With the growth of interest in folklore, it becomes increasingly evident that the presentation of a collection needs some rationale more than the fact that traditional materials have been collected and properly annotated. Much has been gathered and is now accessible through journals, archives, and lists. If a corpus of lore is not presented in some way, which bears new light on the process of word-of-mouth transmission, on traditional forms or expressions, or on the group among whom the lore was encountered, there is little reason to present it to the public. This work represents an attempt to present a body of folklore collected among one small group of Black Americans in a neighborhood in South Philadelphia. The author's approach toward collection and presentation has been intensive. He has tried to collect "in depth," and to recreate in his presentation the social background in which the lore was found, and to relate the lore with the life and the values of the group. Abraham's work is a departure from any past methods of analyzing folklore, and therefore a description of the author's point of view and his method will be given first. The majority of this work was written before his methodology was actually formulated. However throughout the project - the object was to illuminate as fully as possible the lore of one small group of African Americans from urban Philadelphia. The methodology, which developed, did so because of this objective more than anything else. Though the formulation of this theory may seem ex post facto, it is included because it clarified much during the rewritings of this book, and more importantly, because it will clarify many matters for the lay reader and for the professional folklorist.


This paper introduces a Privacy-Enhancing Technology (PET) based on a hybrid of Crowds and anonymising proxies. The PET - referred to as Flocks - operates by establishing a number of Web proxies and letting these proxies randomly forward requests to other proxies (or the final destination). This distributes users' requests over a number of such proxies, thereby helping to protect their (browsing) privacy.
The problem that the paper considers is the effect of two primary design parameters on the privacy of the overall system. These parameters are the probability with which a proxy sends a request to the destination server rather than another proxy (α) and the number of proxies in the system (N). Two privacy objectives are identified, namely the number of hops used to satisfy a request and the portion of proxies that 'know' about a request. A third requirement deals with the external communication costs of the system. A formal analysis is performed to determine these three factors from the two identified parameters. Finally numerical examples are used to explore the impact of these two parameter choices in concrete terms.
The proposed PET differs from existing PETs in two significant manners: It is primarily intended to be used inside an organisation to protect the privacy of users inside the organisation (in particular, employees) and it takes explicit cognisance of forensic factors.


The mechanism of a chemical reaction cannot be assumed prior to identifying the solvent, thus to accurately model membrane-bound cannabinoid receptors, details of the lipid bilayer must be considered as well. Traditionally thought of as a permeable barrier, the membrane also serves as a medium for hydrophobic ligand delivery; the Reggio group has published on the entry of sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol into the cannabinoid CB2 receptor through the trans-membrane region. Currently receptor and ligand trajectories are calculated in a single-phospholipid bilayer, however biological membranes are comprised of many lipid species. Herein nanosecond timescale molecular dynamics studies of various membrane compositions are reported, culminating to a final model mimicking a synaptic plasma membrane in phospholipid composition. Structural changes to phospholipids in increasingly heterogeneous compositions are discussed, along with interactions between endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly) and membrane components. The final model provides a significant contrast to a pure phosphatidylcholine bilayer, in addition to proposing new investigations of ligand diffusion, phospholipid clustering, and similar hydrogen bonding studies.


Abstract. The potential soil production rate, i.e., the upper limit at which bedrock can be converted into transportable material, limits how fast erosion can occur in mountain ranges in the absence of widespread landsliding in bedrock or intact regolith. Traditionally, the potential soil production rate has been considered to be solely dependent on climate and rock characteristics. Data from the San Gabriel Mountains of California, however, suggest that topographic steepness may also influence potential soil production rates. In this paper I test the hypothesis that topographically induced stress opening of preexisting fractures in the bedrock or intact regolith beneath hillslopes of the San Gabriel Mountains increases potential soil production rates in steep portions of the range. A mathematical model for this process predicts a relationship between potential soil production rates and average slope consistent with published data. Once the effects of average slope are accounted for, a small subset of the data suggests that cold temperatures may limit soil production rates at the highest elevations of the range due to the influence of temperature on vegetation growth. These results suggest that climate and rock characteristics may be the sole controls on potential soil production rates as traditionally assumed but that the porosity of bedrock or intact regolith may evolve with topographic steepness in a way that enhances the persistence of soil cover in compressive-stress environments. I develop an empirical equation that relates potential soil production rates in the San Gabriel Mountains to the average slope and a climatic index that accounts for temperature limitations on soil production rates at high elevations. Assuming a balance between soil production and erosion rates on the hillslope scale, I illustrate the interrelationships among potential soil production rates, soil thickness, erosion rates, and topographic steepness that result from the feedbacks among geomorphic, geophysical, and pedogenic processes in the San Gabriel Mountains.


ABSTRACT Bastos, A.P.; Ponte Lira, C.; Calvão, J.; Catalão, J.; Andrade, C.; Pereira, A.J.; Taborda, R.; Rato, D.; Pinho, P., and Correia, O., 2018. UAV Derived Information Applied to the Morphological Study of Slow-changing Dune Systems. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 226–230. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. São João da Caparica (Portugal) slow-growing dune system was investigated using field-based GPS and UAV surveying methods. Here, vegetation may preclude straightforward extraction of ground surface data from DSM and low sedimentation rates demand high accuracy. The approach used comprised acquisition of UAV-derived DSM and RGB orthomosaics at flight-heights of 30 and 60 m. Results were compared with DTM derived from traditional RTK-GPS ground surveys. Two methods (M1 and M2) where used to convert UAV-derived DSM into a DTM, both departing from supervised classification of land cover. In M1, vegetation areas are removed from the original DSM, which is then re-interpolated. M2 redefines elevation of pixels corresponding to vegetation by subtracting a mean height parameter defined for each vegetation class. It was found that DTM derived from UAV and RTK-GPS data exhibit errors in the same order of magnitude, regardless of the higher resolution of the former. M2 yielded the best compromise when considering deviations in both profile and surface analysis. M2 is strongly dependent on vegetation classification and on parametrization of the vertical correction affecting each vegetation class. UAV methodology presents the best cost-benefit ratio relative to traditional RTK-GPS surveys, providing additional image information (RGB orthomosaic) synchronous of the topographic data.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep with intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. Comorbidities associated with OSA include: coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, hypertension, and Type II diabetes. In addition to high public safety costs associated with untreated OSA. OSA patients use a much higher and disproportionate amount of healthcare resources. Untreated OSA patients use twice the healthcare resources of treated patients. These facts notwithstanding, the current model for delivery of care to OSA patients is noticeably deficient in long term clinical management of patients. 3B Medical proposes a robust program of patient clinical management using web-based telemedicine and automated algorithms to improve outcomes and lower costs


Fundamentals of Manufacturing, Third Edition provides a structured review for the Manufacturing Technologist and Manufacturing Engineer Certification Examinations. This book has been updated according to the most recent version of the Manufacturing Fundamentals "Body of Knowledge" published by the Certified Manufacturing Technologist and Certified Manufacturing Engineer Oversight & Appeals Committee of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. This body of knowledge is an outstanding reference for industry and academia as a standard baseline for foundational manufacturing knowledge. Reviewed by subject matter experts, the major areas of manufacturing science covered include mathematics, applied engineering science, materials, product design, manufacturing processes, production systems, automated systems and control, quality, manufacturing management, and personal effectiveness. In each area, the topics emphasised are those fundamental to basic manufacturing processes and practices. Sample problems and questions at the conclusion of each chapter are provided for practice. Answers are included to confirm the problem-solving process. A selection of over 40 SME video clips, comprising over 3 hours of content, is available online to complement study.


Medical records from 7 ferrets presented to the VMTH with histologically confirmed adrenal neoplasia were reviewed. Three neutered female ferrets had adrenal cortical adenoma; four ferrets (2 neutered females, 2 neutered males) had adrenal cortical carcinoma. Ultrasound identified unilateral enlargement or abnormal shape of the adrenal gland in all ferrets. Only 1 ferret had adrenomegaly on abdominal radiographs. Adrenomegaly was identified in 1 ferret by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All ferrets were treated by adrenalectomy followed by a tapered dose of prednisone. Surgical complications were limited to fatal hemorrhage from the caudal vena cava in 1 ferret. Remission of clinical signs occurred in all 6 ferrets which survived surgery. The time of follow up varied from 3 to 16 months. The 3 ferrets with adrenal adenomas were still alive 3 to 7 months after surgery. AH 3 ferrets with adrenal carcinoma developed metastasis and were euthanized from 2 to 16 months after surgery.


Ai? comprehensive handbook for understanding, designing, and deploying multiservice network architecture and applications Design, deploy, operate, and troubleshoot ONS 15454 applications and services Learn SONET/SDH and DWDM fundamentals Understand Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP) network architectures that support Ethernet, storage area networking, wavelength, and DWDM transport applications Extend your MSPP with Cisco storage solutionsi? A new generation of SONET and DWDM systems providing the functions of multiple network elements in a single platform has emerged. This new platform is called a Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP). MSPPs are a popular solution for building new networks and upgrading existing networks to take advantage of new services and integration of voice and data. Cisco Systems provides an MSPP product, the ONS 15454, for both service provider and enterprise networks. Cisco Systems is the market leader in MSPP technology in North America. More than 1,000 Cisco customers use the ONS 15454 MSPP in their networks and over 40,000 ONS 15454s have shipped, creating a need for accurate, comprehensive technical information for users to understand and maximize the potential of this MSPP product. Building Multiservice Transport Networks will become an indispensable reference for Cisco customers and constituents who are deploying MSPP solutions. Building Multiservice Transport Networks teaches all facets of MSPP networks in an easy-to-understand manner and from both the service provider and enterprise perspective. It provides the background material necessary for readers to learn key aspects of SONET, SDH, DWDM, Ethernet, and storage networking, and does so through network diagrams, application examples, design guidelines, and detailed configurations.


