Recent work comparing the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) to Workers' Compensation (WC) claims databases concludes that the SOII substantially undercounts cases. We use linked WC-SOII data from Wisconsin to describe which cases are more likely to be accurately captured in the SOII. The SOII capture rate is higher for relatively acute injuries such as fractures, and is lower for injuries that are less readily identifiable as work-related such as inflammation or carpal tunnel, or for injuries in which WC claims were made substantially after injury incidence or after the year of injury. These findings further our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses in both the methodology used to measure the undercount and in the current data collection methods used by the SOII.


The Dsb protein family is responsible for introducing disulfide bonds into nascent proteins in prokaryotes, stabilizing the structure of many proteins. Helicobacter pylori HP0231 is a Dsb-like protein, shown to catalyze disulfide bond formation and to participate in redox homeostasis. Notably, many H. pylori virulence factors are stabilized by the formation of disulfide bonds. By employing H. pylori HP0231 deficient strains we analyzed the effect of lack of this bacterial protein on the functionality of virulence factors containing putative disulfide bonds. The lack of H. pylori HP0231 impaired CagA translocation into gastric epithelial cells and reduced VacA-induced cellular vacuolation. Moreover, H. pylori HP0231 deficient bacteria were not able to colonize the gastric mucosa of mice, probably due to compromised motility. Together, our data demonstrate an essential function for H. pylori HP0231 in gastric colonization and proper function of bacterial virulence factors related to gastric pathology.


Although humanitarian intervention is never politically neutral, Mapel maintains that this point can be overdrawn. Arguing that humanitarian agencies cannot always actively pursue political agendas, Mapel asserts that the objectives of such missions must be determined on a case-by-case basis. Pushing the issue a step further, he argues that in deciding whether there is an obligation to intervene, the nature of the conflict, the costs and risks of intervention, and other factors must all be taken into consideration. Mapel concludes in support of Winston's call for a standing UN military force for humanitarian interventions but notes that debates over the objectives of interventions and the nature of justice in complex situations remain obstacles to the establishment of such a force.


Inductive reasoning is fundamental to human cognition, yet it remains unclear how we develop this ability and what might influence our inductive choices. We created novel categories in which crucial factors such as domain and category structure were manipulated orthogonally. We trained 403 4–9-year-old children to categorise well-matched natural kind and artefact stimuli with either featural or relational category structure, followed by induction tasks. This wide age range allowed for the first full exploration of the developmental trajectory of inductive reasoning in both domains. We found a gradual transition from perceptual to categorical induction with age. This pattern was stable across domains, but interestingly, children showed a category bias one year later for relational categories. We hypothesise that the ability to use category information in inductive reasoning develops gradually, but is delayed when children need to process and apply more complex category structures.


The V language describes VLSI systems concisely through the use of sequential algorithmic descriptions. Because V includes high-level constructs such as queues, asynchronous calls, and cycle-blocks, designs are more readily described and optimized into efficient hardware implementations. The implementations can then be tuned for space, time, or other objectives using annotations. From the input description, the V compiler generates both a register-transfer-level specification and a software simulator. Thus, a single description is suitable for both functional simulation and input to logic synthesis. The author describes parsing. scheduling, and resource sharing using the V compiler. He discusses synthesis and simulation, annotations, and high-level constructs.<<ETX>>


Introduction: Considering that the research has shown that homosalate act as endocrine-active substance, it is very important to develop quick and sensitive method for tracking its concentrations in sunscreen products. The aim of this paper is to develop and validate the method for determining homosalate in sunscreen preparations and controlling the content of the products found on the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Methods: A high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination homosalate in sunscreen products has been developed and validated. Samples of six different manufacturers have been analyzed. HPLC method is method of choice for this type of investigation.
Results: According to the calibration curve it has been found that the proposed analytical method in a given range of concentration is linear and that the correlation coefficient is R2=0.9998. Accuracy of the method is in range 94.26% -121.53%.The results have shown that the homosalate concentration in the tested samples did not exceed the maximally permissible concentration (10%). In the sample AV50 homosalate was not declared as an active ingredient, but it was identified and quantified at a concentration of 0.143%.
Conclusion: Results of investigation of cosmetic products that are widely present on the market show the need of developing a sufficiently sensitive, easily accessible, analytical method for controlling the content of organic UV filters since the exceeding of the maximally permissible concentration can have a harmful effect on people who use these kinds of products. The results show that developed method meets conditions and is suitable for wide application.


The value of software inspection for uncovering defects early in the development lifecycle has been well documented. Of the various types of inspection methods published to date, experiments have shown perspective-based inspection to be one of the most effective, because of its enhanced coverage of the defect space. However, inspections in general, and perspective-based inspections in particular, have so far been applied predominantly in the context of conventional structured development methods, and then almost always to textual artifacts, such as requirements documents or code modules. Object-oriented models, particularly of the graphical form, have so far not been adequately addressed by inspection methods. This paper tackles this problem by first discussing the difficulties involved in tailoring the perspective-based inspection approach to object-oriented development methods and, second, by presenting a generalization of the approach which overcomes these limitations. The new version of the approach is illustrated in the context of UML-based object-oriented development.


Food has always been an important source of knowledge about culture and society. Art and Appetite takes a fascinating new look at depictions of food in American art, demonstrating that artistic representations of edibles offer thoughtful reflection on the cultural, political, economic, and social moments in which they were created. Artists used food as prism through which they could celebrate and critique their society, expressing ideas relating to politics, race, class, and gender. With a focus that ranges from Colonial still lifes of the 18th century through the Pop artists of the 20th century, this lively publication investigates the many interpretations of eating in America. Art and Appetite features still-life and trompe l'oeil painting, sculpture, and other works by such celebrated artists as John Singleton Copley, Raphaelle Peale, Lilly Martin Spencer, William Michael Harnett, William Merritt Chase, Elizabeth Paxton, Norman Bel Geddes, Stuart Davis, Edward Hopper, Alice Neel, Wayne Thiebaud, and Roy Lichtenstein, among others. Essays by leading experts address topics including the horticultural and botanical underpinnings of still-life painting, the history of alcohol consumption in the United States, the cultural history of Thanksgiving, and the commercialization of food in the world of Pop art. In addition to the images and essays, this book includes a selection of vintage recipes for all-American dishes.


A complete assessment of the impacts caused due to widening of a National Highway on the air, water and soil environment in the nearest vicinity and 10 kms study area has been carried out and results presented. The Pune–Solapur National Highway-9 from km 144.00 to km 249.00 chainage has to be widened from existing 2 lane carriageway to 4/6 lane carriageway. The said project has been accorded Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, in the month of September 2011. The baseline study of the site comprising ambient air, noise, surface/ ground water, soil, landuse, ecological biodiversity and socio-economic factors of the area in 10 kms from the proposed widening site was carried out. Since the proposed project is a highway project, major air pollutants from the widening shall be vehicular exhaust emission from the increased traffic. This being a line source can be predicted through CALINE software. Study of ambient level of existing carbon monoxide (CO) concentration has been carried out in the EIA report. Predicted increased levels of air pollutant CO for worst-case scenario was projected based on the existing baseline data. The input parameters required for the CALINE software such as, traffic volume, meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, stability class, mixing height), emission parameters, road geometry, terrain type, background pollutant concentration and receptor location are incorporated after carrying out site-specific study. The maximum concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) was found to be in the southwest direction of the proposed development. This ground level concentration of CO is very meagre and even after summing up with the existing ambient air level shall cause very negligible impact on the existing ambient air of the study area as assessed from the software results. Moreover, it is planned that vehicles plying in the area shall Air Pollution XX 47 doi:10.2495/AIR120051 www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 1 , © 2012 WIT Press 57 be fitted with the EURO engines complying with the emission standards of India so as to reduce emissions during operational phase of the highway after widening. The detailed impact assessment as well as mitigation measures and the environmental management plan for the proposed project have been prepared.


Providing patient-centred care (PCC) is one of the goals described by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to deliver quality of care. Across several interventions described in the literature, there is no clear consensus of one that will best fit the diversity of women coming to seek care in maternity services and across the variety of healthcare provid ers (HCPs) who provide that care. A reason for that may be the lack of consensus about the model of care to adopt for maternity services reveals a neglected area of research. Managing quality of care should also mean considering the best model of care in practice for all women, incorporating the core and legitimate attributes of maternity care.


