A growing number of senior executives are coming to realize that strategic supply management can be a significant driver of improved corporate performance and better risk management. Spend analysis is the most critical component, and the starting point, of strategic supply management and is essential to achieving world-class performance. If you cannot analyze your spend data, many opportunities for improvement beyond the low hanging fruit are without doubt being missed. One of the foundation blocks for transforming an organizations practices to world-class supply management is the business process called strategic sourcing. And one of the requirements for enabling world-class strategic sourcing results is rigorous spend analysis. There is a lot of confusion on what constitutes spend analysis and what benefits can it provide. Spend analysis can help improve several areas: the identification of cost reduction opportunities, the prioritization of sourcing projects, the negotiated results, and the tracking and monitoring to ensure that negotiated results reach the bottom-line. It can also play an important role in improving compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley. However, implementations are complex and involve many departments within an organization. If the implementations are done correctly, they can yield high ROI. If not, they can consume money and deliver no returns due to lack of adoption. Spend Analysis: The Window into Strategic Sourcing is the definitive text on this important subject, written by leaders in the field. It is currently the only reference that provides in-depth guidance on what spend analysis really is, what it specifically involves, and how to use it in your journey to world-class performance. It provides both an executive overview and technical details for practitioners. Readers do not need specialized knowledge in database systems, information technology or any other field to gain insights from reading this book. It is a must read for procurement, supply chain management, operations, and finance executives, and for practitioners and consultants. Key Features: -Offers guidelines and examples for building a business case for spend analysis and enumerates the important factors that ensure a successful implementation -Includes case studies and various examples of savings opportunities revealed by spend analysis -Provides information on transaction data and source systems used in spend analysis and explores various components of spend analysis application in detail -Compares commonly used Industry Standard Commodity Taxonomies which play an important role not just in spend analysis but across the entire ERP footprint -Presents advanced concepts in spend analysis such as how it can be used in combination with other applications and how it can drive better compliance


This paper reviews economic evaluations of motorcycle helmet interventions in preventing injuries. A comprehensive literature review focusing on the e fectiveness of motorcycle helmet use, and on mandatory helmet laws and their enforcement was done. When helmet laws were lifted between 1976-80, 48 states within the USA experienced a cost of $342,047 per excess fatality of annual net savings. Helmet laws in the USA had a benefit-cost ratio of 1.33 to 5.07. Taiwan witnessed a 14% decline in motorcycle fatalities and a 22% reduction of head injury fatalities with the introduction of a helmet law. In Thailand, where 70-90% of all crashes involve motorcycle, after enforcement of a helmet law, helmet-use increased five-fold, the number of injured motorcyclists decreased by 33.5%, head injuries decreased by 41.4%, and deaths decreased by 20.8%. There is considerable evidence that mandatory helmet laws with enforcement alleviate the burden of tra fic injuries greatly. For low and middle-income countries with high rates of motorcycle injuries, enforced, mandatory motorcycle helmet laws are potentially one of the most cost-e fective interventions available. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 16—22.


What makes someone covet a Kelly bag? Why are Cirque Du Soleil or Grey Goose so successful despite breaking all the conventions of their categories? What does Gucci's approach to marketing have in common with Nespresso's? And why do some people pay a relative fortune for Renova toilet paper or Aesop detergent even though they hardly ever 'advertise' and seem to have none of the 'functional performance advantages' conventional marketers would seek to demonstrate? Prestige brand experts JP Kuehlwein and Wolfgang Schaefer have dedicated themselves to studying what drives the success of prestige brands. Rethinking Prestige Branding collects their insights. Uncovering the secrets of why and how some brands are created more equal than others, Rethinking Prestige Branding includes over 100 case studies from Apple and Abercrombie & Fitch to Tate Modern and Tesla. Rather than re-telling brand success stories or re-hashing long-standing marketing principles, it takes readers on a colourful journey behind the scenes of today's marketing pros. This book will fascinate the marketing professional just as much as those who are simply curious as to how premium brands tick.


Plasmids of the pT181 family replicate by a rolling-circle mechanism. The process is initiated by a plasmid-encoded Rep initiator protein, which has sequence-specific DNA nicking and religation activity. The plasmid replication origin is nicked by Rep, which binds covalently to one DNA strand via an active site tyrosine, initiating rolling circle replication and religating the strand at the end of the cycle. Rep proteins also associate with PcrA helicase to form a highly processive complex. We have determined the structure of the Rep protein from cryptic plasmid pSTK1 of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gst), and several variants of RepD from Staphylococcus aureus (Sau), representing the first structural information on this class of initiators. Cloning and expression of the designated 269 aa Rep product from pSTK1 failed to yield soluble, active protein. However, expression from an arbitrary point upstream yielded an elongated product capable of relaxing plasmid substrates encoding an inverted repeat sequence from pSTK1 which resembles the replication origin of the pT181 family. Both this product and a 31 kDa proteolytically derived fragment omitting the C-terminus additionally display activation of the cognate Gst PcrA helicase, but not that of S. aureus. The crystal structure of the 31 kDa fragment of Gst Rep has been solved at 2.3 Å resolution, showing an unusual ring-shaped dimer with a 20 Å diameter pore. The inner surface of the ring is largely formed by an 18-stranded β-sheet, while the outer surface is decorated with 18 α-helices. The protein represents a novel fold; however, the extended sheet does exhibit some similarities to those observed in both TATA-binding protein and transcription factor IID. The active site Tyr179 residues, one from each subunit, lie 26 Å apart across the pore, with a nearby catalytic magnesium ion coordinated by three carboxylate side-chains. Crystal structures for the Sau Rep variants termed RepDE, RepDN and RepDC have been solved by molecular repacement using the Gst Rep as a model, and show similar structural features. The implications for the mechanism of rolling circle replication will be discussed in the light of extensive functional data available for Sau RepD.


In the two years since United States v. Booker, the circuits have divided over how to use the Federal Criminal Sentencing Guidelines when reviewing sentences imposed by district courts. Seven circuits have held that a sentence within the Guidelines range is entitled to a presumption of reasonableness on appeal; five have held that it is not. Although the Supreme Court's recent holding in Rita v. United States allows the courts of appeals to adopt a presumption of reasonableness for within-Guidelines sentences, it does not require them to, and so the circuit split remains. Using this circuit split as a natural experiment, we undertake what we believe to be the first statistically robust analysis of the effect of a presumption of reasonableness on sentences imposed at the federal district court level. Specifically, using 145,047 individual-level observations recorded by the United States Sentencing Commission (comprising all recorded federal sentences in all twelve circuits for a one-year period beginning in November 2004 and ending in October 2006), we perform a multivariate regression analysis to determine how a circuit's adoption or rejection of a presumption of reasonableness for within-Guidelines sentences affects the frequency with which district courts impose below-Guidelines sentences. We find that a circuit's adoption of a presumption of reasonableness decreases the frequency of below-Guidelines sentences by less than one percent, although this result is statistically significant. Our results do not, however, robustly support the inverse hypothesis that a circuit's rejection of a presumption of reasonableness increases the frequency of below-Guidelines sentences. The effect of such a rejection is insignificant when we control for circuit-specific fixed effects, and appears to be driven almost entirely by the particular behavior of the Second Circuit. Finally, we are similarly unable to find robust empirical support for the hypothesis that intercircuit differences in sentencing after Booker can be explained simply by a circuit's underlying characteristics.


We investigate the impact of preference shocks on the aggregate dynamics of the U.S. economy in the context of a neoclassical growth model derived from aggrega- tion. The aggregation result we use is as follows: if markets are complete and if agents have identical preferences of the addilog type, then the heterogeneous-agent economy where agents are subject to idiosyncratic productivity shocks behaves as if there was a representative consumer who faces shocks to preferences and technology. We estimate the parameters in the aggregation-based model from the aggregate time-series data and compute the numerical solution. We find that the preference shocks play an important role in the aggregate labour-market fluctuations. JEL classification: C73, D90, E21


Although the implementation of ISO 9001 standard seeking to create a quality management system in education sector is as much criticised as promoted, data of ISO reports show the increase in the number of ISO certified educational institutions. This article provides an analysis of experiences of higher education institutions in implementing ISO 9001 standard. Reasons for the implementation of the standard, the most common issues co-occurring during the implementation process as well as the benefits of a standardised quality management system are identified and analysed in the article. Research results show that: (1) higher education institutions often implement ISO 9001 standard in order to improve internal institutional processes and procedures and because it is conceived as a competitive tool in the market, (2) benefits of a standardised quality management system are most commonly related to changes in internal administrative processes and procedures of the institution, (3) obstacles to implementing ISO 9001 are mostly related to internal institutional issues.


Current face recognition systems achieve high performance on several benchmark tests. Despite this progress, recent works showed that these systems are strongly biased against demographic sub-groups. Previous works introduced approaches that aim at learning less biased representations. However, applying these approaches in real applications requires a complete replacement of the templates in the database. This replacement procedure further requires that a face image of each enrolled individual is stored as well. In this work, we propose the first bias-mitigating solution that works on the comparison-level of a biometric system. We propose a fairness- driven neural network classifier for the comparison of two biometric templates to replace the systems similarity function. This fair classifier is trained with a novel penalization term in the loss function to introduce the criteria of group and individual fairness to the decision process. This penalization term forces the score distributions of different ethnicities to be similar, leading to a reduction of the intra-ethnic performance differences. Experiments were conducted on two publicly available datasets and evaluated the performance of four different ethnicities. The results showed that for both fairness criteria, our proposed approach is able to significantly reduce the ethnic bias, while it preserves a high recognition ability. Our model, build on individual fairness, achieves bias reduction rate between 15.35% and 52.67%. In contrast to previous work, our solution is easy to integrate into existing systems by simply replacing the systems similarity functions with our fair template comparison approach.


