: In practice, the con fi guration of spaceborne multistatic synthetic aperture radar (MSAR) is generally three-dimensional (3D) stereo geometry, under which condition most current algorithms of motion parameter estimation are invalid. In this study, a joint space-time – frequency method is presented to estimate motion parameters of ground moving target for MSAR of 3D geometry. First, the array expression for azimuth echo named extended space-time model (ESTM) is derived; then on the basis of ESTM, a spatial time – frequency distribution method based on fractional Fourier transform algorithm is derived; fi nally the performance of the presented method is analysed, and the advantages comparing with velocity synthetic aperture radar are discussed via some computer simulations. The work provides a feasible method of multi-channel processing for the 3D MSAR.


Drawing on unpublished diplomatic and Masonic archives, this study reveals the career of Emanuel Swedenborg as a secret intelligence agent for Louis XV and the pro-French, pro-Jacobite party of "Hats" in Sweden. Utilizing Kabbalistic meditation techniques, he sought political intelligence on earth and in heaven.


Trade data are typically reported at the level of regions or countries and are therefore aggregates across space. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of standard gravity estimation to spatial aggregation. We build a model in which initially symmetric micro regions are combined to form aggregated macro regions. We then apply the model to the large literature on border effects in domestic and international trade. Our theory shows that larger countries are systematically associated with smaller border effects. The reason is that due to spatial frictions, aggregation across space increases the relative cost of trading within borders. The cost of trading across borders therefore appears relatively smaller. This mechanism leads to border effect heterogeneity and is independent of multilateral resistance effects in general equilibrium. Even if no border frictions exist at the micro level, gravity estimation on aggregate data can still produce large border effects. We test our theory on domestic and international trade flows at the level of U.S. states. Our results confirm the model's predictions, with quantitatively large effects.


Node compromise is a serious threat in wireless sensor networks. An adversary can use compromised nodes to inject false data into the network forging events to deceive the base station. Furthermore, an adversary can cause serious damage by injecting a large amount of false messages to deplete the scarce energy resources of the forwarding en-route sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a secure ticket-based en-route filtering scheme (STEF) that drops false messages en-route. We propose a ticket concept where reply messages are only forwarded if they contain a valid ticket originally issued by the base station. Messages containing no ticket, or an replayed ticket, are immediately filtered out by not compromised sensor nodes. The ticket concept is based on lightweight one-way functions. This enables every en-route node to verify the tickets. Furthermore, our scheme does not need symmetric key sharing between message generating nodes and en-route nodes, which results in a high resiliency against node compromises. Our security and performance analysis shows that STEF provides a high security level and is very efficient in saving energy. Furthermore, the required storage capacity on the sensor nodes is very low


This article presents the history of new goods in the eighteenth century as a part of the broader history of invention and industrialization. It focuses on product innovation in manufactured commodities as this engages with economic, technological and cultural theories. Recent theories of consumer demand are applied to the invention of commodities in the eighteenth century; special attention is given to the process of imitation in product innovation. The theoretical framework for imitation can be found in evolutionary theories of mimetic transmission, in archaeological theories of skeuomorphous, and in eighteenth-century theories of taste and aesthetics. Inventors, projectors, economic policy makers, and commercial and economic writers of the period dwelt upon the invention of new British products. The emulative, imitative context for their invention made British consumer goods the distinctive modern alternatives to earlier Asian and European luxuries.


This article addresses federalism issues raised by the interjurisdictional competition that the internet will present. Within the United States, such on-line activity has already become the target of regulation by the states. Analysis of interstate competition in "law as a product" is appropriate in determining the proper scope of state regulation of on-line activity. Two lines of constitutional cases define the parameters of proper interstate regulatory competition: those dealing with personal jurisdiction, and those dealing with the dormant commerce clause. Inherent in the Supreme Court's Due Process holdings is the principle that interstate diversity in law products is desireable and central to a federal system. The "minimum contacts" test of International Shoe and subsequent cases preserves the individual's right to "vote with his feet" in selecting among the law products offered by the several states. Competition for law as a product can only be maintained if states are prevented from externalizing the costs of their local regulations. The Supreme Court holdings regarding the dormant commerce clause indicate that this constitutional doctrine serves to prevent states from exporting their law products to other jurisdictions by attempting to control wholly extraterritorial activity. Although the Internet may in some cases facilitate externalization of state regulatory costs, centralized regulation by the federal government, rather than overreaching by the states, is the proper solution to such externalities


In its conduct of monetary policy, the Bank of Canada carefully monitors the pace of monetary expansion for indications about the outlook for inflation and economic activity. In recent years, a number of factors have distorted the growth of the traditional broad and narrow aggregates. In this article, the authors discuss the uncertainty surrounding the classification of deposit instruments that has resulted from the elimination of reserve requirements and from other financial innovations. They introduce twonew measures of transactions balances, M1+ and M1++ (described more fully in a technical note in this issue of the Review), that internalize some of the substitutions that have occurred. They attribute the deceleration in M1growth in 1998 partly to the declining influence of special factors, partly to a lagged response to interest rate increases in 1997 and early 1998, and partly to some temporary tightening in credit conditions in the autumn of 1998. The broad monetary aggregate M2++, which includes all personal savings deposits, life insurance annuities, and mutual funds, grew at a steady pace in 1998, presaging growth of about 4 to 5 per cent in total dollar spending and inflation inside the target range.


Iron–platinum (Fe–Pt) compounds are well known for their interesting magnetic and electrocatalytic properties. However, iron segregation and iron oxides formation under oxidative conditions may influence the characteristics of Fe–Pt systems. Several approaches are used to protect the Fe–Pt compounds from oxidation, the most promising of which involves covering the material with a protective graphitic layer. By performing model‐type ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) studies, it is shown that a layer of epitaxial graphene (Gr) grown on a [111]‐oriented single‐crystal platinum substrate with thermally dissolved iron (Fe–Pt(111) surface alloy) effectively blocks iron segregation and iron oxides formation under oxidative conditions, while still allowing for the adsorption of oxygen atoms underneath the carbon layer. The oxidation is monitored in real time and at the micrometer scale using low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and local diffraction (μLEED). Notably, a similar result is obtained for a poorly ordered Gr‐like carbon layer grown directly on a Fe–Pt(111) substrate. The findings are rationalized in terms of a locally lowered partial oxygen pressure and inhibited iron oxide growth in a confined space between the carbon layer and the metal support.


5-Formyluracil (fU), a major methyl oxidation product of thymine, forms correct (fU:A) and incorrect (fU:G) base pairs during DNA replication. In the accompanying paper (Masaoka, A., Terato, H., Kobayashi, M., Honsho, A., Ohyama, Y., and Ide, H. (1999)J. Biol. Chem. 274, 25136–25143), it has been shown that fU correctly paired with A is recognized by AlkA protein (Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II). In the present work, mispairing frequency of fU with G and cellular repair protein that specifically recognized fU:G mispairs were studied using defined oligonucleotide substrates. Mispairing frequency of fU was determined by incorporation of 2′-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate of fU opposite template G using DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment deficient in 3′-5′ exonuclease. Mispairing frequency of fU was dependent on the nearest neighbor base pair in the primer terminus and 2–12 times higher than that of thymine at pH 7.8 and 2.6–6.7 times higher at pH 9.0 with an exception of the nearest neighbor T(template):A(primer). AlkA catalyzed the excision of fU placed opposite G, as well as A, and the excision efficiencies of fU for fU:G and fU:A pairs were comparable. In addition, MutS protein involved in methyl-directed mismatch repair also recognized fU:G mispairs and bound them with an efficiency comparable to T:G mispairs, but it did not recognize fU:A pairs. Prior complex formation between MutS and a heteroduplex containing an fU:G mispair inhibited the activity of AlkA to fU. These results suggest that fU present in DNA can be restored by two independent repair pathways, i.e. the base excision repair pathway initiated by AlkA and the methyl-directed mismatch repair pathway initiated by MutS. Biological relevance of the present results is discussed in light of DNA replication and repair in cells.


When teaching software engineering courses it is highly important to have good text books that are well-founded, up-to-date, and easily accessible to students. However, currently available text books on the market are either very broad or highly specialized, making it hard to select appropriate books for specific software engineering courses. Moreover, due to the rapidly changing subject of software engineering, books tend to become obsolete, which make students hesitate to buy books even if they are part of the listed course literature. In this paper, we briefly explain and discuss an approach of using a web-based system for creating collaborative and peer-reviewed text books that can be customized individually for specific courses. We describe and discuss the proposed system from a use case perspective.