Tomato is a mild season crop and high temperature stress impacts productivity negatively. However, the development of cultivars with improved heat tolerance is possible as genetic variability has been consistently reported. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that impact various traits under heat stress. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on a diverse set of 144 tomato genotypes collected from various germplasm centers and breeding programs. The genotypes were grown under control and heat stress in poly tunnels having mean temperatures of 30°C and 45°C for two seasons and phenotypic data were collected on seven agro-physiological traits. All individuals were genotyped withthe80K DArTseq platform using 31237 SNP markers. Data were analysed using a mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Pattern analysis of the phenotypic data showed five primary clusters each with genotypes from multiple origins. Based on the genotypic data, three wild tomato genotypes showed a degree of un-relatedness with the other materials as they were distantly located from the rest of the genotypes in the scatter plot. Control treatment data were used to ascertain markers that are exclusively important under high temperature stress. A large number of markers were significantly associated with various traits under heat stress. These included strong marker associations for number of inflorescence/plant (IPP), number of flowers/inflorescence (FPI), fresh fruit weight (FFrW), and electrolyte leakage (EL). High association with EL was found due to two SNPs 7858523|F|0-25:G>A-25:G>A and 4705224|F|0-60:C>G-60:C>G located on Chr 6. Other less pronounced marker-trait associations were observed for plant dry weight (PDW), and number of fruit/plant (FrPP).


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the functional and cosmetic outcome of single stage surgical procedure for correction of the classic components of Blepharophimosis syndrome. Materials and Methods: We report a retrospective case file review of 11 patients with Blepharophimosis syndrome operated between July 2004 and April 2008. Each patient had undergone the correction of epicanthus inversus, telecanthus, palpebral phimosis, and bilateral ptosis as a single-stage surgical procedure. Patients were examined and photographed before and after surgery. The mean follow-up was 3 years (range 2-6 years). Results: A total of 11 patients (8 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 9 years (range 6--22 years) were reviewed. The surgical outcome was assessed both functionally and cosmetically. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.729 ± 0.316 SD and the mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.856 ± 0.277 SD (P <0.0428). There was a statistically significant decrease of astigmatism following ptosis correction (P<0.05), improvement of telecanthus (P<0.0001) in terms of IICD (inner intercanthal distance), and HPFL (horizontal palpebral fissure length) (P=0.019) along with improvement of the superior visual field. The mean preoperative and postoperative IICD was 3±0.33 SD and 2.418 ± 0.189 SD, respectively. There was also a significant postoperative improvement of ptosis (P< 0.01), as measured by IPFH (vertical interpalpebral fissure height). All the patients had a stable functional and cosmetic result after a mean follow-up period of 3 years. Conclusion: Single-stage surgical correction of the classic anomalies of Blepharophimosis syndrome provides stable and successful long-term results.


It is widely recognised that policymakers use research deemed relevant, yet little is understood about ways to enhance perceived relevance of research evidence. Observing policymakers' access of research online provides a pragmatic way to investigate predictors of relevance.

This study investigates a range of relevance indicators including committee assignments, public statements, issue prevalence, or the policymaker's name or district.

In a series of four rapid-cycle randomised control trials (RCTs), the present work systematically explores science communication strategies by studying indicators of perceived relevance. State legislators, state staffers, and federal staffers were emailed fact sheets on issues of COVID (Trial 1, N = 3403), exploitation (Trial 2, N = 6846), police violence (Trial 3, N = 3488), and domestic violence (Trial 4, N = 3888).

Across these trials, personalising the subject line to the legislator's name or district and targeting recipients based on committee assignment consistently improved engagement. Mentions of subject matter in public statements was inconsistently associated, and state-level prevalence of the issue was largely not associated with email engagement behaviour.

Together, these results indicate a benefit of targeting legislators based on committee assignments and of personalising the subject line with legislator information. This work further operationalises practical indicators of personal relevance and demonstrates a novel method of how to test science communication strategies among policymakers. Building enduring capacity for testing science communication will improve tactics to cut through the noise during times of political crisis.


Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.


We argue how boundary B-type Landau-Ginzburg models based on matrix factorizations can be used to compute exact superpotentials for intersecting D-brane configurations on compact Calabi-Yau spaces. In this paper, we consider the dependence of open-string, boundary changing correlators on bulk moduli. This determines, via mirror symmetry, non-trivial disk instanton corrections in the A-model. As crucial ingredient we propose a differential equation that involves matrix analogs of Saito's higher residue pairings. As example, we compute from this for the elliptic curve certain quantum products m_2 and m_3, which reproduce genuine boundary changing, open Gromov-Witten invariants.


The Conasauga River Watershed, located in northern Georgia and southern Tennessee, has one of the most diverse aquatic ecosystems in this region and is currently being considered for designation as a wild and scenic river. The Conasauga River also serves as a major source of drinking water for numerous large cities. Due to the close proximity with the cities of Knoxville, Atlanta, and Chattanooga, intensive public usage, and the high quality of this aquatic resource, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service has designated the Conasauga River as one of the twelve large-scale watershed restoration projects in the nation. This is warranted as the Conasauga River is experiencing excessive sedimentation from the erosion of private agricultural lands, streambanks, and forest roads. We are working with an erosion model, the Sediment Tool, to facilitate decision-making in the restoration of forest roads. The sediment tool, and its parent model the Watershed Characterization System (WCS), were developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Sediment Tool is a spatially explicit, GIS based, finite element, lumped parameter model which generates estimates of soil erosion, sediment routing and sediment yield. We applied WCS along segments of thirteen mountain roads in the Conasauga Watershed. The segments provide replication of road types under a variety of usage levels, road base materials and slopes. We sampled overland flow from each segment for total suspended solids (TSS) and surveyed all pertinent road characteristics. While we were able to qualitatively calibrate the model, predicted sediment yields were typically much greater than observed data. Model results improved with digital elevation model (DEM) and computational grid resolution. Error analysis indicated that model sensitivity is limited by the governing equations within the model and the resolution of the input data. The model currently employs the universal soil loss equation (USLE) to estimate soil erosion and empirical sediment yield equations to transport sediment. These empirical equations were not developed for application on aggregate road surfaces. DEM resolution will also present problems in routing the sediment to streams. Streams in the study areas are only one two three meters wide. Floodplains adjacent to these streams are typically four or five meters wide and frequently trap sediment-laden runoff before it reaches the streams. Current efforts to improve upon the model include an adaptation of the process based Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and attainment of finer resolution DEM data that will more accurately represent the road surfaces.


: Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the role of communication in the process of building safe and ethical relationships using various traditional and more modern methods, i.e., the use of social media. Design/Methodology/Approach: Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The data for analysis were obtained using the diagnostic survey method using the questionnaire technique. More specifically, the CATI method was used to obtain the data, which made it possible to find out the opinions of the respondents via a telephone conversation. The data was obtained in June 2019. In addition to the empirical method, the study also used theoretical research methods, such as the analytical-synthetic method, which was used to perform the critical analysis of the literature on the subject. Moreover, abstraction was used to select the necessary elements for the analysis. The data obtained from the survey questionnaire was compared with the recommendations in the field of communication with stakeholders. Generalization and inference were used to formulate conclusions. Findings: The considerations contained in the article are the part of a broader research on the role of communication - traditional and more advanced methods in building relations between an enterprise and its stakeholders. The changes taking place in the market have had changed the role of social media in the communication process, but still traditional methods are important in the functioning of enterprises. Practical Implications: Enterprises try to use many types of methods to create safe relationships with their stakeholders. The most important element is the diversification of communication channels to reach each stakeholder group. Originality/value: There are many articles about communication between enterprise and its shareholders but there is a lack of a publication fully devoted to the issue of building safe relations between them, especially pointing out the use of social media.


A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as 15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as 22m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv 0140-1963/$ see front matter r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018 Corresponding author. Tel.: +1303 236 1855. E-mail address: email@example.com (M.A. Chaffee). historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Learn the basics of Visual Basic 2005 programming and specific language features, and prepare to take your applications to the next level. This box set reveals all of Visual Basic 2005s unmatched tools for programming, debugging, and refactoring code and shares proven techniques for developing even the most complex Visual Basic applications. Also included are expert tips on modeling, user interface design, and testing so that you can master the advanced features of this language.


Scientific advancement and advancements in information technology have
increased our capability for sharing information, and spreading scientific
discoveries throughout society. In the past decade the Dutch government has
been trying to stimulate the knowledge economy through various means. Among
them the stimulation of the founding of the Dutch Centres for Entrepreneurship,
and the Valorisation programme. However, over the years, publication volume
has become the main indicator for being a successful scientist. This focus on
publications and research disincentivizes scientists from activities that generate
more concrete value for society.
The Societal Impact Value Cycle seeks to offer scientists and others a toolbox
for visualising and understanding the way innovation can be fostered, and how
other processes can foster scientific research in return. It also maps the way by
which an innovation ecosystem generates socio-economic value from academic
activities. It should be noted that not all scientific research leads to innovations
that generate value for society, and not all research is intended to change the
course of events. Nonetheless, fostering cooperation between research institutes
and societal stakeholders, and increasing awareness of how entrepreneurial
skills and activities could not only lead to a return on investments necessary for
scientific advancement, but also increase the societal impact from academic
endeavours. This could benefit our society, and societies worldwide, both socially
and economically.
This publication will offer valuable insight and an effective toolbox for people
interested in socio-economic value creation from scientific research, or, in other
words, valorisation. Therewith, it lays at the heart of Stichting Maatschappij en
Onderneming's daily occupations and our close cooperation with the Erasmus
University Rotterdam.


