needs totaling US$2.1 to US$2.6 trillion. The credit gap results from both demand and supply side problems. Many SMEs are reluctant to seek or cannot access credit due to: the reams of financial documentation and collateral requirements for obtaining a loan; high costs and interest rates; and multi-week decision timeframes. Digitizing SME finance and making use of transactional and alternative data offer an opportunity for addressing both sides of this problem. Therefore, this report focuses broadly on digital data for SME lending which includes new uses of both traditional data (bank, accounting, transactional, and sales data) as well as alternative data (online ranking and social media, mobile, and individual data, such as psychometric testing). This report identifies the landscape of alternative data being increasingly used to expand access to SME finance. It also explores some of the new operating models and the new breed of SME digital lending originators. It also looks at collaborative partnerships that are harnessing alternative and transactional data. and the report concludes by listing potential areas that policymakers and regulators need to understand in order to enhance SME access to finance.


This paper provides an inventory of the available macroeconomic statistics in the UK for the last hundred years or so. The focus is on documenting the higher frequency (daily, monthly and quarterly) macroeconomic data that are available after the World War 1, rather than longer run annual time series which has been the focus of other collections. It discusses some of the challenges that need to be overcome in order to create a continuous historical dataset over this period. The inventory follows the structure of the Economic Trends Annual Supplement (ETAS) that was produced for many years by the Office for National Statistics. It covers statistics on National Accounts, prices, labour market indicators, selected demand and output indicators and financial market data (including money and credit aggregates). Using this structure the paper explores to what extent it is possible to create a consistent, usable and comprehensive high frequency macroeconomic dataset back to the 1920s and earlier.


My thesis describes an exploratory process into a practitioners' discourse on appropriate education.
Chapter one: Appropriate Education is about the Dutch educational policy called Passend onderwijs. The chapter positions the appropriate education in national and international educational and ethical Discourses with a capital 'D' and discourses with a lower-case 'd'.
Chapter Two: My Exploring Voices starts with the autobiographical description of my extended educational career, leading initially to an exploration of appropriate education from a phenomenological approach. The chapter then describes my researcher's shift from phenomenology to the narrative turn. Following reflective sculptor activities, the leading question became how to do justice to, and present the variety between and within, the practitioners' voices. As a consequence the situational (Guillemin & Gilman, 2004), relational (Ellis, 2007) and perfomative ethics (Holman Jones, 2005) started to play a major role additional to prevailing procedural qualitative researchers' ethics (Baarda, Goede & Teunissen, 2009; Clandinin, 2007; Cohen, Manion & Morrisson, 2000; Evers, 2007; Maso & Smaling, 1998). Alongside these auto-ethnographic-driven ethical considerations, from Bakhtin (1981) I tapped the idea of using a dialogue as a way of presenting the varieties within and between voices. Bakhtin (1984b) taught me as an author to renounce my essential surplus of knowledge. Boje challenged me as author to construct a polylogue as an antinarrative to keep the polylogue out of the prison of required unity of coherence. The plot of my thesis is my substantiated justification of constructing a plotless polylogue as to do justice to the variety within and between practitioners' voices I heard talking about appropriate education.
Chapter Three: Exploring Voices Exploring Appropriate Education describes the methodological steps towards the construction of a polylogue and writing its text. It is about the collecting process of information: about the destructive process of the collected information into stories to resource the polylogue; about the temporarily emplotment (Boje, 2001) as a tool to grasp the number of stories and the subsequent fragmentation of the plots and their constituent stories; about creating five characters and distributing the fragmented plots amongst the five created characters; about
constructing, enacting and recording a scenario; about the process of writing and polishing a polylogue text; and about weaving a play.
Chapter Four: Voices Exploring Appropriate Education contains the polylogue described as a play. The characters are: Anne, administrator; Cees, volunteer and researcher; Joan, special educational needs coordinator at a primary school; Paul, special primary education school director; Rob, a janitor; and Rosemary, primary school teacher school. A glossary is added for the practitioners' Dutch slang that I decided to leave untranslated in the English medium polylogue to emphasize the Dutch character of the appropriate education policy and its discourse.
Chapter Five: Post Voices begins with my reflective review of the exploratory process from the perspective of Vygostky. I first reflect on my explorer's role from the traditional Dutch Vygotskian approach concluding my prelude education voice resounded in my exploring voice. Reflecting on
voices exploring appropriate education from Vygotsky's socio-historical voice I conclude, referring to Lyotard (1998), that my small story on an appropriate education discourse adds an intrinsic and ongoing incoherence to the Dutch appropriate education Discourse (Gee, 2005). Reflecting on the
zones of proximal appropriate education developments I conclude that the presentness (Morson, 1994) to the current appropriate education discourse is lacking. My final words are on my acceptance and the consequences of this omission.


In recent decades, a growing body of academic literature has focused on the possible
negative effects of high levels of home ownership, especially on labour markets. Morethan-optimal
levels of home ownership may impede the mobility of workers, resulting
in higher unemployment rates in some European regions. Against that backdrop, a
simple model was devised to test the relationship between home ownership, mobility
and unemployment. Recent macroeconomic data published by Eurostat suggest that
both the variables of mobility and home ownership have had a significant impact on
the dynamics of unemployment rates across the EU28.


We present an analysis of archival data from multiple XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. Spectral data from the RGS instruments reveal several strong soft X-ray emission lines, chiefly from hydrogen-like and helium-like oxygen, nitrogen, neon, and carbon. Radiative recombination continua (RRC) from oxygen and carbon are also detected. Our analysis suggests that the emission data are consistent with photoionization. Using the Cloudy photoionization code, we found that, while a two-component, high column density model (1023 cm -2) with low covering factor proved adequate in reproducing all detected Lyman series lines, it proved insufficient in modeling the He-like triplets observed (neon, oxygen, and nitrogen). If resonance line data were ignored, the two-component model was sufficient to match flux from intercombination and forbidden lines. However, with the inclusion of resonance line data, He-like triplets could no longer be modeled with only two components. We found that observed oxygen G and R ratios in particular were anomalous in the parameter space investigated. We investigated, and were forced to dismiss, the possibility that a third, purely collisional component could be responsible for enhanced resonance line contributions. We succeeded in modeling the observed spectrum with the addition of a third, lower column density (1020.5 cm-2) component with nonzero microturbulence and high covering factor. While sufficient to reproduce observed soft X-ray flux, our model has certain shortcomings, particularly in a less-than-ideal visual fit to the line profile. Two of the three emission model components bear similarities to components determined by Kraemer et al. in their 2005 study of NGC 4151 absorption spectra.


