The Lewis Ponds carbonate and volcanic-hosted Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au-rich massive sulfide deposits
are located near the western margin of the Hill End Trough, in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of
New South Wales. Two stratabound massive sulfide zones, Main and Toms occur in a tightly
folded Late Silurian marine succession of volcaniclastic sandstone, polymictic breccia,
limestone-clast breccia, siltstone and mudstone. They have a combined indicated resource of
5.7 Mt, grading 3.5% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.19% Cu, 97 g/t Ag and 1.9 g/t Au. Main zone occurs
within a thick unit of poorly-sorted mixed provenance breccia, limestone-clast breccia and
pebbly-granular sandstone, whereas Toms zone is hosted by siltstone. The sedimentary rocks
unconformably overlie a thick succession of quartz-plagioclase phyric dacite and strongly
foliated, chlorite-sericite-altered dacite.
Variably recrystallised fossiliferous limestone occurs throughout the Lewis Ponds host sequence
in thick, tabular units of poorly-sorted breccia and fault-bound lenses of megabreccia.
Limestone clasts vary in size from small pebbles to 90 m boulders. The mixed provenance
breccia, limestone-clast breccia and sandstone were deposited in a moderately deep water,
below wave-base slope environment, around the margins of a high-level intrusive dacite centre.
Detrital volcanic and sedimentary components were derived from multiple source areas within
the basin and in the adjacent hinterland. The massive sulfide lenses occur along the eastern limb of a regional-scale D I anticline. The
adjacent syncline has been partly truncated by a 200-250 m wide, NNW-trending high strain
zone termed the Lewis Ponds fault. Syn-tectonic quartz ± sulfide veins and steeply dipping,
anastomosing shear zones surround the Toms massive sulfide lens. The variably folded and
boudinaged quartz veins resulted from periodic brittle shear failure and extension during and
after the D I deformation. Pinch-and-swell structures, boudins, catalcastic breccia and kink folds
occur in the massive sulfide. Main zone, located west of the fault is significantly less deformed
than Toms zone. However, reversals in stratigraphic facing and vergence indicate that tight
parasitic folds occur in the Main zone host sequence. Mineralisation at Lewis Ponds probably
pre-dated shearing along the Lewis Ponds fault.
An asymmetric, semiconformable Mg-Fe-Ca-Ba-rich hydrothermal alteration envelope
surrounds the massive sulfide lenses. Mg-chlorite occurs at the top the footwall volcanic
succession south of Main zone and grades outwards into a weak pervasive sericite-quartz ±
Fe-Mg-chlorite assemblage. The compositions of recrystallised phyllosilicates vary
systematically with whole rock geochemistry, alteration intensity and proximity to the Toms
massive sulfide lens. Hydrothermal alteration of dacite in the Toms zone footwall involved MgO, Fe203, K2 0 and Ba enrichment and Na2O, CaO and Sr depletion. The addition or
removal of Si02 contributed to net gains of 0-75 g/100g in dacite C and net losses of
0-50 g/100g in dacite A, except where MgO and Fe 203 gains offset the loss of Si02. In contrast,
weak sericite-chlorite-calcite alteration of coherent dacite in the Main zone footwall led to net
losses of 10-40 g/100g.
Conformable, texturally destructive alteration assemblages associated with the two mineralised
zones include dolomite-chlorite-talc, chlorite-pyrite, quartz-dolomite-chlorite and quartz-sericite ±
hyalophane. Dolomite, Mg-chlorite, talc, phlogopite, calcite, quartz and sulfides have
overprinted the clasts and matrix in the breccia and sandstone units in Main zone. Relict crinoid
fossils are preserved in even the most intensely altered rocks, where dolomite, chlorite and talc
have replaced the original calcite. Irregular honeycomb vuggy and botryoidal sulfide-dolomite
textures in the breccia and sandstone units indicate dissolution and precipitation of dolomite
during mineralisation.
Dolomite associated with the massive sulfide lenses is characterised by low [delta to the power 18]vsmow
(6 to 16%o) and [delta to the power I3Cvpdb (-II to 0%o) values relative to the regional fossiliferous limestone. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that the dolomite precipitated from a low temperature (166-232°C for 1 000 m water depth), weakly saline (1.4 to 7.7 eqiv wt % NaCl) fluid, possibly depleted in [omicron] and C isotopes ([delta to the power 18 omicron] = -2.5 to 0.3%o, [delta to the power 13]C = -14 to -4%o). The dolomite probably formed during diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration, by fluid-rock interactions between evolved seawater at 150-250°C and the limestone-bearing host sediment, and/or mixing between evolved seawater at 350°C and a seawater-dominant pore fluid at 100°C.
The massive sulfide lenses consist of pyrite, sphalerite and galena, with subordinate tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, stannite, pyrargyrite and electrum. Paragenetically early framboidal, dendritic, reticulate, botryoidal and spongy Fe-sulfide aggregates and bladed pyrrhotite pseudomorphs of sulfate occur throughout the breccia and sandstone beds that host Main zone, but are rarely preserved in the coarse grained, annealed massive sulfide in
Toms zone. Pre-tectonic carbonate-chalcopyrite-pyrite veins in the footwall volcanic succession, immediately south of Toms zone may represent a stringer zone displaced from the Toms massive sulfide lens. The stringer veins also contain native bismuth, sphalerite and Se-Bi-Ag-rich galena.
Sulfur isotope values in the massive sulfide ([delta to the power 34]S = 1.7-5.0%0) and footwall stringer veins (6345= 3.9-7.4%0), indicate that the hydrothermal fluid contained a homogenous mixture of magmatic S, derived from the host volcanics rocks and reduced seawater sulfate. The lower average [delta to the power 34]34S values in the massive sulfide lenses may have resulted from a component of partially reduced seawater sulfate or biogenic S, leached out of the host sediment.
Textural, geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the Main zone massive sulfide lenses formed by lateral fluid flow and sub-sea floor replacement of the poorly-sorted, carbonate-bearing breccia and sandstone beds. Low temperature dolomitisation of the carbonate-bearing sediment during diagenesis created secondary pore spaces and provided a reactive host for fluid-rock interactions. Base metal sulfides, chlorite, dolomite, calcite, quartz and talc filled pore spaces throughout the carbonate-altered breccia and sandstone units. Toms zone probably formed in fine-grained sediment at or near the sea floor, above a zone of focused up-flowing hydrothermal fluids.
Pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite and electrum precipitated from a relatively low temperature 150-250°C, reduced hydrothermal fluid. Paragenetically early dendritic, reticulate and spongy Fe-sulfide aggregates in the Main zone host sequence formed by rapid mixing between the hydrothermal fluid and cooler pore fluids in the matrix of the breccia and sandstone. Base metal sulfide deposition in Main zone probably resulted from fluid mixing, dissolution of dolomite and increased fluid pH. Galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite overprinted the primitive Fe-sulfide textures. As the hydrothermal system intensified, a high temperature >280°C, strongly reduced fluid carrying Sn, Cu, Se and Bi was sourced from deep within the footwall volcanic succession. Carbonate-chalcopyrite-pyrite stringer veins and dolomite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-stannite veins formed in the Footwall Copper zone and Toms zone Central lens respectively. Chalcopyrite partly replaced the Zn-Pb-rich massive sulfide in Main zone.
During the DI deformation, fracture-controlled fluids remobilised sulfides into syn-tectonic, quartz and carbonate veins within the Lewis Ponds fault zone and adjacent footwall volcanic succession, resulting in extensive Cu, Au and Zn anomalies. Massive sulfide remobilisation may have occurred over tens to hundreds of metres. Talc, quartz-sericite, chlorite and Fe-Mg-Mn-carbonate assemblages overprinted the dolomite, chlorite and sericite-altered rocks in the Toms zone host sequence.
Lewis Ponds is an unusual stratabound, carbonate and volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit. The intimate spatial association between fossiliferous limestone, hydrothermal carbonate and base metal sulfides at Lewis Ponds provides a basis for new exploration targets in Siluro-Devonian marine successions elsewhere in New South Wales.


The essay is dealing with the development of a special form of education in the Northern-Balaton region of Hungary. There are some kinds of tourism products and education techniques that are characterized by the area of Balaton-Uplands Nature Reserve. The mentioned region became one of the most attractive destinations from the aspect of recreational ways and cultural sites. First of all, the geological and geomorphological shapes and sites in addition to other cultural factors introduce the visitor into the scientifically examination. The investigated factors of the proposed paprer are extended and include site typology, complex research of tourism supply and demand, integration into the school program, tourism management inquests among others. I used primary and secondary sources in methodology such as online mapping, measurement and locating geosites through GPS coordinates, audio-and photo recording, academic literature analyzing. Balaton Uplands has a uniqueness in the tourism market, and in this lecture, I try to illustrate them partially through the best practices. In the case of this study, it provides some information about strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of these regions and shows other touristic potentials of the rural and urban areas. However, it is necessary to interpret the comprehensive relations between the core product (geotour) and the related facilities. The researched aspect in question is how strong is the relation to natural values, sports facilities, cultural heritage, and gastronomy. From another perspective, it is also considerable, how could we integrate efficiently the educational techniques into the school programs?