In the 1960s, facing a series of transformations within Spanish society, the Franco regime modified its self-legitimation strategy and with it its portrayal of the Spanish Civil War. Based on the analysis of nine history textbooks for various levels published between 1954 and 1970, this article demonstrates that, by aiming to neutralize increasing demands for democracy, reconciliation and peace, the Franco regime incorporated elements of the corresponding discourses into its own memory discourse. The later the year of publication and the higher the age of the intended readership, the more signs of this process of incorporation appear in the textbooks. Examples of such traces can be found in the terms used to denote the Spanish Civil War, in the textbooks' characterizations of the two opposing sides, and in their presentation of both the Francoist governmental system and the development of Spain under Francoism.


Apartheid education in South Africa created and maintained deliberate inequalities between schools serving the Indian, Coloured and African communities on one hand and the White population on the other hand. The advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 addressed a range of issues, one of which was school governance. The South African Schools Act of 1996 was a bold attempt by the government to address issues like school governance. This act created a new school-governance landscape based on a partnership between the state, schools, learners, parents, school staff and the local communities. The aim of this study was to establish reasons why parental involvement is muted in some public schools but more active in other public schools. The participants in the study were parents, school principals and the chairpersons of the school governing bodies of the two schools. The purpose of the study was to listen to differing perspectives on why parents were involved, or not involved, in school governance. The research used both quantitative and qualitative methodology to gather data, and it assumed the form of a comparative case study of the two schools. A survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used as data collection techniques. Findings of the study revealed that those parents who were involved in school governance did so because they wanted to be of assistance to both their children, as well as the schools their children attended. In addition, parents who were not involved in school governance cited different reasons for their noninvolvement, ranging from a lack of time, a lack of knowledge and skills, as well as institutional difficulties at the schools their children attend. There was evidence of a conflict between policy and practice in respect of parental involvement in school governance. Policy expected parents to be involved in school governance, and assumed that all parents were familiar with the roles of school governors. Parents, on the other hand, seemed to lack a clear understanding of what school governance entailed, and what the school governance policy expected from them.


We present Mediated Body, an exploration into designing for engaging experience in embodied interaction. Mediated Body entails a Suit worn by a Performer engaging in social play with a Participant. The Performer and the Participant each wear a pair of headphones, and when they touch each other's bare skin, they both hear a complex sound pattern. Our approach, which we call research-throughexplorative-design, is a combination of experimental design in the lab and explorative design in the field, where qualitative assessments are used to elicit transferable knowledge contributions. This paper represents a case study of this somewhat innovative research approach in action. On the topical level, our results include three artifact-level elements that contribute to engaging experience: connecting touch and audio with the right balance between direct and emergent responsivity, justifying bare-skin touch between strangers, and providing openended action props with non-trivial internal complexity. Moreover, we suggest three experiential qualities as analytical tools pertaining to engaging experience in embodied interaction: the duality of performative immersion, the "magic circle" of transformative social play, and the explorative nature of emergent meaning-making.


Academic writers observing the spectacular rise and fall of the Japanese economy since 1945 have attempted to pinpoint the source within the famously opaque Japanese political system that bears the primary responsibility for this economic ascendence and decline. Within the short life-cycle of the Japanese Internet boom of the late 1990's, one can observe a vignette of the broader debate. Chalmers Johnson first identified a tightly controlled economy, "guided" by the Japanese bureaucracy as the source of the Japanese economic miracle. Subsequent writers have argued the opposite, that any credit for the Japanese economic miracle can be attributed to a competitive economy that somehow managed to flourish despite the best efforts of the bureaucracy to suppress it, and futher, that bureaucracy and lack of transparency within the Japanese political system, is primarily responsible for Japan's current economic woes. This paper argues that bureaucratic efforts, mirroring Chalmers Johnson's "developmental state" were partly responsible for Japan lagging far behind its industrial neighbours in economic development associated with the growth of the Internet until 1999. It was only in the latter half of the 1990's, when a concerted effort was mounted to deregulate the telecommunications industry, did the development of the Internet (and the associated economic benefits that flowed therefrom) take off in Japan. Thus, the development of the Internet economy in Japan seems to mirror the arguments of the pro-competition academic writers in the broader debate about the political source of the rise and fall of the Japanese economy. Competition and deregulation helped to spur the development of the Internet in Japan in the latter half of the 1990's. Bureaucracy had inhibited its development until then.


The role of irreversible electroporation using pulsed electric field is to generate high-voltage (HV) pulses with a predefined magnitude and duration. These HV pulses are applied to the treatment chamber until decontamination of the sample is completed. In this paper, a new topology for HV rectangular pulse generation for water disinfection applications is introduced. The proposed topology has four arms comprised of series-connected half bridge modular multilevel converter cells. The rectangular pulse characteristics can be controlled via the software controller without any physical changes in power topology. The converter is capable of generating both bipolar and monopolar HV pulses with microsecond pulse durations at high a frequency rate with different characteristics. Hence, the proposed topology provides flexibility by software control, along with hardware modularity, scalability, and redundancy. Moreover, a cell's capacitance is relatively small, which drastically reduces the converter footprint. The adopted charging and discharging process of the cell capacitors in this topology eliminate the need of any voltage measurements or complex control for cell-capacitors voltage balance. Consequently, continuity of converter operation is assured under cell malfunction. In this paper, analysis and cell-capacitor sizing of the proposed topology are detailed. Converter operation is verified using MATLAB/Simulink simulation and scaled experimentation.


Abstract Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) has been known to be the most common nosocomial infection in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). VAP increases length of care, cost, morbidity and mortality of patients in ICU. The ICU of RSMH Palembang have already been doing prevention of VAP incidence through VAP bundles, but the number of incidence were still high. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with VAP incidence among the patients in ICU RSMH Palembang. Method: this study was quantitative study with kohort prospective approach. Samples were recruited from ICU RSMH Palembang using consecutive sampling technique for 4 months period (n=61). Data were collected using a questionnaire package consisting of a demographic questionnaire, CPIS instrument, APACHE II, an observation sheets that measure duration of using antibiotics, duration of using ventilator, reintubation and hand hygiene compliance. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and logistic regression analysis. Results: VAP occured in 12 patients (19.7%). Bivariate test result with α:5% have shown that APACHE II (p:0.043), duration of using antibiotic (p:0.023), duration of using ventilator (p:0.001) and reintubation p:(0.001) were related to the incidence of VAP. Logistic regression analysis shows that reintubation (OR=0.035; CI 95%:0.28-0.658; p=0.013) and duration of ventilator > 5 days (OR=0.082; CI 95%: 0.09-0.74; p=0.026) were significant factor that affecting VAP. Conclusion. Reintubation was the most related factor with VAP incidence. It is recommended for doctors and nurses to conduct a proper and thorough assessment before extubation to minimalize the risk of reintubation.


Black drivers face a different constitutional reality than whites the moment they step behind the wheel in North Carolina. Although black drivers represent only about twenty-two percent of the North Carolina population, thirty-two percent of all traffic stops involve black drivers. This racial disparity may raise suspicion of either implicit or explicit racial profiling on the part of police departments, but the reality is that North Carolina law does not expressly prohibit racial profiling. Instead, so long as the police officers have an objective basis to stop a driver—and they may choose from any of the hundreds of misdemeanor traffic regulations—their implicit or explicit racism is largely irrelevant. Once stopped, the power dynamic only increases in favor of the police. Police officers may request a drug dog to "sniff" around a driver's vehicle with no suspicion, knowing that should the dog alert to the presence of drugs, there would then be probable cause to search the entirety of the vehicle without a search warrant. If the drug dog does not arrive prior to completing the objective of the traffic stop, the police officers may continue to hold the driver if there is reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. The police officers may develop this reasonable suspicion through seemingly innocent behavior on the part of the driver, including nervousness or disrespectfulness towards the police officers. The police officers may also expand the scope of the stop by asking for consent to search the vehicle. Minimal consideration is given to whether a black driver, shaped by prior personal and historical experiences with law enforcement, can refuse consent or to terminate the encounter with the police. * Assistant Professor of Law, Campbell University School of Law. J.D. 2005, Emory University School of Law; B.A. 2001, University of Illinois. I thank my colleagues Bobbi Jo Boyd and Daniel Tilly for their encouragement and support. I also thank Callie Davis and Sarah Sponaugle for their research assistance. 324 UNIVERSITY OF BALTIMORE LAW REVIEW Vol. 48 This article argues that the racial disparities for traffic stops and searches are the fault of two supreme courts: first, the United States Supreme Court for creating a traffic stop framework built on a number of supposed objective standards that give excess deference to police officers' subjective beliefs and expectations while ignoring the realities and experiences of black drivers; second, the North Carolina Supreme Court for its blind acquiescence to the framework established by the U.S. Supreme Court. This Article proceeds to argue that North Carolina may protect its own drivers by exercising traffic stop federalism and interpreting its own constitution to consider the experience of its black drivers. Lastly, the Article concludes by arguing that North Carolina may serve as an example to other states who seek to protect their own black drivers from the U.S. Supreme Court.