Poor in utero nutrition is implicated in the association between low birth weight and the development of hypertension in adulthood (Barker et al., 1989). It has been proposed that this association may result from impaired prenatal kidney growth and lower nephron endowment induced by suboptimal in utero nutrition (Brenner et al., 1988). In addition thinner mothers, which may indicate relatively poorer nutrition, tend to have fetuses that have kidneys that are relatively narrow for their length (Mukherjee et al., 2005). A 50% nutrient restriction from 1 to 31 days gestation (dGA, term ~147 dGA) alters renal and cardiovascular control in adult male sheep offspring (Cleal et al., 2004). This challenge is associated with altered blood pressure (BP) responses to angiotensin II but no changes in kidney size or function in late gestation fetuses (Braddick et al., 2006). The aim of the current study was to determine if fetal kidney structure is altered by early gestation undernutrition. Pregnant ewes were housed individually and fed 100% (C, n = 8) or 40% (R, n = 8) of their total nutrient requirements between 1 and 31 dGA, and 100% thereafter. All fetuses were singletons, the sex ratio was 1:1 in C and 5:3 in R groups. At post-mortem (127 dGA) the left kidney was perfusion fixed with formalin. Each kidney was cut in half and cut into 5 mm slices. Systematic sampling was used to select every 10th piece which was embedded in glycomethacylate resin. The selected blocks were sectioned at 2 µm, and every 200th and 210th pair were collected and stained with toluidine blue. The physical dissector technique was used to count the number of glomeruli in the cortex using by light microscopy. Data are mean ± SEM and were analysed by Student's t-test. Fetal body (C = 2.91 ± 0.08; R = 2.92 ± 0.12 kg) and kidney weight (Right; C = 9.66 ± 0.61; R = 9.80 ± 0.40 g; Left; C = 11.65 ± 0.56; R = 11.33 ± 0.56 g) were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in fetal glomerular number in the left kidney in R compared to C fetuses (C = 326,100 ± 40,850; R = 457,300 ± 118,700). Early gestation nutrition restriction did not alter fetal or organ growth or kidney development in late gestation sheep. Therefore altered renal and cardiovascular control in adult sheep following early gestation nutrient restriction is not due to altered glomerular number.


The role of capital accumulation as a driver of the labor income share requires capital and labor to be substitutes, which appears paradoxical in a world predominantly characterized by complementarity between capital and labor. This paper argues that the composition of skills in the labor force and an identification of the elasticity parameters between capital and different skills of labor can reconcile the opposing views. Using a framework with capital-skill complementarity and variable substitution elasticities, the Morishima elasticity of substitution is applied to identify the elasticity parameters at different skill levels and derive the necessary condition for capital accumulation to coexist with a declining labor income share when capital and labor are complements. Empirical evidence supports this proposition.


In 2002, 2003 and 2004, we took macoinvertebrate samples on a total of 36 occasions at the Badacsony bay of Lake Balaton. Our sampling site was characterised by areas of open water (in 2003 and 2004 full of reed-grass) as well as by areas covered by common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). Samples were taken both from water body and benthic ooze by use of a stiff hand net. We have gained our data from processing 208 individual samples. We took samples frequently from early spring until late autumn for a deeper understanding of the processes of seasonal dynamics. The main seasonal patterns and temporal changes of diversity were described. We constructed a weather-dependent simulation model of the processes of seasonal dynamics in the interest of a possible further utilization of our data in climate change research. We described the total number of individuals, biovolume and diversity of all macroinvertebrate species with a single index and used the temporal trends of this index for simulation modelling. Our discrete deterministic model includes only the impact of temperature, other interactions might only appear concealed. Running the model for different climate change scenarios it became possible to estimate conditions for the 2070-2100 period. The results, however, should be treated very prudently not only because our model is very simple but also because the scenarios are the results of different models.


OBJECTIVE Because quantifying glycans with complex structures is technically challenging, little is known about the association of glycosylation profiles with the renal prognosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 675 patients with type 2 diabetes, we assessed the baseline urinary glycan signals binding to 45 lectins with different specificities. The end point was a decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by ≥30% from baseline or dialysis for end-stage renal disease. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 63 patients reached the end point. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that urinary levels of glycans binding to six lectins were significantly associated with the outcome after adjustment for known indicators of DKD, although these urinary glycans, except that for DBA, were highly correlated with baseline albuminuria and eGFR. Hazard ratios for these lectins were (+1 SD for the glycan index) as follows: SNA (recognizing glycan Siaα2-6Gal/GalNAc), 1.42 (95% CI 1.14–1.76); RCA120 (Galβ4GlcNAc), 1.28 (1.01–1.64); DBA (GalNAcα3GalNAc), 0.80 (0.64–0.997); ABA (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.29 (1.02–1.64); Jacalin (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.30 (1.02–1.67); and ACA (Galβ3GalNAc), 1.32 (1.04–1.67). Adding these glycan indexes to a model containing known indicators of progression improved prediction of the outcome (net reclassification improvement increased by 0.51 [0.22–0.80], relative integrated discrimination improvement increased by 0.18 [0.01–0.35], and the Akaike information criterion decreased from 296 to 287). CONCLUSIONS The urinary glycan profile identified in this study may be useful for predicting renal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additional investigation of glycosylation changes and urinary glycan excretion in DKD is needed.


Abstract:
Background and Aims: Adiponectin is the most important and promising adipocytokine to understand the relationship of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases showing anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti atherosclerotic effects too. The aim of this research was to survey the effect of cardiac rehabilitation, via special aerobic exercise training, on the serum levels of adiponectin hormone and lipoprotein lipid profile in men with atherosclerosis.
Methods: Twenty patients with atherosclerosis (40-65-year-old men), selected by convenience sampling method and normalized by exercise training and primary tests, were enrolled. During 8 weeks (three session per week), subjects had 30 to 45 minutes training sessions by using treadmill, ergo meter, and arm ergo meter with the intensity of 30-50 percent of heart rate reserve. The t-test was conducted to check the difference between pretest and posttest at the significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: The level of adiponectin and HDL increased and the level of LDL, triglyceride and cholesterol decreased significantly.
Conclusion: We concluded that cardiac rehabilitation has probably beneficial effects on the serum levels of adiponectin and lipoproteins in men with coronary artery disease after MI.

Keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation, Adiponectin, Lipoprotein, Atherosclerotic patients


A variation on the interpolatory subdivision scheme [Labsik and Greiner 2000] is presented based on √3 subdivision and harmonic interpolation. Harmonic interpolation is generalized to triangle meshes based on a distance representation of the basis functions. The harmonic surface is approximated by limiting the support of the basis functions and the resulting surface is shown to satisfy necessary conditions for continuity. We provide subdivision rules for vertices of valence 3, 4 and 6 that can be applied directly to obtain a smooth surface. Other valences are handled as described in the literature. The resulting algorithm is easily implemented due to √3 subdivision and the simplicity of the stencils involved.


Meta-heuristic algorithms have been broadly used to deal with a range of water resources optimization problems over the past decades. One issue that exists in the use of these algorithms is the requirement of large computational resources, especially when handling real-world problems. To overcome this challenge, this paper develops a hybrid optimization method, the so-called CSHS, in which a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is combined with a harmony search (HS) scheme. Within this hybrid framework, the CS is employed to find the promising regions of the search space within the initial explorative stages of the search, followed by a thorough exploitation phase using the combined CS and HS algorithms. The utility of the proposed CSHS is demonstrated using four water distribution system design problems with increased scales and complexity. The obtained results reveal that the CSHS method outperforms the standard CS, as well as the majority of other meta-heuristics that have previously been applied to the case studies investigated, in terms of efficiently seeking optimal solutions. Furthermore, the CSHS has two control parameters that need to be fine-tuned compared to many other algorithms, which is appealing for its practical application as an extensive parameter-calibration process is typically computationally very demanding.