British Comics is a unique cultural history of British comic papers and magazines, from their origins in the late nineteenth century to the present day. It shows how comics were transformed in the early twentieth century from adult amusement to imaginative reading matter for children, and relates the rise of the major comic publishers and the emergence of the mighty duopoly of Amalgamated Press and D.C.Thomson that would dominate the industry for half a century. Beginning with the first British comic 'superstar', Ally Sloper - 'A Selection, Side-splitting, Sentimental, and Serious, for the Benefit of Old Boys, Young Boys, Odd Boys generally and even Girls' - whose various misadventures reflected the emergence of a middle-class leisure economy in the late nineteenth century, British Comics goes on to describe the heyday of comics in the 1950s and '60s, when titles such as School Friend and Eagle sold a million copies a week, and analyses the major genres including schoolgirl fantasies, sport and war stories for boys. The author charts the development of a new breed of violent comics in the 1970s, including the controversial Action and 2000AD, and also considers the attempt of an American comic publisher, Marvel, to launch a new hero for the British market in the form of Captain Britain. He goes on to document the appearance in the 1980s and '90s of adult-oriented comics such as Warrior, Crisis, Deadline and Revolver and alternative comics such as Viz, and concludes by considering the work of important contemporary comic writers including Alan Moore, Grant Morrison, Ian Edginton, Warren Ellis and Garth Ennis. British Comics explains what children and adults thought of their comics and why some titles prospered while others failed, and also maps the changing structure of the comic publishing industry and how comic publishers, writers and artists have responded to the tastes of their consumers. Ultimately, the book argues that British comics are a distinctive kind of publishing that is different from (and certainly not inferior to) American, French and Japanese comics. An invaluable reference for comics collectors and fans world-wide, British Comics is a fascinating and thorough history that showcases the major role that comics have played in the imaginative lives of British juveniles - and some adults.


This article concerns the written vows made at the Shingon Buddhist temple Kōyasan 高野山 in the early medieval period (1185–1392). The temple complex at Kōyasan is situated in the mountainous interior of modern Wakayama prefecture, Japan, which in the pre-modern era corresponded to the province of Kii 紀伊. In the early medieval period, Kōyasan was developing a system of local rule centred on control of private estates ( shōen 荘園) in the area surrounding the temple. This was an era of decentralization, in which national authority and systems of rule were losing their potency in the face of rising localization and the increasingly central role of the warrior class. With warriors taking an ever greater share of estate revenue and assuming greater administrative control within shōen , estate proprietors such as Kōyasan were faced with diminishing income, leading to centrally-located temples and aristocratic families effectively losing all control over distant estates. Located in the mountains of Kii and overlooking the estates along the Ki river, Kōyasan by contrast was close to its land and was strongly involved in warrior society.  A major facet of this relationship with warrior estate managers was the kishōmon 起請文, or written vow, signed at the temple as both a performative act of submission to its spiritual authority and as a contract and code of conduct between proprietor and estate manager ( shōkan 荘官).


Exposure to estrogens is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Our laboratory has shown that the ACI rat is uniquely susceptible to 17beta-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary cancer. We previously mapped two loci, Emca1 and Emca2 (estrogen-induced mammary cancer), that act independently to determine susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer in crosses between the susceptible ACI rat strain and the genetically related, but resistant, Copenhagen (COP) rat strain. In this study, we evaluate susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer in a cross between the ACI strain and the unrelated Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. Whereas nearly 100% of the ACI rats developed mammary cancer when treated continuously with E2, BN rats did not develop palpable mammary cancer during the 196-day course of E2 treatment. Susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer segregated as a dominant or incompletely dominant trait in a cross between BN females and ACI males. In a population of 251 female (BN x ACI)F(2) rats, we observed evidence for a total of five genetic determinants of susceptibility. Two loci, Emca4 and Emca5, were identified when mammary cancer status at sacrifice was evaluated as the phenotype, and three additional loci, Emca6, Emca7, and Emca8, were identified when mammary cancer number was evaluated as the phenotype. A total of three genetic interactions were identified. These data indicate that susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer in the BN x ACI cross behaves as a complex trait controlled by at least five loci and multiple gene-gene interactions.


The increasing complexity of construction, along with its rapid development, as well as ambiguities and gaps in the legal terms governing constructions, lack of trust in the parties regarding obligations and regulations are the main reasons of disagreements in domestic projects. These disagreements are inevitable even in contracts which are set correctly. Disagreements are costly, time-consuming and inconvenient. They also affect the price and quality of contracts. In most projects using different delivery systems, entities particularly contractors may make claims. Moreover, claims and disagreements are inevitable in DesignBid projects, particularly in Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B) contracts, which are not commonly used in Iran. The focus of this study is the reasons for claims made in projects delivered by Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B) contracts. This study also observes claims related to consulting engineer of the owner. Accordingly, different criteria and sub-criteria are determined to prioritize by decision-making models.


The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is the leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Pacific (north of 20°N). Its South Pacific counterpart (south of 20°S) is the South Pacific decadal oscillation (SPDO). The effects of tropical eastern Pacific (TEP) SST forcing and internal atmospheric variability are investigated for both the PDO and SPDO using a 10-member ensemble tropical Pacific pacemaker experiment. Each member is forced by the historical radiative forcing and observed SST anomalies in the TEP region. Outside the TEP region, the ocean and atmosphere are fully coupled and freely evolve. The TEP-forced PDO (54% variance) and SPDO (46% variance) are correlated in time and exhibit a symmetric structure about the equator, driven by the Pacific–North American (PNA) and Pacific–South American teleconnections, respectively. The internal PDO resembles the TEP-forced component but is related to internal Aleutian low (AL) variability associated with the Northern Hemisphere annular mode and PNA pattern. The internal variability is locally enhanced by barotropic energy conversion in the westerly jet exit region around the Aleutians. By contrast, barotropic energy conversion is weak associated with the internal SPDO, resulting in weak geographical preference of sea level pressure variability. Therefore, the internal SPDO differs from the TEP-forced component, featuring SST anomalies along ~60°S in association with the Southern Hemisphere annular mode. The limitations on isolating the internal component from observations are discussed. Specifically, internal PDO variability appears to contribute significantly to the North Pacific regime shift in the 1940s.


Many models for stereo disparity computation have been proposed, but few can be said to be truly biological. There is also a rich literature devoted to physiological studies of stereopsis. Cells sensitive to binocular disparity have been found in the visual cortex, but it is not clear whether these cells could be used to compute disparity maps from stereograms. Here we propose a model for biological stereo vision based on known receptive field profiles of binocular cells in the visual cortex and provide the first demonstration that these cells could effectively solve random dot stereograms. Our model also allows a natural integration of stereo vision and motion detection. This may help explain the existence of units tuned to both disparity and motion in the visual cortex.


Public financial management (PFM) has played an important role in Singapore's remarkable economic success since its independence. This paper analyzes select characteristics of Singapore's PFM strategy and prospects for their continuation. An underlying theme has been ensuring that PFM is consistent with and enables Singapore's location-based growth strategy. Other characteristics include conducting economic activities outside the conventional government budget giving rise to a much larger role for the public sector than reflected in the budget; extensive use of non-conventional sources of revenue such as from the lease of land, creating property and usage rights to generate tax-like revenue; and limited social risk pooling in financing national spending on healthcare and pensions. As Singapore's business-location-based strategy reaches its limits, and an affluent and ageing population aspires for greater economic and social security, transparency, and effective participation in public policies, current PFM practices will need to undergo significant changes towards a more citizen-centric governance focus. Policymakers' response will not be constrained by lack of fiscal resources, or by institutional and organizational capacities.


The fluids associated with eclogite-facies metabasites and metapelites of the Usagaran belt in Tanzania, which are relies of a former oceanic crust subducted 2 Ga ago (Moller et al., 1995), were investigated using fluid inclusions. Geothermobarometry on both metabasites and metapelites indicates an eclogite-facies metamorphism at pressures of at least 15 kbar and temperatures of 750-800 degreesC. Near-isothermal uplift brought the rocks to lower crustal levels (7-10 kbar) before cooling and further uplift. Correlation of the P-V-T-X data for texturally primary fluid inclusions with the petrologically deduced P-T path indicates a re-equilibration of the fluid inclusions during isothermal decompression. CO2- and CO2-N-2-rich fluid inclusions dominate in quartz as well as in garnet, kyanite and pyroxene, and their occurrence in armoured quartz enclosed in garnet and kyanite indicates the presence of CO2 and N-2 in the eclogite-facies fluid. The presence of some water in the original fluid is deduced from relic H2O-NaCI+/-Ca/MgCl2 inclusions associated with primary CO2 inclusions in the metapelite, suggesting the coexistence of immiscible aqueous and carbonic fluids. In metabasite, relic H2O-N-2+/-NaCl fluid inclusions occur side by side with the dominant CO2+/-N-2 inclusions. Ca/Mg-carbonate daughter minerals, enclosed or attached to primary CO2, CO2-N-2 and H2O-N-2 fluid inclusions, point to the presence of dissolved Ca and Mg components in the original H2O-CO2+/-N-2 fluid. The primary carbonic fluid inclusions, which re-equilibrated under granulite-facies conditions, and secondary fluid inclusions of similar density and composition trapped at this stage, are preserved, because later cooling and decompression followed a near-isochoric P-T path.


Using the framework of Processability Theory (PT), this chapter examines the development of the Hindi case system in the interlanguage of Dutch-speaking foreign language learners. A number of studies have already adopted the PT framework to describe, predict and explain the development of case marking systems in different languages (e.g., German, Russian and Serbian). These studies demonstrated that PT was a suitable framework for predicting and explaining case development. Because German, Russian and Serbian are accusative languages, the question arises whether PT as a conceptual framework is also applicable to the foreign language acquisition of a language with ergative features such as Hindi. The present chapter therefore addresses case development in L2 Hindi, thereby testing the claim that PT possesses universal applicability. Spontaneous oral production data were collected from 11 foreign language learners of Hindi. In accordance with PT, the study results indicate that three stages of development occur; in particular, learners begin with no feature unification, transition through direct mapping, and eventually attain feature unification.