This thesis describes the origins of the Scottish architectural iron founding industry. It also investigates the underpinning reasons for the proliferation of the Scottish industry in terms of the technological context and the complex inter–relationships of the key figures and firms involved. The founding of Carron in 1759, combined with the discovery of blackband ironstone and the means to smelt it, prompted the rapid growth of the iron founding industry at the start of the 19th century. The influence of Carron in propagating a broader industry and the evolution of the early architectural specialists are discussed. Accounts are given of the key Scottish firms and projects and structures are considered in detail. The Saracen Foundry of Walter Macfarlane and Co is identified as a firm of international importance. The comparative outputs of the key firms in relation to known structures are considered as well as the decline of the industry towards the end of the 20th century. Significant works of innovation are identified which have not previously been appreciated in early iron facade construction at Perth Waterworks, and possibly the earliest iron glasshouse at Fairfield House in Dalkeith.


In this paper, estimates of the impacts of various factors on the refrigerated OJ sales in Wal-Mart (WM) stores are presented. Data on WM stores, as well as grocery stores doing $2 million or greater annual business, across 52 Nielsen city markets (including the remaining U.S.) were studied. Since WM does not have stores in San Diego, this market was omitted. Weekly data for each city from week ending 3/11/06 through 3/01/08 (104 weeks) were included in the analysis. The relationship between WM refrigerated OJ dollar sales per store and 1) WM and $2million store prices, $2 million store promotions, a dummy variable to test whether sales may spike during periods when some consumers receive their paychecks (middle or end of the month), the number of same and new WM stores in the city, and seasonality variables, were studied.


Luke portrays the life and ministry of Jesus as a divine visitation" to the world, seeking hospitality. The One who comes as visitor and guest becomes host and offers a hospitality in which the entire world can become truly human, be at home, and know salvation in the depths of their hearts. In The Hospitality of God Brendan Byrne, SJ, provides to-the-point commentary on those parts of Luke's Gospel that bring home to people a sense of the extravagance of God's love for them. The Hospitality of God approaches Luke's Gospel through the interpretive key of "hospitality." It looks at the Gospel as a whole, yet lingers upon scenes where the theme of "hospitality" is particularly prominent, such as the infancy stories, Jesus at Nazareth, Jesus in the house of Simon, the Good Samaritan, Martha and Mary, the banquet in 14:1-35, the Prodigal Son, Jesus' visit to the tax collector Zacchaeus, the institution of the Eucharist, and the Emmaus event. Byrne stresses that those in Luke's Gospel who readily offer hospitality - chiefly the marginalized and the poor - find themselves drawn into a much deeper sphere of hospitality, the hospitality of God. Those who have difficulty sharing are challenged by Jesus to conversion so that they, too, may not be left out of the banquet of life to which God calls all human beings. Luke's Gospel, ever interested in the process of human transformation, explores this resistance to God's gift and the ways in which individuals need to be converted if they are to come to "knowledge of salvation." Luke's Gospel is written out of faith in the risen Lord. Its primary intent is to bring people of al subsequent Christian generations into saving encounter with the Lord who was raised from the dead and lives among us in the power of the Spirit. Reading and hearing the Gospel in faith allows individuals and communities to access the hospitality of God brought by Jesus. In this work, Byrne offers an invitation for all to join in the life-giving "hospitality of God." Chapters are "The Prologue: 1:1-4 and the Lukan Time Frame of Salvation," "The Infancy Stories I: Before the Birth of Jesus: 1:5-80," "The Infancy Stories II: The Birth and Childhood of Jesus: 2:1-52," "Prelude to the Ministry of Jesus: 3:1-4:13," "Hospitality and Inhospitality at Nazareth: Jesus Inaugurates His Mission: 4:16-30," "The Early Galilean Ministry: 4:31-6:11," "The Community of the Kingdom: 6:12-49," "Response to the Ministry of Jesus: 7:1-8:3," "Later Galilean Ministry: 8:4-9:17," "Climax of the Galilean Ministry: 9:18-50," "The Journey to Jerusalem Begins: 9:51-10:24," "The Way to Eternal Life: 10:25-11:13," "The Prophet Continues His Way I: 11:14-12:53," "The Prophet Continues His Way II: 12:54-14:35," "Celebrating God's Acceptance: 15:1-32," "The Hospitality of the Poor: Two Responses to Wealth: 16:1-31," "Towards the End of the Journey: 17:1-18:30," "Hospitality in Jericho: 18:31-19:27," "Jesus in Jerusalem: 19:28-21:4," "Hope and Endurance: Discourse on the Future: 21:5-38," "Jesus' Journey to God: The Passion Narrative I: 22:1-53," "Jesus' Journey to God: The Passion Narrative II: 22:54-23:56,"Hospitality Continues: The Community of the Risen Lord: 24:1-53." Brendan Byrne, S.J., is professor of New Testament at Jesuit Theological College, within the United Faculty of Theology, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of the commentary Romans from the Sacra Pagina series, and Pal and the Christian Woman and is a contributor to the New Jerome Bible Handbook, published by The Liturgical Press. He was Catholic Biblical Association Visiting Professor at the Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome, and has also taught in Africa and East Asia. Pope John Paul II named him a member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission in 1990. "


One of the classic debates in corporate law relates to whether the
rules of corporate law are or should be 'mandatory', in that companies
must comply, or 'enabling'- meaning a set of default rules
which companies have the choice of adopting or 'opting out' of
through alternative contractual arrangements. The so-called
'mandatory/enabling' debate has been especially prominent in the
United States for numerous reasons, yet has also received some attention
in Australia. That said, the extent to which companies can
'opt out' of corporate law has rarely been considered as a practical
issue in Australia - particularly whether Australian companies can
'opt out' of provisions under the Corporations Act ("the Act").
However, just recently, two high-profile events in Australia have made 'opting out' of corporate law a relevant issue, especially the
question of whether companies are free to 'opt out' of provisions of
the Corporations Act which provide express governance rights to
shareholders. These events were Boral's constitutional amendment
in 2003 to restrict the ability of shareholders to propose amendments
to the company's constitution, and the contemplation and
introduction of so-called 'pre-nuptiaV agreements- designed to bypass
the right of shareholders to vote on removing directors in public
companies. In light of these two recent events, in this article the
authors revisit the mandatory/enabling debate. However, rather
than going over old ground as to whether a mandatory or enabling
approach to corporate regulation is desirable, the authors approach
the issue from a fresh perspective: that Australian Securites
and Investments Commission's ("ASIC") existing relief powers
under the Act should be extended to provide a means for companies
to opt out of provisions containing shareholder governance rights.


This volume is the fourth in the Franklin K. Lane series on the governance of major metropolitan regions. The series is sponsored by the Institute of Governmental Studies and the Institute of International Studies, University of California in Berkeley. Readers of these volumes and other relevant literature will no doubt agree with the authors of this book that similar patterns are found in New York, London, Toronto, Stockholm, and indeed in "every other major metropolitan region in the United States and in other advanced industrial societies." The presence of such common factors and trends, although they assume different configurations in various metropolitan regions, has been demonstrated by the work of many scholars, including Peter Hall, Brian Berry, Marion Clawson, Jean Gottmann, Larry Bourne and William Robson, as well as by the authors of the other Franklin K. Lane books-Donald Foley, Albert Rose and Thomas Anton. In the present volume Michael Danielson and Jameson Doig have described and analyzed the cultural, economic, political and other social forces shaping development in the New York region. They present a picture of a region singular in its attractions, problems, geographic scope, magnitude of development, and complexity of the network of organizations involved in its governance.


In January 2016, former President Obama announced the end of the "Wet-Foot, Dry-Foot" Policy, which granted special immigration benefits to Cuban migrants. As part of the agreement to end this policy, the Cuban government agreed to take back its citizens with final orders of removal for criminal convictions, an action that it had refused to take for decades. This Comment will begin by exploring past and present immigration policies between the United States and Cuba, including recent developments like the normalization of relations and the impact of President Trump's immigration policies. This Comment will then explore possible avenues of relief for the over 34,000 Cubans who have final orders of removal for convictions that are often minor or decades old, but who are suddenly at risk for deportation. First, this Comment will argue that the Department of Homeland Security should exercise discretion in deportation priorities in a humanitarian fashion through a weighing of positive and negative factors and by filing joint motions to reopen when appropriate. Next, this Comment will discuss the possibility for some Cubans to argue ineffective assistance of counsel under a Padilla v. Kentucky analysis, due to the potential confusion about Cuba-specific immigration law by non-immigration attorneys handling criminal cases. Finally, this Comment will discuss the possible fear-based claims that a Cuban might successfully make based upon Cuba's poor human rights record and political turmoil. * J.D. Candidate, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University, 2018.


he Arts and Crafts Country House is a fascinating and beautifully illustrated survey of some of Britain's most important houses. The Arts and Crafts Movement produced some of our country's greatest works of design, architecture and decorative art. It grew out of a reaction against the Industrial Revolution in the late 1850s, inspired by an alternative vision of life based on the revival of traditional building crafts and the use of local materials. Country Life magazine, founded in 1897, championed the movement in the weekly articles it devoted to country houses, illustrated with specially commissioned photographs. In his stunning book, Clive Aslet draws upon this unique archive to provide a detailed survey of 25 major country houses, designed by the movement's foremost architects, including Lutyens, Webb, Williams-Ellis and Blow. He also shows how the Arts and Crafts tradition continues to influence architects today. The 22nd title in this acclaimed series, The Arts and Crafts Country House reveals the enduring legacy of an architectural ideal.


