Teacher training is an issue or a problem since the field is not isolated from the general problems of higher education. After the duty of teacher training was assigned to universities in the early 1980s, some persistent problems were also transferred to the higher education remaining to be resolved. Moreover, new problems also emerged. Faculties of education in Turkey recently have become one of the most preferred faculties, which is good news because this development implied an improvement in the status of the teaching profession. But as of 2009-2010 academic year, like in the 70s, Higher Education Institution readopted the former practice which allowed Science & Arts faculties to train teachers in undergraduate programs. Thus, there emerges the risk of reversal from positive developments achieved in favor of the teaching profession so far. In many countries, a change in paradigm is on the agenda in terms of the teacher training programs and practices, the learning and teaching processes, and the roles of teachers. Recent approaches based on interpretive paradigm and critical theory have introduced new perspectives related to education, school, and teaching. In the next decades, some issues have to be redefined such as restructuring the school and the learning process, student and teacher roles, and school leadership and teaching. In this article, teacher education in developed countries has been reviewed in the context of "teacher standards" which have been a current issue before the policy makers and other stakeholders. Moreover, recent discussions and problems were reviewed in the light of teacher competencies and standards.


We conducted a national-scale survey on the haloacetic acids (HAAs) in the typical components of the Japanese diet. Combined with the findings of a previous study on multi-route HAA exposure, we estimated the actual relative contributions of drinking water ingestion to total HAA exposure and in this paper we discuss the necessary allocation factors for setting drinking water quality standard values of HAAs. The currently applied allocation (20%) was found to be unrealistically low and in need of appropriate adjustment. After determining the probability distribution of the relative contribution of each HAA, the rounded values corresponding to 0.05 and 0.1 cumulative probabilities were recommended for dichloroacetic acid (40%), trichloroacetic acid (30%), bromochloroacetic acid (30%) and bromodichloroacetic acid (60%) as their allocation factors. The direction of future investigations is discussed along with an overview of various sources of uncertainty. Ingestion exposure via diet and daily drinking water consumption were identified as priority factors.


Generic Spacecraft is the name of an evolving library of software that provides for simulation of a generic spacecraft that can orbit the Earth and land on the Moon (and, eventually, on Mars). This library is incorporated into the Langley Standard Realtime Simulation in C++ (LaSRS++) software framework. The generic-spacecraft simulation serves as a test bed for modeling spacecraft dynamics, propulsion, control systems, guidance, and displays. The Generic Spacecraft library supplements the LaSRS++ framework with an interface that facilitates the connection of new models into the LaSRS++ simulation by eliminating what would otherwise be the necessity of writing additional C++ classes to record data from the models and code to display values on graphical user interfaces (GUIs): The library includes routines for integrating new models into the LaSRS++ framework, identifying model inputs and outputs with full descriptions and units identified, recording data, and automatically generating graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The library is designed to be used in a manner similar to that of LaSRS++ software components for simulating vehicles other than the generic spacecraft. The user specifies (1) a spacecraft and individual models to be constructed and (2) connections between individual model inputs and outputs.


Presented by Now Look Here and Electric Moon in partnership with Brisbane Powerhouse

The story of a generation and the city that shaped it – told through the songs of The Go-Betweens.

When an old mixed tape is unearthed, four friends rewind to Brisbane in the 1990s. Through a series of monologues interwoven with the songs they loved, they relive the events which shattered friendships and scattered friends to the four corners of the world.

The Sound of a Finished Kiss is a new Australian musical celebrating the internationally-renowned song-writing talents of Robert Forster and Grant McLennan along with their evocation of Brisbane's unique subculture in the final decades of the twentieth century.

An exciting collaboration between acclaimed Brisbane companies Now Look Here (Splendour, The Seagull) and Electric Moon (Ziggy Stardust, In The Warm Room), The Sound of a Finished Kiss features Sandro Colarelli (Twelfth Night, Lady of the House of Love, Ziggy), Kat Henry (Deliverance, Woyzeck), Lucinda Shaw (Transformer, Silver Sircus) and Lucas Stibbard (Constellations, Boy Girl Wall).

The Sound of a Finished Kiss is supported by the Queensland Government through Arts Queensland and also by the Creative Sparks Fund, a partnership between the Queensland Government and Brisbane City Council to support local arts and culture in Brisbane.


Adrenocortical function was studied in rats after shampinealectomy, pinealectomy, or immunization against melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS). Pineals were stimulated to increase melatonin synthesis by blinding or exposure to 23 h of darkness daily. Blinding elevated morning corticosterone levels without altering the corticosterone response to novelty stimulation. Among blinded animals, pinealectomy partially reversed and immunization completely reversed the elevations in morning steroid levels. Exposure to short daily photoperiods flattened the diurnal corticosterone rhythm. Pinealectomy did not affect morning corticosterone levels but reduced evening corticosterone levels. More importantly, immunization resulted in reduced corticosterone levels throughout the diurnal cycle. These findings suggest that melatonin and (or) NAS may be involved in the regulation of resting diurnal adrenocortical function.


"Psychosocial Stress in Immigrants and in Members of Minority Groups as a Factor of Terrorist Behavior" deals with the universal phenomenon of immigration in the light of globalization and the double messages of host countries. On the one hand immigration is encouraged and on the other hand the rights and obligations of newcomers in a country are not always clear. Creating a theoretical link between concepts and terms allied to immigration and terrorism is based on worldwide evidence from the last eight years. The aim of the contributions in this publication is to understand more and shed more light on the etiology of terrorism and on what has to be done to prevent it.This book addresses the underlying issues that lead to lethal actions which have led to the loss of the lives of so many innocent people and its mission is to discuss and understand more comprehensively the relationship between immigration and terrorism. Learning more about psychosocial stress in immigrants, who arrive in a new country and have expectations that are not met, will highlight new angles that policy makers have not previously attended to.


Nucleation is the seminal event in formation of new mineral phases. The subject has a long history, finding its modern roots in the work of Gibbs in the late 1800's (Gibbs 1876, 1878) and continuing through the efforts of Stransky and others in the mid-20th century (Gutzow 1997). What emerged has come to be known as classical nucleation theory (CNT). Within this model, mineral nucleation comes about through ion-by-ion addition to a growing cluster (Fig. 1A), whose origin lies in the inherent thermodynamic fluctuations of the solution. In recent years, this well-accepted theory has been called into question by an increasing number of studies, both experimental and theoretical, reporting so-called "non-classical" pathways of nucleation involving aggregation of clusters or nanoparticles that exist in equilibrium with the free ions (Fig. 1B). Moreover, such studies often report the nuclei consist of an amorphous precursor, which transforms to the more stable crystalline products only after nucleation has long ended. Presumably, if these cluster-based and multi-stage processes dominate, it is because they offer a lower barrier pathway to nucleation than does the pathway through ion-by-ion addition. Based on the many years of surface science research since the development of CNT, we now know that energy landscapes are unlikely to be flat; i.e., the free energy of a cluster of ions should depend on its size and/or configuration, and composition, including that of the solvent. The resulting peaks and valleys in the energy landscape will naturally create cluster populations, which could give rise to unexpected pathways. In the context of a geological reservoir, consideration of mineral surfaces, organic films, and pores is crucial, because both substrates and pores can reduce the classical barrier to nucleation and, hence, may play a large role in modifying energy landscapes, re-directing pathways, and determining nucleation rates. The …


How can we explain variation in support for radical right parties over time and across post-communist democracies? This project suggests that support for radical right parties is driven by the politics of accommodation, and is aimed at counteracting the political inroads, cultural concessions and economic gains of politically organized minorities. It differs from other studies of extremist politics in three primary respects: (1) Unlike current approaches that focus on competition between the extreme and mainstream parties, I emphasize dynamics between the radical right party and non- proximate parties that promote minority rights. (2) Several approaches argue that xenophobia drives support for the radical right, whereas I show that xenophobia is not a distinct feature of the radical right party support base; what differentiates radical right voters from other voters is opposition to governmental transfers towards politically organized minorities. (3) I endogenize issue salience and identify coalition politics - i.e., coalitions of mainstream parties and parties supporting minority protection - as a key mechanism that increases the salience of identity issues in political competition, and benefits radical right parties. The project tests these propositions empirically, and finds supportive evidence using an original party-election-level data set covering all post-communist democracies.


There is very strong evidence that in most locations the seabed becomes unstable and mobile before the design conditions for a submarine pipeline are reached. The conventional theory of stability takes the seabed as stable, and is therefore fundamentally flawed. This is an important issue for pipelines to the north-west of Australia, where violent tropical revolving storms occur and the sea is not particularly deep. The paper describes the construction and commissioning of a facility to investigate this question. Previous work has been carried out in wave flumes and U-tubes. The new facility has a different concept, and has a closed O-tube form, in which the oscillating and steady flows are driven by a propeller. A small version was completed in 2008, and the second and much larger facility was completed in late 2009.


