The prison environment represents a supplemental risk factor in the increased frequency of non-lethal self-harm among inmates, by comparison with the general population. The paper aims at defining the socio-demographic characters of those inmates who carried out the act by chemical means (drug intoxication or the consumption of other toxic substances) – classified as substance abuse, in contrast with the inmates who chose to act by physical means (plagues at various levels and/or ingestion of alien bodies). Between January 2009 – December 2009, 771 patients with autolytic acts were registered at the ER of the Sf. Ioan Emergency Hospital in Ia[i; 175 of these were inmates of the Ia[i Maximum Security Prison. The following variables were registered for all patients: sex, age, date of hospitalisation (the month and the day of the week are of special interest), time of the autolytic act, number of previous autolytic attempts, psychiatric disorders, method of choice, whether treatment was accepted or refused and whether the person needed hospitalisation or was treated as an outpatient. The data was processed by SPSS 10.0 for Windows. It resulted that the patients who had used mechanical means had a significantly higher average age, more frequent relapses, a maximum of hospital registrations in the months of May and February, and on Mondays. Self-injury by means of substance abuse was carried out by averagely younger patients, who had fewer relapse episodes, by whom the act was carried out most often in May and September, and on Saturdays. Regardless of the means chosen, most of these acts took place throughout the morning, when staff in charge with surveillance was present in the highest numbers. Given that numerous patients refuse treatment, or receive sufficient treatment as outpatients, the hypothesis takes shape that many of these acts are demonstrative.


Cytochromes P450 (P450 for protein; CYP for gene) are a superfamily of membrane-bound hemoproteins that oxidize a large number of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Through oxidation reactions, these enzymes are often responsible for the toxic and carcinogenic effects of natural food-borne toxicants, such as the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the extreme sensitivity of turkeys to AFB1 is in part explained by efficient hepatic P450-mediated epoxidation to the toxic and reactive metabolite the exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Using 3′-5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we amplified CYP3A37 from turkey liver RNA, the E. coli-expressed protein which efficiently epoxidates AFB1. Turkey CYP3A37 has an ORF of 1512 bp, and the protein is predicted to be 504 amino acids with 97% homology to chicken CYP3A37. The turkey gene is organized into 13 exons and 12 introns. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 11th intron was used to assign CYP3A37 to turkey linkage group 10 (corresponding to chicken chromosome 14, GGA14). Because of the important role of P450s in the extreme sensitivity of turkeys to the toxic effects of AFB1, this study will contribute to the identifying allelic variants of this important gene in poultry.


In the view of the expeditious growth of infrastructure around the globe, there is an acute shortage of building materials and also a very stern problem of the disposal of the remaining and continuously generating waste. The demand of natural sand in the construction industry also has magnificently increased resulting in the rapid depletion of the river beds which are the natural sources of sand. Acute shortage of good quality of sand has resulted in to considerable increase in its price ultimately affecting the construction cost. Thus there is a severe need to identify a suitable substitute of sand which is eco-friendly and can be used effectively in construction practices mainly in concrete which requires sand as fine aggregates. An attempt is required to investigate use of some alternative materials to save precious natural resources. The current study focuses on determining suitability of using quarry dust, which is a waste product from quarry, as fine aggregates in traditional concrete. During the tenure of the study, some physical and engineering properties of quarry dust and sand were determined and compared. The compressive strength of concrete was determined after replacing sand with quarry dust in various ratios. The results of the study showed encouraging results for replacement of 50% of sand with quarry dust.


As mainframes evolve and deliver higher performance, technologists are focusing less on processor speed and more on overall system performance to create optimized systems. One important area of focus for performance improvement involves chip-to-chip interconnects, with their associated bandwidths and latencies. IBM and related computer manufacturers are optimizing the characteristics of interconnects between processors as well as between processors and their supporting chip sets (local cache, memory, I/O bridge). This paper describes the IBM proprietary high-speed interface known as Elastic Interface (EI), which is used for nearly all chip-to-chip communication in the IBM System z9TM. In particular, EI is a generic high-speed, source-synchronous interface used to transfer addresses, controls, and data between CPUs, L2 caches, memory subsystems, switches, and I/O hubs. The EI has single-ended data lines, resulting in twice the performance (bandwidth per pin) of similar buses operating with two differential lines per signal.


Reliable solubility data for oxides and hydroxides of heavy metals in alkaline solutions are relevant to a number of industrial and geochemical processes, including the production of high-purity alumina in the Bayer process, the formation of ores from geothermal solutions at high pH, hydrometallurgical leaching processes for the extraction of metal values from ores and plant residues, and the storage and processing of certain types of radioactive waste.

Recent results obtained for various systems will be reported, including experimental and modelling aspects. A new facility for the storage, handling and processing of solubility data will be outlined.


The poultry industry is the single largest agribusiness industry in Georgia and one of the most important in the United States. It is also facing multiple water usage problems stemming from rising water and sewer charges and an increase in pollution regulations. One way to reduce water usage and volume of wastewater is through recycling the chiller water used in processing. Food scientists and applied economists at the University of Georgia are collaborating on research to evaluate the operational and economic effectiveness of ultrafiltration membrane technologies (polymeric) at a pilot poultry processing plant in Georgia. On-site tests of membrane systems are underway. Preliminary economic analysis is highly positive (return rate = 45.6 %) and consistent with results from other manufacturing settings where similar systems have been employed. Economically efficient technological breakthroughs are essential if the US. poultry industry is to continue operating competitively.


The paper evaluates the readiness of apprenticeship systems to cope with five major developments affecting the future of work. The institution of apprenticeship has evolved over time in all countries, gradually adapting to changes in industrial processes, the economy, the labour market and education systems. This paper suggests, however, that recent changes in the economy and the labour market, and their concomitant effects on the likely future of work, have the potential to disrupt apprenticeship systems quite radically worldwide, and/or to make them less relevant in the 21st century. The paper draws on data from recent Australian and international research projects undertaken by the author, as well as the author's engagement in Australian government exercises to discuss the future of apprenticeships. The research found that adaptations of systems and processes were being undertaken at company level and by stakeholders such as trade union or employer peak bodies. They were less frequently apparent, however, in government policy. The paper analyses the data to produce a framework of readiness for 'future work', but also queries whether adaptation of apprenticeship systems is necessarily desirable in all instances. Although the presence of multiple stakeholders in the system has previously been viewed as a strength of the system, it can also make even minor changes difficult to implement. This could prove to be a major impediment to apprenticeship's future or could be a means of preserving its essential features.


One study after another shows American students ranking behind their international counterparts in the STEM fields-science, technology, engineering, and math. Businesspeople and cultural critics such as Bill Gates warn that this alarming situation puts the United States at a serious disadvantage in the high-tech global marketplace of the twenty-first century, and President Obama places improvement in these areas at the center of his educational reform. What can be done to reverse this poor performance and to unleash America's wasted talent? David E. Drew has good news - and the tools America needs to keep competitive. Drawing on both academic literature and his own rich experience, Drew identifies proven strategies for reforming America's schools, colleges, and universities, and his comprehensive review of STEM education in the United States offers a positive blueprint for the future. These research-based strategies include creative and successful methods for building strong programs in science and mathematics education and show how the achievement gap between majority and minority students can be closed. A crucial measure, he argues, is recruiting, educating, supporting, and respecting America's teachers. Accessible, engaging, and hard hitting, STEM the Tide is a clarion call to policymakers, administrators, educators, and everyone else concerned about students' participation in the STEM fields and America's competitive global position.


A critical requirement of small molecule non-fullerene acceptor-based solar cells for efficient charge separation and collection is the formation of interconnected phase-separated domains of 10–20 nm. The phase-separation behavior of small molecule donor 7,7′-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (p-DTS(FBTTh2)2) and acceptor N,N′-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (EP-PDI) was regulated by donor selective solvent vapor annealing (D-SVA), poor donor solvent vapor annealing (P-SVA) and thermal annealing (TA). It was found that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was significantly improved from less than 0.2% up to 3.0% after D-SVA. In contrast, a limited improvement of PCE was obtained for P-SVA (1.9%) and TA (1.8%). The difference in the improvement of PCE values was attributed to the formation of a phase-separated structure and the regulation of crystallite sizes under different post treatments. The fibrous crystals of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 were formed during D-SVA treatment while the EP-PDI component was in the form of small microcrystals, thus leading to the required interconnected phase-separated structure. As a consequence, the moderate phase-separated morphology accompanied by a pure crystalline phase with a medium size could maximize the carrier transport process without compromising exciton separation efficiency, and thus contributes to the final optimal PCE value of up to 3.0% under D-SVA. For P-SVA or TA treatment, we only observed a significant enhancement of the crystallinity of both p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 and EP-PDI components, leading to remarkable film coarsening, or even undesired large phase separation, which is detrimental to the exciton diffusion as well as exciton separation processes.