TIMELESS HEALING THE POWER A life-changing work from the bestselling author of "The Relaxation Response" Herbert Benson, M.D. explores the true intersection and connections between objective sciences and the mystifying power of the human spirit. He tells how affirming beliefs, particularly belief in a higher power, makes a critical contribution to our physical health. In essence, Dr. Benson's messages is that our bodies are "wired for God." A Harvard physician, Dr. Benson documents that when people call upon faith, they activate neurologic pathways for self-healing, and he shows how you, along with a caring physician or healer, can tap into your reservoir of "remembered wellness" to affect and cure 60 to 90 percent of medical complaints. Dr. Benson does not dismiss modern health care. Instead, he proposes practical ways in which patients and the medical community can make faith an integral part of it. Along "Timeless Healing" 's journey of intellectual enlightenment, Dr. Benson creates a wonderful web of personal anecdotes, scientific research, social commentary, and spiritual wisdom that outlines a life-transforming and society-changing blueprint for healing.


Characterization of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) purified from wild-type mice and from a mouse strain carrying an epitope-tagged version of the GluR2 subunit shows that AMPARs interact with only a subset of proteins previously thought to associate with the receptors, report Fukata et al. (page 399).

Changes in the number of AMPARs alter how well synapses conduct currents in the brain and are thought to control memory storage. A large number of proteins have been found to associate with AMPARs by in vitro assays, such as two-hybrid screens or coexpression in cell lines, but evidence for functional interaction is limited.

When Fukata et al. purified AMPAR components from brain extracts of transgenic mice expressing the epitope-tagged GluR2, only BiP, a common ER chaperone, and transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) came down in a quantitative manner. Because BiP and TARPs were in distinct AMPAR complexes, the researchers hypothesized that BiP–GluR2 may be an immature transitory complex.

Why didn't the other known AMPAR proteins come down? The authors think that only a few of the previously identified proteins associate with the majority of AMPARs in brain cells. The other proteins might interact with the receptors in a small subset of cells or under specific conditions. And the new work is consistent with emerging genetic data showing that, when these other proteins are removed, there are limited effects as compared with the phenotype of the stargazer mouse, a TARP mutant that lacks functional AMPARs in a common neural cell type in the brain.


While the typical Japanese male politician glides through his district in air-conditioned taxis, the typical female voter trundles along the side streets on a simple bicycle. In this first ethnographic study of the politics of the average female citizen in Japan, Robin LeBlanc argues that this taxi-bicycle contrast reaches deeply into Japanese society. To study the relationship between gender and liberal democratic citizenship, LeBlanc conducted extensive ethnographic fieldwork in suburban Tokyo among housewives, volunteer groups, consumer cooperative movements, and the members of a committee to reelect a female Diet member who used her own housewife status as the key to victory. LeBlanc argues that contrary to popular perception, Japanese housewives are ultimately not without a political world. Full of new and stimulating material, engagingly written, and deft in its weaving of theoretical perspectives with field research, this study will not only open up new dialogues between gender theory and broader social science concerns but also provide a superb introduction to politics in Japan as a whole.


The central focus of this thesis is to rediscover Julius Streicher and to determine whether his actions merited the same punishment as other persons executed for war crimes. Sources used include Nuremberg Trial documents and testimony, memoirs of Nazi leaders, and other Nazi materials. The thesis includes seven chapters, which cover Streicher's life, especially the prewar decades, his years out of power, and his trial at Nuremberg. The conclusion reached is that Streicher did have some influence on the German people with his anti-Semitic newspaper Der Sturmer, but it is difficult to ascertain whether his speeches and writings contributed directly to the extermination of the Jews in World War II or simply reflected and magnified the anti-Semitism of his culture.


Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) is a transilient move in the field of mobile communications. Such a revolution is necessitated by the unceasing increase in demand for high speed connections on networks, low latency and delay, low error rates and resilience because modern users and network applications have become increasingly dependent on these requirements for efficient functionality and performance. Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) promises high peak data rates for both uplink and downlink transmission, spectral efficiency, low delay and latency, low bit error rates, to mention but a few. These functional and performance targets of 3GPP LTE are laudable and can be met with a great measure of certainty, but then a vital question emerges: What are the prime drivers or enablers for these technology standard requirements to be met? LTE leverages on a number of technologies namely Multi Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) at the downlink, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SCFDMA) at the uplink, support for Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM), and 64QAM. This thesis work evaluates the performance of LTE downlink with MIMO techniques. MIMO technology involves the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter, receiver or both. There are different combinations of array configuration and polarization, transmission and detection schemes that can be implemented to achieve different purposes in functional and performance terms. In terms of array configuration and polarization, there exists single polarized array and cross polarized array (which could be compact or detached); transmission schemes include diversity schemes particularly transmit diversity and spatial multiplexing; detection schemes such as Zero Forcing (ZF) and Soft Sphere Decoding (SSD). The performance metrics considered are throughput and BER and these are used to evaluate the performance of LTE in flat-fading and International Telecommunications Union B (ITU-B) Pedestrian channel with zero forcing and soft sphere decoding for Single Input Single Output (SISO), transmit diversity and spatial multiplexing. The granular analysis and evaluation of the performance 3GPP LTE is imperative and this thesis implements this on the downlink side. A thorough analysis and performance evaluation of the LTE downlink with MIMO antennas is thus the focal point and the results demonstrate that the design goals and requirements of 3GPP LTE can be met with a great deal of reliability and certainty. The simulations show that the performance of MIMO is better than SISO in both channel models particularly when SSD is employed. When high order modulation is utilized, performance in the flat-fading channel model is better than ITU pedestrian B channel at low SNR regions. Spatial multiplexing is ideal for achieving very high peak rates, while transmit diversity is a valuable scheme to minimize the rate of bit error occurrence thereby improving signal quality.


DNA and RNA sequencing is increasingly applied in clinical trials to find new therapeutic leads for children with incurable cancers. However, compared to similar studies in adults, these trials have yielded fewer new treatment options, because pediatric and adult malignancies are distinct biologically, and far less data are available on the genomics of pediatric tumors. Initiatives such as the National Cancer Institute9s (NCI) Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) project, and the Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomics International Consortium (MAGIC) have generated large cohorts through collaboration, however they are limited to specific diseases. In addition, there is no mechanism to integrate these data with genomic data collected in prospective precision medicine trials. The failure to share data has meant that available genomic information is not being utilized to its full potential, resulting in missed therapeutic opportunities. The UC Santa Cruz Treehouse Childhood Cancer Project integrates genomic data generated by pediatric research studies, such as TARGET, MAGIC, the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, and the Childhood Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium with genomic data generated by clinical trials. Treehouse also makes it possible to compare these data with large adult datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and Stand Up to Cancer (SU2C). Together, these datasets provide access to the genomic information from over 15,000 individual tumors that can be used as context for real-time data interpretation from individual patients in clinical genomics trials. This work presents a case report that illustrates how integrating multiple pediatric and adult gene expression datasets with similar data collected from patients in a prospective clinical trial can provide new clinical leads for children with difficult-to-treat cancers. The data are integrated and analyzed using TumorMap, an unsupervised clustering and visualization approach that has been shown to reveal new clinical insights into adult cancers as part of the TCGA Pan-Cancer effort. The expression of individual genes and their relationship with phenotypic features in the combined cohort can be visualized using the UCSC Xena Bowser. New clinical leads can be recommended for individual patients based on the similarity of their molecular profiles to those of other cancers with available treatment options, as shown in the TumorMap. We propose to extend our case study to a framework of how genomic datasets collected from adult and pediatric patients in research and clinical settings can be used to inform the care of pediatric patients prospectively. This framework will provide new hope for children with difficult to treat cancers so that no therapeutic option is overlooked in the fight to save their lives. Citation Format: Olena Morozova, Yulia Newton, Melissa Cline, Stephen Yip, Arjun Rao, Josh Stuart, Ted Goldstein, Sofie Salama, Rebecca Deyell, S. Rod Rassekh, David Haussler. Harnessing the power of big data to advance pediatric cancer care. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR14.


Female offenders are the fastest growing population in the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to determine the month or months that most female juvenile offenses occur in Harris County (the largest county in the State of Texas), identify the average age of the offender, investigate the possibility of a relationship between ethnicity and referrals for offense of females identified in this population, evaluate the rate of increase/decrease of female juvenile referrals to the Harris County Juvenile Probation Department annually and over an 11-year period. The researchers obtained system information (offense date, age, date of birth and race) for 18,790 female juvenile offenders that were referred to the Harris County Juvenile Probation Department (HCJPD) from 1993-2004. The results indicated that during the 11-year time frame, the profile of juvenile offender became older (average age being 10 in 1993 and 14.5 by 2004) and more likely to be a minority (Latina or African American). Also, the month in which female juvenile offenders were most frequently referred to HCJD was December, followed by March and April. An evaluation of female juveniles referred between 1993 – 2004 to HCJPD compared to the Harris County female juvenile population showed a disproportionate representation of African American females entering the juvenile justice system for the first time. Finally, there was a significant increase in referrals seen from 1999 (878 referrals) to 2000 (3,408 referrals). Factors that may have contributed to these findings included: sexual, emotional, and physical abuse; mental illness, societal trends′, and juvenile laws and regulations.