We use dynamic panel data regressions to investigate whether the strength of a country's patent protection for pharmaceuticals is associated with more pharmaceutical patenting by its residents and corporations in the United States. Using the Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Protection (PIPP) Index to measure patent strength, we run dynamic probit and Poisson regressions on panels from 25 developing and 41 developed countries over the 1970-2004 period. Results vary, depending on whether we examine partial effects at the mean or average partial effects for the PIPP Index. APEs for the PIPP Index are positive but statistically insignificant in both developed and developing country samples.


Denitrification experiments have provided data showing the pitfalls and successes in developing a sustainable injection/extraction system in a sand and gravel aquifer. Experiments increase in complexity from continuous injection at one well to automated-pulsed eight well injections. In both continuous and pulsed injection of organic carbon, 40 mg NO3-N l−1 was reduced below the detection limit of < 0.1 mg NO3-N l−1 in the denitrification zones. Under continuous injection, accumulation of bacterial exudates in the vicinity of the injection well resulted in injection well clogging within ten days. Periodic cleaning of the injection well and the adjacent gravel matrix was accomplished by using a tool developed to circulate a cleaning solution composed of 5 percent H2O2 and 0.02 percent NaOCl; but, biofouling could not be eliminated. In the later experiments, acetate became the carbon amendment because ethanol promoted more biomass development. A specialized pulse injection procedure was developed to separate nitrate from acetate-C and was successful in alleviating the proliferation of bacterial exudates without affecting the performance of the denitrification system. Using pulsed injection, a maximum of 72 percent nitrate reduction was accomplished in the extraction well water, and denitrification was sustained for three months without clogging. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Large-scale Complex Critical Infrastructures (LCCIs), such as power grids and transport infrastructures ( e.g. , network of airports and seaports), play a key role into several fundamental human activities, and represent the next generation of Monitor and Control Systems. They make extensive usage of Information and Communications Technology ( e.g. , computing systems, communication networks, and sensing hardware) for providing support for advanced monitoring and control facilities. However, solutions currently adopted in the field exhibit several inefficiencies when applied to LCCI. On the contrary, Distributed Event Based Systems (DEBS) seam promising solutions due to their intrinsic decoupling properties that enforce strong scalability degrees. However, they also present some open issues when dealing with the challenges imposed by LCCIs. This paper provides an introduction on LCCIs, a presentation of their challenges, and an analysis on the adoption of DEBS for LCCIs.


The development of an experimental environment with interactive features, suitable both for the reinforcement of undergraduate level teaching of control theory and also for graduate-level research work in the field of intelligent control is described. The students are prepared for the experiment by an interactive session on the Internet before coming into the laboratory. The hardware and the software components of the experiment are integrated to achieve maximum effectiveness in teaching advanced control concepts, such as fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy control. The environment is also suitable for masters-level research work.


Despite the role entrepreneurs play in the development of any economy, there seems to exist a dearth of empirical knowledge on what constrains entrepreneurs in taking effective entrepreneurial and investment decisions in Southeast Nigeria. A combination of purposive and multistage sampling techniques was employed in the selection of 360 agribusiness investors in the study area. Data were collected primarily using structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the analysis showed that lack of start-up capital, lack of market information, crime, theft and social disorder, corruption and bad legal system, poor infrastructural facilities, multiple taxation, tedious registration and licensing procedure, and poor access to formal credit facilities were the main constraints to entrepreneurship and investment decisions by agribusiness entrepreneurs in South-East, Nigeria. The result further showed that starting enterprises without proper feasibility, high taxation, inadequate supply of power, inconsistency in government policy, inability to withstand competition, management inexperience, poor knowledge in the line of business, and joint ownership of enterprises were the major causes of enterprise failure in Southeast Nigeria. However, despite the varying constraints to entrepreneurship and investment decision in the area, agribusiness ventures in the area performed at levels acceptable to the entrepreneurs. Based on these findings, formulation and implementation of policies targeted at removal of the identified constraints were recommended. Such policies should include improvement on access to credit for agribusiness entrepreneurs, even when they may not possess prime assets that are currently being accepted by financial institutions as collateral, and making agribusiness investors to always carryout a thorough market research and feasibility to ensure that there is adequate demand for the products or services being offered.


Deference and dissent strike a delicate balance in any polity. Insufficient deference to authority may incapacitate government, whereas too much may allow leaders to orchestrate mass violence. Although cross-national and cross-temporal variation in deference to authority and willingness to express dissent has long been studied in political science, rarely have scholars studied programs designed to change these aspects of political culture. This study, situated in post-genocide Rwanda, reports a qualitative and quantitative assessment of one such attempt, a radio program aimed at discouraging blind obedience and reliance on direction from authorities and promoting independent thought and collective action in problem solving. Over the course of one year, this radio program or a comparable program dealing with HIV was randomly presented to pairs of communities, including communities of genocide survivors, Twa people, and imprisoned génocidaires. Changes in individual attitudes, perceived community norms, and deliberative behaviors were assessed using closed-ended interviews, focus group discussions, role-play exercises, and unobtrusive measures of collective decision making. Although the radio program had little effect on many kinds of beliefs and attitudes, it had a substantial impact on listeners' willingness to express dissent and the ways they resolved communal problems.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a training package which was delivered to improve staff members' knowledge and confidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID).

Design/methodology/approach
The training was facilitated in a locked rehabilitation unit for adult males, many of whom had diagnoses of ASD and/or ID. With all staff receiving an invite, 25 attended which was the majority of the staff team. This included staff from housekeeping, nursing and catering.

Findings
To evaluate the effectiveness of the training, a survey and short assessment was administered before and after training. This revealed an improvement in both perceived knowledge and confidence of ASD and ID, as well as actual knowledge. Follow-up interviews also revealed some evidence of sustained learning and practice changes.

Research limitations/implications
Based on these findings, it is recommended that further face-to-face training is delivered at this locked rehabilitation unit to further improve professional practice.

Originality/value
This paper provides value to other inpatient settings as it highlights to practitioners how face-to-face training can significantly improve staff members knowledge and confidence of developmental disorders.


The aim of this paper is to present an up to date review of the status of the European DIPOle (EDIPO) project - whose objective is to build a new facility to perform both DC and AC tests of large force flow superconductor samples in high magnetic background field (up to ~12.5 T) - as well as an outlook on the final commissioning of the magnet in CRPP-PSI foreseen for 2012. Concerning the actual status, the results presented focus on the recent steps carried out in the manufacturing of the magnet assembly, in particular the cold mass assembly, its impregnation and the final acceptance tests. Moreover, results are reported regarding the identification and repair of an inter-turn short carried out on EDIPO Pole 1 in the second half of 2010. As far as the commissioning of EDIPO is concerned, an up-to-date report is provided on the preparation of the facility at CRPP (e.g. mechanical structures, high temperature current leads, quench detection, control system, etc.) as well as its acceptance and final commissioning (e.g. magnet reception tests, commissioning program, etc.).


[125I]-Labelled iodomelatonin binding to brain membrane preparations was examined in adults of 4 species of salmonid fishes; 3 species were of cultured stock (Arctic charr, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout) and 1 was taken from the wild (coho salmon). The specific binding of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin to the brain membrane preparations collected from all 4 species was specific, stable, saturable, reversible and of high affinity. Competitive inhibition studies showed that only melatonin, 2-iodomelatonin, 6-chloromelatonin and N-acetylserotonin showed significant inhibition of radioligand binding. In the 4 species studied, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) ranged from 9.3 +/- 0.2 pmol/l in coho salmon to 13.2 +/- 0.7 pmol/l in rainbow trout, and those in rainbow trout were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the others. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of the Atlantic salmon preparations (14.3 +/- 0.7 fmol/mg protein) was significantly higher than those of the other 3 species (means ranging from 9.9 to 11.6 fmol/mg protein). Hill coefficients of all 4 species were close to unity indicating one class of binding site. The interspecies differences in Kd and Bmax could not be correlated with phylogeny or life history of the various species. For the three cultured species, samples were collected at both mid-dark and mid-light to examine for diurnal variations; none were found.


The printed book is one of life's most frequently encountered technologies. Historian Nicole Howard provides a comprehensive survey of the evolution of this technology, tracing its development across many centuries and cultures. No other technology in human history, declares Howard, has had the impact of this invention. By examining the book as a technology, Howard reveals how profoundly information and media have shaped history and how vital the technology of the book has been to cultural and intellectual change. This engaging study extends from clay tablets and rolls of papyrus to bound folio sheets, from inks and scripts to lead type and printing presses, from the Linotype machine to the laptop. Cross-cultural in scope, it examines innovations in the production and manufacture of books from the Middle and Far East, Europe, and the Americas. Howard recounts printing techniques from Gutenberg's first press to 21st-century electronic publishing. Howard's broad overview and accessible writing style make this book ideal for students and bibliophiles alike. The volume includes a glossary of terms, a timeline of important events, and a selected bibliography of useful resources for further information.