Microporous materials have received much attention and offer new opportunities in electrochemistry because of their interesting properties. Compared with the corresponding nonporous materials, the highly porous structure may facilitate internal mass transport process, provide accessibility to binding sites and provide size selectivity. A new class of microporous materials, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) emerged about ten years ago. They combine the microporosity generated from the rigid and contorted backbones and the processibility of linear molecular polymers, which make them particularly attractive for the applications in gas storage, membrane separations and also in electrochemistry. PIM-EA-TB containing ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger's base (TB) is one of the most interesting PIMs and has a high BET surface area around 1000 m2 g-1. Most of the work in this thesis are based on PIM-EA-TB. Results chapters focus on catalysis in PIM films, ion flux in free-standing PIM membranes and carbonization of PIM-EA-TB. Electrochemical oxidation of glucose is important due to the practical applications in glucose sensing and in biological fuel cells. However, the practical application of many catalysts is limited by the poisoning by interferences such as proteins and chloride. Here, PIM-EA-TB was spin-coated onto the surface of supported gold nanoparticles to protect the catalysts from poisoning. It was demonstrated that the PIM-EA-TB film would not negatively affect the catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles for glucose oxidation. Also, it provided effective protection against protein poisoning because of its rigid backbone and rigid molecular structure preventing protein access. Chloride poisoning was reduced but not surpressed. In addition to nanoparticle catalysts, water-insoluble molecular catalysts were investigated. PIM-EA-TB was used as a rigid host for model catalyst, tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP). FeTPP was immobilised in the PIM-EA-TB film and then deposited on the electrode to create a high density heterogenised catalysts. Different compositions of PIM and FeTPP and different scanrates were investigated to reveal the catalytic mechanism. The PIM hosted FeTPP catalysts showed facile electron transfer and effective electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen and peroxide. The 4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-pyridine was applied to the PIM-FeTPP film to give an organogel in 12 order to investigate the liquid-liquid interface. The PIM immobilisation method could offer a new opportunity to the immobilisation of a wide range of the molecular catalysts. The understanding of transport processes in PIM-EA-TB membranes is important for the development of further applications in the electrochemistry. Different types of anions were investigated to see the anion uptake and charge transport in PIM-EA-TB films. Three cases were investigated, including the oxidation of ferrocene, the reduction of protons and the transport of anions and protons in the PIM-EA-TB thick films. In all three cases, the diameter and hydrophobicity of anions are important in the competing effects. The pKa of PIM-EA-TB was determined and novel ionic diode effects were observed. Nanofluidic devices are used to regulate the flow of ions to one preferential direction and they have great importance because of the similarity to biological ion channels and the application in biochemical fields. PIMs were explored to the possibility to establish an artificial ion channel with the gate function. A thin film preparative method was introduced to produce thin free-standing polymer films. The 300 nm PIM-EA-TB films supported on a poly-ethylene-terephthalate (PET) film with a 20 m diameter microhole exhibited ionic diode behaviour. Only when the cation and anion had different mobility, the current rectification effects were observed. Different pH values of the electrolyte were also investigated and resulted in a gradual change in rectification effects. Porous carbon materials have wide applications in different fields such as gas separation, water purification, catalyst supports, and fuel cells. One of the common methods to produce the porous carbon is the carbonization of polymers. However, the challenge is that it is difficult to control the pore size and pore distribution. PIM-EA-TB was carbonized at 500 °C in vacuum to produce a novel type of microporous carbon. The microporosity and morphology of the PIM precursor remained after carbonization. The new material exhibited relatively low electrical conductivity and low activity in the electrochemical oxygen reduction. The capacitance of the new carbon material was investigated and found to vary with pH depending on the protonation status of micropores. 13 Finally, the carbonized PIM films were used to control the formation of platinum nanoparticles. Platinum nanoparticles are important catalysts in many areas but may suffer from high costs and lack of reproducibility. Therefore, it is important to reduce the amount of platinum, increase the utilization of platinum as well as control the particle size. The carbonized PIM films still have the microporosity and offer an ideal substrate for platinum nanoparticles. The platinum nanoparticles were formed at the same time with the carbonization of PIM, which helped to control the size of platinum nanoparticles. Compared with bare platinum, the platinum nanoparticles produced by PIM-EA-TB showed a high electrochemically active surface area and good catalytic performances for oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation and glucose oxidation. Much less platinum (1μg per cm2) was needed to achieve the same catalytic performance compared to the bulk platinum.


Event cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors that output pixel-level brightness changes instead of standard intensity frames. They offer significant advantages over standard cameras, namely a very high dynamic range, no motion blur, and a latency in the order of microseconds. We propose a novel, accurate tightly-coupled visual-inertial odom- etry pipeline for such cameras that leverages their outstanding properties to estimate the camera ego-motion in challenging conditions, such as high-speed motion or high dynamic range scenes. The method tracks a set of features (extracted on the image plane) through time. To achieve that, we consider events in overlapping spatio-temporal windows and align them using the current camera motion and scene structure, yielding motion-compensated event frames. We then combine these feature tracks in a keyframe- based, visual-inertial odometry algorithm based on nonlinear optimization to estimate the camera's 6-DOF pose, velocity, and IMU biases. The proposed method is evaluated quantitatively on the public Event Camera Dataset [19] and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art [28], while being computationally much more efficient: our pipeline can run much faster than real-time on a laptop and even on a smartphone processor. Fur- thermore, we demonstrate qualitatively the accuracy and robustness of our pipeline on a large-scale dataset, and an extremely high-speed dataset recorded by spinning an event camera on a leash at 850 deg/s.


Nutritional and health status have a strong influence on cognitive and psychomotor abilities of students. However, healthy eating habits among students still less applied particularly breakfast consumption. This study aims to identify patterns of eating breakfast through the consistency of breakfast consumption, attitudes toward eating breakfast, the awareness and the reasons of breakfast skipping among school students. This study used questionnaires as an instrument to collect the data. A total of 80 respondents consisting of high school students from SMK Seksyen 9 and SM.K Seksyen 24 (1) were randomly selected. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential statistical using SPSS version 20.0. The results show that most of the students eat breakfast every day at home and
school. Moreover, students were like to consume milk and oatmeal during breakfast. There is a weak relationship between attitudes toward eating breakfast and the frequency of eating breakfast in a week. Besides that, there is no significant difference between SMK Seksyen 9 and SMK Seksyen 24(1) in terms of frequency of eating breakfast in a week, races and types of food consumed for
breakfast. The finding shows that some students feel kind of hungry and extremely hungry if they do not eat breakfast. Awareness about the important of eating
breakfast is also high among students which are more than 90%. The most reasons of breakfast skipping among school students are there is not enough time to eat
breakfast before class, do not like food for breakfast, and trying to lose weight.


We show tuning of the resonance wavelength of silicon-on-insulator microring resonators with liquid crystal cladding. The electro-optic effect of the liquid crystal causes a decrease in effective refractive index for the TE-polarized light in the waveguides. Tuning of the liquid crystal birefringence affects primarily the longitudinal component of the electric field. We achieve a tuning range of 0.6 nm. Through simulation and experiment we perform a thorough study of this phenomenon.


According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there were 3.3 million deaths globally due to alcohol use in 2012. Establishing patients' knowledge of safe alcohol use and practices regarding alcohol consumption could reform intervention policies.

 The aim of this study was to assess patients' knowledge of safe alcohol use and practices regarding alcohol consumption among patients attending the Family Practice Clinic at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH) in Pretoria.

 The sample consisted of 300 patients (150 males; 150 females). Data relating to patients' baseline characteristics, knowledge of safe alcohol use and practice were collected by means of a researcher administered questionnaire. The SAS, Release 9.3 was used for data analysis. The statistical level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

 Majority of the respondents had lack of knowledge on safe quantities of alcohol use per day, for male and female individuals [268 (89.3%) vs 32 (10.7%); p < 0.0001] and [279 (93.0%) vs 21 (7.0%); p < 0.0001], respectively. Respondents mostly consumed alcohol on special occasions (152; 50.7%), and on weekends (100; 33.3%). Age groups ≥ 38 years consumed more alcohol per day (100; 33.3%). Majority of the respondents (179; 59.7%) were binge drinkers. Relatively less patients with higher levels of education were chronic harmful users of alcohol (p ≤ 0.001).

 The finding that majority of the patients lacked knowledge on safe quantities of alcohol use for males and females, and the unsafe use of alcohol, including binge drinking, warrant introduction of safe alcohol use awareness campaigns at primary health care, particularly targeting the middle aged and the elderly.


Volume 1 treats the most recent developments in the research of hydrogels, polysaccharides and proteins. Physico-chemical studies (thermodynamical approach including differential scanning calorimetry, rheology, light scattering, atomic force microscopic observation, spectroscopic measurements) of thermoreversible sol-gel transitions, volume phase transitions, fluid gels, and many other biological gelling materials, thickening, foaming, and stabilizing functions of these hydrocolloids in relation to their applications in food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries, are described. New aspects of cellulose and cellulose derivatives, starch, beta-glucan, newly developed polysaccharides from cell culture and soluble soybean polysaccharide, konjac glucomannan, galactomannan, seaweed polysaccharides such as carrageenans, aliginates, elsinan, Ai-geok polysaccharide, egg white, bovine serum albumin, milk proteins, soybean glycinin and beta-conglycinin, globins are described. Volume 2 treats the fundamental aspects of the molecular forces, dispersion stability, interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, processing and mixture of biopolymers, dietary fibres and nutrition, sensory evaluation, mastication and their applications in food, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Stability of suspensions and emulsions, interfacial problems such as adsorption and contact angles are discussed. New aspects of physicochemical properties and clinical implications of hyaluronan and synovial fluids are described. Pharmaceutical studies of sulfated poly- and oligosaccharides, and liposome dispersions are described. The present situation of sensory evaluation, how to measure the texture, the relation between the sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements are discussed. The importance of the study of mastication and the methods of measurements are described. Both volumes include excellent chapters by authorities in each field and all the chapters have been peer reviewed. These volumes will help to stimulate new challenges for the future.


Batch chromatography is a widely used separation technique in a variety of fields meeting difficult separations. Several technologies for improving the performance of chromatography have been studied, including mixed-recycle steady state recycling (MR-SSR) chromatography. Design of MRSSR has been commonly limited on 100 % purity constraint cases and empirical work. In this study a predictive design method was used to optimize feed pulse size and design a number of experimental MR-SSR separations for a solution of 20 % sulfuric acid and 100 g/L glucose. The design was under target product fraction purities of 98.7 % for H2SO4 and 95 % for glucose. The experiments indicate a maximum of 59 % increase in sulfuric acid productivity and 82 % increase for glucose when compared to corresponding batch separation. Eluent consumption was lowered by approximately 50 % using recycling chromatography. Within this study the target purities and yields set in design were not completely met, and further optimization of the process is deemed necessary.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether patient access to secure patient-physician messaging affects annual adult primary care office visit and documented telephone contact rates.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort and matched-control studies with pre-post analysis.

