Humic acid promote the conservation of mineral nutritions and as well as stimulate the pungency usually being more prominent in the cloves of garlic bulb. The effect of humic acid application on accumulation of mineral nutritions and pungency in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. 'Gangajali' was studied. Here, we observed that the maximum concentration of Ca, Fe and S were shown when plants were treated with 400 ppm humic acid. While, in the case of Mg, P and Zn content, the maximum values were observed by application of 200 ppm humic acid. The maximum concentration of K, Cu, Mn were observed when plants were treated with 300 ppm humic acid. Regarding, pungency, content was determined as pyruvic acid development significantly increased with increase in concentration of humic acid applications. Our results also showed significant positive correlations between Mg and P, Mg and Zn, P and Zn, Cu and PAD, and S and PAD, respectively. Based on average values and ANOVA of overall variables, the highest result was observed by application of 300 ppm of humic acid followed by 400 and 200 ppm of humic acid, which may be the proper value addition in garlic bulb by enhancing the mineral nutritions and pyruvic acid development that needs to be studied in the future.

 Key words: Allium sativum L., humic acid, mineral nutritions, pungency.


Teleosts do not possess uteri and ovulation occurs into the ovarian lumen. Hence, osteichthyan viviparity is characterized by intrafollicular gestation or intraluminal gestation (within the ovarian cavity), and thus, the ovary functions both in egg production and maintenance of the developing embryos. Because there is no attachment between embryonic and maternal tissues, maternal-embryonic exchange of gas, electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic waste, and possibly effector molecules and immunoglobulins is mediated by embryotrophe. In several instances it has been demonstrated that embryotrophic proteins originate from maternal serum rather than from elaboration within ovarian tissues. In intraluminal gestation, the ovarian wall becomes hypervascularized and the inner ovarian epithelium lining the ovarian cavity secretes embryotrophe. Trophotaeniae provide extraembryonic endodermal exchange surfaces in many species undergoing intraluminal gestation. There is a strong indication of a trophotaenial membrane binding system for proteins containing appreciable amounts of lysine. In intrafollicular gestation, yolk, pericardial and coelomic sacs play a major role in physiologic exchange. In most instances, intrafollicular gestation is associated with extraembryonic fine structural modifications consistent with respiratory and osmoregulatory functions. The postulated role in nutrient transfer requires experimental evidence. In matrotrophic viviparous teleosts, the gut may provide an effective absorptive surface. On the other hand, the skin, and perhaps the gills and buccopharyngeal tissue, serve as respiratory surfaces. As yet, no experimental evidence suggests exchange of metabolites at these sites. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Intrusion detection can be defined as the analysis of suspicious activities so that intrusions can be easily identified in a short interval of time. Previously implementation of intrusion detection system is limited only to the large networking organizations but from few years it has just become integral component for organizations with comparatively miniature network. In this attempt, intrusion detection system has been incorporated in various real world applications and this paper gives a review to understand and examine the current status of its applications in different fields.


Abstract We consider the kernel estimator of conditional density and derive its asymptotic bias, variance, and mean-square error. Optimal bandwidths (with respect to integrated mean-square error) are found and it is shown that the convergence rate of the density estimator is order n –2/3. We also note that the conditional mean function obtained from the estimator is equivalent to a kernel smoother. Given the undesirable bias properties of kernel smoothers, we seek a modified conditional density estimator that has mean equivalent to some other nonparametric regression smoother with better bias properties. It is also shown that our modified estimator has smaller mean square error than the standard estimator in some commonly occurring situations. Finally, three graphical methods for visualizing conditional density estimators are discussed and applied to a data set consisting of maximum daily temperatures in Melbourne, Australia.


Rapidly developing research in neurophysiology has challenged classical cognitive models based on behavioral evidence. Studies looking more closely at the relationship between cognitive function and the brain structure have shed new light on how the mental processes are physically implemented in the brain. Regardless of whether the neural correlate of cognition is dispersed (the activity of a particular neuron is not representative) or distributed (the level of individual neurons is selective of a concrete feature), it is essential to establish a cognitive ontology that instantiates the structure-function mapping of the brain. The core of the present work relies on the next systemic assumption: at some level, different parts of the normal, healthy brain subserve functions. Consequently, functions should predict the structure and the structure should predict the function. Direct inference or What are the neural correlates of a cognitive operation? and reverse inference or What is the function associated with a brain area activation? are dealt with this systemic and computational light. Needless to say, the task ahead is arduous. Anyhow, important steps are being taken towards true brain inspired architectures in cognitive systems. http://brainmap.org, a database for querying and retrieving data about brain structure and function over the internet, is available to be utilized for testing empirically architectural assumptions. We present a methodology, exemplified by an algorithm, to build cognitive ontologies that integrate cognitive and anatomical models of the brain.


In this paper, we present a general method, based on a convex optimisation technique, that facilitates the coupling of climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework. As a demonstration of the method, we couple an economic growth model a` la Ramsey adapted from DICE-99 with an efficient intermediate complexity climate model, C-GOLDSTEIN, which has highly simplified physics, but fully 3-D ocean dynamics. As in DICE-99, we assume that an economic cost is associated with global temperature change: this change is obtained from the climate model, which is driven by the GHG concentrations computed from the economic growth path. The work extends a previous paper in which these models were coupled in cost-effectiveness mode. Here we consider the more intricate cost-benefit coupling in which the climate impact is not fixed a priori . We implement the coupled model using an oracle-based optimisation technique. Each model is contained in an oracle, which supplies model output and information on its sensitivity to a master program. The algorithm Proximal-ACCPM guarantees the convergence of the procedure under sufficient convexity assumptions. Our results demonstrate the possibility of a consistent, cost-benefit, climate-damage optimisation analysis with a 3-D climate model.


Introduction The objective of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence for cognitive strategy training to determine its effectiveness to improve performance of activities of daily living in an adult neurological population. Method Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PSYCInfo, PsycBITE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until August 2019. Studies examining the effect of cognitive strategy training on functional performance were included. Population criteria included adults with non-progressive neurological conditions. External and internal validity of included studies was systematically evaluated using an appropriate methodological quality assessment for each study design. A content analysis was conducted of the methodologies used. Findings Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were appraised for content, 16 randomised or quasi-randomised trials were meta-analysed. Trial quality was generally 'good', Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale scores ranged from 3 to 8 (out of 10). For activity performance outcomes post-intervention, there was a significant benefit of cognitive strategy training over usual care (standardised mean difference 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.49–1.09; P < 0.00001). Conclusion More high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence base for cognitive strategy interventions to improve activity performance outcomes for adults with non-progressive neurological conditions. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016033728


Abstract Comparative modeling of the DNA-binding domain of human HSF1 facilitated the prediction of possible binding pockets for small molecules and definition of corresponding pharmacophores. In silico screening of a large library of lead-like compounds identified a set of compounds that satisfied the pharmacophoric criteria, a selection of which compounds was purchased to populate a biased sublibrary. A discriminating cell-based screening assay identified compound 001, which was subjected to systematic analysis of structure–activity relationships, resulting in the development of compound 115 (IHSF115). IHSF115 bound to an isolated HSF1 DNA-binding domain fragment. The compound did not affect heat-induced oligomerization, nuclear localization and specific DNA binding but inhibited the transcriptional activity of human HSF1, interfering with the assembly of ATF1-containing transcription complexes. IHSF115 was employed to probe the human heat shock response at the transcriptome level. In contrast to earlier studies of differential regulation in HSF1-naïve and -depleted cells, our results suggest that a large majority of heat-induced genes is positively regulated by HSF1. That IHSF115 effectively countermanded repression in a significant fraction of heat-repressed genes suggests that repression of these genes is mediated by transcriptionally active HSF1. IHSF115 is cytotoxic for a variety of human cancer cell lines, multiple myeloma lines consistently exhibiting high sensitivity.


Although it has been suggested that people use the wrong cognitive procedures in solving stock and flow (SF) problems, we know little of what these mental procedures are. We present two experiments aimed at demonstrating the influence of analogical reasoning on SF failure. Results of Experiment 1 show that SF failure decreases when people are asked to compare problems that share behavioral similarity (common relations). However, the benefit of behavioral similarity depends on the surface similarity (common superficial object attributes). Results from Experiment 2 demonstrate that when the behavioral characteristics of the problems are unknown by the participants, the process of comparing two problems with behavioral similarity improves responses to a subsequent SF problem, regardless of the surface similarity between the problems. Surface similarity helps only when the behavioral similarity between the problems is already known. Implications for training and education in system dynamics are discussed. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.


Super Toys Last All Summer Long is an exhibition that investigates the negotiation of migrant cultural identity in the collective immigrant experience and, specifically, the operation of selfhood. Through the examination of hybridized identity and its mediation the exhibition considers the consequences of 'involuntary' displacement understood as the process of relocating from one source of culture to another. The exhibition seeks to highlight the associations attached to objects by immigrants and to make an assessment of culture in its material and psychological dimensions. Through the use of consumer products, technology and mementos I assemble a hybrid identity to relive the psychological tension caused by my dualistic identity. The works in Super Toys Last All Summer Long are informed by my personal memories and experiences as an immigrant living in North America, and the exhibition investigates both the effects of displacement on individual memory, and the translation of those memories.