A conceptual parallel is created between studies in anthropology and natural science. A space occupied by "the conceptualization" is argued to not only parallel symbolically the scientifically conceived value of volume as space, but to have an equal meaning- the spaces of the conceptual ordering of nature as manifestations of energy are held to be paralleling manifestations of the same energies that mold the environment. A growing historical asceticism attributed to the individual in struggles with nature and himself becomes destructive universally as the consequence of scientific activities that are focused from raw curiosities that are distant from real symbolic meaning.


The human eye has ethnic difference, the existing typical eye models are based on western eyes. A generic eye model based on Chinese population is presented for the first time. The statistical analyzed ocular parameters based on measured data are used for the initial generic eye model, and the wavefront aberration data obtained at two different pupil diameters are used for reproduction by optimizing the initial generic eye model. The differences and similarities between Chinese generic eye model and western eye models are given. The Chinese generic eye model provides a suitable model for the related further researches and applications on Chinese eye.


The rare‐earth elements (lanthanides) have become vital components in many areas of modern day life and fulfil an unparalleled role in many advanced 'green‐technologies' ranging from powerful magnets in wind turbines to energy efficient fluorescent lighting. Equally, the actinide element uranium is an extremely powerful commodity in nuclear power generation in low carbon energy production. The essential role of these elements in these technologies has resulted in an unprecedented increase in demand and price of raw material resources. However, all the f‐block elements are finite resources and concerns over exhaustion of raw materials, security of supply, the supply chain and in the case of the actinides, the build up of long‐lived radioactive wastes are now of immense global concern. Focus has recently turned to post consumer recovery and recycling strategies in order to address these issues and to circumvent the pressing matter of supply vulnerability by closing the mining/manufacturing processes and the nuclear fuel cycle. This chapter describes the many modern commercial uses of the f‐elements and outlines current and future recovery/recycling options in line with the transition to a more sustainable energy conscious society.


(1) During the upwelling season in central California, northwesterly winds along the coast produce a strong upwelling jet that originates at Point Ano Nuevo and flows southward across the mouth of Monterey Bay. A convergent front with a mean temperature change of 3.77 ± 0.29C develops between the warm interior waters and the cold offshore upwelling jet. To examine the forcing mechanisms driving the location and movement of the upwelling shadow front and its effects on biological communities in northern Monterey Bay, oceanographic conditions were monitored using cross-shelf mooring arrays, drifters, and hydrographic surveys along a 20 km stretch of coast extending northwestward from Santa Cruz, California, during the upwelling season of 2007 (May-September). The alongshore location of the upwelling shadow front at the northern edge of the bay was driven by: regional wind forcing, through an alongshore pressure gradient; buoyancy forces due to the temperature change across the front; and local wind forcing (the diurnal sea breeze). The upwelling shadow front behaved as a surface-trapped buoyant current, which is superimposed on a poleward barotropic current, moving up and down the coast up to several kilometers each day. We surmise that the front is advected poleward by a preexisting northward barotropic current of 0.10 m s � 1 that arises due to an alongshore pressure gradient caused by focused upwelling at Point Ano Nuevo. The frontal circulation (onshore surface currents) breaks the typical two-dimensional wind-driven, cross-shelf circulation (offshore surface currents) and introduces another way for water, and the material it contains (e.g., pollutants, larvae), to go across the shelf toward shore.


This study assesses the alternate-form reliability of the Body Type Dictionary (BTD) for measuring body boundary imagery and primordial thought language in interview-based and web-based Rorschach responses. The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated fair to good agreement for barrier imagery, .72, and penetration imagery, .55, which indicates that the web-based administration of the Rorschach inkblot test represents an acceptable alternative to the traditional Rorschach interview assessment for measuring body boundary imagery. Primordial thought language had a fair level of agreement, .43, whereas conceptual thought language had poor agreement, .36. The results are discussed by relating empirical research outlining the mode-specific implications of psychometric test administration to the Rorschach inkblot test and its implications for body boundary awareness and regressive cognitive functioning, as well as by outlining the methodological and clinical limitations of web-based Rorschach application that could be addressed in future research.


Rapid magnetic upflows in the quiet-Sun photosphere were recently uncovered from both Sunrise/IMaX and Hinode/SOT observations. Here, we study magnetic upflow events (MUEs) from high-quality, high- (spatial, temporal, and spectral) resolution, and full Stokes observations in four photospheric magnetically sensitive Fe i lines centered at 5250.21, 6173.34, 6301.51, and 6302.50 Å acquired with the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST)/CRISP. We detect MUEs by subtracting in-line Stokes V signals from those in the far blue wing whose signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ≥ 7 ?> . We find a larger number of MUEs at any given time ( 2.0 × 10 − 2 ?> arcsec−2), larger by one to two orders of magnitude, than previously reported. The MUEs appear to fall into four classes presenting different shapes of Stokes V profiles with (I) asymmetric double lobes, (II) single lobes, (III) double-humped (two same-polarity lobes), and (IV) three lobes (an extra blueshifted bump in addition to double lobes), of which less than half are single-lobed. We also find that MUEs are almost equally distributed in network and internetwork areas and they appear in the interior or at the edge of granules in both regions. Distributions of physical properties, except for horizontal velocity, of the MUEs (namely, Stokes V signal, size, line-of-sight velocity, and lifetime) are almost identical for the different spectral lines in our data. A bisector analysis of our spectrally resolved observations shows that these events host modest upflows and do not show a direct indication of the presence of supersonic upflows reported earlier. Our findings reveal that the numbers, types (classes), and properties determined for MUEs can strongly depend on the detection techniques used and the properties of the employed data, namely, S/Ns, resolutions, and wavelengths.


The types of contracts that arise in a typical vertical manufacturer–retailer relationship are more sophisticated than usually assumed in standard macroeconomic models. In addition to setting per-unit prices, manufacturers and retailers revert to non-linear pricing and non-price instruments. These instruments or contracts are referred to as vertical restraints and can take the form of franchise fees, resale-price maintenance, exclusive dealing, exclusive territories, and slotting allowances. The use and the effects of one type of instrument versus another depend crucially on specific market assumptions upstream and downstream and on the division of bargaining power between manufacturers and retailers. The author surveys the industrial organization literature on retail pricing and shows that vertical restraint instruments have important effects on producer and consumer prices, market structure, efficiency, and welfare. Some potentially important macroeconomic implications of vertical restraints are suggested.


.– Ilyoplax pusilla (De Haan, 1835), a Japanese intertidal mudflat inhabitant, is known to exhibit genetic differentiation between populations from mainland Japan and Ryukyu Islands. Morphological variation of I . pusilla was examined for possible correlations with the genetic population structure. Among adult specimens collected from four mainland and two Ryukyu Islands populations, two morphological types were found in each of three characters, i.e. abdominal telson of both sexes and male first pleopod, among which the variation of the male first pleopod was consistent with their respective population groups, which indicates a relationship between morphological variation and genetic differences.


Cartilaginous structures are at the core of embryo growth and shaping before the bone forms. Here we report a novel principle of vertebrate cartilage growth that is based on introducing transversally-oriented clones into pre-existing cartilage. This mechanism of growth uncouples the lateral expansion of curved cartilaginous sheets from the control of cartilage thickness, a process which might be the evolutionary mechanism underlying adaptations of facial shape. In rod-shaped cartilage structures (Meckel, ribs and skeletal elements in developing limbs), the transverse integration of clonal columns determines the well-defined diameter and resulting rod-like morphology. We were able to alter cartilage shape by experimentally manipulating clonal geometries. Using in silico modeling, we discovered that anisotropic proliferation might explain cartilage bending and groove formation at the macro-scale. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25902.001


Abstract. Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Systems (HEPSs) are becoming more and more popular methods to deal with the meteorological and hydrological uncertainties that affect discharge forecasts. These uncertainties are particularly difficult to handle when dealing with Mediterranean flash-flood forecasting as many hydrological and meteorological factors take place and precipitation comes from small scale convective systems. In this work, the performances of distinct HEPS are compared for two heavy precipitation events that affected two different semi-arid Spanish Mediterranean catchments: the cases of the 03 November 2011 on the Llobregat River in Catalonia, and the 28 September 2012 on the Guadalentin River near in Murcia. The latter case corresponds to the IOP8 of HYMEX field campaign. The uncertainty on quantitative precipitation forecasting is sampled by using two different meteorological ensemble generation strategies. First, a convection-permitting EPS, which consists in dynamically downscaling the ECMWF-EPS directly by means of the WRF model. The second EPS strategy is based on the AROME-WMED convective-scale model. Its deterministic QPFs are perturbed based on a previous rainfall forecast error climatology and by using the probability density functions of the errors, in term of total amounts and location of the heaviest rainfalls. The population of both ensembles is of 50 members, which are used to drive the HEC-HMS and ISBA-TOP hydrological models. For each HEPS, the performance is assessed in term of the quantitative discharge forecasts. The results point out the benefits of using (i) a hydrological model when evaluating highly-variable and convective-driven precipitation fields and (ii) an EPS to better encompass these uncertainties arising from different level of the HEPS. Issues about the optimal number of ensemble members and impact of the ensemble forecasting lead time are addressed for optimal flash-flood forecasting purposes as well.


