Recommended widths for streamside management zones (SMZs) for sediment protection vary. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of SMZ widths and thinning levels on sediment moving through SMZs. Four SMZ treatments were installed within 16 harvested watersheds where intermittent streams graded into small perennial streams. Sites were clearcut, prescribed burned, and planted with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Treatments were 30.4-, 15.2-, and 7.6-m-wide SMZs without thinning and 15.2-m-wide SMZs with thinning. Three to seven treatments replicated within four blocks created a randomized incomplete block design. Erosion rates from watersheds and sediment trapping within SMZ treatments were monitored with modeling and sediment pins. A second study evaluated 24 subwatersheds within eight watersheds. Three subwatersheds were located within each watershed so sediment traps collected inputs into SMZs from harvest site-prepared areas, firelines, or at streams. SMZ treatments had no significant differences regarding sediment trapping. All SMZs widths were generally effective in trapping sediment. Within the 16 intermittent-perennial watersheds and 24 ephemeral subwatersheds, erosion to sediment delivery ratios from harvests ranged from 3 to 14%. For ephemeral stream subwatersheds, firelines adjacent to SMZs contributed 14% of total sediment. Sediment trap data collected within SMZs indicated that 97% of watershed erosion was trapped before reaching streams. In three subwatersheds, sediment penetrated SMZs due to channelized flow from failed or inadequate water controls on roads and firelines. Results support the common recommendation for SMZ widths of 15.2 m in which partial harvests may occur and emphasize the importance of implementation of best management practices for roads and firelines. FOR. SCI. 56(6):541–551.


Leaf spots or lesions on living plants were collected from the Vientiane area and Bolikhamxay Province of Laos. Any cercosporoid taxa present were recorded, their macroscopic characters observed, cultures were isolated from single spores, and microscopic characters were observed under the microscope. Five Zasmidium species have presently been identified and five of these are new species. In this paper we introduce the taxonomic novelties Zasmidium aporosae, Z. jasminicola, Z. pavettae and Z. suregadae. Furthermore, Stenella manihotis, S. meynae-laxiflorae and S. pseudoramularia are assigned to Zasmidium.


It is generally assumed that adults learn how to talk with children in a special style called child-directed speech. But this cannot be the whole story. Each child's ability to speak and understand is a moving target, changing yearly, weekly, even daily. How could adults adapt to these changes? Evidence shows that in conversation both adults and children try to establish, as they go along, the mutual belief that they have understood each other well enough for current purposes. It is this process, called grounding, that allows adults to infer the child's current abilities and to adapt their speech to that child. Adults, then, learn how to talk with children in the very act of talking with them.


In this paper we derive a differential identity for linearized gravity on the Kerr spacetime and more generally on vacuum spacetimes of Petrov type D. We show that a linear combination of second derivatives of the linearized Weyl tensor can be formed into a complex symmetric 2-tensor Mab which solves the linearized Einstein equations. The identity makes this manifest by relating Mab to two terms solving the linearized Einstein equations by construction. The self-dual Weyl curvature of Mab gives a covariant version of the Teukolsky-Starobinsky identities for linearized gravity which, in addition to the two classical identities for linearized Weyl scalars with extreme spin weights, includes three additional equations. In particular, they are not consequences of the classical Teukolsky-Starobinsky identities, but are additional integrability conditions for linearized gravity. The result has direct application in the construction of symmetry operators and also yields a set of nontrivial gauge invariants for linearized gravity.


The aim of this study is to place the writings of Charles Lamb in the context of his age. His work is assessed in relation to that of his friends and contemporaries, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Keats and Hazlitt, in order to ascertain how far he shared their characteristic preoccu- pations. Because of its central significance in the writings of the early English Romantics, and its problem- atic role in Lamb's own works, the concept of the imagination is employed as an unifying theme for this investigation. The introduction summarizes the history of Lamb r s reputation, and details in particular the fluctuations in critical opinion on the question of whether or not he can be considered a Romantic. In chapter one, Lamb's early relationship with Coleridge is described and its effects upon his imaginative development analyzed. The second chapter concerns itself with the damnation imagery rife throughout Lamb's work; what he makes of the theme is compared with its use in other contemporary writings. In chapter three, another characteristic subject of Lamb's, the glorification of childhood, is similarly analyzed and considered in the context of his age. The next three chapters deal primarily with Lamb's criticism. Chapter four illustrates his critical grasp and appreciation of the central Romantic concept of the imagination as an enhancer of consciousness. His strictures against the extreme 'egotistical sublime' aspects of Romanticism are detailed in the following chapter, mainly in relation to his criticisms of Wordsworth. His close involvement with another category of imaginative activity, the sympathetic imagination, is described in chapter six, and claims are made for his innovative function in its development. The final chapter relates the earlier findings to the Essays of Elia and concludes that a study of Lamb's writings may help to correct imbalances in the conventional idea of the spirit of the age.


ABSTRACT Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are involved in several secretion processes, including secretion of virulence factors, such as toxins or transforming molecules, or bacterial conjugation whereby two mating bacteria exchange genetic material. T4S systems are generally composed of 12 protein components, three of which, termed VirB4, VirB11, and VirD4, are ATPases. VirB4 is the largest protein of the T4S system, is known to play a central role, and interacts with many other T4S system proteins. In this study, we have biochemically characterized the protein TraB, a VirB4 homologue from the pKM101 conjugation T4S system. We demonstrated that TraB is a modular protein, composed of two domains, both able to bind DNA in a non-sequence-specific manner. Surprisingly, both TraB N- and C-terminal domains can bind ATP, revealing a new degenerated nucleotide-binding site in the TraB N-terminal domain. TraB purified from the membrane forms stable dimers and is unable to hydrolyze ATP while, when purified from the soluble fraction, TraB can form hexamers capable of hydrolyzing ATP. Remarkably, both the N- and C-terminal domains display ATP-hydrolyzing activity. These properties define a new class of VirB4 proteins.


Chilling injury represents a major constrain for crops productivity. Prunus persica, one of the most relevant rosacea crops, have early season varieties that are resistant to chilling injury, in contrast to late season varieties, which display chilling symptoms such as mealiness (dry, sandy fruit mesocarp) after prolonged storage at chilling temperatures. To uncover the molecular processes related to the ability of early varieties to withstand mealiness, postharvest and genome-wide RNA-seq assessments were performed in two early and two late varieties. Differences in juice content and ethylene biosynthesis were detected among early and late season fruits that became mealy after exposed to prolonged chilling. Principal component and data distribution analysis revealed that cold-stored late variety fruit displayed an exacerbated and unique transcriptome profile when compared to any other postharvest condition. A differential expression analysis performed using an empirical Bayes mixture modeling approach followed by co-expression and functional enrichment analysis uncover processes related to ethylene, lipids, cell wall, carotenoids and DNA metabolism, light response, and plastid homeostasis associated to the susceptibility or resistance of P. persica varieties to chilling stress. Several of the genes related to these processes are in quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated to mealiness in P. persica. Together, these analyses exemplify how P. persica can be used as a model for studying chilling stress in plants.


The article deals with the scarcely examined question as to how welfare state policy and regulation are related to the quantity and quality of long-term care services. The analysis carried out here supports evidence of a positive influence of social democratic welfare state regimes on the public spending and supply rates of care services. Beside that and a path dependent development recently also a trend towards the convergence of welfare state regimes began, mostly with the conservative regimes catching up. In general there is a trend towards strengthening home care and regulated markets with private for profit suppliers. The importance of regulation and supervision by the state is emphasized through comparative studies from the USA, showing the positive influence of the intensity of controls on the quality of care services. However, despite supervision, (similar to Europe) the number of serious deficiencies remains high and defects often occur without effective consequences. As background it should be emphasized that there is no sufficient, decisive long-term care policy – also in the USA, where relatively strong age-related organizations are reported. Nevertheless, the political background and effects of welfare state regulation in its various forms remain unclear. In this respect, more research into care policy and the effects of welfare state regulation on the quality of care services is necessary.


Krill are key members in marine food webs, and measurement of swimming speed is vital to assess their bioenergetic budgets, feeding, and encounters with predators. We document a consistent and marked diel signal in swimming speed of krill in their natural habitat that is not related to diel vertical migration. The results were obtained using a bottom‐mounted, upward‐looking echo sounder at 150‐m depth in the Oslofjord, Norway, spanning 5 months from late autumn to spring at a temporal resolution of ~1–2 records s−1. Swimming speed was assessed using acoustic target tracking of individual krill. At the start of the registration period, both daytime and nocturnal average swimming speeds of Meganyctiphanes norvegica were ~ 3.5 cm s−1 (~ 1 body lengths ([bl] s−1) in waters with oxygen concentrations of ~ 15–20% O2 saturation. Following intrusion of more oxygenated water, nocturnal average swimming speeds increased to ~ 10 cm s−1 (~ 3 bl s−1), i.e., more than double that of daytime swimming speeds in the same period. We hypothesize that krill activity during the first period was limited by oxygen, and the enhanced swimming at night subsequent to the water renewal is due to increased feeding activity under lessened danger of predation in darkness.