American courts and legislatures have struggled to define the participation rights of genetic fathers in governmental adoption schemes for infants born to unwed mothers as a result of consensual sexual intercourse. Federal constitutional privacy interests in both paternity opportunity and childrearing compel a certain level of genetic father participation. However, excessive levels of participation undermine the goals of swift, final, and inexpensive adoptions, as well as deny some maternal preferences. The difficulties in balancing genetic father participation with competing interests are well illustrated by recent developments in Florida. There, the so-called "Scarlet Letter" law of 2001 (effectively branding women as promiscuous and unfit parents for little reason) was rather quickly replaced by a "Putative Father Registry" law in 2003. Unfortunately, neither law strikes a proper balance. Scarlet Letter laws are unwarranted (as well as unconstitutional), while putative father registries confer inadequate participation rights for unwed fathers. The most appropriate course of action would be for Florida, and other states, to incorporate a good-faith cooperation responsibility for most genetic mothers during newborn adoptions, under which mothers would have greater duties in naming or helping to name the genetic fathers of newborns who are placed for adoption.


occurring just below the locked zone that generates great earthquakes. Initially discovered in subduction zones, this new slip mechanism can release energy equivalent to at least a magnitude 7 earthquake! While this is a tremendous energy release, no one ever feels these events because they occur as slow slip episodes lasting weeks or months. As the plates move, high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) monuments record the magnitude and direction of motion while seismometers record the low amplitude seismic waves released. The importance of this discovery lies in its potential relationship to the part of faults that generate destructive earthquakes. Considering that ETS occurs immediately below to the locked zone of faults, it may be possible for energy released in slow slip episodes to concentrate stresses at the deep edge of the locked zone, incrementally bringing it closer to failure. Thus ETS episodes might be a trigger for great earthquakes or aid in monitoring the stress state of faults as they lead up to the big one.


How a business process model is laid out will affect the ease of making sense of it. Existing layout features in process modeling tools often rely on generic insights on graph representation, but do not take the specific properties of business process models into account. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that is based on a set of constraints which are specifically identified towards establishing a readable layout of a process model. By exploiting the structure of the process model, the proposed algorithm allows for the computation of the final layout in linear time. An empirical evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm indeed provides support beyond what moderately experienced process modelers undertake to lay out their process models.


The native plants of East Borneo the Costus specious (Koening) J.E. Smith stem, Lagerstroema spesiosa Pers leaf, Cerbera mangans L leaf, Vitis trifolia L fruit., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser root, Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. leaf, Lygodium microphyllum, Bidens Chinensis Willd., Sonneratia caseolaris L. peel, Sonneratia caseolaris L. stem is almost under-explored for their potensial benefits. They were extracted by the solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were tested for their free radical activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The ethyl acetate extract of Costus spesiosus (Koening) J. E. Smith antioxidant were screnned concentration of 68 ppm, similarly athyl acetate extract of Vitis trivolia L., showed antioxidant activity at 64,30 ppm. As the ethyl acetate extract of Scurrulla atropurpurea (Blume), Brucea javanica (L.) Merr, Lygodium microphyllum and Sonneratia caseolaris L. stem, showed antioxidant activity at 273,52 ppm, 91,12 ppm, 17,39 ppm and 7,03 ppm. N-butanol extract of Lagerstroema spesiosa Pers, Cerbera mangans L, Bidens chinensis Willd, and Sonneratia caseolaris L. peel showed 8,37 ppm, 128,59 ppm, 18,17 ppm and 54,29 ppm antioxidant activity using DPPH model systems. Owing to the property, the studies can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for preservation of food products as well as their use as health supplements


Analysis of measurements of the static scattering function by electron and X-ray diffraction, of the dynamic scattering law by neutron scattering, and of infrared and Raman spectra points at the important role of twin helix-reversal defects for the molecular dynamics in the intermediate phase and high-temperature phase (modifications IV and I) of poly(tetrafluoroethylene). In contrast to single helix-reversal defects, these twin defects constitute a local perturbation which can move along the chain without affecting remote units. One species, the `'coherent'' twin defect, possesses a particularly low formation energy, since it retains the twist long-range order along the chain. Formation of the defects occurs mainly in the intermediate phase. In the high-temperature phase a saturation is observed. The steep increase in the defect concentration in the intermediate phase followed by the equilibration in the high-temperature phase can be understood as a transition between a disordered state controlled by intra- and intermolecular forces to one which is only determined by the intramolecular potentials. In spite of the disorder in the helices, an orientational short-range order is retained for sequences in adjacent chains. The degree of order is related to the defect concentration. The reorientation of the CF2 group resulting from the formation and motion of the twin defects occurs with rates in the range of 10-100 GHz. Orientational short-range order leads to a slowing down.


Document date is essential for many important tasks, such as document retrieval, summarization, event detection, etc. While existing approaches for these tasks assume accurate knowledge of the document date, this is not always available, especially for arbitrary documents from the Web. Document Dating is a challenging problem which requires inference over the temporal structure of the document. Prior document dating systems have largely relied on handcrafted features while ignoring such document-internal structures. In this paper, we propose NeuralDater, a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based document dating approach which jointly exploits syntactic and temporal graph structures of document in a principled way. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of deep learning for the problem of document dating. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we find that NeuralDater significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baseline by 19% absolute (45% relative) accuracy points.


We apply here a forecasting model to the Italian region for the spatio-temporal distribution of seismicity based on a smoothing Kernel function, Coulomb stress variations, and a rate-and-state friction law. We tested the feasibility of this approach, and analyzed the importance of introducing time-dependency in forecasting future events. The change in seismicity rate as a function of time was estimated by calculating the Coulomb stress change imparted by large earthquakes. We applied our approach to the region of Italy, and used all of the cataloged earthquakes that occurred up to 2006 to generate the reference seismicity rate. For calculation of the time-dependent seismicity rate changes, we estimated the rate-and-state stress transfer imparted by all of the ML≥4.0 earthquakes that occurred during 2007 and 2008. To validate the results, we first compared the reference seismicity rate with the distribution of ML≥1.8 earthquakes since 2007, using both a non-declustered and a declustered catalog. A positive correlation was found, and all of the forecast earthquakes had locations within 82% and 87% of the study area with the highest seismicity rate, respectively. Furthermore, 95% of the forecast earthquakes had locations within 27% and 47% of the study area with the highest seismicity rate, respectively. For the time-dependent seismicity rate changes, the number of events with locations in the regions with a seismicity rate increase was 11% more than in the regions with a seismicity rate decrease.


We use cooperative game theory to analyze the strategic impact of three controversial pipeline projects. Two of them, Nord Stream and South Stream, allow Russian gas to bypass transit countries, Ukraine and Belarus. Nord Stream's strategic value turns out to be huge, justifying the high investment cost for Germany and Russia. The additional leverage obtained through South Stream, in contrast, appears small. The third project, Nabucco, aims at diversifying Europe's gas imports by accessing producers in Middle East and Central Asia. The project has a large potential to curtail Russia's power, but the benefits accrue mainly to Turkey, while the gains for the EU are negligible.


"Fan" culture in the guise of fan-created works like fanfiction, fanart, and fanvids is often connected in the popular imagination with the Internet. However, "fandom" has existed for as long as stories have been told. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories inspired a passionate fandom, long before the age of the Internet. Despite their persistence, fanworks have long existed in a nebulous gray area of copyright law. Determining if any given fanwork is infringing requires a fair use analysis. While paying lip service to a requirement of aesthetic neutrality, such analyses tend to become bogged down in unarticulated artistic judgments that hinge on a court's personal interpretations of the work in question. One outcome of this emphasis on aesthetic value has been a de-emphasis of the market harm factor of fair use, whose examination has come to be subsumed by courts' aesthetic judgments. This de-emphasis of the financial aspect of fair use has strong implications for the realm of fanworks. Fanworks have historically been considered to have little aesthetic value by the dominant culture, which can lead to a knee-jerk finding of infringement in an aesthetic-based fair use analysis. However, both old, venerable fandoms like Sherlock Holmes and new works funded by Kickstarters tell us that fanworks can actually enable further creativity by the copyright-holder and increase the value of the original work rather than detracting from it. Shifting the focus of fair use to a market-based approach would prioritize economic returns over artistic opinions. This can correct the imbalance worked by aesthetic value judgments of free works that cause no economic harm, recognizing that fandoms often operate as market facilitators, not market rivals. This Article examines the phenomenon of fandom and its effect on the original works that have inspired it through the medium of both "old" fandoms that pre-date the Internet age and "new" fandoms that have come of age in a digital world. This Article argues that active fandoms producing a large amount of fanworks tend to aid the goals of copyright. It further posits that fair use analyses should be re-focused on ensuring a meaningful examination of the effect on the market factor that avoids the taint of the courts' aesthetic judgments. A renewed appreciation for the effect on the market factor would result in a more accurate application of the fair use doctrine that would acknowledge the role of fanworks and their participatory culture in supporting the economic incentive motivation of copyright.