The Mechanical machining processes such as machining, cutting and welding induce residual stresses in structural elements. Welding is considered one of the common causes of such residual stresses due to metal shrinkage effects. Mild steel T-sections are widely used in many structures such as (i.e. bridges, offshore platforms and marine vessels). Since, local heating during welding causes severe thermal gradients welding in the welded structure and the uneven cooling that follows produces residual stresses and distortion. The aim of this paper is predicting the presence of residual stresses using acoustic emission (AE) technique. Series of laboratory bending tests are carried out on four welded T-section beams. Four different welding sequences have been applied to generate different values of residual stresses. The raw AE signal was analyzed in time and frequency domains. The results showed promising indications that the AE could be used as a screening technique for monitoring residual stresses presented in the welded structures.


Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Libraries and the Universe of Information on Music * Overview * Roles for Successful Music Library Users * Types of Libraries and Selected Listings * Tips on Searching Library Catalogs * Bibliographic Style and Style Manuals * Using the Internet for Music Research * Some Basic Rules for Music Research on the Internet Chapter 2: Bibliographies of Music Literature * Overview A: Bibliographies of Bibliographies and Guides to the Literature About Music B: Bibliographies of Music Literature: Format-Specific Sources C: Bibliographies of Music Literature: Subject-Specific Sources D: Bibliographies of Music Literature: Indexes Chapter 3: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias * Overview and Chronological Survey of Music Dictionaries * Encyclopedic sources (Grove, MGG, Basso), Concise Dictionaries, Terminological Sources, Biographical Sources. * Special Subject Sources * Titles, AKAs, and Cross-References Chapter 4: Composers, Performers, and Composer-Performers: Selected Bibliographic and Dictionary Sources Chapter 5: Histories of Music and Related Subjects * Introduction * Historiography of Music and Landmark Music Histories * Musicology * Ethnomusicology * Popular Music Studies * Jazz Research * German Musicologists in Perspective * Teaching of Music History and Music History Textbooks * Specific Music Histories Published since 1990 * Source Readings * Oral History * Music Iconography * Organology * Chronologies and Calendars * Biographies Chapter 6: Periodicals, Periodical Indexes, and Databases * Introduction * Selected Music Periodical Titles * Music Periodical Indexes and Databases Chapter 7: Discographies * Introduction: Discographic Tools and the History of Recording * Specific Discographies * About Recordings: A Select Bibliography Chapter 8: From Manuscript to Printed Edition * Introduction * Manuscript Sources and RISM * Bibliographies of Early Music (Music Before 1800) * Music Printing and Publishing Music Printing and Publishing: Selected Bibliography Music Printing and Publishing: Selected Studies of Specific Printers/Publishers Chronology of Printing, Publishing, and Copyright: Landmarks * Types of Editions and the Process of Editing Types of Editions The Process of Editing Editing and Editions: A Selected Bibliography * Study of Manuscripts via Surrogates: Facsimiles, Microfilm, and Digital Copies * Copyright Copyright: A Selected Bibliography * Performing Rights Societies Chapter 9: Bibliographies of Music * Introduction * Bibliographies of Music and Indexes * Musical Settings of Poets and Writers * Regional Bibliographies and Other Specialized Tools * Resources for Locating Music Publishers Chapter 10: Composer Thematic Catalogs * Introduction * Composer Thematic Catalogs Chapter 11: Text Translations and Guides to Pronunciation * Introduction * Selected Sources Chapter 12: Resources for Careers in Music and other Miscellaneous Tools * Resources for Careers in Music and other Miscellaneous Tools * Directories * Funding Resources and Grants * Business and Legal Resources: A Selected List * Career Guides: A Selected List * Travel Guides and Gazetteers Glossary of German Terms Selected Glossary of Bibliographic Terms and Abbreviations Index


Report based on a synthesis of eight assessments of the implementation of the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children in Benin, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It considers common challenges to implementing the Guidelines identified in the eight countries and provides a platform for advocacy to promote every child's right to quality care. Key findings: There is a lack of formal child care provision and an increasing burden placed on informal care arrangements. Of the formal care provided, most was in residential care – often by unlicensed providers – that fails to meet individual child needs. The inconsistent quality and lack of government monitoring reveal high levels of risk around child protection. There is a lack of support to help families care for children, before any need for alternative care may arise. Many children currently in alternative care could be living with their parents, but prevention services are not supported by governments, are poorly coordinated, and reach only a small proportion of the population in need.


We examined how beaver dams affect key ecosystem processes, including pattern and process of sediment deposition, the composition and spatial pattern of vegetation, and nutrient loading and processing. We provide new evidence for the formation of heterogeneous beaver meadows on riverine system floodplains and terraces where dynamic flows are capable of breaching in‐channel beaver dams. Our data show a 1.7‐m high beaver dam triggered overbank flooding that drowned vegetation in areas deeply flooded, deposited nutrient‐rich sediment in a spatially heterogeneous pattern on the floodplain and terrace, and scoured soils in other areas. The site quickly de‐watered following the dam breach by high stream flows, protecting the deposited sediment from future re‐mobilization by overbank floods. Bare sediment either exposed by scouring or deposited by the beaver flood was quickly colonized by a spatially heterogeneous plant community, forming a beaver meadow. Many willow and some aspen seedlings established in the more heavily disturbed areas, suggesting the site may succeed to a willow carr plant community suitable for future beaver re‐occupation. We expand existing theory beyond the beaver pond to include terraces within valleys. This more fully explains how beavers can help drive the formation of alluvial valleys and their complex vegetation patterns as was first postulated by Ruedemann and Schoonmaker in 1938. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The global cooling during the past 60 m.y., leading to extensive ice-cap development in the Miocene, has been attributed to decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and continental shifts. The marked changes in vegetation during this period have been assumed to be a response to global cooling. The GENESIS global climate model is used to isolate the effect of these vegetation changes on climate. The Miocene to present vegetation changes resulted in a model globally averaged surface-temperature cooling of 1.9 °C suggesting that vegetation and vegetation-climate feedbacks could be a significant component of the cooling during the late Cenozoic.


Background:
Teenage pregnancy is a major health problem in South Africa. In Mount Ayliff hospital, Eastern Cape, teenage pregnancy accounts for about 15-20% of deliveries in maternity every month. Teenage pregnancy leads to disruption of education, unemployment, increased rate of STI/HIV infection, unsafe abortion, obstetrics complications and malnutrition amongst children. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of the known risk factors for teenage pregnancy.