Objectives Internationally, healthcare quality regulators are criticized for failing to respond to patients' complaints. Patient involvement is, therefore, an important item on the policy agenda. However, it can be argued that there is a discrepancy between the patients' perspective and current regulatory approaches. This study examines whether a discrepancy exists between the perspectives of patients and regulators on healthcare quality. Methods A questionnaire was sent to 996 people who had registered a complaint with the Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate to measure expectations of and experiences with the Inspectorate. A taxonomy was used to classify their complaints into the clinical, relationship, or management domains. Results The response was 54%. More complaints about clinical issues (56%, P = 0.000) were investigated by the regulator than complaints about organizational (37%) and relational issues (51%). Patients with complaints about management issues less often indicated (13%, P = 0.002) that healthcare is improved by making their complaint than patients with complaints about clinical or relationship issues did (22%–23%). Patients who reported about relational issues with care providers attached more importance to issuing sanctions against the care provider than other patients (mean score 2.89 versus 2.62–2.68, P = 0.006). Conclusions The predominant clinical approach taken by regulators does not match the patients' perspective of what is relevant for healthcare quality. In addition, patients seem to be more tolerant of what they perceive to be clinical or management errors than of perceived relational deficiencies in care providers. If regulators want to give patients a voice, they should expand their horizon beyond the medical framework.


The report presents the results and conclusions of a pilot study designed to evaluate the potential use of aerial gamma ray measurements in epidemiological investigations of leukaemia. The sources of natural radiation were reviewed and associations between U, Th and K and dose to the human population noted. The association between leukaemia and radiation exposure was also noted, in particular the clear evidence from high dose studies, the potential importance of radium and radon, and the difficulties of achieving statistical significance in case-control studies at environmental dose rates due to the need for large area surveys covering large populations.

Aerial surveys were conducted in three disjoint grids selected by the Leukaemia Research Fund Clinical epidemiology unit at Leeds University. The areas covered some 2,500 km, and were surveyed in a 50 hour fieldwork period in September 1989. Over 4800 gamma spectra were recorded, representing between 200 and 400 times the number of measurements per unit area of the NRPB national maps, and an area sampling density some 106 times greater. The data were used to estimate specific activities of potassium, uranium and thorium. Environmental infinite matrix alpha and beta dose rates were calculated using equilibrium assumptions and gamma ray dose rates were estimated directly from the spectra. Mean values for gamma dose rates were compatible with NRPB estimates for the counties. The detailed gamma ray maps demonstrate that both radiation levels, and quality show local variations within each survey grid of a magnitude comparable with that observed in whole of the UK in national maps. Considerable caution is thus needed in using national data for epidemiological studies. Local variations, which can be clearly associated with underlying geological and geomorphological structures should be taken into account in such work. No significant enhancements were noted due to activities at the Devonport Dockyard, in keeping with published ground based monitoring. The main enhancement in the vicinity of Hinkley Point was due to the authorised discharge of 41Ar, which was clearly detected in the survey.

Two methods for associating the radiometric results with epidemiological data were developed and applied. A case-control study was performed by matching case and control locations to individual spatially averaged radiometric results and comparing the associated radiation levels. The second method evaluated radiation stratified incidence rates by combining stratified case radiometric data with similar information estimated from a population density surface constructed for the grids. Weighted regression analysis was used to assess any associations. The results are in general limited by the low number of leukaemia cases within the study area, resulting in statistically weak or insignificant links. However positive associations between equivalent uranium and leukaemia, particularly in the grid including the rivers Tavy and Tamar, were observed in both case-control and incidence rate analyses. A negative association with equivalent Thorium observed in the incidence rate analysis was not reproduced in case-control comparisons.

This approach could be extended to larger area studies to increase statistical power. In parallel investigations of the relationship between environmental and individual radiation exposure, and investigation of the potential association between radium, or radon and leukaemia following the trends observed here would be appropriate.


The increasing agility of business requires an accelerated adaptation of organizations to continuously changing conditions. Individual and organizational learning are prominent means to achieve this. Hereby learning is always accompanied by the development of knowledge artifacts. For the entire of learning and artifact development the term knowledge maturing has been introduced recently, which focuses on these three manifestations of knowledge: cognifacts, sociofacts, and artifacts. In this paper we will focus on sociofacts as the subject-bound knowledge manifestation of social actions. Sociofacts are rooted in respective cognifacts play an independent role due to their binding to collective actions and subjects. These are particularly difficult to grasp but play a decisive role for the performance of organizations and the collaboration in there. The presented paper approaches the notion of sociofacts, discusses them on a theoretical level and establishes a first formal notation for sociofacts. We use the case of a merger between two companies to describe the advantages of sociofact analysis for such process. Some sociofact related problems during a merger are described and possible solutions are presented. We identify technical approaches for seizing sociofacts from tool-mediated social interaction and discuss open question for future research.


Reference work is neither an art nor a science. Its motivating virtue is indeed an intellectual virtue, but the one most difficult to teach: what Aristotle called phronesis, which is usually translated as prudence or practical wisdom. Reference is a phronetic activity. The concept of "virtue ethics," and Aristotle's views on virtue are applied to library reference, and applied to being a reference librarian.


We construct a group $K_n$ with properties similar to infinite Coxeter groups. In particular, it has a geometric representation featuring hyperplanes, simplicial chambers and a Tits cone. The generators of $K_n$ are given by $2$-element subsets of $\{0,\ldots,n\}$. We provide some generalities to deal with groups like these. We give some easy combinatorial results on the finite residues of $K_n$, which are equivalent to certain simplicial real central hyperplane arrangements.


This paper reports on a consultative development cycle with remote indigenous peoples around Australia, the protocols established for their respectful engagement, and evaluation of the digital storytelling game engine developed for them. The Digital Songlines (DSL) digital storytelling project is funded by the Australasian Cooperative Research Centre for Interaction Design (ACID). The project has been developing protocols, methodologies and toolkits to facilitate the collection, education and sharing of Australian indigenous cultural heritage knowledge since 2004. The project explores the areas of effective recording, content management and virtual reality delivery capabilities that are culturally sensitive and involve the indigenous custodians, leaders and communities from around Australia. It investigates how players, in a serious gaming sense, can experience Indigenous virtual heritage in a high fidelity fashion with culturally appropriate interface tools. This paper reports on evaluation of its effectiveness in the field.


Research in self-adaptive systems often uses web applications as target systems, running the actual software on real web servers. This approach has three drawbacks. First, these systems are not easy and/or cheap to deploy. Second, run-time conditions cannot be replicated exactly to compare different adaptation approaches due to uncontrolled factors. Third, running experiments is time-consuming. To address these issues, we present SWIM, an exemplar that simulates a web application. SWIM can be used as a target system with an external adaptation manager interacting with it through its TCP-based interface. Since the servers are simulated, this use case addresses the first two problems. The full benefit of SWIM is attained when the adaptation manager is built as a simulation module. An experiment using a simulated 60-server cluster, processing 18 hours of traffic with 29 million requests takes only 5 minutes to run on a laptop computer. SWIM has been used for evaluating self-adaptation approaches, and for a comparative study of model-based predictive approaches to self-adaptation.


We report the faithful reproduction of the self-organized aggregation behavior of the German cockroach Blattella germanica with a group of robots. We describe the implementation of the biological model provided by Jeanson et al. in Alice robots, and we compare the behaviors of the cockroaches and the robots using the same experimental and analytical methodology. We show that the aggregation behavior of the German cockroach was successfully transferred to the Alice robot despite strong differences between robots and animals at the perceptual, actuatorial, and computational levels. This article highlights some of the major constraints one may encounter during such a work and proposes general principles to ensure that the behavioral model is accurately transferred to the artificial agents.


The manifestations of allergy at pediatric age are diverse, being the clinical mirror of an extended spectrum of pathologies. The incidence of childhood allergy is increasing both worldwide and in Romania. This study attempts to achieve an epidemiological profile for the child with allergy by identifying common elements in a group of 1,567 children.


Background and objectives: Familiarity with the appropriate soil conditions for Pistacia atlantica leads to improve and develop forest vegetation cover in Zagros zone. The main aim of this research was investigate suitable soil characteristics ranges for natural growth of this species in Fars province. Materials and Methods: Field studies and soil sampling was done based on network sampling (20×20 km grid) in wild pistachio forests of Fars province with crucified pattern. The filed study showed mountain and hilly land are the main land types that pistachio species have placed on them. These land types include the displacement of rock, stone and gravel as high and low soil depth with moderate to severe water erosion. Results: Main physical and chemical properties measurement of soil samples showed that the only limiting growth factor has been the low soil depth. The low effective soil depth and light soil texture are the most important limiting factor on soil moisture storage ability (from rain). This deficiency, transition from drought or very dry periods (resulting from an undesirable distribution of rain) makes it difficult. Statistical analysis methods based on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) shows that wide ranges in soil characters, even up to about 40% differentiation in the measured properties do not make restrictions for pistachio Natural growth. Ecologically, Pistacia atlantica is a drought-tolerant plant. Wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) is one of the high resistance species in wide range of soil condition (soil characteristics) and this feature (desirable survival) make it favorite for Zagros forest rehabilitation. Conclusion: Land and grazing management (land use planning), along with watershed management practices can conserve and improve soil and environment of wild pistachio habitats of the Zagros forests.