In this essay, Prof. Siegel identifies several uses of transnational perspectives in first-year constitutional law: (1) comparing American constitutional arrangements to those in other countries; (2) teaching international law and foreign legal experiences when relevant to U.S. litigation in the war on terror; and (3) examining the U.S. Supreme Court's invocations of foreign legal practices. These uses are illustrated with examples from doctrinal areas that are covered in his course. While each use serves a distinct pedagogical purpose, cumulatively they underscore the increasing importance of transnational legal perspectives in U.S. constitutional law. He concludes, however, with a cautionary note. Selectivity and modesty are warranted, he suggests, because the course appropriately focuses on the United States, teaching time is scarce, coverage tradeoffs abound, the subject matter is complex, and one cannot easily construct transnational examples that are both intellectually serious and pedagogically tractable.


Latinx literature's historical interest in the cultural, social, and political dynamics of gender plays as central a role in its long and varied discursive tradition as any other major thematic concern. Since the 19th century, representations of life in Latinx communities inhabiting what increasingly became the territory of the United States put the forces and conflicts of culturally based gender differences center stage, whether those differences came from within a culture, whose values shifted when it moved to a new geographic setting, or from without, when a culture confronted the differing values of an often dominant, oppressive other. Latinx literature is too vast and varied to accommodate a comprehensive account of these shifts and currents. But one can see a steady move away from the rigid binary logic of gender difference inherited from the traditional cis-hetero-patriarchal mindset of colonial Spanish-Catholic rule, a mindset that, historically, overwhelmed whatever more fluid or ambiguous formations of gender and sexuality circulated through indigenous American societies. That steady move cannot be traced in a single line or direction, but it does clearly demonstrate a greater opening of the possibility of dislodging gendered styles of expression from the particular anatomical manifestations of sexed bodies, as well as a greater opening of the possibility for mixed lines of attraction and desire between, within, and even beyond genders. While much liberatory work remains to be done in the actual world, Latinx literature has increasingly opened itself up to more inclusive, affirmative representations of nonnormative lives under the signs of sexuality and gender.


The pathogenesis of malarial anemia is multifactorial, and the mechanisms responsible for its high mortality are poorly understood. Studies indicate that host mediators produced during malaria infection may suppress erythroid progenitor development (Miller, K.L., J.C. Schooley, K.L. Smith, B. Kullgren, L.J. Mahlmann, and P.H. Silverman. 1989. Exp. Hematol. 17:379–385; Yap, G.S., and M.M. Stevenson. 1991. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 628:279–281). We describe an intrinsic role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the development of the anemic complications and bone marrow suppression that are associated with malaria infection. At concentrations found in the circulation of malaria-infected patients, MIF suppressed erythropoietin-dependent erythroid colony formation. MIF synergized with tumor necrosis factor and γ interferon, which are known antagonists of hematopoiesis, even when these cytokines were present in subinhibitory concentrations. MIF inhibited erythroid differentiation and hemoglobin production, and it antagonized the pattern of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation that normally occurs during erythroid progenitor differentiation. Infection of MIF knockout mice with Plasmodium chabaudi resulted in less severe anemia, improved erythroid progenitor development, and increased survival compared with wild-type controls. We also found that human mononuclear cells carrying highly expressed MIF alleles produced more MIF when stimulated with the malarial product hemozoin compared with cells carrying low expression MIF alleles. These data suggest that polymorphisms at the MIF locus may influence the levels of MIF produced in the innate response to malaria infection and the likelihood of anemic complications.


We use the notion of A-compact sets, which are determined by a Banach operator ideal A, to show that most classic results of certain approximation properties and several Banach operator ideals can be systematically studied under this framework. We say that a Banach space enjoys the A-approximation property if the identity map is uniformly approximable on A-compact sets by finite rank operators. The Grothendieck's classic approximation property is the K-approximation property for K the ideal of compact operators and the p-approximation property is obtained as the N -approximation property for N p the ideal of right p-nuclear operators. We introduce a way to measure the size of A-compact sets and use it to give a norm on KA, the ideal of A-compact operators. Most of our results concerning the operator Banach ideal KA are obtained for right-accessible ideals A. For instance, we prove that KA is a dual ideal, it is regular and we characterize its maximal hull. A strong concept of approximation property, which makes use of the norm defined on KA, is also addressed. Finally, we obtain a generalization of Schwartz theorem with a revisited ǫ-product.


This updated and revised textbook for the middle school reader is an engaging and balanced account of New Mexico from earliest times to the present. The authors present a comprehensive introduction to geographic features as well as to the social, economic, and political events that have shaped the state's development. The first nine chapters cover New Mexico's prehistory and settlement prior to 1846; another six chapters focus on New Mexico as part of the United States. The narrative is enriched by special interest features, timelines, and over a hundred illustrations. Additionally, an optional companion to the book is a separate teacher's guide, which has lesson plans keyed to the state's instructional standards for social studies, answers to section and chapter reviews, four different types of student activity worksheets, tests and answer keys, bibliographies, and resource suggestions. Now in its fourth edition, this book has been the best available New Mexico textbook for middle school teachers for nearly twenty-five years.


In the last decade a lively debate arose in the Scandinavian countries on their sterilization policy. Some monographs show that especially in Denmark and Sweden the social democratic governments favoured the sterilization of mentally handicapped and in particular socially disadvantaged persons regarding them as an obstacle in the construction of the welfare state. In this way, sterilization policy was seen as a part of the population and social policy. Analysing the sterilization practice in Norway from the 1930s to the 1970s this article comes to the conclusion that speaking about a conscious and consequently pursued policy of the social democratic governments seems not to be justified.


Liquidity demands in real-time gross settlement payment systems can be enormous. To reduce the liquidity requirement, central banks around the world have implemented liquidity savings mechanisms (LSMs). The most effective LSMs are those that economize on liquidity needs by matching offsetting payments that have been submitted to a central queue and settling these payments using only the liquidity needed to cover the net obligations. Maximizing the value of payments settled in a queue given available liquidity is computationally difficult. Existing centralized queuing systems do not always meet this objective. Even when they do, the resulting outcome does not necessarily maximize system welfare. This paper seeks to improve upon existing centralized netting queues by making two fundamental changes. First, instead of making decisions on how much liquidity to provide to the queue before netting arrangements are determined, banks receive take-it-or-leave-it offers that determine which of their payments will be settled as well as their share of the liquidity cost. Second, rather than attempting to maximize the value or volume of payments settled in the queue, I propose using information regarding the instantaneous benefits and costs of participants to define a welfare measure for any set of netted payments. The full benefits of these two changes are realized through an application of the Shapley value cost allocation method, which ensures welfare maximizing netting proposals are always accepted.


Nowadays model uncertainty has become one of the most important problems in both academia and industry. In this paper, we mainly consider the scenario in which we have a common model set used for model averaging instead of selecting a single final model via a model selection procedure to account for this model's uncertainty in order to improve reliability and accuracy of inferences. Here one main challenge is to learn the prior over the model set. To tackle this problem, we propose two data-based algorithms to get proper priors for model averaging. One is for meta-learner, the analysts should use historical similar tasks to extract the information about the prior. The other one is for base-learner, a subsampling method is used to deal with the data step by step. Theoretically, an upper bound of risk for our algorithm is presented to guarantee the performance of the worst situation. In practice, both methods perform well in simulations and real data studies, especially with poor quality data.


This two-volume report provides a methodology for estimating the life expectancies of major types of highway system assets, in a form useful to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and others, for use in lifecycle cost analyses that support management decision making. Volume 1 is a guidebook for applying the methodology in DOT asset management policies and programs. Volume 2 describes the technical issues and data needs associated with estimating asset life expectancies and the practices used in a number of fields—such as the energy and financial industries—to make such estimates.