Methodology:
This is a descriptive study. A sample of teenage learners was randomly selected from grade 10 to 12 learners in Mount Ayliff high school. Anonymous, self administered questionnaires containing relevant questions on contraceptive knowledge/use, family structure, sexual behaviour, alcohol use and sexual abuse were used to collect data.

Result:
A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed but only 219 completed questionnaires qualified for analysis. In total, 47% of the respondents have had sexual intercourse with the opposite sex and the mean age for first sexual intercourse is 16 years. 65.3% of the respondents have knowledge of contraceptives while 33.8% do not. Among those who have had sexual intercourse before, 68.9% did not use any contraceptive in their first intercourse. Of the sexually active respondents, only 16.3% reported using contraceptive consistently during intercourse. Majority of the respondents (45.2%), were raised up by a single mother and 76.3% do not discuss sex with their parents. The source of information about sex is mainly from friends and media. It was also found that most of the respondents live with parent(s) who are unemployed. A very small fraction of the respondents (7.3%) have been sexually abused and another 7.3% reported indulging in alcohol.

Conclusion:
Poor knowledge/use of birth control methods, family structure and sexual behaviour are the major risk factors for teenage pregnancy that are prevalent among teenage learners in Mount Ayliff community.


Exponential increases in material and energy use globally threaten Earth System stability in many ways including through climate change. Yet societies remain committed to economic growth, reflected in the way publicly traded corporations are legally obliged to maximise shareholders' profits. In contrast, businesses governed cooperatively by members, i.e. democratically and transparently, may be better suited to operating in an ecologically sustainable way, enacting their members' ethical commitments. Combining a complex adaptive systems approach with community economies theory, we argue that cooperatives offer a significant transformative opportunity to resocialise and repoliticise economies away from the growth imperative. Cooperative governance is consistent enough with currently dominant neoliberal governance (itself closely aligned with economic growth) to gain initial policy traction. Ultimately, we seek an overall shift to a stable-state economy – a global economy whose operation sustains rather than threatens the familiar (to humans and our civilisations) stable state of the Earth System.


In facial animation, the accurate shape and motion of the lips of virtual humans is of paramount importance, since subtle nuances in mouth expression strongly influence the interpretation of speech and the conveyed emotion. Unfortunately, passive photometric reconstruction of expressive lip motions, such as a kiss or rolling lips, is fundamentally hard even with multi-view methods in controlled studios. To alleviate this problem, we present a novel approach for fully automatic reconstruction of detailed and expressive lip shapes along with the dense geometry of the entire face, from just monocular RGB video. To this end, we learn the difference between inaccurate lip shapes found by a state-of-the-art monocular facial performance capture approach, and the true 3D lip shapes reconstructed using a high-quality multi-view system in combination with applied lip tattoos that are easy to track. A robust gradient domain regressor is trained to infer accurate lip shapes from coarse monocular reconstructions, with the additional help of automatically extracted inner and outer 2D lip contours. We quantitatively and qualitatively show that our monocular approach reconstructs higher quality lip shapes, even for complex shapes like a kiss or lip rolling, than previous monocular approaches. Furthermore, we compare the performance of person-specific and multi-person generic regression strategies and show that our approach generalizes to new individuals and general scenes, enabling high-fidelity reconstruction even from commodity video footage.


Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena has been fed to cattle by the Balinese community in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts on Sumbawa Island since the 1980s. However, prior to 2011, this practice was not adopted by the local Sumbawanese farmers. Since then, a model leucaena-based cattle fattening system was developed in Sumbawa and West Sumbawa districts in a collaborative research project between the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), University of Mataram and The University of Queensland (UQ) funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), followed by a scaling-out project involving collaboration between the University of Mataram and CSIRO (Applied Research and Innovation Systems in Agriculture - ARISA project) funded by DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) promoting public-private partnerships. Further promotion of leucaena-based fattening systems occurred in Dompu, Sumbawa, through a project with the University of Mataram and Massey University funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT). By the end of October 2018, more than 2,500 farmers on Sumbawa Island were practicing leucaena-based cattle fattening. The main drivers of adoption of cattle fattening with leucaena were: (1) The high growth rates achieved (0.4–0.6 kg/d for bulls fed 100% leucaena and 0.66 kg/d when maize grain was added to the leucaena basal diet) compared with 0.16 kg/d for the traditional system, combined with high profitability; (2) the needs of farmers being met in terms of relevance and cultural appropriateness; (3) field extension staff being well trained and mentored, and respected by the farmers; (4) the local government being highly supportive of leucaena-based cattle fattening; and (5) additional benefits being increased dressing percentage and high carcass quality. The rapid increase in the use of leucaena for cattle fattening in eastern Indonesia is expected to have a significant positive impact on household incomes as well as on regional economic growth.


The increased number of courses taught in an online environment has led to more teachers in need of professional development for online or blended teaching. Although various professional development programs have been scrutinised, only a few studies integrate the feelings of teachers during their professional development process. Teachers' feelings form an inherent part of their teacher-selves and are reflected in their everyday practice. Therefore, this study uses a hermeneutic phenomenological research method to examine the lived experiences – the feelings – of educational staff within a professional development program that targets online and blended teaching. The results indicate that teachers experience a large range of feelings and that these fluctuate throughout the program. These include positive feelings of connectivity, responsibility, and satisfaction, but also more negative feelings of chaos and frustration. The recognition and understanding of these feelings can illuminate particular aspects of professional development that are experienced more positively or negatively, which can guide further efforts for qualitative improvement.


Purposes of this study included the identification of physical activity (PA) levels, and the types of activity, as well as the determination of racial differences in these factors between African-American (AA) (n=626) and White (WH) (n=226) adolescent females. PA was measured using a one week recall. Approximately 1/2 of WH and 1/3 of AA female adolescents were sufficiently physically active (Blair, 1992) to produce health benefits. Less than twenty-five percent of study participants met a newly established guideline addressing moderate to vigorous PA (Sallis & Patrick, 1994). Younger adolescents were more active than older adolescents. Accounting for differences in age and socioeconomic status WH females were more active than AA females. African-American and WH females participated in similar types of activity. Walking was the most frequently cited mode of activity.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
An algorithm based on a 2 log(10) decline in hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA at week (W) 12 has been proposed in US and European recommendations for the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin.

