Fifty-one adrenal pheochromocytomas and 14 paragangliomas were evaluated for somatostatin (SRIH) receptor content with in vitro autoradiography on tissue sections from surgically removed tumors, using iodinated 125I[Tyr]3 octreotide as radioligand. Thirty-seven of 51 pheochromocytomas were SRIH receptor positive (73%), as well as 13 of 14 paragangliomas (93%). These SRIH receptors were of high affinity, pharmacologically specific for SRIH and localized on the tumor tissue. Using in vivo imaging techniques with radiolabeled SRIH analogs, paragangliomas could be visualized in five patients, as well as pheochromocytomas in two of three patients. All tumors tested subsequently in vitro (n = 7) were shown to contain SRIH receptors. A majority of pheochromocytomas were also shown to have a high tumoral SRIH content as measured by immunohistochemical techniques. Detection of SRIH messenger RNA in pheochromocytomas by in situ hybridization indicated that the SRIH was produced in the tumors. A weak inverse correlation was observed between SRIH receptor status and tumoral SRIH content, suggesting that SRIH receptors may be down-regulated by high levels of endogenous SRIH in some tumors. There was no correlation between the SRIH receptor status and sex, age, tumor size, benign vs. malignant tumor, or urinary metanephrine excretion. These tumors were also analyzed for allelic losses on various chromosomes and showed significant loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 17p, and 22q. All eight tumors with LOH on chromosome 1p were SRIH receptor positive (100%), whereas only 6 of 11 tumors without LOH on 1p (55%) were SRIH receptor positive, suggesting a correlation between LOH on 1p and SRIH receptor positive status. SRIH receptors thus represent a consistent pathobiochemical marker for most of these adrenal and extra-adrenal tumors. In addition, these receptors may be of potential interest for the in vivo localization of these tumors.


Lots of systems are available to help a leader transform their church. But change will fall short if we aren't loving God above all else, and then extending that love to those around us. In keeping with Foursquare's Missional Objective of church transformation, Heartland District Supervisor Dan Mundt shares insight on where true church transformation begins.


Abstract. Understanding of long-term dynamics of glaciers and ice caps is vital to assess their recent and future changes, yet few long-term reconstructions using ice flow models exist. Here we present simulations of the maritime Hardangerjokulen ice cap in Norway from the mid-Holocene through the Little Ice Age (LIA) to the present day, using a numerical ice flow model combined with glacier and climate reconstructions. In our simulation, under a linear climate forcing, we find that Hardangerjokulen grows from ice-free conditions in the mid-Holocene to its maximum extent during the LIA in a nonlinear, spatially asynchronous fashion. During its fastest stage of growth (2300–1300 BP), the ice cap triples its volume in less than 1000 years. The modeled ice cap extent and outlet glacier length changes from the LIA until today agree well with available observations. Volume and area for Hardangerjokulen and several of its outlet glaciers vary out-of-phase for several centuries during the Holocene. This volume–area disequilibrium varies in time and from one outlet glacier to the next, illustrating that linear relations between ice extent, volume and glacier proxy records, as generally used in paleoclimatic reconstructions, have only limited validity. We also show that the present-day ice cap is highly sensitive to surface mass balance changes and that the effect of the ice cap hypsometry on the mass balance–altitude feedback is essential to this sensitivity. A mass balance shift by +0.5 m w.e. relative to the mass balance from the last decades almost doubles ice volume, while a decrease of 0.2 m w.e. or more induces a strong mass balance–altitude feedback and makes Hardangerjokulen disappear entirely. Furthermore, once disappeared, an additional +0.1 m w.e. relative to the present mass balance is needed to regrow the ice cap to its present-day extent. We expect that other ice caps with comparable geometry in, for example, Norway, Iceland, Patagonia and peripheral Greenland may behave similarly, making them particularly vulnerable to climate change.


This Bachelor project has for aim, to set clear guidelines for the design and construction of IT
 interfaces intended to be used by disabled with limited movement capabilities in their hands. The
 analysis is based on empirical data collected from relevant populations, and written material from
 journals and articles describing research done in relevant fields of science and medicine.
 The initial step towards this project was taken when Bjarke Rasmussen, a private person suffering
 from tetraplegia, requested DTU's Science Shop, lead by Sosser Brodersen, to help developing a
 computer interface that meets his needs as a disabled person. The conclusions presented in this
 project are the first step in developing, a financially viable product, that answers the needs of a
 wider population of people disabled in their hands. Other steps, to come after this project, lie in the
 hands of other engineering students to come.
 IT interfaces, which the product in question derives from, are linking bricks between humans and
 the high tech machines that, ever growingly, take a leading part in our modern life. Computer
 interfaces, mainly joysticks and controllers used in relation to gaming consoles are a very popular
 and widely known example of these IT interfaces, still disabled with limited functionality in their
 hands find these interfaces not suitable for their needs. Surprisingly, most disabled cannot find a
 suitable alternative to ordinary IT interfaces in the market of specially designed interfaces, simply
 because there are no interfaces that look and operate in a conventional way, which take in account
 the special needs of those disabled. That is just what disabled, like Bjarke Rasmussen want: an
 ordinary looking interface, that is operated with the hands and fingers but still takes into account
 that their movement capabilities in the hands and fingers is limited.
 The gaming industry is enormous, with a total global annual revenue of about 40 billion $ and a
 very healthy growth rate. IT interfaces are a part of the gaming market and thus account for a
 proportionally large market. Analysis of the IT interfaces market, done in this project, shows that
 the related market of computer interfaces for disabled has a moderate-good potential. This
 recognition has large implications on the development of the interfaces, primarily because it
 emphasises the importance of designing products that cover a large part, if not all of the disabled
 needs. An analysis of the disabled users needs and limitations is consequently done as to clarify and
 reduce them to their lowest common factor. The process of finding the market forces and analysing
 the users needs points to a flexible design as a possible solution, and a closer look at existing
 products and related technologies leads me to suggest guidelines to the design & construction of IT
 interfaces for disabled. Amongst these guidelines, are the following major ones:
 • The product must be mass customized.
 • Partnership, with a major player in the gaming industry should be sought, from start.
 • The hardware design should be flexible in its array.
 • "Intelligent" Software should follow with the product as to allow optimal adaptation to the
 user.


OBJECTIVE
The combination of persistent hyperammonemia and hypoketotic hypoglycemia in infancy presents a diagnostic challenge. Investigation of the possible causes and regulators of the ammonia and glucose disposal may result in a true diagnosis and predict an optimum treatment.

PATIENT
Since the neonatal period, a white girl had been treated for hyperammonemia and postprandial hypoglycemia with intermittent hyperinsulinism. Her blood level of ammonia varied from 100 to 300 micromol/L and was independent of the protein intake.

METHODS
Enzymes of the urea cycle as well as glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were assayed in liver tissue and/or lymphocytes.

RESULTS
The activity of hepatic GDH was 874 nmol/(min.mg protein) (controls: 472-938). Half-maximum inhibition by guanosine triphosphate was reached at a concentration of 3.9 micromol/L (mean control values:.32). The ratio of plasma glutamine/blood ammonia was unusually low. Oral supplements with N-carbamylglutamate resulted in a moderate decrease of the blood level of ammonia. The hyperinsulinism was successfully treated with diazoxide.

CONCLUSION
A continuous conversion of glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate causes a depletion of glutamate needed for the synthesis of N-acetylglutamate, the catalyst of the urea synthesis starting with ammonia. In addition, the shortage of glutamate may lead to an insufficient formation of glutamine by glutamine synthetase. As GDH stimulates the release of insulin, the concomitant hyperinsulinism can be explained. This disorder should be considered in every patient with postprandial hypoglycemia and diet-independent hyperammonemia.


Since every Safety Management System (SMS) is intended to provide a framework by which an organisation manages risk, it is inevitable that accident investigators will take a close interest. The good investigator will always want to understand how the SMS was intended to control risk and how this control failed when put to the test. This paper seeks to provide a practitioner's view on the investigation of SMS. In doing so it hopes to answer the following questions: What are the key elements of a typical safety management system that an investigator is likely to encounter? How should the role of these elements in the causation of an accident be investigated? How have SMSs been featured in real investigations? How should the investigator address safety culture? Can investigations influence the shape of safety management systems?


The leading feminist in Congress for nearly twenty-five years, Pat Schroeder was elected in 1972. Beloved by the left and despised by the right, she was at the forefront of a new wave of assertive women lawmakers who refused to play by the old rules. This is the first biography of the outspoken Colorado Democrat, who has remained in the limelight since leaving public office.Schroeder's political career began at a time when many congressional committees were still controlled by a southern gerontocracy. She quickly established a reputation for speaking out in support of left-of-center causes that few of her colleagues would take on. Her razor wit and a talent for creating sound bites endeared her to the media (she coined the phrase "the Teflon president" to describe Ronald Reagan). But she proved equally adept at wielding influence in the vanguard of change. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, she was instrumental in passing legislation to end sexism in the military despite vicious personal attacks following the U. S. Navy Tailhook scandal. She was in the forefront of exposing gender bias in medical research and was an architect of the family leave bill. Author Joan Lowy covered Schroeder's congressional career for ten years and was given unlimited access to Schroeder's staff for this biography.