Saul Bellow is one of the twentieth century's most influential, respected, and honored writers. His novels The Adventures of Augie March, Herzog, and Mr. Sammler's Planet won the National Book Award, and Humboldt's Gift was awarded the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In addition, his plays garnered popular and critical acclaim, and some were produced on Broadway. Known for his insights into life in a post-Holocaust world, Bellow's explorations of modernity, Jewish identity, and the relationship between art and society have resonated with his readers, but because his writing is not overtly political, his politics have largely been ignored. A Political Companion to Saul Bellow examines the author's novels, essays, short stories, and letters in order to illuminate his evolution from liberal to neoconservative. It investigates Bellow's exploration of the United States as a democratic system, the religious and ideological influences on his work, and his views on race relations, religious identity, and multiculturalism in the academy. Featuring a fascinating conclusion that draws from interviews with Bellow's sons, this accessible companion is an excellent resource for understanding the political thought of one of America's most acclaimed writers.


Bladder cancer is an increasingly common malignancy, and muscle invasive bladder cancer is associated with particularly high rates of morbidity and mortality. The morphologic and molecular diversity of bladder cancer poses significant challenges in elucidating the invasion mechanisms responsible for disease progression. Furthermore, conventional invasion assays do not provide a physiological context for studying bladder cancer invasion within 3D microenvironments and have limited ability to capture the contribution of cellular phenotypic heterogeneity to disease progression. Here, we describe the development of a 3D microtumor invasion model suitable for the analysis of cellular phenotypic heterogeneity in cell lines and primary tumor cells from bladder cancer patients. This model incorporates a self-assembly approach for recapitulating features of bladder cancer invasion in 3D microenvironments and probing the invasive cell subpopulations. The gene expression profiles of invading microtumors were analyzed by incorporating a gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid biosensor. The incorporation of the single cell biosensor and transient gene knockdown into the system revealed the formation of invasive leader cells with upregulated Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) expression as well as the role of NOTCH1-DLL4 signaling in collective bladder cancer invasion. The involvement of DLL4 expressing cells in bladder cancer invasion was also observed in patient samples obtained from transurethral resection. Collectively, our study demonstrates a 3D microtumor invasion model for investigating intracellular heterogeneity of bladder cancer invasion and analyzing patient derived samples toward personalized medicine applications.


Analogue models are commonly used to gain insights into large-scale volcano-tectonic processes. Documenting model surface topography and the three-dimensional (3D) aspect of deformation structures remains the greatest challenge in understanding the simulated processes. Here we present the results of volcano analogue models imaged with an X-ray computerized micro-tomography (μCT) system developed at the Ghent University Centre for Tomography (UGCT). Experiments simulate volcano deformation due to gravitational loading over a ductile layer, a process affecting many natural volcanoes built over a sedimentary substratum. Results show that μCT is able to provide a 3D reconstruction of the model topography with unprecedented resolution. Virtual cross sections through reconstructed models enable us to map the main structures at depth and to document the deformation of the brittle-ductile interface due to contrasting X-ray attenuation. Results for lateral spreading and vertical sagging into thin and thick ductile layers, respectively, are illustrated for circular cones and elongated ridges. Results highlight structural patterns not seen in previous models, such as: 1) the 3D form of a polygonal brecciated zone at the center of spreading cones; 2) the complete lack of such a zone in sagging cones; and 3) relay structures between graben-bounding faults in spreading cones. In addition, detailed imaging of tension gashes and of the flexure surface below sagging cones enables the 3D strain distribution to be explored. Experiments with non-cohesive and low cohesion granular materials present striking differences in surface topography and fault characteristics. Despite limitations associated with the scan duration, μCT reconstruction of analogue models appears a powerful tool for better understanding the complex 3D deformation associated with volcano-tectonic processes.


Pirates are among the most heavily romanticized and fabled characters in history. From Bluebeard to Captain Hook, they have been the subject of countless movies, books, children's tales, even a world-famous amusement park ride. In Sodomy and the Pirate Tradition, historian B. R. Burg investigates the social and sexual world of these sea rovers, a tightly bound brotherhood of men engaged in almost constant warfare. What, he asks, did these men, often on the high seas for years at a time, do for sexual fulfillment? Buccaneer sexuality differed widely from that of other all- male institutions such as prisons, for it existed not within a regimented structure of rule, regulations, and oppressive supervision, but instead operated in a society in which widespread toleration of homosexuality was the norm and conditions encouraged its practice. In his new introduction, Burg discusses the initial response to the book when it was published in 1983 and how our perspectives on all-male societies have since changed.


Injecting artificial noise into gradient descent (GD) is commonly employed to improve the performance of machine learning models. Usually, uncorrelated noise is used in such perturbed gradient descent (PGD) methods. It is, however, not known if this is optimal or whether other types of noise could provide better generalization performance. In this paper, we zoom in on the problem of correlating the perturbations of consecutive PGD steps. We consider a variety of objective functions for which we find that GD with anticorrelated perturbations ("Anti-PGD") generalizes significantly better than GD and standard (uncorrelated) PGD. To support these experimental findings, we also derive a theoretical analysis that demonstrates that Anti-PGD moves to wider minima, while GD and PGD remain stuck in suboptimal regions or even diverge. This new connection between anticorrelated noise and generalization opens the field to novel ways to exploit noise for training machine learning models.


Natural forest resource in our country suffers from destruction, which intensifies water and soil loss, enlarges desertification and decreases biodiversity. Thus, the ecological environment deteriorates and the sustainable development of social economy was seriously restricted. Natural forest has unique effect on climate adjustment, natural disaster defense, land ecological security, etc. In order to solve problem of water and soil conservation and protection of natural forest, this paper analyzed the effect of undergrowth coverage on soil and water and soil conservation and studied the limitation of carrying capacity of land on woods. Those provided moderate tree control proportion for ecological restoration, make the ground flora have sufficient illumination and nutrient for growth, and thus better developed the function of water and soil conservation. Then it analyzed the cultivating technology of Chinese larch, which provides theoretical support for the cultivation of ecological Chinese larch garden.


While scholars have critically examined the discourse that 'hacking' and 'making' are empowering practices of individualized technological production and innovation, these stories have largely retained American cultural assumptions. Drawing from fieldwork in Bangladesh, Taiwan, Vietnam, Paraguay, and China, we discuss making and hacking via alternate sociocultural histories, visions, and aspirations. We do this through the lens of 'making do': using the materials and competencies on hand to create objects or processes that aid in everyday life, with creativity and innovation countering precarity and marginalization. We intend to decenter the idea of a unified hacker/maker movement, the idea that this movement presents sites of individualized empowerment and selfrealization, and the implicit placing of both within dominant American values. We show that making and hacking can instead express more ambivalent projects, ranging from assertion of local needs and values to situated forms of coping with the depredations and displacements of a neoliberal world.


As a thought experiment, this article conjoins the approaches of two theorists with very different worldviews, Mikhail Bakhtin and Gérard Genette, in the hope of generating a model for a "postclassical chronotope" within the framework of a situated narratology. Our exploration begins with a juxtaposition of Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway (1925), confined to one day but structured through the characters' movements in space, with Amor Towles's A Gentleman in Moscow (2016), restricted to a single location but encompassing thirty-two years of time. To enrich the historical and ideological dimensions of the time-space relations, we extend our experiment to three other English-language novels that span two centuries: Jane Austen's Persuasion (1818), Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), and Mohsin Hamid's Exit West (2017). Although the authors' choice of novels was almost arbitrary, the insights the exploration has yielded suggest that the "postclassical chronotope" warrants further research.


Death is a universal event. It will happen to all of us, yet how we respond to death is particular and influenced by our cultural worlds. This study offers an investigation of the idiographic, of how one woman responded to, and made arrangements to, mourn and bury her mother. Specifically, we explore how she and her whanau (family) under pressure of time and grief and in the absence of clear final wishes met to consider issues and make decisions about the situation they were confronted with. This case forms part of a much larger programme of research into Maori death rituals, change and adaption. Informing a scholarly audience unfamiliar with the Maori world requires a significant amount of contextual information. The case study is a powerful strategy to achieve this and one that draws readers into deep understanding (Willig, 2008). This case provides insight into the struggles of an indigenous fourth-world people living within the heterogeneity of Aotearoa/New Zealand society; it demonstrates how values change across generations as people live their lives increasingly away from their ancestral homelands and how traditionally defined roles and responsibilities within the whanau (family) are challenged by members living away from each other. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We compare two recent variational-analytic approaches to second-order conditions and sensitivity analysis for nonsmooth optimization. We describe a broad setting where computing the generalized Hessian of Mordukhovich is easy. In this setting, the idea of tilt stability introduced by Poliquin and Rockafellar is equivalent to a classical smooth second-order condition.


Regularization methods were combined with line-of-sight tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure nonuniform temperature and concentration distributions along the laser path when a priori information of the temperature distribution tendency is available. Relying on measurements of 12 absorption transitions of water vapor from 1300 to 1350 nm, the nonuniform temperature and concentration distributions were retrieved by making the use of nonlinear and linear regularization methods, respectively. To examine the effectiveness of regularization methods, a simulated annealing algorithm for nonlinear regularization was implemented to reconstruct the temperature distribution, while three linear regularization methods, namely truncated singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization, and a revised Tikhonov regularization method, were implemented to retrieve the concentration distribution. The results show that regularization methods not only can be used to retrieve temperature and concentration distributions closer to the original but also are less sensitive to measurement noise. When no sufficient optical access is available for TDLAS tomography, the methods proposed in the paper can be used to obtain more details of the combustion field with higher accuracy and robustness, which are expected to play a more important role in combustion diagnosis.