The last two hundred years in the recent history of the Earth have been a period dominated by rapidly increasing human activity. Today, the discussion on the effects of anthropopressure takes the form of critical reflection on the negative impact of humanity on the natural environment. Although sparsely populated, the effects of this impact are particularly visible in the polar regions. The consequences of anthropopressure take the form of melting ice caps and glaciers, warming and thawing of permafrost, changes in sea ice structure, erosion of sea coasts, changes in the scale of Arctic fauna and flora, and a warmer climate. Research conducted in the US shows that its citizens have knowledge about polar regions, but that the level of this knowledge is low. The scope of general knowledge, the level of education, and social and demographic features (age, gender, income) may influence the formation of social opinions reflected in legislative and political solutions concerning the polar regions. Social science research has already shown that changing people's attitudes is much more effective if the process starts in adolescence, at the beginning of institutional education. In such a situation, diagnosing the attitudes of young citizens toward polar areas is important for their further development, especially if these attitudes are to be treated as a reflection of wider attitudes toward the natural environment. In this article we set forth to review how attitudes related to the polar regions, may be used as an example of general mechanisms of changing attitudes towards the environment in general. We provide analysis that can be used as background for designing empirical research and further – for designing educational and social plans promoting environmental responsibility.


Business: A Changing World Linda Ferrell 2015-01-06 Business: A Changing World carefully blends the right mix of coverage and applications to give students a firm grounding in business principles. Where other products have you sprinting through the semester to cover everything, Business: A Changing World allows breathing space to explore topics and incorporate additional activities to complement your teaching. Built from the ground up, Business: A Changing World is for faculty and students who value a briefer, flexible, integrated, and affordable resource that is exciting, applicable, and happening! What sets this learning program apart from the competition? An unrivaled mixture of exciting content and resources blended with application focused text and activities, and fresh topics and examples that show students what is happening in the world of business today!


Although courts have found a misuse defense to copyright infringement, lawmakers have not yet codified it. To clarify the doctrine, and to bring the Copyright Act up-to-date with the law, this paper proposes adding a new § 107(b): "It constitutes copyright misuse to contractually limit any use of a copyrighted work if that use would qualify as noninfringing under § 107(a). No party misusing a work has rights to it under § 106 or § 106A during that misuse. A court may, however, remedy breach of any contract the limitations of which constitute copyright misuse under this section." The present paper documents § 107(b)'s codification of the judicial precedents, offers legislative history explaining the proposed statute, and discusses how the new law would work in the real world. Although the proposed codification of copyright misuse would in large part simply rationalize what courts have already said, it would also promote the salutary policy goal of encouraging the owners of expressive works to forego copyright rights in lieu of common law ones.


The study of soil geochemistry as a terroir component of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture experimental wine-growing station Jazbina was carried out with the purpose to better understand the role of soil in terroir by investigating the basic geochemical factors that may affect grape vines and to contribute to the sustainable management of soils in vineyards. During the field work, soil was drilled with an auger to the parent material, soil samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Soil physicochemical characteristics were determined along with the content of elements Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, S and Zn in topsoil and subsoil, and in soil profile horizons as well. Dominant soil type is Rigosol from Pseudogley on slope developed on Pleistocene loam and Pliocene clay deposits. Maps of element spatial distributions were generated applying geostatistics and using GIS, and the grouping feature of elements was studied applying multivariate statistics. The results confirm that the soil type of the studied wine-growing site, originally classified as Pseudogley, differs greatly in geochemistry and fertility from soils belonging to the same class, which may finally explain the contribution of soil to the quality of wine produced.


Based on a research conducted by Women Research Institute in Siak Regency and Pelalawan Regency in Riau Province, women's participation in decision making process of forest concession was not yet taken into account eventhough they played a significant role in managing the land. The government has not yet paid particular attention towards women's involvement as reflected in policies on forest concession which do not provide enough room for women's participation.

Among the 20 regulations on forest concession mandating public participation, there was only one regulation that specifically requires women's participation, namely Law No.7/2012 on Social Conflict Handling. According to the law, conflicts that often happen due to forest concession need to be handled under the principle of gender equality. It means that both men and women should be given equal right to participate. The principle of gender equality in handling social conflict reflected in the involvement of men and women in the efforts of conflict resolution.

Other than mentioning community involvement in general, Law No. 7/2012 also regulates the forming of Social Conflict Resolution Task Force as one of the efforts to overcome social conflicts. Furthermore, the law requires women's participation in Social Conflict Resolution Task Force as much as 30% at the least of the total members. It is expected that women take part in overcoming social problems happening in their environment, particularly social conflicts.


Recovery efforts for steelhead are likely to be aided by maps of potential habitat. In the South-Central/Southern California Coast recovery domain, the most geographically restricted habitat type is probably oversummering habitat, due to the mediterranean climate and the general aridity of the region. Here we develop a model of potential oversummering habitat and map it in a Geographic Information System, using the method of environmental envelopes. Under the envelope method, predicted habitat is the set of stream segments falling within the same range of conditions that encapsulate the known occurrences of the species. Thus the method is based on known occurrences described in museum records, environmental reports, scientific papers, and other credible sources. The axes for the "range of conditions" are geomorphic, hydrologic, and climatic features thought to control the broad-scale suitability of stream reaches under natural (unmanaged, unimpaired) conditions. The specific predictors for potential habitat were stream gradient, summer mean discharge, summer temperature, valley width relative to mean discharge, and whether or not the reach occurred in alluvial soils. The resulting model predicts over-summering habitat throughout the recovery domain, as illustrated in 10 synoptic maps included in this report. Various limitations of the model are described at length.


Purpose – Attracting the best from the ever-expanding pool of talent is an intense and demanding process (Branine 2008). A poor recruitment experience is not only an expensive financial damage (Cennamo and Gardner 2008) but also a barrier to the organization's performance and future. The aim of this study is to congregate and provide the essential information needed by organizations to attract graduates. The research extends on the past study and identifies the attributes necessary to become an attractive employer in a wide choice of labour market context by examining the outlooks and attitudes of employers towards graduates. It intends to provide an insight into the differences in the organizational attributes of two generations, Gen Y and Gen Z. Gender comparison in the orientations and perceptions of the graduates on the labour market will help to break the conventional views of employers around traditional career management.

Design/methodology – The study undertakes a mixed method approach involving two phases. In phase one, interviews with talent management specialists who directly recruit and supervise graduates from two different organizations, as well as focus group with the existing graduate employees were carried out. A shortlist of organizational attributes and graduate expectations was built into a survey of undergraduates, in phase two.

Findings – The findings indicated that there was a level of mismatch in the perceptions of employers and graduate employees or students. Organizations struggle to attract talent due to sector preferences of graduates. Lack of competency, cultural compatibility and leadership skills, in undergraduates are the biggest challenges to talent managers. Although gender differences in the attractiveness of the attributes of the organizations seem to be diminishing, generational differences exist, which needs in-depth exploration by the employers before designing the attraction strategy.

Implications of the study - It is believed that this research will provide a means of helping organizations and HR specialists to understand and adjust to changing career prospects and work patterns of graduates, especially the technology generation Gen Z, in the contemporary labour market.


Spare parts management (SPM) is an important branch of management which could lead the company to success or bankruptcy. It is also fill of potential improvements that can increase the company profits, productivity, and reliability. Wise inventory management would eliminate all the delay risks of unplanned breakdowns, and reduce process time and cost. To understand the importance of the spare parts, a fundamental knowledge of maintenance types, spare parts, spare parts management, spare parts classifications, ABC analysis, Economic order quantity, suppliers' management, purchase management, and management computer program SAP, have been viewed.Companies realize the spare parts importance and try to develop the system to increase the benefits. Many ways has been taken to achieve that. Each company has it is own management system that the company has developed in years.In this research, spare parts management system of seven companies has been studied. By comparing of the management systems, we highlight the areas that would have negative or positive impact on the system. We would also analysis why the companies have chosen these systems, how they develop the system, and where they aim throw the development.Reviewing case studies would have many advantages, it would expand the vision to develop the management system and focus on the points that have permanent value instead of focus on temporary improvement.Two check lists of points that could have potential improvement, have been presented and in which improvement type.


Gathering and studying a rich collection of fossil corals in Bulgaria led to the definition of various new taxa, but highlighted the gaps in our knowledge of fossil Scleractinia. I needed to learn from living corals. An actuopaleontological project with massive sampling of all phenotypes following coral life in depth in Cuba (1970–1973) showed extraordinary scleractinian variability and led to "heresy" regarding the conventional Caribbean taxonomy. Subsequent fundamental new knowledge challenged Scleractinia taxonomy and justified the results of the investigation of the Cuban corals, through continuing contributions to: holistic approach to scleractinian species; integrative character of coral taxonomy; new paleobiological perspectives and tasks for study; and the evolutionary benefits of hybridization for reef survival. Continuing research can be supported by: an 80% preserved collection; a scientific audiovisual documentary; a monograph in Russian, French, and soon Spanish; and a substantially and rarely preserved coral life and reef ecosystem.