Between 1991 and 2008 a total of 71 fish species was recorded in the brackish and fresh water zone of the Schelde estuary (Zeeschelde). The results were obtained from fish surveys from the cooling water filter screens of the power plant at Doel (between 1991 and 2008) and fyke net surveys along the length of the estuary between 1995 and 2008. Species abundance in the different salinity zones was analysed using the fyke net data only. The ten most abundant species represent 90.8% of the total number of individuals caught. In decreasing order of abundance: flounder (Platichthys flesus), roach (Rutilus rutilus), herring (Clupea harengus), eel (Anguilla anguilla), pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), sole (Solea solea), common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and white bream (Blicca bjoerkna). With fyke nets 33 species were caught in the tidal freshwater zone, 43 species in the oligohaline zone and 59 species in the mesohaline zone. Each salinity zone is characterised by a typical fish assemblage, although some species are shared between all three salinity zones: e.g. three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Prussian carp (Carrasius gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and eel (Anguilla anguilla). Diadromous species occur in all zones and make up, on average up 22% of the species richness. Freshwater species comprise about 70% of the species in the tidal freshwater zone. In the oligohaline zone the contribution of the freshwater species to the species richness is less while marine migrants become more abundant. As expected, the contribution of marine migrants and estuarine species is higher in the mesohaline zone. The recent increase in species richness in the freshwater and oligohaline zone coincides with a remarkable increase in dissolved oxygen since 2007.


The global burden of road traffic casualties is estimated at US$5l8 billion in direct economic costs. Road traffic crashes are now preventable and predictable as demonstrated by the existence of many proven and cost effective intervention strategies, a result of three decades of research and development in high income countries. While remarkable progress has been made towards the provision of safe, sustainable and affordable means of transport in high income countries where road traffic deaths are on a declining trend, the global road traffic safety situation is however expected to get worse by 2020, in view of increasing deaths in the low to middle income countries, due to rapid motorization against the background of inadequate road infrastructure with poorly maintained roads, passive traffic law enforcement and corruption, inadequate health services, lack of funds, and inadequate data collection and research. These countries have thus experienced little or no success in resolving the problem of road traffic safety. Since South Africa falls into this latter category, this paper supports the thesis that the issue with road traffic deaths and injuries is a global problem requiring national capacity to be part of a global cooperation and responsibility. Given the recent institutionalized framework for planning, organizing and implementing the strategy for road safety management (the Road to Safety 20012005), the relatively high mortality rate of 27 per 100000 population and the R13.8 billion in direct social costs to the economy, remains the challenge to build a strong political advocacy to enable the achievement of conditions for a sustainable national road safety capacity to manage road traffic safety. This calls for a comprehensive set of cost effective countermeasures. Most country successes have had a good political will complemented by a systems approach. Despite a good start with the Road to Safety 2001-2005, successes and mistakes made in high income countries as well as in low to middle income countries, can benefit South Africa in the design and implementation of a multisectoral national road safety strategy with the health sector playing a major role, in order to achieve significant reductions in road traffic deaths and injuries on our roads.


Processes responsible for high-grade gold enrichment are of significant economic interest and have long been elusive. Structural and geophysical models postulate that earthquake-induced fault-valve processes are frequently responsible for gold mineralization in structurally controlled hydrothermal systems, although a comprehensive geochemical record of these processes has been lacking. The Porgera gold deposit (Papua New Guinea) provides an opportunity to examine the complex processes surrounding high-grade Au mineralization in structurally controlled hydrothermal systems. New high-resolution trace element and sulfur isotope data obtained in situ by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–stable isotope analysis of pyrite across a well-constrained paragenetic sequence reveal a temporal evolution in fluid chemistry. The data uncover a stratigraphy of repeated high-Au negative δ 34 S and low-Au positive δ 34 S zones within individual pyrite crystals present in the highest grade gold event (stage II). Results provide the first clear geochemical documentation of rapid, complete switching in ore-forming processes, preserved in individual pyrite crystals throughout an evolving hydrothermal system. It is postulated that geochemical variations are attributable to rapid Au deposition during pressure release due to fault failure followed by switching to more reduced rock-buffered (metal poor) fluids from adjacent sediments as the rupture seals. The cyclicity of this process is reflected in the pyrite zonation seen at the Porgera deposit. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying contemporary analytical techniques to pyrite in hydrothermal systems to gain new insights into ore genesis and fluid pathways, revealing that deposition of exceptionally high grade ore at the Porgera deposit was the result of multiple events in a fluctuating ore-forming environment.


This paper compares the Korean War experiences of two ethnically Japanese groups that served the US military on the Korean Peninsula – second-generation Japanese American (Nisei) soldiers in the US Military Intelligence Service (MIS) and Japanese laborers – to demonstrate the salience of citizenship in the post-1945 Asia Pacific. In particular, this research addresses the question, "how did the politics of repatriation differentiate the experiences of Japanese Americans from those of Japanese nationals, both serving the US military during the Korean War?" This service ranged from (Nisei) American repatriation interrogators of Korean and Chinese civilians, to prisoners of war (POWs), and included clandestine Japanese laborerrepatriates, respectively. Archival material (Harrington Files 1940s-1970s), biographies (McNaughton 1994, 2007), declassified military documents and ground-breaking histories (Takemae 2002; Fujitani 2011; Morris-Suzuki 2011, 2012; Kim 2013; Jager 2013) are viewed through critical discourse analysis (CDA) Fairclough 1989, 1995; Janks 1997) to develop a transregional decolonial framework that reimagines critically the role of the US military in unresolved conflicts over sovereignty and identity formation in the Asia Pacific. Findings reveal that experiences with repatriation reinforce and challenge racial constructs differently for Japanese and Japanese Americans. Finally, they expose distinctions in labor, as well as individual yearnings for postwar mobility. (Word count: 200)


This paper briefly analyses the proposal by the European Commission to establish SURE, the
'European instrument for temporary support to mitigate unemployment risks in an
emergency'.
The SURE facility would borrow up to €100 billion on the financial markets, lend it to member
states to finance short-time work schemes and similar measures, using guarantees from the
member states themselves.
The analysis makes the point that the scheme should be seen, first and foremost, as a proof
of European solidarity to counter hostile propaganda from Russia and China about the EU's
ineffectiveness. It can also have an impact on national policies to deal with the coronavirus
and to assist the most damaged and/or fiscally weak member states, but this effect is likely to
be limited. Potentially, the most important feature of SURE is that it explicitly refers to itself
as the forerunner of a future European Unemployment insurance scheme.


The high renal oxygen (O2) demand is associated primarily with tubular O2 consumption (Qo2) necessary for solute reabsorption. Increasing O2 delivery relative to demand via increased blood flow results in augmented tubular electrolyte load following elevated glomerular filtration, which, in turn, increases metabolic demand. Consequently, elevated kidney metabolism results in decreased tissue oxygen tension. The metabolic efficiency for solute transport (Qo2/TNa) varies not only between different nephron sites, but also under different conditions of fluid homeostasis and disease. Contributing mechanisms include the presence of different Na+ transporters, different levels of oxidative stress and segmental tubular dysfunction. Sustained hyperglycaemia results in increased kidney Qo2, partly due to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced electrolyte transport efficiency. This results in intrarenal tissue hypoxia because the increased Qo2 is not matched by a similar increase in O2 delivery. Hypertension leads to renal hypoxia, mediated by increased angiotensin receptor tonus and oxidative stress. Reduced uptake in the proximal tubule increases load to the thick ascending limb. There, the increased load is reabsorbed, but at greater O2 cost. The combination of hypertension, angiotensin II and oxidative stress initiates events leading to renal damage and reduced function. Tissue hypoxia is now recognized as a unifying pathway to chronic kidney disease. We have gained good knowledge about major changes in O2 metabolism occurring in diabetic and hypertensive kidneys. However, further efforts are needed to elucidate how these alterations can be prevented or reversed before translation into clinical practice.


We examine how bank funding structure and securitization activities affect the currency denomination of business loans. We analyze a unique dataset that includes information on the requested and granted loan currency for 99,490 loans granted to 57,464 firms by a Bulgarian bank. Our findings document that foreign currency lending is at least partially driven by bank eagerness to match the currency structure of assets with that of liabilities. Our results also show that loan currency, as well as loan amount and maturity, are adjusted to make loans eligible for securitization.


Are you just playing--or playing to win? Strategy is not complex. But it is hard. It's hard because it forces people and organizations to make specific choices about their future--something that doesn't happen in most companies. Now two of today's best-known business thinkers get to the heart of strategy--explaining what it's for, how to think about it, why you need it, and how to get it done. And they use one of the most successful corporate turnarounds of the past century, which they achieved together, to prove their point. A.G. Lafley, former CEO of Procter & Gamble, in close partnership with strategic adviser Roger Martin, doubled P&G's sales, quadrupled its profits, and increased its market value by more than $100 billion in just ten years. Now, drawn from their years of experience at P&G and the Rotman School of Management, where Martin is dean, this book shows how leaders in organizations of all sizes can guide everyday actions with larger strategic goals built around the clear, essential elements that determine business success--where to play and how to win. The result is a playbook for winning. Lafley and Martin have created a set of five essential strategic choices that, when addressed in an integrated way, will move you ahead of your competitors. They are: * What is our winning aspiration? * Where will we play? * How will we win? * What capabilities must we have in place to win? * What management systems are required to support our choices? The stories of how P&G repeatedly won by applying this method to iconic brands such as Olay, Bounty, Gillette, Swiffer, and Febreze clearly illustrate how deciding on a strategic approach--and then making the right choices to support it--makes the difference between just playing the game and actually winning.