Even though Namibia was never under direct British rule, it has been a country with English as the de jure official language since 1990, the year of independence from South Africa. Surprisingly, the de facto role of English in Namibia has to date not been systematically and comprehensively investigated within the framework of World Englishes. This is a gap the present paper seeks to address. To this end, part one of our study provides insights drawn from a questionnaire-based inquiry into language use in the different domains of private and public life, questions of linguistic and cultural identity, as well as attitudes towards the different languages spoken in Namibia. Part two tentatively identifies some linguistic features on various linguistic levels as potential candidates for structural nativisation. Taken together, the overall results suggest an ongoing change of the status of English spoken in Namibia from English as a foreign language (EFL) to English as a second language (ESL).


About the Authors. Preface (John L. Mikesell and Daniel R. Mullins). Chapter 1. Alligators in the Swamp: developments in Local Budgeting and Finance (Daniel R. Mullins and Michael A. Pagano). Chapter 2. The State of State Budget Research (Irene Rubin). Chapter 3. Congressional Budgeting At Age 30: Is It Worth Saving (Roy T. Meyers and Philip G. Joyce). Chapter 4. Public Financing in Developing and Transition Countries (Roy Gahl and Sally Wallace). Chapter 5. United States Revenue Policy: Stability Within the Rhetoric of Reform (John L. Mikesell). Chapter 6. The Evolution of the State and Local Government Municipal Debt Market Over the Past Quarter Century (W. Bartley Hildreth and C. Kurt Zorn). Chapter 7. The Discourse of Governmental Accounting and Auditing (Jean Harris)


Objective: This study was conducted to examine effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on reducing depression and anxiety levels as well as improved quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran.

Method: In this research, 30 members with generalized anxiety disorder were selected from individuals who had inclusion criteria then assigned to two experimental and control groups in Tehran by 2017. To collect data, respondents filled in the questionnaire of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), quality of life questionnaire (PWI-A) (Personal Wellbeing Index) and Beck's depression inventory (BDI) within two pretest and posttest steps. Research data were analyzed using Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, independent and dependent t tests.

Findings: Results indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction could decrease anxiety and depression symptoms in patients and improved quality of life of patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction could affect anxiety and depression levels as well as improvement of quality of life among women with generalized anxiety disorder.


Diana Greene. Reinventing Romantic Poetry: Russian Women Poets of the MidNineteenth Century. Madison, Wl: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. xi, 306 pp. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $29.95, paper.Where are the women poets in the canon of Russian Romanticism? They were certainly writing and some of them publishing. A few, like Evdokiia Rostopchina and Karolina Pavlova, have been reinstated, but their works and lives are more likely to be found in anthologies or histories of Russian women's literature. What led to their virtual disappearance from the nineteenth-century canon is the subject of Diana Greene's multifaceted Reinventing Russian Poetry: Russian Women Poets of the Mid-Nineteenth Century.Greene's interest is not limited to what excluded these women poets-she studies the works of fourteen born between 1799 and 1824-but what a gender-neutral canon might look like. For it is a gender-specific notion of canon that she sees behind the exclusion of these poets and, indeed, behind the notion of Romantic poetry itself. Thus her title: these women poets "had to transform male-defined traditions, genres, and themes in order to be able to address women's experiences or even Io represent themselves as poets" (p. 4).Greene begins by investigating ways in which Romantic poetry was a male-defined exercise. Referring to a definition of Welleck's, she underscores the gender-specificity of his three underlying elements common to all national Romantic poetry. She writes: "Men poets... personified imagination as a female muse, often depicting her as a sexual partner. ... Nature-troped as silent, feminine, mother. Other-served as an object of interpretation or assimilation by the man poet. The third element, a poetic style for which symbol and myth are central, meant in the case of several influential Romantic poets androcentric or even misogynist myths" (pp. 4-5).Other considerations Greene advances are also international: the "domestic ideology" that saw a woman's place in the home; weaker educational opportunities for women than for men; physical identities that kept them tied to home and child-bearing and -raising; different experiences that led to different aesthetics and artistic concerns. All these Greene finds her Russian women poets had in common with their English and American counterparts. It is part of the richness of Greene's study that she refers to colleagues in other national literatures and theorists of canon and reception."Social Concerns" is the title Greene gives to her first chapter, in which she investigates the "literary social capital" that women poets had so much less of than the canonical poets. The woman poets, even the wealthy, were economically tied to their husbands, if married; and marriage was often the only way not to remain dependent on relatives. Divorce was impossible under abusive situations; separation could mean poverty. Family life revolved around the home and children, leaving little time for writing. Moreover, poetry had come to be seen as a male prerogative by the 1840s. "Now women writers were depicted [in the Russian periodic press] not only as ludicrously incompetent but also as destroyers of their families, murderers of their children, women 'asking' to be raped, unattractive bores, or sexual objects..." (p. 25). One way women poets could accommodate these prejudices was found in the attitude of the "poetess" (evolving in England between 1790 and 1830 and soon migrating to Russia), where the cultural definition of women poets gradually shifted to incorporate the idea of "women's sphere." Respectability was guaranteed if the poetess stuck to nurturing and left the prophetic visions to the men. "In effect," Greene summarizes, "women poets had to choose between being women and being poets" (p. 27).The response to this dilemma was two-fold. Poets like Evdokiia Rostopchina might conform to this notion, depicting women as targets of mockery, or, like lulliia Zhadovskaia and Praskov'ia Bakunina, appealed to women (not men) to repent of their worldliness. …


This study considers the impact of two examples of the Working without Walls (WwW) design initiative in the public sector. The Working without Walls (WwW) (2003) and updated Working beyond Walls (WbW) (2008) papers describe the government's initiatives in workspace redesign. These aim to encourage employee participation, relationship enhancement and improve communication, as well as to reflect organisational strategy and build team identities. These aims resonate with the public sector modernisation reforms aimed to create effective, responsive and accountable services.

At the same time an increasingly common approach across sectors has been the adoption of learning organisation principles as a method of creating a culture of interactive behaviour, innovation and knowledge creation.

Many public sector agencies are developing strategies to empower employees and create a culture of shared learning and decision making, moving away from the traditional functional and bureaucratic management styles.

Within this emergent policy context, this thesis investigates the extent to which the WwW model has facilitated learning through workplace redesign. The study investigates literature from public sector management, organisation theory, learning organisation and workplace design disciplines in order to guide the investigation.

Two case studies of organisations who piloted the WwW approach were investigated. The case studies highlight individuals' experience of working in these new working environments, whilst also reflecting the enablers and barriers that research participants have faced.

Analysis demonstrates that the critical success factors for facilitating learning through workplace redesign include the removal of many features of bureaucratic organisation and implementation of detailed cultural change programmes. The study has enabled the development of a change strategy which is designed to guide other public sector organisations implementing workplace redesign initiatives as a facilitator of innovation.


We performed an epigenome wide association studies (EWAS) meta-analysis of wellbeing, where individual differences in CpG site methylation in whole blood are associated with individual differences in well-being. We control for two well-known confounders of epigenetic associations, smoking and BMI. However, we are aware of the effect that potential unmeasured confounders could have on our results as well as uncertain of the direction of causation of the association between well-being and CpG methylation. To guard against unmeasured confounding and to infer a direction of effect we perform Mendelian Randomization, specifically we perform summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR). We perform SMR in which the (cis) QTL effect of SNPs on methylation (cis-mQTL), and a large GWAS of wellbeing are combined to infer the (causal) effect of CpG methylation on well-being. We perform SMR leveraging cismQTLs discovered in both blood and brain tissues and compared results between tissues, and between SMR and EWAS. We found a high consistency of direction of effect (r > .9) between SMR results where the QTL is discovered in different whole blood datasets as well as high consistency between whole blood and fetal brain datasets (r = .72). However, when comparing the direction of effect between our EWAS and SMR results, no notable correlations were observed. Our results indicate that if the aim is to increase our understanding of the functional consequences of epigenetic changes on wellbeing, SMR may be preferred over EWAS in whole blood. If, however, the aim is to identify ways in which well-being Is itself a driver of environmental influences on differences in DNA methylation, possibly effecting gene-expression, a sufficient powered EWAS study will provide valuable information. The concurrent use of Mendelian Randomization and epigenome-wide association analysis proved to be a potent combination to further increase our understanding of the relation between well-being and CpG methylation.


This article calls into question how much `learning' from humanitarian catastrophes has actually taken place in the last decade - if `learning' entails fundamental changes in the ways that international responses are mounted. Eight lessons are offered for authors doing both scholarly and policy research. Three relate to the causal impact of humanitarian values (recognizing importance of ideas; distinguishing first- and second-order principles; avoiding political correctness). And five concern specific pleas for clarification in analyses (avoiding `international community'; distinguishing the roles of IGOs; rejecting best-case scenarios; moving beyond paralysis by analysis; taking care about extrapolation from today's headlines). Too much attention is paid to the differences among scholars, policy analysts, and journalists; and too little to the common ground that they occupy. Modesty is a good point of departure for the post-post-Cold War era.