Fasciola hepatica infection affects several animal species and is most often diagnosed in sheep and cattle. Fascioliasis presents nonspecific symptoms; therefore, laboratory diagnosis is required, with faecal examinations being the most frequently used as they are inexpensive, can be performed more easily and provide important epidemiological information. The objective of this study was to quantitatively compare the four sieves technique proposed by Girao and Ueno (1985) and the faecal sedimentation technique described by Foreyt (2005) in samples of cattle faeces artificially infected with F. hepatica eggs. Faecal contaminations were performed with 10, 25 or 50 eggs per gram for mild, moderate or heavy infection, respectively. Ten replicates were performed for each degree of infection for each technique, totalling 60 samples. The results showed that the faecal sedimentation technique was superior to the four sieves technique for quantitative diagnosis of F. hepatica. The percentage recovery of eggs was 68%, 59.36% and 65.88% using the sedimentation technique and 21%, 8.4% and 22.6% for the technique of Girao and Ueno (1985) in light, moderate and heavy infections, respectively. Additionally, the sedimentation technique described by Foreyt (2005) is cheaper to apply and easier to use.


This study articulates the construct of social presence and develops a social presence questionnaire for examining online collaborative learning with tests for reliability and validity. Questionnaire items were developed by revising the social presence questionnaire developed by Picciano in 2002 as well as reviewing research in the literature of computer support for cooperative systems (CSCW). Twenty items were developed and administered to 15 graduate students taking an online course. Exploratory factor and reliability analyses resulted in the identification of 12 items reflecting online social presence.


A 59-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of a gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) (Fig.1A). The tumor appeared round in shape at the fundus of the stomach without ulceration. On endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), the tumor measured 2.4 ×2.3 cm and had a heterogenous hypoechoic appearance in the proper muscle layer (Fig. 1B). EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) was performed for the tumor (Fig. 1C, Fig. 2). What is the most probable diagnosis? BOOST YOUR LEARNING WITH QUIZ


New paleomagnetic and isotopic data from East Greenland indicate that this classical "Devonian" basin was partly formed in Carboniferous. The basin preserves a stratigraphically linked magnetic reversal pattern of primary character. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the two stratigraphically lowermost intrabasinal angular unconformities, identified on each side of the basin, in fact correlate as one unconformity. This implies a 2 km reduction of the estimated basin thickness, and thus that the unconformity represents a major depositional hiatus. Successions below the unconformity are taken to be Devonian (Givetian) in age, on the basis of correlation with paleomagnetic reference poles. However, we argue that the overlying strata are Carboniferous, rather than Devonian, in age, on the basis of a ca. 336 Ma 40Ar/39Ar extrusive age for a basalt flow and paleomagnetic data. A Carboniferous age for the strata has significant implications for vertebrate evolution; fossils of a terrestial tetrapod, Ichthyostega, are found above the unconformity. Ichthyostega is regarded as the earliest fossil of an animal known to walk on land; however, our data suggest that these dry footsteps are much younger than previously believed. Our results are also significant for plate reconstructions. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the lower part of the basin was deposited at low southerly latitudes. Sediments above our Early Carboniferous unconformity were deposited approximately at lat 4°N, indicating that the continent had drifted northward. A minor pole-longitude misfit between Devonian and Carboniferous poles from East Greenland and North America implies (1) a closer pre–Labrador Sea Greenland–North America fit; (2) counterclockwise block rotations (10°–15°) of the study area; or (3) a combination of both. The East Greenland "Devonian" basin formed along the Caledonian spine of Euramerica, and counterclockwise block rotation may have occurred between sinistral faults resulting from continued relative movement between Baltica and Laurentia during Devonian and Carboniferous time. on January 23, 2012 geology.gsapubs.org Downloaded from


The differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) into tissue-specific cells utilizes either monolayer cultures or three-dimensional cell aggregates called embryoid bodies (EB). However, the generation of a large number of EB of controlled sizes can be challenging and labor intensive. Our laboratories have developed a simple, robust, ultra-rapid, and inexpensive design of Honeycomb Microwells for generation of EB. Here, we compare EB generated using (1) Honeycomb Microwells, (2) the commercially available AggreWell™400, and (3) the more traditional Hanging Drop method. We compared the efficiency, viability, quality, and control of EB sizes. Results indicate that the Honeycomb Microwell and AggreWell™400 efficiently generate small EB at approximately 500 cells per EB. However, the cone-bottomed AggreWell plate generates cone-shaped EB at 1000-2000 cells per EB. Moreover, the cone-shape correlates with a reduction in the formation of the primitive endoderm GATA-4+ cells (1% compared with 6-8% in spherical EB), but does not significantly affect mesoderm or ectoderm development. We conclude that the non-spherical EB shape correlates with a reduction in the development of primitive endoderm, and that use of these AggreWell plates should be avoided in deriving endoderm tissue products. Key words: Embryonic stem cells, embryoid bodies, Microwell, AggreWell, hanging drop, primitive endoderm, GATA-4.


In India rail transport occupies a prominent position in providing the necessary transport infrastructure to sustain needs of a rapidly growing economy. Today, India possesses the fourth largest railway network in the world. However, in terms of the reliability and safety parameters, we have not yet reached truly global standards. The main problem about a railway analysis is detection of cracks in the structure. If these deficiencies are not controlled at early stages they might lead to a number of derailments resulting in a heavy loss of life and property. This paper proposes a cost effective solution to the problem of railway track crack detection utilizing LED-LDR assembly which tracks the exact location of faulty track which then mended immediately so that many lives will be saved.


Modern vehicles know more about the road conditions than transportation agencies. Enhanced vehicle data that provides information on "close calls" such as hard braking events or road conditions during winter such as wheel slips and traction control will be critical for improving safety and traffic operations. This research applied conflict analyses techniques to process approximately 1.5 million hard braking events that occurred in the state of Indiana over a period of one week in August 2019. The study looked at work zones, signalized intersections, interchanges and entry/exit ramps. Qualitative spatial frequency analysis of hard-braking events on the interstate demonstrated the ability to quickly identify temporary and long-term construction zones that warrant further investigation to improve geometry and advance warning signs. The study concludes by recommending the frequency of hard-braking events across different interstate routes to identify roadway locations that have abnormally high numbers of "close calls" for further engineering assessment.


The study of jazz comes of age with this anthology. One of the first books to consider jazz outside of established critical modes, Jazz Among the Discourses brings together scholars from an array of disciplines to question and revise conventional methods of writing and thinking about jazz.

Challenging "official jazz histories," the contributors to this volume view jazz through the lenses of comparative literature; African American studies; music, film, and communication theory; English literature; American studies; history; and philosophy. With uncommon rigor and imagination, their essays probe the influence of various discourses—journalism, scholarship, politics, oral history, and entertainment—on writing about jazz. Employing modes of criticism and theory that have transformed study in the humanities, they address questions seldom if ever raised in jazz writing: What are the implications of building jazz history around the medium of the phonograph record? Why did jazz writers first make the claim that jazz is an art? How is an African American aesthetic articulated through the music? What are the consequences of the interaction between the critic and the jazz artist? How does the improvising artist navigate between chaos and discipline?

Along with its companion volume, Representing Jazz , this versatile anthology marks the arrival of jazz studies as a mature, intellectually independent discipline. Its rethinking of conventional jazz discourse will further strengthen the position of jazz studies within the academy.

Contributors . John Corbett, Steven B. Elworth, Krin Gabbard, Bernard Gendron, William Howland Kenney, Eric Lott, Nathaniel Mackey, Burton Peretti, Ronald M. Radano, Jed Rasula, Lorenzo Thomas, Robert Walser


Book synopsis: Althusser and Law is the first book specifically dedicated to the place of law in Louis Althusser's philosophy. The growing importance of Althusser's philosophy in contemporary debates on the left has - for practical and political, as well theoretical reasons - made a sustained consideration of his conception of law more necessary than ever. As a form of what Althusser called 'Ideological State Apparatuses', law is at the forefront of political struggles: from the destruction of Labour Law to the exploitation of Patent Law; from the privatisation of Public Law to the ongoing hegemony of Commercial Law; and from the discourse on Human Rights to the practice of judicial courts. Is Althusser still useful in helping us to understand these struggles? Does he have something to teach us about how law is produced, and how it is used and misused? This collection demonstrates that Althusser's ideas about law are more important, and more contemporary, than ever. Indeed, the contributors to Althusser and Law argue that Althusser offers a new and invaluable perspective on the place of law in contemporary life.