Personality is thought to affect obesity risk but before such information can be incorporated into prevention and intervention plans, robust and converging evidence concerning the most relevant personality traits is needed. We performed a meta‐analysis based on individual–participant data from nine cohort studies to examine whether broad‐level personality traits predict the development and persistence of obesity (n = 78,931 men and women; mean age 50 years). Personality was assessed using inventories of the Five‐Factor Model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience). High conscientiousness – reflecting high self‐control, orderliness and adherence to social norms – was associated with lower obesity risk across studies (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80–0.88 per 1 standard deviation increment in conscientiousness). Over a mean follow‐up of 5.4 years, conscientiousness predicted lower obesity risk in initially non‐obese individuals (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85–0.92; n = 33,981) and was associated with greater likelihood of reversion to non‐obese among initially obese individuals (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01–1.14; n = 9,657). Other personality traits were not associated with obesity in the pooled analysis, and there was substantial heterogeneity in the associations between studies. The findings indicate that conscientiousness may be the only broad‐level personality trait of the Five‐Factor Model that is consistently associated with obesity across populations.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Acceptance may be an important therapeutic process in sleep medicine, but valid psychometric instruments measuring acceptance related to sleep difficulties are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of acceptance in insomnia, and to examine its factor structure as well as construct validity.

DESIGN
In a cross-sectional design, a principal component analysis for item reduction was conducted on a first sample (A) and a confirmatory factor analysis on a second sample (B). Construct validity was tested on a combined sample (C).

SETTING
Questionnaire items were derived from a measure of acceptance in chronic pain, and data were gathered through screening or available from pretreatment assessments in four insomnia treatment trials, administered online, via bibliotherapy and in primary care.

PARTICIPANTS
Adults with insomnia: 372 in sample A and 215 in sample B. Sample C (n = 820) included sample A and B with another 233 participants added.

MEASURES
Construct validity was assessed through relations with established acceptance and sleep scales.

RESULTS
The principal component analysis presented a two-factor solution with eight items, explaining 65.9% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the solution. Acceptance of sleep problems was more closely related to subjective symptoms and consequences of insomnia than to diary description of sleep, or to acceptance of general private events.

CONCLUSIONS
The Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire (SPAQ), containing the subscales "Activity Engagement" and "Willingness", is a valid tool to assess acceptance of insomnia.


This application note describes different measurement techniques and methods for an automotive lighting module based on a hybrid controller design. Of course, a lighting module in such an environment has to fulfil requirements according to the automotive standard, which is typically a relatively high-level standard compare to the industry standard. The oscilloscope is a perfect tool for this application to verify the set of requirements because time domain signals (analog and digital) are present in the whole design. Furthermore, measurements in the frequency domain have to be performed, which a modern oscilloscope can fulfil. In addition to the oscilloscope, a programmable power supply supports the measurement in several measurements. The set of requirements are the main reason why a hybrid controller from Microchip is a great choice for this design because it provides tremendous analogue and digital capabilities. The hybrid controller provides beside the analogue functions like an operational amplifier digital functions like analog-to-digital converter and interface functions like UART, CAN or LIN to interact with other systems. The programmable software part is hosted in the digital part. The digital part of the controller implements the communication interface and provides status information to the outer system controller. The light source itself has to avoid any flicker and shall be capable to dim to different lighting levels. Wide input voltage variations and efficiency have to be taken into account during the design of a converter dedicated for automotive applications. Nevertheless, the measurement considerations presented with the design are valid and applicable in other professional lighting industries as well.


Acute trauma, and Rudolf Otto's psychology of religion theory as means for healing Empirical studies confirm that quantitative research is limited as far as the analysis, description and explanation of traumatic experiences are concerned. It is after all virtually impossible to quantify emotions. This article aims to overcome this obstacle by applying Rudolf Otto's theory of psychology of religion, and more specifically his theory on the transformation of fear ( tremens ) into awe ( fascinans ), to pastoral care with traumatised persons. Trauma is the internal experience of an external event, and causes fear and alienation. In psychology of religion, fear pertains to alienation from God and fellow believers, whereas awe refers to the emotionally laden response to transcendence. Moving from fear to awe leads to wholeness within a person, and peace in human interactions. Wholeness overcomes alienation, and facilitates respect for God and fellow human beings. Both fear and awe belong to what Otto calls the 'numinous', which is conceptualised in terms of pastoral care in this article.


Symbolic execution is a static-analysis technique that has been used for applications such as test-input generation and change analysis. Symbolic execution's path sensitivity makes scaling it difficult. Despite recent advances that reduce the number of paths to explore, the scalability problem remains. Moreover, there are applications that require the analysis of all paths in a program fragment, which exacerbate the scalability problem. In this paper, we present a new technique, called Symbolic Program Approximation (SPA), that performs an approximation of the symbolic execution of all paths between two program points by abstracting away certain symbolic subterms to make the symbolic analysis practical, at the cost of some precision. We discuss several applications of SPA, including testing of software changes and static invariant discovery. We also present a tool that implements SPA and an empirical evaluation on change analysis and testing that shows the applicability, effectiveness, and potential of our technique.


A section containing the Cretaceous/Paleogene (= Cretaceous/Tertiary) boundary in Monmouth County, New Jersey, preserves a record of ammonites extending from the end of the Cretaceous into possibly the beginning of the Danian. The section includes the upper part of the Tinton Formation and lower part of the Hornerstown Formation. The top of the Tinton Formation is represented by a richly fossiliferous unit (the Pinna Layer) that contains many bivalves in life position as well as ammonite jaws preserved inside body chambers. Ammonites include Pachydiscus (Neodesmoceras) mokotibensis, Sphenodiscus lobatus, Eubaculites carinatus, E. latecarinatus; Discoscaphites iris, D. sphaeroidalis; D. minardi, and D. jerseyensis. The Pinna Layer probably represents a relatively short interval of time lasting tens to hundreds of years; it is conformably overlain by the Burrowed Unit, which contains a single fragment of Discoscaphites sp. and several fragments of E. latecarinatus, as well as several isolated specimens of ammonite jaws including two of Eubaculites. Examination of the mode of preservation of the ammonites and jaws suggests that they were fossilized during deposition of the Burrowed Unit and were not reworked from older deposits. Based on the ammonites and dinoflagellates in the Pinna Layer and the Burrowed Unit, these strata traditionally would be assigned to the uppermost Maastrichtian, corresponding to calcareous nannofossil Subzone CC26b. However, a weak iridium anomaly (500–600 pg/g) is present at the base of the Pinna Layer, which presumably represents the record of the bolide impact. Correlation with the iridium layer at the Global Stratotype Section and Point at El Kef, Tunisia, would, therefore, imply that these assemblages are actually Danian, provided that the iridium anomaly is in place and the ammonites and dinoflagellates are not reworked. If the iridium anomaly is in place, or even if it has migrated downward from the top of the Pinna Layer, the ammonites would have survived the impact at this site for a brief interval of time lasting from a few days to hundreds of years.


An experimental study was conducted to investigate the behavior of composite concrete beams damaged and cracked under pure torsion, and then repaired by external strengthening. This was achieved using high strength Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates bonded with epoxy four composite modify reactive powder concrete (MRPC) I-beams. Different types of section (Solid & with opening) were tested to obtain the effect of amount of CFRP laminate on beams ultimate torque behavior, angle of twist and failure modes. The results obtained showed that a significant effect of external high strength CFRP laminates on effectively restore of section solid, the range of 89.8% to 91.2% of ultimate torsional strength effectively restored as well as effectively restoring of section opening by 83.48% - 86.67% of ultimate torsional strength. The repaired beams give high efficiency in ultimate torsional strength, and indicate that the adopted technique gives a good torsional strength.


Accurate pointing is an obstacle to computer access for individuals who experience motor impairments. One of the main barriers to assisting individuals with pointing problems is a lack of frequent and low-cost assessment of pointing ability. We are working to build technology to automatically assess pointing problems during every day (or real-world) computer use. To this end, we have gathered and studied real-world pointing use from individuals with motor impairments and older adults. We have used this data to develop novel techniques to analyze pointing performance. In this article, we present learned statistical models that distinguish between pointing actions from diverse populations using real-world pointing samples. We describe how our models could be used to support individuals with different abilities sharing a computer, or one individual who experiences temporary pointing problems. Our investigation contributes to a better understanding of real-world pointing. We hope that these techniques will be used to develop systems that can automatically adapt to users' current needs in real-world computing environments.


A VRF (variable refrigerant flow) air conditioning, having a number of air handling units connected to an external condensing unit, commonly uses two or more compressors in the system. The complicated piping system of the VRF air conditioning causes difficulties for refrigerant oils to return back to each compressor, especially for compressors operating in different frequencies. Compressors need lubrication in operation process, otherwise the compressor will burn out because of wearing and overheating. Therefore, whether refrigerant oils can successfully return back to each compressor has become a key issue in the VRF air conditioning system. To this regard, this report studied refrigerant oil retention of each compressor operating in different frequencies in an air conditioning system with two compressors in parallel and proposed a simple strategy for the refrigerant oil retention of compressors to keep lubricants balanced in two compressors.