In this book, the prominent theorist Partha Chatterjee looks at the creative and powerful results of the nationalist imagination in Asia and Africa that are posited not on identity but on difference with the nationalism propagated by the West. Arguing that scholars have been mistaken in equating political nationalism with nationalism as such, he shows how anticolonialist nationalists produced their own domain of sovereignty within colonial society well before beginning their political battle with the imperial power. These nationalists divided their culture into material and spiritual domains, and staked an early claim to the spiritual sphere, represented by religion, caste, women and the family, and peasants. Chatterjee shows how middle- class elites first imagined the nation into being in this spiritual dimension and then readied it for political contest, all the while "normalizing" the aspirations of the various marginal groups that typify the spiritual sphere.While Chatterjee's specific examples are drawn from Indian sources, with a copious use of Bengali language materials, the book is a contribution to the general theoretical discussion on nationalism and the modern state. Examining the paradoxes involved with creating first a uniquely non- Western nation in the spiritual sphere and then a universalist nation-state in the material sphere, the author finds that the search for a postcolonial modernity is necessarily linked with past struggles against modernity.


In this article we use evidence from the Scottish Election Study 2007 to build an explanation for the narrow SNP victory in the Holyrood election. The theoretical focus is on valence models of voting, which are increasingly important in Scotland following dealignment and ideological convergence in the party system, and as Scottish governments flex their executive muscle. Exploring the valence battleground reveals mixed but overall negative evaluations of Labour's performance in government, and suggests advantages for the SNP on issue competence, leadership and party image. Modelling party choice at the individual level shows that key valence variables – performance evaluations, economic competence and party image – have strong and significant effects, unlike hitherto prominent factors like religion, class and national identity. Constitutional preferences are important too, but their effects suggest a further valence link: the SNP's strong showing among voters seeking further devolution but opposed to independence is due in large part to its credentials as a battler for Scottish interests. In contrast, Labour's stand against 'more powers' may have tarnished its own reputation on that score. We conclude that the SNP edged home by persuading enough voters that it had a positive agenda for governing Scotland within the current constitutional arrangements, and that it could deliver on that agenda.


The study introduces a supervised committee machine with artificial intelligence (SCMAI) method to predict fluoride in ground water of Maku, Iran. Ground water is the main source of drinking water for the area. Management of fluoride anomaly needs better prediction of fluoride concentration. However, the complex hydrogeological characteristics cause difficulties to accurately predict fluoride concentration in basaltic formation, non-basaltic formation, and mixing zone. SCMAI predicts fluoride by a nonlinear combination of individual AI models through an artificial intelligent system. Factor analysis is used to identify effective fluoride-correlated hydrochemical parameters as input to AI models. Four AI models, Sugeno fuzzy logic, Mamdani fuzzy logic, artificial neural network (ANN), and neuro-fuzzy are employed to predict fluoride concentration. The results show that all of these models have similar fitting to the fluoride data in the Maku area, and do not predict well for samples in the mixing zone. The SCMAI employs an ANN model to re-predict the fluoride concentration based on the four AI model predictions. The result shows improvement to the CMAI method, a committee machine with the linear combination of AI model predictions. The results also show significant fitting improvement to individual AI models, especially for fluoride prediction in the mixing zone.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of an obesity prevention intervention on use of self-induced vomiting/laxatives (purging) and diet pills to control weight in girls in early adolescence.

DESIGN
We matched and randomly assigned 10 middle schools to an intervention or a control condition in a randomized controlled trial. Longitudinal multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted with data from 480 girls to examine the effects of the intervention on the risk of reporting a new case of purging or diet pill use to control weight at follow-up 21 months later, while controlling for ethnicity and school matched pairs. Girls who reported purging or using diet pills at baseline were excluded from analyses.

SETTING
Middle schools.

PARTICIPANTS
Four hundred eighty girls in early adolescence aged 10 to 14 years (mean age, 11.5 years).

INTERVENTION
The Planet Health obesity prevention program was implemented during 2 school years and was designed to promote healthful nutrition and physical activity and to reduce television viewing.

OUTCOME
Reduced risk of using self-induced vomiting/laxatives or diet pills to control weight in the past 30 days.

RESULTS
After the intervention, we found 14 (6.2%) of 226 girls in control schools and 7 (2.8%) of 254 girls in intervention schools reported purging or using diet pills to control their weight (P = .003). In a multivariable generalized estimating equation model, girls in intervention schools were less than half as likely to report purging or using diet pills at follow-up compared with girls in control schools (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.75).

CONCLUSION
These findings provide promising evidence that school-based interventions may effectively integrate prevention of both obesity and disordered weight-control behaviors.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanism that leads to the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue.

METHODS
Normal blood monocytes were cocultured either with fixed activated T cells generated from normal blood or RA synovial T cells purified from synovium. TNFalpha production was measured in supernatants from these cocultures following blockade of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) using adenoviral transfer of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase alpha into the responding monocytes, or blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) using the inhibitory drugs wortmannin or LY294002. TNFalpha production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS
TNFalpha production in synovial tissue from patients with RA but not osteoarthritis was found to be T cell dependent. The RA synovial joint T cells resembled normal T cells that had been activated for 8 days using a cocktail of cytokines. These T cells, designated Tck (cytokine-activated T cells), and RA synovial T cells both induced TNFalpha production in resting monocytes in a cell-contact-dependent manner, which was abrogated by blockage of the transcription factor NF-kappaB but augmented if PI 3-kinase was inhibited. Normal blood T cells activated conventionally via the T cell receptor with crosslinked anti-CD3 antibody resulted in TNFalpha production from monocytes; this was unaffected by NF-kappaB blockade, but was inhibited in the presence of PI 3-kinase-blocking drugs.

CONCLUSION
These data provide strong evidence for the importance of T cells in inducing TNFalpha in chronic inflammatory rheumatoid tissue, and give insight into the mechanism whereby these T cells are activated in vivo. Furthermore, they indicate that production of TNFalpha in pathologic tissue is regulated differently from physiologic antigen-dependent TNFalpha production, which raises the possibility that selective inhibitors of TNFalpha in disease may be developed.


Nowadays it is widely recognized the need of developing a new generation of professional equipment for broadcasting that allows a considerable reduction of productions costs in different scenarios. We consider mobile multimedia scenarios where the incorporation of last generation hardware and the development of new software should allow: 1) to decrease the needs of human resources to produce (create, edit, and distribute) audiovisual content; and 2) to increase the richness of the broadcasted product.
 In this paper, we propose a software system that helps technical directors to deal with many motorized videocameras attached to moving or static objects in wireless environments. We use mobile agents to carry out the processing tasks wherever they are needed. Thus, agents are in charge of tracking the location of interesting static or moving objects and the (current and possible) focus range of all the cameras, as well as of refreshing the query answers efficiently and continuously. We present a traditional rowing race in the Basque Country as motivating scenario, where technical directors may indicate interesting objects or geographic areas in run-time and the system is in charge of selecting the best shots from the cameras in the scenario.


Debris flow is an efficient process of sediment transfer from slope base to piedmont depositional fans in mountain drainage basins. To advance understanding of debris-flow sediment dynamics at the regional scale, we analyze a historical (1998–2009) database of debris flows from 77 basins of Alto Adige Province, northeastern Italy. By combining information on event volumetric deposition, high-resolution digital topography, and Quaternary sediment mapping we are able to link debris-flow sediment flux to morphometry, lithologic variability, and sediment availability. We show that basin-wide specific sediment yield (SSY) scales as an inverse power function of basin area. This function is strongly controlled by the way rock type and abundance of Quaternary deposits affect the rate of downstream sediment recruitment. When sediment flux associated with each debris-flow event is subsumed across discrete spatial increments of the entire region, a complex sedimentary signature in the area-SSY space is apparent. That is, SSY increases downstream up to areas as large as 1 km2, and starts to decline beyond this scale, regardless of sediment availability. We propose that this area-SSY relation is characteristic of debris flow–dominated settings.


A basic problem in making cellulose-reinforced composites is achieving a dispersion of cellulosic fibers in an often olephinic polymer matrix. Drying cellulosic fibers results in the formation of fiber flocs/nodules because of their strong interfiber bonding, and this makes the hydrophilic cellulosic fibers difficult to disperse in a hydrophobic matrix material. One common approach to alleviate floc formation is to adsorb cationic surfactant onto anionically charged cellulose, which reduces the interfiber bonding, decreases floc formation and gives better compatibility with the matrix. In this report, a different approach is taken, namely to adsorb nanoclays onto the cellulosic fibers, and thereby reduce the natural hydrogen-bonding affinity between fibers. In a second report, the same technology will be shown to be advantageous to decrease floc formation in oleophinic composites reinforced with cellulosic fibers. This article summarizes experiments aimed at optimizing the chemistry of deposition of montmorillonite clay onto fiber surfaces. The aim was to optimize the chemical conditions for the heterodeposition of the anionic clay onto cationically charged fluff pulp. The experiments were designed to provide a theoretical framework for the deposition of the nanoclay onto the pulp fibers. High Mw p-DADMAC and an exfoliated clay (achieved by passing the clay through a homogenizer) were used. As expected, a certain degree of charge overcompensation by adding an electrolyte was necessary to bring about deposition. The adsorbed amount of clay could be calculated from the charge balance between the overcompensated charge and the net clay charge, constituting the theoretical framework for nanoclay heterodeposition. As expected, montmorillonite clay greatly destroyed the joint strength between fibers (determined by evaluating the strength of paper made from treated fibers). The surface coverage (determined by ESCA) was shown to be a linear function of the attached amount of clay, and ∼3% clay was required to fully cover the fiber surfaces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Liturgy and Literature – An Autumn liturgy for Easter in the Southern Hemisphere. The aim of this article was to explore possibilities regarding the liturgical inculturation of the Easter liturgy in the Southern Hemisphere. The Easter liturgy originated in the Northern Hemisphere, where it was and is celebrated during Spring with all its concomitant symbolism of new life. That symbolism seems to be lacking in the Easter liturgy in the Southern Hemisphere, where Easter occurs during Autumn. In order to address this issue an interdisciplinary exploration of the themes of both the Easter liturgy and the liturgical ordo was undertaken, as well as a study of Afrikaans poems about Autumn. An example of a liturgy making use of the ecumenical-protestant fourfold order of worship [ ordinarium ] and enriched with liturgical elements based on the poems studied here as well as some traditions relating to the Easter liturgy [ proprium ] is presented. As a whole this article serves as an example of how Liturgical Studies can seek alliances with other disciplines in order to address its own questions and for its own purposes.