We propose a new framework to study the performance of cellular networks using a fluid model and we derive from this model analytical formulas for interference, outage probability, and spatial outage probability. The key idea of the fluid model is to consider the discrete base station (BS) entities as a continuum of transmitters that are spatially distributed in the network. This model allows us to obtain simple analytical expressions to reveal main characteristics of the network. In this paper, we focus on the downlink other-cell interference factor (OCIF), which is defined for a given user as the ratio of its outer cell received power to its inner cell received power. A closed-form formula of the OCIF is provided in this paper. From this formula, we are able to obtain the global outage probability as well as the spatial outage probability, which depends on the location of a mobile station (MS) initiating a new call. Our analytical results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations performed in a traditional hexagonal network. Furthermore, we demonstrate an application of the outage probability related to cell breathing and densification of cellular networks.


Abstract. The total column water vapour product from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 on board Metop-A and Metop-B satellites (GOME-2/Metop-A and GOME-2/Metop-B) produced by the Satellite Application Facility on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (O3M SAF) is compared with co-located radiosonde observations and global positioning system (GPS) retrievals. The validation is performed using recently reprocessed data by the GOME Data Processor (GDP) version 4.7. The time periods for the validation are January 2007–July 2013 (GOME-2A) and December 2012–July 2013 (GOME-2B). The radiosonde data are from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) maintained by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The ground-based GPS observations from the COSMIC/SuomiNet network are used as the second independent data source. We find a good general agreement between the GOME-2 and the radiosonde/GPS data. The median relative difference of GOME-2 to the radiosonde observations is −2.7 % for GOME-2A and −0.3 % for GOME-2B. Against the GPS, the median relative differences are 4.9 % and 3.2 % for GOME-2A and B, respectively. For water vapour total columns below 10 kg m−2, large wet biases are observed, especially against the GPS retrievals. Conversely, at values above 50 kg m−2, GOME-2 generally underestimates both ground-based observations.


Though nearly fifty years in the past; Stalin' s Great Purge of the 1930s still loans as one of the nost enigmatic events of the twentieth century. Whether we think of the Great Purge as a 100re or less continuous process fran the assassination of Kirov in 1934 to Ezhov's replacement by Beria as head of the secret police at the end of 1938; or limit it to the EzhoVshchina of 1937 and 1938; When the terror reached its peak; the sheer nagnitude of the operation is astounding. The nuniber of arrests; deportations; imprisonments; and lives lost in these years is impossible to measure; and attempts to do so have varied wildly. Even the lowest estimates; however; are staggering.! It is not merely the size of the Great Purge that nekes it such a historical puzzle; however; but the fact that it took place in peacetime; in a society publicly and officially ccmnitted to rational values and the hUI'Cailistic ideals of Marxism and the Russian revolutionary tradition. In its controlled and organized character the Great Purge seems conparable not to the primitive upheavals of "underdeveloped" countries in the secorrl half of the twentieth century; nor to the spontaneous bloodletting Russia itself experienced during the Civil war; but rather to the Nazi destruction of European Jewry in the Holocaust. Like the Holocaust; it is the seemingly atavistic nature of the Great Purge; as much as its actual consequences; that has presented such a challenge to scholars seeking to explain the events of the Stalin period.


#08–2017 In this work, we analysed the intertwining of social transformations and evolution of lived religion through the kaleidoscope of Alid iconographic worship in a postsocialist context such as Albania. In this framework, the Bektashi community restored and renewed Alid iconography, at first supported by transnational Iranian and Alevi networks, in order to hold social and political legitimation within the fragmented religious field. The embodying experiences of iconographic worship could shape the cognitive perceptions and moral dispositions of believers who partly play, critically and individually, their own religiosity. Finally, the spread of the icons seems to indicate a marketization of religious piety and a surfacing of public Islam, promoted by the Bektashiyya, in order to renegotiate power relations within Albanian society.


This article explores how Sikh youth in Toronto respond—through personal narratives and performative practices—to past events of violence associated with the Indian Army's 1984 attack on the "Golden Temple" in Amritsar, as well as the anti-Sikh riots in Delhi, India. Arguably, the politics of representation around the "Punjab crisis" of 1984 have been considered crucial for conceptualizing Sikh diaspora formations. However, studying how young Sikh activists relate to these events today and redefine their own sense of diasporic citizenship a generation after the event allows us to challenge both the homogeneous framings of (religious) diaspora and the primary role attributed to trauma through which past injuries are narrated. I shall demonstrate that there is a discursive trope (or tendency) in youth accounts that, on the one hand, asserts an attachment to injury as well as the separatist and nationalist sentiments that have long been embodied in representations of 1984 and, on the other, points to identity formations yet to be defined within the context of emerging "transnational second generations." Moreover, Sikh youth are engaged in increasingly diverse forms of social justice work and have different motivations for their participation. This research reveals involvement in an emerging grassroots movement that is globally tuned into broader social justice struggles, while maintaining local ties to placespecific engagements and narratives


Scientific computing applications are quickly adapting to leverage the massive parallelism of GPUs in large-scale clusters. However, the current hybrid programming models require application developers to explicitly manage the disjointed host and GPU memories, thus reducing both efficiency and productivity. Consequently, GPU-integrated MPI solutions, such as MPI-ACC and MVAPICH2-GPU, have been developed that provide unified programming interfaces and optimized implementations for end-to-end data communication among CPUs and GPUs. To date, however, there lacks an in-depth performance characterization of the new optimization spaces or the productivity impact of such GPU-integrated communication systems for scientific applications. In this paper, we study the efficacy of GPU-integrated MPI on scientific applications from domains such as epidemiology simulation and seismology modeling, and we discuss the lessons learned. We use MPI-ACC as an example implementation and demonstrate how the programmer can seamlessly choose between either the CPU or the GPU as the logical communication end point, depending on the application's computational requirements. MPI-ACC also encourages programmers to explore novel application-specific optimizations, such as internode CPU-GPU communication with concurrent CPU-GPU computations, which can improve the overall cluster utilization. Furthermore, MPI-ACC internally implements scalable memory management techniques, thereby decoupling the low-level memory optimizations from the applications and making them scalable and portable across several architectures. Experimental results from a state-of-the-art cluster with hundreds of GPUs show that the MPI-ACC--driven new application-specific optimizations can improve the performance of an epidemiology simulation by up to 61.6% and the performance of a seismology modeling application by up to 44%, when compared with traditional hybrid MPI+GPU implementations. We conclude that GPU-integrated MPI significantly enhances programmer productivity and has the potential to improve the performance and portability of scientific applications, thus making a significant step toward GPUs being 'first-class citizens' of hybrid CPU-GPU clusters.


From the Publisher:
A comprehensive resource on implementing a one-to-one marketing strategy on the Web
With its unique focus on customer-oriented marketing strategy, One-to-One Web Marketing immediately became a bestseller among Internet business books when it was first published in 1998. Now in a second edition, this is still the only comprehensive resource for understanding and applying the latest technologies, tools, products, and solutions for one-to-one marketing on the Web. With 40% new material, the Second Edition features a full arsenal of checklists, flowcharts, templates, vendor lists, scripting examples, and other tools and information that readers can use to evaluate and implement one-to-one technologies.


Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. This fully revised new edition is an authoritative guide to the understanding and assessment of anxiety disorders in the young. The first section covers historical and conceptual issues, including cognitive and developmental processes, clinical and theoretical models, phenomenology and classification, and evidence-based assessment. Subsequent sections cover the biology of child and adolescent anxiety, and environmental influences including traumatic events, parenting and the impact of the peer group. The final section addresses prevention and treatment of anxiety. All chapters incorporate new advances in the field, explicitly differentiate between children and adolescents, and incorporate a developmental perspective. Written and edited by an international team of leading experts in the field, this is a key text for researchers, practitioners, students and clinical trainees with interests in child and adolescent anxiety


Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a microfluidic separation technique where the liquid flow is powered by an electric field instead of a pressure gradient. This mode of propulsion, reducing the dispersion of the analytes and leading to the absence of pressure drops, contributes to an increasing interest for CEC compared to pressure driven liquid chromatography. Efficient stationary phases need to be developed to promote a widespread use of CEC. Toward this goal, the present work describes the synthesis and the use of organically modified silicates (ormosils) as stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. Ormosils, made by the sol-gel technique, consist of a silica framework containing organic materials. The chemistry of the sol-gel technique was studied in this work to control the resolutions, the efficiencies and the morphologies of the ormosil stationary phases. The factors affecting these parameters were defined and independently studied by electrochromatography and by electronic and optic microscopy. n-octyl modified silicates were chosen as stationary phases in the investigations and mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used as the test sample. Based on these results, methods were proposed for the formation of coatings and monoliths inside fused silica capillaries. The corresponding open tubular columns (OTCs) and monolithic columns (MCs) were studied with regard to their applications in CEC. Separations of PAHs, achieved with OTCs, were used to optimize the parameters acting during an electrochromatographic separation. Capillaries coated with ormosils containing different organic moieties were tested to separate several types of analytes. To miniaturize the CEC format, glass chips containing a capillary channel coated with ormosil stationary phases were used in electrochromatographic experiments. The difficulties of injection and detection systems were overcome by using commercial electrophoretic equipment.