In this work we study how the stimulus distribution influences the optimal coding of an individual neuron. Closed-form solutions to the optimal sigmoidal tuning curve are provided for a neuron obeying Poisson statistics under a given stimulus distribution. We consider a variety of optimality criteria, including maximizing discriminability, maximizing mutual information and minimizing estimation error under a general Lp norm. We generalize the Cramer-Rao lower bound and show how the Lp loss can be written as a functional of the Fisher Information in the asymptotic limit, by proving the moment convergence of certain functions of Poisson random variables. In this manner, we show how the optimal tuning curve depends upon the loss function, and the equivalence of maximizing mutual information with minimizing Lp loss in the limit as p goes to zero.


Abstract. We designed three-dimensional dynamically self-consistent laboratory models of subduction to analyse the relationships between overriding plate deformation and subduction dynamics in the upper mantle. We investigated the effects of the subduction of a lithosphere of laterally variable buoyancy on the temporal evolution of trench kinematics and shape, horizontal flow at the top of the asthenosphere, dynamic topography and deformation of the overriding plate. Two subducting units, which correspond to a negatively buoyant oceanic plate and positively buoyant continental one, are juxtaposed via a trench-perpendicular interface (analogue to a tear fault) that is either fully-coupled or shear-stress free. Differential rates of trench retreat, in excess of 6 cm yr−1 between the two units, trigger a more vigorous mantle flow above the oceanic slab unit than above the continental slab unit. The resulting asymmetrical sublithospheric flow shears the overriding plate in front of the tear fault, and deformation gradually switches from extension to transtension through time. The consistency between our models results and geological observations suggests that the Late Cenozoic deformation of the Aegean domain, including the formation of the North Aegean Trough and Central Hellenic Shear zone, results from the spatial variations in the buoyancy of the subducting lithosphere. In particular, the lateral changes of the subduction regime caused by the Early Pliocene subduction of the old oceanic Ionian plate redesigned mantle flow and excited an increasingly vigorous dextral shear underneath the overriding plate. The models suggest that it is the inception of the Kefalonia Fault that caused the transition between an extension dominated tectonic regime to transtension, in the North Aegean, Mainland Greece and Peloponnese. The subduction of the tear fault may also have helped the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault into the Aegean domain.


Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that differentiate in serum-supplemented media give rise to hematopoietic cells such as erythrocytes and macrophages. Along the way, they pass through three intermediate stages, epiblast-like, mesodermal, and hemangioblast, which are distinguishable by gene expression profile, developmental potential, and morphology. Pearson et al. describe a serum-free culture method that recapitulates this differentiation pathway, and they used it to identify the stage-specific requirements for each cytokine. Cell identities were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of marker gene expression and by developmental potential as assayed by cell morphology in colonies after replating. A cocktail of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), activin A, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicked serum in directing ES cell fate. ES cells treated with BMP4 passed through an epiblast-like stage before expressing mesoderm-specific genes such as Mesp2 and Tbx6. Without further treatment, mesodermal precursor cells gave rise to hemangioblasts and other mesodermal derivatives that were not observed in serum-directed differentiation, indicating that they retained pluripotency. However, continuing the treatment of these cells with a combination of FGF2 and activin A induced only the formation of hemangioblasts. Addition of VEGF caused the cells to differentiate into hematopoietic cells. The authors have identified a handful of factors that can direct the differentiation of ES cells to a particular subset of fates in vitro, a necessary prelude to understanding how lineage restriction may by regulated in stem cells in vivo and how it may be manipulated in vitro. S. Pearson, P. Sroczynska, G. Lacaud, V. Kouskoff, The stepwise specification of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic fate is driven by sequential exposure to Bmp4, activin A, bFGF and VEGF. Development 135, 1525-1535 (2008). [Abstract] [Full Text]


This portfolio and the accompanying competency folders contain over three years of reflective practice logs and demonstrate evidence of how I have met the required competencies for the Professional Doctorate in Health Psychology. In the form of four case studies, one systematic review and a research thesis conducted over a period of two years, it shows my range of knowledge and skills gained within Health Psychology. Further to this, it demonstrates how I have learnt practically to apply health psychology theory to a commissioned health improvement service in order to become a skilled Health Psychology Practitioner.

The largest section of this portfolio is that of my research study (section C3) and reflecting back on the process of undertaking this, I can certainly see significant growth in skills as a researcher. I originally undertook the study because, as a weight management practitioner, I often came across obese patients who believed that they were food addicts. However, despite there being a large body of research looking at the topic, very little qualitative research existed which attempted to explore the experience of perceived food addiction in those trying to lose weight. Such research as was available took the approach that 'food addiction' could simply be mapped onto the existing criteria for substance use disorder rather than approaching it from a neutral standpoint which might allow unique features of the experience to come to light. During the process I found myself influenced by previous research and had repeatedly to remind myself of my original aims. The results of this study identified extreme uncontrolled eating behaviours that are not currently targeted in standard weight management interventions and which participants interpreted as food addiction. They also reported feeling stigmatised due to their belief in food addiction which posed as a barrier to seeking help. I believe that these are important findings and have implications both for those designing weight management interventions and for health care professionals in general.

The systematic review I undertook (section C3.1) was particularly challenging for me because I had never undertaken one before. Although protocols do exist, I had to make some key preliminary decisions myself and often doubted my judgement. My review looked at the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions a range of physical and psychological measures relating to people with HIV. One decision I had to make was whether to include unpublished studies in my review. This was a difficult decision as in many ways it would have been simpler not to. However, given the existence of publication bias, I decided that I should include unpublished work in order to draw more balanced conclusions as to the effectiveness of these therapies. My review concluded that there is not enough evidence to recommend these interventions over the standard treatment as yet. I believe this, is itself an important finding as mindfulness is currently very popular in the media and this may mean individuals seek it out when it is not necessarily the most effective treatment option available to them.

The competency which came most naturally to me was that of behaviour change interventions. I develop, implement and evaluate these regularly as part of my professional duties and believe that I am skilled in this area. The case study detailed in this portfolio (C2) was undertaken very early on in my training and was the first time I had decided upon the assessment, content of the intervention and evaluation process myself. I was pleased with the outcome of the intervention which targeted emotional eating and it has since been embedded in the standard weight management intervention provided by my employer. I have since gone on to develop other interventions in and out of my current job role and the processes set out in this competency have provided me with a framework for doing so effectively.

I also very much enjoyed the teaching and training competency (section C5). The case study outlines a lecture I undertook at London Metropolitan University for MSc Health Psychology students. I developed my skills in creating teaching materials, such as PowerPoint presentations, significantly during this process as previously I had underestimated the importance of these in keeping students engaged. I learnt to take all different learning styles into account when planning a teaching session as I had previously assumed that the approach to which I respond well would suit everyone. I found the evaluation process challenging, particularly watching back footage of my teaching. However, this has allowed me to become more relaxed and natural during teaching which means that I can concentrate on the reactions of the students to the subject matter rather than worrying about how I personally am coming across to them.

The consultancy competency (section C4) proved the most challenging for me but also allowed for the most development. The case study outlined in this portfolio was particularly difficult due to the unwillingness of the manager to be fully involved with the consultancy process. In hindsight I should have set clearer expectations at the outset and insisted that he met these throughout. I believe that it was also a mistake not to charge for my time; he may have valued the process and been more involved if he had been paying for it. This highlights how much I have developed since then in that I did not value my skills and time sufficiently, which is not the case today. I have since been involved in several pieces of consultancy work and have always charged for my time and have drawn up a clear contract before undertaking any work. These have been much more successful pieces of work and although the case study in this portfolio does not outline the most positive piece of consultancy work I have been involved in, it is certainly the one from which I learned the most.

Section C1 outlines how I have developed my generic professional skills throughout my training to become a proficient Health Psychologist. I have been very fortunate to have been employed by such a supportive and innovative healthcare provider as they have given me the opportunity to gain experience in many areas and to work with a wide range of professionals.

I can see a vast improvement in my skills and confidence between when I first undertook my training in 2014 and today. Reflective practice and supervision have been key in my development as well as continuing to take part in training and learning; I will maintain these practices during the entirety of my professional career.


The objective was to evaluate the fermentation process, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability of mixed silages of arboreal cotton and cactus pear. This was a completely randomized design, with five levels of inclusion of cactus pear (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%) in the arboreal cotton silage and four replications per treatment, totaling 20 experimental units. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression at a 5% probability level for type I error. The inclusion of cactus pear resulted in increased losses from gases (P<0.001), effluents (P<0.001), buffering capacity (P<0.001), aerobic stability (P = 0.010), and pH upward trend (P<0.001). There was a decreasing linear effect on dry matter recovery (P<0.001), pH (P<0.001), ammonia nitrogen (P <0.001), the maximum difference in the temperature of the silage in relation to the environment (P = 0.005) and maximum pH (P<0.001) of silages. The inclusion of cactus pear affected the maximum temperature (P<0.001) of silages in a quadratic way. There was a decreasing linear effect of dry matter (P<0.001), ether extract (P<0.001), Organic matter (P<0,001), crude protein (P = 0,002) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (P = 0.030). The use of cactus pear promoted an increasing linear effect for the levels of mineral matter (MM) (P<0.001), corresponding to an increase of 0,271%, for each 1% inclusion of cactus pear. The increase in the proportions of cactus pear in the silages promoted an increasing linear effect for mineral matter (P<0,001). The inclusion of cactus pear by up to 60% in arboreal cotton silages alters the fermentation profile with increased fermentation losses and nutritional reduction. However, it still presents characteristics of good quality silages.