METHODS
The cohort study sample included 4686 adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) who had been registered KP HealthConnect Online users longer than 13 months and had used at least 1 feature. The matched-control study sample included 3201 randomly selected controls matched by age/sex, selected chronic conditions, and primary care physician to 3201 registered users. We calculated the difference in primary care office visit and documented telephone contact rates in the pre- and post-periods (defined, respectively, as 3-14 months before and 2-13 months after registration for KP HealthConnect Online). Paired t tests were used to assess significance.

RESULTS
Annual office visit rates decreased by 0.23 (-9.7%) visits per member in the cohort study. Annual office visit rates for users in the matched-control study decreased by 0.25 (-10.3%); the corresponding decrease for the controls was 0.08 (-3.7%). This 0.17 (-6.7%) reduction was significant (P < .003). Annual documented telephone contact rates for users in the matched-control design increased by 0.32 (16.2%) contacts per member; the corresponding rate for the control group was 0.52 (29.9%). This 0.20 (13.7%) difference was significant (P < .01).

CONCLUSION
Patient access to the secure messaging feature of KP HealthConnect Online was associated with decreased rates of primary care office visits and telephone contacts.


When antiquities are acquired without a rigorous due diligence process, that acquisition defrauds our heritage by distorting the archaeological record; causing potential harm to other legitimate acquisition of antiquities; perverting the important role museums play in society; and ultimately warping the understanding of our common cultural heritage. Fraud occurs when a defendant intentionally deceives another. Given the flood of scandals plaguing museums, collectors, and dealers, we can state now with some confidence that many of these individuals have committed a fraud on our collective human heritage. Combating this fraud is particularly difficult. Though an existing body of law prohibits and punishes a variety of activities which further the illicit trade, these measures are severely hampered by the mystery surrounding antiquities transactions. With increased scrutiny and a more rigorous and diligent title enquiry by buyers and sellers, these legal measures will become far more effective. At present, details regarding authenticity, title, or even more basic questions such as the origin of an object are intentionally hidden and disguised from public view.Good faith has been used to merely promote commercial convenience and economic efficiency. This article proposes a new theoretical foundation for increased scrutiny of the antiquities trade by constructing a broad basis for the recognition of good faith as a mechanism for eliminating the illicit trade in antiquities. This article articulates three ways in which good faith can play a meaningful role in the trade and transfer of antiquities by examining fraud, limitations periods, and public pressure generally. A strong case for reform can be made if we consider that a family of art forgers living in modest public housing in Bolton, England can easily fool some of the World's leading cultural institutions.


This study explored the antecedents of enjoyment and intention to continue in youth sports using the social-cognitive model of achievement motivation with the 2 × 2 achievement goal modification. Participants were 327 sports participants between 11 and 15 years of age. Individuals high in incremental beliefs reported greater enjoyment and intention to continue. This was perhaps due to endorsing mastery-approach goals. Individuals relatively high in entity beliefs reported relatively less enjoyment. This was perhaps due to endorsing performance-avoidance goals. These individuals also reported relatively less intention to continue regardless of their achievement goals. Findings could have implications for preventing dropout from youth sports.


Modelling genetic algorithms: From Markov chains to dependence with complete connections.- On the optimization of unimodal functions with the (1+1) evolutionary algorithm.- A timing analysis of convergence to fitness sharing equilibrium.- Where elitists start limping evolution strategies at ridge functions.- A bit-wise epistasis measure for binary search spaces.- Inside GA dynamics: Ground basis for comparison.- The effect of spin-flip symmetry on the performance of the simple GA.- Fitness distance correlation and Ridge functions.- Accelerating the convergence of evolutionary algorithms by fitness landscape approximation.- Modeling building-block interdependency.- Mutate large, but inherit small! On the analysis of rescaled mutations in ( )-ES with noisy fitness data.- Creating robust solutions by means of evolutionary algorithms.- Analytic curve detection from a noisy binary edge map using genetic algorithm.- A comparison of dominance mechanisms and simple mutation on non-stationary problems.- Adaptation to a changing environment by means of the feedback thermodynamical genetic algorithm.- Optimization with noisy function evaluations.- On risky methods for local selection under noise.- Polygenic inheritance - A haploid scheme that can outperform diploidy.- Averaging efficiently in the presence of noise.- Solving binary constraint satisfaction problems using evolutionary algorithms with an adaptive fitness function.- Varying fitness functions in genetic algorithms: Studying the rate of increase of the dynamic penalty terms.- Landscape changes and the performance of Mapping Based Constraint handling methods.- A decoder-based evolutionary algorithm for constrained parameter optimization problems.- A spatial predator-prey approach to multi-objective optimization: A preliminary study.- Selective breeding in a multiobjective genetic algorithm.- Niching and elitist models for MOGAs.- Parallel evolutionary optimisation with constraint propagation.- Methods to evolve legal phenotypes.- Multiobjective optimization using evolutionary algorithms - A comparative case study.- Utilizing dynastically optimal forma recombination in hybrid genetic algorithms.- Further experimentations on the scalability of the GEMGA.- Indexed memory as a generic protocol for handling vectors of data in genetic programming.- On genetic algorithms and lindenmayer systems.- Genome length as an evolutionary self-adaptation.- Restart scheduling for genetic algorithms.- A comparative study of global and local selection in evolution strategies.- UEGO, an abstract niching technique for global optimization.- Development of problem-specific evolutionary algorithms.- The effects of control parameters and restarts on search stagnation in evolutionary programming.- Accelerating the evolutionary-gradient-search procedure: Individual step sizes.- Extending population-based incremental learning to continuous search spaces.- Multi-parent recombination in genetic algorithms with search space boundary extension by mirroring.- Selective crossover in genetic algorithms: An empirical study.- Line-breeding schemes for combinatorial optimization.- Finding regions of uncertainty in learned models: An application to face detection.- On ZCS in multi-agent environments.- Empirical analysis of the factors that affect the Baldwin effect.- Promoting generalisation of learned behaviours in genetic programming.- Generalization in Wilson's classifier system.- Symbiotic coevolution of artificial neural networks and training data sets.- Information-theoretic analysis of a mobile agent's learning in a discrete state space.- The coevolution of antibodies for concept learning.- Does data-model co-evolution improve generalization performance of evolving learners?.- A corporate classifier system.- Applying diffusion to a cooperative coevolutionary model.- Studying parallel evolutionary algorithms: The cellular programming case.- Learning to avoid moving obstacles optimally for mobile robots using a genetic-fuzzy approach.- Evolutionary neural networks for nonlinear dynamics modeling.- Hybrid distributed real-coded genetic algorithms.- Mechanisms of emergent computation in cellular automata.- Towards designing neural network ensembles by evolution.- Selection of training data for neural networks by a genetic algorithm.- Discovery with genetic algorithm scheduling strategies for cellular automata.- Simple + parallel + local = cellular computing.- Evolution, learning and speech recognition in changing acoustic environments.- Ant colonies for adaptive routing in packet-switched communications networks.- The stud GA: A mini revolution?.- An island model based ant system with lookahead for the shortest supersequence problem.- Parameter-free Genetic Algorithm inspired by "disparity theory of evolution".- Immune network dynamics for inductive problem solving.- Parallelization strategies for Ant Colony Optimization.- Self-organising pattern formation: Fruit flies and cell phones.- A new genetic local search algorithm for graph coloring.- Improving the performance of evolutionary algorithms for the satisfiability problem by refining functions.- Memetic algorithms and the fitness landscape of the graph bi-partitioning problem.- Investigating evolutionary approaches to adaptive database management against various quality of service metrics.- Genetic algorithm behavior in the MAXSAT domain.- An adaptive mutation scheme for a penalty-based graph-colouring GA.- Inver-over operator for the TSP.- Repair and brood selection in the traveling salesman problem.- The Traveling Salesrep Problem, Edge Assembly Crossover, and 2-opt.- Load balancing in parallel circuit testing with annealing-based and genetic algorithms.- A heuristic combination method for solving job-shop scheduling problems.- Reduction of air traffic congestion by genetic algorithms.- Timetabling the classes of an entire university with an evolutionary algorithm.- Genetic algorithms for the Multiple Container Packing Problem.- Buffer memory optimization in DSP applications: An evolutionary approach.- The Breeder Genetic Algorithm for frequency assignment.- A permutation based Genetic Algorithm for minimum span frequency assignment.- Comparison of Evolutionary Algorithms for design optimization.- Aspects of digital evolution: Evolvability and architecture.- Integrated facility design using an evolutionary approach with a subordinate network algorithm.- An evolutionary algorithm for synthesizing optical thin-film designs.- Implementing genetic algorithms with sterical constraints for protein structure prediction.- Optimal placements of flexible objects: An adaptive simulated annealing approach.- Encapsulated Evolution strategies for the determination of group contribution model parameters in order to predict thermodynamic properties.- Recombination operators for evolutionary graph drawing.- Optimisation of density estimation models with evolutionary algorithms.- Genetic algorithm in parameter estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems.- Optimizing web page layout using an annealed genetic algorithm as client-side script.- Solving the capacitor placement problem in a radial distribution system using an adaptive genetic algorithm.