Behavioral portfolio theory is a useful description of the behavior of investors and a basis for good prescriptions. In particular, this theory posits that investors construct their portfolios as layered pyramids, where the bottom layers are designed for downside protection, while top layers are designed for upside potential. Risk-aversion gives way to risk-seeking at the uppermost layers as need to avoid poverty give way to hope for riches. Some investors fill the uppermost layers with the few stocks of an undiversified portfolio while others fill them with lottery tickets. We might lament the fact that people are attracted to lotteries, or we might accept it and help people strike a balance between hope for riches and protection from poverty. This challenge faces governments that offer to their citizens both Social Security and lotteries, corporations that offer their employees both mutual funds and company stocks, and a financial services industry that offers its investors both bond funds and Internet stocks.


Energy management and carbon accounting schemes are increasingly being adopted as a corporate response to climate change. These schemes often demand the setting of ambitious targets for the reduction of corporate greenhouse gas emissions. There is however only limited empirical insight in the companies' target setting process and the auditing practice of certifying agencies that evaluate ambition levels of greenhouse gas reduction targets. We studied the target setting process of firms participating in the CO2 Performance Ladder. The CO2 Performance Ladder is a new certifiable scheme for energy management and carbon accounting that is used as a tool for green public procurement in the Netherlands. This study aimed at answering the question 'to what extent does the current target setting process in the CO2 Performance Ladder lead to ambitious CO2 emission reduction goals?'. The research methods were interviews with relevant stakeholders (auditors, companies and consultants), document reviews of the certification scheme, and an analysis of corporate target levels for the reduction of CO2 emissions. The research findings showed that several certification requirements for target setting for the reduction of CO2 emissions were interpreted differently by the various actors and that the conformity checks by the auditors did not include a full assessment of all certification requirements. The research results also indicated that corporate CO2 emission reduction targets were not very ambitious. The analysis of the target setting process revealed that there was a semi-structured bottom-up auditing practice for evaluating the corporate CO2 emission reduction targets, but the final assessment whether target levels were sufficiently ambitious were rather loose. The main conclusion is that the current target setting process in the CO2 Performance Ladder did not necessarily lead to establishing the most ambitious goals for CO2 emission reduction. This process and the tools to assess the ambition level of the CO2 emission reduction targets need further improvement in order to maintain the CO2 Performance Ladder as a valid tool for green public procurement.


Abstract This study evaluated the ability of bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) patches to contribute to the understory diversity of southeastern Ohio's mixed oak forests by providing unique microenvironments embedded within the larger mixed vegetation matrix. Twenty bigtooth aspen patches and adjacent mixed oak forest were selected for study. Microenvironmental parameters were assessed in both the patch and surrounding matrix and included light, relative humidity, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, nitrate, texture, pH, O and A horizon depth, organic matter content, and cation (Mg, Ca, P, K, Al) availability. Spring and summer vegetation surveys were conducted to investigate differences in floristic composition between aspen patches and surrounding forest. A MANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.001) differences in the microenvironment between aspen patches and the oak matrix resulting from differences in soil texture, organic matter content, soil and air temperature, soil pH, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum availability. Vegetation surveys demonstrated that aspen patches had greater vegetative cover (P < 0.05) and species richness (summer survey only; P < 0.05) than the surrounding mixed oak forest. However, ordinations did not reveal distinct compositional differences based upon the presence or absence of aspen, suggesting that although community structure and environment differs between aspen patches and control forest, bigtooth aspen does not support a distinct and consistent flora beneath their canopy.


A Passion for Nature. The Life of John Muir. By Donald Worster. Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. 543 pp. $34.95, £18.99. ISBN 9780195166828. Drawing on Muir's private correspondence, Worster offers a detailed, scholarly account of his subject's experiences, friendships, and foundational role in the American conservationist movement.


The purpose of this study was to understand middle school teachers' perspectives on the role of homework. Approximately 118 middle school teachers volunteered to complete open-ended surveys describing their perceptions regarding the effectiveness of homework. Qualitative analysis revealed teachers identified several instructional and non-instructional reasons for having to complete homework including: practice, reinforcement, review, responsible, and multiples of the aforementioned categories. Additional findings describe differences related with time spent on homework, assessing process and using homework for instructional and review. Implications describe both the ambiguous and inconsistent homework practices diminishing effective instruction. Further, findings identify the indecisiveness regarding homework assignments, and teacher motivation.


A case study is presented which illustrates the benefit of including isochron analysis when analyzing amplitudes influenced by tuning. Since tuning influences the waveform, it also influences the isochron measured from a nearby event to the target. The model which explains the amplitude anomaly must also explain the isochron variation. The approach presented here is a fast and simple way to corroborate more sophisticated methods such as impedance inversion, and to compare the likelihood of various model scenarios.


Amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity varies from asymptomatic serum aminotransferase elevation to severe liver disease. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase are known to be elevated in amiodarone-induced liver damage. However, no study in the literature has reported that gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is elevated in this condition. Described is the case of an 82-year-old female patient with elevated GGT while using oral amiodarone for rapid response atrial fibrillation. The GGT level decreased after amiodarone was discontinued. GGT elevation was considered to be a potentially prominent drug side effect according to the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/ Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method scale. GGT is found in biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. GGT elevation may be due to drug or alcohol use. Histological changes in alcoholic liver disease and those in liver injury due to amiodarone toxicity are similar. It is thought that amiodarone-induced liver injury and GGT elevation are related to this histological similarity.


First principles molecular dynamics has been used to investigate the structural, vibrational, and energetic properties of [Ca(H2O)n]2+ clusters with n=1–9, and the hydration shell of a calcium ion in a periodically repeated box with 54 water molecules. We find that, while stable highly symmetric Ca–water clusters can be formed with up to eight water molecules, the n=9 cluster dissociates into the last stable [Ca(H2O8]2+ complex. In solution the first hydration shell around the Ca2+ ion contains six water molecules in an octahedral arrangement. The electronic structure of nearest neighbor hydration shell water molecules has been examined with a localized orbital analysis. The average dipole moments of hydration water molecules was found to be increased by about 0.4 Debye relative to that of pure water.


We consider a complex recyclable waste collection problem that extends the class of vehicle routing problems with intermediate facilities by integrating a heterogeneous fixed fleet and a flexible assignment of origin and destination depot. Several additional side constraints, such as a mandated break period contingent on tour start time, multiple vehicle capacities and site dependencies are also included. This specific problem was inspired by a real-world application and does not appear in the literature. It is modeled as an MILP which is enhanced with several valid inequalities. Due to the rich nature of the problem, state-of-the-art commercial solvers are only able to tackle instances of small to medium size. To solve realistic instances, we propose a local search heuristic capable of systematically treating all problem features and general enough to respond to the varying characteristics of the case study regions for which it is intended. The results show that the heuristic achieves optimality on small random instances, exhibits competitive performance in comparison to state-of-the-art solution methods for special cases of our problem, and leads to important savings in the state of practice. Moreover, it highlights and quantifies the savings from allowing a flexible assignment of origin and destination depot. The data from the state of practice comes from a recyclable waste collection company in Geneva, Switzerland.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of political advertising on voter attitude and the processes of decision-making in the specific context of the inaugural democratic experience of post-revolutionary Tunisia.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in Tunisia, where the target respondents included Tunisian's eligible to vote during the presidential campaign of October 2014. The study uses questionnaires for data collection using a convenience sampling technique.

Findings
The major findings of the study are that the persuasion power of advertising has a direct impact on voter involvement, trust and attitude towards voting. Specifically, involvement significantly influences a voter's attitude. The hypothesis on the impact of trust on attitude, and the hypothesis related to the mediating role of trust and involvement were rejected.

Research limitations/implications
The study recommends specialists in political advertising and politicians themselves give consideration to the trust and involvement considerations of the Tunisian voter, to enhance and optimize the quality and credibility of political advertising in the future.

Practical implications
The research offers some interesting findings for professionals in political advertising, for companies operating in political research, or advertising agencies. In this context, advertising agencies need to give prescient consideration to the trust of the voter by developing a credible and believable discourse.

Social implications
In the context of a nascent democracy, it is very important to educate people so they become familiarized with the practices of democracy, and to give them the ability to make the right choice. The study recommends specialists in political advertising and also politicians give consideration to the trust and involvement considerations of the Tunisian voter, to enhance and optimize the quality and credibility of political advertising.

Originality/value
This research paper related to political advertising can be used to formulate appropriate political advertising strategies and to ameliorate and optimize the advertising discourse in the context of a nascent democracy.