Key Words: negotiation, hybrid, culture, identity, immigrant, memory, translation, assemble, objects, installation


The budget of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Red Sea, including the sources, redistributions and sink, is examined using a high-resolution eddy-resolving ocean circulation model. A pronounced seasonally varying EKE is identified, with its maximum intensity occurring in winter, and the strongest EKE is captured mainly in the central and northern basins within the upper 200 m. Eddies acquire kinetic energy from conversion of eddy available potential energy (EPE), from transfer of mean kinetic energy (MKE), and from direct generation due to time-varying (turbulent) wind stress, the first of which contributes predominantly to the majority of the EKE. The EPEto-EKE conversion occurs almost in the entire basin, while the MKE-to-EKE transfer appears mainly along the shelf boundary of the basin (200 m isobath) where high horizontal shear interacts with topography. The EKE generated by the turbulent wind stress is relatively small and limited to the southern basin. All these processes are intensified during winter, when the rate of energy conversion is about four to five times larger than that in summer. The EKE is redistributed by the vertical and horizontal divergence of energy flux and the advection of the mean flow. As a main sink of EKE, dissipation processes is ubiquitously found in the basin. The seasonal variability of these energy conversion terms can explain the significant seasonality of eddy activities in the Red Sea. D R A F T June 3, 2016, 5:09pm D R A F T This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. X 4 ZHAN ET AL.: RED SEA EDDY ENERGY BUDGET


Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) employs a systematic approach to estimate the risk associated with the operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Severe accident management guidance (SAMG), which delineates the mitigation actions of core meltdown accidents of NPPs, is developed to support operators and staffs in the technical support centers during the emergency responses of core melt accidents. Proper execution of SAMG could lower the failure probability of containment and reduce the amount of radionuclides released to the environment during the accident. It can be expected that the implementation of SAMG will reduce the risk of NPPs. However, SAMG is not available when most of the conventional level-2 PSA analyses are performed. In the present study, the mitigation actions of SAMG are incorporated into the level-2 PSA model of the ChinShan Nuclear Power Station of the Taiwan Power Company. The NPP analyzed employs a General Electric-designed boiling water reactor-4 with Mark I containment. The effectiveness of the mitigation actions specified in SAMG to terminate the progression of the accident is verified and validated using the MAAP4 code. The containment system event trees and containment phenomenological event trees of the level-2 PSA model are modified to incorporate the new mitigation actions specified in SAMG. The Human Cognitive Reliability (HCR) and Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) models are used to quantify the human error probability (HEP) of all the actions in the level-2 PSA model. The MAAP4 code is used to perform thermohydraulic calculations to determine the demand time required in the HEP analysis. The results show that the total frequency of accident progression beyond vessel failure is reduced by 41% and the change in the probability of containment staying intact is not very significant because of the implementation of SAMG. After SAMG implementation, the frequency of containment early failure is reduced by 69.9%. The frequency of suppression pool venting is increased by 77.9%. The changes in the frequency of other containment failure modes are relatively insignificant. The most important human action is specified in Guideline RC/F of Severe Accident Guideline-1, i.e., In-Vessel Injection to Arrest Core Damage.


As the baby-boom population ages, adults are expected to take greater responsibility and control of their financial situation, but often are not equipped to assume that responsibility. This lack of control of one"s finances exposes individuals to financial risk, potentially resulting in a reduced standard of living in retirement. This study explores the relationship between the personal attributes of older adults and their financial well-being, measured as financial satisfaction, while focusing on the mediating effects of control beliefs, defined as general sense of control and domain-specific levels of control related to work, health, and finances. Responses from two components of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the core survey and a psychosocial leave-behind questionnaire (LBQ) administered in 2006, were merged and used to test a mediation model. Using a series of regression analyses and a sample of approximately 7400 adults, aged 51 and greater, the findings provide some support of the four hypothesized models. The results of this study indicate that general sense of control and domain-specific control beliefs have a comparable influence on the relationship between personal attributes and the financial satisfaction of the older adult population.


Interdisciplinary research is the collaboration of people fusing knowledge, theories and methodologies from two or more disciplines. Interdisciplinary collaboration can advance fundamental understanding to form a more inclusive means of examining complex issues beyond the scope of a single discipline. The increase of public monies being dedicated to interdisciplinary research is one way federal agencies like the National Science Foundation are trying to foster more collaboration among people of different disciplines. Data is collected from published articles in the Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics from 1996 to 2010. Information on authors of each article— occupations, departmental affiliations, positions held, institutional affiliations, and sources of funding—is collected. Since agricultural economics is strongly tied to policy and the increase of funding for interdisciplinary research, I anticipate there will be a rise in the number of interdisciplinary research articles published in the Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics. I also anticipate that if there are no barriers to joint collaboration between disciplines there will be an increase in the number of tenure track professors engaged in interdisciplinary research. This is a critical issue for professors who are required to publish research in order to receive tenure. This study also has implications for understanding whether difficulties from engaging in interdisciplinary research as opposed to intradisciplinary research for tenure track professors is still relevant.


Family presence at the patient's bed side is promoted and encouraged within the healthcare arena. Healthcare staff strive for reports of satisfaction from patients and families. Positive and negative outcomes of family presence on units within the hospital have been assessed, with suggestions for visitation practices and solutions for common concerns. Positive patient outcomes, including accelerated recovery time, increased reports of comfort, and decreased duration of hospital stay are the ultimate goals of hospital care. Research shows that patient outcomes are impacted greatly by family presence. Patientand family-centered care represents the future model of healthcare. Knowledge of these policies and potential consequences of their implementation will guide the practice of nurses and other healthcare professionals.


The thesis provides a systematic understanding of the media-government relationship in the conduct of foreign policy and a rigorous approach of the media's role and impact on
decision - making processes. It particularly covers a deficiency in the existing literature, with regard to the media's potential to Influence decision outcomes and cause policy changes. The thesis is a theory-based investigation while a case study is employed for illustration purposes.

The thesis approaches the media within the context of an interaction with the government that reflects a complex interconnection of the media and politicians' decisions and is here explored with the employment of rational choice and game theory. The thesis develops a game - theoretic model, which identifies the media as a purposeful actor rather than a mere instrument in the hands of politicians; and provides a rigorous interpretation of the media - government relationship as one between two profit
- maximising actors. It examines the payoffs and costs entailed in their decisions within this interaction, and concentrates on the potential influence that media decisions have on the government's payoffs.

In this model, the media influence is conceptuallsed as an outcome of their ability to frame information according to their self-interests, which are tied to their organisational
structure and lead to the production of audience - driven news stories. With the introduction of framing theory the thesis demonstrates the power inherent in the media's
content to affect the recipient's perception of a given situation; and with the aid of prospect theory, it incorporates media frames into the decision-making process and exhibits their potential implications on perceptions of the risk entailed in political decision - making. The model develops a strategic cause - effect relationship between media frames and governmental decisions that is applied to and tested through the press coverage of two Greek - Turkish territorial crises. The investigation of the two events within the game - theoretic framework draws upon the media's power to create conditions of domestic/national cost for the government that can trigger apparently
irrational and risky decisions. The findings suggest a strategic media impact on decision making processes and highlight the media's role as an actor plausible to affect decision outcomes and cause policy changes independent of the policy at hand.


BACKGROUND
Chile is facing a re-emergence of the HIV epidemic, concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention that effectively prevents HIV transmission among MSM.

AIM
The study was designed to estimate acceptability of PrEP and identify factors associated with PrEP-related attitudes and behaviors among MSM using LAMIS 2018 - Chile study data.

METHODS
Data were taken from the LAMIS 2018 - Chile study, a cross-sectional study of gay, bisexual, transgender, and other MSM. Our subsample included 3976 participants with self-reported HIV-negative or unknown status who responded to sociodemographic questions and items related to PrEP. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with acceptability of PrEP.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 55.7% of the sample reported high PrEP acceptability. Logistic regression indicated that engaging in sex without a condom (ORa = 1.67, IC 95% 1.42-1.97) and having previously used PrEP (ORa = 1.99, IC 95% 1.41-1.62) were associated with high acceptability to use PrEP, while having a stable partner was associated with low acceptability. The estimate of PrEP acceptability was relatively high among participants. However, interventions to increase awareness and promote demand for PrEP may be beneficial. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the need for non-governmental organizations to participate in such strategies and for measures that address regionally-relevant emerging phenomena.


Lauryl Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) is the major anionic surfactant used worldwide in detergent and household cleaning product formulations. Its biodegradation and removal has been extensively studied in wastewater treatment facilities and laboratory-scale tests at low concentrations (<10 mg/L) typical of those encountered in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Less effort, however, has been expended investigating degradation of higher concentrations of LAS representative of those expected in wastewater generated at LAS manufacturing operations. The research described in this thesis was conducted to study biological processes for treating wastewaters containing high concentrations (e.g., 400 mg/L) of LAS. Initial experiments were carried out using a respirometry technique, and subsequently, three different laboratory-scale bioreactor systems. The three systems studied were a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR), and an Intermittent Cycle Extension Aeration System (ICEAS). The SBR and ICEAS were operated on a five-day cycle basis with a hydraulic retention time of four days. The SBBR was operated mainly in a two-day cycle having a hydraulic retention time of ten days as well, and polyurethane foam cubes were used as a support medium for attached biomass growth. The three systems were compared on their ability to remove LAS measured in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and methylene blue active substances (MBAS). The reactors were also compared on the basis of foam production. The ICEAS showed the best performance in terms of controllable foam production while exhibiting a capacity for effectively dealing with transient periods of elevated loading. When a short Fill period was used, the SBR and SBBR had the disadvantage of producing excessive foaming, and an intermittent aeration strategy was required avoid overflow.


The phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity were compared in leaves of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivars Shimon-1, Kyushu-119 and Elegant Summer grown under different temperature and shading conditions. Compared to cultivar differences, there was less effect of temperature and shading on the total phenolic content in sweetpotato leaves, however certain polyphenolic components differed widely among the treatments. The positive correlation between the radical scavenging activity and the level of total phenolics (r = 0.62) suggests that phenolic compounds are important antioxidant components of sweetpotato leaves. All the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) profiles of the cultivars tested showed peaks at the same retention times but peak areas of individual phenolic compounds differed with respective temperature and shading treatments. The phenolic compounds identified in the sweetpotato leaf were caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O- caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Most of the phenolic compounds were highest in leaves from plants grown at 20 °C without shading except 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The results indicate that growing leaves under moderately high temperatures and in full sun enhances the accumulation of phenolic components. These phenolic components have possible value in enhancing human health.


This paper presents a study grounded in the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework using qualitative content analysis and focus group interviews in an effort to identify aspects of learning presence in a blended learning course. Research has suggested that the CoI framework may need additional emphasis based on the roles of strategic learners in online environments. Consequently, this qualitative study investigated the extent to which learning presence, the fourth presence of the CoI framework, manifested itself in a blended mode of delivery. The specific focus was on learning presence and how it precipitated in a blended-learning environment. Findings from the study indicated that a lack of self-regulation skills, such as time-management, coordination, and management of tasks, influenced the learning presence and required a stronger teaching presence. We concluded that self-regulation skills are supportive of effective learning in a blended learning environment.


Abstract The horned dinosaur Centrosaurus apertus from the Belly River Group (Campanian) is represented by multiple articulated skulls and skeletons, and is particularly notable for its occurrence in dozens of large-scale monodominant bonebeds, which have been found in the Dinosaur Park Formation across southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Here we present a detailed taphonomic analysis of the first large-scale Centrosaurus apertus bonebed (McPheeters bonebed) from the Oldman Formation of southeastern Alberta. The McPheeters bonebed rivals the richest bonebeds in the Dinosaur Park Formation in terms of bone density and size, and the complete disarticulation of elements. The bonebed occurs in an overbank facies and is dominated by small bone clasts, suggesting that only low energy water current contributed to the formation of the bonebed before its final burial event. Patterns of taphonomic modification suggest that bones experienced little weathering, breakage, or scavenging. In turn, these conclusions are compatible with an overall interpretation of rapid burial in humid conditions after the disarticulation of elements. These taphonomic features are virtually identical to those seen in the well-documented bonebeds of this species in the Dinosaur Park Formation, which are interpreted to represent mass death events caused by seasonal tropical storms and associated large-scale flooding. Late Cretaceous dinosaur species typically have small geographic and stratigraphic ranges defined by the extent of single geological formations. The new bonebed extends the distribution of Centrosaurus apertus to the upper Oldman Formation, which is interpreted as more inland than the coastally influenced Dinosaur Park Formation, and suggests that mass death events related to seasonal tropical storms occurred over a broader geographic area and in a greater range of paleoenvironments than previously documented.


Surface representation is intrinsic to many applications in medical imaging, computer vision, and computer graphics. We present a method that is based on surface modeling by B-spline. The B-spline constructs a smooth surface that best fits a set of scattered unordered 3D range data points obtained from either a structured light system (a range finder), or from point coordinates on the external contours of a set of surface sections, as for example in histological coronal brain sections. B-spline stands as of one the most efficient surface representations. It possesses many properties such as boundedness, continuity, local shape controllability, and invariance to affine transformations that makes it very suitable and attractive for surface representation. Despite its attractive properties, however, B-spline has not been widely applied for representing a 3D scattered nonordered data set. This may be due to the problem in finding an ordering and a choice for the topological parameters of the B-spline that lead to a physically meaningful surface parameterization based on the scattered data set. The parameters needed for the B-spline surface construction, as well as finding the ordering of the data points, are calculated based on the geodesics of the surface extended Gaussian map. The set of control points is analytically calculated by solving a minimum mean square error problem for best surface fitting. For a noise immune modeling, we elect to use an approximating rather than an interpolating B-spline. We also examine ways of making the B-spline fitting technique robust to local deformation and noise.


An eight-member ensemble of ECHAM5-HAMMOZ simulations for a boreal summer season is analysed to study the transport of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). The simulations show persistent maxima in black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and mineral dust aerosols within the anticyclone in the UTLS throughout the ASM (period from July to September), when convective activity over the Indian subcontinent is highest, indicating that boundary layer aerosol pollution is the source of this UTLS aerosol layer. The simulations identify deep convection and the associated heat-driven circulation over the southern flanks of the Himalayas as the dominant transport pathway of aerosols and water vapour into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Comparison of model simulations with and without aerosols indicates that anthropogenic aerosols are central to the formation of this transport pathway. Aerosols act to increase cloud ice, water vapour, and temperature in the model UTLS. Evidence of ASM transport of aerosols into the stratosphere is also found, in agreement with aerosol extinction measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II. As suggested by the observations, aerosols are transported into the Southern Hemisphere around the tropical tropopause by large-scale mixing processes. Aerosol-induced circulation changes also include a weakening of the main branch of the Hadley circulation and a reduction of monsoon precipitation over India.


In this thesis, a new class of weighted generalized beta distribution of the second kind (WGB2) is presented. The construction makes use of the 'conservability approach' which includes the size or length-biased distribution as a special case. The class of WGB2 is used as descriptive models for the distribution of income. The results that are presented generalize the generalized beta distribution of second kind (GB2). The properties of these distributions including behavior of pdf, cdf, hazard functions, moments, mean, variance, coefficient of variation (CV), coefficient of skewness (CS), coefficient of kurtosis (CK) are obtained. The moments of other weighted distributions that are related to WGB2 are obtained. Other important properties including entropy (generalized and beta), which are measures of the uncertainty in this class of distributions are derived and studied. Top-sensitive index, bottom-sensitive index, mean logarithmic deviation (MLD) index and Theil index obtained from generalized entropy (GE) are also applied practically. Dagum distribution is a special case of GB2, properties of Dagum and Weighted Dagum distributions including hazard function, reverse hazard function, moments are presented. Fisher information matrix (FIM) and estimates of model parameters under censoring including progressive Type II for the Dagum distribution are presented. WGB2 proved to be in the generalized beta-F family of distributions, and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is used to obtain the parameter estimates. WGB2 is applied as descriptive models for the size distribution of income, and fitted to U.S. family income (20012009) data with different values of parameters. The empirical results show the length-biased distribution provides the best relative fit.


There are five excellent studies which are published in this issue of Australasian Accounting, Banking and Finance Journal (AABFJ). As summarised below, out of these five studies, four of the studies have investigated and explored various accounting, finance and accountability issues of emerging and developing economies. Although more needs to be done, it is encouraging to observe that researchers from developing and emerging economies have been making progress in disseminating their research findings to the interested global communities.


: In certain regions of the Southern Ocean, tidal energy is believed to foster the mixing of different water masses, which eventually contribute to the formation of deep and bottom waters. The Ross Sea is one of the major ventilation sites of the global ocean abyss and a region of sparse tidal observations. We investigated M 2 tidal dynamics in the Ross Sea using a three-dimensional sigma coordinate model, the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). Realistic topography and hydrography from existing observational data were used with a single tidal constituent, the semi-diurnal M 2 . The model fields faithfully reproduced the major features of the tidal circulation and had reasonable agreement with ten existing tidal elevation observations and forty-two existing tidal current measurements. The differences were attributed primarily to topographic errors. Internal tides were generated at the continental shelf/slope break and other areas of steep topography. Strong vertical shears in the horizontal velocities occurred under and at the edges of the Ross Ice Shelf and along the continental shelf/slope break. Estimates of lead formation based on divergence of baroclinic velocities were significantly higher than those based on barotrophic velocities, reaching over 10% at the continental shelf/slope break.


Soil CO2 emissions, the result of soil respiration processes, may be essential in climate change modelling. The complex phenomenon of soil respiration is regulated by a range of mainly climate-related environmental factors. We tested the latest published empirical models in a field experiment in an agricultural soil under Mediterranean conditions. Soil respiration was monitored biweekly with a portable infrared gas analyser, and climate features were monitored for 1 year (2010–11). An additional rewetting assay (watering the soil) was done at the end of the experiment in summer when the soil water content was dry. We tested different approaches to represent the simple effect of climate factors on soil respiration and found Gaussian models to be the best. We also tested the most recent models designed to represent the synergic effects of climate factors, and our modification of the Martin and Bolstad model showed the best coefficient of determination. The results suggest that linear approaches and the use of a fixed Q10 value should be revised to represent climate and soil respiration relations, especially in high-variability environments where soil respiration variability is controlled by soil temperature and moisture interactions, while precipitation pulses induce CO2 emission peaks. Finally, our results showed that the influence of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration is lower under Mediterranean conditions than in temperate climate types.