Wild populations of the green mojarra Cichlasoma beani , are being pressured by anthropogenic activities. It is possible to mitigate the deterioration of native species populations by developing culture techniques. Environmental factors such as light intensity and photoperiod may affect the development of fish under culture conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of these factors on growth, survival, and condition of C . beani cultured in different light intensities and photoperiods. Light intensities of 1000, 1500 and 2000 lux and photoperiod 24:00, 16:08 and 08:16 Light:Dark (L:D) were tested in 40 L tanks (10 fish per tank, three replicates per treatment) during eight weeks. There were no significant differences in light intensity or photoperiod, which was associated with the natural adaptation of the species to these factors. The results also suggested the favorable overall growing conditions during the trial and the response of the life cycle stage of the specimens used in this study. The results of the present study indicate that the natural adaptations of C . beani , allow the favorable culture in various light conditions in juveniles, which can be advantageous for commercial culture as may imply low energy costs.


ABSTRACT This study uncovers routine and individual-level influences upon the content of US front-page images. This examination is justified by a news-image environment increasingly dominated by a small number of central agencies and with a lack of photojournalist diversity. At the routine level, differences are assessed based on whether images are taken by an on-staff photojournalist or a wire photographer. At the individual level, differences are assessed based on the photographer's race and gender. The visual content studied includes three general categories: photojournalistic news values (presence of people, activity of persons of people in the image, whether eye contact is portrayed, emotional hierarchy, and topic), representation (race and gender of people or persons in the image), and visual elevation (circulation of the image in which the image appears, image usage, and image topic). Results of the study show a number of significant routine-level differences, but fewer differences based on the individual characteristics of the photojournalist, which primarily pertain to the representation of subjects.


Research on the evolution of the symbiosis between the boring mussel Fungiacava eilatensis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) and its mushroom coral hosts (Scleractinia: Fungiidae), which requires phylogenetic reconstructions of both the Mytilidae and the Fungiidae, contributes to the understanding of the complexity of coral reef ecosystems. Previously, Fungiacava was regarded as a genus that had descended from Leiosolenus or as belonging to the subfamily Crenellinae, but no phylogenetic support has been obtained for this hypothesis. In the present study, the 18s rRNA sequences of ten mytilid species and the shell microstructures of 12 mytilids were investigated. The phylogenetic position of F. eilatensis is discussed in relation to its associations with its host species. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis indicate that F. eilatensis forms a sister group with Leiosolenus simplex, a livecoral-boring species within the Leiosolenus clade. Scanning electron microscope observations indicate that the shell of F. eilatensis is constructed of 3 layers: the outer shell layer with a homogeneous structure, the middle shell layer as a sheet nacreous structure, and the inner shell layer with an irregular simple prism structure. This shell microstructure of F. eilatensis is similar to that of Leiosolenus malaccanus and L. simplex. These findings show that F. eilatensis has descended from a coral-boring Leiosolenus species and that it would be adequate for Fungiacava to be treated as Leiosolenus. However, because of its extraordinary shell shape it has been kept as a separate genus.


Hebbian plasticity in artificial neural networks is compelling for both its simplicity and biological plausibility. Changing the weight of a connection based only on the activations of the neurons it connects is straightforward and effective in combination with neuromodulation for reinforcing good behaviors. However, a major obstacle to any ambitious application of Hebbian plasticity is that the performance of a layer of Hebbian neurons is highly sensitive to the choice of inputs. If the inputs do not represent precisely the features of the environment that Hebbian connections must learn to correlate to actions, the network will struggle to learn at all. A recently-proposed solution to this problem is the Real-time Autoencoder- Augmented Hebbian Network (RAAHN), which inserts an autoencoder between the inputs and the Hebbian layer. This autoencoder then learns in real time to encode the raw inputs into higher-level features while the Hebbian connections in turn learn to correlate these higher-level features to correct actions. Until now, RAAHN has only been demonstrated to work when it is driven by an autopilot during training (in a robot navigation task), which means its experiences are carefully controlled. Progressing significantly beyond this early demonstration, the present investigation now shows how RAAHN can learn to navigate from scratch entirely on its own, without an autopilot. By removing the need for an autopilot, RAAHN becomes a powerful new Hebbian-centered approach to learning from sparse reinforcement with broad potential applications.


Dynamically Programmable Gate Arrays (DPGAs) represent a hybrid architecture lying between traditional FPGAs and SIMD arrays. Notably, these arrays can efficiently support computations where the function of the array elements needs to vary both among array elements during any single cycle and within any single array element over time. We describe our minimal, first generation DPGA. This DPGA uses traditional 4-LUTs for the basic array element, but backs LUT and interconnect programming cells with a 4-context memory implemented using dynamic RAM. Additionally, this DPGA supports non-intrusive background loads of non-active contexts and automatic refresh for the dynamic memory cells. We draw several lessons from this design experience which may be relevant to future DPGA and FPGA designs.


In this paper, we propose a novel analog circuit optimization methodology for achieving high parametric yield. We solve the statistical worst-case optimization problem by a sequence of linear programmings where performance metrics are fitted using sparse regression to take into account a large number of device-level parameters modeling process variations. In addition, we propose a margining mechanism to ensure accurate yield optimization with consideration of modeling errors. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated using two circuit examples where the cost function is minimized and high parametric yield (e.g., around 90%) is achieved compared to other conventional approaches.


Embedded network systems (ENS) provide a set of technologies that can link the physical world to large-scale networks in applications, such as monitoring of borders, infrastructure, health, the environment, automated production, supply chains, homes, and places of business. This book details the fundamentals for this interdisciplinary and fast-moving field. The book begins with mathematical foundations and the relevant background topics in signal propagation, sensors, detection and estimation theory, and communications. Key component technologies in ENS are discussed: synchronization and position localization, energy and data management, actuation, and node architecture. Ethical, legal, and social implications are addressed. The final chapter summarizes some of the lessons learned in producing multiple ENS generations. A focus on fundamental principles together with extensive examples and problem sets make this text ideal for use in graduate courses on electrical engineering and computer science. It will also appeal to engineers involved in the design of ENS.


While quantum chemical predictions have strongly suggested a decade ago the existence of mercury in its oxidation state +IV, no experimental evidence has been found yet. To enable the search for alternative targets and preparation routes by quantum chemical methods, the present work has validated density functional methods against accurate CCSD(T) results for structures, reaction energies and activation barriers for X2-elimination, and atomization energies for three HgX4 systems (X=F, Cl, H). Hybrid functionals with ca. 20% Hartree–Fock exchange like B3LYP, B1LYP or MPW1PW91 have provided the best energetics, whereas local or gradient-corrected "pure" functionals overestimate, and the BHandHLYP hybrid functional underestimates the stability of the HgIV state. Basis sets are suggested that provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy and computational effort in calculations on larger systems.


Understanding the spatial structure of fossil localities is critical for interpreting Earth system processes based on their geographic distribution. Coordinates of marine and terrestrial sites in the conterminous United States for 17 time bins were analyzed using point pattern statistics. Lacunarity analysis shows that the spatial distributions of sites are fractal for almost every studied interval, indicating that clumping of localities occurs at multiple scales. Random hierarchical multiplicative processes provide a theoretical null model for the distribution of collecting sites, consistent with their occurrence being a complex product of numerous biological, geological, and anthropogenic processes acting at many spatial and temporal scales. Mechanistic models for the formation, preservation, and exposure of fossil localities and other geologic entities can be tested using point pattern and related spatial statistics.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the use made of local and demand responsive bus services by disabled people. An attempt is made to place the use made of the service within the context of the total travel needs of such people, and to ascertain how such services should be planned. Services in Doncaster, Glasgow, Haringey and East London are monitored. Firstly, a description of the bus services is given, together with an outline of the methodology used. The users of the services are then described, including the types of disabilities encountered, use of wheelchairs, adaptions in the home, brief socio-economic data, and outside home activities. The extent to which people receive visits at home from both medical and non-medical services is also recorded. The level of use made of the special bus services, and the users' attitudes towards them is then described. The value of such special services to their users is also recorded. The final sections of the study consider the use made of ordinary bus services by the respondents, and compares data from this survey with national data from the general household survey. (TRRL)


In many European cities public transport, particularly busses, are unattractive and underused, due to the lack of direct connections, the need of transfers and the loss of time and comfort. Hence, this study aims at developing the business concept of an alternative or complementary type of public transport which enables a quicker and more flexible service and enhances patronage by using comfortable minibuses. First the business environment and the integration of a new service in the urban mobility market are identified. Then, in order to approve this concept, a concrete case study concerning a minibus service between the cities of Lisbon and Oeiras (Portugal) is applied. A mobility survey and focus group interviews are analysed to identify the current supply and demand. Based on a discrete choice model, a factor analysis and further descriptive statistics, the main target group of previous car users with needs of a quick and flexible transport service, particularly during peak hour, is confirmed. Besides, some user groups with a lower value of time and interests in a comfortable and easy accessible minibus service out of peak hour can be identified. Hence, the proposed service combines both types of needs, incorporating short routes, few stops and high frequencies during peak hour and an adapted, flexible service with significantly lower frequencies and the possibilities of additional on-demand service out of peak hour and on the weekends. At the end the potential risks for the operator companies are identified and the technical and operational feasibility of the service are critically discussed in the future urban mobility systems in Europe. However, before the real implementation of the proposed minibus concept, a deeper marketing research should be carried out, examining the expected demand for these types of services and the establishment of partnerships.