Human transportation patterns have continued to shift and increase in rate as technology has made travel between spatially disparate locations more feasible. These movements are responsible for approximately one third of global carbon emissions, and account for one half of Vermont's greenhouse gas output. Modeling transportation behaviors is difficult due to changing travel patterns and issues of surveying human participants. Long distance travel patterns are especially difficult and have not received the attention that urban mobility has within the literature. In this Masters thesis, I describe current methods of transportation data collection and propose new methods, as well as attempt to quantify the impact on Vermont's roadways of the transportation-based tourism sector. In the first chapter of this thesis, I describe a GPS-based travel survey conducted over the course of one year, coupled with interview data of long distance trips undertaken by 10 participants. Long distance travel has historically been underrepresented in travel surveying due to its infrequency, resulting in decreased likelihood of capturing a long distance trip in a short travel study. By extracting points at intervals from the GPS dataset, it becomes possible to determine accuracy of trip matching between the two datasets with adjusted data collection methods. The second chapter examines transportation related to tourism in Vermont. As one of Vermont's largest industry sectors, economic impact has been of particular interest to state planners. However, limited analyses of the transportation impacts of this sector are currently available. My research models route choice of drive through tourists, whom constitute 40% of visitors, attempting to begin quantifying tourist mileage and CO2 emissions within the state. Together, these studies expand knowledge on long distance transport data collection and the role of tourism in Vermont's transportation mileage.


Patient identifiable factors have been identified in maternal deaths and in the main, these are related to antenatal care. There is a need to support family-centred maternity care. This can be done by promoting antenatal care, preventing harmful practices, providing complete information on a birth plan including transport arrangements and home-based life-saving skills. Moreover, if health care workers and families are to work as a team to minimise complications associated with pregnancy, women and their families should be treated with respect and care.


How Tomcat Works is the only book that explains the internal workings of Tomcat, the open source project used by millions of Java developers. Unlike other Tomcat titles, it is unique because it does not simply covers the configuration or servlet development with Tomcat. Rather, this book is meant for advanced readers interested in writing their own Tomcat modules or in understanding more beyond servlet/JSP programming. The authors of this book have cracked open Tomcat 4 and 5 and revealed the internal workings of each component. Upon understanding the contents of this book, you will be able to develop your own Tomcat components or extend the existing ones. In particular, this book explains: - How to develop Java web servers - Whether or not more Tomcat creates more than one instance for each servlet - How Tomcat runs a servlet that implements the SingleThreadModel interface - Why you cannot change the value of request parameters. - The two main modules of a servlet container: connector and container - How to build your own connector or extend the existing ones - The four types of containers: engine, host, context, wrapper - How Tomcat manages sessions and how to extend the session manager in a distributed environment. - The class loader and how to create custom loaders - How Tomcat implements security and basic/form-based/digest authentication - How realms and login configuration work. - How Tomcat processes the configuration file (server.xml) and converts the XML elements to Java objects using Digester - Tomcat's shutdown hook - JMX, Apache's Commons Modeler, and Tomcat JMX manageable resources


During the third decade of XX century in the administrative machine of Lithuanian government the old officialdom, which has graduated studies in czarist Russia was dominant. The main attribute of that generation of officials was experience of life together with the maladies inherited from Russia, namely: sycophancy, patronage, reserve and reserved view to innovations. However already in the fourth decade [the second decade of independent Lithuania] the new young administrations, graduates of the Western and Lithuanian schools started work at the institutions of public administration. The functional style of public administration, that was dominant at that time in Western countries was more acceptable for them. The interwar Lithuania was a young nation which faced a lot difficulties, typical for the nations with the lack of management experience: malpractice of the officials, lack the education, instability of legal system etc. During the last decade of interwar Lithuania the government was putting its efforts to rationalize management taking into account the influence of global economical crisis and public opinion.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and current treatment regimens are only marginally effective. One of the most vexing and malignant aspects of GBM is its pervasive infiltration into surrounding brain tissue. This review describes the role of the Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) and its relationship to GBM. WT1 has several alternative splicing products, one of which, the KTS(+) variant, has been demonstrated to be involved in the transcriptional activation of a variety of oncogenes as well as the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes. Further, this paper will examine the relationship of WT1 with CD97, a gene that codes for an epidermal growth factor receptor family member, an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, thought to promote tumor invasiveness and migration. The authors suggest that further research into WT1 and CD97 will allow clinicians to begin to deal more effectively with the infiltrative behavior displayed by GBM and design new therapies that target this deadly disease.


Over the last decades, Peru has experienced an extraordinary rise of low-fee private schools (LFPSs). While global debates on the quality of this modality of schooling have been gaining currency, research on the organizational practices of LFPSs remains comparatively underdeveloped. This paper aims at identifying and describing the managerial, business and organizational practices exhibited by Peruvian LFPSs– and at understanding them in relation to the social norms and institutional arrangements specific to the context in which they operate. The study draws on a combination of archival analysis, interviews with decision-makers, and interviews with school owners and principals. The results of our research show that the specificities of the socioeconomic, cultural and regulative environments in which Peruvian LFPSs operate have led to the consolidation of a particular subsistence model of LFPS where profit-making appears to play a limited role. This model is also characterized by the low formalization of management routines, the impossibility to generate economies of scale, and the reliance on interpersonal trust as a means to reduce risk – in a context of low bureaucratization and limited regulatory oversight. We argue that, in view of the distinctly low achievement levels of Peruvian LFPSs, gaining a fine-grained understanding of their organizational practices (and the incentives they respond to) remains a relevant task, and a necessary step to devise effective policy strategies.


Abstract The Act on Subdivision of Agricultural Land (Act 70 of 1970) prohibits the subdivision of agricultural land in South Africa's commercial areas into "uneconomic" units. In a new dispensation optimal, rather than minimum farm sizes should be pursued. The optimal farm size is theoretically not the same for any two farmers. The better manager will have the larger farm over the long run. The above principle was empirically tested in the Vaalharts Irrigation area by means of cross sectional regression equations with gross income as dependent variable. The result confirms the following: i) If management is ignored, constant returns to size is encountered; and ii) when managerial quality is however included in the model as independent variable, increasing returns to scale is found. This result thus supports the theory and a general conclusion is that optimal farm size is a function of management.


The present thesis focuses on elastic waves behaviour in ordinary structures as well as in acousto-elastic metamaterials via numerical and experimental applications.

After a brief introduction on the behaviour of elastic guided waves in the framework of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) and on the study of elastic waves propagation in acousto-elastic metamaterials, dispersion curves for thin-walled beams and arbitrary cross-section waveguides are extracted via Semi-Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) methods. Thus, a novel strategy tackling signal dispersion to locate defects in irregular waveguides is proposed and numerically validated. Finally, a time-reversal and laser-vibrometry based procedure for impact location is numerically and experimentally tested.

In the second part, an introduction and a brief review of the basic definitions necessary to describe acousto-elastic metamaterials is provided. A numerical approach to extract dispersion properties in such structures is highlighted. Afterwards, solid-solid and solid-fluid phononic systems are discussed via numerical applications. In particular, band structures and transmission power spectra are predicted for 1P-2D, 2P-2D and 2P-3D phononic systems. In addition, attenuation bands in the ultrasonic as well as in the sonic frequency regimes are experimentally investigated. In the experimental validation, PZTs in a pitch-catch configuration and laser vibrometric measurements are performed on a PVC phononic plate in the ultrasonic frequency range and sound insulation index is computed for a 2P-3D phononic barrier in the sonic frequency range. In both cases the numerical-experimental results comparison confirms the existence of the numerical predicted band-gaps.

Finally, the feasibility of an innovative passive isolation strategy based on giant elastic metamaterials is numerically proved to be practical for civil structures. In particular, attenuation of seismic waves is demonstrated via finite elements analyses. Further, a parametric study shows that depending on the soil properties, such an earthquake-proof barrier could lead to significant reduction of the superstructure displacement.


In order to promote the performance-based design methods used in civil engineering field, from the concept and approach of structure performance, the basic requirements of structural performance design are analysed, and the factors which need considering when choosing performance indexes are considered, and based on the existing structure design code, a three-level performance index system on structural life-cycle performance design is constructed, including risk performance index, technical performance index and material performance index. Each level performance index includes multi-parameters of performance design to control structural life-cycle performance from different angles. For the structural technical performance, three new performance indexes are put forward, which are the diffusion depth of deleterious mediums, the corrosion degree of steel bar and the corrosive crack width, as controlling indexes of durability design for concrete structures. Designers may choose different performance indexes for controlling the structure design to meet the individual requirements of owners or users.


Abstract Commissioning shots have commenced at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Within a year, the 192 laser beam facility will be operational and the experimental phase will begin. At each shot, the emitted neutrons will interact with the facility's surroundings, activating them, especially inside the target bay where the neutron flux is the highest. We are calculating the dose from those activated structures and objects in order to plan and minimize worker exposure during maintenance and normal NIF operation. This study presents the results of the activation analysis of the optics of the Final Optics Assemblies (FOA), which are a key contributor to worker exposure. There are 48 FOAs weighting three tons each, and routine change-out and maintenance of optics and optics modules is expected. We found that the effective dose from any optics is negligible 6 days after the last shot, and that the effective dose from frames is low but should be minimized not to reach the dose limit.