METHODS
We examined rapid virological response (RVR; at W2 and W4 after the initiation of therapy) in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Using HCV RNA measurements (Versant HCV RNA 3.0, Cobas Amplicor HCV 2.0), RVR was studied in 323 patients from the ANRS HC02 RIBAVIC trial, comparing interferon alpha2b 3 MU x3/week with pegylated interferon alpha2b 1.5 microg/kg/week, each combined with ribavirin 800 mg/day over 48 weeks.

RESULTS
The best positive and negative predictive values of sustained virological response (SVR) were obtained with an undetectable HCV RNA at W4 (97%) and with more than a 2 log(10) decrease at W12 (99%), respectively. Prediction of non-SVR was obtained in all patients by using HCV RNA cut-off levels above 460,000 IU/ml at W4 and above 39,000 UI/ml at W12 irrespective of the HCV genotype and arm of treatment.

CONCLUSION
We propose a new algorithm based on RVR thresholds using HCV RNA that allows for excellent prediction of non-SVR as early as W4.


The role of morphological structure in word recognition raises issues about the nature and structure of the language system. One major issue is whether morphological factors provide an independent principle for lexical organization and processing, or whether morphological effects can be reduced to the joint contribution of form and meaning. The independence of form, meaning, and morphological structure can be directly investigated using derivationally complex words, because derived words can share form but need not share meaning (e.g., archer-arch). We used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to investigate priming between pairs of words that potentially shared a stem, where this link was either semantically transparent (e.g., bravely-brave) or opaque (e.g., archer-arch). These morphologically related pairs were contrasted with identity priming (e.g., mist-mist) and priming for pairs of words that shared only form (e.g., scandal-scan) or meaning (e.g., accuse-blame). Morphologically related words produced significantly reduced activation in left frontal regions, whether the pairs were semantically transparent or opaque. The effect was not found for any of the control conditions (identity, form, or meaning). Morphological effects were observed separately from processing form and meaning and we propose that they reflect segmentation of complex derived words, a process triggered by surface morphological structure of complex words.


Sustainable Design implies making decisions at various scales of the built environment (buildings, communities, land use patterns, urban support systems) in ways that support environmental quality, social equity, and economic vitality. The undergraduate minor in Sustainable Design is jointly offered by the Department of Architecture and the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning but also includes interdisciplinary courses across campus. The minor is open to all majors at UC Berkeley.


ABSTRACT This article investigates how strategic culture influenced the decision-making of Australia and Poland regarding the global coalition against the Islamic State. In the coalition, Australia has followed its tradition of active participation in United States-led operations, while Poland has embarked on a more cautious line, thereby breaking with its previous policy of active participation. The article examines how Australian and Polish responses to the coalition were shaped by five cultural elements: dominant threat perception, core task of the armed forces, strategic partners, experiences of participating in coalitions of the willing, and approach to the international legality of expeditionary operations. It finds that Australia and Poland differed on all five elements but that the major differences are found in dominant threat perception and core task of the armed forces.


Climate change will shape the political, economic, and cultural landscape as surely as it shapes the natural landscape. It challenges our existing political institutions, ethical theories, and ways of conceptualizing the human relationship to the environment, it defies current principles of distributive justice, transcends current discourses on rights, and disrupts our sense of place. Political Theory and Global Climate Change argues that the conceptual tools of political theory can help us understand the obstacles to fair and effective global climate change policies, and this volume offers a selection of innovative and integrative scholarly efforts to do so. Illuminating the variety of political, economic, and social problems caused by global warming, the book applies a range of theoretical approaches and methodologies--from analytic philosophy and constitutional and legal theory to neo-Marxism and critical theory--using climate change as a case to test standard normative and empirical premises. The book first looks at distributive justice concerns raised by climate change, including allocation of the global atmospheric commons and how to establish the basis for a fair and effective global climate policy regime, then examines the complex relationships between climate change and society, including the way that social institutions and practices construct, reinforce, aim to address, and are disrupted by climatic instability. Showing how political theory challenges and is challenged by global climate change, the book both demonstrates and evaluates innovative approaches in the developing field of environmental political theory. Contributors: Martin J. Adamian, John Barry, Peter F. Cannavo, Stephen Gardiner, George Gonzalez, Amy Lovecraft, Timothy W. Luke, Leigh Raymond, Steve Vanderheiden


This article explores the Aragonese Inquisition and its prosecution of homosexual sodomy in terms of the types of men tried and the attitudes of both local denouncers and inquisitorial magistrates, given the important separation of the judicial process into denunciation and trial. The diverging views regarding sexuality and deviance between Aragonese peoples and the judges manning the tribunals of Barcelona, Valencia, and Zaragoza meant that both groups differently assessed the types of people in need of control. In effect, the treatment of clergy, European foreigners, and Moriscos and Muslim slaves exemplifies both the cooperation and disagreements between judges and denouncers and ultimately showcases the systemic limits inherent in this process of social control.


Dependability represents a critical requirement for modern distributed systems. Today new requirements emerged. Among them reliability, safety, availability, security and maintainability are needed by more and more modern distributed service computing architectures. In this paper we present an approach to ensuring dependability in distributed infrastructures using virtualization for fault-tolerance, augmented with advanced security models. The proposed solution is part of a hierarchical architectural model that allows a unitary and aggregate approach to dependability requirements while preserving scalability of large scale distributed systems. In this context we propose dependability solutions based on the use of virtualization and modern security models, combined together to automatically protect services and applications belonging to the distributed system. We also present evaluation results for several scenarios, involving applications and services with different characteristics.


The aim of current study was to develop an efficacious topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA), for eventual use as a locally applied analgesic lotion. A series of lotions were prepared that incorporated 2% w/v DDA but a variable (1, 2, 3 or 4% v/v) concentration of oleic acid (permeation enhancer)-turpentine oil binary mixture (1:1 v/v). After measurements of each lotion's visual appearance, viscosity, spreadability, pH and long term stability, a diffusion cell method was employed to quantify DDA permeation from each lotion across both silicone membranes and rabbit skin. Subsequently, three distinct in vivo animal models were utilised to evaluate each lotion's induced anti-inflammatory, antinociception and irritancy effects. Lastly, a panel of human volunteers assessed the subjective sensory feel of each lotion as well as its potential for cutaneous irritancy following a brief application. Upon preparation, all four DDA-containing lotions (L1, L2, L3 and L4) appeared as clear, colourless, homogenous and aggregate-free solutions. All the lotions exhibited a pH of ~6.2 with non-significant (p > 0.05) differences between each formulation (data not shown). Increasing the formulation's oleic acid concentration yielded a general trend of mild enhancement of DDA transport across silicone membrane and dramatic improvements of DDA flux through rabbit skin. Application of each of the DDA-containing formulations significantly reduced tissue inflammation in the rabbit model. It was determined that the DDA lotion containing 4% v/v oleic acid exhibited the best performance overall and that this specific formulation should be the basis for further clinical investigation.