While in recent years, the idea of localism has helped frame social policy debates, too little has been written about its possible relationships to social security. This is surprising as various elements of social security policy have been administered at a local level for many years. Locating its analysis in the work of Michael Hill, the paper draws upon historical and contemporary examples of such polices – Section 1 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1963; financial support for care leavers in the Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000; the development of rent rebates and housing benefit; the shift from council tax benefit to council tax reduction schemes; and the devolution of responsibilities for 'special expenses' to local authorities through local welfare assistance – to examine the various ways in which localism can be understood through the lens of localism. The paper argues that while there are different ways of doing this and that the antecedents of the various policies examined might differ, the relationship between social security and localism is primarily ideological. Localism is a mechanism through which collective social provision is critiqued and eroded, and through which governments hope that individuals can be made more responsible.


Background Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a biologically active gas that is widely used in the healthcare sector. In recent years, on-site H2 gas generators, which produce high-purity H2 by water electrolysis, have begun to be introduced in hospitals, clinics, beauty salons, and fitness clubs because of their ease of use. In general, these generators produce H2 at a low-flow rate, so physicians are concerned that an effective blood concentration of H2 may not be ensured when the gas is delivered through a nasal cannula. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate blood concentrations of H2 delivered from an H2 gas generator via a nasal cannula. Methods We administered 100% H2, produced by an H2 gas generator, at a low-flow rate of 250 mL/min via a nasal cannula to three spontaneously breathing micro miniature pigs. An oxygen mask was placed over the nasal cannula to administer oxygen while minimizing H2 leakage, and a catheter was inserted into the carotid artery to monitor the arterial blood H2 concentration. Results During the first hour of H2 inhalation, the mean (standard error (SE)) H2 concentrations and saturations in the arterial blood of the three pigs were 1,560 (413) nL/mL and 8.85% (2.34%); 1,190 (102) nL/mL and 6.74% (0.58%); and 1,740 (181) nL/mL and 9.88% (1.03%), respectively. These values are comparable to the concentration one would expect if 100% of the H2 released from the H2 gas generator is taken up by the body. Conclusions Inhalation of 100% H2 produced by an H2 gas generator, even at low-flow rates, can increase blood H2 concentrations to levels that previous non-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated to be therapeutically effective. The combination of a nasal cannula and an oxygen mask is a convenient way to reduce H2 leakage while maintaining oxygenation.


Kaizen, the synonym for continuous improvement, is an essential component of Japanese management system. Kaizen programs have long been employed with great success in Japanese companies. Due to their origin in Japanese organisations, and their embeddedness in Japanese context, applicability of kaizen to countries with different cultures and different management styles still remains to be understood. The purpose of the research is to investigate the international transfer of kaizen.
Case study research was conducted among 15 Japanese manufacturers in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has been a biggest recipient of Japanese FDI since 2003 in Europe. It was found that the kaizen was transferred through four stages: preparation, communication, implementation, and integration.
• The first-level analysis confirms the conclusion from the literature that the major issues are low top management commitment, communication difficulties, and high labour turnover. However, the second-level analysis reveals that the use of Japanese expatriates itself turns out to be the root cause of those major problems. This study suggests that the effective approach for successful kaizen transfer is placing the local managing director who is experienced and committed to kaizen implementation.
• Wu and Chen (2006) state that any activity has its life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Proper regenerative inputs need to be injected before an activity declines, so that the firm's improvement level can be moved up to a higher level. The finding suggests that a new area for improvement (e.g. quality, productivity, and delivery time) could be used as a proper regenerative input as it can provide motivation for improvement. By properly sequentially timing activity cycles, the organisation can improve overall and while maintaining employee morale.
• Two main external factors, not previously identified in the literature, were found: the level of eagerness of employees and the level of discipline of employees. It was also found that, based on these two factors, transferring kaizen to the Netherlands is very challenging.
Companies benefit from this research because it contributes to understanding how easy it will be to transfer kaizen. Having this understanding allows companies to set more realistic expectations with regard to kaizen implementation.


We aim to contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship by examining the relationship between firms' age and their use of highly skilled workers, measured by employees with higher education. A panel data set of Norwegian firms is used. Based on population‐averaged panel data regression, we find that newly established firms have a higher proportion of highly skilled workers than incumbent firms. A sensitivity analysis shows that this result holds for different correlation structures in the panel data, different calculations of employees' age, and whether the explanatory variables are lagged in order to reduce the potential endogeneity of these variables. The result can be explained by the fact that the capital intensity is higher in newly founded firms than in incumbent firms and that the proportion of highly skilled workers is positively correlated with the capital intensity in firms.


We develop a framework to understand pre-employment credit screening through adverse selection in labor and credit markets. Workers differ in an unobservable characteristic that induces a positive correlation between labor productivity and repayment rates in credit markets. Firms therefore prefer to hire workers with good credit because it correlates with high productivity. A poverty trap may arise, in which an unemployed worker with poor credit has a low job finding rate, but cannot improve her credit without a job. In our calibrated economy, this manifests as a large and persistent wage loss from default, equivalent to 2.3% per month over ten years. Banning employer credit checks eliminates the poverty trap, but pools job seekers and reduces matching efficiency: average unemployment duration rises by 13% for the most productive workers after employers are banned from using credit histories to screen potential hires.


Objectives: To investigate the obesity intensity and relationship of socio-demographic factors like gender, residential area (Rural/Urban), Hostelite/Non-Hostelite on the nutritional habits and body mass index (BMI) among different public universities students of Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted for mentioned objectives from 10 Nov to 10 Dec 2017. Total of 442 students from five different public sector universities participated in the survey from age group 19 to 24 years. Results: Out of total 442 participants, 65.4% of participants were from urban areas and 34.6 % belong to rural areas of country. Regarding BMI; 261 (59.0%) were with Normal BMI, 113 (25.6%) were Underweight, 60 (13.6%) were Overweight and 8 (1.8%) were Obese. Statistical analysis done by using Chi-square test, which revealed positive correlation between nutritional habits and area of residence (P=0.035, Chi Value=8.627), while less convincing evidence in case of BMI and area of residence (P=0.603, Chi Value=1.855).Interdependence was observed in case of BMI and gender (p-value=0.010 ( 0.05). Conclusion: BMI calculation and statistical results revealed that significant proportion of students was in underweight (25.6%) and overweight (13.6%) category. Chi-square test validated that students from rural areas are more vegans as compared to urban areas. Applied statics confirmed the significant relationship between gender and BMI which revealed that more female students were underweight while more male were overweight. Urban areas subjects were under weight as compared to rural areas. There is dire need of nutritional education and awareness campaigns regarding healthy nutrition among students.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of the anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab on primary human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) in an in vitro model of wound healing.

METHODS
Fibroblasts were cultured in RPMI media, and bevacizumab was administered at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. Fibroblast viability and cell death were assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, BrdU assay, and live/dead assay. Fibroblast contractility was assessed in floating collagen gels. Morphologic changes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Antifibrosis activities were compared with 5-fluorouracil.

RESULTS
Bevacizumab induced a significant dose-related reduction of HTF cell number at 12.5 mg/mL at 72 hours (P < 0.05). Under serum-free conditions, bevacizumab induced significant fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL (P < 0.05). Bevacizumab caused a moderate inhibition of fibroblast gel contraction from baseline (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked vacuolization in bevacizumab-treated fibroblasts.

CONCLUSIONS
Bevacizumab disrupted fibroblast proliferation, inhibited collagen gel contraction ability, and induced fibroblast cell death at concentrations greater than 7.5 mg/mL in serum-free conditions. These results demonstrated that bevacizumab inhibited a number of fibrosis activities in culture. These activities may underpin the antifibrosis effect proposed in vivo.


The dynamic performance of robots, specifically the tracking accuracy and motion duration, is influenced by both the nominal motion profile and the feedback control method employed.
Three schemes are developed and experimentally tested to tackle the improvement of dynamic performance, in the absence of accurate dynamic models.
Model Referenced Adaptive Controller Schemes (MRACS) can be designed to facilitate the characterisation of otherwise complex system dynamics. In one scheme an MRACS is used to force the robot to behave as if it were linear and decoupled, enabling simple model based dynamic tuning methods to be applied to the motion laws. Its promise as a technique is demonstrated, but the controller performance is found to be degraded by practical limitations. It is applied to both joint and Cartesian based motion laws.
A computer controlled robot contains all the elements necessary for an autonomous self experimentation system. This feature is exploited in the derivation and implementation of two further schemes which are termed self learning. In these, the robot's trajectory is stored as a set of discrete data. Algorithms are developed for tuning this data subsequent to each run. Their use requires minimal knowledge of the dynamics, no additional transducers and little computation.
The first of the self learning schemes is used to cyclically reduce the tracking errors. Once complete, the updating process can be curtailed. Errors on completion are close to the transducer resolution.
The second of these schemes involves an incremental reduction in the duration of a given motion. Various parameters for detecting saturation are proposed and tested. A normalised ratio of peak to average velocity is found promising. Combining these two schemes, tuning for speed to near saturation then tuning for accuracy, provides a method for obtaining a near minimum time trajectory, with maximum possible tracking accuracy, at low cost.