The purpose of this study was to explore motivational indicators of self-regulated learning (SRL) and the relationship between self-regulation (SR) and perceived health among university students enrolled in physical activity (PA) classes. One hundred thirty-one Turkish students participating in physical education activity classes at two universities completed questionnaires assessing motivational regulations and perceived health. Qualitative comments about why students enrolled in their physical education activity classes were also included. Results indicated the students endorsed an overall intrinsic-oriented SR profile. Above average Identified and Intrinsic motivational regulation subscale scores, reinforced by qualitative comments expressing personal importance of activity, provided strong indicators of students valuing their activity class experiences. Of the four motivational SR subscales, Identified regulation predicted student perceived health. The lack of significant gender effects was a noteworthy finding among this population of university students, reinforcing the importance both genders place on internal regulation and physical activity.


This study is focused on determination of the important factors that have affected the agriculture production in Malaysia. The data on interest rate (IR) and government agriculture expenditure (GE) were collected from Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) monthly bulletin statistic. Besides that, the number of labor use in agriculture sector (LA) was collected from the World Development Indicator (WDI). All data collected were based on the time series (annually) from 1983 to 2016. In this study, the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) tests are used to determine the stationary of the time series data and the overall findings showed that the time series data are stationary at order one or I(1). In this study, the result of Engle Granger (EG) co-integration test was used and stated that all the factors were co-integrated with the agriculture productivity. However, the GE2 and interest rate (IR) are the only factors that showed a negative relationship. In the long run, all the factors are significantly affecting agricultural productivity, while the interest rate is insignificant to determine the agriculture production. Furthermore, the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) model showed that all the factors are significantly influencing the agricultural production in Malaysia except the interest rate. In the nutshell, this study suggests that the policy maker  should take the precautions in the budget spending in agriculture sector, which should not exceed the threshold spending of RM3,057 million.


Arc routing problems are prevalent in our world today. They are important to society and businesses on a daily basis. The purpose of this work is to consider a problem that has not been addressed in the literature. That problem is how to find the maximal weighted tour of an undirected set of arcs that visits all of the edges within some time constraint, and no edge twice within some time buffer. This problem, similar to most arc and vehicle routing problems, is known to be NP-hard, and thusly can only be solved optimally for the most simplistic problems. Furthermore, being a mixed-integer nonlinear program, most solvers may not be able to guarantee a solution is optimal for even small problem instances. To be able to address realistic problem sets with a large number of vertices, a comparative, route-building heuristic was developed to find a near optimal tour. This heuristic, the mixed-integer nonlinear program solver, and a hand solution were all compared for a relatively simple four node network problem. The program for the mixed-integer nonlinear solver could not solve the problem optimally. A hand solution found for the network was used to show the formulation's accuracy through the solver program, and was checked for general optimality by the solver. A heuristic was built that was able to find this optimal solution. It is assumed that the heuristic is scalable and hence will also provide a near optimal solution for higher complexity problem instances with a larger number of nodes and arcs.


A critical area of competitive advantage is the ability of organizations to lead rather than follow changes in the market. This means having the ability to roll out the right changes quickly and reliably in a way that delivers a return on investment. Managing Organizational Change brings together all the different roles and functions within an organization that a leader has to manage effectively to ensure successful and sustainable organizational change. Centred around the Cycle of Change Model, it provides a practical yet reflective overview of the four things you have to have (culture, capacity, commitment and capability) and the six things you have to do (direct, drive, deliver, prepare, propagate and profit). It explains which type of resources you need in order to achieve long term change, which tasks, roles and activities need to be in place and crucially, how to lead during a time of great unease.

 Managing Organizational Change will help you deliver better outcomes, reflect on what your organization needs to do better and ensure change is embedded throughout your organization.


abstract This paper presents concepts about women's self development, closely connected to the issues of time, and also demonstrates these women's issues through certain poems of Sylvia Plath (Lady Lazarus and Tulips). It is discussing birth-giving - also the time before and after - as being real milestones on our way, literally 'crucial points'. These experiences in one's life should be called initiation. Internal time and timelessness are very important for women. Women have to ask themselves - when to develop, how to map out my time, where am I, where to go? How women, fairy-tales, modern myths and psychoanalysis could be connected in the light of the former questions? This could be familiar from fairy tales - it is like Cinderella picking and choosing seeds. It is familiar from modern biographies - Sylvia fighting in the kitchen with the meat and timelessness. Introduction Women and time are exceptionally attached to each other. Internal time and timelessness are interacting real time - personal lifetime and the time of civilization. Women's history is strongly connected to time - it does matter in what century, or even what decade lives a woman. In the times of a society, there are always certain groups where all problems or tensions are being exposed, emblematically dramatized. Women and women's body are usually shows us what is "wrong" at a time - see hysteria at the end of the XIX. Century or its heritage: eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia) in our time in the XX-XXI. Century (Csabai -Eros, 2000). Every single women have to ask themselves in her personal lifetime - when to develop, how to map out my time, where am I, where to go? We know that timing of self-development is appearing symbolic form in fairy tales - it is like Cinderella picking and choosing seeds; or the poor girl working at Aunt Holle (Grimm, 2009). Modern biographies (let us say - real women's actual lives) can also show us something to learn: see Sylvia Plath fighting in the kitchen with the meat and timelessness. In this paper I present some ideas about women's self development, closely connected to the issues of time, and I also demonstrate women issues through poems of Sylvia Plath. I have chosen to analyze Lady Lazarus (1962) and Tulips (1961). My concept is not based directly or cited classic feminist critics, or literature, although there is no doubt I think and write in a kind of feminist way about women. Women and self-development Fairy tales Fairy tales are usually representing a developmental process - an individual, or collective; at the end of the story, through turns and transformations, the hero/heroine stands changed before us. He or she has to fight various enemies, accomplish countless deeds. Fairy tales are hiding meta-stories mediated by symbols, bearing meanings of life - an ontological message (Csabai - Csorsz - Szonyi, 1997). We can also recognize that in fairy tales, women have different tasks from men. It follows that self-development in women differs from in men. This phenomenon is well known in itself. Women's journey to their self is not the kind of a heroic journey to overpower evil enemies - as it is with men; but it is the kind of special issues: helping, holding, feeding and maintaining nature's values (von Franz, 1995). We can look for these differences easily in fairy tales - a good example is Cinderella, where at first glance, the girl looks like a victim of her environment, but if we look through the lines, we can see a little witch (planting a magic tree, summoning birds to help her), who is really knowing when to suffering silently (or crying gently), and when to summon magic power learned from her mother. The original Grimm fairy tales does not contain a fairy aunt, but a mother who teaches every important thing to get on well (Grimm, 2009). Fusion and Union Livia Mohas (1998) concerned about women's self development speaks about the creative woman and the desire for union. …


In this paper, we address video scalability in the framework of a region-based coding system, allowing content-based functionalities. The proposed algorithm can construct scaled layers from a video sequence, each one with either fixed bit-rate or fixed quality, allowing content based manipulation. Two modes of operation have been defined: a supervised mode, that allows the user to select the objects to be coded in the enhancement layer, and an unsupervised mode, where this selection is done by the algorithm itself.


The trace contaminant control system (TCCS) located in the International Space Station s (ISS) U.S. laboratory module employs physical adsorption, thermal catalytic oxidation, and chemical adsorption to remove trace chemical contamination produced by equipment offgassing and anthropogenic sources from the cabin atmosphere. The chemical adsorption stage, consisting of a packed bed of granular lithium hydroxide (LiOH), is located after the thermal catalytic oxidation stage and is designed to remove acid gas byproducts that may be formed in the upstream oxidation stage. While in service on board the ISS, the LiOH bed exhibited a change in flow resistance that leading to flow control difficulties in the TCCS. Post flight evaluation revealed LiOH granule size attrition among other changes. An experimental program was employed to investigate mechanisms hypothesized to contribute to the change in the packed bed s flow resistance. Background on the problem is summarized, including a discussion of likely mechanisms. The experimental program is described, results are presented, and implications for the future are discussed.


On the basis of a more attentive analysis of sources and critical texts available, the article looks into the elements which have characterized the attitude of the three revealed religions, especially Islam, towards the interpretation of dreams and the divinatory and magic irrational in the passage from polytheism to the one God. Whilst in Christianity divinatory powers are banned and the interpreters of dreams are condemned to death without exception, in the Old Testament only the elects of God are allowed to give interpretations. In Islam all magic and divinatory practices are disparaged and greater value attributed to dreams and the art of interpretation. Mohamed is the first interpreter of dreams which he uses to begin his prophesy. Through the ru'ya¯, lifelike dreams and the prophetic visions, the one God sends messages to the prophet and to the men of faith. Dreams and the research into images form a basis in the process of initiation of the Sufi, the mystics of Islam who use these means to realize the higher self which can, when abandoning itself to God, reach either levels of folly or exceptional forms of life and art.