Electronic excitationsin adsorbate layers stimulate desoprtion and dissociation of adsorbed melecules as well as chemical reactions between adsorbates. The highest-probability stimulated processes produce neutral desorbates and determine how surface composition is altered by elctron or photon radiation. A basic understanding has emerged, due largely to laser resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) experiments, which provide quantum-state resolution of the gas-phase products. Auger phenomena enter this understanding in several ways. For example, CVV Auger spectroscopy determines the screened hole-hole interaction, U, in adsorbates, which in turn provides insight into the degree of charge-transfer screening from the substrate. In those systems where screening charge is used in excitation Auger decay, screening direcly determines the lifetime, which in turn can exponentially affect the yield. Reductions in screening, e.g. induced by coadsorption of electro-negative species, thus can result in giant yield enhancements. As separate issues, a finite U may prevent the fast resonant decay and this increase the yield from two-hole excitations, as has been suggested for NO2 dissociation on Pt(111), or may assist in the localization (self-trapping) of two-hole excitations in dense adsorbate layers, as apparently is the case for NO desorption from the same surface. The latter causes the yields from one- and two-hole excitations to differ in their coverage dependence. Finally, CVV Auger spectroscopy, of course, measures the energies of two-hole excitations, which can be correlated with observed stimulated thresholds.


The role of transparency on the diurnal distribution of plant-attached cladocerans was studied in two similar-sized lakes with contrasting water colour. The diurnal attachment behaviour of Sida crystallina (O.F. Muller, 1776) was more pronounced in the less humic lake where the animals remained fixed on plants, indicating that staying attached was a more profitable option. In the highly humic lake, the pattern was opposite, and regardless of time the highest density observed was in the free-swimming individuals, with only few animals attached to the floating-leaves for refuge, indicating that low transparency provided sufficient protection against predation. The attached S. crystallina were larger compared to free-swimming individuals in the more transparent lake, suggesting greater vulnerability of large-sized individuals to predation. The results indicate that increasing concentrations of humic substances affecting the light environment may alter the diurnal behaviour and habitat use of plant-attached zooplankton.


Machine learning is often used to automatically solve human tasks. In this paper, we look for tasks where machine learning algorithms are not as good as humans with the hope of gaining insight into their current limitations. We studied various Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) on the market, because they are systems designed to tell computers and humans apart by posing challenges presumably too hard for computers. We found that most HIPs are pure recognition tasks which can easily be broken using machine learning. The harder HIPs use a combination of segmentation and recognition tasks. From this observation, we found that building segmentation tasks is the most effective way to confuse machine learning algorithms. This has enabled us to build effective HIPs (which we deployed in MSN Passport), as well as design challenging segmentation tasks for machine learning algorithms.


Ordinary General Meeting 21 October 1970 at 5.00 p.m. The Twenty-fifth William Smith Lecture: A return to William Smith, was delivered by Professor W. S. Fyfe, F.R.S., Royal Society Professor of Geochemistry in the University of Manchester, in the Wellcome Lecture Theatre at the apartments of The Royal Society. Ordinary General Meeting 11–12 November 1970 A two-day Discussion Meeting: Volcanism and the structure of the earth, arranged jointly by the Volcanic Studies Group of the Geological Society, and The Royal Society, organized by Professor J. Sutton, F.R.S., Dr P. S. Sabine & Dr R. R. Skelhorn, was held in the apartments of The Royal Society. The following papers were read (* denotes the speaker): 1. Aspects of magmatic evolution on Reunion Island By W. J. Wadsworth* and B. G. J. Upton The 'primitive' shield lavas of the two Reunion volcanoes are olivine-tholeiites whose compositions are dictated by olivine addition or subtraction, down to a limiting value of approximately 5% MgO. They differ from those of Hawaiian shields (a) in being more alkalic and (b) in containing dunite-wehrlite-gabbro nodule suites. The elder of the two has a 'Kohala-like' structure with a veneer of more highly differentiated volcanic rocks. These, ranging from feldsparphyric basalts to trachytes, are dominantly hypersthene-normative with more extreme compositions carrying modal quartz. Fractionation of basic feldspar (An85) and diopsidic pyroxene, as well as olivine, is believed to have controlled the low pressure evolution of the differentiated lavas. The differentiated magmas were (a) less siliceous and (b) slightly


The outcomes of a survey of Australian Engineering undergraduates on a campus-based blended course offer a snapshot of trends in student ownership of technologies and a view of student attitudes and preferred choices of hardware and software to support their learning experiences during their first year at university. This paper reports that students in this cohort indicated high levels of prior digital literacy coupled with high personal ownership of multiple technologies. The ensuing conversations and the outputs from the survey indicated that students were keen to use digital technologies including the Learning Management Systems (LMS) to support their learning. They reported an increased use of social media for studying with other students. This was in addition to their prior personal use of social networks for staying in touch with friends and family. The students were however unfamiliar with both the idea and the expectation from their tutors of extensive online preparation prior to their face to face classes. The discussion considers this study in the context of recent research into student experiences from the USA (Dahlstrom, 2012) and from the UK (Beetham and White, 2013). The latter recorded similar conclusions from their research into UK located students in terms of readiness to study at university, noting that students had 'indistinct ideas about how they will learn at university and what constitutes legitimate learning practice – especially digital practice – in a university context.'


What happens when Big Data is made open to you? Discover how Open Data can benefit you, your business, and your brand "Open Data Now is an instant classic-essential reading." (Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence and Focus). What is Open Data? Open Data is the world's greatest free resource - unprecedented access to thousands of databases - and it is one of the most revolutionary developments since the Information Age began. Combining two major trends - the exponential growth of digital data and the emerging culture of disclosure and transparency - Open Data gives you and your business full access to information that has never been available to the average person until now. Unlike most Big Data, Open Data is transparent, accessible, and reusable in ways that give it the power to transform business, government, and society. Open Data Now is an essential guide to understanding all kinds of open databases - business, government, science, technology, retail, social media, and more - and using those resources to your best advantage. You'll learn how to tap crowds for fast innovation, conduct research through open collaboration, and manage and market your business in a transparent marketplace. Open Data is open for business - and the opportunities are as big and boundless as the Internet itself. This powerful, practical book shows you how to harness the power of Open Data in a variety of applications: Hot Startups: turn government data into profitable ventures; Savvy Marketing: understand how reputational data drives your brand; Data-Driven Investing: apply new tools for business analysis; Consumer In Formation: connect with your customers using smart disclosure; Green Business: use data to bet on sustainable companies; FAST RD and New Opportunities: explore open fields for new businesses. Whether you're a marketing professional who wants to stay on top of what's trending, a budding entrepreneur with a billion-dollar idea and limited resources, or a struggling business owner trying to stay competitive in a changing global market - or if you just want to understand the cutting edge of information technology - Open Data Now offers a wealth of big ideas, strategies, and techniques that wouldn't have been possible before Open Data leveled the playing field. The revolution is here and it's now. It's Open Data Now. Praise for Open Data Now: "In Open Data Now, Joel Gurin presents a strategy for success in the coming era of massive data. Open Data gives business unprecedented power to understand customers and earn their trust. Any organization that wants to connect with the people it serves needs these lessons. Open Data Now is an instant classic-essential reading for entrepreneurs, small business owners, corporate executives, or anyone who needs to understand this new information reality." (Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence and Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence). "Data is the new oil of the Internet, yet much of it is locked up because of habits inherited from the days of index cards and filing cabinets. In Open Data Now, Joel Gurin, who lives at the epicenter of this new data-driven world, describes how these hidden resources can be transformed into public wealth and vibrant commerce, and gives us a road map for making it happen. This book will convert you to a new way of thinking about data and open your eyes to huge new possibilities." (Alex "Sandy" Pentland, Director, MIT Media Lab Entrepreneurship Program). "This compelling and cutting-edge book is a must-read for anyone following the panoply of issues swirling around personal and public data." (Josh Gottheimer, General Manager, Strategic Initiatives and Operations, Microsoft). "Open Data is one of the most important ways in which society can tap information, extract new economic value, and promote government transparency. Joel Gurin has used his wide-ranging expertise to identify the landmarks - and the landmines - in this critical issue of global significance." (Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier, coauthors of Big Data). "Joel Gurin is a consumer advocate and big thinker. His insights into the new world of data mining and how it might change our lives give us a very important glimpse into what's to come in a society where data greases the wheels of its progress and problems." (Bill Baker, President Emeritus, Educational Broadcasting Corporation).