Comedy cannot be understood as an abstract critical concept, argues Roger Henkle; it 'must be studied in specific cultural and historical contexts. From this point of view he examines the development of literary comedy in nineteenth-century England, and shows how comic modes and techniques were used to express and release the tensions of the middle class during periods of both rapid cultural change and relative stability.Originally published in 1980.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Objective

Although the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) is a feasible quality of life (QoL) instrument for people with schizophrenia, the reproducibility and stationarity of SQLS-R4 are underdeveloped. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the reproducibility, including the relative and the absolute reliabilities of the SQLS-R4; (2) to establish the stationarity of the SQLS-R4 through measurement invariance.

Methods

One hundred people with schizophrenia filled out the SQLS-R4 twice with an interval of 2 weeks. The relative and absolute reliabilities were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%), and the smallest real difference (SRD%). The measurement invariance was done through nested models of confirmatory factor analyses.

Results

Both the relative (ICC=0.728 to 0.886) and absolute reliabilities (SEM%=3.13% to 8.47%; SRD%=8.64% to 16.58%) were satisfactory for SQLS-R4, which suggested its adequate stability. The measurement invariance of the three-factor construct of SQLS-R4 remained the same across time for people with schizophrenia. Also, factor loadings (P of Δχ2=0.122), item intercepts (P of Δχ2=0.516), and residual variances of measured items (P of Δχ2=0.370) of SQLS-R4 were partial invariance.

Conclusion

The reproducibility and stationarity were established for SQLS-R4, and the results suggested that the SQLS-R4 is reliable and valid across time. Healthcare professionals can use the SQLS-R4 to longitudinally monitor the QoL of people with schizophrenia. In addition, the SQLS-R4 may be used to measure intervention effects on people with schizophrenia.


Over 30 years of Indigenous language continuation efforts around the globe have not halted or reversed the escalating decline in usage of Indigenous languages. Despite the success of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in commonly spoken languages, there have been few implementations in Indigenous language contexts. The research aimed to gain an understanding of this situation by problematising CALL and CALL design.

The investigation was carried out in north-west Western Australia, with Nyikina co-researchers, through a collegiate participatory design – development process. The study employed design-based research (DBR) as critical qualitative inquiry, resulting in both theoretical and practical outcomes. Grounded theory as a guide to data collection and analysis led to the exposure of linguistic colonisation of Indigenous languages and language learning design. This explanatory theory underpinned the research problem. It also shaped the DBR outcomes of a practical artefact (Nyikina nganka Yimardoowarra), participant benefits, formulation of a critical contextual design model (CCDM) for language learning design and consequent design guidelines for CALL in an Indigenous language. The study confirmed the use of critical qualitative DBR as a powerful and effective research methodology for investigating design and development of educational materials.

The CCDM is a broad concept for design, consisting of five levels. Language learning design starts with the language community and origins, and form and usage of the language. These foundations inform language learning theory and thence pedagogy. Finally, development of the product is a situated activity and CALL is only one mode of delivery. The research identifies an urgent need for international collaborative research with Indigenous communities using the CCDM to develop appropriate learning theory, pedagogy and delivery for oral Indigenous languages.


Abstract. This paper examines river bank retreat rates, individual erosion events, and the processes that drive them in the Upper Severn basin, mid-Wales, UK. Traditional erosion pin networks were used to deliver information on patterns of downstream change in erosion rates. In addition, the novel automatic Photo-Electronic Erosion Pin (PEEP) monitoring system was deployed to generate near-continuous data on the temporal distribution of bank erosion and accretion: this allowed focus on the magnitude and timing of individual erosional and depositional events in relation to specific flow episodes. Erosion dynamics data from throughout the Upper Severn basin are combined with detailed information on bank material properties and spatial change in channel hydraulics derived from direct field survey, to assess the relationships between flow properties and bank erosion rates. Results show that bank erosion rates generally increase downstream, but relate more strongly to discharge than to reach-mean shear stress, which peaks near the basin head. Downstream changes in erosion mechanisms and boundary materials, across the upland/lowland transition (especially the degree of development of composite bank material profiles), are especially significant. Examples of sequences of bank erosion events show how the PEEP system can (a) quantify the impact of individual, rather than aggregated, forcing events, (b) reveal the full complexity of bank response to given driving agents, including delayed erosion events, and (c) establish hypotheses of process-control in bank erosion systems. These findings have important implications for the way in which bank erosion problems are researched and managed. The complex responses demonstrated have special significance for the way in which bank processes and channel-margin sediment injections should be handled in river dynamics models.


Recent progress in portable and wearable electronics has promoted a growing demand for high-performance and flexible energy-storage devices that are abundant and affordable. Because reduced graphene oxide (rGO), originating from inexpensive graphite, serves as a higher-performance energy-storage electrode than conventional activated carbons and carbon nanotubes, research and development of rGO/polymer composite electrodes for flexible supercapacitors have become a center of attraction. However, the fabrication of rGO-based flexible electrodes frequently requires a long time with high-temperature treatment or toxic chemical treatment, resulting in the lack of scalability and eco-friendliness. Here we show a fast, scalable, and environment-compatible route to fabricate a high-performance rGO/cellulose paper supercapacitor electrode. Single-layer graphene oxide (GO) sheets and recycled waste pulp fibers were successfully fabricated into a paper composite by a well-established scalable papermaking process, followed by a room-temperature, additive-free, and millisecond-timescale flash reduction process. The as-prepared rGO/paper electrode had a high specific capacitance, up to 212 F g−1, for an all paper-based flexible supercapacitor, comparable to those of state-of-the-art rGO-based electrodes, while dramatically decreasing the reduction time of GO from the conventional hour timescale to milliseconds. This work will pave the way for green, flexible, and mass-producible energy-storage paper in future wearable electronics.


The molecular imprinting technique relies on the molecular recognition. It is a kind of polymerization which is formed around the target molecule. Hence this technique forms specific cavities in the cross-linked polymeric matrices. In this report, we developed quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor for the real-time detection of kaempferol (KAE). Firstly, the modification of gold surface of QCM chip was carried out by self-assembling monolayer formation of allyl mercaptane to introduce polymerizable double bonds on the chip surface. Then, KAE imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–methacryloylamidoaspartic acid) [p(HEMA–MAAsp)] film was generated on the gold suraempferol CM olecular imprinting haracterization anosensor face. The non-modified and KAE-imprinted p(HEMA–MAAsp) surfaces were characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ellipsometry. The linearity range and the detection limit were obtained as 2.0 × 10−10 to 1.5 × 10−9 M and 6.0 × 10−11 M, respectively. The developed method was applied to real samples such as orange and apple juices for the determination of KAE in the presence of quercetin (QR), myricetin (MYR) and apigenin (API). In addition, isotherm models were applied to data to explain adsorption process.


Demographic models, which are a natural extension of capture–recapture (CR) methodology, are a powerful tool to guide decisions when managing wildlife populations. We compare three different modelling approaches to evaluate the effect of increased harvest on the population growth of Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica). Our first approach is a traditional matrix model where survival was reduced to simulate increased harvest. We included environmental stochasticity in the matrix projection model by simulating good, average, and bad years to account for the large inter–annual variation in fecundity and first–year survival, a common feature of birds nesting in the Arctic. Our second approach is based on the elasticity (or relative sensitivity) of population growth rate (lambda) to changes in survival as simple functions of generation time. Generation time was obtained from the mean transition matrix based on the observed proportion of good, average and bad years between 1985 and 1998. If we assume that hunting mortality is additive to natural mortality, then a simple formula predicts changes in lambda as a function of changes in harvest rate. This second approach can be viewed as a simplification of the matrix model because it uses formal sensitivity results derived from population projection. Our third, and potentially more powerful approach, uses the Kalman Filter to combine information on demographic parameters, i.e. the population mechanisms summarized in a transition matrix model, and the census information (i.e. annual survey) within an overall Gaussian likelihood. The advantage of this approach is that it minimizes process and measured uncertainties associated with both the census and demographic parameters based on the variance of each estimate. This third approach, in contrast to the second, can be viewed as an extension of the matrix model, by combining its results with the independent census information.