We study projectile motion with air resistance quadratic in speed. We consider three regimes of approximation: low-angle trajectory where the horizontal velocity, u, is assumed to be much larger than the vertical velocity w; high-angle trajectory where ; and split-angle trajectory where . Closed form solutions for the range in the first regime are obtained in terms of the Lambert W function. The approximation is simple and accurate for low angle ballistics problems when compared to measured data. In addition, we find a surprising behavior that the range in this approximation is symmetric about , although the trajectories are asymmetric. We also give simple and practical formulas for accurate evaluations of the Lambert W function.


"Joe Rauh was the type of lawyer who comes along maybe once in a generation---talented, politically astute, effective, and stubbornly devoted to principles, the type of person who not only could but did make a difference. He deserves a biography that explores not only his persona, but the America in which he lived and worked, and how he made a difference to so many people. Michael Parrish has given us just such a book, an exceedingly fine, well-written story that will make clear to another generation not only who Joe Rauh was, but why we as a nation will always need someone like him."---Melvin I. Urofsky, Professor of Law and Public Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University"Michael Parrish has captured the life of this great civil libertarian in splendid fashion. His biography of this energetic New Deal liberal weaves effortlessly between public and private, friend and foe, victory and defeat. With Parrish as a sure guide, "Citizen Rauh" transports the reader through an American history that begins with Sacco and Vanzetti and ends as he battles CIA skullduggery in the 1980s. This biography should be on your shelf and in your heart."---Nelson Lichtenstein, MacArthur Foundation Professor of History and Director of the Center for the Study of Work, Labor, and Democracy, University of California, Santa Barbara"Michael Parrish has fashioned a biography filled with Rauh's spirit, achievements, his losses, and above all, the importance of his presence. This is a wonderful account of a giant of late 20th century political and legal affairs."---Stanley Kutler, E. Gordon Fox Professor Emeritus of American Institutions, History, and Law, University of Wisconsin, Madison"The causes to which Rauh committed his life retain their moral force today. This well-crafted, often powerful, biographical study will appeal to anyone with a serious interest in postwar liberalism."---Daniel Scroop, University of Sheffield"""Citizen Rauh" tells the story of American lawyer Joseph L. Rauh Jr., who kept alive the ideals of New Deal liberalism and broadened those ideals to include a commitment to civil rights. Rauh's clients included Arthur Miller, Lillian Hellman, A. Philip Randolph, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. With good reason Freedom Rider John Lewis once called him "the blackest white man I ever knew."No lawyer in the post-1945 era did more to protect the economic interests of working-class Americans than Rauh, who fought for the unions as they struggled for legitimacy and against them when they betrayed their own members. No lawyer stood more courageously against repressive anticommunism during the 1950s or advanced the cause of racial justice more vigorously in the 1960s and 1970s. No lawyer did more to defend the constitutional vision of the Warren Court and resist the efforts of Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan to undo its legacy. Throughout his life, Rauh continued to articulate a progressive vision of law and politics, ever confident that his brand of liberalism would become vital once again when the cycle of American politics took another turn.Jacket design by Paula NewcombJacket photograph: Joseph L. Rauh Jr. with President Lyndon B. Johnson. Courtesy of the Estate of Olie W. Rauh."


The optic nerve belongs to the central nervous system (CNS). Because of the lack of neurotrophic factors in the micro environment of the CNS and the presence of myelin and glial scar-related inhibitory molecules, and the inherent low renewal potentials of CNS neurons comparing to the peripheral nerve system, it is difficult to spontaneously regenerate the optic nerve after injury. Protecting damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), supplementing neurotrophic factor, antagonizing axon regeneration inhibitory factor, and regulating the inherent regeneration potential of RGCs can effectively promote the regeneration and repair of optic nerve. Basic research has made important progress, including the restoration of visual function, but there are still a lot of unsolved problems in clinical translation of these achievements, so far there is no ideal method of treatment of optic nerve injury. Therefore, it is rather urgent to strengthen the cooperation between basic and clinical research, to promote the transformation of basic research to the clinical applications as soon as possible, which will change the unsatisfactory clinical application status.

Key words:
Optic nerve injury; Retinal ganglion cells; Axons; Editorial


Laser speckle is a kind of noise in triangulation displacement measurement. It's meaningless to restrain speckles when the imaging light spot is so weak that facular image cannot be extracted from speckles. Speckles can also be viewed as a kind of information carrier of displacement of the interface. In this paper, digital correlation method was used in laser triangulation displacement measurement system to measure the displacement of rough surface with strong scattering and the experimental results were analyzed. The results show that the digital correlation method is feasible in triangulation displacement measurement system, the measuring range can reach micron grade and the experimental errors are below 2%. This method can overcome the disadvantage of traditional laser triangular displacement measurement in rough surface with strong scattering, improve the accuracy and expand the scope of application.


Probit analysis identified factors influencing adoption of precision farming technologies by Southeastern cotton farmers. Younger, more educated farmers who operated larger farms and were optimistic about the future of precision farming were most likely to adopt site-specific information technology. The probability of adopting variable rate input application technology was higher for younger farmers who operated larger farms, owned more of the land they farmed, were more informed about the costs and benefits of precision farming, and were optimistic about the future of precision farming. Computer use was not important possibly because custom hiring shifts the burden of computer use to agribusiness firms.


In this collective case study, we described three agricultural education programs that challenge stereotypes of agricultural education in urban settings. We observed and interviewed teachers in different environments and, in many cases, while working with students. Observations were made in classrooms and laboratories at secondary schools, in livestock barns, greenhouses, and vineyards on school farms. We explored the reciprocal relationship between personal, behavioral, and environmental determinants of social cognitive theory within and among components of the total agricultural education program model. In each program, all three components of the total agricultural education program model were being implemented using a combination of activities and curriculum that would often be considered traditional content. According to teachers, agriculture was a novel, captivating topic for students. Students' lack of familiarity with production agriculture provided opportunities for students to experience something new.


The frequency-dependent characteristics of P- and S-wave attenuation in the upper crust of NW Himalayas have been estimated using local earthquakes for a frequency range of 1.5 to 18 Hz. A total of 43 local events of magnitude 2.1 - 4.8, mostly from the vicinity of Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT) have been used in the analysis. The extended coda normalization methods were applied to estimate the quality factors for P- waves (QP) and S-waves (QS) and the single back-scattering model has been used earlier (Kumar et al. [1]) to determine the quality factor for coda waves (QC). The observed quality factors QP and QS is strongly frequency dependent and the estimated average frequency dependent relation is given by QP = (97 ± 3)f (1.06 ± 0.06) and QS = (127 ± 6)f (0.96±0.06) respectively for P- and S-waves. A comparison of QS estimated in this study and QC previously reported shows that QC > QS for entire frequency range. This indicates the enrichment of coda waves and the importance of scattering attenuation to the attenuation of S-waves in the study region infested with faults and fractures. The ratio QS/QP is found to be greater than unity for the entire frequency range indicating that the body waves from source to station paths crossed a crustal volume with dry and rigid rocks. The frequency dependent relations developed in this study can be very useful to ground motion modeling which in turn is required in the seismic hazard assessment of the region.


This chapter sketches the contours of precarious employment in Ireland in the first decade of the new millennium, and assesses its nature, causes and consequences over the past decade and a half of concentrated economic, social and demographic change. As an open economy and liberal welfare state within the European Union that has explicitly targeted foreign direct investment, Ireland provides a particularly interesting field within which to examine precarious employment. The analysis unfolds in five sections. Following an outline of the essential elements of precarious employment, the second section briefly situates the current Irish labour market in the context of the past decade and a half of economic, employment, social and demographic change and, since 1997, Ireland's adherence to the European Employment Strategy. The third section describes prevalent forms of precarious employment in Ireland. The following section points out that the groups most strongly represented historically in precarious employment, that is, women and young people, are now joined by male and to a lesser extent female migrant workers. It links this development to the confluence of labour market demand in the context of changing patterns of migration, particularly within the European Union. The concluding section considers the implications of the analysis of developments in the Irish context for forging comparative analysis of precarious employment, pointing in particular to the role of migration within the EU and 'the changing geography of production' (Krugman 1997: 51) not only in its positive but also in its negative manifestations.


Countries around the world face the challenge of maintaining long-term sustainable economic growth and development under the threat of climate change. By identifying and pursuing a sustainable development pathway now, they are better positioned to reach their economic growth goals while addressing climate change impacts and lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low emission development strategies - development plans that promote sustainable social and economic development while reducing long-term GHG emissions - provide a pathway to preparing for a global low emission future. Partner country governments are working with the U.S. government through the Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) program to further their national development objectives.


Our thesis is to design a group of theaters in the harbor and industrial area of Stensarmen in Tonsberg. The project is based on existing industrial buildings and we want to find out how we can preserve the historical character of the place. By adding new structures we will also create a new public space for the city. The site contains several buildings and constructions that we find both an architectural and historical value in preserving. Our ambition is to provide a new spatial quality among the former industrial buildings. We wish to achieve a theater-architecture that we could not have achieved without the existing structures. The project aims to create a complex, varied and different theater experience. We wish to expose the functions that are usually hidden in traditional theatres such as workshops and spaces for theater production. Stensarmen is one of several areas in Tonsberg which is selected as a potential area for future urban development. We consider our project as an important part of this development. We want to challenge typical transformation processes through the following: 1. To reuse industrial fragments on site. 2. Ensure a public connection along the waterfront. 3. Adding a cultural program that can function as an important generator for future urban development. We consider our project to be the first construction phase in the development of the area. The future urban development will eventually meet and relate our project. We have chosen to work with theater because we find the different parts of the theatreprogram intriguing. Traditionally, the first connection point between the employees of theatre and the audience is on the stage. One of the things that fascinates us in particular is the production areas, normally placed in workshops separate from the areas accessible for the spectators. We see an interesting potential in a different organization of theatres. Our ambition is to expose the functions that are normally hidden to the public. Can this contribute to a new and different theater experience?