On 6 April 2011, Lord Neuberger, the Master of the Rolls, delivered the second Lord Alexander of Weedon Lecture. In it he revisited the awkward tension which exists between the "notion of supremacy of the democratically elected legislature and the rule of law". While the topic approached is one of controversy, the learned Master of the Rolls adopted a position which is essentially orthodox - namely that Parliament remains supreme despite membership of the European Union, the existence of the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg and the Human Rights Act, 1998 (HRA). To describe Lord Neuberger's position as orthodox is not intended to be a criticism. His suspicion of judicial supremacy is welcome and equally agreeable is his statement against judicial passivism. However, two problems emerge: firstly, the contention that Parliament remains supreme is difficult to sustain once it is subjected to anything beyond the most formal level of analysis; secondly, and more importantly, by returning to the orthodox Diceyean perspective he risks stifling potentially significant constitutional innovation contained within the HRA. This article will argue that the orthodox position advanced by Lord Neuberger needs to be set aside and a position equally respectful of the democratic legitimacy of Parliament, but more conscious of the role of the courts in contentious areas, should be adopted.


Objectives: To compare mortality and death or major morbidity (DOMM) among infants <25 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) born during two post-surfactant era time periods. Study design and patients: Comparative cohort study of very low birthweight (501–1500 g) infants <25 weeks EGA in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network born during two post-surfactant era time periods (group I, 1991–1994, n  =  1408; group II, 1995–1998, n  =  1348). Perinatal and neonatal factors were compared, and group related mortality and DOMM risk were evaluated. Results: Mortality was higher for group I (63.1% v 56.7%; p  =  0.0006). Antenatal steroids (ANS) and antenatal antibiotics (AABX), surfactant (p<0.0001), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p  =  0.0008) were more prevalent in group II. In a regression model that controlled for basic and delivery factors only, mortality risk was greater for group I than for group II (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 1.7); the addition of AABX and surfactant, or ANS (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.2) to the model appeared to account for this difference. There was no difference in DOMM (86.8% v 88.4%; p  =  0.2), but risk was lower for group I in regression models that included ANS (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.94). Conclusion: Survival to discharge was more likely during the more recent period because of group differences in ANS, AABX, and surfactant. However, this treatment shift may reflect an overall more aggressive management approach. More consistent application of treatment has led to improving survival of <25 week EGA infants during the post-surfactant era, but possibly at the cost of greater risk of major in-hospital morbidities.


Cysteine-rich (C1) domains, present in PKC isozymes, Chimaerins, RasGRPs, PKDs, Munc13s, DGKs, and MRCKs, can bind the diacylglycerol (DAG) second messenger. In the present thesis research, I demonstrated that p23/Tmp21 acts as a C1-domain docking protein that mediates perinuclear translocation of beta2-chimaerin. Glu227 and Leu248 in the beta2-chimaerin C1-domain are crucial for binding p23/Tmp21 and perinuclear targeting. Isolated C1-domains from individual PKC isozymes or RasGRP1 differentially interact with p23/Tmp21. PKCepsilon interacts with p23/Tmp21 specifically via its C1b domain, however this association is lost in response to phorbol esters. These results demonstrate that p23/Tmp21 acts as an anchor that distinctively modulates compartmentalization of C1-domain-containing proteins, and it plays an essential role in beta2-chimaerin re-localization to the perinuclear region in response to phorbol esters. It has been established that apoptosis induced by phorbol esters in LNCaP cells is primarily mediated by the novel PKCdelta. I demonstrated that depletion of p23/Tmp21 significantly potentiates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Remarkably, the effect was mediated by PKCdelta as revealed by the fact that PKCdelta RNAi depletion or PKC inhibitor GF 109203X can rescue the potentiating effect of p23/Tmp21 depletion. Immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated that PKCdelta and p23/Tmp21 formed a complex in LNCaP cells. Disruption of PKCdelta-p23/Tmp21 association by depletion of p23/Tmp21 accelerates PMA-induced PKCdelta plasma membrane translocation and the activation of its downstream effector ROCK and JNK. Moreover, I demonstrated that depletion of p23/Tmp21 potentiates doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis of LNCaP cells. This work provided the first evidence that p23/Tmp21 negatively regulates PKCdelta-mediated apoptosis in LNCaP cells in response to PMA and doxorubicin. In addition, I demonstrated that the PKC inhibitor GF 109203X significantly radiosensitizes PC3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Depletion of PKCepsilon but not PKCalpha and PKCdelta by shRNA, significantly radiosensitizes PC3 cells. Confocal images demonstrated that gammairradiation-induced PKCepsilon membrane translocation was impaired by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478, the PLCgamma1 inhibitor U73122, or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The results revealed a potential role for DAG and C1-domain containing protein in the control of ionizing irradiation induced cell death/survival and also suggested that inhibition of PKCepsilon may be a useful therapeutic approach to radiosensitize prostate cancer cells. Taken together, in this work I present several novel findings that highlight the relevance of C1-domain containing proteins in cancer. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Pharmacological Sciences This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/141 First Advisor Marcelo G. Kazanietz


In a randomised trial of the implementation of guidelines for asthma and angina, we sent questionnaires that included a request for consent to collect data from the patient's clinical records to 5069 patients in 81 general practices. Of these 3429 (67.6%) responded, of whom 335 (9.8% [95%, CI = 8.8%-10.8%]) refused consent. We conclude that consent should always be sought unless a research ethics committee has waived this requirement for pressing reasons.


The results of a thorough thermoelectric characterization, performed both in a vacuum chamber and at atmospheric pressure, of ultra-low-power hotplates based on suspended structures with different layouts are presented in this work and compared with thermoelectric 2D and thermal 3D finite elements simulations. Electrical and thermal properties of the thin films used in the devices have been also measured, involving appropriate on-chip test structures, and their values were employed in both 2D and 3D model. Temperature vs. heating power experimental curves showed the great influence of conduction through air on power consumption and an excellent agreement with the simulated results.