The advent of imatinib has dramatically improved outcomes in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It has become the standard of care for all patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML based on its successful induction of durable responses in most patients. However, its use is complicated by the development of resistance in some patients. Dose escalation might overcome this resistance if detected early. The second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and nilotinib provide effective therapeutic options for managing patients resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Recent studies have shown that dasatinib and nilotinib provide quicker and potentially better responses than standard-dose imatinib when used as a first-line treatment. The goal of therapy for patients with CML is the achievement of a complete cytogenetic response, and eventually a major molecular response, to prevent disease progression to accelerated or blast phase. Selecting the appropriate TKI depends on many factors, including disease phase, primary or secondary resistance to TKI, the agent's side effect profile and its relative effectiveness against BCR-ABL mutations, and the patient's tolerance to therapy. In October 2010, NCCN organized a task force consisting of a panel of experts from NCCN Member Institutions with expertise in the management of patients with CML to discuss these issues. This report provides recommendations regarding the selection of TKI therapy for the management of patients with CML based on the evaluation of available published clinical data and expert opinion among the task force members.


This practical guidebook, with a beautifully-illustrated storybook, enables teachers, parents and professionals to help children aged 4-12 connect with unresolved feelings affecting their behaviour.
Helping Children with Low Self-Esteem is a guidebook to help children who:

don't like themselves or feel there is something fundamentally wrong with them
have been deeply shamed
have received too much criticism or haven't been encouraged enough
let people treat them badly because they feel they don't deserve better
do not accept praise or appreciation because they feel they don't deserve it
feel defeated by life, fundamentally unimportant, unwanted or unlovable
bully because they think they are worthless or think they are worthless because they are bullied
and, feel they don't belong or do not seek friends because they think no-one would want to be their friend.
Ruby and the Rubbish Bin is a story for children with low self-esteem. Ruby hates herself so much that she often feels more like a piece of rubbish than a little girl. Sometimes Ruby feels so miserable that she wants to sleep and sleep and never wake up again. Then Ruby meets Dot and, over time, Dot helps Ruby to move from self-hate to self-respect. After a very important dream, and help from Dot, Ruby finds her voice and her anger, and stands up to the bullies. She makes new friends and knows what it's like to feel happy for the first time in her life.


In health care, there is extensive empirical evidence that the behaviour of both providers and users is affected by the financial incentives that they face. In this paper, we adopt a systemwide perspective and develop a conceptual framework to examine how current financial incentives in Irish health care conflict along four dimensions: provider versus user, user across type of provider, provider versus provider, and provider across type of user. We highlight areas within each of these four dimensions where current financial incentive structures are incompatible with existing policy priorities. The analysis in the paper also provides a framework to assess the effects of proposed policy changes on financial incentives within the health-care system using a joint analytic approach.


The current global dependence on fossil fuels to meet energy needs continues to increase. If a 2°C warming by 2100 is to be prevented, it will become important to adopt strategies that not only avoid CO2 emissions but also allow for the direct removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, enabling the intervention of climate change. The primary direct removal methods discussed in this review include land management and mineral carbonation in addition to bioenergy and direct air capture with carbon capture and reliable storage. These methods are discussed in detail, and their potential for CO2 removal is assessed. The global upper bound for annual CO2 removal was estimated to be 12, 10, 6, and 5 GtCO2/year for bioenergy with carbon capture and reliable storage (BECCS), direct air capture with reliable storage (DACS), land management, and mineral carbonation, respectively—giving a cumulative value of ~35 GtCO2/year. However, in the case of DACS, global data on the overlap of low‐emission energy sources and reliable CO2 storage opportunities—set as a qualification for DAC viability—were unavailable, and the potential upper bound estimate is thus considered conservative. The upper bounds on the costs associated with the direct CO2 removal methods varied from approximately $100/tCO2 (land management, BECCS, and mineral carbonation) to $1000/tCO2 for DACS (again, these are the upper bounds for costs). In this review, these direct CO2 removal technologies are found to be technically viable and are potentially important options in preventing 2°C warming by 2100. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e253. doi: 10.1002/wene.253


Once widely regarded as the workers greatest hope for a better world, the ALP today would rather project itself as a responsible manager of Australian capitalism. Labor's Conflict provides an insightful account of the transformations in the Party's policies, performance and structures since its formation. Seasoned political analysts, Tom Bramble and Rick Kuhn offer an incisive appraisal of the Party's successes and failures, betrayals and electoral triumphs in terms of its competing ties with bosses and workers. The early chapters outline diverse approaches to understanding the nature of the Party and then assess the ALP's evolution in response to major social upheavals and events, from the strikes of the 1890s, through two World Wars, the Great Depression, and the post-war boom. The records of the Whitlam, Hawke, Keating, Rudd and Gillard governments are then dissected in detail. The compelling conclusion offers alternatives to the Australian Labor Party, for those interested in progressive change.


High intensity colorless distributed combustion has been a promising combustion technique as it enables much reduced pollutant emissions such as NO and CO, as well as more thermal uniformity, flame stability and combustion efficiency. The main requirement for achieving distributed conditions is to provide controlled entrainment of reactive hot product gases into the fresh mixture prior to ignition. In this way, the oxygen concentration is reduced, which results in lower reaction rates, promoting longer mixing times and volumetric distribution of the reaction zones. Though distributed combustion has been extensively studied for various heat loads and intensities, fuels, geometries, there is limited information related to fuel flexibility. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate hydrogen enriched gaseous fuels for greater understanding of low calorific high flame speed fuels in a distributed combustion system. Three various hydrogen content gaseous fuel (40–60% by volume) were investigated in a swirl-stabilized burner for this study, through the use of either N2 or CO2 as the diluent in order to achieve distributed conditions. The OH* chemiluminescence flame signatures were obtained in the flame front and emissions were measured from the combustor exit. The results showed that both the hydrogen concentration and diluent type considerably impacted the oxygen concentration at which transition to CDC occurred. Distributed conditions were achieved at oxygen concentrations of 10–12% with entrained N2 and 13–15% with entrained CO2 for various gaseous fuels consumed. It was determined that the transition to CDC occurred at a lower oxygen concentration for high hydrogen content fuels due to the higher flame speed of hydrogen. The flame images demonstrated that the flashback propensity of the gaseous fuels were eliminated and enhanced flame stability was achieved under the favorable CDC conditions. For NO pollutant emission, ultra-low NO level was achieved under CDC (less than 1 ppm) while CO pollutant emission decreased gradually with condition approaching distributed conditions, and then increased slightly due to the lower flammability limit and dissociation of CO2.


For more than 5 decades, warfarin has been the mainstay of therapy when oral anticoagulation is required. It has been shown to be effective in the prevention as well as treatment of various thromboembolic disorders. However, drawbacks of warfarin, such as time-consuming requirements for frequent international normalized ratio monitoring, as well as drug and food interactions, have encouraged the development of alternative oral agents. One such agent, dabigatran, has risen up to the challenge. Due to its predictable anticoagulation response, dabigatran does not require routine anticoagulation monitoring. Another advantage dabigatran has over warfarin is its more favorable drug and food interaction profiles. Dabigatran was shown to be noninferior to warfarin in studies evaluating the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, thus leading to the US Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication. Dabigatran has also demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery as well as the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism, although these are not current Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. The safety profile appears to be similar to warfarin with regards to overall bleeding risk, though the risk for gastrointestinal bleeds was higher in patients on dabigatran 150 mg twice daily. Disadvantages of dabigatran may include a higher frequency of dyspepsia compared with warfarin, lack of dosing information in severe renal impairment, possible missed opportunities for periodic health examinations and interventions due to elimination of regular physician's visit for international normalized ratio monitoring, and drug costs. This article provides an overview of the clinical studies, pharmacokinetic profile, adverse effects, drug interactions as well as advantages and disadvantages associated with dabigatran.


The surface temperature and vegetation index ( Ts / VI ) method is a remote sensing-based quantitative approach. It is widely used for estimating the evapotranspiration, evaporative fraction, and surface soil moisture ( SSM ). However, this method can only be used in flat regions. In this study, we investigated the effect of altitude when using the Ts/VI method for estimating the SSM in heterogeneous regions. The results showed that the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) method performed poorly at estimating the SSM in the source region of the Yangtze River; there was a weak correlation with the observed SSM , and R 2 was only 0.167. However, the performance of the method improved considerably when the effects of both altitude and frozen soil were considered; the TVDI had a strong correlation with the observed SSM , and R 2 improved to 0.617. In the study area, the effects of altitude on the TVDI values were greater than those of the frozen soil. In general, the Ts / VI method can obtain satisfactory results in mountainous regions if the effects of both the altitude and frozen soil are considered.


Interest in global health, the relationship between health and economic development, and the impact of globalization upon both of these, has risen rapidly up international and national agendas in recent years. This expansion of interest has both formal expression, such as the Millennium Development Goals, the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and more informal expressions, through concerns and negotiations focusing upon pandemic influenza, the role of the food industry in nutrition-related chronic disease and the role of patent protection in access to essential medicines. These, and many other instances, serve to demonstrate that there is no such thing as national health or a national health system; in today's world, all health is global health.