Gunhild Kulander (1925 - 1996) was born in Umea. Her family soon moved to Stockholm, where, after chemistry studies, she worked as an engineer, but a disease changed her life.She went to Varmland in 1956, where she finally settled at the manor of Kymsberg, and she worked there as an artist for forty years. Her works didn´t reproduce the surrounding nature scenery. Her early works will rather be described as surrealistic ones. As an artist she was an autodidact. She became famous by making a special kind of picture in metal materials. Nails, horseshoe-nails, leather and fur were used to build her "nailpictures". Two of her major sources of influence were pre-history and shamanism. She is represented in official buildings such as The Swedish Television house and the Modern Museum in Stockholm, in banks, schools, museums etc. in Varmland. More than a thousand works are signed by her. Many of them were shown at several exhibitions in Sweden and abroad. She even expressed herself in lyric prose but is less known as a poet. Finally her name is associated with her great interest in environmental issues.


In the monochrome-color dual-lens system, the gray image captured by the monochrome camera has better quality than the color image from the color camera, but does not have color information. To get high-quality color images, it is desired to colorize the gray image with the color image as reference. Related works usually use hand-crafted methods to search for the best-matching pixel in the reference image for each pixel in the input gray image, and copy the color of the best-matching pixel as the result. We propose a novel deep convolution network to solve the colorization problem in an end-to-end way. Based on our observation that, for each pixel in the input image, there usually exist multiple pixels in the reference image that have the correct colors, our method performs weighted average of colors of the candidate pixels in the reference image to utilize more candidate pixels with correct colors. The weight values between pixels in the input image and the reference image are obtained by learning a weight volume using deep feature representations, where an attention operation is proposed to focus on more useful candidate pixels and a 3-D regulation is performed to learn with context information. In addition, to correct wrongly colorized pixels in occlusion regions, we propose a color residue joint learning module to correct the colorization result with the input gray image as guidance. We evaluate our method on the Scene Flow, Cityscapes, Middlebury, and Sintel datasets. Experimental results show that our method largely outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.


Law enforcement has always been problematic in Indonesia and has been challenging for government agencies, including the enforcement of food safety regulation. Indonesian government has promulgated several regulations on food safety such as Act 18/2012 on Food and Government Regulation No. 28 of 2004 on Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition. Also, the government has established the National Agency for Drug and Food Control to monitor and supervise the food sector. However, food safety offense such as food adulteration is still easily found in almost every area in Indonesia and causing serious illnesses and economic losses. In addressing food safety in Indonesia, this study aims to analyze the difficulties facing to enforce the law and regulations of food safety in Indonesia. This study investigates the factors which negatively influence the attempt to achieve food safety. With library research, the legislation, legal theory, and other secondary data will be analyzed to then crystallized into conclusions as the characteristics of doctrinal research. This study concludes there are two categories of factors affecting the enforcement of food safety law and regulations namely internal and external factors.


Guide Star Catalog 2 (GSC-2) is the deepest and most complete all-sky source of guide stars for space astronomy missions. However, this catalog is based on ground-based photographic plate material. The Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS) on the James Webb Space Telescope will be nearinfrared imaging cameras. The majority of stars visible in these cameras will be very red late-type stars populating the faintest end of GSC-2. We study these likely guide stars in detail by comparing a 2-square-degree region of the sky as catalogued by GSC-2, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Point Source Catalog. We find that GSC-2 catalog entries can only be reliably converted to infrared magnitudes to a limit of JAB~17.4, and that the contamination rate at these magnitudes by unsuitable objects (galaxies, double stars, non-existent objects) is <10%. For a nominal FGS field of view of 8.4 square arc minutes, GSC-2 provides enough catalogued guide stars at JAB=19-20 at galactic latitudes |b| > 30° to meet the JWST Level 2 requirement of a 95% probability of a successful guide star acquisition anywhere in the sky provided a minimum of 3 possible guide star candidates are provided for on-board guide-star acquisition for each pointing.


Medicinal plants provide indigenous and peasant communities worldwide with means to meet their healthcare needs. Homegardens often act as medicine cabinets, providing easily accessible medicinal plants for household needs. Social structure and social exchanges have been proposed as factors influencing the species diversity that people maintain in their homegardens. Here, we assess the association between the exchange of medicinal knowledge and plant material and medicinal plant richness in homegardens. Using Tsimane' Amazonian homegardens as a case study, we explore whether social organization shapes exchanges of medicinal plant knowledge and medicinal plant material. We also use network centrality measures to evaluate people's location and performance in medicinal plant knowledge and plant material exchange networks. Our results suggest that social organization, specifically kinship and gender relations, influences medicinal plant exchange patterns significantly. Homegardens total and medicinal plant species richness are related to gardeners' centrality in the networks, whereby people with greater centrality maintain greater plant richness. Thus, together with agroecological conditions, social relations among gardeners and the culturally specific social structure seem to be important determinants of plant richness in homegardens. Understanding which factors pattern general species diversity in tropical homegardens, and medicinal plant diversity in particular, can help policy makers, health providers, and local communities to understand better how to promote and preserve medicinal plants in situ. Biocultural approaches that are also gender sensitive offer a culturally appropriate means to reduce the global and local loss of both biological and cultural diversity.


Developing Community Music in Munich: Critical Reflections on a Process
The purpose of this presentation is to reflect on the developments of the Munich Community Music Action Research Group (MCMARG). After conducting 23 semi-structured interviews I initiated and was part of the MCMARG for nearly three years from October 2012 until November 2015. Using the action research method the group consisted of nine members representing research, practice and arts administration in Munich and also different fields: music in social work, arts education, music therapy and music education. Community music was at the time an almost unknown term in Germany, although there was community music practice. During the process: (1) the group developed their own definition of community music in German (2) a community music university module was established, (3) the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra established community music as part of their education work, (4) a community music conference was hosted collaboratively, (5) community music projects and (6) publications were developed.
In this paper I critically examine and reflect on the sustainability of the process, lessons learnt, challenges and what we could have done differently. Analyzing my reflective diary, documents and the recordings of the MCMARG sessions I provide a critical analysis of the development process that took place. I conclude with reflections on the process of internationalising community music by applying the predominantly Anglo Saxon coined term and concept "community music" to the German-speaking context and German discourse of music education: responses, critical views and also benefits.


Change has become a much more prevalent feature of Higher Education (HE) with many trends apparent, including the focus on institutional management and leadership; changes in decision-making approaches; institutional re-structuring; and increased bureaucratisation. Yet, while the literature provides some understanding of how HE change is impacting upon institutions, the consequences of such change for the traditional values of academic life and work represents an under-researched aspect of HE in Ireland. To address this gap in understanding, a case study of the School of Business at University College Dublin (UCD), involving semi-structured interviews with academics and manager-academics, was undertaken. The aim of the research was to determine how, and to what extent, change in HE is impacting upon academic staff. The research explored the changing involvement of academics in decision-making and the impact of such change on traditional notions of collegiality; and examined the changes taking place in the role of the academic, including their academic freedom. The research provides evidence of a period of sustained institutional change at UCD and draws attention to the considerable tension surrounding the top-down manner in which change was implemented and the lack of involvement of academics throughout the change process. The research has contributed to our understanding of the changing HE landscape in Ireland and highlights the increasing tension between the traditional values of academics and the changing shape of university life. While the research evidence acknowledges that the level of academic freedom has somewhat contracted, it draws attention to the substantial loss of involvement of academics in School decision-making; the decline in collegiality; the increase in routine administrative duties and greater work intensification; and the increased emphasis on research productivity.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze, develop, design, implement, and evaluate the engineering simulation model in metallurgy subject [Rockwell hardness test simulation (RHTS)], according to analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model and the Mechanical Engineering students of Babylon Institute in Iraq are chosen for case study. This paper presents the various steps involved in the simulation procedures. The detail simulation development process and its significant characteristics are highlighted. The flowchart of the model is rendered, displaying the different components used to develop the simula - tion algorithm using Microsoft Studio 2010 computer programming language. The advantages and limitations of the simulation model are identified by interviewing experts. The findings resulted from the simulated model reveal that the learners can learn easily and effectively. The developed software package is expected to provide valuable tool for both students and instructors. Furthermore, the same package in the form of a bi-product can also be used as a "research tool" together with the application for engineering education.


Professional English in Use Finance is suitable for intermediate students and above. It includes 50 units covering all aspects of financial vocabulary from Accounting to Borrowing and Lending, Central Banking to Venture Capital and many more areas including financial idioms and metaphors. Primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book, it can also be used for classroom work and one-to-one lessons. This book is a must for both trainers and learners of ESP and Business English who need to use English in a financial environment.