The structure of the tetradeca-(3-fluorotyrosyl) M1-1 GSH transferase (3-FTyr GSH transferase), a protein in which tyrosine residues are globally substituted by 3-fluorotyrosines has been determined at 2.2 A resolution. This variant was produced to study the effect on the enzymatic mechanism and the structure was undertaken to assess how the presence of the 3-fluorotyrosyl residue influences the protein conformation and hence its function. Although fluorinated amino acid residues have frequently been used in biochemical and NMR investigations of proteins, no structure of a protein that has been globally substituted with a fluorinated amino acid has previously been reported. Thus, this structure represents the first crystal structure of such a protein containing a library of 14 (28 crystallographically distinct) microenvironments from which the nature of the interactions of fluorine atoms with the rest of the protein can be evaluated. Numerous conformational changes are observed in the protein structure as a result of substitution of 3-fluorotyrosine for tyrosine. The results of the comparison of the crystal structure of the fluorinated protein with the native enzyme reveal that conformational changes are observed for most of the 3-fluorotyrosines. The largest differences are seen for residues where the fluorine, the OH, or both are directly involved in interactions with other regions of the protein or with a symmetry-related molecule. The fluorine atoms of the 3-fluorotyrosine interact primarily through hydrogen bonds with other residues and water molecules. In several cases, the conformation of a 3-fluorotyrosine is different in one of the monomers of the enzyme from that observed in the other, including different hydrogen-bonding patterns. Altered conformations can be related to differences in the crystal packing interactions of the two monomers in the asymmetric unit. The fluorine atom on the active-site Tyr6 is located near the S atom of the thioether product (9R,10R)-9-(S-glutathionyl)-10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and creates a different pattern of interactions between 3-fluorotyrosine 6 and the S atom. Studies of these interactions help explain why 3-FTyr GSH transferase exhibits spectral and kinetic properties distinct from the native GSH transferase.


Frederick the Wise was a leading patron of the visual arts in the early decades of the sixteenth century. This essay examines the Saxon elector's choice of St. Bartholomew as his holy protector and promotion of the martyred saint in painting and the graphic arts as a leading intercessor for the Christian faithful. Frederick's personal devotion to St. Bartholomew is examined as a microcosm of the apostle's cult following on the eve of the Reformation. St. Bartholomew's legendary noble status and popular veneration in Germany as a plague intercessor and protector of those in dire circumstances likely recommended him to Elector Frederick, whose ancestors likewise demonstrated a devotional affinity for the apostle. Lucas Cranach's engraving Frederick the Wise Venerates His Patron St. Bartholomew can be viewed within the broader context of the elector's ongoing efforts to promote in the visual media the cult of saints and relics as well as the dynastic cult of the House of Saxony.


Bedrock rivers set the pace of landscape adjustment to tectonic and climatic forcing by transmitting signals of base-level change upstream through the channel network and ultimately to hillslopes. River incision is typically modeled as a monotonic function of bed shear stress or stream power, modulated by sediment tools and cover effects, but these models do not apply in channels with steep or vertical bedrock reaches due to changes in flow dynamics, hydraulic geometry, and bed cover. Here, we investigate how such knickzones (oversteepened channel reaches often containing waterfalls) influence the propagation of slope-break knickpoints that separate relict from adjusting topography, and thus the response times of landscapes to external forcing. We use a conceptual long-profile model to explore the consequences of waterfalls and knickzones on channel response and compare predictions to light detection and ranging (LiDAR) topography, field observations, and cosmogenic radionuclide data from Big Tujunga Creek, a 300 km2 watershed in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Three prominent knickzones along Big Tujunga Creek, characterized by numerous waterfalls, show contrasting behavior. For the upper knickzone, waterfalls align with bands of harder rock exposed on adjacent hillslopes, and between waterfalls, the channel is mantled by large (>2 m) boulders, indicating knickzone retreat is slow compared to predictions of slope-break knickpoint retreat from stream-power models, enhancing the preservation of an upstream relict landscape. The middle knickzone shows evidence for both fast and slow knickzone retreat, as well as significant deviations from predictions of uniform tributary knickpoint elevations derived from stream-power models. The lower knickzone is characterized by a waterfall and knickzone within an incised inner gorge that provide evidence of rapid retreat relative to background channel incision. Overall, we find a pattern of decreasing knickzone and waterfall retreat rate with distance upstream of the range front, beyond decreases predicted by simple area-dependent celerity models. Our results highlight that waterfalls and knickzones can both enhance and inhibit landscape adjustment, leading to divergent controls on the pace of landscape evolution.


ABSTRACT Amphicyonidae Trouessart, 1885 are among the oldest known carnivoran groups, with the oldest representatives in Europe belonging to the genus Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850. This genus, discovered in the middle of the 19th century, presents a particularly confusing taxonomic history. Early on it was subject to taxonomic inflation, but now its diversity is reduced to six species. It is therefore interesting to question the relevance of dental characteristics, knowing that these structures have, very often, been the only anatomical elements used for the description of extinct mammalian taxa. Thanks to the several deposits of the Quercy Phosphorites, many crania of Cynodictis are available, allowing us to address this issue. In this comparative study, several skulls belonging to this genus are compared. Finally, we describe a new species, Cynodictis peignei n. sp., and discuss the relevance of cranial characters in comparison with dental characters and the ecological information from these structures.


As the classic transactional abstraction is sometimes considered too restrictive in leveraging parallelism, a lot of work has been devoted to devising relaxed transactional models with the goal of improving concurrency. Nevertheless, the quest for improving concurrency has somehow led to neglect one of the most appealing aspects of transactions: software composition, namely, the ability to develop pieces of software independently and compose them into applications that behave correctly in the face of concurrency. Indeed, a closer look at relaxed transactional models reveals that they do jeopardize composition, raising the fundamental question whether it is at all possible to devise such models while preserving composition. This paper shows that the answer is positive. We present outheritance, a necessary and sufficient condition for a (potentially relaxed) transactional memory to support composition. Basically, outheritance requires child transactions to pass their conflict information to their parent transaction, which in turn maintains this information until commit time. Concrete instantiations of this idea have been used before, classic transactions being the most prevalent example, but we believe to be the first to capture this as a general principle as well as to prove that it is, strictly speaking, equivalent to ensuring composition. We illustrate the benefits of outheritance using elastic transactions and show how they can satisfy outheritance and provide composition without hampering concurrency. We leverage this to present a new (transactional) Java package, a composable alternative to the concurrency package of the JDK, and evaluate efficiency through an implementation that speeds up state of the art software transactional memory implementations (TL2, LSA, SwissTM) by almost a factor of 3.


Standard models of aggregate demand treat money and credit asymmetrically; money is given a special status, while loans, bonds, and other debt instruments are lumped together in a "bond market" and suppressed by Walras' Law. This makes bank liabilities central to the monetary transmission mechanism, while giving no role to bank assets. We show how to modify a textbook IS-UI model so as to permit a more balanced treatment. As in Tobin (1969) and Brunner-Meltzer (1972), the key assumption is that loans and bonds are imperfect substitutes. In the modified model, credit supply and demand shocks have independent effects on aggregate demand; the nature of the monetary transmission mechanism is also somewhat different. The main policy implication is that the relative value of money and credit as policy indicators depends on the variances of shocks to money and credit demand. We present some evidence that money-demand shocks have become more important relative to credit-demand shocks during the 1980s.


IDDM results from a progressive loss of pancreatic beta-cells that, in humans, may be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recently, attention has been focused on the hypothesis that the loss of beta-cells is initiated by inappropriate induction of apoptosis. We now demonstrate that human islets of Langerhans undergo apoptosis upon exposure to interleukin-1beta. The cytokine also sharply increases the number of cells that enter apoptosis on treatment with a stimulatory anti-Fas antibody. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry clearly show for the first time that human pancreatic beta-cells normally express Fas ligand. The results suggest that human islet cells are primed to undergo apoptosis by interleukin-1beta and that this involves the close association between cell-surface Fas and its ligand.


Femtosecond IR-pump-IR-probe experiments with independently tunable pulses are used to monitor the ultrafast response of selected IR absorption bands to vibrational excitation of other modes of Fmoc-nitrophenylalanine. The absorptions of both NO(2)-bands change rapidly within <2 ps upon excitation of other vibrational modes. The results point to considerable coupling between the monitored NO(2) modes and the initially excited modes or low-frequency modes. The latter are populated by a rapid energy redistribution process. The strong IR absorption of the NO(2) stretching bands and the intense coupling to other modes makes the nitro group of nitrophenylalanine a sensitive monitor for vibrational energy arriving at this amino acid.


ABSTRACT The Choshi Group, which crops out in the Outer Zone of south-west Japan, has been extensively studied for its rich macroflora by Makoto and Harufumi Nishida, among others, and was attributed to the Ryoseki-type Floristic Province by Kimura (1987). New microfloras were discovered in muddy, very fine-grained sandstones and mudstones of the marine Ashikajima and Kimigahama formations, representing the base of the Choshi Group. The authors provide a palynological inventory for these lithological units, which have been dated as Barremian on the basis of the ammonites recorded from them, and compare them with the paleofloristic associations of the South-Laurasian Province (Brenner 1976) and Euro-Sinian Region (Vakhrameev 1991). The studied assemblages yielded 53 genera and 89 species of spores and gymnosperm pollen grains, and also marine or freshwater algae and some epiphyllous fungi. No angiosperm pollen grain was observed. Four new species are described: Manumia japonica n. sp., Foveosporites ryosekiensis n. sp., Nodosisporites choshiensis n. sp. and N. makotoi n. sp. Other forms, probably new species, are described here in detail, but the scarcity of the specimens has led us to place them temporarily in open nomenclature. The spatio-temporal distributions of the genus Manumia Pocock, reported for the first time in Asia, and Cicatricosisporites sinuosus Hunt, 1985 are plotted on paleogeographical maps. With this palynological study, we add new data to the present knowledge of Barremian floras. This assemblage probably corresponds to a taphocenose. The authors suggest that the climate indicated had marked dry and more humid seasons, in accordance with the hypothesis of a moderate migration of the oceanic islands of the Outer Zone before their collision with the Eurasian continent, or moderate climatic change during the Early Cretaceous in Japan.