Phytophthora ramorum is a damaging invasive plant pathogen and was first discovered in the UK in 2002. Spatial point analyses were applied to the occurrence of this disease in England and Wales during the period of 20032006 in order to assess its spatio-temporal spread. Out of the 4301 garden centres and nurseries (GCN) surveyed, there were 164, 105, 123 and 41 sites with P. ramorum in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Spatial analysis of the observed point patterns of GCN outbreaks suggested that these sites were significantly clumped within a radius of ca 60 km in 2003, but not in later years. Further analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of GCN outbreak sites over two consecutive years and thus to infer possible disease spread over time. This analysis suggested that disease spread among GCN sites was most likely to have occurred within a distance of 60 km for 20032004, but not for the later years. There were 35, 63, 81 and 58 sites with P. ramorum in the semi-natural environment (SNE). Analyses were carried out to assess whether infected GCN sites could act as an inoculum source of infected SNE plants or vice versa. In all years, there was a significant spatial closeness among GCN and SNE outbreak sites within a distance of 1 km. But a significant relationship over a longer distance (within 60 km) was only observed between cases in 2003 and 2004. These analyses suggest that statutory actions taken so far appear to have reduced the extent of long-distance spread of P. ramorum among garden centres and nurseries, but not the disease spread at a shorter distance between GCN and SNE sites.


Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, by Gad Barzilai. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. ix + 223 pages. Notes to p. 276. Bibl. to p. 289. Index to p. 301. $71.50 cloth; $23.95 paper. Reviewed by Patricia J. Woods In this fascinating book, compelling both on the theoretical and the substantive levels, Gad Barzilai analyzes the effects of Israel's protracted national security crisis on consensus and dissent in the Israeli political spectrum. He discusses conflicts beginning with the 1956 Suez crisis and concluding with the Palestinian Intifada (uprising) of 1987-93. He seeks to explain the deepening gap in Israeli society-a "society so disunited and polarized as to be in imminent danger of utter breakdown" (p. 19). He traces the development of extra-parliamentary groups established in response to war and military operations. From 1969 through 1993, the spectrum of groups gained increasing influence over state policy and at the same time became progressively more polarized. Barzilai analyzes extra-parliamentary responses to military conflicts in terms of the characteristics of the conflicts themselves; perceptions of personal security threat and/or fear responses; cultural values relating to the use of military force and the potential for political solutions; and political structures (parties and coalitions). He also adds an international dimension, arguing that the relationship between international factors and domestic politics has an important influence on the attitudes of social groups, political parties and the public at large toward any given military conflict. In his analysis, Barzilai counters two common notions: that war necessarily leads to consensus; and that consensus is something necessarily to be sought in a democratic society. Rather, he shows that war may lead to dissent. And he argues that consensus is not always constructive for democratic debate (p. 166). In the case of Israel, Barzilai traces the social discourse through the 1956 Suez campaign, the 1967 War, the War of Attrition of 1969-70, the 1973 War, the 1982 War in Lebanon, the Gulf War (1990-91) and the Intifada. Political discourse in Israeli society throughout the 1956 and 1967 wars, according to Barzilai, existed only within the policy-making arena. Dissent existed, but debates occurred only at the level of private meetings within the government and between political parties. The opinions of the public at large had little influence on policy. In the 1956 Suez campaign, for instance, there was national consensus because of (1) state intervention in society; (2) Mapai's hegemony over society; and (3) public concern over personal and national security (p. 27). During the 1967 war, the media was very supportive of the war. During the War of Attrition, however, what Barzilai calls extra-parliamentary debate began to develop. That is, social groups began to organize and actively seek to influence policy. Barzilai notes that the War of Attrition affected the Israeli sociopolitical world in three ways: It caused public "war fatigue"; a peace movement was launched raising concerns about the effects of war on democratic values; and peace was placed on the national agenda (p. 98). Barzilai traces dissent from the war to public attitudes influenced, in part, by international factors. These included the fact that some did not perceive the external military threat to be serious; civilians were not as concerned, as in previous wars, with facing personal danger; and some Israelis believed the government was not pursuing peace options (p. …


Children attending pre-schools should acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and dispositions to develop holistically. Therefore, promoting thinking skills in children is important. One of the ways to develop and promote thinking skills in children is through "dialogue such as questioning and challenging" (Higham et al., 2010, p. 393). This study looks into pre-school teachers' conversations with children during story-telling activities. Six Kindergarten 1 (K1) and Kindergarten 2 (K2) teachers' story-telling activities with children were audio recorded. These recordings were then analyzed with regard to the number and type of questions asked by the teachers. Teachers also participated in qualitative interviews about their views on story-telling activities. Results have shown that teachers mostly asked factual and procedural questions. The questions asked also belonged to the lowest cognitive level of Bloom's Taxonomy of learning domains. While most teachers agree questions could help to facilitate children's thinking, some of them think that questions of the higher cognitive levels may be too demanding for children of this age. These results have future implications for various stakeholders.


Objective: The Training Programme in Regenerative Medicine (TPRM) is a web-based learning program on Regenerative
Medicine (RM) live telecasted from the University of Toronto, Canada to Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM),
India through a partnership agreement. This manuscript analyses the participation of clinicians and basic researchers in this
programme and their knowledge gained. Methods: Scholars' participation and scores gained in the three assignments
during the course for three consecutive batches from 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 were analyzed. Results: The results
showed that the participation of clinicians was high compared to basic science researchers. When the average scores
obtained by each individual scholar was calculated and then analysed over three years, it was observed that clinicians
scored statistically significant higher marks than the basic science researchers (p value = 0.0029). There was no significant
difference in the scores between graduates and doctorates. Conclusion: Thus this analysis based on the scores suggests
that clinicians have relatively higher exposure and interest in the field of RM compared to basic science researchers in
India. Designing courses so as to provide equal exposure to clinicians and scientists will help to bridge the gap which will
in turn lead to better bench to bedside translation of RM technologies.


According to current Medicare coverage policies, Medicare requires a patient to have been a hospital inpatient for at least 3 consecutive days to receive coverage for rehabilitation in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospital discharge.

Consider the following 2 clinical scenarios. In the first, an 80-year-old man who falls at home and can no longer walk independently is evaluated in the emergency department but does not meet criteria for hospitalization. He needs rehabilitation in an SNF to regain his ability to walk but must be admitted to a hospital for 3 nights to qualify for Medicare payment for this rehabilitation. Without a 3-night stay, the patient or his family must either pay the cost of SNF care (about $430 per day), admit him to a nursing home (about $300 per day), or hire caregivers to support him at home ($20-$30 per hour). In the second scenario, a 90-year-old nursing home resident develops pneumonia and dehydration. The licensed practical nurse responsible for her care is overwhelmed by many sick residents and moreover cannot administer intravenous fluids. She asks the covering physician for a hospital transfer. If the resident is transferred to the hospital for 3 nights, costing Medicare about $12?300,1 she can return to the same nursing home under the SNF benefit for an additional $430 per day.


An analysis of splice loss between photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) is presented at bending and straight conditions, by using scalar effective index method (SEIM), vectorial effective index method (VEIM), and finite-difference frequency domain (FDFD) methods. It is shown that when there is a slight bending at the vicinity of splice joint, the spot size increases sharply at higher frequencies. On the basis of the obtained results, a mechanism to optimize the splice loss between PCFs and conventional SMFs, both with any geometry, is suggested. The results can be utilized for PCF-based devices to be jointed to SMF as a transmission medium.


Concept and design of the program animation system JAN are described. JAN visualizes the execution of a Java program by dynamically unfolding an object diagram and an interaction diagram. Several features distinguish JAN from existing program visualization systems and visual debuggers. Annotations in the program code can be used to control the animation by selecting the relevant events and customizing the visual appearance. In addition, the user can interactively steer the animation in various ways. JAN is an integrated visualization system which includes an elaborate graphical user interface, a preprocessor for annotated Java source code and a visualization engine that runs in a separate Java virtual machine. The design of the system is described in detail.


Abstracting background knowledge for concept learning.- A multistrategy learning approach to domain modeling and knowledge acquisition.- Using plausible explanations to bias empirical generalization in weak theory domains.- The replication problem: A constructive induction approach.- Integrating an explanation-based learning mechanism into a general problem-solver.- Analytical negative generalization and empirical negative generalization are not cumulative: A case study.- Evaluating and changing representation in concept acquisition.- Application of empirical discovery in knowledge acquisition.- Using accuracy in scientific discovery.- KBG : A generator of knowledge bases.- On estimating probabilities in tree pruning.- Rule induction with CN2: Some recent improvements.- On changing continuous attributes into ordered discrete attributes.- A method for inductive cost optimization.- When does overfitting decrease prediction accuracy in induced decision trees and rule sets?.- Semi-naive bayesian classifier.- Description contrasting in incremental concept formation.- System FLORA: Learning from time-varying training sets.- Message-based bucket brigade: An algorithm for the apportionment of credit problem.- Acquiring object-knowledge for learning systems.- Learning nonrecursive definitions of relations with linus.- Extending explanation-based generalization by abstraction operators.- Static learning for an adaptative theorem prover.- Explanation-based generalization and constraint propagation with interval labels.- Learning by explanation of failures.- PANEL : Logic and learnability.- Panel on : Causality and learning.- Seed space and version space: Generalizing from approximations.- Integrating EBL with automatic text analysis.- Abduction for explanation-based learning.- Consistent term mappings, term partitions, and inverse resolution.- Learning by analogical replay in prodigy: First results.- Analogical reasoning for logic programming.- Case-based learning of strategic knowledge.- Learning in distributed systems and multi-agent environments.- Learning to relate terms in a multiple agent environment.- Extending learning to multiple agents: Issues and a model for multi-agent machine learning (MA-ML).- Applications of machine learning: Notes from the panel members.- Evaluation of learning systems : An artificial data-based approach.- Shift of bias in learning from drug compounds: The fleming project.- Learning features by experimentation in chess.- Representation and induction of musical structures for computer assisted composition.- IPSA: Inductive protein structure analysis.- Four stances on knowledge acquisition and machine learning.- Programme of EWSL-91.


Artificial intelligence research on creative design has led to Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) models that emphasize functions as abstractions for organizing understanding of physical systems. Empirical studies on understanding complex systems suggest that novice understanding is shallow, typically focusing on their visible structures and showing minimal understanding of their functions and invisible causal behaviors. In this paper, we describe an interactive learning environment called ACT (for Aquarium Construction Toolkit) in which middle-school students construct SBF models of complex systems as a vehicle for gaining a deeper understanding of how such systems work. We report on the use of ACT in middle-school science classrooms for stimulating, scaffolding, and supporting SBF thinking about aquarium systems as examples of complex systems. We present preliminary data indicating that SBF thinking, facilitated in part by the ACT tool, leads to enhanced understanding of the behaviors and functions of aquaria.


Ka-band satellite technology has been drawing growing interest from public transportation industry to military applications, due to its advantages of higher speed links, smaller terminals and reduced costs. These well-recognized characteristics have also boosted the interest in exploiting the Ka-band devices for personal use in small boats or all-terrain vehicles. This paper presents a simple, low-cost and compact mobile ground terminal antenna useful for satellite communications on-the-move (SOTM) applications. The system operates in the downlink Ka band (19.7 - 20.2 GHz). It consists of a shaped dielectric lens fed by a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna. The lens system allows a mechanical beam steering from 0° to 57° in relation to the zenith, with a scan loss below of 4.5 dB. A comparison is provided between this system and a previous one using the same lens but fed by a horn antenna, demonstrating the potential of planar structures as low profile feeders for SOTM lens antennas.


The benefits of breastfeeding are well established. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that mothers breastfeed infants for at least one year, but most children are not breastfed that long because of many factors. Breastfeeding mothers face many challenges to continued breastfeeding, including medical conditions that arise during this period, such as postpartum depression and lactational mastitis. Because of a perceived lack of consistent guidance on medication safety, it can be difficult for the family physician to treat these conditions while encouraging mothers to continue breastfeeding. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and clarify treatment options for the osteopathic family physician treating lactating mothers. We specifically focus on the pharmacological management of contraception, postpartum depression, and lactational mastitis.


Fixed-term contracts are often considered a key policy tool for increasing employment. As we show that contract limitation lowers job satisfaction using data from the German SocioEconomic Panel study, we detect a drawback of promoting temporary employment that has not been identified so far. We find that the "honeymoon-hangover" effect of a new job must be taken into account to reveal this result. We examine reasons why employees suffer from temporary contracts and analyse the "Flexicurity" idea of compensating workers with security. Our findings contribute to research on workers' well-being as well as to the debate on labour market flexibilisation. JEL Classification: J28, J41


Digital clubbing is a rare clinical finding and usually represents a sign of underlying disease.There are only few cases of digital clubbing in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) during long-term hemodialysis. We haven't come across papers dealing with the relation of digital clubbing and SHPT caused by vitamin D deficiency. In this article, we report a case of 43 year-old female patient with prominent clubbing of the fingers and toes, and 22 year history of SHPT caused by vitamin D deficiency. Current radiographic findings of the hands and feet are actually uncommon, and they show massive osteolytic lesions of numerous phalanges, which is the consequence of long-time untreated SHPT. Besides, our patient has a rare case of neutrophils with bilobed nuclei and decreased cytoplasmic granularity. This paper for the first time describes digital clubbing as an unusual complication of the SHPT caused by vitamin D deficiency associated with atypical neutrophils.


The Pleasantview sandstone is a typical Pennsylvanian cyclothem sandstone in western Illinois exhibiting both channel and non-channel phases. In order to describe the sandstone and to interpret the sediment transport direction and the environmental conditions existing at the time of deposition, an investigation was made of the texture, composition, depositional structure, cross-bedding, and dimensional fabric. Results of this study indicate that the sandstone is a subgraywacke which was deposited in a north and northwest direction. It is concluded that the process which cut the Pleasantview channel was to a large degree independent of the processes which later filled the channel with sediment. No conclusive evidence could be found for the exact nature of the processes operating at the time of channel cutting and filling. However, it is suggested that the environmental conditions of the Pleasantview most closely resemble those conditions existing at present in the Dutch Wadden Sea.


This case study demonstrates how futures methodologies led to a strategic change in a Human Resources (HR) function, and brought about a transformation in the working relationship between two disparate groups of HR professionals. The program of three one-day workshops was based on the Six Pillars of Futures Studies (Inayatullah, 2007), and structured around the specific methodology of the Futures Landscape. Other futures methodologies used to design segments of the workshop series included: Environmental Scanning, Shared History, the Futures S-Curve, Scenarios, Visioning, Causal Layered Analysis, and Backcasting.


Autologous fat grafting was first described more than 100 years ago by Neuber to correct facial defects. At the same time, Czerney described the use of a lipoma on the back to recreate a post-mastectomy breast. The technique was popularized by Coleman, who described the use of liposuction and adipocyte purification for injecting into the face as a soft tissue filling. Then, Bircoll and Novack (1987 apud Costantini et al.4) extended this use to breasts. In 1990, there was a growth in the use of fat grafting after Coleman's technique. This confirmed that adipose tissue could be satisfactorily transferred with the formalization of a restricted protocol for fat injection preparation. Coleman's technique is by far the most commonly used. The adipose tissue is infiltrated with a tumescent solution and then manually aspirated. The liposuction material is subsequently centrifuged to isolate the adipose tissue from the oily and aqueous fraction and was then injected. Transferring fat from an excess area such as the abdomen or thighs to reconstruct or improve the shape and volume of the breast is not a new idea. Later, a study by Illouz on liposuction promoted the widespread use of the technique worldwide. Postoperative mammographic images to control fat absorption and necrosis vary. These can present as lipid cysts, suspected malignant findings such as grouped microcalcifications, spiculated areas of increased opacity, and focal masses. ■ ABSTRACT


Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of several physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effect is mediated by a receptor family that consists of at least four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. The adenosine receptors play a role in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Knowledge on adenosine receptor densities and status are important for understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diseases and for developing new therapeutics. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers a non-invasive tool to investigate these features in vivo, provided that suitable radiopharmaceuticals are available. As a consequence of the development of xanthine-type adenosine receptor antagonists with high affinity and high selectivity, several PET ligands labeled with carbon-11 (half-life of 20.4 min) and fluorine-18 (half-life of 109.8 min) have been proposed for mapping the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively) and the adenosine uptake site in the CNS since 1995. Later non-xanthine-type antagonists for A2AR were radiolabeled. So far two tracers for A1R, [18F]CPFPX and [11C]MPDX, and a tracer for A2AR, [11C]TMSX (also called [11C]KF18446), have been applied to humans. For the other subtypes and the adenosine uptake site no suitable radioligands have been developed yet. This paper gives an overview of the current status on PET tracers for mapping adenosine receptors and the development of new compounds that may lead to new PET tracers.


The recently closed Warrego Au-Cu-Bi mine located 51 km west of the town of Tennant
Creek in the Northern Territory, has produced in excess of 1.2 million ounces of gold,
80,000 tonnes of copper and 10,000 tonnes of bismuth to make it the largest producer of
these three commodities in the Tennant Creek goldfield. As with all economic mineralisation
in the goldfield, ore is hosted by magnetite-rich, ellipsoidal pipes (ironstone
lodes) which also comprise variable proportions of quartz and chlorite. Economic
mineralisation (chalcopyrite, bismuthinite and native gold) is located in fractures within
the ironstone lode, and is clearly related to an event that post-dates ironstone formation.
The ironstone lodes are hosted by Lower Proterozoic turbidites of the Warramunga
Group which comprise poorly sorted, immature sediments that retain the distinctive trace
element compositions of two felsic source regions. The similarity in composition and age
(-1870 Ma) of the sediments, a quartz porphyry which forms the immediate hangingwall
to the ironstone lodes, and the Tennant Creek Granite, suggests that they are all consanguineous.
The porphyry has been interpreted as a sill that was intruded prior to
lithification and folding of the Warramunga Group (McPhie, 1990), and as such,
preceded ironstone lode formation and mineralisation. The Warrego Granite outcrops
less than 1 km from the Warrego mine, and the effect of contact metamorphism is
strongly evident as the overprinting of cleavage and hydrothermal alteration associated
with mineralisation by cordierite, biotite and andalusite porphyroblasts. Conditions of
contact metamorphism are calculated to have been between 500° and 550°C and
< 2.5 kbar. Extensive recrystallisation of quartz and sulphide minerals within the ironstone
lodes has masked paragenetic relationships and destroyed fluid inclusion evidence
of the conditions of mineralisation.
Compared to the typically uniform attitudes observed elsewhere in the goldfield,
the Warrego ironstone lodes have an unusual plunging attitude, and the sediment and
cleavage orientations in the Warrego area are highly anomalous. A simple 90° anticlockwise
rotation about a horizontal axis of the block hosting the Warrego mine restores
structural elements to typical goldfield attitudes, and the ironstone lode to a horizontal,east-west alignment where alteration is now concentrated below the lode. Rotation of the
block during intrusion of the Warrego Granite is suggested.
Ironstone lode formation is localised at the lower contact of the quartz porphyry
which is believed to have acted as an impermeable barrier to the flow of hydrothermal
fluids. Fluids appear to have been channelled to the site of deposition by a cleavageparallel
fault generated during folding of the relatively rigid porphyry, and then migrated
laterally below the contact, progressively replacing the sediments with chlorite, magnetite
and quartz. Textural and trace element data are consistent with a replacement model of
lode formation, although some open space filling is likely. Reaction of hydrothermal
fluids with cooler more oxidised waters appears to be the most likely method of
promoting magnetite deposition, which was initially localised as a front against the
relatively unaltered sediments. Continuous fracturing and infilling of this zone by quartz
and magnetite during lode formation has resulted in the observed zonation from a
magnetite core to an outer quartz-magnetite rim.
Evolution of the system through the tapping of deeper, hotter and more reduced
fluids is associated with the subsequent introduction of economic mineralisation. This
evolution of the system is possibly related to the intrusion of granite at depth and
subsequent establishment of a convecting hydrothermal system. A direct magmatic
contribution to the fluid in the form of fluids and/or metals cannot be ruled out.
Two styles of mineralisation are evident:
1. The copper orebodies are characterised by a sulphide-rich assemblage comprising
chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrite/marcasite (after pyrrhotite) and cobalt-rich phases
localised within the brecciated core of the ironstone lode. An outer zone of relatively
barren quartz-magnetite surrounds the mineralised core. This zonation and mineral
assemblage is virtually identical to that reported for the Peko mine (Whittle, 1966).
2. Localised within two distinct zones on the footwall side of the ironstone lodes, a
sulphide-poor, chlorite- and muscovite-rich mineral assemblage is characteristic of
that described in the Juno mine (Large, 1974, 1975). Similarly there is a well
developed zonation in metals (Au ~ Bi ~ Cu), bismuth sulphosalts (decreasing
Se/Pb), and mineralogy (magnetite-chlorite-muscovite ~ magnetite sulphide ~
quartz-magnetite).
Both styles of mineralisation fill fractures without evidence of replacement or alteration
of the ironstone lode.
The two styles of mineralisation are interpreted to result from the late-stage
oveprinting of the copper-rich assemblage by the gold pods which is associated with the
oxidation of pyrrhotite. Support for this interpretation is derived from the mixed sulphur
isotope signature throughout the ironstone lode, and different chlorite chemistry in the
two assemblages. Recrystallisation associated with the intrusion of the Warrego Granite
has destroyed textural evidence which might support this interpretation.Oxygen and hydrogen isotope results suggest that the fluid source for both
ironstone lode formation and mineralisation was formation waters. A consistent difference
in isotopic composition between barren and mineralised systems results from a
100°C temperature difference between the two stages which is in agreement with fluid
inclusion evidence. Lead and sulphur isotopes, and trace element modelling indicate that
although relatively localised leaching of the Warramunga Group is sufficient to produce
the ironstone lodes, leaching of significantly larger volumes of rocks is required to
produce the observed metal abundances.
Fluid inclusion evidence in other mineralised ironstone lodes consistently indicates
phase separation occurred with economic mineralisation, and a model whereby pressure
release associated with fracturing of the ironstone lode has resulted in destabilisation of
metal complexes in solution to promote their rapid deposition is preferred.


Background The global computer and video game market was worth an estimated US$52.5 billion in 2009, and is expected to grow to US$86.8 billion by 2014. (1) The gaming industry's growth rate far outpaces movies and music. (2) Yet, the growth of video games is more than simply economic; games are becoming central to everyday leisure. The NPD group reported in 2009 that 63% of Americans had played a videogame in the 'past six months', whereas only 53% had gone out to the movies in the same amount of time. (3) Consumers have clearly made video games a part of their everyday lives. Due to the growing pervasiveness of video games in leisure and thus in social/cultural experience, (4) it is important that we scrutinize the portrayal of science within them. For similar reasons, several studies have analyzed the portrayal of biotechnology and science in Hollywood films. Fujimaki and Haklak found that, of nine biotechnology-related Hollywood movies, reactions by viewers to representations of biotechnology were always negative (feelings towards merely health-related films were neutral). (5) Biotechnology Australia demonstrated that movie portrayals of cloning serve as an influential source of 'information' for the general public, causing, reinforcing and mirroring public concerns about the technology. (6) Many scientists and academics have criticized the industry for "inaccurately portraying facts, procedures and theories, and misrepresenting the benefits and risks of scientific phenomena to humanity. (7) The relationship between pop culture representations of science and public perceptions is complex. For example, the public is not a passive receptor of pop culture information - representation of science in movies, TV shows, books and video games both reflect and inform public sentiment. Nevertheless, given the popularity of video games and concerns associated with popular culture representations of science, it is worth considering whether video games raise the same issues of influence detected with movies. This analysis is meant to be a modest first step into analyzing the portrayal of science in video games. It is not far from comprehensive as it focuses on games that touch on biotechnology. But this is one of the most socially controversial areas of science and, as such, seems a logical starting point for a study of this nature. Our analysis includes: (1) a discussion of biotechnology-related themes in a sample of relevant, popular video games; (2) categorization of the portrayal of science as destructive or constructive in these video games; and (3) a case study of Bioshock, which provides an anecdotal understanding of the experience behind the data. Approach A sample of 10 video games were chosen based on sales, (8) the presence of general biotechnology and science themes, and realism in graphic design and the portrayal of characters. (9) The sample included the following franchises (10) (in order of estimated total unit sales); Resident Evil (US$40.49 million), Halo (US$31.73 million), Metal Gear Solid (US$20.07 million). Assassin's Creed (US$17.7 million), Half Life (US$16.42 million), Gears of War (US$11.84 million), Starcraft (US$11.34 million), Bioshock (US$7.43 million), Fallouts (US$6.49 million), Mass Effect (US$4.24 million). One game from each franchise was played for three hours, during which relevant details of the story and environment were noted. These notes were supplemented by information from online plot summaries after the allotted playing time so as not to bias the player towards specific interpretations during game play. (11) After this information was collected, franchises were categorized within a singular framework: did the game represent biotechnology and science as a force more constructive than destructive, or vice versa? Biotechnology and Science Themes It was clear while playing and researching the games that science is important in all of them. …


A severe hurricane affected Jamaican montane rain forests in 1988. We made local and widespread measurements of tree condition in three periods: prehurricane 1974- 1984 (preh.); hurricane 1984-1989 (h.); and post-hurricane 1989-1992 (post-h.). In the h. period, 7.22% of stems and 4.72% of the total basal area died; crown loss was the most frequent cause of mortality. Among individual tree species, the hurricane caused a large range in mortality (0-26%) and non-fatal damage. Post-h. mortality was greater than mor- tality in the h. period, and varied among species. Post-h. stem growth rates (all species combined) were more than double the prehurricane rates, but species showed a considerable range from no significant increase to eight times greater. We classified 20 common tree species using damage scores (normalized h. mortality, plus normalized change in mortality from preh. to post-h., plus normalized complete crown loss in h.) and response scores (normalized change, preh. to post-h., in recruitment to the ?3 cm dbh size class, plus normalized change in growth rate from preh. to post-h., plus normalized frequency of sprouts). Species were assigned to one of four groups: resistant (11 species), with low damage and low response; susceptible (5 species), with high damage and low response; resilient (1 species), with high damage and high response; and usurpers (3 species), with low damage and high responsiveness. The grouping of species was broadly related to their regeneration requirements. Most species with seedlings usually found under closed canopy were resistant; three of the four species with seedlings usually found on landslides were also resistant. Species with seedlings most frequently found in gaps included resilient, susceptible, and usurper species, but were not usually resistant. It is likely that the three species classified as usurpers will increase their relative abun- dance in the forest in the next decades and that Cyathea pubescens, which was very susceptible, will decrease in relative abundance of adults. Most of the other species are likely to have small changes in their relative abundances. Thus, at present, hurricanes have few long-term effects on the forests, although a change in the disturbance regime may alter this.


Recently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have been considered as a promising approach for monitoring and exploring the oceans in lieu of traditional underwater wireline instruments. As a result, a broad range of applications exists ranging from oil industry to aquaculture and includes oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, offshore exploration, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, and pollution monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels, such as high bit error rate, limited bandwidth, and variable delay, lead to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy because of packets retransmission in these applications. Hence, designing an efficient and reliable data communication protocol between sensor nodes and the sink is crucial for successful data transmission in underwater applications. Accordingly, this paper is intended to introduce a novel nature‐inspired evolutionary link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for UASN‐based underwater applications. Because of its distributed nature, link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol successfully distributes network data traffic load evenly in harsh underwater environments and avoids hotspot problems that occur near the sink. In addition, because of its double check mechanism for signal to noise ratio and Euclidean distance, it adopts opportunistically and provides reliable dynamic cluster‐based routing architecture in the entire network. To sum up, the proposed approach successfully finds the best forwarding relay node for data transmission and avoids path loops and packet losses in both sparse and densely deployed UASNs. Our experimental results obtained in a set of extensive simulation studies verify that the proposed protocol performs better than the existing routing protocols in terms of data delivery ratio, overall network throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy efficiency.


The treatment of patients with substance use disorders requires that providers be aware of their own views on the relative roles of personal responsibility and of forces outside personal control in the onset and progression of and recovery from these disorders. The authors review the role of responsibility for addiction from several viewpoints: biological, psychological, sociocultural, self-help, religious, and forensic. Factors that affect personal responsibility in addictive diseases include awareness of the problem, knowledge of a genetic predisposition, understanding of addictive processes, comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions, adequacy of the support network, nature of the early environment, degree of tolerance of substance abuse in the sociocultural context, and the availability of competent psychiatric, medical, and chemical dependency treatment. Factors that affect societal responsibility include degree of access to illicit drugs, society's level of tolerance of drug use, the courts' approach to deterring substance abuse (punishment versus treatment), individuals' refusal to obtain substance abuse treatment, presence of clear behavioral norms, availability of early assessment and prevention, presence of community education, and degree of access to outpatient and community treatment.


While there are numerous tools for ontology matching, most approaches provide only little information about the true nature of the correspondences they discover, restricting themselves on the mere links between matching concepts. However, many disciplines such as ontology merging, ontology evolution or data transformation, require more-detailed information, such as the concrete relation type of matches or information about the cardinality of a correspondence (oneto-one or one-to-many). In this study we present a new approach where we denote additional semantic information to an initial ontology mapping carried out by a state-of-the-art matching tool. The enriched mapping contains the relation type (like equal, is-a, part-of) of the correspondences as well as complex correspondences. We present dierent linguistic, structural and background knowledge strategies that allow semi-automatic mapping enrichment, and according to our rst internal tests we are already able to add valuable semantic information to an existing ontology mapping.


Most researches in ad hoc networks focus on routing and not much work has been done on data access. A common technique used to improve the performance of data access is caching. Cooperative caching, which allows the sharing and coordination of cached data among multiple nodes, can further explore the potential of the caching techniques. Due to mobility and resource constraints of ad hoc networks, cooperative caching techniques designed for wired networks may not be applicable to ad hoc networks. In this paper, we design and evaluate cooperative caching techniques to efficiently support data access in ad hoc networks. We first propose two schemes: CacheData, which caches the data, and CachePath, which caches the data path. After analyzing the performance of those two schemes, we propose a hybrid approach (HybridCache), which can further improve the performance by taking advantage of CacheData and CachePath while avoiding their weaknesses. Cache replacement policies are also studied to further improve the performance. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the query delay and message complexity when compared to other caching schemes.


Deep learning performs remarkably well on many time series analysis tasks recently. The superior performance of deep neural networks relies heavily on a large number of training data to avoid overfitting. However, the labeled data of many real-world time series applications may be limited such as classification in medical time series and anomaly detection in AIOps. As an effective way to enhance the size and quality of the training data, data augmentation is crucial to the successful application of deep learning models on time series data. In this paper, we systematically review different data augmentation methods for time series. We propose a taxonomy for the reviewed methods, and then provide a structured review for these methods by highlighting their strengths and limitations. We also empirically compare different data augmentation methods for different tasks including time series classification, anomaly detection, and forecasting. Finally, we discuss and highlight five future directions to provide useful research guidance.


Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a "masking agent" remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g·kg−1 body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P <0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters.


Objective
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the ovary is a rare tumour. Its pure form without any associated surface epithelial stromal or germ cell component is more rarely seen. Its prognosis is generally very poor even when the diagnosis is made at an early stage. We report a case of pure large cell neuroendocrine tumour of ovary. The patient was a 73-year-old woman with symptom of pelvic pain. Ultrasonography detected an abdominal tumour larger than 10 cm. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with resection of the pelvic mass. After the surgery six cycles of chemotherapy (Etoposide and Cisplatin) were administered to the woman. She is still healthy after the last chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of the disease, few number of reported cases and the lack of systematic population based studies or registry data, we reported this case.


Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a stem cell (SC) disorder initiated by the
reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, giving rise to the
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and the resulting expression of the oncogenic
fusion protein BCR-ABL. The current first line of treatment is imatinib mesylate
(IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that competes with ATP to block ABL kinase
activity, which in turn prevents tyrosine phosphorylation of downstream molecules
and selectively induces apoptosis of BCR-ABL cells. However, despite excellent
cytogenetic responses, only a minority of patients achieve complete molecular
response (CMR). We have previously identified a population of quiescent (q) Ph+
SC found in chronic phase (CP) CML that are relatively insensitive to IM and other
TKIs and which may be responsible for the molecular persistence of this disease.
This population may be insensitive because TKIs do not reach therapeutic
concentrations within the cell. Such resistance to classical chemotherapeutic
drugs, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR), is mediated by ABC
transporters. In this study we have investigated whether CML SC express the
clinically relevant ABC transporters and determine their interaction with TKIs. In
addition, we determined whether the inhibition of these transporters increased the
efficacy of TKI against CML SC.
Using CML CD34+ cells isolated from newly diagnosed patients, normal CD34+
cells and cell lines transduced with specific transporters as controls, the relative
expression of drug transporters were determined in CML CD34+ cells and
intracellular staining confirmed protein expression. The interaction of drug
transporters with TKIs was assessed using a combination of substrate
displacement assays and radiolabelled assays. The effect of transporter inhibitors
3
with TKIs on the growth and differentiation of q34+ and more mature CD34+ cells
from CML patients in CP were assessed with regard to cell division, apoptosis and
BCR-ABL kinase activity.
When compared to normal CD34+ cells, CML CD34+ cells over-expressed ABCG2
mRNA. In contrast MDR1 expression was reduced in CML CD34+ cells and MRP1
was detected at similar expression levels in both populations. All three drug
transporters were expressed at the protein levels in CML CD34+ cells. It was
determined that at therapeutic concentrations (5μM) IM and nilotinib both inhibited
ABCG2 and MDR1 and nilotinib also inhibited MRP1. Neither drug was a substrate
for any of the transporters. In contrast, dasatinib was shown to be a substrate for
ABCG2 and MRP1, but had no effect on MDR1. Therefore activity and
concentration of dasatinib but not IM or nilotinib may be altered by the activity of
these proteins. In keeping with their inhibitory activity, neither IM nor nilotinib
demonstrated significantly increased efficacy when combined with specific ABC
transporter inhibitors (FTC or PSC 833). Surprisingly, although dasatinib was a
substrate for ABCG2 and MRP1, dasatinib did not further increase apoptosis, or
reduce the qSC population.
Therefore, although MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2 were found to be expressed and
functional in CML CD34+ cells and to interact with TKI, the co-treatment of TKIs
with drug transporter inhibitors did not further increase apoptosis, reduce BCRABL
kinase activity or reduce the qSC population. Therefore, modulation of
individual transporter activity is unlikely to reverse the resistance of this population
of cells to TKI and will not improve the clinical response to these drugs.


A new generation of sensor rich, massively distributed autonomous system is being developed, such as smart buildings and reconfigurable factories. To achieve high performance these systems will need to accurately model themselves and their environment from sensor information. Accomplishing this on a grand scale requires automating the art of large-scale modeling. To this end we have developed decompositional, modelbased learning (DML). DML takes a parameterized model and sensed variables as input, decomposes It, and synthesizes a coordinated sequence of "simplest" estimation tasks. The method exploits a rich analogy between parameter estimation and consistency-based diagnosis. Moriarty, an implementation of DML, has been applied to thermal modeling of a smart building, demonstrating a significant improvement in learning rate.


Background : Cancer is a complex disease with genetic alterations. One of the many ways to improve and prevent this patient is chemotherapy that due to the emergence of drug resistance, side effects of synthetic drugs and high medical potential of plants, the aim of this study was to investigate anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi (Liliaceae family) against human cancer HeLa and K562 cell lines.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, after acquiring methanolic Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extracts, their effects on HeLa and K562 cell lines were investigated and compared with cyclophosphamide standard drug at 24, 48, 72 hour after incubation and different concentrations of extracts ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/ml using MTT assay.
Results: In vitro biological results indicated that inhibition of the titled cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Also, based on the data obtained, most toxicity is 48 hour after increase of plant extracts. Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extract treated HeLa cell line exhibited higher toxic effects than Allium Jesdianum extract, whereas Allium Jesdianum extract exhibit stronger cytotoxicity than Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extract at the tested concentrations on K562 cell lines. Additionally, the screening data reveal that the selected extracts were more potent in comparison with cyclophosphamide against the studied cell lines.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates effectiveness of methanolic Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extracts in cervical and leukemia cancer for the first time. Furthermore, the tested extracts can be used to investigate in vivo studies.
Keywords: Cancer, Nectaroscordeum Coelzi, Allium Jesdianum, K562, HeLa, Cytotoxicity.


An insider's view of the strange and wonderful world of science fiction, by one of the most respected editors in the field. David G. Hartwell has been editing science fiction and fantasy for over twenty years. In that time, he has worked with acclaimed and popular writers such as Robert A. Heinlein, Poul Anderson, Frank Herbert, Roger Zelazny, Robert Silverberg, Gene Wolfe, Nancy Kress, L.E. Modesitt, Terry Bisson, Lisa Goldstein, and Philip Jose Farmer, and discovered hot new talentes like Kathleen Ann Goonan and Patrick O'Leary. Now in "Age of Wonder," Hartwell describes the field he has loved, worked in, and shaped as editor, critic, and anthologist. Like those other American art forms, jazz, comics, and rock 'n' roll, science fiction is the product of a rich and fascinating subculture. "Age of Wonder" is a fascinating tour of the origins, history, and culture of the science fiction world, written with insight and genuine affection for this wonder-filled literature, and addressed to newcomers and longtime SF readers alike. Newly revised for the 1990's, "Age of Wonder" remains "the landmark work" Roger Zelazny called the first edition. Hartwell has revised the body of the book to take into account the past twelve years' changes in the literary landscape and the publishing marketplace, and added substantial new sections that contain advice on teaching courses in science fiction, disquisitions on the controversial subgenre of hard SF, and practical explanations of the economics of publishing science fiction and fantasy. "Age of Wonder" still lives up to Hugo and Nebula Award winnter Vonda McIntyre's description: "An entertaining and provocative book that will insprie discussion and argument for years to come."


The Court of Justice has delivered an extensive body of caselaw concerning the obligation of domestic courts to provide effective judicial protection to claimants relying upon Community law rights - including such landmark judgments as Factortame and Francovich. This book offers a critical analysis of the Court's fast-changing approach to national procedural autonomy,and explores the difficult conceptual framework underpinning the caselaw. The author demonstrates how Community intervention in the domestic systems of judicial protection cannot remain unaffected by wider debates about the evolving European integration project, in particular, the tension between uniformity and differentiation as competing values influencing the exercise of Community regulatory competence. Because of its emphasis on an ideal of uniformity which has become increasingly untenable within the contemporary Community legal order, much of the existing academic discourse about national remedies and procedural rules now seems ripe for reconsideration. It is argued that the Court's jurisprudence on the decentralised enforcement of Treaty norms needs to be interpreted afresh, having regard to the recent growth of regulatory differentiation within the Community system. National Remedies Before the Court of Justice provides a challenging account of this crucial field of EU legal studies. It includes detailed discussion of issues such as Member State liability in damages, Community control over national limitation periods, and the principles governing state aid and competition law enforcement. This book is of value to academics and practitioners alike.


The early Jewish American apocalyptic verse of Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, Miguel de Barrios, and Daniel Israel Lopez Laguna provides an important starting point for the history of Jewish American poetry. By beginning Jewish American literature with these poets, I aim to accomplish three important goals: (1) to more accurately reflect Jewish American literature's diversity; (2) to denaturalize the concept of America; and (3) to remind readers that literary history need not be teleological, even when the poets themselves dreamt of a final telos—the messiah. After summarizing the main tenets of early Jewish American messianism, I show how this messianism impacted Aboab's, de Barrios's, and Laguna's content, genre, and style. Messianism, I argue, affects the poets' desire to write from and of America and their understanding of poetry's goal. Messianism provided a means by which each poet made sense of temporal and spatial ruptures and placed those ruptures in the larger narrative of Jewish (American) history. Throughout my explication of each of these poets' works, I highlight their relationship to later Jewish American literary history by taking note of the unintentional echoes between early and later Jewish American poets. I draw out these parallels in order to argue for a new understanding of literary history that is just as interested in drift, variation, and fragmentation as it is interested in expectancy, reinforcement, and cohesion. Correlation, not causation, is the narrative thread of this new literary history.


In this thesis, a finite element discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for a non-isothermal and electrically conducting fluid in a possibly rotating frame of reference is considered. In particular, the Oberbeck-Boussinesq model is combined with resistive incompressible magnetohydrodynamics.
In order to account for instabilities and to diminish unphysical oscillations a stabilization for the incompressibility constraint as well as a local projection approach for various terms is considered. For the spatial discretization inf-sub stable ansatz spaces for velocity and pressure are used.
With respect to the semi-discretization in space stability analysis is performed and quasi-optimal and semi-robust error estimates are derived for each coupling separately. Additionally, it is investigated how the results for the Navier-Stokes equations extend from Dirichlet to outflow boundary conditions.
With respect to the full discretization a segregation scheme based on a pressure-correction projection method is considered. Also for this model stability is investigated and quasi-optimal and semi-robust error estimates are derived. Numerical results are used to validate the analytical findings and to investigate the influence of the stabilization terms apart from convergence on the numerical solutions. Some analytical results confirm the proposed rates of convergence in space and time and show the importance of grad-div stabilization. Afterwards, more realistic test cases such as the expulsion of the magnetic field by a fast rotating electrically conducting fluid or Rayleigh–Benard convection in an inertial or rotating frame of reference are considered to obtain a suitable design for the stabilization parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the implementation is demonstrated.


What happened in the years following World War II to create a democratic revolution in the western half of Europe? This book provides an innovative new account of how a stable, durable, and remarkably uniform model of parliamentary democracy emerged in Western Europe—and how this democratic ascendancy held fast until the latter decades of the twentieth century. The book describes how Western Europe's post-war democratic order was built by elite, intellectual, and popular forces. Much more than the consequence of the defeat of fascism and the rejection of Communism, this democratic order rested on universal male and female suffrage, but also on new forms of state authority and new political forces—primarily Christian and social democratic—that espoused democratic values. Above all, it gained the support of the people, for whom democracy provided a new model of citizenship that reflected the aspirations of a more prosperous society. This democratic order did not, however, endure. Its hierarchies of class, gender, and race, which initially gave it its strength, as well as the strains of decolonization and social change, led to an explosion of demands for greater democratic freedoms in the 1960s, and to the much more contested democratic politics of Europe in the late twentieth century. The book is a compelling history that sheds new light not only on the past of European democracy but also on the unresolved question of its future.


On the river Sava near Ljubljana, a sports centre with a kayak racing channel was built in 1948. For the world championship in kayak-canoe racing in 1990 totally new racing channel had to be built, since the old one did not correspond to the international racing norms. The planned reconstruction of the channel, with several new constructions (stands, platforms) demanded answers of the following questions: 1. How will the changed topography influence the water levels at high water flows (flooding of some houses along the banks was in question). 2. How will the discharge over a weir be distributed between the racing channel and the main river channel. 3. How to design the new racing channel to get the optimum performance. All three problems were solved by a 2D depth-averaged mathematical model. Basic equations were used in the conservative form. They were solved by a finite-volume numerical method. A combined central-differences and upstream differences were used and an implicit iterative scheme was applied for the solution. The model showed very good performance even for the simulation of the highly turbulent flow in the racing channel. Only the first problem is described more in detail. References are given for the modelling of the flow in the racing channel.


While the statistical mechanical description of DNA has a long tradition, renewed interest in DNA melting from a physics perspective is nourished by measurements of the fluctuation dynamics of local denaturation bubbles by single molecule spectroscopy. The dynamical opening of DNA bubbles (DNA breathing) is supposedly crucial for biological functioning during, for instance, transcription initiation and DNA's interaction with selectively single-stranded DNA binding proteins. Motivated by this, we consider the bubble breathing dynamics in a heteropolymer DNA based on a (2+1)-variable master equation and complementary stochastic Gillespie simulations, providing the bubble size and the position of the bubble along the sequence as a function of time. We utilize new experimental data that independently obtain stacking and hydrogen bonding contributions to DNA stability. We calculate the spectrum of relaxation times and the experimentally measurable autocorrelation function of a fluorophore-quencher tagged basepair, and demonstrate good agreement with fluorescence correlation experiments. A significant dependence of opening probability and waiting time between bubble events on the local DNA sequence is revealed and quantified for a promoter sequence of the T7 phage. The strong dependence on sequence, temperature and salt concentration for the breathing dynamics of DNA found here points at a good potential for nanosensing applications by utilizing short fluorophore-quencher dressed DNA constructs.