This has led to a welcome concomitant increase in funding allocated to global health, both through traditional aid routes and increasingly through new initiatives, most notable perhaps being the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. However, this increase has not been universally applauded and there have been criticisms, mostly focused upon the reinforcement of the "vertical" approach, emphasizing a disease-specific approach to securing health improvement. This has come at a time when many in the international health community were feeling that there had finally been a breakthrough in securing recognition that health improvement can only be achieved through strengthening of health systems more generally; the so called "horizontal" approach. More recently a consensus may be emerging that both approaches have strengths and weaknesses, and that synergies may be capitalized upon if both are pursued in tandem; simultaneously strengthening the health system while focusing upon those diseases that are the major burden to a country.

It is this tandem, or "diagonal", approach that Anna Gatti & Andrea Boggio emphasize in this book. In their introduction they emphasize this perspective and outline a matrix that seeks to combine both vertical and horizontal aspects to aid resource allocation. This is a novel and potentially illuminating means of categorizing interventions. The remainder of the book then comprises four sections written by a wide variety of authors internal and external to WHO. Part 1, on the global health arena, considers especially the role of WHO in global health. Part 2, on health and development looks in more detail at various perspectives on global health and development, including those of evolution, economics, law and ethics. Part 3, on global health and vulnerability, focuses on the experiences of the elderly, children and women. Part 4 considers the interrelation between specific disease and development, then shifts the focus to specific diseases of chronic illness, malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. In the main, the book is relatively neutral in its presentation, provides a good deal of evidence – some of it new – and is authored by those with a good knowledge of their subjects. Certainly some of the perspectives by those working in or with international organizations provides interesting insights at times. The book is pervaded by the emphasis on building systems and capacities, rather than new technological discoveries, as the key to future health improvement. It is likely that readers interested in global health will find much that appeals and informs, and it is certainly a welcome addition to my bookshelf.

I read the book over a period of several weeks' travelling, something many readers may do, and the edited nature of the book lends itself very well to this style of reading as each chapter stands alone. However, once I had finished the final chapter, I found myself somewhat disappointed that there was no final section or chapter to turn to that deals with the performance of the matrix approach that was introduced at the beginning of the book. The book begins with the authors "propos[ing] a matrix as a tactical tool to be used to define optimal allocation of (scarce) resources" (p.xxiii). However, it is not made clear how the various chapters link to this, or how the analyses are informed by it, and the chapters themselves do not tend to make reference to this matrix. It is therefore disappointing to get to the end and find that there is no chapter to bring the book full circle and reflect upon the material in these chapters from this matrix perspective, or to offer a summary of the research and policy agenda's arising from them. This lack of emphasis on the matrix makes one wonder at the appropriateness of the subtitle of the book as, apart from a brief discussion in the introduction, the matrix approach does not appear and the book then becomes another collection – albeit an interesting collection – of papers with some specific views and opinions on globalization, health and development.

A further feature to bear in mind is that 12 of the 16 authors are current or ex-WHO staff and this is reflected in an often uncritical reflection upon the role and activities of WHO (perhaps the best example being the discussion in chapter 2). Although there have clearly been considerable successes achieved by the Organization over the past 60 years, this uncritical reflection of its role in the current global environment is a weakness, as there is considerable debate – internal and external to WHO – about the role the Organization will play in the next 60 years; for example vis-a-vis other international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, concerning issues of trade and health. This emphasis of the role WHO does and should play seems critical to any discussion of the links between health and development.

In summary, this is a useful and accessible book that offers much benefit for those interested in global health. This is especially true of those who are active in the field in research and policy but it may also be of some value to graduate students, probably as an optional reading or reading of selective chapters. I only wish that the editors had taken that final step to conclude with something more on their proposed matrix! ■


The study focused on the distribution of trace elements in the blood samples of leukemia patients. The blood samples of 62 patients of leukemia and their age, gender and demographically matched controls were analyzed for Cu, Ni, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cr by FAAS. The study evidenced higher mean levels for all the trace elements except Zn in leukemia patients than healthy controls. Mg was the major contributor at mean levels and Cr was present at sub-ppm levels in patients. The order for mean trace element levels in patients was: Mg > Fe > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr, in comparison to healthy controls where the order remained: Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr. In patients Ni-Mg was significantly positively correlated while Mg was significantly negatively correlated with Cu. In healthy donors no such significant correlation was observed. The age of donors was found to be significantly positively correlated with Ni depicting an increase in Ni levels with increasing age of patients. Age of patients was significantly negatively correlated with Cu and Cr and positively correlated with Mg. Cluster analysis showed an independent behavior of Mg in patients contrary to healthy donors. Gender based study evidenced different orders of mean levels of selected trace elements in the blood of male and female patients. These orders were also different from the controls. Different clustering behavior of trace elements was observed in male and female patients.


Extracted from text ... 2006: a challenging
year ahead for leaders
"'I am not satisfied.' This is the mantra of a leader. As a leader
you are never satisfied with the present because in your head
you can see a better future and the friction between the 'what
is' and the 'what could be' burns you, stirs you up, propels
you forward. This is leadership."
Marcus Buckingham
Management Today February 2006 5
This year will be no different from any other, except that the challenges
will be greater and we have to work harder to make it work.
The one area that will ..


Information systems play an ever-increasing key role in our society. In particular, data intensive applications are in constant demand and there is need of computing environments with much more intelligent capabilities than those present in today's Data-base Management Systems (DBMS). Nowadays intelligent applications require better reasoning capabilities than those present in older data processing systems[7]. Argumentation frameworks appear to be an excellent starting-point for building such systems. Research in argumentation has provided important results while striving to obtain tools for common sense reasoning. As a result, argumentation systems have substantially evolved in the past few years, and this resulted in a new set of argument-based applications in diverse areas where knowledge representation issues play a major role. Clustering algorithms [6], intelligent web search [3], recommender systems [4, 3], and natural language assessment [2] are the outcome of this evolution. We claim that massive data processing systems can be combined with argumentation to obtain systems that administer and reason with large databases. These would result in a system that can extract and process information from massive databases and exhibit intelligent behavior and common sense reasoning as a by-product of the argumentation system used for the reasoning process. In this work, we present a specialization of the DeLP [5] system, called Database Defeasible Logic Programming (DB DeLP). This framework could be easily integrated with a relational database component to achieve a system capable of massive data processing and intelligent behavior. Next, we formally define this system.


In this paper, we study the role of relative spatial location of states on agricultural growth in India. We use different definitions of neighbourhood and through a Spatial Durbin Model in a dynamic panel framework, we find that district based weighing scheme best explains the spatial dependence. The channels through which spatial spill-over occur are rural literacy, roads, irrigation and income of neighbouring states. The other factors driving agricultural income growth in India are inputs, infrastructural support and agricultural diversification. Identification of these channels of spatial interdependence will have implications for policies aimed at reducing spatial differences across Indian states.


Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate amongst all gynecologic malignancies. A major role in its initiation and progression is played by DNA damage, mostly caused by oxidative stress. The presented study was designed to determine whether oxidative stress plays an important role in ovarian malignancy. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was assessed by estimating serum vitamin E and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Finally, the status of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation was correlated with the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer. The study comprised of thirty age-matched controls and sixty ovarian cancer patients - thirty patients of stage II and thirty of stage IV, all selected by transvaginal sonography and confirmed by histopathological examination. The results reveal that serum MDA levels were increased, while serum vitamin E and erythrocyte SOD levels decreased, as the disease progressed from stage II to IV. These results suggest that the increased serum MDA levels indicate oxidative stress which may cause DNA damage which is one of the causative factors for cancer. Low levels of vitamin E and SOD could be due to the increased utilization of these antioxidants in scavenging the lipid peroxides, production of which overrides the antioxidant defense leading to increased MDA in serum.


Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive syndrome in the elderly individuals. MCI drug treatment is still under debate. On the other hand, MCI progress is higher in people with diabetes mellitus type 2. This study was designed to determine the effect of Memantine on oxidant and antioxidant indexes among the elderly with prediabetes and MCI.
Method: The present study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial which was conducted on 50 elderly patients over 60 years of age who had been diagnosed with prediabetes and MCI. Subjects were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was treated with Memantine and Metformin and the control group received Metformin only. The data were collected before and after the study by blood tests and clinical examination and analyzed by using correlation test, independent and paired sample t-test in SPSS v.23 software.
Results: The subjects included 22 men and 28 women. The mean age subject was 72.87 ± 3.95. Regarding the control group, the oxidative indexes including Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) decreased significantly (p value<0.001, df: 48). Regarding the intervention group, the oxidant indexes including AGEs and AOPP significantly decreased. In addition, antioxidant indexes such as LAP and Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) indexes increased considerably (p value<0.001, df: 48).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the combination therapy with Memantine and Metformin for elderly patients with Prediabetic State and MCI may decrease oxidant indexes and increase the effect on antioxidant indices.