Governing Indigenous Territories illuminates a paradox of modern indigenous lives. In recent decades, native peoples from Alaska to Cameroon have sought and gained legal title to significant areas of land, not as individuals or families but as large, collective organizations. Obtaining these collective titles represents an enormous accomplishment; it also creates dramatic changes. Once an indigenous territory is legally established, other governments and organizations expect it to act as a unified political entity, making decisions on behalf of its population and managing those living within its borders. A territorial government must mediate between outsiders and a not-always-united population within a context of constantly shifting global development priorities. The people of Rukullakta, a large indigenous territory in Ecuador, have struggled to enact sovereignty since the late 1960s. Drawing broadly applicable lessons from their experiences of self-rule, Juliet S. Erazo shows how collective titling produces new expectations, obligations, and subjectivities within indigenous territories.


Abstract. Analysis of non-uniqueness model in resistivity imaging data is vital in inaugurating the consistency of models. Nevertheless, such analysis is moderately unusual in resistivity imaging data set. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique is being constantly used in many scientific areas including engineering, environmental and archaeological survey. Primarily, the inversion algorithm techniques are employed on synthetic model data set with and without some random Gaussian noise, and its validity is tested by filed data set. The study was conducted in the premises of Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad by laying an ERT profile of 480 m length with 5 m electrode spacing using Syscal Pro (Iris instrument) resistivity meter. Two standard arrays were used in this study namely Wenner-Schlumberger and dipole-dipole array. The data set was mixed to a single array to achieve better resolution and enhanced clarification. On processing data by Prosys-II software, it was exported in Res2Dinv software for inversion. In this context, data was inverted by different algorithm techniques i.e. least square (L2-norm) and robust inversion (L1-norm). Exemplary results related to the heterogeneity of the resistivity structure within the high and low resistivity anomaly were obtained by robust inversion method. The obtained results are in broad agreement with the simulation model.


The pola of society consumption in Yogyakarta has been changing started from monetery crisis on 1998. The changing can be seen from buying behavior of consumer who has variation. This descriptive research would like to know the profile of consumer behavior of Yogyakarta society in consuming goods and services. The number of 418 respondents has choosed as sample through stratification methods. Research findings as foolows: base on group of good, dominated by food (26,66%), finished food (17,04%) and education (13,93%). The frequency of buying consumer was monthly (65,3%). While, the place of shopping was dominated by supermarket (47,61%) and shop (28,47%). Majority of society in Yogyakarta use cash to buy goods and services (98,1%). Factors that can influence consumer behavior of Yogyakarta society with the specific sample (special group of society) can be assested in the next research. keyword : Pola of consumption, behavior of consumer consumption, shopping allocation, place of shopping, tool of payment


Influenced by national accreditation mandates, teacher preparation programs are beginning to examine more carefully the assessment and instruction of preservice teachers' professional behaviors and dispositions. We conducted a pilot evaluation to examine the outcomes of specialized instruction regarding professional behavior for preservice teachers in special education. The evaluation employed field setting supervisor ratings for each of eight preservice teachers. Field supervisor assessments occurred at six points during the semester. Four students were assigned to a special section of a normally required seminar in which we explicitly taught characteristics of basic professional behavior. Four other students were assigned to a typical seminar associated with the field experience offering didactic instruction alone about professional behavior. During specialized instruction students read, discussed, and authored their own hypothetical case studies about preservice students, and they rated the cases using both a faculty developed Professional Behavior Assessment (PBA) instrument and rubrics. Field supervisor ratings using the same PBA instrument did not clearly support one training approach over the other. Preservice teachers, however, reported that the discussion and rating of case studies provided a much clearer understanding of professional behavior. The challenges of performing reliable evaluation of growth in teacher professional behavior are discussed.


Background: Unwanted hair is one of the most common medical problems affecting women of reproductive age inducing a lot of psychological stress and threatening their femininity and self-esteem. Old methods of removing unwanted hair include shaving, waxing, chemical epilation, and electrolysis, all of which have temporary results. However laser-assisted hair removal is the most efficient method of long-term hair removal currently available. It is desirable to develop a reduced-cost photodynamic therapy (PDT) system whose properties should include high efficiency and low side-effects. Objectives: The aim is to develop an adequate PDT system including helium-neon (He-Ne) laser and its effect on the photodynamic activity of methylene blue (Figs. 1 and 2) in biological experiments. Method: Mice skin tissues were used in this study and divided into the following six groups: controls (Fig.3), free methylene blue (MB) incubation, liposomal MB incubation, laser without MB, free MB for 3 and 4 hrs and laser, liposome MB for 3 hrs and laser. MB was applied to wax epilated areas. The areas were irradiated with CW He-Ne laser system that emits orange-red light with wavelength 632.8 nm and 10 mW at energy density of 5 J/cm2 for 10 minutes. The UV-visible spectrum was collected by Cary spectrophotometer. Results: MB is selectively absorbed by actively growing hair follicles due to its cationic property (Fig.4). MB untreated sections showed that hair follicles and sebaceous glands are intact and there is no change due to the laser exposure (Fig.5). Free MB sections incubated for 3 hrs showed that He:Ne laser induced destruction in hair follicles, leaving an intact epidermis (Fig. 6). Treated section with free MB for 4 hrs showed degeneration and necrosis in hair follicles, leaving an intact epidermis (Fig. 7). Liposomal MB sections incubated for 3 hrs showed He:Ne laser induced destruction in hair follicles with intradermal leukocytic infiltration (Fig. 8). Conclusion: Low power He:Ne laser and MB offers a successful PDT system in selectively damaging hair follicles, leaving an intact epidermis. The current PDT system provides better outcome than hair destruction through laser heat transfer procedures and laser-mediated hair removal, due to complete destruction of hair follicles.


The greatest challenge of this century is focused on sustainability due to, among other reasons, the world population growth and consequently an increase in demand of resources such as water, food and energy. The main difficulty when discussing the issue of sustainable development is the evaluation methodology. Therefore, there is a need for a measurement tool that addresses these resources in a holistic manner and be able to translate data into results that can be interpreted in an easy way. There are tools validated for this purpose like: "Dashboard of Sustainability", "Barometer of Sustainability" and others under development such as the CLEW Nexus by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This paper aims to develop a new model to analyze the correlation between the variables, energy, water, land use and climate, using artificial intelligence through fuzzy logic, having as a database, indicators that represent one or more resource, considering the relative and temporal distribution required to research results and behaviors. The result is a final index generated by mapping these input data. The results presented in this paper refer to an analysis of Brazilian indicators, although they can be applied to any other country, allowing a comparison analysis of the behavior of index between regions. The contribution of this project is the availability of a tool with powerful computational resource, aimed at decision makers to assist in developing strategies and development policies.


A parameterized orthogonal tight-binding mathematical model of the quantum electronic structure of the bismuth telluride molecule has been devised for use in conjunction with a semiclassical transport model in predicting the thermoelectric properties of doped bismuth telluride. This model is expected to be useful in designing and analyzing Bi2Te3 thermoelectric devices, including ones that contain such nano - structures as quantum wells and wires. In addition, the understanding gained in the use of this model can be expected to lead to the development of better models that could be useful for developing other thermoelectric materials and devices having enhanced thermoelectric properties. Bi2Te3 is one of the best bulk thermoelectric materials and is widely used in commercial thermoelectric devices. Most prior theoretical studies of the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 have involved either continuum models or ab-initio models. Continuum models are computationally very efficient, but do not account for atomic-level effects. Ab-initio models are atomistic by definition, but do not scale well in that computation times increase excessively with increasing numbers of atoms. The present tight-binding model bridges the gap between the well-scalable but non-atomistic continuum models and the atomistic but poorly scalable ab-initio models: The present tight-binding model is atomistic, yet also computationally efficient because of the reduced (relative to an ab-initio model) number of basis orbitals and flexible parameterization of the Hamiltonian.


Cataract surgery with IOL implantation is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in patients over 60 years old in the United States. The light adjustable lens provides a means to precisely and non-invasively adjust IOL power post-operatively after the refractive status of the eye has stabilized.


There has been little study of how to adapt handheld devices for use by people with physical disabilities. We found that the tiny stylus keyboards on PalmOS devices work well for some people with Muscular Dystrophy, who tend to have good accuracy but little strength or range of motion. However, for people with other disabilities, such as Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's Disease and other neuro-muscular disorders, accuracy is a problem. Text entry is also difficult on handhelds for able-bodied users some situations, such as when using small mobile devices while walking or riding. The EdgeWrite text entry technique is a new design which provides better stability of motion due to tracing along physical edges, ease of learning due to the similarity of its letters to Roman characters, and a simple implementation on a wide variety of input devices. Studies suggest that EdgeWrite works well when implemented for use with a stylus on a handheld device, a joystick on a power wheelchair or a videogame controller, and for a touchpad on a desktop computer. Future implementations will explore desktop text entry using a trackball and mobile phone text entry using tactile bumps.