Antibiotics are often differentiated and divided using two classes, grouped by function and structure. The molecular basis and mechanism of action of many antibiotics have been studied and identified through recent advancements in molecular biology. The main structural feature of BE-7585A is an angucycline ring. Antibiotics with this unique ring structure are known to have diverse biological functions such as antitumor, enzyme inhibitory, and blood platelet aggregation inhibitory activity [1]. Although the biological effects of BE-7585A have not been studied in detail, similar synthetic pathways have begun to be elucidated, such as urdamycin and aquayamycin by the Rohr Group [2]. However, unlike urdamycin, BE-7585A has a unique feature. It is one of few naturally occurring compounds containing a C-2 thiosugar. The incorporation of this sulfur moiety in this compound, or any other C-2 thiosugar compounds, has never been studied. Two main experiments were carried out in this work to study and elucidate part of the biosynthetic pathway of this C-2 thiosugar formation. First, a pull-down assay was performed to find the sulfur donor critical to the pathway. Second, kinetic studies of the 2-thio-trehalose-6-phosphate synthase were done to determine the k m and v max values. Although the results of the first experiment were found to be inconclusive, the kinetic parameters of the reaction catalyzed by the 2-thio-trehalose-6-phosphate synthase were determined.


The paper investigates how ageing will affect asset prices. A small model is used to show that economic and demographic factors drive asset, and in particular house, prices. These factors are estimated in a panel regression framework encompassing BIS real house price data from 22 advanced economies between 1970 and 2009. The estimates show that demographic factors affect real house prices significantly. Combining the results with UN population projections suggests that ageing will lower real house prices substantially over the next forty years. The headwind is around 80 basis points per annum in the United States and much stronger in Europe and Japan. Based on the analysis, global asset prices are likely to face substantial headwinds from ageing.


Simple tense is one of the essential skills that should be mastered by the students. The skill deals with knowing how to form sentence and use it in an appropriate way. In teaching and learning simple tenses process, the students are usually confused of rules. The students sometimes get bored in teaching and learning process employed by the teacher in teaching simple tenses. As a result, a lot of students have low scores on English caused by the failure in mastering simple tenses. One of the solutions to improve students' simple tenses mastery is by using English song. It helps them to give motivation in learning English and memorizing the grammatical point through repetition of words in the song. The research intended "To improve students' simple tenses mastery at MA Nurut Taqwa Cerme Bondowoso. The design of the research was Classroom Action Research. The research covered four stages of activities, they were planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subject was XI IPA class because their simple tenses scores were still low. The class consisted of 23 students. Test and observation used to collect the data. The result of the score analysis was, the percentage of students who got score >70 was 45% in the first cycle. It means that the score of cycle one did not achieve the criteria of success. Therefore, it was necessary to continue the action into cycle two with some modification in implementing the action. The result of writing test in second cycle was 78% of the students could achieve the target score. It was not necessary to continue the action into next cycle because more than 70% students could achieve the target score. To sum up, the use of English song could improve students' simple tenses mastery at MA Nurut Taqwa Cerme Bondowoso by filling the blank spaces with the correct to-be and verbs form. Key words: Simple tenses Mastery, English Song


The immobilization of homogeneous catalysts within nanoporous membranes gives access to multi-functional composites, e.g. for use in flow reactors. Here, we report the fabrication of catalytically active porous block copolymer membranes prepared via non-solvent induced phase separation of amphiphilic block copolymers. Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs) [PV2Mo10O40]5− were immoblilized on the membrane by electrostatic interactions between the POM anions and the cationic surface charges of the hydrophilic poly(amino methacrylate) units. Morphological studies show that the original pore structure is retained in the functionalized hybrid membranes and the POMs are homogeneously distributed on the pore walls. The membranes were employed as heterogeneous composites for liquid-phase substrate oxidation with a focus on the oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone and tetrahydrothiophene to tetrahydrothiophene oxide. The membranes show promising catalytic activity, can be re-used several times and deployed in prototype flow reactors. The results therefore demonstrate how highly tunable POM catalysts can be heterogenized on nanostructured block copolymer membranes, leading to advanced composite catalysts with potential relevance for industrial oxidation catalysis.


The demand for long mission duration, associated reliability and availability requirements, operation in unbinign, unstructured environments, real time operating requirements, and flexibility of use has led to increasing levels of autonomy in underwater vehicles. Autonomy in above water vehicles is quite old, with modern cruise missiles exemplifying extreme performance capability in navigation and control in complex environments under sever counter measure attack! Remotely piloted (air) vehicles for surveillance for civil and military usage are both sophisticated and common place today, but offer little intelligence and autonomy in that the majority are teleoperated or at most under significant levels of supervised control/management, with the majority of processing being carried out at the command and control centre. Whilst this approach minimisers the cost of onboard processing, it demands very high communication bandwidth, and lack of flexibility and robustness. It has been demonstrated that decentralised-distributed systems architectures potentially offer a wide range of quality attributes such as ease of systems integration, interoperability, scaling, portability and modularity, inherent robustness and survivability etc, that are necessary for effective implementation of AUVs. Such an architecture must be applicable to all the subsystems necessary for constructing AUVs ie. vehicle locatistaion, obstacle detection, vehicle navigation (and guidance), vehicle control, vehicle local planning and replanning and resource management, and vehicle mission tasking. For the purposes of this talk we will focus on the problems associated with vehicle state determination and control - since they are critical to all other AUV requirements and are relatively well understood and researched. To achieve improved quality of estimation, robustness and fault tolerance, multiple disparate sensors are increasingly being utilised in AUVs, so that following a particular sensor failure other sensors can cover the loss and at worst provide graceful degrading system performance. This in turn requires a mechanism for fusing data from disparate data sources (including symbolic and linguistic) and associated estimation algorithms for dealing with uncertainty and ignorance of coverage etc. Aspects of multi-sensor data fusion for vehicle localisation and obstacle detection, together with developments in estimation algorithms will be covered in the presentation. The generation of full envelope control laws for AUVs that accommodate mass temperature, salinity, depth, etc changes that in turn minimises fuel usage and is robust to damage etc, is extremely difficult by conventional controller design methods. Usually, these methods require an exchange between performance and robustness. In this paper we illustrate AUV modelling and control which enables both criteria to be satisfied utilising Neurofuzzy methods and online data gathering via the sensor bed. The talk will be illustrated by a selection of videos illustrating land based intelligent autonomous vehicles.


Time series forecasting is a key ingredient in the automation and optimization of business processes: in retail, deciding which products to order and where to store them depends on the forecasts of future demand in different regions; in cloud computing, the estimated future usage of services and infrastructure components guides capacity planning; and workforce scheduling in warehouses, call centers, factories requires forecasts of the future workload. Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in forecasting techniques and applications, from computer-assisted model- and assumption-based to data-driven and fully-automated. This shift can be attributed to the availability of large, rich, and diverse time series data sources, posing unprecedented challenges to traditional time series forecasting methods. As such, how can we build statistical models to efficiently and effectively learn to forecast from large and diverse data sources? How can we leverage the statistical power of "similar" time series to improve forecasts in the case of limited observations? What are the implications for building forecasting systems that can handle large data volumes?
 The objective of this tutorial is to provide a concise and intuitive overview of the most important methods and tools available for solving large-scale forecasting problems. We review the state of the art in three related fields: (1) classical modeling of time series, (2) scalable tensor methods, and (3) deep learning for forecasting. Further, we share lessons learned from building scalable forecasting systems. While our focus is on providing an intuitive overview of the methods and practical issues, we also present technical details underlying these powerful tools.


Climate action is increasingly marked by the responsibilisation of individuals. In this context, carbon footprints have gained traction as a means of both quantifying individual responsibility for climate change and for motivating individual action through changes in behaviour. However, these mechanisms raise questions for climate justice in terms of how such moral and political responsibility is configured and distributed within the city. Drawing on a case study of Hong Kong, this paper explores the ways in which carbon footprinting configures responsibility for climate action by juxtaposing carbon footprints and the associated techniques of quantification alongside a discussion of the everyday practices of residents in a low-income neighbourhood. It argues that carbon footprints offer important opportunities for measuring the impacts of carbon-intensive activities and generating discussions about the allocation of responsibility for addressing climate change. However, it also demonstrates that individual carbon footprints ignore the uneven nature of carbon emissions in cities as well as obscuring important questions about the roles and responsibilities of other actors. In conclusion, the paper calls for an approach centred on common but differentiated responsibilities for carbon production and consumption to enable a more nuanced configuration of climate justice in the city.