In this 1978 informal conversation, the participants recall the early days of biology at Caltech under its first chairman, Thomas Hunt Morgan, including recollections of Theodosius Dobzhansky. Poulson, a professor of biology at Yale, and Caltech professor of biology Bonner describe their undergraduate and graduate education at Caltech in the early 1930s in chemistry, biology, and physics, including a botany course taught by Emerson, professor of biology emeritus. Memories of plant physiologist Herman Dolk, killed in an auto accident in 1932, and the early humanities faculty, including Clinton Judy, Harvey Eagleson, and William B. Munro. Re-creation of Columbia fly room at Caltech with Alfred H. Sturtevant and Dobzhansky; their collaboration on Drosophila pseudoobscura and their later disagreement. Bonner's work on plant physiology with Kenneth Thimann and H. Dolk. Norman Horowitz, chairman of the Biology Division, recalls arriving at Caltech as a graduate student in the late 1930s and being assigned by Morgan to work with embryologist Albert Tyler. Recalls visits to Caltech's marine biological station at Corona del Mar and NRC fellowship to Stanford, where he first met George W. Beadle. Bonner and Horowitz comment on the direction of Caltech's Biology Division in the 1930s--all experiment, no descriptive biology, and an emphasis on genetics rare among universities at that time. Comments on collaboration with chemists, including Linus Pauling. Reenergizing of the Biology Division in the late 1940s with the return of Beadle, Horowitz, Edward B. Lewis, and Max Delbruck. Beadle becomes chairman of the division; contrast between his and Morgan's style of leadership. Growth of Biology Division under Beadle.


Bermudian English (BerE) is one of the least documented varieties of English that has undergone full nativisation. The only source we are aware of is Ayres (1933), who provides an overview of some selected phonological features. The present paper has two aims: first, to provide a preliminary morphosyntactic profile of African Bermudian English (ABerE) and to anchor this variety in the quickly emerging canon of lesser-known varieties of English around the world (Schreier et al. 2010), and second, to gain some first typological insights whether or not it aligns with English in the Caribbean (and if so, with which varieties), as has been claimed by some sources (e.g. Trudgill 2002). With this aim, we report some first findings from a fieldwork study on the island and in a later step compare these with selected Caribbean varieties — Bahamian English (BahE), Bajan, Jamaican English, and Vincentian Creole, as reported in the Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English (Kortmann and Lunkenheimer 2011). We argue that morphosyntactic similarities and differences between the varieties are explained by the Bermudian community's sociohistorical and sociolinguistic contexts, including settlement patterns, population demographics, and peopling, and that the emergence and origins of a stable localised variety of (A)BerE need to be approached with reference to the historical connections between Bermuda and the communities that provided donor varieties. We further argue in favor of a two-way transfer pattern: Caribbean Englishes are likely to have influenced the evolution of English on Bermuda, while BerE itself was an influential input variety in other locations (particularly the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands).


The rise of commercial portrait photography in the mid-nineteenth century placed the bourgeois body squarely within technological processes of visual representation. Photography's chemical and optical operations required the subject's physical presence before the camera's mechanical eye, reciprocally exposing the apparatus to the subject's fixed gaze and provoking an unprecedented confrontation of vision, body and technology. Setting the client within photography's technical processes, however, could endanger efforts to promote photographic portraiture as a product of artistic endeavour. In response to this in photography's first decade, London studio owner Antoine Claudet enshrouded the apparatus in a competing visual rhetoric evoking luxury and the sublime. Examining contemporary accounts of Claudet's studios and neighbouring attractions of entertainment and consumption uncovers the overlapping references to enlightenment, beauty and pleasure that surrounded photography's early machinery. While this alternative discourse may have softened the stare of the mechanical eye, it nevertheless contributed to technology's increasing hold on the body and mind.


Many attorneys, judges, and journalists have claimed that watching television programs like CSI has caused jurors to wrongfully acquit guilty defendants when no scientific evidence has been presented. This so-called effect was promptly dubbed the "CSI effect," laying much of the blame on the popular television series and its progeny. This study of 1027 jurors found that 46 percent expected to see some kind of scientific evidence in every criminal case; 22 percent expected to see DNA evidence in every criminal case; 36 percent expected to see fingerprint evidence in every criminal case; and 32 percent expected to see ballistic or other firearms laboratory evidence in every criminal case. The findings also suggested that expectations for particular types of scientific evidence seemed to be rational based on the type of case. For all categories of evidence CSI viewers generally had higher expectations than non-CSI viewers but the CSI viewers had higher expectations about scientific evidence that was more likely to be relevant. Interestingly, potential jurors' increased expectations of scientific evidence did not translate into a demand for this type of evidence as a prerequisite for finding someone guilty. Jurors were more likely to find a defendant guilty than not guilty even without scientific evidence if the victim or other witnesses testified, except in the case of rape. On the other hand, if the prosecutor relied on circumstantial evidence, the prospective jurors said they would demand some kind of scientific evidence before they would return a guilty verdict.There was scant evidence in our survey results that CSI viewers were either more or less likely to acquit defendants without scientific evidence. Only 4 of 13 scenarios showed significant differences between viewers and non-viewers on this issue, and they were inconsistent. In the "every crime" scenario, CSI viewers were more likely to convict without scientific evidence if eyewitness testimony was available. In rape cases, CSI viewers were less likely to convict if DNA evidence was not presented.In both the breaking-and-entering and theft scenarios, CSI viewers were more likely to convict if there was victim or other testimony, but no fingerprint evidence. Although CSI viewers had higher expectations for scientific evidence than non-CSI viewers, these expectations had little, if any, bearing on the respondents' propensity to convict.


Ultra-compact and fast spinning turbomachinery is a key technology to increase performance of domestic heating applications and to address decentralization of power and heat as a consequence of the rise of renewable energy sources. Recently, a heat pump using a reduced-scale centrifugal compressor with an impeller diameter of 20 mm supported on gas bearings was tested successfully and higher system performance compared to commonly used positive displacement compressors was achieved. Nonetheless, due to the small feature size as well as manufacturing tolerances, the performance of such compressor systems is deteriorated compared to large-scale systems. The tip gap necessary to ensure a free spinning of the rotor on gas bearings is relatively large compared to industrial compressors.Unfortunately, limited experience about centrifugal compressors running on relative large clearance exists. This paper investigates the impact of tip leakage on the performance of centrifugal compressor systems for relative clearance ratios, ranging from 3 up to 15 %. The tip leakage analysis is conducted numerically on an experimentally validated centrifugal compressor system operating with refrigerant R134a. In order to investigate the behavior of the compressor by altering its clearance ratio, impellers with different blade heights are used to adjust the tip gap. The change in efficiency is investigated and empirical correlations available in literature are assessed. A new method to predict change in efficiency as function of relative clearance ratio is provided, thus extending current correlations to much higher relative clearance ratios.


Unlike many developed countries where sustainable development has been implemented at neighborhood scale, sustainable planning research and action has still been concentrated at the national level and little has focused on the neighborhood level in China. This issue was highlighted by the demand of facilitating sustainable development and significant transition of the socio-political context, which made the development of neighborhood planning even more urgent and challenging. Hence, this study aims to identify the major challenges, particularly related to the institutional aspects, for adopting neighborhood planning in the local community in China. Comprehensive literature review was employed to demonstrate the crucial position of institutional elements in facilitating sustainable neighborhood development and planning. A comparative study of the common characteristics for adopting neighborhood planning in four different countries was conducted. Based on the characters, the possible barriers hindering the practice of neighborhood planning in China were proposed and then validated with the in-depth expert interviews. The results show that there is little support from national policy and local governance, ambiguous legislation on community public management, as well as inadequate public participation and a weak sense of community. Corresponding policy implications and recommendations are included to provide insight for planners and decision makers to better utilize neighborhood planning to achieve sustainable urban development.


We present a method for solving systems of polynomial equations appearing in computer vision. This method is based on polynomial eigenvalue solvers and is more straightforward and easier to implement than the state-of-the-art Gröbner basis method since eigenvalue problems are well studied, easy to understand, and efficient and robust algorithms for solving these problems are available. We provide a characterization of problems that can be efficiently solved as polynomial eigenvalue problems (PEPs) and present a resultant-based method for transforming a system of polynomial equations to a polynomial eigenvalue problem. We propose techniques that can be used to reduce the size of the computed polynomial eigenvalue problems. To show the applicability of the proposed polynomial eigenvalue method, we present the polynomial eigenvalue solutions to several important minimal relative pose problems.


Sedimentation is examined at a potential site for an oil terminal along the Aoshan channel slope in the vicinity of the East China Sea, where fine-grained sediments predominate. A feature of this slope is that due to characteristically enhanced lateral exchange of fluid momentum and suspended sediment mass, vertical profiles of flow velocity and suspended sediment concentration are more uniform than at the center of the channel. It is shown that lateral eddy diffusion at the slope is likely to be the dominant cause of this mixing. Accordingly, a two-dimensional, depth-averaged numerical model was applied to simulate historic rates of sedimentation in the study area by using an approximate method to estimate the annual rate of sedimentation, because long term data on suspended sediment were unavailable. Model-simulated rates are compared with observed patterns of sedimentation.