Haptic applications often employ devices with many degrees of freedom in order to allow the user to have natural movement during human-machine interaction. From the development point of view, the complexity in mechanical dynamics imposes a lot of challenges in modelling the behaviour of the device. Traditional system identification methods for nonlinear systems are often computationally expensive. Moreover, current research on using neural network approaches disconnect the physical device dynamics with the identification process. This thesis proposes a different approach to system identification of complex haptic devices when analytical models are formulated. It organizes the unknowns to be identified based on the governing dynamic equations of the device and reduces the cost of computation. All the experimental work is done with the Freedom 6S, a haptic device with input and feedback in positions and velocities for all 6 degrees of freedom . Once a symbolic model is developed, a subset of the overall dynamic equations describing selected joint(s) of the haptic robot can be obtained. The advantage of being able to describe the selected joint(s) is that when other non-selected joints are physically fixed or locked up, it mathematically simplifies the subset dynamic equation. Hence, a reduced set of unknowns (e.g. mass, centroid location, inertia, friction, etc) resulting from the simplified subset equation describes the dynamic of the selected joint(s) at a given mechanical orientation of the robot. By studying the subset equations describing the joints, a locking sequence of joints can be determined to minimize the number of unknowns to be determined at a time. All the unknowns of the system can be systematically determined by locking selected joint(s) of the device following this locking sequence. Two system identification methods are proposed: Method of Isolated Joint and Method of Coupling Joints. Simulation results confirm that the latter approach is able to successfully identify the system unknowns of Freedom 6S. Both open-loop experimental tests and close-loop verification comparison between the measured and simulated results are presented. Once the haptic device is modelled, fuzzy logic is used to address chattering phenomenon common to strong virtual effects. In this work, a virtual wall is used to demonstrate this approach. The fuzzy controller design is discussed and experimental comparison between the performance of using a proportional-derivative gain controller and the designed fuzzy controller is presented. The fuzzy controller is able


The research described in this thesis is aimed at developing novel methods of synthesis for heterocyclic compounds, in particular cyclisation reactions involving the nitro functional group. The first chapter describes investigations into the Wallach imidazole synthesis. A number of chloroimidazoles were prepared, but the possible extension to highly functionalised imidazoles proved elusive. The second chapter describes studies on the successful conversion of nitroimidazolyl malonates 1 into imidazo[4,5-c]isoxazoles 2, Scheme 1. Related cyclisations are described in chapter three and the thiophene fused isoxazole 3 was successfully prepared. [Illustration omitted.] Chapter four investigates the reactivity of the strained imidazo[4,5-c]isoxazole heterocycles. Ring opening of the isoxazole occurred on reaction with phosphines to give iminophosphorane derivatives. Reactions with electron deficient acetylenes led to pyrrolyl imidazoles 4, and a novel [1,4]diazepino[2,3-c]isoxazole 5, Scheme 1, but no reaction was observed with alkenes. [Illustration omitted.] Chapter five entails synthesis of a series of 5-aryl-2H,1H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,2,3]triazole derivatives 7. Triethyl N-1-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl phosphoramidate compound 6 was treated with a range of aryl isocyanates which gave imidazo[4,5-c]triazoles 7 in moderate to good yields. A mechanism involving carbodiimide formation was postulated and was supported using infra-red spectroscopy, Scheme 2. [Illustration omitted.] Chapter six reports a new synthesis of 5-aryl-2H indazole derivatives 9 by base catalysed reaction of 2-nitrobenzyl triphenylphosphonium bromide salts 8 with a range of aryl isocyanates. A mechanism of this reaction was proposed and investigated by infra-red spectroscopy, Scheme 3. [Illustration omitted.]


In the literature about web survey methodology, significant efforts have been made to understand the role of time-invariant factors (e.g. gender, education and marital status) in (non-)response mechanisms. Time-invariant factors alone, however, cannot account for most variations in (non-)responses, especially fluctuations of response rates over time. This observation inspires us to investigate the counterpart of time-invariant factors, namely time-varying factors and the potential role they play in web survey (non-)response. Specifically, we study the effects of time, weather and societal trends (derived from Google Trends data) on the daily (non-)response patterns of the 2016 and 2017 Dutch Health Surveys. Using discrete-time survival analysis, we find, among others, that weekends, holidays, pleasant weather, disease outbreaks and terrorism salience are associated with fewer responses. Furthermore, we show that using these variables alone achieves satisfactory prediction accuracy of both daily and cumulative response rates when the trained model is applied to future unseen data. This approach has the further benefit of requiring only non-personal contextual information and thus involving no privacy issues. We discuss the implications of the study for survey research and data collection.


Introduction The purpose of this essay is to investigate the effect that public "schooling" has on the "education" of African Americans, and to argue for the implementation of African-centered curriculum and instruction for African American students. This investigation will begin by examining culturally deprived educations offered to African American students in public schools, and how this education, or lack thereof, has served to perpetuate the oppression of this population of students. According to Michael Porter (1997, p. iv), America's educational system promotes a "system-maintaining curriculum, which virtually guarantees the oppressed remain oppressed and the oppressors remain oppressors." The oppressors that Porter speaks of in this context are elite Whites who all but dictate public education in this country, and among the oppressed are African American students who are subjected to such a dictatorship. Additionally, an analysis of the melting-pot theory will be conducted to determine how a mono-cultural theory has contributed to the proliferation and maintenance of racism and oppression of African American students in contemporary public education. Secondly, in establishing the case for the employment of African-centered curriculum and instruction for educating African American students, this work will lay out a theory of social justice (equal educational opportunity) appropriate to modern public educational practices used with African American students. We rely heavily on the work of Kenneth Howe and Amy Gutmann whose theories critique the current social order and suggest ways to promote social justice in education for all of America's children. In particular, their call for a strong form of participation will serve as the impetus behind the justification for an African-centered education for African American students. Third and finally, this paper will examine the theory of African-centered education as a plausible and necessary solution to combat the existing miseducation of African American students. Here, the concept of African-centered education will be explained to provide the reader with insights into the tenets of what to many may seem a controversial approach to educating African American children. OPPRESSION AND "MELTING POT" THEORIES First and foremost, we hope to diminish oppression in public education. The term "oppression" has been used to describe the education of African American students in the public sector. We borrow Iris Marion Young's (1990) five forms of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. According to Kenneth Howe (1997, p. 70): Exploitation, marginalization, and powerlessness are forms of oppression associated with different effects of the economic system; cultural imperialism is a form of oppression associated with the imposition of the cultural meanings of the dominant group on all groups; and violence is a form of oppression associated with the attitudes and practices that cultural imperialism sanctions. This essay will examine two ways in which the American public education system functions as an oppressor of African American students: promoting assimilation and melting-pot values (cultural imperialism) and the annihilation of social justice by providing students with unequal educational opportunities, especially unequal educational outcomes (marginalization and powerlessness). Cultural imperialism is used in the education of African Americans students as a form of oppression to perpetuate cultural assimilation and authority. The melting-pot theory posited by proponents like Hirsch, Schlesinger, and Ravitch encourages the assimilation of "minority" groups into the majority or dominant group and is antithetical to an African-centered approach. For instance, Arthur Schlesinger charges that African-centered education is un-American and promotes the teaching of inaccurate history and distorted facts from a different cultural viewpoint (Kenyatta, 1998, p. …


Aesthetic dermatology is becoming a vital and popular branch of medicine. This article aims to guide dermatologists to set up a professional and ethical aesthetic practice. Dermatologists should have an integrated practice of clinical dermatology, dermatosurgery and cosmetic dermatology. Ethical practice is the gold standard for any medical field, especially with dermatologists, who should avoid doing unnecessary procedures. Proper patient counselling and addressing the patients' concerns is imperative.


Abstract In recent years, Canadian schools have developed new policies and practices in their approaches to both diversity policy and curriculum development. Public schools once intended to homogenize a diverse population have been transformed to institutions designed to foster tolerance and respect for diversity. Curricula previously organized around subject content are now framed as standards for student achievement. This article traces the development of contemporary curriculum standards with regard to diversity and examines those standards in the context of a study of grade 7 students' understanding of diversity in New Brunswick. It presents evidence to suggest students are falling far short of expectations outlined in standards documents. While the sparse and fragmentary nature of student understanding should be of concern, this article also identifies key areas of concern about the development and implementation of the standards themselves. We argue that expecting teachers to teach toward, and students to attain, the standards might be unreasonable in light of these concerns.