Cadmium uptake in Synechococcus aquatilis (Reynaud) Strain SY01 showed a biphasic behavior, with an initial rapid passive cell wall interaction phase and a later slow intracellular cation uptake process. The cell wall uptake process followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent K m of the uptake system was 38.89 µM, a relatively high affinity K m value compared to other metal uptake systems. Fitting of experimental data to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms showed that binding of cadmium to the cell surface was monolayer and/or multilayer, although the monolayer adsorption was more probable, as exemplified by a high correlation coefficient. This could be explained by the presence of a strong primary binding site which was responsible for a monolayer adsorption and a weak secondary binding site which could be responsible for a multilayer adsorption. The uptake process was found to be relatively specific for cadmium. Equimolar amounts (200 µM) of cobalt, nickel, magnesium, and copper did not significantly affect cadmium uptake. Synechococcus aquatilis Strain SY01 cells also showed an efflux mechanism for cadmium, although the amount of excluded cadmium was insignificant compared with the amount of adsorbed cadmium in the cell wall.


Self-organized networks require some mechanism to ensure cooperation and fairness in the face of individual utility maximizing users and potential malicious attacks. Otherwise, network performance can be seriously deteriorated. One promising approach are decentralized reputation systems. However, these are vulnerable to users with an interest in passing on false information. Robustness against liars has not yet been analyzed in detail. In this paper, we provide a first step to the robustness analysis of a reputation system based on the deviation test as introduced in [6]. Users accept second hand information only if this does not differ too much from their reputation values. We show that the system exhibits a phase transition: In the subcritical regime, the reputation system is robust and the lying has no effect. In the supercritical regime, the lying does have an impact. We obtain the exact critical values via a mean field approach. We then use explicit computation to verify the mean field results. Thus, we can give conditions under which the deviation test makes the reputation system robust. We also obtain quantitative results on what goes wrong in the supercritical regime.


Public servants are expected to be good stewards of resources, including the energy and environmental resources consumed in a public organization's day-to-day operations. Many government organizations have enacted policies to mitigate the environmental impact of their operations. Even in the absence of formal policies, however, individual public employees might engage in a number of discretionary, pro-environmental behaviors known as eco-initiatives. What motivational factors cause a public employee to exhibit eco-initiative? To answer this question, we draw on a theoretical framework based on connectedness to nature, organizational commitment, public service motivation (PSM), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We use employee-level data from a large city in the southeast United States to examine employee participation in individual eco-initiatives. We contextualize these discretionary initiatives as interesting forms of OCB, which are directed toward the environment (OCB-E). Our findings suggest that connectedness to nature, organizational commitment, and PSM are significant predictors of eco-initiative in the public workplace. In addition, we find that PSM conditions the impact of organizational commitment on eco-initiatives for certain types of employees. We conclude with a discussion that underscores the importance of individual employee motivation in discretionary efforts that advance OCB-E and effective public stewardship generally.


We study monotonicity testing of Boolean functions over the hypergrid [n]d and design a non-adaptive tester with 1-sided error whose query complexity is O(d5/6) · poly(log n, 1/e). Previous to our work, the best known testers had query complexity linear in d but independent of n. We improve upon these testers as long as n = 2do(1). To obtain our results, we work with what we call the augmented hypergrid, which adds extra edges to the hypergrid. Our main technical contribution is a Margulis-style isoperimetric result for the augmented hypergrid, and our tester, like previous testers for the hypercube domain, performs directed random walks on this structure.


BACKGROUND
Stable angina pectoris is a chronic medical condition with significant impact on mortality and quality of life; it can be macrovascular or microvascular in origin. Ranolazine is a second-line anti-anginal drug approved for use in people with stable angina. However, the effects of ranolazine for people with angina are considered to be modest, with uncertain clinical relevance.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of ranolazine on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, quality of life, acute myocardial infarction incidence, angina episodes frequency and adverse events incidence in stable angina patients, used either as monotherapy or as add-on therapy, and compared to placebo or any other anti-anginal agent.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and the Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science in February 2016, as well as regional databases and trials registers. We also screened reference lists.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which directly compared the effects of ranolazine versus placebo or other anti-anginals in people with stable angina pectoris were eligible for inclusion.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Estimates of treatment effects were calculated using risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD) and standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a fixed-effect model. Where we found statistically significant heterogeneity (Chi² P < 0.10), we used a random-effects model for pooling estimates. Meta-analysis was not performed where we found considerable heterogeneity (I² ≥ 75%). We used GRADE criteria to assess evidence quality and the GRADE profiler (GRADEpro GDT) to import data from Review Manager 5.3 to create 'Summary of findings' tables.

MAIN RESULTS
We included 17 RCTs (9975 participants, mean age 63.3 years). We found very limited (or no) data to inform most planned comparisons. Summary data were used to inform comparison of ranolazine versus placebo. Overall, risk of bias was assessed as unclear.For add-on ranolazine compared to placebo, no data were available to estimate cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. We found uncertainty about the effect of ranolazine on: all-cause mortality (1000 mg twice daily, RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.26 to 2.71; 3 studies, 2053 participants; low quality evidence); quality of life (any dose, SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.52; 4 studies, 1563 participants; I² = 73%; moderate quality evidence); and incidence of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1000mg twice daily, RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.08 to 2.07; 2 studies, 1509 participants; low quality evidence). Add-on ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily reduced the fervour of angina episodes (MD -0.66, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.35; 3 studies, 2004 participants; I² = 39%; moderate quality evidence) but increased the risk of non-serious adverse events (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.40; 3 studies, 2053 participants; moderate quality evidence).For ranolazine as monotherapy compared to placebo, we found uncertain effect on cardiovascular mortality (1000 mg twice daily, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.88; 1 study, 2604 participants; low quality evidence). No data were available to estimate non-cardiovascular mortality. We also found an uncertain effect on all-cause mortality for ranolazine (1000 mg twice daily, RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.25; 3 studies, 6249 participants; low quality evidence), quality of life (1000 mg twice daily, MD 0.28, 95% CI -1.57 to 2.13; 3 studies, 2254 participants; moderate quality evidence), non-fatal AMI incidence (any dose, RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.12; 3 studies, 2983 participants; I² = 50%; low quality evidence), and frequency of angina episodes (any dose, MD 0.08, 95% CI -0.85 to 1.01; 2 studies, 402 participants; low quality evidence). We found an increased risk for non-serious adverse events associated with ranolazine (any dose, RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.00; 3 studies, 947 participants; very low quality evidence).

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We found very low quality evidence showing that people with stable angina who received ranolazine as monotherapy had increased risk of presenting non-serious adverse events compared to those given placebo. We found low quality evidence indicating that people with stable angina who received ranolazine showed uncertain effect on the risk of cardiovascular death (for ranolazine given as monotherapy), all-cause death and non-fatal AMI, and the frequency of angina episodes (for ranolazine given as monotherapy) compared to those given placebo. Moderate quality evidence indicated that people with stable angina who received ranolazine showed uncertain effect on quality of life compared with people who received placebo. Moderate quality evidence also indicated that people with stable angina who received ranolazine as add-on therapy had fewer angina episodes but increased risk of presenting non-serious adverse events compared to those given placebo.


Abstract This article presents analyses of documents from special schools in Sweden for students in the care of social welfare who have been assessed with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The aim is to use actor-network theory to analyse how blame and critique are handled in individual educational plans, and how responsibilities are produced in interactions between human and non-human actors. The documentation can be read as a materialised network that produces a distributed responsibility; the network is stabilised by accepting and recognising differences between actors. The template headings for each actor enable different translations of the network and make it possible for responsibilities to be distributed between students, parents, social service officers and teachers, thereby reducing the risk of conflicts. While the network provides opportunities for students to become learners, it is silent on the topic of adults' responsibilities.


By combining Danish registry data covering the population of Danish workers with the Danish Labor Force Survey (DLFS) which provides detailed data on working hours, we provide fresh evidence and insights on a potentially important role that career concerns/considerations play in accounting for the incidence of long working hours. First, we obtain new and robust evidence with external validity on a positive association between working hours and career success (measured by top management appointments). Second, we illuminate that the observed positive association between working hours and career success is consistent with three distinct theories: (i) human capital; (ii) rat race; and (iii) tournament. Third, guided by each theory, we go beyond a simple association between the quantity of working hours and career success, and explore what kinds of working hours are more beneficial for career advancement. Specifically we find: (i) for managers, working long hours will help them increase their odds of top management appointments in the same firm, while not in a different firm, while for non-managerial professionals and other workers, both internal and external hours will help them raise their odds of career success; (ii) the odds of top management appointments will rise significantly by becoming the longest working hour person among the peers; (iii) working nonstandard hours (evening/night) will be beneficial for career advancement; and (iv) workers with high desired hours will enjoy greater odds of top management appointments even after controlling for actual hours. We interpret each finding from the three theoretical perspectives.