We argue that the conclusion of Borrelli [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B16, 1672–1679 (1999)] in favor of a negligible contribution of the UV-induced densification to the refractive index change raises questions for the following reasons: (i) The use of a relation between index change and inelastic strains is inadequate to the problem of UV exposure, (ii) the authors claim to describe the process in fiber but forget to take into account the mechanical reaction of the cladding, and (iii) the authors transfer results obtained in oxidized bulk samples to reduced fiber glass.


Postbellum economic change in the United States required an efficient system by which capital could be transferred to areas where it was relatively scarce. In assessing the structure that evolved to meet this need, John James provides a new and convincing explanation of the forces underlying the integration of separate and local money markets to form a national market. To understand the role of financial markets during the period, the author examines the institutions and operations of the banking system in detail. In contrast to the now-prevailing view among scholars, Professor James finds that the banking system was quite adaptable in responding to institutional constraints, and he focuses in particular on the role of the correspondent banking system. The second part of his book assesses the performance of the market and the forces promoting change during the period. Drawing on a new and more carefully derived set of interest rates, the author tests competing hypotheses to explain integration and advances a more satisfactory alternative theory. He offers the first modern analysis of American financial institutions of the period between the Civil War and the establishment of the Federal Reserve System. In so doing, he adds to our knowledge of the historic role of finance and capital in economic development.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Daily productivity determinations of linear photosynthetic electron transfer and of net and gross inorganic CO2 uptake were determined in situ throughout a 6‐week sampling period of the spring phytoplankton bloom in Esthwaite Water in the English Lake District. Photosynthetic electron transfer rates, expressed as gross O2 evolution, were determined from fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorometry and discrete laboratory measurements of the photosynthetic unit size. These gross O2 evolution determinations were also made free from contemporaneous dark‐adapted FRR measurements and the need for sample blanks. Net and gross CO2 uptake was determined from changes in total inorganic carbon calculated from in situ pH measurements. Two phases to the bloom were observed. An initial bloom was dominated by the diatom Asterionella formosa, while a secondary phase was characterized by an increase in flagellates and cyanobacteria. For both phases, daily FRR‐based gross O2 evolution and pH‐based gross CO2 uptake were tightly coupled, suggesting that daily gross O2 production was driving daily changes in CO2 assimilation and thus in community metabolism. This is the first investigation to show closely related rates of gross O2 production and CO2 uptake measured in situ.


The related‐to‐ubiquitin (RUB) protein is post‐translationally conjugated to the cullin subunit of the SCF (SKP1, Cullin, F‐box) class of ubiquitin protein ligases. Although the precise biochemical function of RUB modification is unclear, studies indicate that the modification is important for SCF function. In Arabidopsis, RUB modification of CUL1 is required for normal function of SCFTIR1, an E3 required for response to the plant hormone auxin. In this report we show that an Arabidopsis protein called RCE1 functions as a RUB‐conjugating enzyme in vivo. A mutation in the RCE1 gene results in a phenotype like that of the axr1 mutant. Most strikingly, plants deficient in both RCE1 and AXR1 have an embryonic phenotype similar to mp and bdl mutants, previously shown to be deficient in auxin signaling. Based on these results, we suggest that the RUB‐conjugation pathway is required for auxin‐dependent pattern formation in the developing embryo. In addition, we show that RCE1 interacts directly with the RING protein RBX1 and is present in a stable complex with SCF. We propose that RBX1 functions as an E3 for RUB modification of CUL1.


This report presents two master student graduation studies on trust and collaboration when searching for information on the Internet. The studies were done as part of the SLIM project with Swedish Law and Informatics Research Institute, Faculty of Law, Stockholm University, financed by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond).


It is now generally agreed that the Satyricon was written in the age of Nero by the Emperor's Arbiter elegantiae. The view that it should be dated to the age of the Antonines has been reasserted since the war, and the work of scholars who have refuted it has produced several new arguments of value; notably in the matter of the economic and social background in the Satyricon. H. C. Schnur has recently restated the economic arguments for the Neronian date, with some new points, and with convincing force.


Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the cytopathology of human lip neoplasms, pattern of cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis and to analyse the probable etiological risk factors associated with it.
Methodology: In this hospital based case-control study, 22 subjects (11 cases of lip neoplasm and 11 healthy individuals as Control group) were included in this study. Scraped exfoliated cytosmears were collected from the affected site of the lip and smearing was done in the precleaned- coded glass-slides. Two such slides were prepared from each subject. The cytosmears were immediately fixed in aceto-alcohol (1part of glacial acetic acid:3 part of absolute ethyl alcohol) fixative. One set of the slide was stained with Papanicolaou's stain and the other set wascounter-stained with Giemsa's Solution for cytopathological analysis.The TNM (Tumor- Node-Metastasis) System for staging of lip cancer formulated by American Joint Committee for Cancer (AJCC) Staging and End Results Reporting-2010 was followed.
Results: Lower lip is found to be the most common site in the genesis of lip neoplasm. Pleomorphic cytological atypias such as Micronucleated cell (MNC), Plump keratinized squamous cell (PKSC), Keratinized spindle cell (KSC), Keratinized spindle cell (KSC), Keratinized tadpole cell (KTC), Keratinized strap (Anitschkow) cell (KSC-A), Keratinized fiber cell (KFC), Keratinized round cell (KRC) and Non-keratinized malignant squamous cell (NMSC) with drastic modification were frequently observed in lip neoplasm. Unpredictable metastasis is a common feature in lip neoplasm cases.
Conclusion: Excluding PKSC and MNC, presence of any other atypias in the cytosmearoflip neoplasm indicates the state of malignancy. Thus, exfoliative cytopathology has a potentiality in early detection of lip carcinoma in particular and oral cancer in general.


Observational studies from rock fractures to earthquakes indicate that fractures and many large earthquakes are preceded by accelerating seismic release rates (accelerated seismic deformation). This is characterized by cumulative Benioff strain that follows a power law time-to-failure relation of the form C(t) = K + A(Tf – t)m, where Tf is the failure time of the large event, and m is of the order of 0.2-0.4. More recent theoretical studies have been related to the behavior of seismicity prior to large earthquakes, to the excitation in proximity of a spinodal instability. These have show that the power-law activation associated with the spinodal instability is essentially identical to the power-law acceleration of Benioff strain observed prior to earthquakes with m = 0.25-0.3. In the present study, we provide an estimate of the generic local distribution of cracks, following the Wackentrapp-Hergarten-Neugebauer model for mode I propagation and concentration of microcracks in brittle solids due to remote stress. This is a coupled system that combines the equilibrium equation for the stress tensor with an evolution equation for the crack density integral. This inverse type result is obtained through the equilibrium equations for a solid body. We test models for the local distribution of cracks, with estimation of the stress tensor in terms of the crack density integral, through the Nash-Moser iterative method. Here, via the evolution equation, these estimates imply that the crack density integral grows according to a (Tf – t)0.3-law, in agreement with observations.


It is a requirement of the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) award of the University of Glasgow that the candidate undertakes a research which is relevant to the strategic development of his employing organisation.The overall aim of the DBA thesis is to conduct a critical and strategic analysis of the environment in which the candidate's organisation operates, and to demonstrate how this analysis might inform and contribute to the organisation's stragic planning and development. In this particular case the author is an employee of the Uganda Management Institute.

In order to achive the above general objective and in conformity with the University of Glasgow DBA requirements, the author examined the environment through a series of five (5) Learning Goals. While handling each Learning Goal, a firm eye was directed towards its implications for Uganda Management Institute (UMI)strategy. In the final analysis, the views through those different Learning Goals(or lenses)were integrated to provide a more holistic appraisal of UMI's strategy. The following are the Learning Goals which were examined:

1. To conduct an initial strategic analysis of the business environment in which the Uganda Management Institute(UMI) operates which analysis should support the organisational goal.

2. To undertake a programme of study in reserch methods and data analysis likely to be relevant to the other Learning Goals.

3. To evaluate the context of the structural adjustment programmes(SAPs), past and contemporary, affecting the economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular the Ugandan economy.

4. To undertake a study of the structure, characteristics and performance of the market in Uganda for human resources and the related labour relations institutions and mechanisms.

5. To conduct a strategic analysis of the external, global environment in which the Uganda Management Institute will have to compete and survive.