This report from the Center for American Progress offers 10 recommendations for improving the public perceptions of and experiences of classroom teachers. While elements of these recommendations would likely be beneficial, they also include policy changes that would increase surveillance of teachers, reduce teachers' job security, evaluate teachers by students' test scores, and create merit pay systems that would likely have the opposite effect. For evidence, the report relies too heavily on popular rhetoric, sound bites, opinion articles, and advocacy publications to advance a policy agenda that in many ways could do further harm to the teaching profession. However, many of the report's recommendations do align with policy reforms currently being proposed for the Higher Education Act and included in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act reauthorizations and are therefore important to read critically and consider carefully. In advancing evaluation of teachers by test scores, the report goes against the cautions and guidelines recently released by the American Statistical Association and the American Educational Research Association. Other than a review of contemporary issues, the report offers little of substance to advance the teaching profession. Review of Smart, Skilled, and Striving: tranSforming and elevating the teaching ProfeSSion


A novel method for the separation of berberine hydrochloride has been developed. Berberine hydrochloride molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by suspension polymerization in the aqueous phase using berberine hydrochloride as the template, methyl acrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate (which contains a phenanthrene ring skeleton) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as combinatorial crosslinkers. The imprinted polymers were successfully used as a selective stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. Separation performance of the chromatographic column was determined from the selectivity (evaluated by separation factor) and sorption selectivity (evaluated by imprinting factor) of the molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers towards the template. The optimum conditions to maximize separation and imprinting factors were investigated. Acetic acid–methanol solution (0.05% v/v) was selected as the optimum mobile phase, while 0.2 mL min−1 was chosen as the optimized flow rate for selective separation of berberine hydrochloride. The highest imprinting and separation factors obtained were 1.924 and 18.52, respectively. Simultaneously, the chromatographic column backpressure was stable and showed good permeability. The chromatographic column was used to separate effectively template molecules from coptis root extract and other analogues. Such chromatographic columns with high selectivity can be used to selectively separate berberine hydrochloride from other compounds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry


The right to counsel is one of the most important rights that accused persons have in criminal procedure, as it helps to guarantee that all other rights of accused persons are respected throughout the procedure. According to the European Convention on Human Rights, the accused has a right to either choose counsel or be provided with legal-aid counsel. Exercising the right to choose one's counsel is the better option of the two, since it gives the accused an opportunity to choose counsel whom he trusts. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary that the authorities not restrict an accused person's choice in this connection unless there is compelling reason to do so. When the authorities have failed to honour this obligation, violation of Article 6 of the convention has occurred, as the European Court of Human Rights declared on 30 May 2013 in the case Martin v. Estonia . The Court stated that not only was Estonia to pay damages but it also had to take into account that r etrial, reopening of the case, or a review of it may be an appropriate way of redressing the violation. Although Martin's counsel filed a petition for review with the Estonian Supreme Court afterward, the Supreme Court refused to reopen the case, proceeding from what the author of the article considers to be purely formal arguments. In the article, the author offers her opinion about how the Supreme Court should have acted in order to cure the violation of the right to choose counsel in Martin's case.


Causal inference requires assumptions about the data generating process, many of which are unverifiable from the data. Given that some causal assumptions might be uncertain or disputed, formal methods are needed to quantify how sensitive research conclusions are to violations of those assumptions. Although an extensive literature exists on the topic, most results are limited to specific model structures, while a general-purpose algorithmic framework for sensitivity analysis is still lacking. In this paper, we develop a formal, systematic approach to sensitivity analysis for arbitrary linear Structural Causal Models (SCMs). We start by formalizing sensitivity analysis as a constrained identification problem. We then develop an efficient, graph-based identification algorithm that exploits non-zero constraints on both directed and bidirected edges. This allows researchers to systematically derive sensitivity curves for a target causal quantity with an arbitrary set of path coefficients and error covariances as sensitivity parameters. These results can be used to display the degree to which violations of causal assumptions affect the target quantity of interest, and to judge, on scientific grounds, whether problematic degrees of violations are plausible.


Renovation of existing buildings is a type of construction work that requires a very good understanding of the existing built environment. Accurate bidding and proper planning for such construction projects requires detailed information both from the 3D CAD model and of the existing building. The problem is both sources of information are heterogeneous: one is in the form of digital data (2D CAD drawings, 3D CAD models), while the other is the actual physical world. The CAD model and drawings deliver the designer's construction intent, while the physical world provides integration context. A user must do significant mental efforts to merge the 2 types of data and form a mental image of the work that is actually required. In this paper, we present a technique that enables the visualization of augmented scenes, packaged in a visualization application that can be used on site or off site by construction bidders, planners and workers. The building environment is first captured by walking in the area holding a panoramic video camera. The panoramic video stream is then post-processed to align each of its frames with a 3D model of the building. A user can then use the viewer to navigate the pre-recorded photo-realistic scene at any location and orientation along the camera paths, and augment it with the 3D model, to reveal hidden structure represented in the model, or 3D elements showing future portions to be added. Our method was tested on a building for which a detailed 3D CAD model (BIM) was available. Results show that the system could enable a better communication between the designer and the builder by displaying the designed construction intent in its real context, and therefore could allow more accurate bidding and work planning, and generally, could facilitate better understanding of the work to be done.


In 1917 a remarkable organisation came into being. Its brief was vastly ambitious: to commemorate the 1,100,00 men of the British Empire who lost their lives in the First World War. The Imperial War Graves Commission was the creation of one man, Sir Fabian Ware, whose energy and determination brought together some of the greatest designers and architects of the early twentieth century. This book looks at the history of the war graves for British and Commonwealth servicemen and women, and examines how modern remembrance has been shaped by the work of Ware and his contemporaries after the First World War.


The first machineries for non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) biosynthesis were uncovered over 50 years ago, and the dissection of these megasynthetases set the stage for the nomenclature system that has been used ever since. Although the number of exceptions to the canonical biosynthetic pathways has surged in the intervening years, the NRP synthetase (NRPS) classification system has remained relatively unchanged. This has led to the exclusion of many biosynthetic pathways whose biosynthetic machineries violate the classical rules for NRP assembly, and ultimately to a rupture in the field of NRP biosynthesis. In an attempt to unify the classification of NRP pathways and to facilitate the communication within the research field, we propose a revised framework for grouping ribosome-independent peptide biosynthetic pathways based on recognizable commonalities in their biosynthetic logic. Importantly, the framework can be further refined as needed.


The importance of Paracoccus burnerae has risen over the years to an extent where it is now not only a serious pest of citrus, but is also a quarantine pest for citrus fruit imported from South Africa. The field biology of P. burnerae on citrus in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was studied through periodic sampling of leaves from twigs enclosed in sleeve cages. The species composition and abundance of natural enemies was investigated. Both adult and immature stages attained maximum population peaks in March and P. burnerae had four generations. The highest level of mortality was experienced in the immature stages. Climate and an unidentified fungus were the key mortality factors. The level of abundance of the two observed predators, the harlequin beetle, Harmonia axyridis, and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla sp., was relatively low. Although parasitism occurred in some cages, the level was low, ranging between 1.62 and 9.43 %. If biocontrol is the preferred method of controlling P. burnerae, suitable candidate parasitoids for inoculative biocontrol are Acerophagus sp., Leptomastix sp. and Microterys nietneri. The oleander mealybug does not share the same parasitoids with Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus calceolariae and Pseudococcus longispinus except for the parasitoid Coccophagus sp. The most popular species of parasitoids used in the biolological control of mealybugs, Anagyrus sp. and Coccidoxenoides sp., were insignificant in the case of P. burnerae.


NIP/DuoxA, originally cloned as a protein capable of binding to the cell fate determinant Numb in Drosophila, was recently identified as a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mammalian systems. Despite biochemical and cellular studies that link NIP/DuoxA to the generation of ROS through the dual oxidase (Duox) enzyme, the in vivo function of NIP/DuoxA has not been characterized to date. Here we report a genetic and functional characterization of nip in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that nip is essential for Drosophila development as nip null mutants die at the 1(st) larval instar. Expression of UAS-nip, but not UAS-Duox, rescued the lethality. To understand the function of nip beyond the early larval stage, we generated GAL4 inducible UAS-RNAi transgenes. da(G32)-GAL4 driven, ubiquitous RNAi-mediated silencing of nip led to profound abnormality in pre-adult development, crinkled wing and markedly reduced lifespan at 29 degrees C. Compared to wild type flies, da-GAL4 induced nip-RNAi transgenic flies exhibited significantly reduced ability to survive under oxidative stress and displayed impaired mitochondrial aconitase function. Our work provides in vivo evidence for a critical role for nip in the development and oxidative stress response in Drosophila.


Purpose: We deal with the problem of the joint determination of optimal economic production quantity (EPQ) and optimal preventive maintenance (PM) for a system that can produce multiple products alternately. The objective is to find the optimal number of production cycles and the PM policy simultaneously by minimizing the cost model. Design/methodology/approach: Considering the products go through the system in a sequence and a complete run of all products forms a production cycle. In each cycle, beyond production time we also consider some reserve time for maintenance and setup, shortage and overproduction may occur. We study the integrated problem based on two PM policies, and explain the situation with the other PM policies. The delay – time concept is used to model PM decisions. Findings: Using the integrated EPQ and PM model, we can calculate the optimal production planning and PM schedule simultaneously, especially we consider multiple products in each production cycle, which is more practical and economic than previous works. Originality/value: In modern companies, the production planning and maintenance schedule share the same system, and traditional research about two activities is separated, that always generate conflicts, such as inadequate or excessive maintenance, and shortages, etc., so we develop the integrated EPQ and PM model to avoid these undesirable effects.


This is an addendum to EUROMOD working paper EM 12/17, which updates, corrects and extends the previous evaluation of an illustrative Citizen's Basic Income scheme. Debate about Citizen's Basic Income – an unconditional and nonwithdrawable income for every individual – has shifted in character. An earlier phase related to the proposal's desirability; then followed debate about its feasibility; and now attention has turned to questions of implementation. Working paper EM 12/17 operationalised characteristics of two implementation models in terms of changes that might be required in existing UK tax and benefits systems, and it evaluated the implementation methods in relation to a wider variety of indicators than previous exercises of this kind: poverty and inequality indices, tax rate rises required for revenue neutrality, household disposable income gains and losses, households' abilities to escape from means-testing, and marginal deduction rates. This addendum employs EUROMOD H1.0+ to update the evaluation of one of the two implementation methods, to make a correction in one of the marginal deduction rates, and to extend the evaluation by calculating the number of households able to escape from all means-tested benefits, and by calculating the gains and losses that would be experienced by households containing individuals with disabilities.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate mortality in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy, to determine the risk of death, and to identify predictors of death from the point of diagnosis.