Abstract In Finland, a government bill on plea bargaining is now at the parliament. In Estonia, Norway, Denmark, Germany and Latvia they have adopted similar systems already. In Sweden and Iceland plea bargaining is not possible. As a procedural instrument, plea bargaining is something quite new in Europe, and in the Baltic and in the Nordic countries. How does it fit into our systems and into our way of thinking? If we look at the current trends in criminal proceedings fairness, procedural justice, conflict resolution, negotiated law, pragmatically acceptable compromise, procedural truth, party autonomy, court service, communication and interaction are good examples of the topics which are currently being discussed. All these examples indicate that the criminal jurisdiction has become more communal. It has even been said that criminal proceedings have recently become closer civil proceedings, which seems to be quite true. Still, efficiency plays a major role in European adjudication thanks to economic crisis and lack of resources. How to understand the role of plea bargaining in this set? At least the legislator has pointed out the efficiency, the appropriate allocation of resources and the simplifying the criminal proceedings when suggesting adopting the plea bargaining in Finland. The novelty has not been put into philosophical context or into the systemic context of criminal proceedings. It looks like the legislator adopts some single instruments from the foreign legal orders if they seem to fit well into legislators' puzzle to intensify the proceedings and to save the state money. However, there seem to be more coherent trends behind all of that as well - namely, the change of paradigm.


There is no doubt that feedback plays an indispensable role in both the teaching and the learning of writing skills, especially when it comes to a second or foreign language. However, despite substantial research showing the effectiveness of feedback, some teachers do not use the feedback technique to help their students improve on their writing. This study has grown out of interest during teaching practice at university level in Libya. It is common practice in Libya for teachers of English writing not to provide their students with either written or oral feedback on their written work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of face to face feedback on
second language writing in the Libyan higher education context. To fulfil the mentioned intention, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was employed. The study assessed face-to-face feedback by assessing whether and the extent to which this feedback
technique led to an improvement in writing skills as measured by students' performance in writing
before and after the course in which this technique was employed. In addition, an examination was conducted of both students' and writing teachers' attitudes towards face-to-face feedback. This was in order to investigate their attitudes towards the use of face-to-face feedback in learning writing as well as to explore the advantages and disadvantages of this method.
The participants of the study consisted of 200 third year undergraduate students who were studying in the English Department in two Libyan universities in the academic year 2012-2013. The
students were randomly allocated either to a control or to an experimental group. The experimental group was given the treatment, which is face-to-face feedback (also known as conferencing feedback) whereas; the control group received written feedback. The study found a statistically noteworthy difference in students' performance between the control and experimental groups. In other words, students who engaged in face-to-face feedback improved their test scores more than those who received only written feedback. This difference in revised writing performance between the treatment group and the control group is attributed to the use of learning strategies for writing and engagement with the learning. These findings suggest that face-to-face feedback allows writing skills to develop faster and more smoothly than does written feedback. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten of the participant students (the treatment group) from only Tripoli University along with their writing teacher to look into their attitudes and perceptions about
feedback in general, as well as their opinion on face-to-face feedback in particular. Observation
was also carried out on the treatment group in the classroom, with several objectives in mind: to explore how students learn, to see if they engage in face-to-face feedback, and to confirm what they had said in the interviews. Analysis of the findings showed that students viewed face-to-face feedback as a worthwhile experience and expressed their preference for this form of feedback as compared to the written one. The improvement in students' writing ability was noticed during the xvii observation and in the samples of students' writing that was collected. In other words, the technique helped in improving the students' assignments.
The thesis offers some recommendations as well as some implications drawn from the findings.
Despite the fact that the study has some limitations like any other research, this study is expected to be beneficial to teachers of writing and learners of English as well as researchers in related fields


Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown considerable potential in the treatment of
murine models of immuno-pathology. Whilst poly-clonal Tregs are able to
suppress immuno-pathology in a number of models, the superiority of Ag-specific
Treg treatment has been demonstrated using Tregs from T cell receptor (TCR)-
transgenic animals. Translation of these promising results to the clinic has been
hampered by difficulties in isolating or enriching the rare Ag-specific Tregs from
the polyclonal population. Here I describe two distinct approaches to generate
Ag-specific T cells with regulatory ability: firstly, TCR gene transfer into purified
CD4+CD25+ T cells was used to redirect the specificity of naturally occurring
Tregs. Secondly, co-transfer of FoxP3 and TCR genes served to convert
conventional CD4+ T cells into Ag-specific 'Treg-like' cells. Both approaches
generated T cells that suppressed in vitro and engrafted efficiently, retaining TCR
and FoxP3 expression, when adoptively transferred into recipient mice. Using an
established arthritis model, I demonstrate Ag-driven accumulation of the gene
modified T cells at the site of joint inflammation, which resulted in a reduction of
joint swelling. In animals treated with TCR-transferred natural Tregs this was
accompanied by a local reduction in the number of inflammatory Th17 cells and a
significant decrease in arthritic bone destruction. Together, I have described a
strategy to rapidly generate Ag-specific Tregs capable of antigen-dependent
amelioration of autoimmune damage in the absence of general immune
suppression. These approaches could practicably be translated into the clinic in
order to treat numerous different immuno-pathologies.


In this paper, the performance of a two-port single-mode fiber-silicon wire waveguide coupler module which utilizes an identical spot-size converter (SSC) at the input and output ports is reported. Each of the silicon (Si)-based SSCs comprised cascaded horizontal linear and vertical nonlinear up-tapers measured 300 and 200 mum in length, respectively, in a common silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The structural parameters of the tapers were designed for compactness and relaxed tolerance to fabrication errors. The total length of the two-port coupler module was 1000 mum plus the variable length of the wire waveguide connecting the two SSCs. The mode-field diameter (MFD) of the Si-wire waveguide, 0.32 times 0.46 mum2, was transformed to the diameter of 2.8 times 8.0 mum2 at the wavelength of 1.55 mum (corresponding to an area expansion of about 150 times) and vice versa by the SSCs with a net transmission loss of 4.1 dB/port. The field-mismatch loss between the SSC and the single-mode fiber with the MFD of 5.2 mum was 2.1 dB/port.


Abstract This paper examines the interaction between constitutional design and practice through a case study of Canadian federalism. Focusing on the federal architecture of the Canadian Constitution, the paper examines how subnational units in Canada actually compete with the central government, emphasizing the concrete strategies and tactics they most commonly employ to get their way in confrontations with central authority. The evidence affirms that constitutional design and structure make an important difference in the tactics and tools available to subnational units in a federal system, but that design is not fully constraining: there is considerable evidence of extraconstitutional innovation and improvisation by governments. Furthermore, changes in practice initiated by Canadian subnational actors have produced changes in the allocation of national and subnational authority that are plausibly characterized as constitutional in magnitude. The paper concludes that the design of the Canadian federal system may inadvertently undermine its capacity to stabilize itself at any particular point of constitutional evolution, making it 'permanently provisional.'


The goal of this study is to determine the effect of arsenic exposure on vision in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The optic system of D. rerio is ideal for examining visual defects. Their eyes are similar to eyes of humans and can therefore be useful models in studies of human eye disease. Their optic system functions similarly to humans, so it is beneficial to observe how zebrafish are affected by contaminants in the environment. Arsenic is ubiquitous in groundwater, due to its natural presence in bed rock, but is elevated by human activities. In order to see any immediate effects on vision by arsenic, a behavioral assay was used. Due to accumulation in eye tissues, we predict that visual acuity will decrease with increased exposure to arsenic. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 10, 50, and 500 parts per billion of arsenic. At five days post hatch, a striped, rotating cylindrical drum created a pattern designed to elicit the optomotor response in zebrafish. Time spent following and going against the striped pattern was calculated to determine if the optomotor response was evoked in the zebrafish. A positive value would indicate an optomotor response, and a negative value would indicate no response. The control group did not behave as expected, as they showed a negative value in response to the cylindrical drum. Statistical analyses revealed a batch effect in this data set, and the total distance travelled showed a significant difference in activity level between batch one and batches two and three. Batch one showed an unexpected positive trend in optomotor response with increased arsenic exposure, with 50 ppb arsenic treatment group following the rotational pattern of the striped drum for a longer amount of time relative to the control. Batches two and three showed no significant differences between arsenic treatments and the control group. Changes in experimental design may result in the expected control behavior, and further replication would be necessary to determine any effects of arsenic on vision in zebrafish.


This article attempts to identify precursors, or indicators, of New England employment. The predictive power of a diverse array of variables is calculated and compared. However, because no single variable is likely to contain all information of predictive value, the article then explores alternative methods of combining several variables into an index or statistical "model" of New England employment growth. The variables are separated into regional, national, and expectational in order to measure the predictive value of each type of information. ; In both in-sample and out-of-sample tests, a model that included all categories of variables was the most successful. However, relative to its in-sample fit, every model performed poorly out of sample. The reason for this breakdown is clear--the models were fit during the "Massachusetts Miracle" while their predictive power was tested over the New England bust. The lack of a theoretical model and deficiencies in the available data make a purely statistical approach to predicting the New England economy suspect. Some insights can be gained, however, by surveying the New England economy in a broader historical context.