Build agile and responsive Business Intelligence solutionsAnalyze tabular data using the BI Semantic Model (BISM) in Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Analysis Servicesand discover a simpler method for creating corporate-level BI solutions. Led by three BI experts, youll learn how to build, deploy, and query a BISM tabular model with step-by-step guides, examples, and best practices. This hands-on book shows you how the tabular models in-memory database enables you to perform rapid analyticswhether youre a professional BI developer new to Analysis Services or familiar with its multidimensional model.Discover how to:Determine when a tabular or multidimensional model is right for your project Build a tabular model using SQL Server Data Tools in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Integrate data from multiple sources into a single, coherent view of company information Use the Data Analysis eXpressions (DAX) language to create calculated columns, measures, and queries Choose a data modeling technique that meets your organizations performance and usability requirements Optimize your data model for better performance with xVelocity storage engine Manage complex data relationships, such as multicolumn, banding, and many-to-many Implement security by establishing administrative and data user roles


Freshwater mussels (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionoidea) are one of the most threatened animal groups in Catalonia. Therefore, artificial culture establishes itself as a very important tool for their conservation. LIFE Potamo Fauna works for the conservation of freshwater mussels in Girona's rivers from a captive breeding program carried out in three steps: obtain glochidia from breeding females, infestation of host fish and breeding and fattening of juveniles.
The aim of this paper is to understand what is the best rearing and feeding strategy of juveniles mussels Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819 in the laboratory from growth and survival values of two differents breeding methods.
In the first experiment juvenile were feed with three different diets (based on combinations of algae and detritus) and five different food doses and put inside glass containers with 500 ml of water during a period of 40 days. In the first 15 days, results shown a major growth of juveniles in response to a diet based on different algae: Nannochloropsis gaditana, Tetraselmis chuii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. However, high mortality due to uncontrollable external factors, make impossible to know if this results occur along experimental days. Feeding juveniles with detritus, however, decrease growth values.
In the second experiment we breed juveniles in a closed aquaculture system with three different treatments based on water recirculating speed (high, low or null) and with the same kind of diet. Treatments with high and low recirculation shown major mortalities in 40 days due to the effect of both the recirculation of water and the aeration.
We determined that the best way to breed juveniles of Unio mancus indoor is an aquacultural system without water recirculation, where juvenile mussels showed the most favorable growth (1.432,17 +/- 136,6μm) and survival values (57,5 +/- 15,26%) at 60 days.
It can be concluded that the most effective method for breeding juveniles is the one with the best algae formulation for the species studied and excellent qualities of water and culture environment


We discuss possibilities of application of Numerical Analysis methods to proving computability, in the sense of the TTE approach, of solution operators of boundary-value problems for systems of PDEs. We prove computability of the solution operator for a symmetric hyperbolic system with computable real coefficients and dissipative boundary conditions, and of the Cauchy problem for the same system (we also prove computable dependence on the coefficients) in a cube $Q\subseteq\mathbb R^m$. Such systems describe a wide variety of physical processes (e.g. elasticity, acoustics, Maxwell equations). Moreover, many boundary-value problems for the wave equation also can be reduced to this case, thus we partially answer a question raised in Weihrauch and Zhong (2002). Compared with most of other existing methods of proving computability for PDEs, this method does not require existence of explicit solution formulas and is thus applicable to a broader class of (systems of) equations.


INTRODUCTION Zoonotic control program can not only be done by one sector only, but must involve related sectors so that handling can be done comprehensively. Since 2016 Bengkalis Disctrict has been chosen as one of project area of One Health on prevention and control of targeted emerging infectious diseases and targeted zoonotic, especially rabies. 3 steps of training have been conducted for public health officers, animal health officer and wildlife health officer who served in Bengkalis District. The absence of an information system on rabies-transmitted animal bites cases that can be accesed by officers from these three sectors has hampered the communication process which is the first step in implementing rabies prevention and control activities. Therefore we need a media that can bridge officers from the animal health, public health and wildlife health sector in communicating related cases of rabies-transmitted animal bites. As one of the output of One Health project, a whatsapp messanger grup, named "One Health Riau" have been created for all the field officers from the three sector to help them to communicate. This study aims to provide an overview of the use of whatsapp messenger to communicate, coordinate and also to evaluate field officers in the handling of rabies-transmitted animal bite cases in Bengkalis District during March to May 2018.


Virtual worlds are a frontier unlike any other. But as virtual worlds grow exponentially in the internet age, they find more overlap with the real world and the laws that govern it. One such emerging intersection is the advent of "loot boxes." Borrowing their design from the gambling industry, loot boxes operate as a hybrid between slot machines and packs of trading cards. A consumer pays real-world money to buy a virtual box without knowing its contents. Upon opening the box, the consumer receives a virtual good that may be of great value, but may also be a common or duplicate virtual good of little to no value. Such is the gamble that fuels this troubling and addictive virtual gaming mechanism.

While scholars and government agencies have considered differing views regarding the ownership, property, and sale of virtual goods, few have considered the gambling perspective brought on by loot boxes. This Article offers a unique legal exploration of the overlaps between loot boxes and gambling by proposing that state gambling laws be updated to include the social science concept of perceived value that explains consumer behavior. By examining the perceived value of loot box rewards, it becomes clear that consumers are driven to gamble for virtual goods based on the value they bestow in the virtual world—irrespective of any real-world value. This framework of virtual valuation is key in properly regulating loot boxes as a form of gambling, which plays on the same psychological triggers as do slot machines. This new framework carries important implications outside of gambling regulation in virtual worlds, while also contributing to the developing literature exploring the ethical and economic dilemmas when software is designed to increase user engagement by exploiting psychological weaknesses.


The bribery problem in elections asks whether an external agent can make some distinguished candidate win or prevent her from winning, by bribing some of the voters. This problem was studied with respect to the weighted swap distance between two votes by Elkind et al. (2009). We generalize this definition by introducing a bound on the distance between the original and the bribed votes. The distance measures we consider include a restriction of the weighted swap distance and variants of the footrule distance, which capture some realworld models of influence an external agent may have on the voters. We study constructive and destructive variants of distance bribery for scoring rules and obtain polynomial-time algorithms as well as NP-hardness results. For the case of element-weighted swap and element-weighted footrule distances, we give a complete dichotomy result for the class of pure scoring rules.


As recent questions about the legality of several American military activities make clear, most disputes about the legality of high-level official action take place not in courts of law, but in the court of public opinion. But in the court of public opinion, the various parties to the disputes turn out to be relying on vastly different conceptions of law itself, and of just what is to count as law in the first place. Although the central figures in the civil disobedience tradition – Thoreau, Gandhi, and King, among others – freely acknowledged that they were violating the positive law then in force, such acknowledgments, especially for public officials, are now quite rare. Instead, those who charge official illegality rely on a particular and typically unspoken (albeit narrow) conception of what is law, and officials defend their actions as legal by relying on a different and also typically unspoken (but substantially broader) conception of law. But if the debates about public legality and illegality are ones in which the various sides are relying on fundamentally different understandings of what law is and what the components of law are, the possibility of meaningful public discussion of official legality evaporates. This Essay does not seek to answer the question of what "really" counts as law, but aims instead to expose the jurisprudential underpinnings of typical charges that officials have violated the law, and of typical defenses by officials to such charges, defenses that understand the components of law in a different and ordinarily much more capacious way. Thoreau, Gandhi, and King recognized that positive law may at times conflict with morality or wise policy, but nowadays officials defending their actions against charges of illegality often adopt reconciliation strategies that dissolve any alleged conflicts between what the law requires and what the law-independent best course of action would be. These reconciliation strategies may play well in public discussion, but have the unfortunate effect of making it almost impossible to hold officials to public or political account for their unlawful policies


During the 1992 presidential campaign, health care reform became a hot issue, paving the way for one of the most important yet ill-fated social policy initiatives in American history: Bill Clinton's 1993 proposal for comprehensive coverage under "managed competition." Here Jacob Hacker not only investigates for the first time how managed competition became the president's reform framework, but also illuminates how issues and policies emerge. He follows Clinton's policy ideas from their initial formulation by policy experts through their endorsement by medical industry leaders and politicians to their inclusion--in a new and unexpected form--in the proposal itself. Throughout he explores key questions: Why did health reform become a national issue in the 1990s? Why did Clinton choose managed competition over more familiar options during the 1992 presidential campaign? What effect did this have on the fate of his proposal?Drawing on records of the President's task force, interviews with a wide range of key policy players, and many other sources, Hacker locates his analysis within the context of current political theories on agenda setting. He concludes that Clinton chose managed competition partly because advocates inside and outside the campaign convinced him that it represented a unique middle road to health care reform. This conviction, Hacker maintains, blinded the president and his allies to the political risks of the approach and hindered the development of an effective strategy for enacting it.


Ethicists, historians and sociologists have generally accepted the premise that the legal profession did not offer strong, public defenses of the adversary ethic (ethically neutral service of clients) until after 1870 when professional elites sought to rationalize their role in the rise of corporate capitalism. Prior to 1870, it has been argued, the legal profession was dominated by a civic republican ideology in which lawyers conceived their role as a form of public service dedicated to vindicating the interests of justice and morality even if that meant refusing to seek a client's lawful ends. This paper challenges both claims. Surveying antebellum law periodicals, the article reveals a robust debate on the definition and justifiability of the lawyer's role. In particular, the article examines defenses of the adversary ethic that were both more vigorous and far less apologetic than defenses offered today. Moreover, the article shows that the defenses came from legal elites, not simply Jacksonian levelers, and the defenses were couched in the discourse of civic republicanism - suggesting that morally activist lawyering was not the only conception of the role thought to be consistent with civic republican principles.