Objective. The relationships between characteristics of local public health agencies and their self-reported scores on partnership-related indicators of the Ten Essential Public Health Services were examined. Design. A retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data from the National Public Health Performance Standards Program (NPHPSP) and the 2005 Profile of Local Public Health Agencies from the National Association of City and County Health Organizations (NACCHO) was completed. Participants. Local public health systems that participated in both the NPHPSP and the NACCHO surveys. Main outcome measures. Partnership-related elements from the NPHPSP data set were used as dependent variables, whereas combined focused elements from the NPHPSP and the NACCHO surveys served as independent variables. Results. Local public health agencies' increase in partnerships over the preceding 3 years and involvement in a community health improvement process were significantly related to numerous partnership performance scores—more so than other agency characteristics. Involvement in the Mobilizing Action through Planning and Partnerships process was inversely related to some partnership performance scores. Conclusions. Future research must continue to identify and explore additional community- and agency-level predictors of partnership performance.


This paper argues that supporters and detractors of the concurring opinions in United States v. Jones have overemphasized the role of the "mosaic" or "aggregation" theory in the concurrences. This has led to a misreading of those opinions, an overly narrow view of the Justices' privacy concerns, and has obscured two limiting principles that are vital to their analysis. This paper provides a path forward by revealing the analysis of reasonable expectation of privacy concerns that is common to both concurrences. The endpoint is a rule both more limited and broader than a simple application of a "mosaic theory." It is more limited in the sense that the rule applies only to surveillance using technology that operates outside of individual human control and is thus susceptible to overuse and abuse. It is broader in the sense that it finds surveillance intrusive not just where the technology will collect a mosaic of information that reveals more than each one tile of information itself, but where the technology will chill expression of constitutionally protected behavior, behavior that can take place "in public," with other people, but is shared with a limited group.


This study focuses on the factors influencing consumer's decision in fish consumption in Erzurum Province of Turkey. The data were obtained from 384 households who live in urban areas of Erzurum Province in 2012. The sample size of the study was determined by Unclustered Proportional Sampling Method. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the most suitable type of fish for households. The main aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence the type of fish chosen and the most desired type of fish for consumers. The households consist of 4.5 individuals on average, with fish consumption at 6.5 kg per annum per capita. Their choice of fish was based on taste (38.4%), nutrition (23.5%), price (21.4%) and fishbone (16.7%).. Considering these criteria, the most desired type of fish for the consumers was Anchovy. 28.4% of households prefer Anchovy, 20.3% prefer Trout, 16.7% prefer Sea Bream, 12.5% prefer Horse Mackerel (Scad), 11.2% prefer Sea Bass and 10.9% prefer Atlantic Bonito. As a result, the national companies marketing fish in the research area need advertisements that inform the consumers about the utility and benefıts of all fish types.


Monitoring and evaluation of advocacy for development is an emerging field. Many CSOs, donors and evaluators are now involved with advocacy. Questions of how to understand and assess programmes are urgent. This e-book seeks to contribute to practical capacity on this front on the basis of lessons learned during the largest evaluation of advocacy for development in history.


Despite increased scholarly attention, there is still limited knowledge on how empathy works in democratic deliberation. This article examines the role of empathy in citizen deliberation with the help of a deliberative experiment on immigration. First, a random sample of citizens was surveyed regarding their opinions on immigration. Based on their opinions, they were then divided into a permissive or a non-permissive enclave, and randomly assigned into like-minded or mixed-opinion groups for deliberation. After deliberation, they were surveyed anew. The study analyzes: (a) empathy differences between permissive and non-permissive participants; (b) changes in outgroup empathy toward immigrants as a result of deliberation; and (c) differences in prosocial behavior (i.e., donating to charity). The results show that the permissive respondents had more empathy, especially toward immigrants, than the non-permissive respondents. Among participants, outgroup empathy increased during deliberation. Regarding prosocial behavior, the permissive participants donated more often to charity at the end of the experiment.


We studied coupled systems of the Fokker--Planck equation and the Navier--Stokes equation modeling the Hookean and the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE)-type polymeric flows. We proved the continuous embedding and compact embedding theorems in weighted spaces that naturally arise from related entropy estimates. These embedding estimates are shown to be sharp. For the Hookean polymeric system with a center-of-mass diffusion and a superlinear spring potential, we proved the existence of a global weak solution. Moreover, we were able to tackle the FENE model with $L^2$ initial data for the polymer density instead of the $L^\infty$ counterpart in the literature.


Since 2004, risk in the context of nanotechnologies has been criticized as being too abstract and an all-inclusive category. Moreover, the concept of risk is not precise enough to describe the potential issues related to the development of nanotechnologies. Instead, experts on technological development emphasize risk communication. In the field of nanotechnologies, this term was redefined in February 2005 in relation to the question of societal acceptance of nanotechnologies. Risk communication is about gaining stakeholder acceptance of policy decisions, whilst the public and stakeholders are encouraged to participate actively in the communication process through public consultations or hearings. Thus, on the one hand, the category of risk has been pragmatically nuanced to better highlight the vulnerability of the communication of nanotechnologies. On the other hand, this vulnerable communication is not the result of a deficit of information. It is based on the idea of participation, where vulnerability hinges on the social groups specialized in the design, application and diffusion of nanotechnologies within society. How is such participation possible, and what does it entail? We develop this question in the framework of a comparative survey of experts in the development of nanotechnologies in Grenoble (France) and Hamburg (Germany).


Background This paper examines socioeconomic inequalities in mental health at school entry and explores changes in these inequalities over the first 3 years of school. Methods The study utilises routinely collected mental health data from education records and demographic data at ages 4 and 7 years, along with administrative school-level data. The study was set in preschool establishments and schools in Glasgow City, Scotland. Data were available on 4011 children (59.4%)at age 4 years, and 3166 of these children were followed at age 7 years (46.9% of the population). The main outcome measure was the teacher-rated Goodman's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (4–16 version) at age 7 years, which measures social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. Results Children living in the most deprived area had higher levels of mental health difficulties at age 4 years, compared with their most affluent counterparts (7.3%vs4.1% with abnormal range scores). There was a more than threefold widening of this disparity over time, so that by the age of 7 years, children from the most deprived area quintile had rates of difficulties 3.5 times higher than their more affluent peers. Children's demographic backgrounds strongly predicted their age 7 scores, although schools appeared to make a significant contribution to mental health trajectories. Conclusions Additional support to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds at preschool and in early primary school may help narrow inequalities. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds started school with a higher prevalence of mental health difficulties, compared with their more advantaged peers, and this disparity widened markedly over the first 3 years of school.