TAPS, correcting any issues and ensuring their publications look and feel exactly how they want. This interaction with TAPS replaces asynchronous email communication with a proceedings vendor. Once authors are happy with their final versions, these documents are ready for archiving in the ACM Digital Library. Conferences are already producing proceedings using TAPS, including TVX 2019 [2], ICMI 2019 [3], and WWW 2019 [4]. Changes for authors. As we transition to the new ACM workflow, you can expect to see changes in how you prepare and review publications. The most visible change is submitting your manuscript in a single column format, limited by words or characters instead of pages. Submission documents will include minimal formatting, as required for compatibility with TAPS, and encourages authors and reviewers to focus on content, not layout. There are also some additional steps that Word authors will complete to prepare their accepted submissions The way that ACM archives publications is changing. Although our working practice as authors, reviewers, and readers must adapt to accommodate these changes, the benefits of a more resilient, flexible, and accessible archive are worth such an effort. Separating content from presentation. The key motivation for changing our publication process is to archive publications as markup, not PDF. Archiving the content of publications in a raw format that is independent of the presentation is a significant step forward. This approach adds new capabilities to our ACM Digital Library and better prepares us for the future. Separating content from presentation means we can view publications in dynamic formats, including accessible HTML, responsive layouts in browsers and e-readers, and new formats we haven't yet imagined. Decoupling our work from PDF also enables a more resilient archive, preparing us for a future that moves away from print formats and print format metaphors. The new publication workflow. ACM has developed a new publication platform called the ACM Publication System (TAPS) [1]. TAPS automates some of the manual work completed by proceedings editors, such as checking for formatting and required sections, and adds new functionality to the publication production process. TAPS takes a single column source file in LaTex or Word and converts this into a two-column PDF, responsive HTML, and ePub formats. Authors then iterate on these documents using for publication. This includes adding markup to their references and validating the structure and application of styles in their document [5]. SIGCHI support for authors. SIGCHI volunteers have been actively involved in testing TAPS, developing usable templates, and exploring how TAPS can be incorporated into our current publication practices. SIGCHI volunteers are also engaged in policy development at ACM, for example, contributing to policies on conflict of interest and name changes in the ACM Digital Library. The SIGCHI Executive Committee (EC) supports authors through resources on the SIGCHI website. For example, there are numerous policies and procedures around conduct, ethics, and harassment, and the EC has summarized these policies to help authors navigate these complicated issues [6]. If you are impacted by ACM or SIGCHI policies, the SIGCHI EC can advise and/or advocate for authors. For more information, please contact the EC at firstname.lastname@example.com.


Analyses are given of 137 foyaites and related syenites from the grOnnedal- ĭka alkaline complex, South Greenland. The distribution of the felsic normative components in the Lower Laminated Series (Emeleus 1964) is interpreted partly in terms of the early settling of nepheline followed by nepheline and feldspar together. The laminated feldspathic syenites identified at the top of the Lower Series are described and their significance is discussed. The Upper Series shows no pronounced differentiation of felsic components. The problem of describing systematically the complicated chemical variation among the cumulus rocks of the complex is to seme extent overcome by the application of R-mode factor analysis, the principles of which are explained. The chenical characteristics of the various minor syenite units distinguished by Emeleus (1964) are described. Chemical comparisons between all of the syenite units leads to the postulation of three broad 'taagma associations" contributing to the complex. Analyses are also given of 50 alkaline dykes belonging to later magmatic episodes. From relationships in the system Na(_2)O-K(_2)O-Al(_2)O(_3)- SiO(_2), it is argued that the members of the peralkaline phonolite suite are related principally by the fractionation of feldspar approximating to Ab(_55)Or(_40)An(_5) in composition. The bearing of these rocks on phase equilibria in the analogous natural system is discussed, and consideration is given to the possible origins of the initial peralkaline phonolite magma. The chemistry of a number of severely altered dykes of the same type is considered, and an account is given of the chemical and mineralogical changes occurring during alteration. The geochemistry of suites of lamprophyrlc and trachyte dykes is examined and possible relationships between them are discussed. Finally, the magma types thought to be represented in the complex are reviewed, and the significance of their distribution in time is considered together with possible modes of origin.


Exploring to find the question is always already exploring to find the method. What's (really) happening when we talk in academic spaces? What talk(s) belong in the Academy? Where does the 'talk' happen and how is it (in)visible? Based on 'talk' of reflective practice shared between two colleagues, this article examines issues of ethics, methodology and usefulness as they pertain to the terra (in)cognito of idea talk with/in the Academy. Through a dialogue about methods and method in which we emphasize permission to dwell, we hope to further inquiry into the role of talk with/in the Academy.


The reform of pension systems is arguably one of the key challenges for social policy in Europe in the context of demographic change. In recent years, the issue has been very high on the policy agenda across all EU Member States and in Norway. While several countries have introduced pension reforms over a decade ago, the economic crisis and the ensuing debt crisis have prompted a further wave of reform. These have largely concentrated on the sustainability of public pensions and on increasing the effective retirement age, with some changes proving very controversial. This report provides an overview of the involvement of social partners in pension reforms adopted since 2008 across the EU27, as well as in Norway. It focuses particularly on the influences of the social partners on the outcomes of reform processes. This report distinguishes between reforms of statutory 'pay-as-you go' pensions and other funded schemes (such as statutory funded schemes, occupational pensions and other private schemes).


Squash leaf curl (SLC) is a virus disease of squash transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly (Bernisia tabaci (Germ.)). 'Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam., C. mixta Pang, and C. pepo L. cultivars and the wild taxon. C. texana Gray exhibited severe symptoms in response to SLC in greenhouse and field tests. Symptoms on C. moschata (Duch.) Duch. ex Poir. cultivars were much more severe in greenhouse tests than in field tests. Three wild species, C. ecuadorensis Cutler and Whitaker, C. lundelliana Bailey, and C. martinezii Bailey, were virtually immune in green- house tests, but were infected in field tests. Cucurbita foetidissima HBK expressed moderate symptoms in a field test. Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., C. ficifolia Bouche, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Luffs aegyptiaca Mill., and Luffs graveolens Roxb. were resistant to SLC in greenhouse and field tests. Squash leaf curl (SLC) is a virus disease of squash transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly in the lower deserts of Arizona, California, and northern Mexico (Flock and Mayhew, 1981). SLC has virtually eliminated fall squash production in Imperial Valley, Calif. (F. Laemmlen, personal communication).


Field trials and a pot experiment were conducted during the 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria, to assess the effect of various agricultural wastes ash on nutrient concentration, growth and yield of maize in a Haplic Acrisol. The treatments comprised palm bunch ash, kitchen residues ash, cocoa pod husk ash, saw dust ash, calcium carbonate, oyster shell ash and a control. Each of the ash was applied at five levels: 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 tonnes per hectare. They were replicated three times in a split plot completely randomized design for the pot experiment and randomized completely block design for the field trials. The effects of the treatments were measured on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and manganese and iron concentration in maize crop. Other plant parameters measured were maize height at 8 weeks after planting, stem diameter, stover weight and grain yield weight in the field trails. The results obtained showed that all the agricultural wastes significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. They also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentration of iron and manganese in the plant. The wastes applied significantly increased the plant height at 8 WAP, maize stem diameter, stover weight and grain yield. Among the treatments tested, 6t/ha of cocoa pod husk ash significantly (P<0.05) increased nitrogen concentration in the maize from 0.49 in the control to 5.17%. Plant height, stem diameter and stover weight were also increased by the application of 6t/ha of cocoa pod husk ash. While 4t/ha of kitchen residue ash, 4t/ha of oyster shell ash and 4 t/ha of cocoa pod husk ash significantly (P<0.05) increased the concentration of phosphorus from 1.01% to 4.98%, calcium from 0.4% to 6% and potassium from 0.19% to 0.42% respectively. The soil pH correlated negatively with iron and manganese concentration, positively with phosphorus and calcium concentration. These results show that maize can be grown successfully on Haplic Acrisol of the Southeastern Nigeria using waste from agricultural products. Key words: Agricultural wastes ash, nutrient concentration, growth, grain yield, HaplicAcrisol


Abstract Women and girls with disabilities are historically disenfranchised from physical recreation due to the "double whammy" of being female and having a disability. The literature suggests that challenges to participation likely include lack of social support for girls with disabilities to participate in sport. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine differences in social support received by girls with disabilities who did and did not participate in organized wheelchair sport programs. In addition, the relationship between social support and outcomes tied to wheelchair sport participation were investigated. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using constant comparison techniques. Utilizing a model of social support as a framework, the findings illustrate multiple differences in social support mechanisms for girls who are and who are not involved in wheelchair sport programs.