Four sets of NIPAM and non-NIPAM based colloidal microgels have been synthesized by a surfactant-free emulsion polymerisation (SFEP) technique, which are: (i) poly (NIPAM) based homo-polymer, (ii) poly (NIPAM) based co-polymer, (iii) hydrophobically modified homo-polymer and (iv) hydrophobically modified co-polymer microgels.

Poly (NIPAM) based homo-polymer microgels have been studied with respect to their heteroaggregation/heteroflocculation behaviour with oppositely charged polystyrene latex (PS) particles. It has been shown that the particle size, concentration and temperature play an important role in the ionic interaction between oppositely charged microgel and PS latex particles. Some particulate dispersions have shown temperature-dependent reversible flocculation behaviour, which could be applicable in the water industry for the removal of colloidal impurity from water. A strong irreversible aggregation was also observed for some microgel-latex mixtures, which may find useful application in the field of crude oil recovery.

Hydrophobically modified homo-polymer and co-polymer microgels have been prepared from a range of novel monomers. The monomers have been chosen with varying hydrophobic chain length in order to manipulate the swelling properties of the resultant particles in different solvents. The dispersibility behaviour of the novel and NIPAM-based microgels has also been studied in different solvents to find their utility in removing water from oil. Colloidal microgel particles have shown successful application in reducing the water content of biodiesel to an acceptable level. Karl Fischer titration results have shown that water level in biodiesel can be reduced below 500 ppm from 1800 ppm by using microgel as water absorbent. According to the EN14214 specification by European Committee 500 ppm is the maximum water level allowed in biodiesel to be useful in combustion engine.


We have conducted a spectral line survey in the 332–364 GHz region with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope toward R CrA IRS7B, a low-mass protostar in the Class 0 or Class 0/I transitional stage. We have also performed some supplementary observations in the 450 GHz band. In total, 16 molecular species are identified in the 332–364 GHz region. Strong emission lines of CN and CCH are observed, whereas complex organic molecules and long carbon-chain molecules, which are characteristics of hot corino and warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC) source, respectively, are not detected. The rotation temperature of CH3OH is evaluated to be 31 K, which is significantly lower than that reported for the prototypical hot corino IRAS 16293-2422 (∼85 K). The deuterium fractionation ratios for CCH and H2CO are obtained to be 0.038 and 0.050, respectively, which are much lower than those in the hot corino. These results suggest a weak hot corino activity in R CrA IRS7B. On the other hand, the carbon-chain related molecules, CCH and c-C3H2, are found to be abundant. However, this source cannot be classified as a WCCC source, since long carbon-chain molecules are not detected. If WCCC and hot corino chemistry represent the two extremes in chemical compositions of low-mass Class 0 sources, R CrA IRS7B would be a source with a mixture of these two chemical characteristics. The UV radiation from the nearby Herbig Ae star R CrA may also affect the chemical composition. The present line survey demonstrates further chemical diversity in low-mass star-forming regions.


This paper presents a general methodology to design macroscopic fluid models that take into account localized kinetic upscaling effects. The fluid models are solved in the whole domain together with a localized kinetic upscaling that corrects the fluid model wherever it is necessary. This upscaling is obtained by solving a kinetic equation on the nonequilibrium part of the distribution function. This equation is solved only locally and is related to the fluid equation through a downscaling effect. The method does not need to find an interface condition as do usual domain decomposition methods to match fluid and kinetic representations. We show our approach applies to problems that have a hydrodynamic time scale as well as to problems with diffusion time scale. Simple numerical schemes are proposed to discretize our models, and several numerical examples are used to validate the method.


Several studies exist in the literature which utilise either dendritic (covalent) or self-assembling (non-covalent) strategies to achieve multivalent binding to a biological target, but rarely are the two explored together. Herein, we compare and contrast dendritic and self-assembling approaches to organise a multivalent array of ligands to bind the protein, integrin αvβ3. In the first instance, linear RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides were covalently attached to first and second generation dendritic frameworks, and a positive (monovalent) and negative control were synthesised. A fluorescence polarisation (FP) competition assay was used to quantify the binding. The first generation dendron (2.16) was the most effective binder, with an EC50 of 125 μM (375 μM per peptide unit); significantly better than the monovalent ligand (2.19), the binding of which could not be quantified in our assay, even at 1 mM concentration; whilst the second generation dendron (2.17) was somewhat less effective, indicating that there is an optimum number of ligands that can be displayed before the multiple ligand array becomes disadvantageous to the binding.

To explore the non-covalent approach, the linear RGD peptide was conjugated to either a single hydrophobic C12 aliphatic chain (3.2), an aromatic pyrene (3.4), a C22 aliphatic chain (3.6), or two C12 aliphatic chains (3.18), which gave rise to amphiphilic peptides which were able to self-assemble to differing degrees and into markedly different morphologies, as shown by a Nile Red encapsulation study and TEM imaging. Spherical micelles were formed by amphiphiles 3.2 and 3.4, whereas 3.6 and 3.18 produced cylindrical, rod-like micelles. Compounds 3.2 and 3.4 were the most effective integrin binders at concentrations of 200 μM and 110 μM, respectively, whilst 3.6 and 3.18 failed to produce a quantifiable binding concentration. The results therefore show that not only does the micellar self-assembly approach yield multivalent ligand displays with improved efficiency of binding compared with the dendritic method, but the morphology of the self-assembled system can also be detrimental to the recognition of the protein, at least in our FP assay and using purified integrin in solution.

Finally, we report on a family of linear RGD peptide conjugate hydrogelators. Of particular interest was the novel bolaamphiphile C12-[urea-RGD]2 (4.4), comprised of linear RGD peptide head groups connected to either end of a hydrophobic C12 aliphatic chain via urea linkages. The molecule undergoes thermoreversible chiral self-assembly in water and generates a sample-spanning nanofibrous gel network, as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and TEM/SEM imaging, respectively. Gels were formed at a minimum gel concentration (MGC) of 0.06 wt % (0.6 mg/ml, 0.5 mM), one of the lowest MGCs reported and represents a "super" hydrogel. We report on its responsiveness (breakdown) towards charge dense basic anions such as phosphate and acetate, but its stability in the presence of more charge diffuse halide and nitrate anions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the passive diffusion of encapsulated low MW additives out of the gel phase, whereas high MW, protein-sized molecules remain trapped within the fibrous network.


Moral paragon, public servant, founding father; scoundrel, opportunist, womanizing phony: There are many Benjamin Franklins. Now, as we celebrate the tercentenary of Franklin's birth, Jerry Weinberger reveals the Franklin behind the many masks and shows that the real Franklin was far more remarkable than anyone has yet discovered. Taking the Autobiography as the key to Franklin's thought, Weinberger argues that previous assessments have not yet probed to the bottom of Ben's famous irony and elusiveness. While others take the self-portrait as an elder statesman's relaxed and playful retrospection, Weinberger unveils it as the window to Franklin's deepest reflections on God, virtue, justice, equality, natural rights, love, the good life, the modern technological project, and the place and limits of reason in politics and human experience. Along the way, Weinberger explores Franklin's ribald humor, usually ignored or toned down by historians and critics, and shows it to be charming-and philosophic. Following Franklin's rhetorical twists and turns, Weinberger discovers a serious thinker who was profoundly critical of religion, moral virtue, and political ideals and whose grasp of human folly constrained his hopes for enlightenment and political reform. This close and amusing reading of Franklin portrays a scrupulous dialectical philosopher, humane and wise, but more provocative and disturbing than even the most hardboiled interpreters have taken Franklin to be a freethinking critic of Enlightenment freethinking, who played his moral and theological cards very close to the vest. Written for general readers who want to delve more deeply into the mind of a great man and great American, "Benjamin Franklin Unmasked" shows us a massively powerful intellect lurking behind the leather-apron countenance. This lively, witty, and revelatory book is indispensable for those who want to meet the real Franklin."


The use of E-Government in achieving good governance has been done by government to serve citizen nowadays. However, not all local government were able to implement it. PeGI that has been used as a benchmark to check government's readiness rate in implementing E-Government can't describe all process that need to be assessed in developing local E-Government. Moreover, the emergence of social problems, such as organizational culture and human resource management which inhibits maturation of local E-Government. Therefore, it needs one general maturity framework which capable to guide local government to develop their own E-Government and able to address social problems that arise. This study is the incorporation of previous research results using meta-synthesis method combine with best practice, primary in COBIT 5 that has been adjusted to address a factor of social problems. The design framework begins with identifying the business principle of local government, stakeholders, concerns, requirements, and obstacles; thus, produced a model of maturity framework that has six types stages, eight types dimensions, four types main categories and 69 types sub-category of assessment processes. In the end, after the framework was tested and evaluated, we can conclude this framework already comply with PeGI's result. From local government who had the best PeGI's result, they had main problem in social issues and in documenting process. For local government with very low PeGI's result, they had common constraints related to IT (low understanding of IT governance and IT management, lack of infrastructure, human resources, and understanding how to use IT Master Plan).