While the literature on self-authorship has focused on the development of college students and young adults highlighting various developmental tasks associated with the ages 17 through 30 (e.g., Baxter Magolda, 2001, 2003, 2004), in this article, we explore the exercise and development of faculty members' self-authorship as educators, proposing that individuals' self-authorship continues to develop throughout their lives as they grow into new roles and engage new domains. Our study focuses on 12 instructors who participated in a unique faculty development opportunity at a large, urban, research I university and explores how the faculty training program affected faculty self-authorship as educators, specifically the ways in which instructors relate to (a) knowledge and their discipline, (b) themselves as educators, and (c) colleagues and/or students. We conducted semi-structured interviews which were transcribed and analyzed. Findings indicate that the program, like others that manifest the Learning Partnerships Model (Baxter Magolda, 2004b), helped instructors exercise and further develop their self-authorship as educators and that engaging with colleagues from various disciplines influenced instructors' perceptions regarding themselves as educators, their teaching practices, and the nature of knowledge. The significance of our findings lies in the potential to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of similar professional development programs. Additionally, the study contributes to the understanding of the critical concept of self-authorship in professional contexts and suggests how self-authorship enables individuals to meet new, domain specific challenges.IntroductionAt a recent instructional development program on how to give students feedback in a clinical setting, a faculty member from the school of medicine remarked that, as a physician, he was in "an unusual position." He said, "I have never been taught how to teach! It just isn't part of our medical training." He expected our surprise, but of course we, as faculty developers, have heard similar comments from faculty members across the disciplines. People who recognize themselves as experts in every discipline from accounting to art history often tell us, as if confessing, that they have come to the profession without preparation for their roles as teachers. However, this is not unusual at all. Faculty members are often not trained as teachers (Tanner & Allen, 2006) and thus may not get the opportunity to develop identities as educators during the formal training in their disciplines. As a result, the task of "self-authoring" a professional identity as an educator is accomplished "on the job," as faculty members gain experience and learn about themselves, their students, and the nature of learning.The literature on self-authorship has focused on the development of college students and young adults, highlighting various developmental tasks associated with the ages 17 through 30 (e.g., Baxter Magolda, 2001, 2003, 2004; Kegan, 1994) and former research has investigated how pedagogical and programmatic reforms in higher education can facilitate college students' self-authorship (e.g., Baxter Magolda, 2001,2003,2004; Baxter Magolda & King, 2004; Hornak & Ortiz, 2004; King & Baxter Magolda, 2004b; Pizzolato, 2003). Meanwhile, literature on faculty members' self-authorship as educators and research on opportunities that help faculty members exercise and develop their self-authorship is lacking. This study contributes to the literature by investigating these topics.Additionally, this study suggests that individuals' self-authorship enables them to grow into new roles and engage new domains. Classic theories of cognitive development and the literature on self-authorship suggest global development regardless of domain and context (Kail, 2004). Our experiences align with Neo-Piagetian theories which suggest variations in how self-authorship is exercised within different developmental levels depending on the context or domain (Case, 1992; Demetriou, Christou, Spanoudis, & Platsidou, 2002; Halford, 1993; Pascual-Leone, 1970). …


OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) require greater muscle loads to equal the grip strength of healthy adults and to find the optimal grip distance for people with RA using carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal immobilization orthoses as measured by electromyography of the forearm muscles. METHOD. A 2 × 2 (Group × Orthosis) experiment and a 2 × 3 (Orthosis × Grasp Distance) factorial were conducted. Grip strength and muscle load were measured. RESULTS. Grip strength was significantly lower, and muscle load was greater, in 18 participants with RA than in 18 healthy adults. No effect of orthosis use on grip strength and muscle load was found. Muscle load was lower for the 42.25-mm diameter dynamometer handle than for handles with larger diameters. CONCLUSION. People with RA require more muscle load than healthy adults to produce the same exertion, and 42.25 mm is recommended for people with RA as the optimal grasp distance.


We present a detailed study of the structure and hydrogen bonding in silicon thin films ranging from amorphous to microcrystalline. We emphasize the results for hydrogenated polymorphous silicon films obtained under plasma conditions close to powder formation where silicon clusters and nanocrystals contribute to growth. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD), and hydrogen evolution measurements are performed to characterize the hydrogen bonding and the structure of the films in their as-deposited state and after isochronal annealing at increasing temperature in the range of 300 to 600 °C. While Raman spectroscopy and XRD give an average information on the structure of the films, without clear evidence of the presence of crystallites in the polymorphous films, infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen evolution measurements which probe the local hydrogen related structure are shown to be perfectly adapted to characterize polymorphous silicon films. In particular, IR spectroscopy measurements, reveal the presence of a stretching band at 2030 cm −1 , associated with a peak at 873 cm −1 in the bending region and a downward shift in the Si-H wagging mode from 640 cm −1 to 622 cm −1 . We attribute the 2030 cm −1 mode to the presence of hydrogen bonded at the surface of the plasma produced silicon clusters and nanocrystals. This assignment is supported by hydrogen evolution measurements in which a sharp low-temperature hydrogen evolution peak appears at around 420 °C followed by up to five peaks at higher temperatures. This particular hydrogen bonding in polymorphous silicon films is also supported by isochronal annealing studies which show that the bands at 2030 cm −1 and 873 cm −1 vanish at annealing temperatures corresponding to the low temperature hydrogen evolution peak. Based on these results and their correlation with the hydrogen-related material structure, we propose a picture for the structure of polymorphous silicon films that accounts for the observed features.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between three quality management (QM) practices, leadership, people focus, and process management practices and organizational learning (OL) activities and business performance in Korean manufacturing businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on 204 responses to a survey of Korean manufacturing companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index to test nine hypotheses with structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The results from SEM show that leadership practices have a significant effect on people focus and process management practices, and that the three QM practices jointly influence OL. However, leadership, people focus, and process management practices do not have direct associations with business performance, but rather show statistically influence only via OL activities. The findings verify that OL has a mediating role in QM practices and business performance as a crucial resource that determines a firm's competitive advantage.

Originality/value

An important implication of this study's findings for managers or QM professionals is that learning takes place at multiple levels and is a crucial resource that determines a firm's competitive advantage, bridging quality and business outcomes.


Empirical data indicates that work satisfaction has an effect on work attendance,
decisions regarding retirement, general behavioural syndromes indicating a positive
organizational orientation, attempts to influence work situations by means of trade union
activities as well as psychological withdrawal. In the past work satisfaction has been
coupled with individual, group and organizational factors. Increasing attention is
currently paid to the hypothesis that factors within the individual (dispositional factors)
rather than merely the characteristics of the position, affect individuals' work satisfaction.
If locus of control does indeed show a relationship with work satisfaction, it could be of
significant value for any organization, especially with regard to the selection and
development of personnel. Die objectives of this research are to determine whether there
is a connection between locus of control and work satisfaction. The literature study
focussed on conteptualizing work satisfaction and the relationship thereof with locus of
control.
A survey design (correlation design) was used to test the hypotheses of the research. Each
individual in the subject group was tested on two variables simultaneously and the
connection between the measurements that were obtained, was established. The survey
group consisted of 101 senior police personnel of the South African Police Service
(SAPD) in the Marico area. An availability sample was used. Two questionnaires were
used in this research, namely the Locus of Control Questionnaire (LCQ) and the
Minnesota Job Satisfaction Index (Weiss et al., 1976). Statistical analyses were done by
means of the SAS programme. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, product moment
correlations, multiple correlations and canonical correlations were used to analyze
information.
With regard to the level of satisfaction of senior police personnel, they indicated
dissatisfaction with regard to the remuneration that they receive, as well as physical
working conditions, opportunities for promotion, acknowledgement, social status,
supervision-human, as well as supervision-technical. More work satisfaction is
experienced with regard to performance, authority, independence and responsibility. The
results of the empirical survey indicate that there is a moderately negative relationship
between the external locus of control and work satisfaction of senior police personnel.
The canonical correlations indicate that there is a practically significant connection (large
effect) between locus of control and work satisfaction.
In conclusion recommendations for future research are made.


Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) is universally celebrated as one of the greatest artists of all time, yet iconic Renaissance creator was also a prolific and gifted poet. The verses collected here are primarily devoted to love and religion. Intense and passionate, the love poems focus on two figures: Tommaso de Cavalieri and Vittoria Colonna; with the sonnets and madrigals dedicated to de Cavalieri revealing a highly charged, homoerotic fervour - previously obscured in the original versions. Michelangelo's later religious poetry moves away from his earlier worldly concerns, while his letters provide a fascinating insight into his family relations and day-to-day life as a working artist. The result is a revealing picture of one of the towering figures of the Renaissance.


Using a unique confidential contract level dataset merged with firm-level asset price data, we find robust evidence that firms' stock market valuations and employment levels respond more to monetary policy announcements the higher the degree of wage rigidity. Data on the renegotiations of collective bargaining agreements allow us to construct an exogenous and accurate measure of wage rigidity. The amplification induced by wage rigidity is stronger for firms with high labor intensity and low profitability. There are clear distributional consequences of monetary policy. We rationalize the evidence through a model in which firms in different sectors feature different degrees of wage rigidity due to staggered renegotiations vis-a-vis unions.