The simple and transparent framework for cost-benefit analysis of leaning against the wind (LAW) in Svensson (2017a) and its main result are summarized. The analysis of the policy-rate effects on debt in Bauer and Granziera (2017) does not seem to contradict that the effects may be small and of either sign. The analysis of LAW in DSGE models is complicated and the results of Gerdrup et al. (2017) may not be robust. The Svensson (2017a) framework may allow comparison and evaluation of old and new approaches and their results. As an example, it is shown that these three papers result in very different marginal costs of LAW and that a realistic policy-rate effect on unemployment is crucial.


In The Codification of Islamic Criminal Law in the Sudan, Olaf Kondgen offers an in-depth analysis of Islamic criminal law in the Sudan through the penal codes of 1983 and 1991; he examines their application and interpretations in the case law of the Sudan's Supreme Court.


Background The exocyst is a large hetero-octomeric protein complex required for regulating the targeting and fusion of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. Although the sequence identity between the eight different exocyst subunits is less than 10%, structures of domains of four of the subunits revealed a similar helical bundle topology. Characterization of several of these subunits has been hindered by lack of soluble protein for biochemical and structural studies. Methodology/Principal Findings Using advanced hidden Markov models combined with secondary structure predictions, we detect significant sequence similarity between each of the exocyst subunits, indicating that they all contain helical bundle structures. We corroborate these remote homology predictions by identifying and purifying a predicted domain of yeast Sec10p, a previously insoluble exocyst subunit. This domain is soluble and folded with approximately 60% α-helicity, in agreement with our predictions, and capable of interacting with several known Sec10p binding partners. Conclusions/Significance Although all eight of the exocyst subunits had been suggested to be composed of similar helical bundles, this has now been validated by our hidden Markov model structure predictions. In addition, these predictions identified protein domains within the exocyst subunits, resulting in creation and characterization of a soluble, folded domain of Sec10p.


Distance education is not new. The ACRL Distance Learning Section was formed more than 30 years ago, for example, but online learning is now growing rapidly. From 2002 to 2008, undergraduates enrolled in at least one distance education course rose from 8% to 20%.1 In turn, more librarians are connecting with online students and faculty, often without truly knowing where to start in a strategic, meaningful way. This article, based on our panel presentation at the 2012 ALA Annual Conference, contains tips and advice for new distance learning librarians, presented in four categories: Create a relay team, Be brave and dive in!, Plunge into the deep, and Swim with the current. These tips can also serve as a good refresher for seasoned distance learning librarians.


Objective We studied the characteristics of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after expansion of a STEMI registry as part of the STEMI network programme in a metropolitan city and the surrounding area covering ∼26 million inhabitants. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Emergency department of 56 health centres. Participants 3015 patients with acute coronary syndrome, of which 1024 patients had STEMI. Main outcome measure Characteristics of reperfusion therapy. Results The majority of patients with STEMI (81%; N=826) were admitted to six academic percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres. PCI centres received patients predominantly (56%; N=514) from a transfer process. The proportion of patients receiving acute reperfusion therapy was higher than non-reperfused patients (54% vs 46%, p<0.001), and primary PCI was the most common method of reperfusion (86%). The mean door-to-device (DTD) time was 102±68 min. In-hospital mortality of non-reperfused patients was higher than patients receiving primary PCI or fibrinolytic therapy (9.1% vs 3.2% vs 3.8%, p<0.001). Compared with non-academic PCI centres, patients with STEMI admitted to academic PCI centres who underwent primary PCI had shorter mean DTD time (96±44 min vs 140±151 min, p<0.001), higher use of manual thrombectomy (60.2% vs13.8%, p<0.001) and drug-eluting stent implantation (87% vs 69%, p=0.001), but had similar use of radial approach and intra-aortic balloon pump (55.7% vs 67.2%, and 2.2% vs 3.4%, respectively). In patients transferred for primary PCI, TIMI risk score ≥4 on presentation was associated with a prolonged door-in to door-out (DI-DO) time (adjusted OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.95, p=0.02). Conclusions In the expanded JAC registry, a higher proportion of patients with STEMI received reperfusion therapy, but 46% still did not. In developing countries, focusing the prehospital care in the network should be a major focus of care to improve the DI-DO time along with improvement of DTD time at PCI centres. Trial registration number NCT02319473.


This is a letter from the Charles B. Moore Collection. It is written by Lula Dalton and is addressed to Linnet Moore. In this letter, Lula informs Linnet of the goings-on in Chambersville, TX. The news includes: a confirmation of receiving a note from Linnet written by Mary Ann, a discussion about her trips to Georgetown and Austin, details about her visit to Austin, an update on her eyes and the treatment she received from an oculist, news from her community when she got home from Austin, and a discussion about the camping trip she and her friends will go on to the river. She closes the letter by noting that she hopes Linnet will write as soon as she can and sends her best regards to the Moore family. The envelope is included with the letter.


This paper brings forward a service oriented perspective, based on practical experiences from designing information systems (IS) as services. Viewing IS as services are beneficial but still an unexplored approach in organizations. In this paper, we present an analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERPs) systems through the perspective of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). This paper contributes to the debate on viewing ISs as services by presenting a view of SOA-architected ERPs. We discuss the question whether SOA or ERP fulfills business needs. The analysis of ERPs from a SOA perspective provides the conclusion that the question is not about SOA or ERP but rather to provide SOA architected ERPs. By viewing ERPs as services it is clear that the combination of ERPs and SOA is one way forward when designing ISs that aims at bridging gaps between IS and business e.g., processes and, allowing the business to fuse with IS forming servitized SOA based ERPs.


This investigation was designed to determine what variables significantly predicted sexual compulsivity and risk-taking behaviors regarding use of the Internet for sexual purposes and if there were differences within those variables. Participants (N = 307) from colleges and universities in the New England area voluntarily completed the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS), and the Non-Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (NSSS), which comprised the dependent variables. Independent variables of gender, age exposed to pornographic material, year in college, and using the Internet to seek adult entertainment were significant predictors. The age when students were exposed to pornographic material was a significant predictor of SSSS score. Upper class students had an increase on their SSSS scores compared to Under class students. Gender significantly predicted SSSS, SCS, and NSSS scores, where females scored lower on all scales in comparison to males. Students who reported using the Internet to access online entertainment had higher SSSS, NSSS, and SCS scores compared to those who did not access adult entertainment. Implications of the study are discussed.


We present a new model of the three-dimensional distribution of molecular gas in the Milky Way Galaxy, based on CO line data. Our analysis is based on a gas-flow simulation of the inner Galaxy using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and a realistic barred gravitational potential derived from the observed COBE DIRBE near-IR light distribution. The gas model prescribes the gas orbits much better than a simple circular rotation model and is highly constrained by observations, but it cannot predict local details. In this study, we provide a three-dimensional map of the observed molecular gas distribution using the velocity field from the SPH model. A comparison with studies of the Galactic center region suggests that the main structures are reproduced, but somewhat stretched along the line of sight, probably on account of limited resolution of the underlying SPH simulation. The gas model will be publicly available and may prove useful in a number of applications, among them the analysis of diffuse gamma-ray emission as measured with GLAST.


Due to the rapid online expansion of digital learnscapes, resulting in university students engaged in online learning communities, cyberbullying has the potential of being a serious issue for higher education institutions. The effectiveness of educating students and staff in higher education on the impact of cyber bullying has received limited attention in university policy documentation and in the literature on adult cyberbullying. It is this scarceness of policy direction and innovative literature that has driven this study, the development of an educational website to inform students and staff in higher education contexts about cyber safety and the very real consequences of cyber bullying for people's lives. The content on the site is educational, promoting an awareness of staying safe online, digital footprints, digital reputations, and the hazards of remaining exposed online.

In describing the development of the site, this study highlights the need for such resources to support students and staff working in higher education places and spaces to understand what constitutes this complex social phenomena, implications of cyber bullying on persons present and future lives, users roles and responsibilities in curbing cyber bullying, help seeking avenues and digital wellness. Findings indicate numerous benefits for the sites' continuation including the range and depth of information for users in higher education spaces and places about socially responsible online behaviour and the potential impact of cyberbullying events on people's lives. Suggested improvements specific to design and the customization of the content for the target audiences has been instrumental in the redesign and continued development of the site. Recommendations are made in relation to the dissemination of the site across the Australian and offshore Singapore campus.


The effect of thin cirrus clouds in retrieving the dust optical depth from MODIS observations is investigated by using a simplified aerosol retrieval algorithm based on the principles of the Deep Blue aerosol property retrieval method. Specifically, the errors of the retrieved dust optical depth due to thin cirrus contamination are quantified through the comparison of two retrievals by assuming dust-only atmospheres and the counterparts with overlapping mineral dust and thin cirrus clouds. To account for the effect of the polarization state of radiation field on radiance simulation, a vector radiative transfer model is used to generate the lookup tables. In the forward radiative transfer simulations involved in generating the lookup tables, the Rayleigh scattering by atmospheric gaseous molecules and the reflection of the surface assumed to be Lambertian are fully taken into account. Additionally, the spheroid model is utilized to account for the nonsphericity of dust particles in computing their optical properties. For simplicity, the single-scattering albedo, scattering phase matrix, and optical depth are specified a priori for thin cirrus clouds assumed to consist of droxtal ice crystals. The present results indicate that the errors in the retrieved dust optical depths due to the contamination of thin cirrus clouds depend on the scattering angle, underlying surface reflectance, and dust optical depth. Under heavy dusty conditions, the absolute errors are comparable to the predescribed optical depths of thin cirrus clouds.