This paper discusses the effects of cloud turbulence, turbulent entrainment, and entrained cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation on the evolution of the cloud droplet size spectrum. We simulate an ensemble of idealized turbulent cloud parcels that are subject to entrainment events modeled as a random process. Entrainment events, subsequent turbulent mixing inside the parcel, supersaturation fluctuations, and the resulting stochastic droplet activation and growth by condensation are simulated using a Monte Carlo scheme. Quantities characterizing the turbulence intensity, entrainment rate, CCN concentration, and the mean fraction of environmental air entrained in an event are all specified as independent external parameters. Cloud microphysics is described by applying Lagrangian particles, the so-called superdroplets. These are either unactivated CCN or cloud droplets that grow from activated CCN. The model accounts for the addition of environmental CCN into the cloud by entraining eddies at the cloud edge. Turbulent mixing of the entrained dry air with cloudy air is described using the classical linear relaxation to the mean model. We show that turbulence plays an important role in aiding entrained CCN to activate, and thus broadening the droplet size distribution. These findings are consistent with previous large-eddy simulations (LESs) that consider the impact of variable droplet growth histories on the droplet size spectra in small cumuli. The scheme developed in this work is ready to be used as a stochastic subgrid-scale scheme in LESs of natural clouds.


"Can Politics be Thought in Interiority" is an essay from The Intelligence of Politics , one of two book-length works published by French anthropologist and political theorist, Sylvain Lazarus. The English translation of Lazarus' first book, Anthropology of the Name , is set to come out in August 2015, and while that work can rightly be considered his magnum opus, "Can Politics be Thought in Interiority" provides a comprehensive, yet succinct statement of the concepts outlined in this much longer text. Broadly speaking, the central concern for Lazarus in this essay, as well as in his work as a whole, is to rehabilitate a form of leftist theory that maintains the radical edge of previous discourses, all without either descending into the violent pitfalls that plagued the various socialist and communist projects of the 20th century, or capitulating to the dominant neo-liberal or "parliamentary" regime. According to Lazarus, both the (failed) communist project and the current parliamentary-democratic project—though they espouse widely different ideologies—fall prey to and ultimately fail because of the same underlying structure. For Lazarus, this structure is what he terms "politics in exteriority," which he defines as any mode of political organization that identifies politics in relation (and only in relation) to a specific "object" or set of objects, whether they be conceptual or empirical. The task of contemporary politics is not, according to Lazarus, to find new "objects" for politics to identify with (to use a current example, to maintain that the site of politics is not the nation-State but in "global citizenship" or the "global society"), but to move toward a non-dogmatic and praxis-oriented "politics in interiority," which this essay outlines in detail.  It is also worth noting that Sylvain Lazarus' work has been of crucial importance to the developement of the philosophical and political project of Alain Badiou, and is, alongside with Lacan, Plato, and Sartre, one of the most important influences on Badiou's thought. Key terms and phrases in Badiou's project, such as "the name," "politics without the party," and "politics at a distance from the State," as well as assertions such as "politics is rare," are ideas that have been developed in concert with Lazarus (during their many years of political and theoretical labour together), and in many cases, that have been culled directly (without alteration) from Lazarus' body of work. As such, "Can Politics be Thought in Interiority"—outside of its substantial independent merits—will also be an invaluable resource for the ever-growing legion of Badiou scholars, who until now, have had almost no direct English-language contact with Lazarus' work, and as such, have not been able to get a foothold on one of Badiou's primary influences.


This report studies the applicability of Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI) algorithms to UltraWide Band (UWB) communications, more precisely in the scope of Low Power Body Area Networks (LP-BAN ). Three main issues are studied and given proposed solutions. First, the classical FRI algorithm is modified to accomodate different symmetrical pulse shapes. Such a modification – necessary to get acceptable performances – is done by a simple equalization. Second, LP-BAN devices limitations such as drift, jitter and aggressive quantization are blended in the algorithm. It is done by adjusting the equalization template and development of a suited quantization algorithm. Third and last, the cost of FRI denoising procedure (Cadzow denoising) is greatly reduced to fit the requirements of a low power embedded device. It is centered on performing most of the computations in a low-dimension Krylov subspace of the matrix to be denoised. The particular structure of the projected matrix enables selective computation of the eigenpairs. The result is an algorithm able to resolve close paths within a reasonnable computational budget. Some issues remain on quantization.


This paper overall aims to encourage researchers and managers to consider the role of human resource management (HRM) in the field of information security management (ISM) more seriously. This paper suggests that with more strategically active role of HRM through a combination of selection, training, and pay practices, organizations not only can manage people issues in ISM particularly security awareness and insider threats more effectively, but may be able to sustain competitive advantage of the organizations. This paper provides an initial framework and provokes thoughts on the topic for future researchers and practitioners in both ISM and HRM fields.


I was invited here to explain about Dollarization, the benefits and costs for the US and the countries that adopt it. Before I start my formal presentation, I would like to state, in no uncertain terms, that I am a firm supporter of such system for many Emerging Market economies, EM, especially if it is done within the context of a Treaty with the US (as in Senator Connie Mack's proposal). Moreover, I believe global dollarization will have direct economic benefits for the US, and enhance its role as a worldwide leader. Dollarization is the decision to abandon the national currency and replace it by the US Dollar (or some other hard currency like the Euro). This is a major economic and political decision. By default, a dollarized country adopts US monetary policy, even though the two countries could be going through different phases of the business cycle. Moreover, a dollarized country gives up the option of assisting banks by printing money in the case of a systemic bank run. In the first, and more substantive, part of my presentation I will argue that EM have already given up those functions. Therefore, dollarization is a win-win proposition except possibly for some fiscal costs (called seigniorage in the technical jargon). In the second part of the presentation I will evaluate the advantages of regional dollarization, and argue that dollarization is a winning proposition for the US.


We present two broadcast algorithms that can be used on top of distributed hash tables (DHTs) to perform group communication and arbitrary queries. Unlike other P2P group communication mechanisms, which either embed extra information in the DHTs or use random overlay networks, our algorithms take advantage of the structured DHT overlay networks without maintaining additional information. The proposed algorithms do not send any redundant messages. Furthermore the two algorithms ensure 100% coverage of the nodes in the system even when routing information is outdated as a result of dynamism in the network. The first algorithm performs some correction of outdated routing table entries with a low cost of correction traffic. The second algorithm exploits the nature of the broadcasts to extensively update erroneous routing information at the cost of higher correction traffic. The algorithms are validated and evaluated in our stochastic distributed-algorithms simulator.


In this book, David Temperley addresses a fundamental question about music cognition: how do we extract basic kinds of musical information, such as meter, phrase structure, counterpoint, pitch spelling, harmony, and key from music as we hear it? Taking a computational approach, Temperley develops models for generating these aspects of musical structure. The models he proposes are based on preference rules, which are criteria for evaluating a possible structural analysis of a piece of music. A preference rule system evaluates many possible interpretations and chooses the one that best satisfies the rules.After an introductory chapter, Temperley presents preference rule systems for generating six basic kinds of musical structure: meter, phrase structure, contrapuntal structure, harmony, and key, as well as pitch spelling (the labeling of pitch events with spellings such as A flat or G sharp). He suggests that preference rule systems not only show how musical structures are inferred, but also shed light on other aspects of music. He substantiates this claim with discussions of musical ambiguity, retrospective revision, expectation, and music outside the Western canon (rock and traditional African music). He proposes a framework for the description of musical styles based on preference rule systems and explores the relevance of preference rule systems to higher-level aspects of music, such as musical schemata, narrative and drama, and musical tension.


Many organizations employ interpersonal feedback processes as a structured means of informing and motivating employee improvement. Ample evidence suggests that these feedback processes are largely ineffective, and despite a wealth of prescriptive literature, these processes often fail to lead to employee motivation or improvement. We propose that these feedback processes are often ineffective because they represent threats to recipients' positive self-concept. Because the self-concept is socially sustained, recipients will flee these threats, or otherwise reshape their network to attenuate the negative psychological effects of the threat. Analyzing four years of peer feedback and social network data from an agribusiness company in the Western U.S., we find that employees, in the face of feedback that is more negative than their own self-assessment in a given domain (i.e., disconfirming feedback), reshape their network in ways designed to attenuate the threat brought about by the feedback, and that this behavior is detrimental to their performance. In a laboratory study, we replicate these findings conceptually, showing that disconfirming feedback has such effects on one's relationships and performance because it is perceived as threatening to one's self-concept.