The semantics of an imperative programming language can be expressed as a program in a declarative language. Not only does this render the semantics executable, but it opens up the possibility of applying to imperative languages such as Java or C the advances made in program analysis and transformation of declarative languages. However the direct application of this approach returns the results of analysis and transformation in the language of the semantics. The problem is to provide a systematic way to relate the results back to the original imperative program. In this paper a method is proposed for carrying out partial evaluation of imperative programs, using a partial evaluator for a declarative language, but returning the results in the syntax of the imperative program which is to be partially evaluated. The approach uses folding to reconstruct a specialised imperative program from a partially evaluated semantics-based interpreter. The method provides a framework for constructing a partial evaluator for any imperative programming language, by writing down its semantics as a declarative program (a constraint logic program, in the approach shown here). The tools required are a partial evaluator and a folding mechanism for the declarative language. The correctness of the partial evaluator for the imperative language follows from the correctness of the partial evaluator and folding transformer of the declarative language. Other semantics-based program manipulations are suggested for imperative languages, based on abstract interpretation tools developed for declarative languages.


The relative decline of the U.S. as a global economic power is clear, and can be seen in the statistics. However, the U.S. decline is nevertheless a slow one, and carries all sorts of unprecedented dangers for the world. The U.S. is definitely in a less powerful position than previously with respect to production, but it is still successfully siphoning off much of the economic surplus (or surplus value) created in the developing countries via the operations of its multinational corporations and its hegemony over the global financial architecture. With respect to U.S. financial dominance, the key issue becomes the continuation of the dollar as the hegemonic currency, which is currently threatened by the rise of China. This paper intends to critically analyse the performance of the U.S. economy and also the role played by the U.S .dollar in the international payment and in reserve currency. The study will also examine the expansion of Chinese economy and importance of the gradual development of a multicurrency system with the intention of reducing the growing balance of payments deficit putting pressure on a single reserve currency. This study has followed doctrinaire methodology, which includes analytical, descriptive and comparative methods. This article concludes that the U.S. economy is currently suffering from a serious trade deficit and the position of the U.S. dollar is under genuine threat from the renminbi, the renminbi will not be able to replace the U.S. dollar as the global currency for at least the next decade. (JEL E50, 60, F30, G15)


Background: The contribution of B12 and folate deficiencies to pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses is well known worldwide, however it was not evaluated in Sudanese psychiatric patients. Aim: To assess the association between the neuropsychiatric syndromes and the levels of both vitamin B12 and folic acid in Sudanese psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods: The study involved a test group of 100 psychiatric patients and an age/gender matched control group of 100 subjects with no past history of psychiatric illness. Laboratory investigations, including complete blood count (CBC), serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were done to all studied subjects. Significance of the difference in the means of the studied variables and the association between psychiatric illnesses and both B12 or folic acid deficiencies were assessed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Most of hematological indices were significantly less in psychiatric patients, although their means were within normal range. The serum concentrations of vitamin B12 in the psychiatric patients (M±SD = 527.9 ± 305. 8 pg/ml) were significantly lower compared with the control group (M±SD = 590.5± 186.1 pg/ml, P = 0.001). There was significant association between B12 deficiency and psychiatric illnesses (P = 0.014). Six percent of the psychiatric patients were suffering from B12 deficiency while none the control group was suffering from the same deficiency. The serum concentrations of folic acid were comparable in both studied groups (M±SD = 7.2 ± 1.7 ng/ml, 7.2 ± 2.6 ng/ml in the control and test groups respectively, P > 0.05). There was no folic acid deficiency in both test and control groups. Conclusion: There was association between vitamin B12, but not folic acid, deficiency and psychiatric diseases in studied Sudanese subjects. Most of the hematological indices were significantly less in psychiatric patients, although their means were within normal range. The significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 deficiency were not associated with megaloblastic changes.


Although there is a strong legislative base and perceived efficacy for multidisciplinary team decision making, limited evidence supports its effectiveness or consistency of implementation in practice. In recent research, we used the Decision Observation, Recording, and Analysis (DORA) tool to document activities and adult behaviors during positive behavior support team meetings. In this study, we revised the DORA to provide evidence of the extent to which the solutions that teams developed were implemented with fidelity and associated with improvements in student behavior. Using trained observers, we documented decision making at 18 meetings in 10 schools where team members discussed a total of 44 problems. We found that scores on the Decision Observation, Recording, and Analysis–II (DORA-II) were acceptable indicators for documenting problem solving during team meetings and that they provided technically adequate information on the extent to which teams were assessing whether they had implemented a solution and whether the solution made a difference for students. We believe the revised assessment tool has value in studying team-based problem solving, and we discuss our findings as a base for a well-reasoned research agenda for moving the process forward as evidence-based practice.


The most recent data gathered by the National Sample Survey Office on work participation for women in India reveal a sharp decline, primarily due to the NSSO's conventional measures not accounting for economic activities undertaken by women for the benefit of households. Alternative definitional approaches to the production boundary, such as the Indian System of National Accounts and the United Nations System of National Accounts, somewhat better account for unpaid work by women for households' own consumption. An analysis of data from the part of the NSSO schedule on employment and unemployment (for 2004–05 and 2011–12) that enquires about various activities undertaken by individuals who report performing household activities as their principal activity, reveals a less dramatic decline than that presented by the more conventional measure of work participation. This finding contributes to a significant rethinking of how rural women's contributions to economic activities for their own households can be better recognised through data.


Introduction The reopening of the New York Public Library's (NYPL) main reading room last fall was heralded in the New York Times by no less than three articles, one editorial, and several letters to the editor. Founded in New York City in 1895 as a free public reference library, the NYPL had occupied its current site, a formidable marble Beaux Arts edifice, since 1911, and the reading room was showing its age. Now, thanks to a $15 million gift, the entire room was refurbished: beautifully painted ceiling panels were cleaned and brought back to life, ornamental woodwork was polished, and modern windows were added. The transformation was not merely aesthetic; considerable attention was given to outfitting an area of the room for training patrons in the use of electronic resources, and electrical outlets were placed at regular intervals at the desks for computer use. These outlets it was noted, alternate with "the classic bronze reading lamps" long associated with the room, and in spite of now being outfitted for the Information Age, it was clearly the lamps, and the ceiling, and the gold-leafed woodwork that evoked the awed reactions of patrons in the first days after the room's reopening. One writer described the room's "jaw dropping beauty" (1) and the eminent art critic John Russell went so far as to gush that "the very act of bending over a book now has a built-in majesty." (2) New York was not alone in enjoying a recent library renaissance: both the British Library and the National Library of France recently underwent similar transformations. While NYPL's restoration took a mere sixteen months, completion of the new incarnation of the British Library took thirty-six years and $843 million to complete. The new National Library of France building took ten years and a whopping $1.5 billion. An amusing article appeared shortly after the reopening of the three libraries comparing the results. (It should be noted, by the way, that these three libraries are not coequals: the British Library and the National Library of France are, as their names state, national libraries; the NYPL is a great research library, but the Library of Congress in Washington, DC is considered the United States' de facto national library). In this article several writers participated in an admittedly completely unscientific survey, comparing the three restored facilities for reference service, delivery time for books, and general ambience. The National Library of France, which is being touted as "the first library of the third millennium," suffered a major breakdown of the computer controlling the delivery of books almost immediately after it reopened, followed by a strike of 800 members of the library's 2,800 member staff. Poor France. The authors found it be the "snootiest" ("No place to even ask a research question") and--horror of horrors--it also served the worst food (although it should be noted that the NYPL avoided this question by not serving any food inside the building). Not surprisingly, the National Library of France lagged in the race to retrieve a book from the stacks, which was ultimately won by the NYPL after the British Library suffered a "heartbreaking setback" from an "unusual glitch." (3) (We are not told what that "glitch" was.) Of course the measure of a library's greatness today goes well beyond the speed with which a book can be retrieved from its stacks. At the same that it was cleaning the paintings in the reading room, the NYPL introduced its Digital Library Collections (digital.nypl.org/) web site, featuring highlights of primary source materials from the Library's Research collections. The first of the collections, the Digital Schomburg, includes fifty-six texts and more than 500 images representing African American history and culture, and is made up of two components, "Images of African Americans in the 19th Century" and "19th-Century African American Women Writers." Other similar online exhibits of library and museum holdings proliferate. …


In this paper we explore a novel approach for anytime heuristic search, in which the node that is most probable to improve the incumbent solution is expanded first. This is especially suited for the "anytime aspect" of anytime algorithms - the possibility that the algorithm will be be halted anytime throughout the search. The potential of a node to improve the incumbent solution is estimated by a custom cost function, resulting in Potential Search, an anytime best-first search. Experimental results on the 15-puzzle and on the key player problem in communication networks (KPP-COM) show that this approach is competitive with state-of-the-art anytime heuristic search algorithms, and is more robust.


Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is much more philosophically interesting than has in general been recognized. Since it is the only well-developed form of applied consequentialism, it is a testing-ground for consequentialism and for the counterfactual analysis that it requires. Ten classes of philosophical problems that affect the practical performance of cost–benefit analysis are investigated: topic selection, dependence on the decision perspective, dangers of super synopticism and undue centralization, prediction problems, the indeterminateness of our control over future decisions, the need to exclude certain consequences for moral reasons, bias in the delimitation of consequences, incommensurability of consequences, difficulties in defending the essential requirement of transferability across contexts, and the normatively questionable but equally essential assumption of interpersonal compensability.


Multi-label classifications exist in many real world applications. This paper empirically studies the performance of a variety of multi-label classification algorithms. Some of them are developed based on problem transformation. Some of them are developed based on adaption. Our experimental results show that the adaptive Multi-Label K-Nearest Neighbor performs the best, followed by Random k-Label Set, followed by Classifier Chain and Binary Relevance. Adaboost.MH performs the worst, followed by Pruned Problem Transformation. Our experimental results also provide us the confidence of the correlations among multi-labels. These insights shed light for future research directions on multi-label classifications.


Objectives The current study aims to evaluate dosage form preferences in children and young adults together with identifying the key pragmatic dosage form characteristics that would enable appropriate formulation of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). Methods International, multisite, cross-sectional questionnaire of children and young adults aged from 6 to 18 years. Eligibility was based on age, ability to communicate and previous experience in taking medications. The study was carried out at three locations: the UK, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. The questionnaire instrument was designed for participant self-completion under supervision of the study team. Results 104 questionnaires were completed by the study cohort (n=120, response rate 87%). Results showed that ODTs were the most preferred oral dosage forms (58%) followed by liquids (20%), tablets (12%) and capsules (11%). The preferred colours were pink or white while the preferred size was small (<8 mm) with a round shape. With regard to flavour, strawberry was the most preferred (30.8%), while orange was the least preferred (5.8%). The results also showed that the most important physical characteristics of ODTs were disintegration time followed by taste, size and flavour, respectively. Conclusions The results of our study support the WHO's claim for a shift of paradigm from liquid towards ODTs dosage forms for drug administration to young children older than 6 years. Data from this study will also equip formulators to prioritise development of key physical/performance attributes within the delivery system.


Geospatial datacubes are the database backend of novel types of spatiotemporal decision-support systems employed in large organizations. These datacubes extend the datacube concept underlying the field of Business Intelligence (BI) into the realm of geospatial decision-support and geographic knowledge discovery. The interoperability between geospatial datacubes facilitates the reuse of their content. Such interoperability, however, faces risks of data misinterpretation related to the heterogeneity of geospatial datacubes. Although the interoperability of transactional databases has been the subject of several research works, no research dealing with the interoperability of geospatial datacubes exists. In this paper, the authors support the semantic interoperability between geospatial datacubes and propose a categorization of semantic heterogeneity problems that may occur in geospatial datacubes. Additionally, the authors propose an approach to deal with the related risks of data misinterpretation, which consists of evaluating the fitness-for-use of datacubes models, and a general framework that facilitates making appropriate decisions about such risks. The framework is based on a hierarchical top-down structure going from the most general level to the most detailed level, showing the usefulness of the proposed approach in environmental applications.


The European social and welfare models are questioned in the context of the internationalization of the economy. The situation is quite different in the US where the combination of a rapid economic growth, full employment and a usually less developed welfare state seem to alleviate economic and social burden of internationalization. A comparative study of the primary distribution of economic revenue between individual's wages, recruitment of new salaries and profits show a convergence between Europe and the US since the eighties. Meanwhile, the design of welfare state continues to oppose the continental euro-model to the US model. Scandinavian and British models maintain also there specificities. But ageing will challenge welfare state in every occidental countries. As a matter of fact it implies an increase of social spending everywhere. So if structural differences are likely to remain between social and welfare models in Europe and with the US one, the regression of public social spending could be stop and a new development of welfare state could appears essential to the equilibrium between market economy exigencies and social needs.


Tourism and hospitality have become key global economic activities as expectations with regard to our use of leisure time have evolved, attributing greater meaning to our free time. While the growth in tourism has been impressive, India's share in total global tourism arrivals and earnings is quite insignificant. It is an accepted fact that India has tremendous potential for development of tourism. This anomaly and the various underlying factors responsible for it are the focus of our study. The objective being determination of customer preferences for multi attribute hybrid services like tourism, so as to enable the state tourism board to deliver a desired combination of intrinsic attributes, helping it to create a sustainable competitive advantage, leading to greater customer satisfaction and positive word of mouth. Conjoint analysis has been used for this purpose, which estimates the structure of a consumer's preferences, given his/her overall evaluations of a set of alternatives that are prespecified in terms of levels of different attributes.


A method is described for the direct reading spectrometric determination of zinc, copper and lead in plant material. The metals to be determined are separated by dithizone extraction from a solution of 1 gram of the plant material. The excitation source consists of an interrupted d c. arc struck between a graphite counter electrode and a rotating graphite-sodium carbonate disc, on to which a chloroform solution of the metal dithizonates is sprayed. Spectrum line emission measurements are made by means of a medium dispersion quartz prism spectrograph with direct reading attachment A series of plant material samples has been analysed by the method and the standard deviations of the results obtained from the mean of two arcings in each of ten replicate analyses were found to be 5.1% for zinc, 73% for copper and 61 % for lead.


The main purpose of this paper is to indicate a technique for extending certain types of results which are known for Banach spaces to the corresponding results in more general locally convex topological vector spaces. We shall extend these results to the class of locally convex spaces possessing the strict Mackey convergence [SMC] property. The technique involves a natural embedding into a Banach space and an application of the Banach space result. Loosely speaking, we have that those properties of closed bounded sets in Banach spaces that do not depend upon any open set will yield analogous results for closed bounded sets in quasicomplete locally convex spaces with the SMC property.


Epoxy resins have a wide range of applications. Their application in fabrication of fiber reinforced composites for lightweight construction has become the subject of ongoing interest in the field of polymer alloys. However due to their existence of cross-linked structure and organic nature, they have two major drawbacks - brittleness and flammability - which very often limit their usage in most applications. The aim of this thesis was to obtain and characterize new additives for epoxy-based materials, which are able to improve the toughness and flammability without any derogation of other material properties.
Toughness can be improved by reducing the cross-link density of the polymer matrix or incorporation of another modifier. Recently, hyperbranched polymers have shown their promising results in the field of toughening DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)-based materials. In the present work, we first examined the effect of additives and modifiers on epoxy resin used in injection process (especially in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process). A number of commercially available additives were tested in DGEBA-based resin formulations. However, toughness is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by many factors and meanwhile many other material properties were affected.
Secondly, the results we collected in the course of the BMBF project "Innovative, modular microwave technology for the production of composite structures" are presented. Based on the previous findings from the same project, the effect of carbon-based and microwave-active fillers, such as activated carbon particles carbon black (Chezacarb® B) carbon nanotubes or graphite explored) on the homo- polymerization of the epoxy resins were investigated. In Addition, the feasibility of the microwave processing for glass fibers reinforced epoxy resin (GRP) curing was tested out.
Furthermore, a series of novel oligomers like derivatives of 6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]- oxaphosphinin-6-oxids (DOPO, 1) and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-phosphorinan-2-one (DDPO, 2) as flame retardant additives were synthesized. The 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)- isocyanurate (THIC, 3)-oligomer was used as linkage molecule. These products were blended into two epoxy resin systems (DEN 438 and DGEBA, both cured with DICY and Fenuron) to obtain flame retardant thermosets. The flame retardancy and thermal properties of these epoxy resin systems were examined by UL 94-V, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Additionally, phosphorus-containing amino compounds were also synthesized and characterized. Their reactivity with the commercial epoxy novolak was studied by means of DSC. The flammability properties of obtained compounds are also presented.
Last but not least, the post-curing effect which is formed during the transesterification reaction between the free OH groups in the polymer backbone and phosphite compounds was further intensively investigated. DGEBA was used as in the majority of experiments. Various amino compounds were tested as curing agents.


This report discusses actions the 110th Congress is considering that affect the various uses and management of federal lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service. These actions include legislation, administrative or regulatory proposals, and litigation and judicial decisions. Issues areas include access to energy resources on federal lands, especially implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; development of hardrock minerals; roadless area management and protection; management, protection, and disposal of wild horses and burros; wilderness designation and management; and wildfire management and protection. Many of these issues have been of interest to Congress and the nation for decades.


The purpose was to compare patterns of brain activation during imagined handgrip exercise and identify cerebral cortical structures participating in "central" cardiovascular regulation. Subjects screened for hypnotizability, five with higher (HH) and four with lower hypnotizability (LH) scores, were tested under two conditions involving 3 min of 1) static handgrip exercise (HG) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2) imagined HG (I-HG) at 30% MVC. Force (kg), forearm integrated electromyography, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and differences in regional cerebral blood flow distributions were compared using an ANOVA. During HG, both groups showed similar increases in HR (+13 +/- 5 beats/min) and MBP (+17 +/- 3 mmHg) after 3 min. However, during I-HG, only the HH group showed increases in HR (+10 +/- 2 beats/min; P < 0.05) and MBP (+12 +/- 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). There were no significant increases or differences in force or integrated electromyographic activity between groups during I-HG. The rating of perceived exertion was significantly increased for the HH group during I-HG, but not for the LH group. In comparison of regional cerebral blood flow, the LH showed significantly lower activity in the anterior cingulate (-6 +/- 2%) and insular cortexes (-9 +/- 4%) during I-HG. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses elicited during imagined exercise involve central activation of insular and anterior cingulate cortexes, independent of muscle afferent feedback; these structures appear to have key roles in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses.


When our pollution control statutes were drafted in the 1970s, smokestack sources sat squarely in these laws' regulatory cross hairs. Over the past few decades, however, manufacturing's relative importance has declined while the service sector has ascended to the point where services now dominate America's economy, comprising 75% of GNP and 80% of employment. Yet consideration of services remains almost entirely absent from environmental law and policy scholarship. This article addresses the implications for environmental protection of the service sector's ascent. Commentators have suggested that the ascent of services provides an important path toward sustainable development. Part I of the article examines the phenomenon of deindustrialization, analyzing statistics on employment, productivity, and economic activity over the last three decades to describe the relative fortunes of the service and manufacturing sectors. It also explores the physical implications of these findings and demonstrates two key findings at odds with common wisdom. First, despite the undeniable growth of services in employment and economic activity, manufacturing in America has not declined. Indeed in absolute terms we are manufacturing more than ever before. Second, while there is indirect evidence of an "environmental bonus" from the growth in services and other facets of the information revolution, improvements in material intensity have been offset by increasing levels of economic activity. In fact, a plausible interpretation of the data suggests a counter-thesis, a correlation between the rise of services and increased resource consumption. Part II considers how best to reduce the environmental impacts of specific services, delineating two categories of services with distinct implications for law and policy. "Smokestack services" include operations with large physical plants such as utilities and hospitals that emit significant quantities of air pollutants or solid waste. Traditional strategies for controlling industrial sources of pollution go to the very core of environmental protection but they often match poorly smokestack services. "Cumulative services" such as fast food chains and dentist offices do not cause significant environmental harm at the level of individual operation but collectively have important impacts. They pose the challenge of a nonpoint source world, where the universe of diffuse sources threatens to overwhelm command-and-control regulation. Appropriate regulatory and non-regulatory instruments are analyzed in each category. Part III employs a fundamentally different type of approach, focusing not on the impact of the services themselves but on their ability to reduce environmental impacts throughout product life-cycles. Such "leverage services" act as a funnel through which products, electricity and financing must flow to end users. They raise intriguing possibilities for environmental protection because, while not necessarily causing significant environmental impact in their immediate activities, their commercial links provide a uniquely effective fulcrum to leverage environmental improvements upstream and downstream in the life-cycle. This presents a novel vision of environmental protection, moving from a narrow focus on production and disposal to energizing the web of commercial relationships.


Abstract This paper proposes a general analysis of the structure
 and imagery of the Salmacis epigram, a late Hellenistic verse inscription recently found in Bodrum which relates the foundation of Halicarnassus and lists the achievements of the city9s authors. Focusing on the first part of the poem, I argue that the epigram can be seen to trace a complex symbolic map of the city in space and time. On a first level of reference the poem9s episodes of foundation are consistently represented as the aitia of ritual events. Superimposed on the catalogue of foundation episodes is a catalogue of the ritual events that commemorated them, and our
 epigram uses this level of reference to ground its portrait of Halicarnassus in the contemporary ritual life of the polis. In this way the poem is able to locate the city in the space of cult and to inscribe the linear time of primordial origins in the recurrent present of ritual practice. On a complementary level of reference, finally, the different episodes of foundation also function as so many statements of kinship——every founder effectively ties the city to another region and another people. As a parallel to the local space of ritual, then, the combination of these statements of kinship is made to locate the city in the wider space of ethnic geography. Behind a seemingly simple catalogic form, the Salmacis epigram actually combines two levels of reference to achieve a significant and multifaceted representation of a late Hellenistic city9s cultural memory.


We theoretically investigate the unusual features of the magnetotransport in a monolayer phosphorene ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic (F/N/F) hybrid structure. We find that the charge conductance can feature a minimum at parallel (P) configuration and a maximum near the antiparallel (AP) configuration of magnetization in the F/N/F structure with $n$-doped F and $p$-doped N regions and also a finite conductance in the AP configuration with the N region of $n$-type doping. In particular, the proposed structure exhibits giant magnetoresistance, which can be tuned to unity. This perfect switching is found to show strong robustness with respect to increasing the contact length and tuning the chemical potential of the N region with a gate voltage. We also explore the oscillatory behavior of the charge conductance or magnetoresistance in terms of the size of the N region. We further demonstrate the penetration of the spin-transfer torque into the right F region and show that, unlike graphene structure, the spin-transfer torque is very sensitive to the chemical potential of the N region as well as the exchange field of the F region.


Reconfigurable Arrays combine the benefit of spatial execution, typical of hardware solutions, with that of programmability, present in microprocessors. When mapping software applications (or parts of them) onto hardware, however, FPGAs often provide more flexibility than is needed, and do not implement coarser-level operations efficiently. Therefore, Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) have been proposed to this aim. While most CGRA designs feature an array cell of the order of an ALU, this paper proposes a new kind of coarse grained array, called EGRA (Expression-Grained Reconfigurable Array), featuring a cell composed of a cluster of ALUs with flexible interconnect. The EGRA attempts to further close the performance gap between reconfigurable and hardwired logic by implementing an arithmetic/logic expression per cell, rather than a single operation. A mapping methodology is proposed that can retargetably compile to a family of EGRAs, therefore enabling architectural exploration of the granularity of the proposed cell. Performance results on a number of embedded applications show that EGRAs can be used as a reconfigurable fabric for customizable processors, outperforming more traditional CGRA designs.


This paper considers the evolution of Koopman principal eigenfunctions of cascaded dynamical systems. If each component subsystem is asymptotically stable, the matrix norms of the linear parts of the component subsystems are strictly increasing, and the component subsystems have disjoint spectrums, there exist perturbation functions for the initial conditions of each component subsystem such that the orbits of the cascaded system and the decoupled component subsystems have zero asymptotic relative error. This implies that the evolutions are asymptotically equivalent; cascaded compositions of stable systems are stable. These results hold for both cascaded systems with linear component subsystem dynamics and linear coupling terms and nonlinear cascades topologically conjugate to the linear case. We further show that the Koopman principal eigenvalues of each component subsystem are also Koopman eigenvalues of the cascaded system. The corresponding Koopman eigenfunctions of the cascaded system are formed by extending the domain of definition of the component systems' principal eigenfunctions and then composing them with the perturbation function.


Cranial, facial measurements and indices are used to estimate the sex and different shapes of head, and face. It is highly important for Anatomists, forensic scientists, plastic surgeons, physical anthropologists. Six craniofacial indices namely, head length, head breadth, cephalic index, face length, face breadth, facial index were calculated. Method: The present study was performed on 100 male medical students of south India of 18-23 year age groups, anthropometric points were measured by using spreading, sliding caliper. Result: The present study showed the correlation is statistically significant between the cephalic and facial indices in males. Conclusion: predominant head type in males was Dolico cephalic in 19 year age group.


Introduction: Ethics is one of the most fundamental professional training issues in nursing and midwifery. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness rate of professional ethics of nurses and midwives. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, of 289 samples from Hamadan teaching hospitals in 2013were selected using a stratified random sampling. Data gathering, which was a two-part question -naire, was developed by researchers. The first section contained demographic information and the sec ond section contained with three sections to assess knowledge of ethic. Data Processing and statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 16. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics containing the chi-square and correlation tests was used. Further, the significance level of the test was considered 0.05. Results: The results showed that 33.2 % of the research units aged between 26 and 30 years old. 87.9 % of them were females and 36.7 % had work experience from 1to 5 years. Most of the samples in moral – professional area were good (26.6 % ) and medium (68.9 % ). Also, they were good (31.1 % ) and medium (63.0 % ) in communication area. In law area, they were good (1.7 % ) and medium (49.5 % ). From the studied variables, there was meaningful relationship between area of moral with employment status and location of service person (P=0.001), the legal field with work experience (P=0.003) and the communi cation field with location of service person (P=0.003). Conclusion: The most rate of awareness of the units in moral and communication and law fields were, respectively, good and week. Therefore, continuing education classes are recommended to be held.


Although the expenditure for new drug development by the pharmaceutical industry has been increasing in recent years, the number of new drugs approved has remained unchanged or has been gradually decreasing. For the effective development of new drugs, attrition rates of drug candidates should be reduced. In 1991, major causes of the attrition were ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) (about 40%), efficacy (about 30%), and safety issues (about 25%). In 2000, the causes were ADME (less than 10%), efficacy (about 30%), and safety issues (about 30%). Between 1991 and 2000, the attrition caused by ADME issues decreased drastically, but that caused by efficacy and safety issues did not change. To improve this situation, exploratory clinical studies including microdose and exploratory IND (Investigational New Drug) studies proposed in EU and USA, respectively, have been started at the late 1990s and the early 2000s. This commentary reviews the current situation of the exploratory clinical studies and the recent trend of pharmacokinetic studies in new drug development.


Pain is generally undertreated in the United States, owing to a number of barriers including geographic distance from specialty treatment providers; functional disability that limits mobility; treatment‐related stigma; economic limitations; and educational barriers. Pain undertreatment exacerbates pain chronicity and emotional disruption that can significantly erode a pain patient's quality of life, and there is widespread agreement that pain care must evolve to address this significant problem. The growing field of telehealth (defined for the purposes of this paper as technology that allows for distance interaction between providers and/or patients) offers a novel opportunity to expand pain assessment, consultation, and treatment services beyond the walls of the specialty pain clinic, but there is limited availability of resources describing how to best use this technology to improve access to care. A recent literature review (September 2011) using universally endorsed MeSH search criteria revealed only 32 MEDLINE references focusing on telehealth for pain. This is surprising in light of the very large number of references covering telehealth (14,164 references) and pain (104,564 references), respectively. Of the studies available, there are very few randomized trials of telehealth pain care and only one general overview of e‐health and chronic pain, which dedicates just a few paragraphs to telehealth. This manuscript represents one of the first comprehensive reviews of the current state of telehealth and pain management research and practice. The goals are to provide a rationale for the potential benefit of telehealth‐based pain management services; describe the various applications of telehealth technology for pain management; orient the reader to cost models for telehealth; present examples of services in place; and offer recommendations for future research based on the current state of knowledge.


Assortative mating must be important for maintaining morality in a population, as moral principles are shared by most people in a group. Breeding by a pair with similar morals results in genetic and cultural transmission of these morals to the next generation, which maintains the moral norms of the group. In this study, we investigated absolute and relative mate preferences in relation to particular moral foundations, as represented by five general moral values. In both sexes, correlations between ratings for self and an ideal romantic partner on these factors were rather high (.67  ≤ r ≤ .84). Differences between self-ratings and ratings for the ideal romantic partner did not deviate significantly from zero for any of these factors.


We introduce a unified objective for action and perception of intelligent agents. Extending representation learning and control, we minimize the joint divergence between the combined system of agent and environment and a target distribution. Intuitively, such agents use perception to align their beliefs with the world, and use actions to align the world with their beliefs. Minimizing the joint divergence to an expressive target maximizes the mutual information between the agent's representations and inputs, thus inferring representations that are informative of past inputs and exploring future inputs that are informative of the representations. This lets us explain intrinsic objectives, such as representation learning, information gain, empowerment, and skill discovery from minimal assumptions. Moreover, interpreting the target distribution as a latent variable model suggests powerful world models as a path toward highly adaptive agents that seek large niches in their environments, rendering task rewards optional. The framework provides a common language for comparing a wide range of objectives, advances the understanding of latent variables for decision making, and offers a recipe for designing novel objectives. We recommend deriving future agent objectives the joint divergence to facilitate comparison, to point out the agent's target distribution, and to identify the intrinsic objective terms needed to reach that distribution. MaxEnt Reward Expected Reward Latent Representations Missing Data Controllable Future


Date of Award 2017 Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group East Asian Languages & Civilizations First Advisor Victor H. Mair Abstract The rapid growth of woodblock printing in sixteenth-century China not only transformed wenzhang ("literature") as a category of knowledge, it also transformed the communities in which knowledge of wenzhang circulated. Twentieth-century scholarship described this event as an expansion of the non-elite reading public coinciding with the ascent of vernacular fiction and performance literature over stagnant classical forms. Because this narrative was designed to serve as a native genealogy for the New Literature Movement, it overlooked the crucial role of guwen ("ancient-style prose," a term which denoted the everyday style of classical prose used in both preparing for the civil service examinations as well as the social exchange of letters, gravestone inscriptions, and other occasional prose forms among the literati) in early modern literary culture. This dissertation revises that narrative by showing how a diverse range of social actors used anthologies of ancient-style prose to build new forms of literary knowledge and shape new literary publics. In this dissertation, I focus on a corpus of roughly 100 anthologies dating from the early sixteenth century to the fall of the Ming in 1644. I begin with an overview of what a prose anthology was, how and where they were produced, and what kinds of selection strategies their editors employed. I first argue that government schools served as sites for reconstructing a more or less uniform canon of classical prose across the empire, and demonstrate how the figure of the anthologist enabled printers to codify seemingly universal "rules" (fa) of prose for an empire-wide student reading public. Having delineated this process, I then turn to a group of xiaopin ("minor appraisal") anthologies produced by commercial printers in the Jiangnan region, and argue for reading their contents as a feminized ancient-style prose counter-canon embodying the values of an urban counterculture which valorized women writers. Thus, what twentiethcentury scholarship viewed as an encounter between the individual writer and a monolithic tradition is better understood, I argue, as the emergence of an empire-wide student reading public followed by the creation of a print counterculture, in which male anthologists used female prose to signify alterity. Recommended Citation Clifford, Timothy Robert, "In The Eye Of The Selector: Ancient-Style Prose Anthologies In Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) China" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2234. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2234  Download


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This article assesses the claims of the management literature regarding two important aspects of front line service work; job content and relations with the immediate supervisor. It does this, firstly, by examining the relevant research literatures and, secondly, by presenting evidence from two firms based in Australia and from one based in Japan. These firms were chosen as approximating to the ideal type of the 'new model service firm'. Evidence on knowledge, skills and creativity in the three sites suggests important commonalities with, and differences from, the 'routine worker' ideal type. the major difference lay in the considerable amount of internal contextual knowledge that was required in the role. Relations with the immediate supervisor were examined by focusing on the social relations of control and learning. the evidence on control and learning, cumulatively, indicated a tendency towards the supervisor adopting less of a direct control role and adopting more of a hierarchical teaching role.


Background and Objective: The widespread use of mobile phones in recent years, especially among young people, has given rise to concerns about the potential influences of its electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human health. The present study is conducted to investigate the adverse effects of mobile phone usage on auditory functions and to study the pattern of hearing threshold in mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 150 healthy volunteers between the age group of 21 and 45 years. They were divided into three groups; Group A consists of fifty participants who were using mobile phones for more than 1 h per day, Group B consists of fifty participants who were using mobile phones for <1 h per day, (both groups for a minimum period of 4 years), and Group C consists of fifty participants who did not use mobile phones or very occasional users (<1 h per week), being taken as control group. All participants underwent tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests and the results were compared among groups. Results: It is found that the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was seen in 10% participants of Group A and only 2% participants of Group B, but none among Group C had hearing loss, but this was statistically insignificant. The changes in DPOAEs were studied among groups and found significant difference between Group A (>1 h/day) and Group C (control group). Conclusion: The present study revealed that prolonged and frequent exposure to EMFs from mobile phone use can cause damage to the outer hair cells, especially in the basal turn of the cochlea, which can be detected by otoacoustic emission test and can subsequently lead to high frequency hearing loss.


The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between personality traits, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance in East Malaysia which
include Federal Territory Labuan, Sabah and Sarawak. Personality traits are the independent variables, entrepreneurial orientation acts as the moderator, and
business performance is the dependent variable. The dimensions of the personality traits were adopted from John and Srivastava (1999) which consist of five dimensions namely 1) Extraversion, 2) Agreeableness, 3) Conscientiousness, 4) Emotional Stability, and 5) Openness to experience. The entrepreneurial orientation
is based on the construct of risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. The business performance measurement is based on Chandler and Hanks (1993) that consist of both financial and non-financial performance. Data were collected from 305 respondents from Federal Territory Labuan, cities and towns of Sabah and Sarawak which includes Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Tawau, Kuching, Miri, Bintulu, Sibu, and Sarikei who are business owners that have been actively participated in the business management for at least one year. The results provide evidence that business owner's personality trait is a validated predictor of business financial and non-financial performance. Therefore, this study provides evidence between individual personality traits and their
capability in success of business performance for individuals who are interested to venture into a new business. As for the entrepreneurial orientation, played as a role of moderator between personality traits and business performance shows a weak moderating effect on the two variables that needs further validation.