DESIGN
Prospective community-based cohort of 613 children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. The outcome measure was death. Chi2 Tests were used for bivariate analyses and the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariable analyses. Standardized mortality ratios were used to quantify the excess mortality in the cohort relative to the population.

RESULTS
Thirteen deaths occurred during 4733 person-years of follow-up, for a crude death rate of 2.7 per 1000 person-years (0.52 per 1000 person-years in those with nonsymptomatic epilepsy and 12.6 per 1000 person-years in those with symptomatic epilepsy). Ten deaths were associated with the underlying cause of the seizures, 2 were associated with the occurrence or probable occurrence of seizures, and 1 was unrelated to seizures or the underlying disorder. On multivariable analysis, symptomatic etiology (rate ratio, 10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-49.6) and epileptic encephalopathy (rate ratio, 13.3; 95% CI, 3.4-51.7) were independently associated with mortality. The overall standardized mortality ratio for the cohort was 7.54 (95% CI, 4.38-12.99). In children with symptomatic epilepsy, the standardized mortality ratio was 33.46 (95% CI, 18.53-60.43), and in those with nonsymptomatic epilepsy, it was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.36-5.73).

CONCLUSIONS
Children with epilepsy have an increased risk of death. Most deaths occur in children with severe underlying conditions and are not directly related to the occurrence of seizures.


Given only positive examples and unlabeled examples (from both positive and negative classes), we might hope nevertheless to estimate an accurate positive-versus-negative classifier. Formally, this task is broken down into two subtasks: (i) Mixture Proportion Estimation (MPE) -- determining the fraction of positive examples in the unlabeled data; and (ii) PU-learning -- given such an estimate, learning the desired positive-versus-negative classifier. Unfortunately, classical methods for both problems break down in high-dimensional settings. Meanwhile, recently proposed heuristics lack theoretical coherence and depend precariously on hyperparameter tuning. In this paper, we propose two simple techniques: Best Bin Estimation (BBE) (for MPE); and Conditional Value Ignoring Risk (CVIR), a simple objective for PU-learning. Both methods dominate previous approaches empirically, and for BBE, we establish formal guarantees that hold whenever we can train a model to cleanly separate out a small subset of positive examples. Our final algorithm (TED)$^n$, alternates between the two procedures, significantly improving both our mixture proportion estimator and classifier


The purpose of this review is to highlight how proteomics techniques can be used to answer specific questions related to signal transduction in a wide variety of systems. In our laboratory, we utilize proteomic technologies to elucidate signal transduction pathways involved in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, cell growth and tumorigenesis, and the pathogenesis of malaria. We see the real application of this technology as a tool to enhance the power of existing approaches such as classical yeast and mouse genetics, tissue culture, protein expression systems, and site-directed mutagenesis. Our basic approach is to examine only those proteins that differ by some variable from the control sample. In this way, the number of proteins to be processed by electrophoresis, Edman degradation, or mass spectrometry is greatly reduced. In addition, since only those proteins that change in response to a given biological treatment are analyzed, the experimental outcome provides information about specific signaling pathways. Examples of typical experiments in our laboratory are measurement of changes in protein phosphorylation in response to treatment of cells with growth factors or specific drugs, characterization of proteins associated with a bait protein in a "pull-down" experiment, or measurement of changes in protein expression. Frequently, in these experiments, it is necessary to define complex protein mixtures. To achieve this goal, we utilize a variety of techniques to isolate specific types of proteins or "subproteomes" for further analysis. In this review, we discuss strategies used in our laboratory for studying signaling pathways, including subproteome isolation, proteome mining, and analysis of the phosphoproteome.


Overhead transmission lines are the most economical and commonly used carriers of electricity. Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) cables, as part of transmission lines, are used in severe environments in coastal areas and industrial zones for many years. These cables are affected by galvanic corrosion in the interface between the aluminium and steel strands. On the other hand, it is important for power companies to use efficient technology to locate and repair any significant faults on transmission lines at the earliest possible stage that could help them reduce maintenance costs and increase the quality of the power supply. This report investigates the existing methods of corrosion detection used in ACSR cables of overhead transmission lines, and estimates the location of corrosion through simulation in a computer program. In particular, the report analyses two promising methods of corrosion detection, namely "electromagnetic induction" and "time domain reflectometry", and explains in detail their principle of operation and efficiency. In addition, the report also mentions some of the corrosion detectors available on the market and discusses their characteristics. In the latter part of the report, one of the existing techniques is thoroughly investigated by implementing in a computer program, and the simulation results are discussed. It also describes a few obstacles that might be faced if the technology is applied practically, and offers suggestions for a better approach to the problem.


Expertise in electrolyte systems has become increasingly important in traditional CPI operations, as well as in oil/gas exploration and production. This book is the source for predicting electrolyte systems behavior, an indispensable "do-it-yourself" guide, with a blueprint for formulating predictive mathematical electrolyte models, recommended tabular values to use in these models, and annotated bibliographies. The final chapter is a general recipe for formulating complete predictive models for electrolytes, along with a series of worked illustrative examples. It can serve as a useful research and application tool for the practicing process engineer, and as a textbook for the chemical engineering student.


Background: α-Synuclein is an aggregation-prone protein that reconfigures more slowly under aggregating conditions. Results: Curcumin binds to monomeric α-synuclein, prevents aggregation, and increases the reconfiguration rate, particularly at high temperatures. Conclusion: Curcumin rescues the protein from aggregation by making the protein more diffusive. Significance: The search for aggregation inhibitors should account for changes in chain dynamics by the small molecule. α-Synuclein is a protein that is intrinsically disordered in vitro and prone to aggregation, particularly at high temperatures. In this work, we examined the ability of curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, to prevent aggregation of the protein. We found strong binding of curcumin to α-synuclein in the hydrophobic non-amyloid-β component region and complete inhibition of oligomers or fibrils. We also found that the reconfiguration rate within the unfolded protein was significantly increased at high temperatures. We conclude that α-synuclein is prone to aggregation because its reconfiguration rate is slow enough to expose hydrophobic residues on the same time scale that bimolecular association occurs. Curcumin rescues the protein from aggregation by increasing the reconfiguration rate into a faster regime.


This article traces a single plot—the plot of bigamous return—through a range of genres and texts, including Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862) and Alfred Tennyson's "Enoch Arden" (1864), concentrating on Elizabeth Gaskell's Sylvia's Lovers (1863). Arguing that plot is a more productive heuristic than genre, this article investigates the intersection of literary currents in one historical moment with the long duree of a recurring story, powerfully present in nautical ballads and melodrama.


Teenage gender and sexual identities are shaped within a complex cultural landscape where the issue of protecting the 'innocent' (i.e. children/teens) from sexually suggestive images is high on the public agenda (Buckingham, 2008b; Duits & van Zoonen, 2011; Johansson, 2007). Intimate relationships and sexuality have entered the public domain and are presented on television, offering audiences possible roles to play in everyday life. Trepidation about teenagers being 'corrupted' by sexualised media has urged many scholars to investigate this issue, as illustrated by many newspaper articles, such as 'Sex and the City verhoogt kans op tienerzwangerschap' (Dijkman, 2008, 11 November). However, Buckingham and Bragg (2004), for instance, underlined that sexualised, mediatised representations can also empower and emancipate teens, who are often savvy, active and critical media consumers. Thus, we believe that it is too strong a statement to speak of youth as being 'corrupted' through media use and media consumption. Drawing on insights from the interdisciplinary field of cultural studies, we aimed to study how young audiences (14–19-year-olds) in Flanders consume fictional sexual scripts, and how these scripts can help in the development and articulation of a teenager's gender and sexual identities. A qualitative approach was adopted using 57 teenagers divided into 8 focus groups. The topics of discussion were social viewing contexts and television centred communication, as well as sexual norms and values, the sexual double standard, sexual scripts and representations of peers and gay characters. We consider these focus group talks about the consumption of fictional sexual scripts as a site for identity construction, since identity (or the narrative of the self; Giddens, 1991) must be performed for others to see. Since gender and sexuality are both social constructs to which mediated representations contribute (Gledhill, 2003, p. 366; Jackson, 2005; Rahman & Jackson, 2010), and since gender and sexuality are intertwined and cannot be completely separated, both were investigated in this study (Bindig, 2008, p. 21; Lemish, 2010). The results of the study presented in this working paper show that talking about and watching televised sex have, for the most part, become less taboo among teens, and sexual scripts are often considered 'normal'. A rather liberal stance regarding sexual representations was noted among most of the youth; however, this does not imply that their permissiveness is unlimited. In general, they highly value traditional norms and values regarding relationships and sexuality in everyday life, and although most respondents showed tolerance towards others having casual sex, they tended to distance themselves from such behaviour. Hegemonic gender performances and heteronormative discourse were frequently noted in the discussion of representations of gay characters on television, and young men in particular felt the need to stress their heterosexual identity.