Abstract This retrospective, covering half a century, is a personal history of modern libertarianism. It provides some historical perspective on the growth of libertarianism and its impact on society, especially for those who were born into an existing libertarian movement, including political and academic paths. As outsiders, Austrians and libertarians can expect more than their share of difficult times and roadblocks, although that situation has improved over time. It also shows the limitations of the political path to liberty and the importance of the Austrian view that society changes via emphasis on sound economic science, its practicality, and its subsequent impact on ideology. Finally, it conveys the importance of solving practical problems and puzzles via the thin, radical version of libertarianism.


Pain affects millions of people around the world. Different nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions exist to manage it. Opioid analgesics are very effective in pain management and play an integral role in controlling moderate to severe pain. Oral opioid therapy allows for outpatient pain management and can reduce the need for in-hospital care. This article focuses on new oral opioid analgesics that are available on the South African market, or will be, and which may be relevant to pharmacy practice.


What does it mean to imitate another person? What relationships are possible and necessary, or unthinkable, because of exhortation advising people to imitate Paul? What are the effects of giving special status to likeness? Questions such as these are posed in this thought-provoking book that addresses the notion of mimesis (imitation) and how it functions in Paul's letters as a strategy of power. The Literary Currents in Biblical Interpretation series explores current trends within the discipline of biblical interpretation by dealing with the literary qualities of the Bible: the play of its language, the coherence of its final form, and the relationships between text and readers. Biblical interpreters are being challenged to take responsibility for the theological, social, and ethical implications of their readings. This series encourages original readings that breach the confines of traditional biblical criticism.


Go is a programming language developed at Google, with channel-based concurrent features based on CSP. Go can detect global communication deadlocks at runtime when all threads of execution are blocked, but deadlocks in other paths of execution could be undetected. We present a new static analyser for concurrent Go code to find potential communication errors such as communication mismatch and deadlocks at compile time. Our tool extracts the communication operations as session types, which are then converted into Communicating Finite State Machines (CFSMs). Finally, we apply a recent theoretical result on choreography synthesis to generate a global graph representing the overall communication pattern of a concurrent program. If the synthesis is successful, then the program is free from communication errors. We have implemented the technique in a tool, and applied it to analyse common Go concurrency patterns and an open source application with over 700 lines of code.


This thesis examines longitudinally how young offenders cope with prison life, in particular the relationship between early coping styles and later levels of psychological health' and homesickness. The research was conducted in two parts. The first was a preliminary study to modify a homesickness questionnaire (Archer et al, 1998) for use within a prison population. The modified questionnaire (HQ-P) demonstrated good reliability. The second part consisted of the longitudinal study. This comprised three phases where individuals were assessed within two weeks of arriving into the prison system (phase one, N = 261), six weeks later (phase two, N = 133) and four to six months after phase one (phase three, N = 55). At each phase, individuals were asked to complete a coping styles questionnaire, psychological health and homesickness measures. A small number of the sample at phase one also took part in a semi-structured interview. This was to explore qualitatively their methods of coping, management of relationships and levels of support experienced within the first two weeks of arrival into the prison system. The results demonstrated that the use of emotional and avoidance coping within two weeks of arrival into prison was related to better levels of psychological health and lower levels of homesickness some six weeks and four to six months later. Individuals also demonstrated preferences for particular coping strategies that remained consistent across each phase. There are many implications of these findings. The first of these is the demonstration that levels of homesickness remain consistently high as time continues in prison. The study also reflects the importance of not labelling coping strategies as universally effective or ineffective, and allowing a more realistic exploration of their significance as a result. The effective early use of avoidance and emotional coping upon later levels of psychological health and homesickness would contrast against coping theory, that has previously regarded emotional and avoidance coping as hindering effective management of the stressor (Zeinder and Endler, 1996 and Menaghan, 1982).
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'Psychological health refers to symptoms expressed in the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (Crown and Crisp, 1966). These include depression, free-floating anxiety, obsessional and hysteric symptoms, also somatic symptoms which has a physical base. When discussing the findings throughout this thesis, references to psychological health are a combination of the above symptoms.


1. Genetics and Ecotoxicology - Insights from the Interface Valery Forbes 2. The Evolution of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Adpatations, Limits, and Costs A. Johnathan Forbes 3. Mercury Tolerance, Population Effects, and Population Genetics in the Mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus Judith Weis, Nicolay Mugue, Peddrick Weis 4. Chemical-Induced Changes in the Genetic Structure of Populations - Effects on Allozymes Robert Gillespie and Sheldon Guttman 5. Adaptation to Metals in the Midge, Chironomus riparius - a Case Study in the River Dommel Jaap Postma and Dick Groenendijk 6. The Influence of Contamination Complexity on Adaptation to Environmental Contaminants Paul Klerks 7. Natural Selection in Contaminated Environments - a Case Study Using RAPD Genotypes Christopher Theodrakis and Lee Shugart 8. Structural Damage to DNA in Response to Toxicant Exposure Lee Shugart 9. Toxicity and Sexual Reproduction In Rotifers: Reduced Resting Egg Production and Heterozygosity Loss Terry Snell, Manuel Serra and Maria Jose Carmona 10. The Influence of Reproductive Mode and its Genetic Consequences on the Responses of Populations to Toxicants - a Case Study Valery Forbes, Vibeke Moller, Robert Browne and Michael Depledge 11. Genetic Variation in the Response of Daphnia to Toxic Substances: Implication for Risk Assessment Donald Baird and Carlos Barata Barata, University of Stirling, UK, Robert Browne, Wake Forest University, USA, Maria Jose Carmona, University of Valencia, Spain, Michael Depledge, University of Plymouth, Valery Forbes, Roskilde University, Denmark, Robert Gillespie, Indiana University-Purdue University, USA, Dick Groenendijk, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Sheldon Guttman, Miami University, USA, Paul Klerks, University of Southern Louisiana, USA, Nicolay Mugue, Institute for Developmental Biology, Russia, Vibeke Moller, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Denmark, Jaap Folkert Postma, Aquasense Consultants, The Netherlands, Lee Shugart, LR Shugart and Associates Inc., USA, Manuel Serra, University of Valencia, Spain, A. Johnathan Shaw, Duke University, USA, Terry Snell, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, Christopher Theodrakis, Texas A & M University, USA, Judith Weis, Rutgers University, USA, Peddrick Weis, New Jersey Medical School, USA.


About this book:
Developing Quality Systems and Educational Organisations" presents an overview of the pitfalls, problems and vicissitudes of implementing quality standards in education. It explores theoretical issues, such as the relationship between the customer and academic culture, but also has a strongly practical theme, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of quality systems through a series of case studies taken from a variety of geographical locations including California, Wisconsin, Virginia, Missouri and Alaska. This book looks to the future in developments for the education sector by taking a management approach to the study of systems in both higher education and at the school level.


In this paper, we evaluate the impact of research grants on the amount of collaboration, among scientific researchers in Argentina. We find a positive and significant impact of funding on collaboration, which is measured in terms of the number of co-authors for publications in peer-reviewed journals. In particular, we find a significant impact of the grants for funded researchers both on the size of their ego network, and on their 2-step indirect links, measured by the number of direct and 1-step indirect co-authors. We also find evidence that this impact was driven by the results of funded researchers at the upper tail of the distribution of collaboration outcomes.


EXPONENTIAL INTEGRATOR METHODS FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL REACTION-DIFFUSION MODELS by Olaniyi Samuel Iyiola The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2017 Under the Supervision of Bruce Wade Nonlocality and spatial heterogeneity of many practical systems have made fractional differential equations very useful tools in Science and Engineering. However, solving these type of models is computationally demanding. In this work, we propose an exponential integrator method for nonlinear fractional reaction-diffusion equations. This scheme is based on using a real distinct poles discretization for the underlying matrix exponentials. Due to these real distinct poles, the algorithm could be easily implemented in parallel to take advantage of multiple processors for increased computational efficiency. The method is established to be secondorder convergent; and proven to be robust for problems involving non-smooth/mismatched initial and boundary conditions and steep solution gradients. We examine the stability of the scheme through its amplification factor and plot the boundaries of the stability regions comparative to other second-order FETD schemes. This numerical scheme combined with fractional centered differencing is used for simulating many important nonlinear fractional models in applications. We demonstrate the superiority of our method over competing second order FETD schemes, BDF2 scheme, and IMEX schemes. Our experiments show that the proposed scheme is computationally more efficient (in terms of cpu time). Furthermore, we investigate the trade-off between using fractional centered differencing and matrix transfer technique in ii discretization of Riesz fractional derivatives. The generalized Mittag-Leffler function and its inverse is very useful in solving fractional differential equations and structural derivatives, respectively. However, their computational complexities have made them difficult to deal with numerically. We propose a real distinct pole rational approximation of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function. Under some mild conditions, this approximation is proven and empirically shown to be L-Acceptable. Due to the complete monotonicity property of the Mittag-Leffler function, we derive a rational approximation for the inverse generalized Mittag-Leffler function. These approximations are especially useful in developing efficient and accurate numerical schemes for partial differential equations of fractional order. Several applications are presented such as complementary error function, solution of fractional differential equations, and the ultraslow diffusion model using the structural derivative. Furthermore, we present a preliminary result of the application of the M-L RDP approximation to develop a generalized exponetial integrator scheme for time-fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation.