This paper presents a robust and reliable system that navigates the wheelchair robot without manual initialization or a priori information in real-time in outdoor environments. The system can extract various lane boundaries including straight and curved lanes under different conditions. It is robust against noise, shadows, and illumination variations in the captured road images. The straight lane detection algorithm and curved lane detection algorithm can automatically function in the correct mode based on the current road type. The straight lane detection algorithm uses three features to represent two lane boundaries. The curved lanes are segmented using the lane-curve function that is generated by transforming a defined parabolic function in a world coordinate into an image coordinate. The accuracy of the navigation system is 100% after the space-search based correction.


This research is concerned with the optimisation of multi-modal numerical problems using genetic algorithms (GAs). GAs use randomised operators operating over a population of candidate solutions to generate new points in the search space. As the scale and complexity of target applications increase, run time becomes a major inhibitor. Parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs) have therefore become an important area of research. Coarse-grained implementations are one of the most popular models and many researchers are concerned primarily with this area. The island model was the only one class of parallel genetic algorithm on the coarse-grained processing platform. There are indiscriminate overlaps between sub-populations in the island model even if there is no communication between sub-populations. In order to determine whether the removal of the overlaps between sub-populations is beneficial, the partition model based on domain decomposition was motivated and showed that it can offer superior performance on a number of two dimensional test problems. However the partition model has a certain scalability problem.

The main contribution of this thesis is to propose and develop an alternative approach, which replicates the beneficial behaviour of the partition model using more scalable techniques. It operates in a similar manner to the island model, but periodically performs a clustering analysis on each sub-population. The clustering analysis is used to identify regions of the search space in which more than one sub-population are sampling. The overlapping clusters are then merged and redistributed amongst sub-populations so that only one sub-population has samples in that region of the search space. It is shown that these overlaps between sub-populations are identified and removed by the clustering analysis without a priori domain knowledge. The performance of the new approach employing the clustering analysis is then compared with the island model and the partition model on a number of non-trivial problems. These experiments show that the new approach is robust, efficient and effective, and removes the scalability problem that prevents the wide application of the partition model.


Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disorder and is the main risk factor for renal and cardiovascular complications. The research on the genetics of hypertension has been frustrated by the small predictive value of the discovered genetic variants. The HYPERGENES Project investigated associations between genetic variants and essential hypertension pursuing a 2-stage study by recruiting cases and controls from extensively characterized cohorts recruited over many years in different European regions. The discovery phase consisted of 1865 cases and 1750 controls genotyped with 1M Illumina array. Best hits were followed up in a validation panel of 1385 cases and 1246 controls that were genotyped with a custom array of 14 055 markers. We identified a new hypertension susceptibility locus (rs3918226) in the promoter region of the endothelial NO synthase gene (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.37–1.73]; combined P=2.58 · 10−13). A meta-analysis, using other in silico/de novo genotyping data for a total of 21 714 subjects, resulted in an overall odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.25–1.44; P=1.032 · 10−14). The quantitative analysis on a population-based sample revealed an effect size of 1.91 (95% CI: 0.16–3.66) for systolic and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.25–2.55) for diastolic blood pressure. We identified in silico a potential binding site for ETS transcription factors directly next to rs3918226, suggesting a potential modulation of endothelial NO synthase expression. Biological evidence links endothelial NO synthase with hypertension, because it is a critical mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis and blood pressure control via vascular tone regulation. This finding supports the hypothesis that there may be a causal genetic variation at this locus.


ABSTRACT The core of this paper is a case study of how a District Health Authority (Paddington and North Kensington, now Parkside DHA following a recent merger with Brent DHA) in Inner London responded to a major new health care issue of the 1980s—Aids, but the paper also seeks to locate this case study material within wider debates. What theories are there of organisational change which could be used to illuminate policy and service change in the health care sector? How, indeed, do we best study change in health care organisations? The paper is thus in three parts. In the first section we identify some streams of literature which act as a frame of reference defining our initial research question and discuss implications for methodology. The second section presents the case itself, while the last section discusses some emerging findings.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of 4 portable pH meters, a reagent strip, and pH paper for measuring urine pH in dogs.

DESIGN
Prospective masked randomized study.

SAMPLE POPULATION
201 free-catch urine samples from 114 hospitalized dogs.

PROCEDURES
Urine samples were divided into 2-mL aliquots. Measurements of urine pH were obtained by use of a laboratory benchtop pH meter, 4 portable pH meters, a urine reagent strip, and pH paper. The pH of each aliquot was measured within 4 hours of collection by an evaluator unaware of the aliquot's origin. To assess reproducibility, the coefficient of variation for each pH measurement device was calculated. To determine which device was most accurate, the degree of agreement among the different devices was assessed in comparison with the benchtop pH meter, which was considered the reference method.

RESULTS
3 of the 4 portable pH meters had nearly perfect agreement with the reference method. The reagent strip and pH paper had moderate to poor agreement with the reference method.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Urine pH measurements should be made by use of a portable or benchtop pH meter when accurate measurements are crucial for diagnosis or treatment. Reagent strips and pH papers are useful in obtaining pH approximations but are not recommended when accurate measurements of urine pH are required.


Contemporary gated communities in China have only risen to prominence over the past two decades since the Housing Reform and market economy. Research on this field mainly criticize Chinese gated community on their negative social impacts by directly borrowing arguments from the studies of Western gated communities, especially from the US counterparts. However, the socioeconomic connotation attached to gated communities in the US is not necessarily applicable to gating in the Chinese cases. Conceptions of cities in the US as the leading parts of this Chinese urban trend thus have to be questioned and investigated. This paper aims at analyzing the formation of Chinese gated community based on its unique historical context and socioeconomic conditions, and constructing a study framework to measure the degree of openness with its social impact. The historical formation of this peculiar spatial layout derived from a centralized administration concern, which in turn blended into the traditional value as a symbol of social order and belonging. As people's preferences for residence follow the historical traditions and customs, the way residents perceive gatedness is different from the opinions of the Western liberals. Moreover, the current socioeconomic environment contributes to distinguishing the specificities of Chinese urbanization process. The common interests shared by local government, private developers and customers prompt the prevalence of gated communities around the country. Translating the spatial language into measurable quantitative index enables the dissection of the gating phenomenon for objective openness degree assessment. As Chinese gated communities account for a large proportion of the land development, a comprehensive understanding of the measurable openness degree based on local context will better facilitate the research on Chinese gated communities and the rapid urbanization process. Thesis Supervisor: Tunney Lee Title: Professor Emeritus of the Department of Urban Studies and Planning Thesis Reader: Jinhua Zhao Title: Edward H. and Joyce Linde Assistant Professor of urban planning at DUSP


Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an important problem of modern medicine. The reason is growing population of immunocompromised patients and high morbidity and mortality of these infections. Timely
diagnosed IFI is of utmost importance because the delay of antifungal treatment has impact on treatment outcome. Cultivation as a conventional diagnostic method has low sensitivity, long duration and demands obtaining invasive samples. Therefore, in the last two decades fungal biomarkers are investigated for earlier and more sensitive diagnostics. 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a fungal biomarker in patients' sera that enables detection of the following fungal pathogens: Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium, Coccidioides immitis, Fusarium spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Trichosporon spp., Sporotrix schenckii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Low level and absence of BDG in the cell wall unables the detection of Cryptococcus spp. and order Mucorales with this test. High negative predictive value of BDG can be used when deciding to stop antifungal treatment and be a part of strategy for antifungal stewardship in intensive care units. In hematological patients BDG can be used as a screening method or as a part of diagnostic work-up when IFI is suspected. Reliability of test result is higher when two or more consecutive samples are positive. Influence of antifungal prophylaxis on BDG test results is still unclear. BDG kinetics and its relation to clinical outcome are still investigated. For pediatric population cut-off values for interpretation are still not defined, although many studies have been published investigating this issue. Although still not recommended by pediatric guidelines, this test can help in certain situations having in mind its limitations. BDG as a fungal marker represents the significant progress in IFI diagnostics. With simultaneous application of other diagnostic methods, exact interpretation and rational use, it can help earlier and more successful diagnostics and treatment of IFI.


Abstract Objective: Historically, changes in normal thyroid uptake values for iodine have been reported in different geographical areas. These changes have been linked to geographical and chronological fluctuations in dietary iodine intake in different populations. Namibia is a country with mixed ethnicity, with access to dietary iodine in table salt. Despite historical reports on deviating normal thyroid uptake values (emphasising the importance of establishing local normal reference values), the relevant Namibian authorities have never revised these reference values, nor have local reference values been established. The aim of this study was to establish the normal reference values for thyroid uptake of technetium-99m pertechnetate in the Namibian population. Design: Participants who were considered to be euthyroid completed a questionnaire designed to exclude individuals with thyroid pathologies, as well as those with renal or heart disease. Settings and subjects: The study cohort consisted of 76 participants (58 women and 18 men), ranging in age from 39-81 years. The participants were of mixed ethnicity, consisting of Hereros, Ovambos, Damaras, Namas, Coloureds, Caucasians and other (non-Namibian immigrants), and were from Windhoek, Namibia. Studies were performed at the Windhoek Central Hospital. Outcome measures: Blood was drawn for thyroid hormone assessment. Participants were then given 100 MBq of technetium-99m pertechnetate intravenously, and their percentage thyroid uptake recorded after 20 minutes. Results: In this study, thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine levels were found to be 1.7 μIU/ml, 4.9 pmol/ml and 10.3 pmol/ml, respectively. Analysis of the empirical data showed that the normal reference uptake value for technetium-99m pertechnetate in the studied population ranged between 0.04% and 2.40%. The fifth and 95th percentiles for pertechnetate uptake were 0.15% and 1.69%, respectively. Conclusion: These results provide new evidence which supports the importance of periodical evaluation of normal thyroid uptake reference values for technetium-99m pertechnetate.


Domain adaptation aims at learning robust classifiers across domains using labeled data from a source domain. Representation learning methods, which project the original features to a new feature space, have been proved to be quite effective for this task. However, these unsupervised methods neglect the domain information of the input and are not specialized for the classification task. In this work, we address two key factors to guide the representation learning process for domain adaptation of sentiment classification -- one is domain supervision, enforcing the learned representation to better predict the domain of an input, and the other is sentiment supervision which utilizes the source domain sentiment labels to learn sentiment-favorable representations. Experimental results show that these two factors significantly improve the proposed models as expected.


This book explores frontier work at the intersection of experimental and environmental economics, with cutting edge research provided by premier scholars in the field. The book begins by focusing on improving benefit–cost analysis, which remains the hallmark of public policy decision-making around the globe. The contributors provide innovative avenues to credibly lead to more efficient policies. T


As COVID-19 has spread, the power and reach of tech and networking companies have expanded and their transgressions against the commonweal have multiplied, provoking calls to make them more accountable. How might this be accomplished? I argue that a renewal of public utility regulation will be essential, regardless of whether it is accompanied by government antitrust action. I offer a historical sketch of how 19th- and early 20th-century reformers developed conceptions of networks as public utilities to establish democratic norms and practices in telegraph and telephone service provision. Big business and the state mobilized during World War I and defeated the movement to nationalize U.S. telecommunications via a takeover of networks by the U.S. Postal Service but, meanwhile, a different road to public utility status had opened: regulation by state and federal administrative commissions. After reviewing this conflicted history, I enumerate necessary features of a regenerated public utility framework, from popular education about network issues and policies of nondiscrimination to public control over social networks and search engines and decommodification of profit-driven network industries.


Since 2009, the German National Library for Economics (ZBW) supports both indexing and retrieval of Open Access scientific publications like working papers, postprint articles and conference papers by means of a terminology web service. This web service is based on concepts organized as a 'Standard Thesaurus for Economics' (STW), which is modelled and regularly published as Linked Open Data. Moreover, it is integrated into the institution's subject repository for automatically suggesting appropriate key words while indexing and retrieving documents, and for automatically expanding search queries on demand to gain better search results. While this approach looks promising to augment 'off the shelf' repository software systems in a lightweight manner with a disciplinary profile, there is still significant uncertainty about the effective usage and impact of controlled terms in the realm of these systems. To cope with this, we analyze the repository's logfiles to get evidence of search behaviour which is potentially influenced by auto suggestion and expansion of scientific terms derived from a discipline's literature.


Within the context of tele-presence and immersion for piloting light aircraft, knowledge about the surrounding wind offers useful information for piloting purposes. Rendering wind in virtual simulation or tele-presence application has been used still the early sixties [ ] to enhance immersion. However since then it has been rather limited to use a fan in front of the user to produce an illusion of speed. This paper presents the development of a new haptic device generating wind around the user head. The system is based on an embedded system driving 8 fan actuators regularly distributed around a Head Mounted Display (HMD). In order to validate the added value of the device in the context of tele-operation, an application has been developed around a flight simulator where wind direction and forces are passed to the user via our system. Feedback from the different users of the applications shows improvements of the immersion inside the simulation. It also gives reliable information about the wind direction and forces using the most natural cues.


Pre-training convolutional neural networks with weakly-supervised and self-supervised strategies is becoming increasingly popular for several computer vision tasks. However, due to the lack of strong discriminative signals, these learned representations may overfit to the pre-training objective (e.g., hashtag prediction) and not generalize well to downstream tasks. In this work, we present a simple strategy - ClusterFit to improve the robustness of the visual representations learned during pre-training. Given a dataset, we (a) cluster its features extracted from a pre-trained network using k-means and (b) re-train a new network from scratch on this dataset using cluster assignments as pseudo-labels. We empirically show that clustering helps reduce the pre-training task-specific information from the extracted features thereby minimizing overfitting to the same. Our approach is extensible to different pre-training frameworks -- weak- and self-supervised, modalities -- images and videos, and pre-training tasks -- object and action classification. Through extensive transfer learning experiments on 11 different target datasets of varied vocabularies and granularities, we show that ClusterFit significantly improves the representation quality compared to the state-of-the-art large-scale (millions / billions) weakly-supervised image and video models and self-supervised image models.


Researchers agree that one of the most important aspects of psychopathy is lack of empathy. Literature relating to psychopathy and its central components focuses on boys and men, while overlooking girls and women. This issue is partially due to the measurement tools and beliefs about sex-based expression. Previous studies focus primarily on empathy as it relates to antisocial behavior and abuse but is deficient in gender differences and antecedents. This study seeks to fill these voids by examining factors that may distinctly affect male and female empathy levels. The current study used data from the 6th wave of the National Youth Survey to examine empathy levels of 1,452 youths ranging in age from 17 – 24 years. Findings reveal that several variables have a significant impact on empathy levels. Furthermore, analysis shows that the severity of the impact differs depending upon respondent gender. This sheds light on the contrast between male and female empathy levels and invites further investigation into the factors which play a role in the developm


The notion of fine-grained pelagic carbonates as uniform, monotonous sequences of sediments settled in a quiescent environment has been challenged over the past few decades. Fine-grained pelagic carbonates can undergo substantial reworking after their first deposition, as illustrated by an abundance of sedimentary structures, such as drifts, moats, sediment waves, and channels documented in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group of NW Europe. Despite chalk being a major hydrocarbon reservoir rock of the North Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physical behavior of the pelagic carbonate sediment from which the chalk formed—calcareous nannofossil ooze. This poses a serious challenge to the understanding of the depositional system and the properties of facies distribution. Experimental tests, such as those performed in laboratory flumes, are necessary to provide empirical data on this subject. However, the use of modern calcareous nannofossil ooze as an analogue for Cretaceous ooze is associated with a number of disadvantages such as generally higher noncarbonate content and smaller coccolith size of modern oozes. Here, we document a preparation method for the production of calcareous nannofossil ooze for the purpose of physical experiments, based on disaggregation of Upper Cretaceous chalk through repeated freezing and thawing. We further document the textural characteristics of the ooze compared to the original chalk, based on quantitative backscatter scanning electron image analysis, laser diffraction granulometry, and smear slides. The Upper Cretaceous chalk chosen for disaggregation is highly friable due to delicate contact cement and has a low noncarbonate content (< 2 wt %), a high porosity, friability, and good nannofossil and microfossil preservation. These characteristics allowed an effective disaggregation of the chalk matrix into its basic nannofossil and microfossil components, which show good preservation through the disaggregation process. Textural analysis of chalk used for disaggregation and the produced ooze shows no significant differences between the two, thus validating the use of the freeze–thaw method for production of experimental ooze to model the basic depositional behavior of Cretaceous chalk.


ABSTRACT
ObjectiveStatistics Canada initiated the Canadian Statistical Demographic Database (CSDD) research project to determine if and how administrative data could be used to support the Canadian Census Program.
The project's goal is to create a census spine from administrative data sources. The CSDD's current scope is limited to basic information (name, sex, birth date and usual place of residence) for all Canadians.
MethodTwo 2011 CSDD prototypes were built using and linking hundreds of administrative files obtained mainly from other federal departments. Extensive pre-processing activities must take place prior to linkage to remove duplicates and standardize file variables. Given that Canadians do not possess a single unique identifier, administrative files were linked using record linkage methods; key matching variables were identified, validated and used to perform the linkage. This work led to the development of auxiliary files, which serve specific purposes related to the CSDD development. They also provide useful linkage keys to other Statistics Canada statistical programs.ResultsThe outcome of the CSDD is determined by comparing it to two references. First, comparisons were done at the aggregate level (Canadian, provincial and sub-provincial levels) by contrasting the results with Demography Division's official population estimates for the 2011 Census. The CSDD was also compared with the 2011 Census of Population's Response Database (RDB), which allows for analysis at the micro (record) level. The RDB contains non-imputed data on name, sex, birth date and usual place of residence as provided by individual census respondents. Comparisons with the RDB have allowed us to address the question, "Does the CSDD put the right person at the same address as the 2011 Census does?"
Results are promising. At the aggregate level, the CSDD compares well with the demographic estimates for the 2011 Census at the national, provincial/territorial and some urban area levels. At the micro level, the CSDD contains more individuals than the RDB. Improvements are needed with regards to its ability to place persons accurately in rural areas due to the lack of good residential addresses in administrative data files.
Initial results led to the planning of new CSDD prototypes, this time for 2016, in line with the 2016 Census of Population.ConclusionThe presentation will give an overview of the methods and principles behind the construction of the CSDD. Basic analytical results will present areas of strength and weakness. Lessons learned and upcoming challenges along with their proposed solutions will complete the presentation.


Background: Laparoscopic extended liver resections have been limited to very few centers with only few cases reported so far. The aim with this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of our experience with extended laparoscopic liver surgery using a prospective database. Methods: In this study, consecutive patients undergoing extended laparoscopic liver surgery by this team between 2007 and 2016 were studied. The primary endpoint was safety of the procedure. Secondary endpoints were conversion rates, operative times, blood loss, need for transfusions, and hospital length of stay.
 Results: Between 2007 and 2016, 23 extended laparoscopic liver resections were performed at our institution. Of these, 12 (52%) were performed as a second stage in a staged liver resection and 11 (48%) were performed during one-stage resection with or without preoperative portal vein embolization. There were 13 women and 10 men with mean age of 56.3 years old [22–73]. The main indication for liver resection was col-orectal liver metastases. Two patients required conversion to open surgery, one due to hemorrhage and one due to technical difficulties. Blood loss was significant in 6 patients with need for transfusion. The mean operative time was 245 minutes. Median hospital stay was 7 days. Significant complications occurred in six patients (26.1%). No 90-day mortality was observed. Conclusions: This observational study shows that laparoscopic ex-tended liver resections are safe and feasible. Adequate analysis of quality and volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) is essential. Complications, operative times, hospital stay and blood loss were comparable to open extended liver resections.


Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, moving, helix–shaped and Microaerophilic bacterium which infects the human's stomach in childhood and stays for a long time. Helicobacter pylori is a gastrointestinal pathogen in human body and causes chronic and active stomach inflammation as well as gastrointestinal ulcers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of curcumin on Helicobacter pylori in the mice model.
Material and Methods: In this study, after induction of Helicobacter pylori disease to the Balb/c mice, we started to treat different groups of mice in the second week of sicknesses using oral administration of curcumin, common antibiotics in curing Helicobacter pylori, and antibiotics with curcumin. One group received no treatment as a negative control group and the other group received Helicobacter pylori without any treatment as a positive control group. Oral prescriptions were conducted within 15 days and blood sampling was then carried out from the mice hearts. The rate of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies was then calculated in serum and then, urea tests were done on the mice stomach.
Results: Results revealed that the effectiveness of Curcumin in rate is less than the antibiotic group but decreased the amount of Helicobacter pylori infection compared to the infected host group. Combined therapy had synergistic effects and caused a more significant reduction in gastrin, IFN-γ, MPO activity and lipid peroxidation compared to mice receiving each monotherapy.
Conclusion: It seems that Curcumin, as a natural complex without any side effects, will receive enough attention in inhibiting the infection proliferation.


Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide. Although several drug candidates have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, none has been effective and at present, early recognition of severe dengue and timely supportive care are used to reduce mortality. While the first dengue vaccine was recently licensed, and several other candidates are in late stage clinical trials, future decisions regarding widespread deployment of vaccines and/or therapeutics will require evidence of product safety, efficacy and effectiveness. Standard, quantifiable clinical endpoints are needed to ensure reproducibility and comparability of research findings. To address this need, we established a working group of dengue researchers and public health specialists to develop standardized endpoints and work towards consensus opinion on those endpoints. After discussion at two working group meetings and presentations at international conferences, a Delphi methodology-based query was used to finalize and operationalize the clinical endpoints. Participants were asked to select the best endpoints from proposed definitions or offer revised/new definitions, and to indicate whether contributing items should be designated as optional or required. After the third round of inquiry, 70% or greater agreement was reached on moderate and severe plasma leakage, moderate and severe bleeding, acute hepatitis and acute liver failure, and moderate and severe neurologic disease. There was less agreement regarding moderate and severe thrombocytopenia and moderate and severe myocarditis. Notably, 68% of participants agreed that a 50,000 to 20,000 mm3 platelet range be used to define moderate thrombocytopenia; however, they remained divided on whether a rapid decreasing trend or one platelet count should be case defining. While at least 70% agreement was reached on most endpoints, the process identified areas for further evaluation and standardization within the context of ongoing clinical studies. These endpoints can be used to harmonize data collection and improve comparability between dengue clinical trials.


Accurate estimates of the sulfur content in silicate melts at sulfide saturation are required to explain magmatic processes such as the origin and budget of sulfur in some volcanic eruptions and the transfer of Cu, Au, and other precious metals from the mantle to the crust via partial melting of the mantle. A model that links S speciation, S content at sulfide saturation (SCSS), S content at anhydrite saturation (SCAS), and changes in oxygen fugacity ( f O2) is presented. The model predicts an exponential increase in the SCSS with increasing f O2 from fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) because of the contribution of sulfate species in the melt. The predicted SCSS ranges from 1300 ppm (at FMQ − 1) to 1500 ppm (at FMQ + 0.5) for mid-oceanic-ridge basalts (MORB), is up to 7500 ppm (at FMQ + 2) for backarc and oceanic-island basalts, and can be as high as 1.4 wt% (at FMQ + 2.3) for island arc basalts. For the mantle wedge above subducting slabs, the SCSS ranges from 1500 ppm (at FMQ + 0.4) to 4500 ppm (at FMQ + 1.7). Disequilibrium experiments show textural evidence that is consistent with the model predictions. Thus, sulfide-undersaturated magmas can be formed at relatively low degrees of melting in metasomatized mantle sources without the need to invoke sulfide elimination by oxidation at high f O2. Estimates of the amount of S that can be transported by silicate melts need to account for the enhanced capacity of silicate melts to dissolve S when sulfate species are present, even if sulfides are the stable S-bearing phase.


The 2007 World Economic Forum (WEF) referred to climate change as the overriding problem we face. Concerns have been raised about how global warming would accelerate future climate change and its consequences. Many climate change studies expect the possible occurrence of extreme high temperature, increase in heavy rains and strong typhoons in the near future. Currently, climate change scenarios are used to prepare an appropriate plan for these phenomena under climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest and evaluate an operational method of assessing the potential impact of climate change on hydrologic components and water resources at the regional scale. Future runoff was simulated using high resolution Regional Circulation Model (RCM) (12.5 × 12.5 km) Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenario operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and a semi-distribution model or SLURP (Semi-distributed Land Use-based Runoff Process). The study was carried out on the Han River including its nine dams. The study found that runoff characteristics, especially annual distribution, could change. The discharge in July tends to decrease while runoff can increase in August and September. The flow duration curve was estimated and compared with observed data and simulated daily runoff data for Paldang-dam to evaluate the effect of climate change. The analysis of the flow duration curve shows that the mean average low flow increased while the average wet and normal flow decreased under the climate change scenario.


Are there competitions among countries and how do they compete with one another? Drawing on Hidalgo et al.'s (2007) research on "product space," the current study investigates how countries compete with one another in the international market. It proposes "country space" by using social network analysis and visually presenting the competitions and the cooperation among countries. Great heterogeneity of country space suggests competitions among countries. Comparable countries cluster together in a hierarchical order in the chain of capability, which reflects a portfolio of advantages and technology differentiation between countries and the clusters. Countries climb up the technology ladder by putting more effort into the advantageous industries where they have the advantages in the advanced technologies.


In this paper, we present a novel and accurate method for identifying design for testability (DFT) solutions for register-transfer level (RTL) circuits. Test generation proceeds by abstracting the circuit components using input/output propagation rules so that any justification/propagation event can be captured as a Boolean implication. Consequently, the RTL test generation problem is reduced to a satisfiability (SAT) instance. If a given SAT instance is not satisfiable, then we identify Boolean implications (also known as the unsatisfiable segment) that are responsible for unsatisfiability. We show that adding DFT elements is equivalent to modifying these clauses such that the unsatisfiable segment becomes satisfiable. The proposed DFT technique is both fast and accurate as it is applicable to RTL and mixed gate-level/RTL circuits and uses exact unsatisfiability conditions to identify the DFT solutions.


A central tenet of inflation targeting is that establishing and maintaining well-anchored inflation expectations are essential. In this paper, we reexamine the role of key elements of the inflation targeting framework towards this end, in the context of an economy where economic agents have an imperfect understanding of the macroeconomic landscape within which the public forms expectations and policymakers must formulate and implement monetary policy. Using an estimated model of the U.S. economy, we show that monetary policy rules that would perform well under the assumption of rational expectations can perform very poorly when we introduce imperfect knowledge. We then examine the performance of an easily implemented policy rule that incorporates three key characteristics of inflation targeting: transparency, commitment to maintaining price stability, and close monitoring of inflation expectations, and find that all three play an important role in assuring its success. Our analysis suggests that simple difference rules in the spirit of Knut Wicksell excel at tethering inflation expectations to the central bank's goal and in so doing achieve superior stabilization of inflation and economic activity in an environment of imperfect knowledge.


In this study of the breakdown of traditional party loyalties and voting patterns, prominent comparativists and country specialists examine the changes now occurring in the political systems of advanced industrial democracies. Originally published in 1985. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


This comprehensive technical note explains linear regression. It is indended for students with no prior knowlede of the topic. It is devided into nine sections, which may be assigned separately: 1. The simple linear model, 2. Fitting the model using least squares, 3. Important properties of the least-squares regression line, 4. Summary regression statistics, 5. Assumptions behind the linear model, 6. Model-building philosopy, 7. Forecasting using the linear model, 8. Using dummy variables to represent categorical variables, and 9. Useful data transformations. The sections correspond to stand-alone notes also available through Darden Business Publishing.


This work investigates suitability of low cost Micro-Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) sensors in strong motion related studies, particularly in shaking intensity networks. Two types of MEMS sensors (MEMS-5 and MEMS-50) and a reference sensor are tested under excitations of sweeping waves and scaled earthquake recordings. Transfer functions and correlation coefficients are compared. As for earthquake recordings, comparisons are carried out in terms of basic strong motion parameters and elastic response of structures that influences the design majors. The performance of the MEMS-50 sensor is also investigated on free field. Different sensing characteristics are compared by performing time frequency analyses of small earthquake ground motion recordings of the MEMS-50 based accelerometer and of a co-located reference accelerometer. Test results show that the MEMS-50 sensor is able to record the mid-frequency dominant strong motion parameters with high correlation, where the high frequency components of the ground motion are underestimated. Such a difference in strong motion parameters on the other hand, does not manifest itself on instrumental intensity estimations. Strong motion parameters from the reference and MEMS sensors converge to the same seismic intensity level. Hence a strong motion network with MEMS-50 sensors could be a modest option to produce peak ground velocity-based damage impact of an urban area under large-magnitude earthquake threats in the immediate vicinity. MEMS-5, which is an upper quality ensemble, is recommended for wide range of application including peak ground acceleration-based and peak ground velocity-based rapid shake maps.


[1] The shallow seismogenic portion of subduction zones generates damaging large and great earthquakes. This study provides structural constraints on the seismogenic zone of the Middle America Trench offshore central Costa Rica and insights into the physical and mechanical characteristics controlling seismogenesis. We have located ∼300 events that occurred following the MW 6.9, 20 August 1999, Quepos, Costa Rica, underthrusting earthquake using a three-dimensional velocity model and arrival time data recorded by a temporary local network of land and ocean bottom seismometers. We use aftershock locations to define the geometry and characteristics of the seismogenic zone in this region. These events define a plane dipping at 19° that marks the interface between the Cocos Plate and the Panama Block. The majority of aftershocks occur below 10 km and above 30 km depth below sea level, corresponding to 30–35 km and 95 km from the trench axis, respectively. Relative event relocation produces a seismicity pattern similar to that obtained using absolute locations, increasing confidence in the geometry of the seismogenic zone. The aftershock locations spatially correlate with the downdip extension of the oceanic Quepos Plateau and reflect the structure of the main shock rupture asperity. This strengthens an earlier argument that the 1999 Quepos earthquake ruptured specific bathymetric highs on the downgoing plate. We believe that subduction of this highly disrupted seafloor has established a set of conditions which presently limit the seismogenic zone to be between 10 and 35 km below sea level.


This report reveals how widespread part-time employment has become as a working arrangement in many parts of Europe. It looks at the national policies influencing part-time employment and the possible impact of this type of work organisation on labour market flexibility. It also examines the variations in the take-up of part-time work between men and women, as well as profiling part-time workers in terms of pay, career prospects and sectoral distribution. In doing so, the report analyses the effects of this working time arrangement on overall work–life balance.


The physical properties of blood cells and blood flow are important for various biological functions of blood and for biomedical issues, ranging from blood diseases such as malaria to blood-related applications such as drug delivery. The main objective of this thesis is to study the very early stages of hemostasis, the process which stops bleeding after injury. The plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a necessary component in primary hemostasis, especially at high shear rates, when platelets are not able to firmly adhere to an injured vessel wall on their own. A realistic model for this process is developed, in order to better understand how hemostasis occurs in the microvasculature.

 An important role in primary hemostasis is played by VWF concatemers with lengths of a few to tens of microns. Such large lengths make their size comparable to blood cells, i.e. they interact with blood cells as mesoscale objects in a different manner than the simple plasma. The dynamics of VWFs is studied here by mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations in simple shear and capillary flows, with and without blood cells.

 VWFs remain collapsed at low shear rates, due to intra-molecular attractions, while they stretch at shear rates beyond a critical value. The shielding of adhesive ligands of VWFs in the collapsed state makes these proteins shear-sensitive, so that VWFs adhere to vessel walls or platelets only when they are stretched. Thus, at high enough shear rates, VWFs and platelets form aggregates triggered by the shear sensitivity of VWFs for adhesion. Such aggregates are reversible and disappear at low shear rates.

 In blood flow, VWFs migrate toward the vessel walls through a process called margination. VWF margination is mediated by red blood cells since they migrate toward the center of the vessels and push VWFs to the walls. The presence of platelets and stretched VWFs near the vessel walls leads to their spontaneous aggregation. These aggregates are highly porous and deformable and eventually migrate to the center of a blood vessel due to a strong hydrodynamic lift force. Low shear rates at the center of a vessel lead to aggregate dissociation. This is a completely mechanical process which regulates the aggregation and restricts the formation of free-flowing large thrombi.

 In addition to the mechanical regulation of undesired aggregates, the concentration of large VWFs is controlled by the protease enzyme, ADAMTS13, which cleaves stretched VWFs. Modeling of this process shows that VWF polymers get cleaved gradually from their extruded ends, providing enough time for the hemostatic activity. The size distribution of VWFs obeys a power law according to the model predictions.

 The new model presented here for VWF and its aggregation with platelets captures detailed realistic behavior of VWFs and aggregates in flow. It allows the simulation of blood flow and coagulation on the cellular level for the first time, in order to interpret the causes of several VWF-related diseases, and find the possible treatment strategies. Also, the proposed models can be employed in more complex cases, like the blood vessel bifurcations, and blood discharge from the capillaries.


This paper discusses oral translation work carried out in Australia. It argues that the physical presence of the translator is a significant factor both for the act of translation and for the development of typologies of translation. In his highly readable and extremely thought-provoking book Grammatical Man Jeremy Campbell titles one of his chapters "The Struggle against Randomness" (Campbell, 1982:75). I believe that this is an apt definition of our particular concerns with the development of text typologies. I consider it a struggle because in my view we are still grappling with the randomness of phenomena; we are still in a high entropy state. The aim of this paper is to attempt to make a small contribution to the typology debate by outlining some observations of certain data which form part of the random world of texts; these data are different in at least two ways: one, they are derived from the Australian context and two, they refer to "oral translations" which, while being specific to the Australian context are firmly ensconced in the universe of oral translations. I intend to briefly describe the Australian context and then outline the characteristics of that context which sets it apart from others. I shall then discuss a theoretical framework for the observations which will be subsequently described and finally, I shall venture a possible avenue for further investigation.


Photoresponsive block copolymers (PRBCs) containing azobenzenes and other chromophores can be easily prepared by controlled polymerization. Their photoresponsive behaviors are generally based on photoisomerization, photocrosslinking, photoalignment and photoinduced cooperative motions. When the photoactive block forms mesogenic phases upon microphase separation of PRBCs, supramolecular cooperative motion in liquid-crystalline PRBCs enables them to self-organize into hierarchical structures with photoresponsive features. This offers novel opportunities to photocontrol microphase-separated nanostructures of well-defined PRBCs and extends their diverse applications in holograms, nanotemplates, photodeformed devices and microporous films.


Because of the "too-early-to know" feature of innovation, the promotion of innovation in a given system critically depends on the screening mechanisms which terminate inefficient projects. Information imperfection together with sunk costs may cause commitment problems which relax financial constraints and thus disable the screening capability in a centralized economy. This leads to the "too-late-to stop" consequence, that is, the continuation of inferior projects. As an optimal organizational response to this problem, centralized economies often use bureaucratic procedures based on prior information to pre-screen projects. However, pre-screening mitigates the problem at the cost of rejecting promising projects and delaying innovation. In the presence of externalities when returns are non-addictive, the market screening effect may compensate for the inefficient duplication effect, thus innovation in decentralized economies may still be more efficient than in centralised economies. Because of the commitment problem, the optimal number of projects in a centralized economy may be less than that in a decentralized economy. Furthermore, with smaller projects that have a higher probability of failure, a centralized economy starts even fewer parallel research projects than does a decentralized economy, which thus reduces the chances of success. The failure of the computer industry in centralized economies illustrates this point.


Abstract : Some fixed point theorems for a sum of two operators are proved, generalizing to locally convex spaces a fixed point theorem of M. A. Krasnoselskii, for a sum of a completely continuous and a contraction mapping, as well as some of its recent variants. A notion of stability of solutions of nonlinear operator equations in linear topological spaces is formulated in terms of specific topologies on the set of nonlinear operators, and a theorem on the stability of fixed points of a sum of two operators is given. As a byproduct, sufficient conditions for a mapping to be open or to be onto are obtained.


We report on a boy with non-syndromic hearing loss and an apparently balanced translocation t(10;15)(q26.13;q21.1). The same translocation was found in the normally hearing brother, father and paternal grandfather; however, this does not exclude its involvement in disease pathogenesis, for example, by unmasking a second mutation. Breakpoint analysis via FISH with BAC clones and long-range PCR products revealed a disruption of the arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1) gene on translocation chromosome 10 and the solute carrier family 12, member 1 gene (SLC12A1) on translocation chromosome 15. SNP array analysis revealed neither loss nor gain of chromosomal regions in the affected child, and a targeted gene enrichment panel consisting of 130 known deafness genes was negative for pathogenic mutations. The expression patterns in zebrafish and humans did not provide evidence for ear-specific functions of the ATE1 and SLC12A1 genes. Sanger sequencing of the 2 genes in the boy and 180 GJB2 mutation-negative hearing-impaired individuals did not detect homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations. Our study demonstrates the many difficulties in unraveling the molecular causes of a heterogeneous phenotype. We cannot directly implicate disruption of ATE1 and/or SLC12A1 to the abnormal hearing phenotype; however, mutations in these genes may have a role in polygenic or multifactorial forms of hearing impairment. On the other hand, it is conceivable that our patient carries a disease-causing mutation in a so far unidentified deafness gene. Evidently, disruption of ATE1 and/or SLC12A1 gene function alone does not have adverse effects.


Introduction: Indocyanine green dye is hydrophilic due to albumin binding. The dye has fluorescent properties when excited with light of 780 nm (near infrared) and captured with a filter wavelength of 830 nm. It is excreted exclusively via the bile, which would make it suitable as cholangiographic method. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using indocyanine green as fluorescent dye for visualization of the liver and bile ducts by near-infrared stimulation. Application: Experimental Surgery Center University Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin. Design: Prospective, descriptive, experimental. Population: 10 wistar rats of 350 grams laboratory. Method: Anesthesia with ketamine intraperitoneal xylasina. Then performed an inguinotomy, iliac vein dissection intravenous injection of indocyanine green contrast and then we proceeded with a laparotomy. During surgery we evaluated the anatomy of the liver and bile duct field exposure alternating with white xenon light and infrared. Results: In evaluating the operative field with xenon light was observed the liver and duodenum of the rats but could not be clearly identified in any case, the bile duct. When we used optical and infrared vision camera with 830 nm filter were visualized in all cases the bile duct in its entirety and duodenum extrahepatic fluorescent blue color. The hepatic vascular structures of the hilium, both hepatic artery and portal vein, were visualized as tubular structures in black color. Conclusion: Exposure of indocyanine green to infrared light of 780 nm generates a blue fluorescent projec tion insensitive to human vision but sensitive to 830 nanometer filter. When injected intravenously and with its exclusively biliary excretion, allows viewing on a fluorescent hepatobiliary anatomy.


During harvest, pistachios are hulled, separated in water into floater and sinker streams (in large part on the basis of nut density), and then dried before storage. Higher prevalence and levels of Salmonella were previously observed in floater pistachios, but contributing factors are unclear. To examine the behavior of pathogens on hulled pistachios during simulated drying delays, floater and sinker pistachios collected from commercial processors were inoculated at 1 or 3 log CFU/g with cocktails of Salmonella and in some cases Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Listeria monocytogenes and incubated for up to 30 h at 37°C and 90% relative humidity. Populations were measured by plating onto tryptic soy agar and appropriate selective agars. In most cases, no significant growth (P > 0.05) of Salmonella was observed in the first 3 h after inoculation in hulled floaters and sinkers. Growth of Salmonella was greater on floater pistachios than on corresponding sinkers and on floater pistachios with ≥25% hull adhering to the shell surface than on corresponding floaters with <25% adhering hull. Maximum Salmonella populations (2 to 7 log CFU/g) were ∼2-log higher on floaters than on corresponding sinkers. The growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on hulled pistachios was similar, but a longer lag time (approximately 11 h) and significantly lower maximum populations (4 versus 5 to 6 log CFU/g; P < 0.05) were predicted for L. monocytogenes. Significant growth of pathogens on hulled pistachios is possible when delays between hulling and drying are longer than 3 h, and pathogen growth is enhanced in the presence of adhering hull material.


Thermal spray tooling is one of a number of technologies which have been developed to satisfy the need for low cost tooling, which is used when prototype components are required in the correct engineering material. In its current state, the technology has a number of fundamental shortcomings. The aim of this portfolio was to address these shortcomings, via a combination of experimental work and technology demonstrators - these are summarised as follows:

• An experimental programme aimed to quantify many of the problems associated with thermal spray tooling. A wide variety of tests on thermal spray surfaces was carried out, in order to compare their performance with other 'low cost' tooling techniques. For the first time, tooling shells were produced using the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) technique. This system is capable of producing extremely high quality tool shells, and the technique developed involves the novel use of castable ceramic patterns - the first time a releasable pattern has been developed for this spray system. In addition, it was established that 'hybrid' tooling shells could be produced - these were formed using a combination of arc spray and HVOF layers. The work proved that these hybrid shells could provide substantial performance benefits in terms of wear performance and vacuum integrity, when compared to conventional arc sprayed shells - this benefit was also achieved without significant cost penalty. The programme also investigated the effect of thermal cycling on thermal spray samples - it was shown that repeated cycling at high temperature had an adverse effect on both arc sprayed and HVOF samples - the extent of this effect was very much dependent on the material.

• The portfolio includes a technology demonstrator programme, which was carried out for Rover Group to show the potential of thermal spray tooling. The programme entailed the manufacture of a suite of 5 tools for compression moulding of Glass Mat Thermoplastic(GMT). The actual route used for the production of the tooling suite involved many unique features, which had not previously been utilised for thermal spray tooling production. One of the tools is the largest ever produced for compression moulding using thermal spraying, being approximately 4m2, and weighing in excess of 3 tonnes. Due to the compressive stresses involved in the moulding process, conventional resin backing systems were unsuitable for this tooling. It was therefore necessary to use a Chemically Bonded Ceramic (CBC) material, with an exceptionally high compressive strength. However, this material does not adhere to thermal spray surfaces, and it was therefore important to develop a novel fixing method at the interface of the materials. Further to this, in certain cases the use of thermal spraying was precluded by the component geometry - in these cases it was necessary to use the CBC material as the direct tool face. This was the first time that CBC tooling had been used for compression moulding GMT, and it was therefore necessary to develop new post-treatments for this inherently porous material. The moulding operation then entailed the development of specific techniques and conditions for this prototype tooling, which would not generally be used in production - normal moulding conditions for 'production' tooling were therefore inappropriate.

Further work will entail materials development, the introduction of automation and development of design rules, specifically aimed at the production of large tooling for the aerospace and automotive sectors - this will be carried out via a successful project submission under the Innovative Manufacturing Initiative (lMl).


This memo specifies semantics for a Middlebox Communication (MIDCOM)
protocol to be used by MIDCOM agents for interacting with middleboxes
such as firewalls and Network Address Translators (NATs). The
semantics discussion does not include any specification of a concrete
syntax or a transport protocol. However, a concrete protocol is
expected to implement the specified semantics or, more likely, a
superset of it. The MIDCOM protocol semantics is derived from the
MIDCOM requirements, from the MIDCOM framework, and from working group
decisions. This memo provides information for the Internet community.


DisGeNET is a comprehensive discovery platform designed to address a variety of questions concerning the genetic underpinning of human diseases. DisGeNET contains over 380 000 associations between >16 000 genes and 13 000 diseases, which makes it one of the largest repositories currently available of its kind. DisGeNET integrates expert-curated databases with text-mined data, covers information on Mendelian and complex diseases, and includes data from animal disease models. It features a score based on the supporting evidence to prioritize gene-disease associations. It is an open access resource available through a web interface, a Cytoscape plugin and as a Semantic Web resource. The web interface supports user-friendly data exploration and navigation. DisGeNET data can also be analysed via the DisGeNET Cytoscape plugin, and enriched with the annotations of other plugins of this popular network analysis software suite. Finally, the information contained in DisGeNET can be expanded and complemented using Semantic Web technologies and linked to a variety of resources already present in the Linked Data cloud. Hence, DisGeNET offers one of the most comprehensive collections of human gene-disease associations and a valuable set of tools for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases of genetic origin, designed to fulfill the needs of different user profiles, including bioinformaticians, biologists and health-care practitioners. Database URL: http://www.disgenet.org/


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of nutrition and physical activity interventions in the clinical management of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The prevalence of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease continues to rise alongside childhood obesity. Weight loss through lifestyle modification is currently first-line treatment, although supplementation of specific dietary components may be beneficial.

METHODS
Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials assessing nutritional and physical activity interventions. Primary outcome measures were changes to liver biomarkers assessed by imaging, histology, or serum liver function tests. Study quality was evaluated using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist.

RESULTS
Fifteen articles met eligibility criteria investigating nutritional supplementation (vitamin E [n = 6], probiotics [n = 2], omega-3 fatty acids [n = 5]), dietary modification (low glycaemic load [n = 1] and reducing fructose intake [n = 1]). No randomized controlled trials examining physical activity interventions were identified. Vitamin E was ineffective at improving alanine transaminase levels, whereas omega-3 fatty acids decreased hepatic fat content. Probiotics gave mixed results, whereas reduced fructose consumption did not improve primary outcome measures. A low glycaemic load diet and a low-fat diet appeared equally effective in decreasing hepatic fat content and transaminases. Most studies were deemed neutral as assessed by the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist.

CONCLUSIONS
The limited evidence base inhibits the prescription of specific dietary and/or lifestyle strategies for clinical practice. General healthy eating and physical activity guidelines, promoting weight loss, should remain first-line treatment until high-quality evidence emerges that support specific interventions that offer additional clinical benefit.


Italian Fascist propaganda was compared with contemporary right-wing material to explore how political propaganda depicts specific target groups in different historical periods. Taking the theory of delegitimization as the theoretical framework, we analyzed visual images concerning despised social groups used by the Fascist regime and current images of contemporary targets of social resentment used by Lega Nord (currently part of the governing coalition). Images of Jewish and Black people published in the Fascist magazine La Difesa della Razza were classified according to eight delegitimizing strategies, as were images of immigrants used on Lega Nord propaganda posters. Although the target group has changed, six of the eight strategies of delegitimization were used in both periods. In most cases, overlap was found in the way target groups were portrayed in the past and in the present.


During the last 15 years, the social capital literature has grown rapidly. In particular after Robert Putnam's (1993) study of regional governments in Italy, the interest among economists and politologists exploded as Putnam showed that the concept could be used in quantitative explanations of a series of social and economic phenomena. The early literature was unavoidably indiscriminate as to distinguishing between the various elements of social capital, but more recent literature has stressed the need to distinguish between the constituent elements of Putnam's social capital concept, in particular emphasizing the role of social trust. This is in turn defined as the confidence people have that strangers, i.e. fellow citizens on whom they have no specific information, will not take advantage of them (Uslaner, 2002; Bjornskov, 2006). Using the answers to the World Values Survey question "In general, do you think that most people can be trusted?", the by now quite substantial literature has found that social trust is associated with a set of different macroeconomic outcomes: economic growth, the rule of law and overall quality of governance, corruption, education, the extent of violent crime and subjective well-being are all influenced by the propensity of people within any nation to trust each other. The questions are therefore where trust comes from and whether or not it can be affected by public policy. The answers to these questions seem to divide researchers into two camps: the optimists and the pessimists. The former group may be best represented by Knack and Zak (2002) who estimate the effects of education and the rule of law alongside a set of factors that cannot be influenced in the short to medium run. The pessimist group, on the other hand, does not find much of a role for policy as they argue that the empirical associations between social trust and e.g. education or rule of law reflect the reverse causal direction, i.e. that trust has caused part of the cross-country differences in these factors. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of a number of the central factors proposed in the literature and sort out which of those factors are associated with social trust. Although it to some extent rests on earlier work in Uslaner (2002) and Bjornskov (2005), the paper differs from earlier studies in using a much larger sample of countries and including extra factors. It moreover distinguishes between factors affecting individuals' trust radii and social distance, respectively, and explores indirect effects.


In organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems, exciton dissociation and ultrafast charge separation at donor-acceptor heterojunctions both play a key role in controlling the efficiency of the conversion of excitation energy into free charge carriers. In this work, nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on the quantum-classical Liouville equation are employed to study the real-time dynamics of exciton dissociation and charge separation at a model donor-acceptor interface. Benchmark comparisons for a variety of low dimensional donor-acceptor chain models are performed to assess the accuracy of the quantum classical dynamics technique referred to as the forward-backward trajectory solution (FBTS). Although not always quantitative, the FBTS approach offers a reasonable balance between accuracy and computational cost. The short-time dynamics of exciton dissociation in related higher-dimensional lattice models for the interface are also investigated to assess the effect of the dimensionality on the first steps in the mechanism of charge carrier generation.


p73 is related to the well-known tumor suppressor p53 both structurally and functionally: It contains sequences that resemble the p53 DNA binding, transactivation, and oligomerization domains; transcriptionally activates a subset of p53 target genes; and, like p53, can trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The oncogenic protein MDM2 (mouse double minutes 2) binds to both p53 and p73, thereby inhibiting the transcription of target genes (although through different mechanisms). Jeong et al. used a yeast two-hybrid screen to search a human brain cDNA library for proteins that bound p73 and identified p19ras, an alternative-splicing product of the proto-oncogene H-ras. An in vitro binding assay showed that the β isoform of p73 (p73β) bound to a protein containing p21ras amino acids 56 to 170 fused to glutathione S-transferase; moreover, both endogenous and overexpressed p73 and p21ras coimmunoprecipitated from HEK293 cells. Analysis of truncation mutants indicated that p21ras mainly bound to the p73β DNA binding domain. Unlike the more familiar H-ras product p21ras, p19ras is not targeted to the cell membrane, and it colocalized and interacted with p73β in the nucleus. When coexpressed, p19ras stimulated the transcription of a p73β target gene, an effect that depended on its ability to bind p73β. Moreover, p19ras bound MDM2, inhibited the interaction between p73β and MDM2, and blocked the ability of MDM2 to repress the transcription of p73β target genes. Thus, the authors have uncovered an unexpected link through which p19ras promotes p73-dependent signaling pathways. M.-H. Jeong, J. Bae, W.-H. Kim, S.-M. Yoo, J.-W. Kim, P. I. Song, K.-H. Choi, p19ras interacts with and activates p73 by involving the MDM2 protein. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 8707-8715 (2006). [Abstract] [Full Text]


We study the problem of, given a corpus of XML documents and its schema, finding an optimal (generative) probabilistic model, where optimality here means maximizing the likelihood of the particular corpus to be generated. Focusing first on the structure of documents, we present an efficient algorithm for finding the best generative probabilistic model, in the absence of constraints. We further study the problem in the presence of integrity constraints, namely key, inclusion, and domain constraints. We study in this case two different kinds of generators. First, we consider a continuation-test generator that performs, while generating documents, tests of schema satisfiability; these tests prevent from generating a document violating the constraints but, as we will see, they are computationally expensive. We also study a restart generator that may generate an invalid document and, when this is the case, restarts and tries again. Finally, we consider the injection of data values into the structure, to obtain a full XML document. We study different approaches for generating these values.


Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a major concern for the elderly population, currently affecting over 670,000 people in the UK. With the continual increase in the age of the population the problem is expected to rise. There is no known cure to the condition and a definite diagnosis cannot be made in life. Clinical diagnosis is considered to be approximately 80% - 90% accurate, sometimes taking up to a year to assess. Early detection could aid in the care and possible development of better treatments or even a cure. AD has been shown to alter the structure and global texture of the brain. Studies using Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) and Computerised Tomography (CT) have been used to detect these changes with some success by some researchers. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a functional imaging modality and in theory before structural changes are evident functional changes should be apparent. Therefore we utilise PET images for this study. This thesis will exploit the fact that AD alters the global texture of the brain. Texture features extracted from fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) PET images and sinograms of the brain will be used. Most texture feature extraction methods fail, due to poor signal to noise ratio so we will use a novel texture feature extraction method known as the Trace transform - triple features, which can extract features directly from raw data acquired by PET scanners. Classifiers will be used to aid in the separation of the two groups, namely AD patients and normal controls. The Trace transform - triple feature method has proven its potential as a good feature extraction technique. It enabled us to achieve classification accuracy of up to 93% on raw sinogram data using a combination of five features. This result is very good compared with the clinical accuracy of 80% reported by most researcher. It is comparable to results obtained by Kippenhan et al [52, 53, 51, 50], who used regional metabolic activity using PET and a neural network classifier. Monomial features extracted from images achieved accuracies as high as 87%. These features are good discriminators, however, they suffer from lack of scaling invariance. This is problematic as brain sizes do vary considerably. The use of registration and extraction of regional information failed to produce fruitful results. This is principally due to poor registration. The registration failed primarily because a very small cross section of the brain was available. Also the effect of AD alters the structure of the brain. Since the registration relies on matching structure, it becomes questionable whether one can actually register automatically a very degraded AD brain. Gender and age are crucial to the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Age and gender matching is not sufficient to get the best results. This thesis has shown that performance gains of up to 11% can be attained by simply incorporating age and/or gender into the classification model. However, the maximum classification accuracy was not improved any further.


One of the most often cited objections to pretribulationism is that it is a new teaching in church history having only come on the scene in the 1830s. It is often argued that if the pre-trib rapture were biblical then it would have been taught earlier and throughout church history. In the last decade, individuals have found a number of pre-1830 references to a pre-trib rapture. Here is a summary of that evidence.


Interfacial features of polymers are a complex, fascinating topic, and industrially very important. There is clearly a need to understand interactions between polymer layers as they can be used for controlling surface properties, colloidal stability and lubrication. The aim of my Ph.D study was to investigate fundamental phenomena of polymers at interfaces, covering adsorption, interactions between polymer layers and surfactants, surface forces and friction between adsorbed layers.A branched brush layer with high water content was formed on silica surfaces by a diblock copolymer, (METAC)m-b-(PEO45MEMA)n, via physisorption. The adsorption properties were determined using several complementary methods. Interactions between pre-adsorbed branched brush layers and the anionic surfactant SDS were investigated as well. Surface forces and friction between polymer layers in aqueous media were investigated by employing the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique. Friction forces between the surfaces coated by (METAC)m-b-(PEO45MEMA)n in water are characterized by a low friction coefficient. Further, the layers remain intact under high load and shear, and no destruction of the layer was noted even under the highest pressure employed, about 50 MPa.Interactions between polymer layers formed by a temperature responsive diblock copolymer, PIPOZ60-b-PAMPTMA17 (phase transition temperature of 46.1 °C), was investigated in the temperature interval 25-50 °C by using the AFM colloidal probe technique. Friction between the layers increases with increasing temperature (25-45 °C), while at 50 °C friction was found to be slightly lower than that at 45 °C. We suggest that this is due to decreased energy dissipation caused by PIPOZ chains crystallizing in water above the phase transition temperature.The structure of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers was determined by X-ray reflectometry. Surface forces and friction between DPPC bilayer-coated silica surfaces were measured utilizing the AFM colloidal probe technique. Our study showed that DPPC bilayers are able to provide low friction forces both in the gel (below ≈ 41°C) and in the liquid crystalline state (above ≈ 41°C). However, the load bearing capacity is lower in the gel state. This is attributed to a higher rigidity and lower self-healing capacity of the DPPC bilayer in the gel state.Friction forces in single asperity contact acting between a micro-patterned silicon surface and an AFM tip was measured in air. We found that both nanoscale surface heterogeneities and the µm-sized depressions affect friction forces, and considerable reproducible variations were found along a particular scan line. Nevertheless, Amontons' first rule described average friction forces reasonably well. Amontons' third rule and Euler's rule were found to be less applicable to our system.


We consider the literatures on urban systems and New Economic Geography to examine questions concerning agglomeration and how areas respond to shocks to the economic environment. We first propose a diagrammatic framework to compare the two approaches. We then use this framework to study a number of extensions and to consider several policy relevant issues.


Energy consumption in Cloud and High Performance Computing platforms is a significant issue and affects aspects such as the cost of energy and the cooling of the data center. Host level monitoring and prediction provides the groundwork for improving energy efficiency through the placement of workloads. Monitoring must be fast and efficient without unnecessary overhead, to enable scalability. This precludes the use of Watt meters attached per host, requiring alternative approaches such as integrated measurements and models. IPMI and RAPL are subject to error and partial measurement, which may be mitigated. Models allow for prediction and more responsive measures of power consumption, but require calibrating. The causes of calibration error are discussed, along with mitigation strategies, without overly complicating the underlying model. An outcome is a Watt meter emulator that provides hosts level power measurement along with estimated power consumption for a given workload, with an average error of 0.20W.


ABSTRACT Pastoral landscape woody vegetation provides ecosystem services, but potentially competes for space, light and nutrients that could provide additional farm production. A questionnaire determined the values and behaviours of New Zealand dairy farmers to evaluate voluntary agri-environmental programmes for restoring woody vegetation. Findings indicate the area is increasing, while the composition and configuration of networks are changing and redistributing. Farms with little are losing more, and those with more are gaining. Farmers are planting new areas to increase their public ecosystem services, but may not provide these services through planting and management. Barriers include insufficient private woody vegetation ecosystem services, and low rates of growth of native plants. Government incentive programmes are ineffective in overcoming barriers. Farmers may be motivated by stronger evidence of valued ecosystem services, information about their benefits and drawbacks and how to support services through planting and management. However, a targeted environmental stewardship scheme is required to overcome barriers to planting, with government and the dairy industry working together to develop and maintain a landscape-scaled woody vegetation network on private and public land. Such networks would build sustainability and resilience into dairy farming, leading to an equitably sharing of benefits and costs of their public ecosystem services.


In-home monitoring using sensors has the potential to improve the life of elderly and chronically ill persons, assist their family and friends in supervising their status, and provide early warning signs to the person's clinicians. The Get Up and Go test is a clinical test used to assess the balance and gait of a patient. We propose a way to automatically apply an abbreviated version of this test to patients in their residence using video data without body-worn sensors or markers.


Few places are more notorious for civil rights–era violence than Philadelphia, Mississippi, the site of the 1964 "Mississippi Burning" murders. Yet in a striking turn of events, Philadelphia has become a beacon in Mississippi's racial reckoning in the decades since. Claire Whitlinger investigates how this community came to acknowledge its past, offering significant insight into the social impacts of commemoration. Examining two commemorations around key anniversaries of the murders held in 1989 and 2004, Whitlinger shows the differences in how those events unfolded. She also charts how the 2004 commemoration offered a springboard for the trial of former Klan leader Edgar Ray Killen for his role in the 1964 murders, the 2006 passage of Mississippi's Civil Rights/Human Rights education bill, and the initiation of the Mississippi Truth Project. In doing so, Whitlinger provides the first comprehensive account of these high profile events and expands our understanding of how commemorations both emerge out of and catalyze associated memory movements.
Threading a compelling story with theoretical insights, Whitlinger delivers a study that will help scholars, students, and activists alike better understand the dynamics of commemorating difficult pasts, commemorative practices in general, and the links between memory, race, and social change.


Here we present a mechanism to infuse ecology into the classroom using a broadly adaptable system. We developed a novel moss-based project that introduces research-based experiences for middle school students, and can be modified for integration into K-16 classrooms. The project is ecologically relevant, facilliating opportunities for students to experience intimate interactions with ecosystem subtleties by asking their own questions. We describe and suggest how students can develop, build, test, and assess microcosm experiments of their own design, learning the process of science by "doing science." Details on project execution, representative examples of distinctive research-question-based projects are presented. We aim for biology educators to adopt, replicate, modify, and formally assess this relatively simple, low-cost moss-based project across classroom levels. The project provides a chance for students to experience the complexity of a dynamic ecosystem via a research project of their own design as they practice basic tenets of scientific discovery. Editor's Note: The ASM advocates that students must successfully demonstrate the ability to explain and practice safe laboratory techniques. For more information, read the laboratory safety section of the ASM Curriculum Recommendations: Introductory Course in Microbiology and the Guidelines for Biosafety in Teaching Laboratories, available at www.asm.org. The Editors of JMBE recommend that adopters of the protocols included in this article follow a minimum of Biosafety Level 1 practices. Adopters who wish to culture microbes from the moss as an extension of this protocol should follow Biosafety Level 2 practices.


This article argues that, contrary to the position taken by some judges and commentators, morally blameless defendants who have committed torts of strict liability should be able to raise the change of position defence against claimants who sue for a release fee (also known as "Wrotham Park damages"). For the defence to be available, however, release fees need to be understood not as compensatory, as many currently insist, but as gain-based. The defence should not necessarily be available in the context of restitution for wrongs to all defendants who have changed position in good faith, as is the case for unjust enrichment by subtraction. Those who changed position by dissipating wealth for their own benefit should be denied the defence if their breach of the claimant's rights was careless. Defendants who, in contrast, altered their circumstances in such a way that they derived no net enrichment as a result of their wrong should be allowed to rely on the defence, even if they acted without care.


Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used serum marker for prostate cancer (PCa), but has limited specificity for distinguishing early PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, proPSAs, comprised of native proPSA, as well as truncated proPSA forms, [-2] proPSA, [-5] proPSA, and [-7] proPSA, have been shown to be better diagnostic targets than PSA for PCa. Stable isotope labeling-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SIL/MRM-MS) has been frequently used to measure low-abundance biomarkers in tissues and biofluids, owing to its high sensitivity and specificity, simplicity, and multiplexing capability. In this study, we have developed and optimized a strategy using immunoprecipitation in conjunction with SIL/MRM-MS assay which is capable of sensitive and accurate quantification of proPSA in serum. Since serum and plasma are by far the most complex biological fluids, the immunoprecipitation workflow was optimized to achieve sufficient sensitivity, efficiencies of protein purification with immunoaffinity depletion were determined. The developed strategy can detect proPSA and PSA with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) at nanogram per milliliter levels, corresponding to a concentration 6 orders-of-magnitude lower than the most abundant serum proteins. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers, including the mature and precursor forms of PSA, can be achieved in a single multiplexed analysis using LC/MRM-MS. The strategy demonstrated here provides an attractive alternative to ELISAs or RIAs for the reliably measurement of proPSA to improve the specificity of PCa diagnosis.


The last two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in the evaluation and treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy. We now understand the natural history of epilepsy and the causes of medical refractoriness better. The improvement in the localization of the seizure focus through the advances in technology such as digital EEG, structural and functional neuroimaging and stereotactic placement of invasive electrodes have facilitated the selection of ideal surgical candidates and thereby have improved postoperative outcome. A recent randomized, controlled trial confirmed that the seizure outcome is far superior in surgically-treated refractory temporal lobe epilepsy patients when compared to those continued on medical treatment. Today, surgical treatment is certainly a cost-effective option in carefully selected patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy. Developing countries should concentrate on selectively utilizing the recent advances to evolve cost-effective epilepsy surgery programs. It is encouraging to note that more neurology centers in India and other developing nations are currently developing facilities for epilepsy surgery.


Continuous catalytic supercritical water gasification (CSCWG; 400 °C, 28 MPa) of microalgal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris) was carried out at the microalgae production site of ZHAW in Wadenswil (Switzerland) nonstop over a period of 100 h. Microalgae slurries (3–15 wt %) were successfully gasified to a methane-rich gas for 55 h. The low total organic carbon of the reactor effluent (<400 mg L–1) recorded during that period demonstrated the high catalytic activity of the Ru/C catalyst for converting microalgae to the gaseous products. The addition of a sulfur removal step with a commercial zinc oxide adsorbent was essential for protecting the catalyst against sulfur poisoning. A brine effluent rich in nutrients (N, K, S, P, Na) was withdrawn continuously from a salt separator. In summary, the use of a zinc oxide adsorbent upstream of the catalyst bed, together with a higher ruthenium loading of the catalyst, improved the long-term performance of the CSCWG process significantly.


This thesis examines the intellectual significance of early Caribbean writer Herbert George de Lisser in his literary writings and as such is a work of recovery and criticism. Each chapter concentrates on a specific, predominantly European, literary genre and investigates how de Lisser experiments with these genres in order to not only support and recognise the emergence of a local national literature, but also to create a cultural national identity based upon the symbolic use of women to define Jamaica as a nation. Situating de Lisser within colonial discourse and the socio political arena of the British Empire, the introduction sets out the postcolonial theoretical framework and relocates de Lisser within the context of West Indian literature, debating his literary neglect alongside his need to be reclaimed. Chapter I debates the traditional notions of nationhood and examines the dislocation and (re)gendering of nation and nationhood through the lens of women as founders of a nation with the main emphasis on his novel "Anacanoa." Chapter II concentrates on de Lisser's "historical" novels and explores the representation of heroism and the search for a national identity in two of de Lisser's novels, Revenge and Psyche, written at the beginning and the end of his career. This chapter examines the way in which the novels' (re)negotiation of the representations of heroism is explored within individual characters. Chapter III examines women as a symbol of Jamaica through the lens of female independence and national identity. The focus of this chapter rests on de Lisser's literary works that have received a limited amount of literary investigation, namely Jane's Career and Susan Proudleigh, with a third novel "Myrtle and Money" which is not only a sequel to Jane's Career (although written some 30 years later), but also creates a trilogy of texts that serves to represent the political complexities of early twentieth century Jamaica. Chapters IV and V act as sister chapters and examine the representation of women through the (re)clamation and (re)creation of folk legends and the commodification of literature in the novels Morgan's Daughter and The White Witch of Rosehall. These chapters consider how de Lisser's appropriation of a legend encourages that legend to evolve into a symbol for nationalism and historical heritage. Experimenting with the genres of sentimental literature and gothic fiction respectively, de Lisser investigates the dichotomy of European and Jamaican cultures. Chapter VI focuses upon the general constructions of nationhood which are founded upon traditional hegemonic public and private spheres. With an in-depth investigation into his periodical Planters' Punch which was produced from 1920-1945, this chapter analyses how de Lisser continuously blurs these spherical boundaries by creating strong women who are capable of fulfilling the "role" of the male in civilised society and therefore relocates them into the public arena. Finally, the conclusion explores de Lisser's perception of women and highlights how by investigating his literary works through his representation of women, de Lisser is able to be reconciled within a more delineated and inclusive Caribbean literary canon.


Parents play different consumer roles through developing the general cognitive abilities of their
young children related to consumption issues and mediating the influence of other socialisation
agents such as peers and TV commercial advertising on their kids. There is no research examining
the influence of fathers' consumer role, based on dyadic responses, on children's shopping
consumer behaviour related to grocery and food products. The study responds to this gap of
knowledge and utilises the consumer socialisation approach to examine the relative influence of
Jordanian fathers' communication patterns, the cognitive development of children ages 8-12, and
the structural variables on children's shopping consumer skill, knowledge, and attitudes that
related to convenience grocery and food products. The study investigates young children's
perception of fathers' mediation the influence of TV commercial advertising, revises, and
validates the scales of fathers' communication structures. The study also investigates the degree
of similarity "modelling" between young children and their fathers resulting from father-child
interaction in shopping milieu.
A combination of exploratory and survey research design is employed to address the research
objectives. Ten-one hour semi-structured focus group discussions and eleven structured personal
interviews face-to-face experts' survey were firstly conducted to refine the research problem.
Based on proportionate stratified random sampling technique, group interview face-to-face selfadministered
questionnaire and drop-off-pick-up self-administered questionnaire were
respectively employed to solicit father-child dyadic responses (n = 916). The research data were
analysed through six levels of analyses.
The results show that children's learning of shopping consumer role related to grocery and food
products are influenced by fathers' communication patterns, children's cognitive development,
and the gender of children. The effect size of children's cognitive development is more
explanatory than fathers' communication patterns relating to children's shopping consumer skills,
knowledge, and attitudes. The priority of fathers' consumer socialisation goals is related to
fathers' co-shopping with their young children and fathers' mediation of the influence of
commercial advertising on their young children. Fathers' communication patterns are varied by
children cognitive development, the gender of young children, and household income. The
relative influences of different communication patterns on young children's consumer role are
chiefly associated with fathers' pluralistic tendency since Jordanian fathers are more likely
engaged in a high concept-oriented communication structure. The results confirmed that young
Jordanian children imitate their fathers' consumer attitudes and behaviours in the shopping milieu.
The results fill some gaps in the existing literature of children's consumer behaviour, afford
several managerial implications for marketers and for future research in children's consumer
socialisation behaviour, and provide a new opportunity to understand the


This essay borrows the construct of "heedful interrelating" from Weick and Roberts's (1993) study of aircraft carrier flight decks, and uses the construct to analyze the social processes that structure contemporary scholarship in organization theory. We argue that organization theory often operates as a low-heed discipline, in which scholars take minimal heed of the contributions of their fellows. This condition of low heed is revealed in several specific aspects of the discipline: lack of attention to testing previously published theories, lack of emphasis on replication of published empirical research, low standardization of construct definition and measurement, and a minimally developed division of labor between theorists and empirical researchers. We explore the causes of this low-heed state in contemporary organization theory, and we also enumerate some advantages of low heed in the discipline. We devote attention to the effects of low heed on the training of newcomers to the field, and we argue that doctoral education in organization theory is both an effect and a cause of low heed. Finally, we offer some suggestions for incorporating more scholarly heed into organization theory without destroying the major advantage of a low-heed discipline – freedom of inquiry. We also indicate how a cautious increase of heedful interrelating in organization theory might improve the perceived relevance of its research results for management practice.


Abstract There is usually a pattern of veins on an insect wing. This pattern is species-specific and is used taxonomically. For example, the coordinates of some characteristic points on the wing are used to compare vein patterns. The characteristic points are often vein junctions or vein ends. A tool is presented that enables automatic identification of vein junctions. An image of an insect wing is used to determine the wing outline and veins. The vein skeleton is obtained using a thinning algorithm. Bezier splines are fitted to both the wing outline and the vein skeleton. The splines are saved in an encapsulated postscript file. Another output file in text format contains the coordinates of vein junctions. Both the program and its source code are available under GNU General Public License at [www.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~rotofils/drawwing.html]. The program presented in this paper automatically provides a numerical description of an insect wing. It converts an image of an insect wing to a list of coordinates of vein junctions, and a wing diagram that can be used as an illustration. Coordinates of the vein junctions extracted by the program from wing images were used successfully to discriminate between males of Dolichovespula sylvestris and Dolichovespula saxonica.


Treating polyatomic gases in kinetic gas theory requires an appropriate molecule model taking into account the additional internal structure of the gas particles. In this paper we describe two such models, each arising from quite different approaches to this problem. A simulation scheme for solving the corresponding kinetic equations is presented and some numerical results to 1D shockwaves are compared.


Fireflies constitute a paradigm of pulse-coupled oscillators. In order to tackle the problems related to synchronisation transients of pulse-coupled oscillators, a Light-Controlled Oscillator (LCO) model is presented. A single LCO constitutes a one-dimensional relaxation oscillator described by two distinct time-scales meant to mimic fireflies in the sense that: it is capable of emitting light in a pulse-like fashion and detect the emitted by others in order to adjust its oscillation. We present dynamical results for two interacting LCOs in the torus for all possible coupling configurations. Transient times to the synchronous limit cycle are obtained experimentally and numerically as a function of initial conditions and coupling strengths. Scaling laws are found based on dimensional analysis and critical exponents calculated, thus, global dynamic is restricted. Furthermore, an analytical orthogonal transformation that allows to calculate Floquet multipliers directly from the time series is presented. As a consequence, local dynamics is also fully characterized. This transformation can be easily extended to a system with an arbitrary number of interacting LCOs.


We present a novel method that allows for simultaneous geometric and radiometric calibration of a projector-camera pair. It is simple and does not require specialized hardware. We prewarp and align a specially designed projection pattern onto a printed pattern of different colorimetric properties. After capturing the patterns in several orientations, we perform geometric calibration by estimating the corner locations of the two patterns in different color channels. We perform radiometric calibration of the projector by using the information contained inside the projected squares. We show that our method performs on par with current approaches that all require separate geometric and radiometric calibration, while being more efficient and user friendly.