As the duty to consult Aboriginal peoples becomes operationalized within the frameworks of government decision-making, the agencies responsible for these decisions are increasingly turning to environmental assessment (EA) processes as one of the principal vehicles for carrying out those consultations. This article explores the practical and theoretical dimensions of using EA processes to implement the duties to consult and accommodate. The relationship between EA and the duty to consult has arisen in a number of cases and a clear picture is emerging of the steps that agencies conducting EAs must carry out in order to discharge their constitutional obligations to Aboriginal peoples. The paper examines the implementation of the duty to consult through various stages of the EA processes, identifying the EA practices that are best able to satisfy the legal requirements and the aspirations of the duty to consult, as well as to identify areas that are likely to present challenges moving forward. The paper also considers the broader approach to EA that is more likely to contribute to the overarching goal of reconciliation. Here the central claim is that greater attention must be paid to the deliberative and justificatory qualities of EA.


Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of death and morbidity in the world. An uncontrolled activation of the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation may lead to the formation of thrombi. Antithrombotic drugs have limitations and may produce side effects, and consequently, alternative therapies have been extensively investigated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects of extracts (prepared in methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate or acetone) of the Brazilian alga Acanthophora spicifera and some commercial products, biotin, myristic acid, cholesterol, β-carotene and vitamin B12. Samples were tested on Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Fibrinogen Coagulation and Thrombin Time, which are routinely used at clinical trials and on platelet aggregation. From the result, all extracts or products inhibited plasma coagulation as well as inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP. Moreover, the extracts inhibited the enzymatic activity of thrombin, tested upon a specific chromogenic for thrombin. The extracts or commercial products were devoid of toxicity, since no lyse occurred on platelets or red blood cells in the presence of them. In conclusion, the extracts of A. spicifera or products from the market have biotechnological potential and may be useful to develop a new class of antihemostatic drugs.

 Key words: Acanthophora spicifera, red marine alga, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, bioprospecting, vascular diseases.


The overall objective of the energy strategies modelling effort within IIASA's Energy Systems Program is to construct a set of multiregional models of the world to assist in the analysis and evaluation of regional and global energy strategies for the next 15 to 50 years.

The energy system of each world region is characterized by a set of interrelated models, each dealing with a different aspect of energy systems analysis. These include (1) models of the macroeconomy; (2) inter-industry product flows; (3) energy demand; (4) primary energy resources; (5) energy supply technologies and their environmental impact; and of (6) the direct and indirect investment and operational requirements of energy systems.

A global balance model of interregional trade in energy resources is under preparation for linking the set of regional models together.

The present paper is concerned with item 5 above, namely the model MESSAGE, a Model for Energy Supply System Alternatives and Their General Environmental Impact. MESSAGE is formulated as a dynamic linear program for the comparison of new and existing supply technologies for the primary, secondary and end-use conversion and distribution of energy to satisfy each of the different components of a given energy demand. Constraints are imposed by the availability of primary energy resources and the carrying capacity of the environment.

MESSAGE is an instrument designed to compare different energy supply and end-use technologies and to explore the consequences of pursuing a wide range of possible energy supply strategies under various assumptions concerning: the availability of primary energy supply; future energy conversion technologies; different levels of energy demand and end-use patterns; environmental control; and conservation of energy.

The purpose of MESSAGE in particular, and of the modelling effort of the Energy Systems Program in general, is not to make predictions or forecasts but to clarify some of the major worldwide consequences of taking alternative energy policy choices at the regional and global levels.

Although the model described here was conceived as an integral part of the multiregional energy study of the Energy Systems Program, it is a consistent entity which could be used independently of the other models in evaluating the energy supply strategies of individual nations.


Summary

1. Spatial and temporal variability of relative snow-melt, glacier-melt and groundwater contributions to streams play important roles in shaping alpine freshwater ecosystems. Although meltwater (particularly glacier-fed) streams have received much attention in recent years, the influence of groundwater on alpine freshwater ecosystems remains poorly understood.

2. This study tested the hypotheses that increased groundwater contributions to meltwater-dominated alpine streams would yield increases in water temperature, channel stability, electrical conductivity and particulate organic matter (POM) and decreases in suspended sediment concentration (SSC). These more favourable habitat conditions were hypothesised to result in increased macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity.

3. Groundwater contributions, physicochemical habitat variables and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled throughout the 2002 and 2003 summer-melt seasons in three streams in the French Pyrenees.

4. Increased groundwater contributions were significantly correlated with higher discharge, water temperature, electrical conductivity, POM and channel stability, but lower SSC.

5. Macroinvertebrate total abundance, taxonomic richness, number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera genera, and per cent Plecoptera all increased significantly with greater groundwater contributions to streamflow. However, beta diversity and Trichoptera relative abundance decreased.

6. Abundance of most macroinvertebrate taxa was highest under groundwater-dominated conditions but a gradient of optimum groundwater preferences was evident across all taxa. Some taxa were found only where groundwater contributions were low (i.e. in predominantly meltwater-fed streams).

7. This study provides evidence that water source, physicochemical habitat and stream biota are strongly linked. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for future studies aiming to develop conservation strategies or predict the response of alpine river ecosystems to global climate change.


Abstract A quasimodel is an algebraic axiomatisation of the hyperspace structure based on a module. We initiated this structure in our paper [2]. It is a generalisation of the module structure in the sense that every module can be embedded into a quasi module and every quasi module contains a module. The structure a quasimodel is a conglomeration of a commutative semigroup with an external ring multiplication and a compatible partial order. In the entire structure partial order has an intrinsic effect and plays a key role in any development of the theory of quasi module. In the present paper we have discussed order-morphism which is a morphism like concept. Also with the help of the quotient structure of a quasi module by means of a suitable compatible congruence, we have proved order-isomorphism theorem.


Rabies is a zoonotic infectious animal disease. Genesis of rabies is feared among people because it almost ends in death. The disease is caused by the virusrabies, the genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae (Muleyaetal., 2012). The case of rabies / lyssa has long been recognized by the public and has been widespread in several countries of the world. Human deaths from rabies in Africa and Asia are estimated at 55,000 people per year (Knobel et al., 2005). The presence of rabies in Indonesia was first reported in the iPhones of West Java in 1884. To date, rabies in Indonesia still poses a major problem from the public health aspect with an average reported death rate of 125 people per year (Sedyaningsih, 2011). Therefore, rabies is grouped into strategic diseases and is given priority in its prevention, control and eradication.Pisang Island is located inPesisir Barat District which is one of the foreign tourist destinations. It is located very close to the west coastal district which has a high bite case (attached). It is therefore necessary to analyze the risk of rabies entry from the Pesisir Barat district to Pisang Island.


Abstract. We present the late summer distribution and transports of freshwater components in the upper western part of the Fram Strait during 1998, 2004 and 2005. Hydrographic data and and water δ18O values are analyzed to distinguish Atlantic Water, ice melt (SIM) and freshwater removal from ice formation (IFB), and Meteoric Water (precipitation and riverine sources; MW). Concentrations of these water masses are combined with volume transport estimates from an inverse model. The average liquid freshwater transport relative to a reference salinity of 34.92, was 2500 km3/yr or 80 mSv southward, which is at the upper end of values reported in the literature. Our results indicate that not only the region of the continental slope but also parts of the East Greenland Shelf are important for freshwater transports. We estimate the average transports of of MW and IFB to be between 130 to 160 mSv (4100 to 5000 km3/yr) and 60 to 90 mSv (1900 to 2800 km3/yr) southward, respectively. The southward transport of MW was higher in 2005 than in 1998, but was compensated by a higher IFB transport. These differences in transports were associated with stronger southward velocities and the absence of northward velocities over the continental slope and the eastern East Greenland Shelf in 2005. A simulation using the North Atlantic-Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Model (NAOSIM) shows that the high transport of MW in the Fram Strait in 2005 is in agreement with the temporary storage of river water on the Siberian shelf in the mid-1990s, which reached the north of Greenland in 2003. Our results indicate that the accumulation of increased amounts of river water on the shelves is associated with enhanced ice formation.


The introduction of new types of innovative vehicles such as the hoverboard or monowheel in urban areas can raise questions in terms of regulation, safety and the future of urban mobility. In this research, 5 personal mobility vehicles currently acting in the Netherlands are considered, as well as a category of innovative vehicles. These vehicles are considered using the Safety Cube approach for their operational, functional and structural properties. From these properties, a Maturity Model for Urban Mobility (MMUM) is designed to assess their maturity in the Netherlands and to identify influencing factors when designing urban mobility systems.


&NA; One critical factor impeding successful management of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the lack of reliable biomarkers to assess therapeutic response. We hypothesized that changes in certain host biomarkers reflect the nature of infection status and disease progression. Upon primary IA diagnosis, these disease status biomarkers can be monitored to track response to antifungal therapy and provide early markers that prognosticate likelihood of response. Herein, we analyzed serum levels of three prominent host disease status biomarkers C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), and annexin A1 (ANXA1) in IA patients during antifungal therapy. A total of 81 serial serum samples were collected at five or six different time points relative to IA diagnosis from 15 probable IA patients (10 acute leukemia [AL] and five hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]). Of note, different biomarker profiles were observed in AL and HSCT patients, as not only levels of markers were significantly lower in HSCT patients but also more prominent interconnections among markers were observed in AL patients. Using a composite evaluation, patients were categorized as responders, nonresponders, and stable cases at last specimen. For AL responders, typical biomarker profiles were high initially but rapidly decreased for CRP and Hp post antifungal therapy, while low initial ANXA1 values were restored to normal levels after treatment. In contrast, CRP and Hp were persistently elevated whilst ANXA1 remained low throughout therapy in AL non‐responders. As a pilot proof‐of‐concept study, our work demonstrates the great potential of using host biomarkers to monitor early therapeutic response in leukemia patients.