Secession has been noticeably absent from International Relations theory although its role in the creation and recognition of states is clearly relevant. Traditionally, the dominant perspectives in IR have not questioned state formation and this has effectively barred secession as a topic since it cannot be thoroughly treated without looking across the inside/outside divide of state sovereignty. Secession must be placed in its historical context-as a phenomenon only possible in the modern era and only perceived as a global threat in this century. Theorists from other disciplines who have discussed secession have relied on a problem-solving theoretical perspective which has kept them from considering secession as an outcome of problematic assumptions about identity and territory in the international system. In contrast, a critical theoretical perspective, which affirms the constitutive processes of historical discourse allows an analysis of secession which exposes the contingency of its basic assumptions. Historicising the territorial state allows us to recognise the different structures of political power through which we have already passed and thus to theorise about different forms for the future. The secessionist imperative narrates the boundaries of a specific people who must be secured by a territorial state. Textual analysis of secessionist documents reveals that the narrative strategies they employ are exclusionist and historically short-sighted. Recognising identity as a continuous and relational process is a necessary step towards a post-territorialist order. If different forms of political space are practiced, democracy must also be re-theorised. There is no single model which can guarantee peaceful democratic politics since ambiguity and conflict are inherent in the political process itself and must be encouraged. However, an understanding of the intersubjective processes through which we have generated our present day politics of territory and identity can open up the theoretical space required for alternative politics.


Cardiac catheterization is an extremely valuable procedure in diagnosis and treatment. However, few changes have occurred in the techniques used for percutaneous arterial cannulation, and for attaining homeostasis after cardiac interventions. Risks associated with femoral sheath removal include inadequate hemostasis leads to vascular complications. This may be costly, increase hospital time, and increase patient discomfort. Moreover, the process of sheath removal and femoral artery compression can be distressful, and affect patient satisfaction. This study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three groin compression methods (manual, bandage, and compressor) on patient vascular complications including (hematoma, ecchymosis and oozing), pain, and patient satisfaction following cardiac catheterization. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in cardiac catheterization and coronary Care Unites at National Institute of Heart. It included a sample of 150 patients admitted for performing cardiac catheterization via femoral artery randomly assigned to 3 equal groups: manual compression, bandage, and compressor. The tools used for data collection included Demographic and Clinical Data Sheet, scales for Hematoma Formation, ecchymosis, oozing, pain intensity and patient satisfaction procedure scale. The study maneuvers were applied according to the group. Groin sites were inspected immediately, at 6 and 12 hours post hemostasis. At 6 hours post hemostasis (70.0%) of patients in the manual group hadn't hematoma formation compared to bandage and compressor groups (36.0% and 58.0% respectively) with statistically significant differences between the three groups. A statistically significant difference was revealed among the three groups at 12 hours post hemostasis, (P=0.001). It is evident that less patients in the manual group (6.0%) had large ecchymosis at 12 hours post hemostasis, compared to the compressor (20.0%) and bandage (24.0%) groups. Also at the same time, noticed that no one of patients in the three groups had severe oozing with no one of patients in the manual group had moderate oozing compared to compressor and bandage groups (2.0% and 12.0% respectively), and the difference was statistically significant, (P= 0.07). The bandage group had longer time for hemostasis (23.58.3 minutes) with more time of compression (144.9± 50.5 minutes) compared to the two other groups. The manual group had the lowest duration of bed rest (4.81.3 hours), and hospital stay (13.49.0 hours), compared to the other two groups, and the differences were statistically significant, (p<0.001). Additionally, manual group had the lowest scores of pain at all three assessment times (5, 10 and 20 minutes), whereas those in the compressor group had the highest scores. Overall, (80.0%) of the patients in the manual group were satisfied, compared to only (38.0%) in the compressor group, and (28.0%) in the bandage group. It is concluded that manual compression method after sheath removal in cardiac catheterization patients is associated with lower times of hemostasis and compression. It also has lower incidence of hematoma, ecchymosis, oozing with less pain.This reduction in vascular complications will in turn decrease time of bed rest and duration of hospitalization resulting in higher levels of patient satisfaction, compared to bandage and compressor device. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method, which does not need any special equipment, and is comfortable to the patient with develop a tool for ongoing measurements of patient outcomes upon post-arterial sheath removal. [Hanan Mohammed, Hanan Said and Manal Salah. Determining Best Nursing Practice: Effectiveness of Three Groin Compression Methods Following Cardiac Catheterization. J Am Sci 2013;9(6):274-285]. (ISSN: 15451003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 32


Past research on pay dispersion has found that hierarchy hurts commitment, cooperation, and performance. In contrast, functional theories of social hierarchy propose that hierarchy can facilitate coordination and performance. We investigated the effects of hierarchical differentiation using a sample of professional basketball teams from the National Basketball Association (NBA). Analyses of archival data revealed that hierarchical differentiation in pay and participation enhanced team performance by facilitating intragroup coordination and cooperation. The data provide the basis for a theoretical analysis which suggests that hierarchy is particularly beneficial for procedurally interdependent tasks (e.g., basketball) but can harm team performance for procedurally independent tasks (e.g., baseball; Bloom, 1999). Overall, the current data indicate that team structure (hierarchy) affects team outcomes (performance) through team processes (cooperation and coordination). Thus, under certain conditions, hierarchical differentiation helps lead groups to victory.


In this paper, we investigate the market structure-performance relationship within the Tunisian banking system during the period 1990-2005. We attempt to distinguish between two theories, namely the Efficient Structure Theory and Market Power Theory. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Method, we estimate efficiency measures under X-efficiency, Technical Efficiency, Scale Efficiency and Allocative Efficiency. By incorporating into our analyses these forms of efficiency, this study allowed us to test the validity of new hypotheses. The empirical investigation is conducted on profit and price regressions for a sample of 10 commercial banks. The results reject the SCP and Quite life hypotheses under the market power theory but retain the RMP hypotheses. Also, all the hypotheses under Efficient Structure theory are rejected. This result suggests that Tunisian banks do not exert a monopole power entailing the exploitation of customers, yet they are able to extend their market share and generate profits thanks to a diversification of products.


Panax ginseng (Ginseng), Rhodiola rosea (Hong Jing Tian) and Schisandra chinensis (Wu Wei Zi) are well-known herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Recently, there have been a number of studies on these three herbs. This review discusses their active components and major pharmacological effects. For P. ginseng, it has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory activity, affects pulmonary function and erectile dysfunction, improves cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease and promotes sexual arousal in menopausal women as well as prevents cancer. For R. rosea, its effectiveness in alleviating depression and reducing fatigue is summarized in this review. Additionally, anti-cancer and other clinical effects of S. chinensis are also discussed. These three herbs are considered as adaptogens as they bear multiple functions and their effects were found to be very different in patients depending on the circumstances (age, gender, environment, diet, season, etc.). Thus, in most cases, the art of the TCM practitioner is to prescribe these herbs after a complete evaluation of overall heath status of the patients.


Sentence similarity computing based on the "HowNet" usually treats the optimal matches between the primitives or words as the basic computing unit, and the final results can be got through the weighted sum model. However, this approach often results in the information duplication and the irrational construction. For such problems, this paper calculates the similarity of sets through the statistics of common information (commonality) and the different information (differences) between the two sets of direct primitives. Moreover, the paper introduces this measure into the calculation of sentence similarity. The final experimental analysis shows that the method used in this paper is more stable and effective.


The perceived field corresponding to a physically homogeneous, intermittently luminous area under certain conditions exhibits patterns that have no spatial correlates in the stimulus. These subjective patterns are compared quantitatively under monocular and binocular stimulus conditions by determining the minimum luminance necessary for their emergence at various intermittency frequencies. It is found that one type of pattern, relatively ill defined and irregular, differs little for the two conditions, whereas another kind of pattern, quite geometrical and of more distinct definition, has a much lower threshold binocularly than monocularly. This is thought to be evidence that the former kind of pattern originates below, and the latter kind at or above, the level of binocular interaction.


A numerical analysis is presented of several potential pulsed-laser applications of adiabatic population inversion in atoms or molecules. A simple numerical method is demonstrated for evaluating adiabatic processes in multilevel systems for both swept-frequency and resonant, time-delayed pulses. Adiabatic inversion with time-delayed pulses is generalized to systems with any number of levels. The effect of Doppler broadening on time-delayed adiabatic pumping of a three-level system is investigated.


In this study, the feasibility of embedding the field oriented control (FOC) of an induction machine into field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is investigated. An indirect FOC of an induction machine is simulated in a Matlab Simulink environment using a Xilinx System Generator implemented in a Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S200 FPGA board. Design of the developed controller for the induction machine is simulated via a Simulink full digital platform. The resulting design has a flexible and modular structure where the designer can customize the hardware blocks by changing the number of inputs, outputs, and algorithm when it is compared to the designs implemented using classical microcontrollers and digital signal processors. With its flexibility, other control algorithms can easily be programmed and embedded into the FPGA. The controller developed can be imbedded and implemented on the Digilab S3 Spartan-3 XC3S200 FPGA development board produced by the Digilent Company. Performance of the developed system has been tested at different load torques and various induction machine speeds.