While inter-generational income mobility is commonly understood to be socially desirable in that it promotes equality of life chances, social desirability of intragenerational income mobility is a much more controversial issue, which is known to be concerned with inequality and uncertainty effects, as well as aversion to income fluctuations. In this paper social welfare effects of intra-generational income mobility are investigated from the perspective of an opportunity egalitarian social planner. We show that, given the trade-off between inequality and uncertainty effects, social desirability of income mobility strongly depends on the characteristics of income switchings which are required to be rewarding the more deserving individuals and/or compensating the more unlucky ones. In this sense, we suggest that egalitarianism of opportunity, more than aversion to intertemporal fluctuations, is crucial for motivating the optimality of empirically observed low degrees of income mobility as compared to perfect mobility processes (complete reversal).


OBJECTIVE
To describe clinical outcome and technical outcome assessed using computed tomography (CT) in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) treated by dorsal laminectomy, partial discectomy, and transarticular screw fixation.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective observational case series.

ANIMALS
Dogs with DLSS (n = 17).

METHODS
Dogs with neurologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings compatible with DLSS treated by dorsal laminectomy, partial discectomy and transarticular screw fixation were enrolled. Pre- and postoperative neurologic status was compared. Lumbosacral (LS) angle in extension and misalignment in preoperative MRI were compared with the postoperative CT. Residual mobility of the LS joint after fixation was also evaluated. Status of screws, presence of new bone formation over screw heads/articular facets and presence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) were assessed.

RESULTS
Median CT follow-up was 12 months. Clinical improvement was seen in 13 dogs, 2 dogs had intermittent LS pain, and 2 dogs needed revision surgery. In 5 dogs, screws were either pulled out or broken. Reduction of LS angle in extension and misalignment was achieved. Residual mobility of the LS segment was present and ASD was not recognized.

CONCLUSIONS
Transarticular screw fixation in dogs with DLSS is associated with a considerable number of technical failures and does not result in rigid stabilization; however, this did not significantly adversely influence clinical outcome.


Determining the real-world referents for name mentions of persons, organizations and other named entities in texts has become an important task in many information retrieval scenarios and is referred to as Named Entity Disambiguation (NED). While comprehensive datasets support the development and evaluation of NED approaches for English, there are no public datasets to assess NED systems for other languages, such as German. This paper describes the construction of an NED dataset based on a large corpus of German news articles. The dataset is closely modeled on the datasets used for the Knowledge Base Population tasks of the Text Analysis Conference, and contains gold standard annotations for the NED tasks of Entity Linking, NIL Detection and NIL Clustering. We also present first experimental results on the new dataset for each of these tasks in order to establish a baseline for future research efforts.


The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants' ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses. *             This article belongs to a special issue on migrant fertility.


This paper is based on the premise that knowledge about the alphas of one set of funds will influence an investor's beliefs about other funds. This will be true insofar as an investor's expectation about the performance of a fund is partly a belief about the abilities of mutual fund managers as a group and, more generally, a belief about the degree to which financial markets are efficient. We develop a simple framework for incorporating this prior dependence' and find that it can have a substantial impact on the cross-section of posterior beliefs about fund performance as well as asset allocation. Under independence, the maximum posterior mean alpha increases without bound as the number of funds increases and 'extremely large' estimates are randomly observed. This is true even when fund managers have no skill. In contrast, with prior dependence, investors aggregate information across funds to form a general belief about the potential for abnormal performance. Each fund's alpha estimate is shrunk toward the aggregate estimate, mitigating extreme views. An additional implication is that restricting the estimation to surviving funds, a common practice in this literature, imparts an upward bias to the average fund alpha.


Many strategies have already been proposed for the decarbonisation of the EU energy system by the year 2050. These typically focus on the expansion of renewable energy in the electricity sector and subsequently, electrifying both the heat and transport sectors as much as possible. In these strategies, the role of district heating has never been fully explored system, nor have the benefits of district heating been quantified at the EU level. This study combines the mapping of local heat demands and local heat supplies across the EU27. Using this local knowledge, new district heating potentials are identified and then, the EU27 energy system is modelled to investigate the impact of district heating. The results indicate that a combination of heat savings, district heating in urban areas, and individual heat pumps in rural areas will enable the EU27 to reach its greenhouse gas emission targets by 2050, but at a cheaper price than a scenario which focuses primarily on the implementation of heat savings.


Musical Agents are an emerging technology, designed to provide a range of new musical opportunities to human musicians and composers. Current systems in this area lack certain features which are necessary for a high quality musician; in particular, they lack the ability to structure their output in terms of a communicative dialogue, and reason about the responses of their partners. In order to address these issues, this thesis develops Musical Act Theory (MAT). This is a novel theory, which models musical interactions between agents, allowing a dialogue oriented analysis of music, and an exploration of intention and communication in the context of musical performance. The work here can be separated into four main contributions: a specification for a Musical Middleware system, which can be implemented computationally, and allows distributed agents to collaborate on music in real-time; a computational model of musical interaction, which allows musical agents to analyse the playing of others as part of a communicative process, and formalises the workings of the Musical Middleware system; MAMA, a musical agent system which embodies this theory, and which can function in a variety of Musical Middleware applications; a pilot experiment which explores the use of MAMA and the utility of MAT under controlled conditions. It is found that the Musical Middleware architecture is computationally implementable, and allows for a system which can respond to both direct musical communication and extramusical inputs, including the use of a custom-built tangible interface. MAT is found to capture certain aspects of music which are of interest — an intuitive notion of performative actions in music, and an existing model of musical interaction. Finally, the fact that a number of different levels — theory, architecture and implementation — are tied together gives a coherent model which can be applied to many computational musical situations.


Automatic summarization of open-domain spoken dialogues is a relatively new research area. This article introduces the task and the challenges involved and motivates and presents an approach for obtaining automatic-extract summaries for human transcripts of multiparty dialogues of four different genres, without any restriction on domain. We address the following issues, which are intrinsic to spoken-dialogue summarization and typically can be ignored when summarizing written text such as news wire data: (1) detection and removal of speech disfluencies; (2) detection and insertion of sentence boundaries; and (3) detection and linking of cross-speaker information units (question-answer pairs). A system evaluation is performed using a corpus of 23 dialogue excerpts with an average duration of about 10 minutes, comprising 80 topical segments and about 47,000 words total. The corpus was manually annotated for relevant text spans by six human annotators. The global evaluation shows that for the two more informal genres, our summarization system using dialogue-specific components significantly outperforms two baselines: (1) a maximum-marginal-relevance ranking algorithm using TFIDF term weighting, and (2) a LEAD baseline that extracts the first n words from a text.


This paper examines the implementation of a project-based learning approach in the first year engineering curriculum at the University of Western Australia (UWA). As part of this initiative, the Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Challenge was employed as the focus of student activity within the core undergraduate unit Introduction to Professional Engineering. This unit is the foundation of the professional development component of the engineering degree at UWA. The EWB Challenge provided students with the opportunity to learn about professional engineering whilst contributing towards a real international development project. To create a successful project based learning environment, a comprehensive tutor training program was developed. A number of workshops and laboratory space for prototyping and experimental work were also provided for students. A cultural advisory panel, consisting of all Cambodian students enrolled at UWA, was assembled so that students could gain an appreciation of the cultural context of their work. Communication streaming for tutorials was also undertaken to provide appropriately targeted assistance to students. Student team formation was informed through the use of the Belbin team role inventory. The data collected through this survey tool demonstrated the considerable benefit of considering team role preferences when selecting teams. The project based learning approach adopted yielded significant improvement in student engagement with the material, depth of learning and the perception of the quality of the educational experience. The success of the UWA teams in the associated national EWB Challenge competition providing further testament to the quality of learning.


The problem of Big Data poses challenges to traditional compute systems used for Machine Learning (ML) techniques that extract, analyze and visualize important information. New and creative solutions for processing data must be explored in order to overcome hurdles imposed by Big Data as the amount of data generation grows. These solutions include introducing hybrid cloud systems to aid in the storage and processing of data. However, this introduces additional problems relating to data security as data travels outside localized systems to rely on public storage and processing resources. Current research has relied primarily on data classification as a mechanism to address security concerns of data traversing external resources. This technique can be limited as it assumes data is accurately classified and that an appropriate amount of data is cleared for external use. Leveraging a flexible key store for data encryption can help overcome these possible limitations by treating all data the same and mitigating risk depending on the public provider. This is shown by introducing a Data Key Store (DKS) and public cloud storage offering into a Big Data analytics network topology. Finding show that introducing the Data Key Store into a Big Data analytics network topology successfully allows the topology to be extended to handle the large amounts of data associated with Big Data while preserving appropriate data security. Introducing a public cloud storage solution also provides additional benefits to the Big Data network topology by introducing intentional time delay into data processing, efficient use of system resources when data ebbs occur and extending traditional data storage resiliency techniques to Big Data storage.


Background: Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children's eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents. Methods: Children's taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold with five different concentration levels of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ), and the children's body weight and height were completed by the parents. Children conducted the sensory evaluation test at schools while parents completed the questionnaires online. Results: A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated. Taste sensitivity was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. Children who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness (higher detection threshold) had higher food responsiveness scores, while those who were less sensitive to sweetness and caffeine bitterness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, children who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across children's body mass index (BMI) regarding their FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Children's eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance. Conclusions: This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents which could be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices in children by considering their taste sensitivity.