The waveform of the Pupil Light Response (PLR) to chromatic stimuli is a key point in non-invasive assessment of the activity of the melanopsin-associated photoreceptive system, which is considered as the basis for preparing new diagnostic procedures in ophthalmology. The article shows a procedure for a quantitative description of the PLR waveform for both eyes across stimuli conditions using Fourier descriptors, and another procedure for emphasizing normal and abnormal pupil responses using Multi Dimensional Scaling. To determine the efficiency of this procedure as a clinical diagnostic, a set of PLR data for healthy subjects and patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) were analysed. The PLR data were obtained during a classical experiment used to measure melanopsin-associated photoreceptive system activity. The results confirmed the diagnostic utility of the proposed procedures for discriminating between normal and abnormal PLR responses.


: Among the greatest challenges of cloud computing is to automatically and efficiently exploit infrastructural resources in a way that minimises cloud fees without compromising the performance of resource demanding cloud applications. In this aspect the consideration of using processing nodes at the edge of the network, increases considerably the complexity of these challenges. PrEstoCloud idea encapsulates a dynamic, distributed, self-adaptive and proactively configurable architecture for processing Big Data streams. In particular, PrEstoCloud aims to combine real-time Big Data, mobile processing and cloud computing research in a unique way that entails proactiveness of cloud resources use and extension of the fog computing paradigm to the extreme edge of the network. The envisioned PrEstoCloud solution is driven by the microservices paradigm and has been structured across five different conceptual layers: i) Meta-management; ii) Control; iii) Cloud infrastructure; iv) Cloud/Edge communication and v) Devices, layers.


htmlabstractThis paper presents a web-based platform that enables the customization and synchronization of subtitles when using both a shared main screen and multiple secondary screens. This platform enables the dynamic adaptation of the subtitles' format (font family, size, color...) and positioning in order to maximize the users' perceived Quality of Experience or QoE (e.g., according to their preferences and/or needs). Likewise, the users can dynamically select the subtitles' language, apply a customized delay offset to the subtitles and adjust the number of lines to be displayed. Moreover, by using a secondary device, each user can also consume the subtitles in a customizable manner, by additionally enabling their presentation in two different languages and by navigating between them, being able to restore the video playback position by clicking on a specific subtitle line. With the provided functionalities, our platform enables personalized and immersive media experiences, and can contribute to a better language learning and social integration of audience with audiovisual impairments and non-natives, in both domestic and crowded multi-culture environments (e.g., public transportations systems, touristic places…).


Abstract. A detailed quantitative comparison of fully nonlinear computations with the measurements of unidirectional wave groups is presented. Computational results on evolving wave groups were compared with previous available experiments. The local surface elevation variation, the evolution of envelope shapes, the velocity of propagation of the steepest crests in the group and their relation to the height of the crests were obtained numerically and experimentally. Conditions corresponding to incipient wave breaking were investigated in greater detail. The results shed additional light on mechanisms leading to the breaking of steep waves, as well as on the crucial importance of exact matching between initial conditions in computations and experiments.


This Article examines the role of empathy in judging, which has been directly raised and questioned in recent years, in light of the discussion surrounding judicial nominations and appointments to the Supreme Court. President Barack Obama was right to emphasize that empathy is an important quality to be found in a judicial nominee, but his public support for empathetic judging was unfortunately cut short due to the political controversy and misunderstanding surrounding what empathy means. The opportunity remains, however, for a renewed discussion regarding judicial empathy by expressly connecting it to our vision of judicial impartiality. This Article makes an affirmative case for empathetic decisionmaking and argues that empathetic judging is necessary for objective adjudication. Consequently, when evaluating judicial candidates and judges, their exercise of empathy should be used as a litmus test to determine whether they will or do engage in impartial decisionmaking. Such a test would recognize that judges have their own tendencies in how they view various types of cases and with which party they tend to identify. This tendency particularly matters in cases that raise questions of inequality and perspective, and also involve a highly factual inquiry in applying the law, such as employment discrimination cases. These cases importantly depend upon how the judge hears the litigants' stories. Further, since many workplace discrimination suits do not make it to a jury and instead are decided solely by the judge on summary judgment, it is imperative that judges fully consider each party's side with empathic effort. To illustrate, this Article examines case examples in the employment discrimination context and concludes with proposals to require and enhance the use of empathy in adjudication.


We report measurements of charmless hadronic B0 decays into the π+π-K+π- final state. The analysis uses a sample of 657×106 BB pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the resonance. The decay B0→ρ0K+π- is observed for the first time; the significance is 5.0σ and the corresponding partial branching fraction for MKπ(0.75,1.20)GeV/c2 is [2.8±0.5(stat) ±0.5(syst)]×10-6. We also obtain the first evidence for B0→f0(980)K+π- with 3.5σ significance and for B0→π+π- K*0 with 4.5σ significance. For the two-body decays B0→ρ0K*0 and B0→f0(980)K*0, the significances are 2.7σ and 2.5σ, respectively, and the upper limits on the branching fractions are 3.4×10-6 and 2.2×10-6 at 90% confidence level. © 2009 The American Physical Society.


Decoders for low power, high-speed flash ADCs are investigated. The sensitivity to bubble errors of the ROM decoder with error correction, ones-counter, 4-level folded Wallace-tree, and multiplexer-based decoder are simulated. The ones-counter and multiplexer-based decoder, corresponding to the error insensitive and hardware efficient cases, are implemented in a 130 nm CMOS SOI technology. Measurements yield an ENOB of about 4.1 bit for both, and energy consumption of 80 pJ and 60 pJ, for the respective decoders. Hence we conclude that the MUX-based decoder seems to be a good choice with respect to area, efficiency, and speed.


To determine whether smokers with a history of depression are differentially susceptible to smoking withdrawal, depressed mood induction and/or hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation during smoking abstinence, 24 women smokers with and without such a history were studied. During one 5‐day interval, participants smoked ad libitum; during a second they abstained. On day 4, the participants were exposed to the Velten mood induction procedure (VMIP). Participants were then instructed to take 1 mg dexamethasone at 11 pm. At 4 pm on day 5, blood samples were withdrawn to determine the cortisol and ACTH response. Despite lower baseline cotinine levels, history‐positive participants displayed more pronounced overall withdrawal distress than did history‐negative participants, regardless of condition. The VMIP increased depression as well as negative responses on other profile of mood states subscales. Despite many overall group differences, no significant main effects for smoking condition nor interaction effects emerged. All participants evinced cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone during both conditions, but the degree of suppression did not differ as a function of either abstinence or depression history. In history‐positive smokers, however, ACTH levels trended toward overall elevation and showed almost no suppression during abstinence; thus exacerbation of HPA dysregulation in history‐positive smokers during smoking abstinence cannot be ruled out. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The paper proposes an approach to the assessment of the economic efficiency of innovative anti-corrosion coatings for sectors of the national economy of the Russia on the basis of a synthesis of strategic sectoral and cost analysis. According to the authors, a comparative analysis of composite polymeric anticorrosion protecting coatings with similar products, estimating of direct and indirect economic effect and prognosis of implementation, forms a deeper understanding of the role of innovative technologies in the Russian state development of import substitution, the investment attractiveness of Russian industries in the new part technologies, applied research activities of private companies. Metal consumption sectors of the economy were chosen as an object of research, as they are characterized by the use of the following products: industrial construction and reconstruction, nuclear and thermal power, chemical, oil and gas, utilities, food processing, automotive, shipbuilding, aviation and rocket science, other industry. Basic modeling of implementation of anticorrosion protecting coatings in industrial enterprises was carried out on the basis of generating energy enterprises as one of the main end-users of anti-corrosive materials that also issue accurate statements.


Managing broadcasting management is not easy. Managing the broadcasting business is a difficult and challenging. This research aims to analyze the activity of management and organizational performance ACEH TV television media in an effort to disseminate the Islamic Sharia and Preservation of Local Culture in Aceh. This research is descriptive qualitative. Informants of this research is managing director, program director, executive producer, cameraman / reporter, as well as additional informants Regional Chairman of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) Aceh, Aceh Province Department of Islamic Law, and local media observers. The location of this research is in Banda Aceh, Aceh province.Sampling was done purposively. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed by analysis of an interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the ACEH TV as the medium of television that is broadcasting management ACEH have done according to a local television broadcasting standard. Agenda setting function of mass media performed in the ACEH TV dissemination of Islamic Shariah in Aceh and local culture to influence the people of Aceh to implement Islamic Sharia and also maintain the culture and local wisdom Aceh. It can be seen from all the programs that are aired ACEH TV is a program of local cultural nuances of Islamic law.There are still some shortcomings in running broadcasting broadcasting technology such as lack of equipment that is increasingly sophisticated. The results of image editing is very simple, and some programs presenter still looks stiff when in front of the camera. Keywords: Management of ACEH television,Islamic law,local culture Acehnese,agenda setting.


Are rioters different from the rest of the British people when it comes to their relationship with the police? Public debates have answered in the affirmative, and demanded more aggressive policing styles. But Bradford and Jackson argue that trust in the police might be as important in explaining rioting as it is in explaining compliance.