Nisyros Island, Greece, is a stratovolcano known for its intense hydrothermal activity. On June 2013, during a multidisciplinary field campaign, soil samples were collected in the caldera area to determinate the main mineralogical assemblages and to investigate the distribution of trace element concentrations and the possible relationship to the contribution of fluids of deep origin. Soil samples were analysed with XRD and for the chemical composition of their leachable (deionized water) and pseudo total (microwave digestion) fraction both for major and trace elements. The results allow to divide the samples in 2 groups: Lakki Plain and Stefanos Crater. The latter, where a fumarolic area is located, shows a mineralogical assemblage dominated by phases typical of hydrothermal alteration. Their very low pH values (1.9 – 3.4) show the strong impact of fumarolic gases which are probably also the cause of strong enrichments in these soils of highly volatile elements like S, As, Se, Bi, Sb, Tl and Te.


Aboulafia provides an extensive review of the occurrence of and treatments for bone marrow disorders that complicate HIV infection and AIDS. Understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders is increasing, and the availability of recombinant colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) has, in many ways, facilitated the treatment of HIV-1 infection and its complications. Nonetheless, numerous critical questions remain regarding the optimal use of these expensive and powerful reagents.


Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an established technique to hide the access pattern to an untrusted storage system. With ORAM, a curious adversary cannot tell what data address the user is accessing when observing the bits moving between the user and the storage system. All existing ORAM schemes achieve obliviousness by adding redundancy to the storage system, i.e., each access is turned into multiple random accesses. Such redundancy incurs a large performance overhead. Though traditional data prefetching techniques successfully hide memory latency in DRAM based systems, it turns out that they do not work well for ORAM. In this paper, we exploit ORAM locality by taking advantage of the ORAM internal structures. Though it might seem apparent that obliviousness and locality are two contradictory concepts, we challenge this intuition by exploiting data locality in ORAM without sacrificing provable security. In particular, we propose an ORAM prefetching technique called dynamic super block scheme and comprehensively explore its design space. The dynamic super block scheme detects data locality in the program's working set at runtime, and exploits the locality in a data-independent way. Our simulation results show that with dynamic super block scheme, ORAM performance without super blocks can be significantly improved. After adding timing protection to ORAM, the average performance gain is 25.5% (up to 49.4%) over the baseline ORAM and 16.6% (up to 30.1%) over the best ORAM prefetching technique proposed previously.


We conducted field studies over three years to assess body burdens and maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as indices of sexual dimorphism in snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) of the upper Hudson River (NY, USA.) We collected adult turtles in areas known to be contaminated with PCBs and in nearby reference areas for measurement of body size, precloacal length, and penis size. We analyzed PCB concentrations in eggs collected over three years and in whole blood from adults in one year. Total PCB concentrations (mean ± standard error) in eggs were 2,800 ± 520 and 59 ± 5 ng/g wet weight in the contaminated area and the reference area, respectively. Eggs from the contaminated area were significantly enriched in tri‐, penta‐, and hepta‐PCBs relative to the reference area. Blood from adults in the contaminated area averaged 475 ± 200 and 125 ± 34 ng/g wet weight for males and females, respectively. In the reference area, blood PCB concentrations were 7 ± 3 and 4 ± 1 ng/g wet weight for males and females, respectively. Significant positive relationships were found between carapace length and blood PCB concentration for both sexes in the contaminated area; however, only a marginal relationship was found between female carapace length and concentration of PCBs in their eggs. Our results suggest that PCB contamination of the upper Hudson River presents risks of establishing high body burdens and of maternal transfer of PCBs to eggs, although our measures of gross morphology revealed no discernable expression of abnormal sexual development or reproduction.


Objective: This literature review aims to explore the risk factors, preventive measures and treatment options for people with rabies especially in Pakistan. Introduction: It is suggested that nearly 2,000 to 5,000 deaths been reported annually due to rabies, in Pakistan. It is estimated that above 30,000 people die each year because of rabies in Asia. One Asian expires every 15 minutes where 15% are probable to be the children under 15 years. Methods: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was undertaken by using various electronic research databases. Studies were eligible for this review if they were published in last twenty years in english language and focused on epidemiology, risk factors, consequences, prevention and treatment of rabies especially in Pakistan. Results: Rabies is a prevalent disease and there are so many barriers especially in Pakistan which led this issue to persist. Lack of awareness and improper vaccination of dogs are the major leading issues which are increasing the number of patients affected by rabies day by day. Conclusion: Results suggest that rabies is one of the common diseases in Asia and the root cause of which is lack of awareness and stray dogs especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Since this overlooked illness can lead to serious complications, the issue should be addressed to promote public health.


In this note, after a brief historical excursus, we describe the revolution in cryptography of the 70es, due to the introduction of public key cryptography and the RSA algorithm. We also consider some contemporary applications of this algorithm. Modern cryptography has indeed become a commodity technology, which is currently used for applications ranging from e–commerce to digital television.


Abstract:Individuals possessing minority status(es) often struggle with the issue of authenticity, asking, Am I good enough? Am I an expert? Am I a fraud? Here, we explore how this process of minimizing one's contribution to social change is manifest in what we refer to as the feminist impostor phenomenon. This project began as a bio-ethnographic sketch of the authors' feminist mentor, stalwart feminist activist and self-proclaimed "Detroit Snob," seeking to detail the triumphs and pitfalls of frontline feminism in Detroit, Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s. We adopted a narrative-reflexive analytic framework and conducted a series of narrative interviews in July 2014. Our initial goal was to draw on these interviews in order to explore the complex social constructions of community, focusing specifically on the relationship between being both a Detroit activist and a feminist activist. However, in the process of analyzing the qualitatively coded data and member checking our findings, we identified two additional insights, thus expanding our original inquiry. In addition to interrogating the complexity of frontline feminism in Detroit, we explicate the concept of feminist impostor phenomenon and further problematize the issues embedded within the telling of narrative lives.