An introductory guide to utilizing F# for quantitative finance leveraging the .NET platform Overview Learn functional programming with an easy-to-follow combination of theory and tutorials Build a complete automated trading system with the help of code snippets Use F# Interactive to perform exploratory development Leverage the .NET platform and other existing tools from Microsoft using F# In Detail F# is a functional programming language that allows you to write simple code for complex problems. Currently, it is most commonly used in the financial sector. Quantitative finance makes heavy use of mathematics to model various parts of finance in the real world. If you are interested in using F# for your day-to-day work or research in quantitative finance, this book is a must-have.This book will cover everything you need to know about using functional programming for quantitative finance. Using a functional programming language will enable you to concentrate more on the problem itself rather than implementation details. Tutorials and snippets are summarized into an automated trading system throughout the book.This book will introduce you to F#, using Visual Studio, and provide examples with functional programming and finance combined. The book also covers topics such as downloading, visualizing and calculating statistics from data. F# is a first class programming language for the financial domain. What you will learn from this book Use Visual Studio as your main tool for writing F# Utilize F# to aggregate data and calculate statistics Plot and visualize data in F# Learn about volatility, delta hedging, and volatility arbitrage Understand basic numerical analysis and algorithm implementation Model orders and market data together with basic pre-trade risk Structure and write object-oriented code Develop larger programs using F# Explore automated trading systems and quantitative trading models Approach The approach is to guide you as a reader from the basics of functional programming and F# to more complex tasks using tutorials and a lot of code examples. As you gain more confidence through out the book, you will be able to modify and write your own code to solve various problems in finance. Who this book is written for If you are a practitioner of quantitative finance, economics, or mathematics and wish to learn F#, then this book is for you. You may have a basic conceptual understanding of financial concepts and models, but no previous knowledge is expected.


The first Workshop on Large Scale Computations on Grids (LaSCoG'05) took place in Poznan, Poland, in conjunction with Sixth International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics (PPAM 2005). It was devoted to various aspects of developing, analyzing and executing large-scale applications on computational grids including large-scale algorithms, symbolic and numeric computations, data models for large-scale applications, science portals, data visualization, performance analysis, evaluation and prediction. The LaSCoG'05 Organizing Committee received nine submissions and after refereeing six of them were accepted for presentation during the Workshop and published in the Proceedings of PPAM 2005 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 3911). However, these papers were limited to eight pages, thus we decided to publish extended versions of the contributions. Finally, four papers were selected for publication in this special issue of the journal Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience: A Web Computing Environment for Parallel Algorithms in Java, by O. Bonorden, J. Gehweiler and F. Meyer auf der Heide; Mathematical Service Discovery: Architecture, Implementation and Performance, by S. A. Ludwig, O. F. Rana, W. Naylor and J. Padget; Benchmarking of a Joint IRISGrid/EGEE Testbed with a Bioinformatics Application, by J. Herrera, E. Huedo, R. S. Montero and I. M. Llorente; Heuristic Load Balancing for CFD Codes Executed in Heterogeneous Computing Environments, by D. Petcu, D. Vizman and M. Paprzycki. Sometimes one can hear (or read) that grid computing is not enough of a scientific discipline and practical developments should be widely supported by more theoretical research. The extended versions of the LaSCoG papers selected for publications in this special issue can be considered as fine examples of such theoretical studies. The authors applied some formal methods as research techniques and obtained very interesting results from both practical and theoretical point of view. PrzemysA'aw StpiczyA"ski Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Poland


In this thesis, I argue that socialist realism is by nature more political than literary; in the domain of politics, it is more nationalistic than socialistic; and in the domain of literature, it is more neo-classical or romantic than realist. Over many decades, writers were advised to represent reality as it ought to be; and in many cases, in so doing, they had to sacrifice not only the truth but also their intellectual and artistic status: their writing did not reflect what they really believed, felt or thought. As a result, ideologically, socialist realism became doctrinaire-ism, and artistically, it became an illustration of the Communist Party's policies. While other 'isms' in Western literature such as realism, romanticism and symbolism took at least half a century to take hold in Vietnam, socialist realism did so with record speed - in just one year. Promulgated at the first Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934, the doctrine of socialist realism was appearing in Vietnamese newspapers just one year later. However, it had been imported by revolutionaries whose interest was mainly political, not literary: in their view, socialist realism was the best way to transform literature into a political weapon. For writers who had not divorced themselves from the Confucian aesthetics, which placed its particular emphasis on the social and educational function of literature, socialist realism became more acceptable because of the development of nationalism, especially during the Second World War, when Vietnam was dominated simultaneously by two empires: France and Japan. Despite having been imported from France, the socialist realism which was officially adopted in Vietnam was mainly that interpreted by China's Maoists. The profound impact of Mao Zedong's theory of socialist realism in Vietnamese literary thought and activity after the August 1945 Revolution can be explained by several factors, geographical, political and cultural. But it is here argued the most important factor was probably the war. Over three decades, from 1945 to 1975, Vietnam was continually at war, first with the French and later with the Americans. It can be argued that it is the very culture of war that helped to create the type of intellectual and emotional environment necessary for the easy reception of Maoism, an ideology which was originally born in wartime and aimed to serve the war. It can also be argued that, together with Maoism, the war culture itself became one of the crucial factors in shaping socialist realism in the anti-French resistance areas during 1945-54 and in North Vietnam during 1954-1975. The dominance of Maoism and the culture of war transformed socialist realism into something like a para-religion in which the leaders of the Party all became theorists of literature. These people had neither the time nor the knowledge to discuss issues of literature in depth; and consequently, the so-called canonical texts of Vietnamese socialist realism consisted only of several simple pronouncements on literature by the leaders in various forms, including letters, speeches and resolutions. As a result, Vietnamese socialist realism became a dogmatism and, in Vietnamese writers' words, a 'doctrinaire realism'. This 'doctrinaire realism', which was consolidated during the wars against the French and the Americans, was strongly challenged in peacetime - after the 1954 Geneva Agreements and after the 1975 victory by the two best known dissident movements: the Nhan Van - Giai Pham affair and the perestroika-styled doi moi campaign. Both were finally suppressed by the government; but while the former movement was harshly penalized, the latter is still fortunate to be witnessing the death of socialist realism. Although Vietnam is still a one-party ruled state, and the Vietnamese government still holds a monopoly on publishing, forbidding independent presses and journals, and trying to keep its strict control over literary life, socialist realism, both as a doctrine and as a movement, has died. This death resulted not from the activities of the dissidents but from two non-literary elements: globalization and the market-oriented economy which has been adopted by the Vietnamese Communist Party and government since the late 1980s. Now that publishers earned money solely from the number of books sold or in circulation and writers lived solely by their royalties, literary consumers played a decisive role in literary life, and writers were able to make easy contact with the world, the partiinost principle became nonsense and as a result socialist realism became a thing of the past. In short, socialist realism was born of communism, nurtured by nationalism, developed at war, challenged in peacetime, and killed by the force of a free economy and globalization.


Sperm chemotaxis may facilitate the finding of the oocyte. Only capacitated spermatozoa can orient their movement by chemotaxis, which as well as capacitation, is regulated in part by the cAMP-PKA pathway. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during sperm capacitation which is closely related to chemotaxis. Then, the ROS participation in the chemotactic signaling can be expected. Here we studied the role of ROS in the chemotaxis signaling of equine spermatozoa which produce high quantities of ROS because of their energy metabolism. The level of capacitated and chemotactic spermatozoa was increased with 0.1 and 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was involved in the chemotactic signaling. By combining a concentration gradient of H2O2 with inhibitors/chelators of some of the signaling pathway elements, we showed that the activation of NOX (membrane NADPH oxidase) increases the intracellular ROS which activate the chemotaxis AMPc-PKA pathway. Our results provide evidence about the participation of ROS in the chemotactic signaling mediated by progesterone (P).


Densities of bacterial indicators of marine faecal pollution were compared, in coastal areas affected by sewage and river discharges, with Salmonella spp. t-tests comparing numbers of TC, FC and FS in samples positive and negative for Salmonella showed a good association between TC and FC ( p significant at 0.006 and 0.034 respectively) and the pathogen. The levels of all three indicators in the guide standards of the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive predict absence of Salmonella . The Imperative standards of the directive do not. The conclusion is reached that if sewage works discharges into the watercourse effluent with low indicator counts the risk of Salmonella in the water will be minimal.


Professor Jane Rendell is Director of Architectural Research at the Bartlett, UCL. An architectural designer and historian, art critic and writer, her work has explored various interdisciplinary intersections: feminist theory and architectural history, ne art and architectural design, autobiographical writing and criticism. She is author of Site-Writing: The Architecture of Art Criticism (2010), Art and Architecture (2006), The Pursuit of Pleasure (2002) and co-editor of Pattern (2007), Critical Architecture (2007), Spatial Imagination (2005), The Unknown City (2001), Intersections (2000), Gender Space Architecture (1999) and Strangely Familiar (1995). Her talks and texts have been commissioned by artists such as Daniel Arsham and Bik Van Der Pol, and galleries, as the Baltic, the Hayward, Kunstmuseum Thon, the Serpentine, the Tate and the Whitechapel. She is on the Editorial Board for ARQ (Architectural Research Quarterly), Haecceity, The Happy Hypocrite, The Issues and the Journal of Visual Culture in Britain.


The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) is a global federation of national associations of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. The FIP's mission is to improve global health by advancing pharmacy practice and science to enable better discovery, development, access to and safe use of cost-effective, quality medicines worldwide. The FIP consists of two boards: the Board of Pharmaceutical Sciences (BPS), which represents pharmaceutical scientists; and the Board of Pharmacy Practice (BPP), which acts for pharmacists.