Introduction. Progressive, resistance exercise training (RT) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increases strength, power, and quality of muscle, and is potentially the most promising method to regenerate and re-grow muscle in populations suffering from involuntary atrophy. However, we have previously shown that there is a large degree of intersubject variability for myofiber hypertrophy in response to RT with adults having no response [-16μm2 (mean myofiber growth), Non], a modest response (1111μm2, Mod), or an extreme hypertrophic response (2475μm2, Xtr). Underlying mechanisms for this differential growth response are largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in the skeletal muscle transcriptome exist among the three response clusters, prior to 16 weeks of RT. Methods. mRNA was isolated from muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis of 44 previously clustered men and women (aged 19-75y). Agilent 4X44K single color genechips were used to determine differences in skeletal muscle gene expression among the three response clusters. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and available Gene Ontology were used for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes and identification of informative genes that may instigate the observed myofiber growth phenotypes. Results. After removing genes with low signal intensities and normalizing the data, we identified substantial differences in the transcript profile among the response clusters with the most notable differences between the Xtrand Non-responders. 8026 differentially expressed genes were identified between Xtr vs. Non, 2463 between Xtr vs. Mod, and 1294 between Mod vs. Non. There were 1632 genes with expression specific to the Xtr (i.e. differences existed between Xtr vs. Non and Mod, but not between the Non vs. Mod) and 617 genes with expression specific to the Non. Functional classification, with IPA, identified Skeletal Muscle System Development and Function (SMSDF) as a top functional category containing a significant number of differentially expressed genes (p<0.05) in all three comparisons. SMSDF was also a top five functional category for the genes specific to both Xtr and Non (p<0.05). Within the broad SMSDF category, IPA defined subcategories of functional annotation, which allowed us to further interpret the differentially expressed genes. We have highlighted several genes that primarily had expression specific to the Xtr or had increased expression from Non to Mod to Xtr. Highlighted genes are involved with satellite cell activation and function (SOX8, HGF, PAX7), differentiation (MYOD1, MYOG, APOE, TRIO, MSTN), skeletal muscle growth (DGKZ, ESR1, OXT, OXTR, UCN2, GREB1), modulation of inflammation and fuel utilization (PYY), and improved function (TFAM, UCN2, CRHR1, CRHR2). Additionally, there was a decrease in expression (Xtr vs. Non) for several genes involved with modulation of inflammation and fuel utilization (AEBP1, NFKB1, CD36, AIF1). Discussion. These results indicate that differences in gene expression do exist among the response clusters prior to mechanically induced hypertrophy and that the Xtr-responders were "primed" to respond. We identified several genes and signaling pathways that may promote or inhibit muscle growth and thus, initiate the three observed hypertrophic response phenotypes. Results from this study enabled us to identify distinctive molecular pathways, particularly between the Xtrand Non-responders, for development of targeted interventions. Further research is necessary to determine which of these genes or networks of genes truly distinguish load mediated hypertrophy potential.


Romanticised, popular concepts of womanhood and of women's peace-building  capacities need to be critically investigated. A gendered approach is recommended as a corrective to stereotyped perspectives about women and peace, as well as to gender-blind experiments. Such an approach may be found realistic and useful, not only in everyday circumstances, but especially also in war and postwar situations.  Particular attention is given to gender in post-war politics, economy and social reconstruction.


This paper focuses on a generalization of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), called the subpath planning problem (SPP). Given 2n vertices and n independent edges on a metric space, we aim to find a shortest tour that contains all the edges. SPP is one of the fundamental problems in both artificial intelligence and robotics. Our main result is to design a 1.5-approximation algorithm that runs in polynomial time, improving the currently best approximation algorithm. The idea is direct use of techniques developed for TSP. In addition, we propose a generalization of SPP called the subgroup planning problem (SGPP). In this problem, we are given a set of disjoint groups of vertices, and we aim to find a shortest tour such that all the vertices in each group are traversed sequentially. We propose a 3-approximation algorithm for SGPP. We also conduct numerical experiments. Compared with previous algorithms, our algorithms improve the solution quality by more than 10% for large instances with more than 10,000 vertices.


Design space for morphing structures using single layer commercial piezocomposite actuators are often restricted due to limitations in actuation authority. Optimal designs are those in which the substrate-actuator composite is stiff enough to maintain shape when subjected to surface pressures but allow for the desired curvature under excitation. This trade-off limits substrate to actuator thickness ratios in applications where dynamic pressures are high. One way to improve actuation authority while maintaining stiffness is to use multiple piezocomposite actuators. This paper explores the benefits and drawbacks of using multilayer piezocomposite actuators. The actuators are modeled using the finite element method and are characterized using well-known free strain and blocked force conditions in a four-point loading condition. Material properties for substrate, piezocomposite, and glue layers are modeled based on previous experimental analysis of curvature over a range of thickness ratios for single element actuators. A parametric analysis is conducted on multilayer piezocomposites varying thickness ratio, substrate material and number of piezocomposite layers. Results for the parametric analysis are presented in the form of maximum curvature, work done, and work done normalized by number of layers. A discussion of new design space potential for multilayer actuators is provided.


Using extensive interviews of Syrian activists and tracing the course of initially peaceful
protests, this article explores the mobilization tactics protesters adopted over four
distinct phases of Syrian protests up to August 2011. Analysis reveals that in
establishing trustful relations and a sense of effectiveness and belonging among the
protesters, interpersonal communication was more effective and faster than the hybrid
media activities of Facebook administrators. Nevertheless, the uprising's later stages
show that the more protesters became accustomed to protest culture, the more they
benefited from ICTs. Many scholars studying ICTs' role in the protests have advanced
the idea that people's use of the technology—not the technology itself—affected social
processes. This study takes this argument a step further to claim that people's use of
technology constitutes a dependent variable linked to the country's political culture.


The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century. By Alex Ross. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007. [xiv, 624 p. ISBN-13: 978-0-374-24939-7. $30.] Illustrations, bibliographic references, discography, index. Music librarians have a treasure in this wonderful new book: unlocking the treasure chest itself is best accomplished by reading the index first. That way, names you might want to see in the text but that do not appear there will not surprise you. The index provides a detailed overview of just who and what are discussed in the book. Next, read the preface. That is where Alex Ross reveals his purpose: "Each chapter cuts a wide swath through a given period, but there is no attempt to be comprehensive: certain careers stand in for certain scenes, certain key pieces stand in for entire careers, and much great music is left on the cutting-room floor" (p. xiv). Ross emphasizes in his preface that he "chronicles not only the artists themselves but also the politicians, dictators, millionaire patrons, and CEOs who tried to control what music was written; the intellectuals who attempted to adjudicate style; the writers, painters, dancers and filmmakers who provided companionship on lonely roads of exploration; the audiences who variously reveled in, reviled, or ignored what composers were doing, the technologies that changed how music was made and heard; and the revolutions, hot and cold wars, waves of emigration, and deeper social transformations that reshaped the landscape in which composers worked" (p. xii-xiii). After reading the book itself, the reader may want to read the endnotes to find out just where all of these bits of information came from, and to see how artfully Ross has woven them into his text. Ross freely admits that "portions of the book originally appeared, in different form, in The New Yorker." He also states that his subtitle is meant literally: "this is the twentieth century heard through its music" (p. xiii). He informs the reader that the book is the result of fifteen years of work as a music critic. He also occasionally reiterates the purpose of the book as the text unfolds, as, for example, when he writes that the book illuminates "the cultural predicament of the composer in the twentieth century" (p. 185). These interjections make the book an excellent lesson and a wonderful ride. Finally, near the end of the book, Ross once again highlights his intent: "This has been a book about the fate of composition in the twentieth century" (p. 514). As the text on the book jacket points out: "The end result is not so much a history of twentieth-century music as a history of the twentieth century through its music." Here, then, are some composers the reader will not find in Ross's book. It is important to list these names so that, in case the list contains some of your favorites from the twentieth century, you will be able to calm down and allow Ross to shine his own lights on that century: Isaac Albeniz, Dominick Argento, Arthur Benja min, Richard Rodney Bennett, Lennox Berkeley, Arthur Bliss, Ernest Bloch, William Bolcom, Henry Brant, Havergal Brian, Samuel Taylor-Coleridge, Michael Colgrass, Roque Cordero, Chou Wen-Chung, Mario Davidovsky, Frederick Delius, Edison Denisov, Jacob Druckman, Gottfried von Einem, Gerald Finzi, Elena Firsova, Michael Finnissy, Arthur Foote, Alberto Ginastera, Umberto Giordano, Rheinhold Gliere, Alexander Gretchanin off, John Harbison, Elizabeth Lutyens, Bruno Maderna, Roman Haubenstock-Ramati, Victor Herbert, Alun Hoddinott, York Holler, Vagn Holmboe, Jacques Ibert, Vincent d'Indy, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Andre Jolivet, Joseph Jongen, Dmitri Kabalevsky, Jean Langlais, Paul Lansky, Benjamin Lees, Ton de Leeuw, Alan Jay Lerner, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Jules Massenet, Nicholas Maw, Thea Musgrave, Andrzej Panufnik, Vincent Persichetti, Astor Piazzolla, Bernard Rands, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Ottorino Respighi, Wolfgang Rihm, Edmund Rubbra, Aulis Sallinen, and the Tcherepnins. …