Queering the Public Sphere in Mexico and Brazil is a groundbreaking comparative analysis of the historical development and contemporary dynamics of LGBT activism in Latin America's two largest democracies. Rafael de la Dehesa focuses on the ways that LGBT activists have engaged with the state, particularly in alliance with political parties and through government health agencies in the wake of the AIDS crisis. He examines this engagement against the backdrop of the broader political transitions to democracy, the neoliberal transformation of state-civil society relations, and the gradual consolidation of sexual rights at the international level. His comparison highlights similarities between sexual rights movements in Mexico and Brazil, including a convergence on legislative priorities such as antidiscrimination laws and the legal recognition of same-sex couples. At the same time, de la Dehesa points to notable differences in the tactics deployed by activists and the coalitions brought to bear on the state. De la Dehesa studied the archives of activists, social-movement organizations, political parties, religious institutions, legislatures, and state agencies, and he interviewed hundreds of individuals, not only LGBT activists, but also feminists, AIDS and human-rights activists, party militants, journalists, academics, and state officials. He marshals his prodigious research to reveal the interplay between evolving representative institutions and LGBT activists' entry into the political public sphere in Latin America, offering a critical analysis of the possibilities opened by emerging democratic arrangements, as well as their limitations. At the same time, exploring activists' engagement with the international arena, he offers new insights into the diffusion and expression of transnational norms inscribing sexual rights within a broader project of liberal modernity. Queering the Public Sphere in Mexico and Brazil is a landmark examination of LGBT political mobilization.


The recommendations for clinical research standards published in 2000 by a task force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board (MSAB) of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) were largely successful in introducing greater uniformity in the recording and reporting of MG clinical trials. Recognizing that changes in clinical trial design and implementation may increase the likelihood that new therapies are developed for MG, the MGFA MSAB Task Force here presents updated recommendations for the design and implementation of clinical trials in MG, including (a) the use of a quantitative measure, such as the MG‐Composite, that is weighted for clinical significance and incorporates patient reported outcomes; (b) consideration of nontrial strategies; and (c) development of biomarkers that support mechanistic studies of pharmacotherapies. The hope is that these updated task force recommendations will expedite the development and acceptance of more effective and less noxious therapies for MG. Muscle Nerve 45: 909–917, 2012


This paper will consider the implications of the Australian Government's recent national security and antiterrorism legislation for its relations with Australian citizens and with third sector organisations, like those comprising the community legal sector, that seek to promote and defend citizens' civil, political and social rights. The series of bills enacted by the Australian Parliament since September 11 2001, the culmination of which has been the Anti-Terrorism (No. 2) 2005 Bill, removes many of the freedoms and rights that Australians have for many years been able to take for granted. The 2005 Bill's detention and control orders, for example, degrade the importance of the role of formal trials and the production of credible evidence by the prosecution in the administration of justice in Australia. It also includes a newly-defined crime of sedition that empowers the Australian Government and the national security authorities to invoke the sedition provisions when they merely suspect a person of seditious intent to use or threaten the use of force. The 2005 Bill, and the many other national security and anti-terrorism acts, has placed a great burden of responsibility on third sector organisations which seek through their activities to enhance the inclusiveness and cohesiveness of the Australian community. They will increasingly be called upon, particularly by 'suspect' groups and individuals, to ameliorate the harmful social and psychological effects of intimidation, victimisation and persecution perpetrated by the authorities in the name of protecting Australia's national security. At the same time, these organisations will have to deal with a society turned against itself in which differences of language, ethnicity and religion have become a frontier separating the included and protected from the excluded and feared. This paper will consider the impact of these trends and developments on third sector organisations committed to fostering a more tolerant, inclusive and cohesive Australian society. It will focus in particular on the likely implications of the national security legislation for the community legal sector. The sector is characterised by its commitment to the objective of improving access to justice and ensuring equality before the law for all Australian citizens and residents. It thus plays an important but largely unheralded role in protecting Australia's genuine national security from the potentially corrosive effects of the Government's national security and anti-terrorism legislation. Disciplines Business Publication Details This paper was originally published as: Rix, M, The Australian National Security State and the Third Sector: Who is Really Protecting Australia's National Security?, 23rd Australasian Law and Society Conference, University of Wollongong, December 13-15, 2006. Conference information available here. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/gsbpapers/2 The Australian National Security State and the Third Sector: Who is Really Protecting Australia's National Security? Dr Mark Rix Graduate School of Business University of Wollongong WOLLONGONG NSW AUSTRALIA This paper will consider the implications of the Australian Government's recent national security and antiterrorism legislation for its relations with Australian citizens and with third sector organisations, like those comprising the community legal sector, that seek to promote and defend citizens' civil, political and social rights. The series of bills enacted by the Australian Parliament since September 11 2001, the culmination of which has been the Anti-Terrorism (No. 2) 2005 Bill, removes many of the freedoms and rights that Australians have for many years been able to take for granted. The 2005 Bill's detention and control orders, for example, degrade the importance of the role of formal trials and the production of credible evidence by the prosecution in the administration of justice in Australia. It also includes a newly-defined crime of sedition that empowers the Australian Government and the national security authorities to invoke the sedition provisions when they merely suspect a person of seditious intent to use or threaten the use of force. The 2005 Bill, and the many other national security and anti-terrorism acts, has placed a great burden of responsibility on third sector organisations which seek through their activities to enhance the inclusiveness and cohesiveness of the Australian community. They will increasingly be called upon, particularly by 'suspect' groups and individuals, to ameliorate the harmful social and psychological effects of intimidation, victimisation and persecution perpetrated by the authorities in the name of protecting Australia's national security. At the same time, these organisations will have to deal with a society turned against itself in which differences of language, ethnicity and religion have become a frontier separating the included and protected from the excluded and feared. This paper will consider the impact of these trends and developments on third sector organisations committed to fostering a more tolerant, inclusive and cohesive Australian society. It will focus in particular on the likely implications of the national security legislation for the community legal sector. The sector is characterised by its commitment to the objective of improving access to justice and ensuring equality before the law for all Australian citizens and residents. It thus plays an important but largely unheralded role in protecting Australia's genuine national security from the potentially corrosive effects of the Government's national security and anti-terrorism


The spread of the increasingly popular Korean cultural products worldwide at the turn of the millennium is commonly referred to as Hallyu, or the Korean Wave. Literature on Hallyu is often written from the Korean perspective, focusing on its success in neighboring Asian countries, and the USA. The experiences and perspectives of cultural outsiders are largely absent from this corpus. Inspired by this perceived gap, my paper begins with my chosen methodology, autoethnography: the study of the self in the context of culture, with a focus on individual experiences and personal accounts. After a brief introduction to Hallyu and what made it resonate with me on a personal level, I discuss how I first became aware of the problematic issue of Korean halal food and how this problem was expounded when I came to study in Korea. Finally, I refer to a few efforts on the side of Korea, discussing their effectivity in the face of this problem, and outline the implications of the food problematic.