There are two distinct taxa of White-breasted thrasher Ramphocinclus bra¬chyurus : the sub-species R.b. brachyurus inhabits Martinique where it is limited to a small area covering approximately 5 km² located on the Caravelle peninsula, and the sub-species R.b. sanctaeluciae, which inhabits the north-east coast of Saint Lucia.


We give a new characterization of $\mathsf{NL}$ as the class of languages
whose members have certificates that can be verified with small error in
polynomial time by finite state machines that use a constant number of random
bits, as opposed to its conventional description in terms of deterministic
logarithmic-space verifiers. It turns out that allowing two-way interaction
with the prover does not change the class of verifiable languages, and that no
polynomially bounded amount of randomness is useful for constant-memory
computers when used as language recognizers, or public-coin verifiers. A
corollary of our main result is that the class of outcome problems
corresponding to O(log n)-space bounded games of incomplete information where
the universal player is allowed a constant number of moves equals NL.


In terms of zinc, lead, and silver metal endowment, the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of northern Australia rank number one in the world. The Mt Isa-McArthur basin system hosts five supergiant, stratiform, sedimentary rock-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits (McArthur River, Century, Mt Isa, Hilton, and George Fisher), and one supergiant stratabound Ag-Pb-Zn deposit (Cannington). The major stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits exhibit many similar geological and geochemical features that include: 1) location close to regionally extensive normal and strike-slip synsedimentary faults, 2) organic-rich black shale and siltstone host rocks, 3) laminated, bedding-parallel synsedimentary sulfide minerals, 4) stacked ore lenses separated by pyritic and Fe-Mn carbonate-bearing siltstones, 5) lateral zonation exhibiting an increasing Zn/Pb ratio away from the feeder fault, 6) vertical zonation exhibiting decreasing Zn/Pb ratio up-stratigraphy, 7) an extensive stratabound halo of iron- and manganese-rich alteration in the sedimentary rocks surrounding and along strike from ore, 8) a broad range of 34S values for sulfide minerals, from about 0 to 20 per mil, with pyrite exhibiting a greater spread than base metal sulfides, and 9) lead isotope ratios that indicate derivation of lead from intrabasinal sources with interpreted lead model ages being similar to the measured zircon U-Pb ages of the host rocks. These common features demonstrate that the stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag ores formed approximately contemporaneously with sedimentation and (or) diagenesis.

Numerical modelling of fluid flow and heat transport in sedimentary basins suggests that free convection, driven by density changes in sedimentary brines, may be the most important process in forming giant SEDEX deposits. In response to periods of active tectonism during the sag phase of sedimentation, extensional faults are reactivated such that they penetrate the shale and/ or carbonate cap rocks to depths of several kilometres and access fluids contained in the rift phase clastic reservoir. The deep metalliferous brines ascend the faults and discharge on, or close-to, the basin floor. Metal precipitation occurs in the anoxic, organic-rich sub-basins developing adjacent to the syn-sedimentary feeder faults.


Haloacetamides are disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed through chlorine/chloramine disinfection processes in drinking waters and have been recently highlighted in the US national Reconnaissance Survey. These species occur at low concentrations, but have been determined to have high cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and therefore may represent a human health hazard. Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) which utilize free radical reactions are new alternatives to degrade these species. This study reports the absolute bimolecular reaction rate constants for 12 haloacetamides with •OH radical and hydrated electron. The •OH radical reaction rates varied from 5.18 × 10 7 to 1.14 × 10 10 M −1 s −1 , and hydrated electron reaction rates varied from 5.00 × 10 9 to 3.64 × 10 10 M −1 s −1 . Results obtained using an ion chromatograph indicated that ARPs are suitable for dehaloliazation of haloacetamides. These data are required for both evaluating AO/RPs for the destruction of these compounds and for studies of their fate and transport in surface waters where radical chemistry may be important in assessing their lifetime.


Although industrial plants, known as Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) sites, exist in every major city of the United States releasing billions of pounds of toxic substances annually, there is little evidence about how these pollutants might harm child development and children's long run outcomes. Using the detailed geocoded data that follows national representative cohorts of children born to the NLSY respondents over time with detailed information on families, locations, health, disability and labor market outcomes, I compare siblings who were gestating before versus after a TRI site opened or closed within one mile of their home. In other words, I compare siblings in the same family whose family does not move between births where one or more child was exposed to TRI pollution during gestation and other siblings were not exposed because the plant opened or closed in between the conceptions of different children in the same family. I find that children who were exposed prenatally to TRI pollution have lower wages, are more likely to be in poverty as adults, have fewer years of completed education, are less likely to graduate high school, and are more likely to have a disability.


In this paper, we a) study the consequences of parenthood on earnings trajectories over the life-course, and b) analyze the impact of timing of parenthood on cumulative earnings in Sweden. We argue that parenthood can have long-term impacts on earnings trajectories, which can accumulate into considerable effects over time. Such cumulative effects can shape socioeconomic and gender inequalities in earnings and at later age, pensions. We analyze data from Swedish population registers, using the full cohorts of men and women born 1972-81. Our findings indicate that parenthood has negative effects on women's and small effects on men's earnings trajectories. Over time, the former accumulate into major parenthood penalties. These penalties are smaller for women who postpone motherhood due to the shorter time these women have been exposed to motherhood penalties. Parenthood timing can thus affect long-term gender and socioeconomic earnings inequalities.


Rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among women with early-stage breast cancer continue to rise in the United States, despite a lack of evidence for any survival benefit associated with this surgery (1,2). While many studies have robustly evaluated medical outcomes, including survival and risk of contralateral breast cancer, less is known about the psychosocial impact of CPM in breast cancer patients who undergo this procedure.


Aim/Purpose: Blockchain technology (BCT) has emerged as a potential catalyst for transforming government institutions and services, yet the adoption of blockchain in governments faces various challenges, for which previous studies have yet to provide practical solutions.

Background: This study aims to identify and analyse barriers, potential solutions, and their relations in implementing BC for governments through a systematic literature review (SLR). The authors grouped the challenges based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework while exercising a thematic grouping for the solutions, followed by a comprehensive mapping to unveil the relationship between challenges and solutions.

Methodology: This study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 methodology, combined with the tollgate method, to improve the quality of selected articles. The authors further administer a three-level approach (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) to analyse the challenges and solutions from the articles.

Contribution: The authors argue that this study enriches the existing literature on BC adoption, particularly in the government context, by providing a comprehensive framework to analyse and address the unique challenges and solutions, thus contributing to the development of new theories and models for future research in BC adoption in government settings and fostering deeper exploration in the field.

Findings: The authors have unveiled 40 adoption challenges categorised using the TOE framework. The most prevalent technological challenges include security concerns and integration & interoperability, while cultural resistance, lack of support and involvement, and employees' capability hinder adoption at the organisational level. Notably, the environmental dimension lacks legal and standard frameworks. The study further unveils 28 potential solutions, encompassing legal frameworks, security and privacy measures, collaboration and governance, technological readiness and infrastructure, and strategic planning and adoption. The authors of the study have further mapped the solutions to the identified challenges, revealing that the establishment of legal frameworks stands out as the most comprehensive solution.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Our findings provide a big picture regarding BC adoption for governments around the globe. This study charts the problems commonly encountered by government agencies and presents proven solutions in their wake. The authors endeavour practitioners, particularly those in governments, to embrace our findings as the cornerstone of BC/BCT adoption. These insights can aid practitioners in identifying existing or potential obstacles in adopting BC, pinpointing success factors, and formulating strategies tailored to their organisations.

Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could extend this study by making an in-depth analysis of challenges or solutions in specific types of countries, such as developed and developing countries, as the authors believe this approach would yield more insights. Researchers could also test, validate, and verify the mapping in this study to improve the quality of the study further and thus can be a great aid for governments to adopt BC/BCT fully.

Impact on Society: This study provides a comprehensive exploration of BC adoption in the government context, offering detailed explanations and valuable insights that hold significant value for government policymakers and decision-makers, serving as a bedrock for successful implementation by addressing roadblocks and emphasising the importance of establishing a supportive culture and structure, engaging stakeholders, and addressing security and privacy concerns, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of BC adoption in government institutions and services.

Future Research: Future research should address the limitations identified in this study by expanding the scope of the literature search to include previously inaccessible sources and exploring alternative frameworks to capture dynamic changes and contextual factors in BC adoption. Additionally, rigorous scrutiny, review, and testing are essential to establish the practical and theoretical validity of the identified solutions, while in-depth analyses of country-specific and regional challenges will provide valuable insights into the unique considerations faced by different governments.


Herein ultralow density aerogels are developed through a feasible freeze casting technique. Briefly, the syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) gel was prepared using xylene and subjected to successive steps of solvent exchange using non-solvents like ethanol and water. These samples were freeze-dried to obtain aerogels of the same shape and size as gels. The aerogels obtained exhibited the lowest ever dielectric constant of any polymer aerogel (κ = 1.03 ± 0.02), which is very close to that of air. Moreover, while analyzing the crystal structure, it was observed that the water derived sPS aerogel existed in the empty δ (δe) form, with microcavities in the crystal lattice in addition to meso and macroporosity. However, annealing at different temperatures yielded aerogels with different polymorphic forms without microporosity leading to slight variations in the dielectric constant. The microporosity in the crystalline state along with the lower density of the material were proven to be the major contributing factors to the lowest ever reported dielectric constant of the sPS aerogel. The sPS aerogels with an ultra low dielectric constant, very high hydrophobicity and adequate mechanical strength can stand as an alternative to conventional brittle inorganic aerogels.


Our newly digital world is generating an almost unimaginable amount of data about all of us. Such a vast amount of data is useless without plans and strategies that are designed to cope with its size and complexity, and which enable organisations to leverage the information to create value. This book is a refreshingly practical, yet theoretically sound roadmap to leveraging big data and analytics. Creating Value with Big Data Analytics provides a nuanced view of big data development, arguing that big data in itself is not a revolution but an evolution of the increasing availability of data that has been observed in recent times. Building on the authors extensive academic and practical knowledge, this book aims to provide managers and analysts withstrategic directions and practical analytical solutions on how to create value from existing and new big data. By tying data and analytics to specific goals and processes for implementation, this is a much-needed book that will be essential reading for students and specialists of data analytics, marketing research, and customer relationship management.


Despite the large volume of documented empirical studies in the existing literature concerning the export-led model in the last four decades, the exact connection between exports and economic growth remains largely unanswered. Indeed, both theoretical and empirical inquiries are still seeking for definite answers. Accordingly, this study employs the VAR technique to empirically assess the applicability of the export-led growth model in the context of Namibia through the help of quarterly time-series data-sets for the period covering 1990 to 2012. In this regard, the study tested for the existence of a long-run relationship between exports and economic growth. The results of the unit root test indicated that, foreign direct investment and exchange rate variables attained a stationary status in levels, while real gross domestic product and exports only became stationary after first differencing. The cointegration test suggests a stable long-run relationship among the variables used in the VAR specification. The Granger-causality test found a unidirectional relationship running from exports to economic growth. Therefore, the study recommends that trade policies which encourages export expansion should be aggressively pursuit by the government of Namibia, while simultaneously striving towards improving upon the competiveness of its exports in foreign markets.


ABSTRACT Cavity correlation functions, pair correlation functions, and bridge functions for the Lennard-Jones fluid are calculated from first Percus–Yevick (PY) theory and second-order Percus– Yevick (PY2) theory, molecular dynamics, and grand canonical Monte Carlo techniques. We find that the PY2 theory is significantly more accurate than the PY theory, especially at high density and near the critical point. The pair correlation function near the critical point has the expected slowly decaying long-range behaviour. However, we do not observe any long-range behaviour in the bridge function for the state points near the critical point we have simulated. However, we do note that the bridge function, which is usually negative near r = 0, becomes positive as r → 0. This behaviour is seen for the bridge functions computed from both PY2 and molecular dynamics, but not from PY.


Adopting a grounded theory methodology, the study describes how an event and pressure impact upon a process of deinstitutionalization and institutional change. Three case studies were theoretically sampled in relation to each other. They yielded mainly qualitative data from methods that included interviews, observations, participant observations, and document reviews. Each case consisted of a boundaried cluster of small enterprises that were not industry specific and were geographically dispersed. Overall findings describe how an event, i.e. a stimulus, causes disruption, which in turn may cause pressure. Pressure is then translated as a tension within the institutional environment, which is characterized by opposing forces that encourage institutional breakdown and institutional maintenance. Several contributions are made: Deinstitutionalization as a process is inextricable from the formation of institutions – both are needed to make sense of institutional change on a conceptual level but are also inseparable experientially in the field; stimuli are conceptually different to pressures; the historical basis of a stimulus may impact on whether pressure and institutional change occurs; pressure exists in a more dynamic capacity rather than only as a catalyst; institutional breakdown is a non-linear irregular process; ethical and survival pressures as new types were identified; institutional current, as an underpinning mechanism, influences how the tension between institutional breakdown and maintenance plays out.


BACKGROUND
Cortical-bone fragility is a common feature in osteoporosis that is linked to nonvertebral fractures. Regulation of cortical-bone homeostasis has proved elusive. The study of genetic disorders of the skeleton can yield insights that fuel experimental therapeutic approaches to the treatment of rare disorders and common skeletal ailments.

METHODS
We evaluated four patients with Pyle's disease, a genetic disorder that is characterized by cortical-bone thinning, limb deformity, and fractures; two patients were examined by means of exome sequencing, and two were examined by means of Sanger sequencing. After a candidate gene was identified, we generated a knockout mouse model that manifested the phenotype and studied the mechanisms responsible for altered bone architecture.

RESULTS
In all affected patients, we found biallelic truncating mutations in SFRP4, the gene encoding secreted frizzled-related protein 4, a soluble Wnt inhibitor. Mice deficient in Sfrp4, like persons with Pyle's disease, have increased amounts of trabecular bone and unusually thin cortical bone, as a result of differential regulation of Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in these two bone compartments. Treatment of Sfrp4-deficient mice with a soluble Bmp2 receptor (RAP-661) or with antibodies to sclerostin corrected the cortical-bone defect.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that Pyle's disease was caused by a deficiency of sFRP4, that cortical-bone and trabecular-bone homeostasis were governed by different mechanisms, and that sFRP4-mediated cross-regulation between Wnt and BMP signaling was critical for achieving proper cortical-bone thickness and stability. (Funded by the Swiss National Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.).


OBJECTIVES
Despite the growing number of AIDS cases in women reported, community-based interventions, which are essential in this context, are scarce and rarely evaluated. The aim of this study was to carry out a community-based research intervention, to develop and evaluate a set of STD/ AIDS prevention actions targeting the vulnerability of low income women population.

METHODS
The study was carried out in Monte Azul slum in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in the period 1998-1999. The following actions were put in place: training of health professionals from the local outpatient clinic, availability of prevention resources (male and female condoms), educational groups, educational materials and community radio programs. For evaluating intervention, data from four different research instruments were assessed: pre and post training testing of health professionals, monitoring of condom supply, direct observation of community activities, and record of health professionals and target population's voluntary statements during activities.

RESULTS
It was observed an increase in demand for male condom and an interest in female condoms. There were relevant gender and age differences in adhering to proposed activities. Although there were good results regarding sensitization and training of health professionals, their involvement in prevention activities was limited.

CONCLUSIONS
Strategies relating to codes, demands and specific interests of the local society, especially those related to gender roles, have successfully performed as preventive actions. Health professionals' overwork at the local outpatient clinic proved to be an important limitation for maintaining preventive actions.


The implementation of wireless power transfer in wireless communication systems opens up a new research area, known as wirelessly powered communications (WPC). In next-generation heterogeneous networks where ultradense small-cell base stations are deployed, simultaneous-wireless-information-and-power-transfer (SWIPT) is feasible over short ranges. One challenge for designing a WPC system is the severe near-far problem where a user attempts to decode an information-transfer (IT) signal in the presence of extremely strong SWIPT signals. Jointly quantizing the mixed signals causes the IT signal to be completely corrupted by quantization noise, and thus the SWIPT signals have to be suppressed in the analog domain. This motivates the design of a framework in this paper for analog spatial cancellation in a multiantenna WPC system. In the framework, an analog circuit consisting of simple phase shifters and adders is adapted to cancel the SWIPT signals by multiplying it with a cancellation matrix having unit-modulus elements and full rank, where the full rank retains the spatial-multiplexing gain of the IT channel. The unit-modulus constraints render the conventional zero-forcing method unsuitable. Therefore, this paper presents a novel systematic approach for constructing cancellation matrices. For the single-SWIPT-interferer case, the matrices are obtained as truncated Fourier/Hadamard matrices after compensating for propagation phase shifts over the SWIPT channel. For the more challenging multiple-SWIPT-interferer case, it is proposed that each row of the cancellation matrix is constructed as a Kronecker product of component vectors, with each component vectors designed to null the signal from a corresponding SWIPT interferer similarly as in the preceding case.