Background: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer due to mutations in PIK3CA and AKT, hyperactivation of upstream receptor kinases, and loss of function of PTEN. DS-3078a is a dual inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) and 2 (TORC2) that modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This first-in-human study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DS-3078a.

Methods: Dose escalation was performed using an accelerated titration method with single patient cohorts starting at 20 mg followed by a continuous reassessment method according to a Bayesian regression logistic model. DS-3078a was administered orally in a continuous once daily (QD) schedule in 28-day cycles. PK parameters including area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were assessed on cycle 1 days 1 and 8. PD analyses were performed on cycle 1 days 1 and 15 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for changes in phospho-AKT and, when available, in paired tumor biopsies for phospho-AKT and -S6.

Results: Seventeen patients (pts) with a median age of 61 years (range 38-72 years) were evaluable for dose limiting toxicities (DLT) according to NCI-CTCAE v 4.0. Mesothelioma (n=4) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=3) were the most common tumor types. Other tumor types included adenoid cystic, renal, ovarian, cervical, peritoneal, colorectal, and lung carcinoma, and unknown primary. Pts were treated at seven different dose levels of DS-3078a (20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 450, and 640 mg). MTD had been exceeded at 640 mg with DLT of grade 3 vomiting and grade 2 refractory nausea resulting in two pts not being able to complete 75% of the cycle 1 dose. The lower dose of 450 mg QD was well tolerated by 6 pts and 4 additional pts will be treated at this dose level to confirm MTD. The most common non-DLT drug-related toxicities at any cycle included grade ≤2 nausea (61%), vomiting (56%), diarrhea (50%), fatigue (33%), anorexia (28%), mucositis (28%), and hyperglycemia (17%). The mean Cmax and AUC value on day 1 at 450 mg QD was 542 ng/ml and 1898 ng.h/ml, respectively. Preliminary PD data showed up to 89% inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in platelets and up to 60% inhibition retained at 24 hours post-dose at ≥320 mg QD in some pts. The best response according to RECIST v1.1 was stable disease ≥6 months in 3 pts (ovarian, renal, and peritoneal carcinoma) with minor tumor response observed in a pt with renal carcinoma.

Conclusion: DS-3078a was well tolerated up to and pharmacodynamically active at 450 mg QD. A continuous twice daily dosing schedule has been opened to explore other schedules which may optimize the biological effects of DS-3078a. Clinical trial information [NCT01588676][1].

Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C173.

Citation Format: Marta Capelan, Prasana Kumar, Anthony W. Tolcher, Andrea Zivi, Madhuri Desai, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Giorgio Senaldi, Amita Patnaik, Udai Banerji, Drew D. Rasco. A first-in-human Phase I study of DS-3078a, an oral TORC1/2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors: Preliminary results. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C173.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01588676&atom=%2Fmolcanther%2F12%2F11_Supplement%2FC173.atom


This dissertation deals with detecting and tracking dynamic features in image sequences using digital image analysis algorithms. The tracking problem is complicated in oceanographic images due to the dynamic nature of the features. Specifically, the features of interest move, change size and shape.
In the first part of the dissertation, the design and development of a new segmentation algorithm, Histogram-based Morphological Edge Detector (HMED), is presented. Mathematical morphology has been used in the past to develop efficient and robust edge detectors. But these morphological edge detectors do not extract weak gradient edge pixels, and they introduce spurious edge pixels. The primary reason for this is due to the fact that the morphological operations are defined in the domain of a pixel's neighborhood. HMED defines new operations, namely H-dilation and H-erosion, which are defined in the domain of the histogram of the pixel's neighborhood. The motivation for incorporating the histogram into the dilation and erosion is primarily due to the rich information content in the histogram compared to the one available in the pixel's neighborhood. As a result, HMED extracts weak gradient pixels while suppressing the spurious edge pixels. An extensive comparison of all morphological edge detectors in the context of oceanographic digital images is also presented.
In the second part of the dissertation, a new augmented region and edge segmentation technique for the interpretation of oceanographic features present in the AVHRR image is presented. The augmented technique uses a topography-based method that extracts topolographical labels such as concave, convex and flat pixels from the image. In this technique, first a bicubic polynomial is fitted to a pixel and its neighborhood, and topolographical label is assigned based on the first and second directional derivatives of the polynomial surface. Second, these labeled pixels are grouped and assembled into edges and regions. The augmented technique blends the edge and region information on a proximity based criterion to detect the features. A number of experimental results are also provided to show the significant improvement in tracking the features using the augmented technique over other previously designed techniques.


ABSTRACT. One of social graph's properties is the community structure, that is, subsets where nodes belonging to the same subset have a higher link density between themselves and a low link density with nodes belonging to external subsets. Futhermore, most social network mining algorithms comprise a local exploration of the underlying graph, which consists in referencing nodes in the neighborhood of a particular node. The idea of this paper is to use the community structure during the storage of large graphs that arise in social network mining. The goal is to reduce cache misses and consequently, execution time. After formalizing the problem of social network ordering as a problem of optimal linear arrangement which is known as NP-Complet, we propose NumBaCo, a heuristic based on the community structure. We present for Katz score and Pagerank, simulations that compare classic data structures Bloc and Yale to their corresponding versions that use NumBaCo. Results on a 32 cores NUMA machine using amazon, dblp and web-google datasets show that NumBaCo allows to reduce from 62% to 80% of cache misses and from 15% to 50% of execution time.


Increasing petroleum prices and environmental concerns have caused a demand for more fuel efficient vehicles. Hybrid vehicles provide a solution to this demand, and hydraulic hybrid vehicles are shown to have a cheaper cost of ownership compared to electric hybrid vehicles. A hybrid drivetrain with a hydraulic continuously variable transmission (CVT) is modeled to include efficiency information of the engine and hydraulic components. Since the expressions comprising the model can be set as functions of a control input, which is related to the swashplate angle of the hydraulic motor in the CVT, an optimization algorithm can determine a control input that maximizes the overall vehicle efficiency allowing the vehicle to increase its fuel economy. Simulations are conducted using two driving schedules: one to represent city driving and the other to represent highway driving. Based on the results of these simulations, the hybrid vehicle produces a 1.28% increase in fuel economy over a similar conventional vehicle in city driving and a 22.62% increase in fuel economy for highway driving.


Twice daily synoptic charts at surface, 850, 700 and 500 hPa and mean sea surface temperature maps for the winter season as well as each month were used to study the climatological aspects of explosive cyclones over the western North Pacific and East Asia coastal areas in the September-April periods of 1974-1984. Geographical distribution of frequency, interannual and seasonal variations of frequency and frequency distribution of differ ent intensities of explosive cyclones were analyzed. The relationships of cy clones to a 500 hPa trough, lower-tropospheric baroclinity and sea surface temperature gradients were studied at the formation and explosive stages. It was found that explosive cyclones tended to form and to deepen rap idly along the shoreward edge of the warm Kuroshio current over the area of the maximum SST gradient. They also frequently formed and deepened rapidly about 700-800 km ahead of the 500 hPa trough. Results suggest that the flux of sensible heat and latent heat from the warm ocean surface and latent heating over the cyclone area in addition to the baroclinic pro cess may have had positive effects on the formation and rapid deepening of explosive cyclones over the western North Pacific. (


Every other year, the ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee produces a document on top trends in higher education as they relate to academic librarianship. Topics in this edition of ACRL Top Trends will be familiar to some readers who will hopefully learn of new materials to expand their knowledge. Other readers will be made aware of trends that are outside of their experience. This is the nature of trends in our current technological and educational environments: change is continual, but it affects different libraries at different rates. The 2018 top trends share several overarching themes, including the impact of market forces, technology, and the political environment on libraries.


OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND
The identities of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient's CFTR mutations can influence therapeutic strategies, but because >800 CFTR mutations exist, cost-effective, comprehensive screening requires a multistage approach. Single-strand conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis (SSCP/HA) can be an important part of mutation detection, but must be calibrated within each laboratory. The sensitivity of a combined commercial-SSCP/HA approach to genotyping in a large, ethnically diverse US center CF population has not been established.

STUDY DESIGN
We screened all 27 CFTR exons in 10 human participants who had an unequivocal CF diagnosis including a positive sweat chloride test and at least 1 unknown allele after commercial testing for the 70 most common mutations by SSCP/HA. These participants were compared with 7 participants who had negative sweat tests but at least 1 other CF-like symptom meriting complete genotyping.

RESULTS
For the 10 CF participants, we detected 11 of 16 unknown alleles (69%) and all 4 of the known alleles (100%), for an overall rate of 75% inpatients not fully genotyped by conventional 70 mutation screen. For 7 participants with negative sweat tests, we confirmed 1 identified mutation in 14 alleles and detected 3 additional mutations. Mutations detected in both groups included 7 missense mutations (S13F, P67L, G98R, S492F, G970D, L1093P, N1303K) and 9 deletion, frameshift, nonsense or splicing mutations (R75X, G542X, DeltaF508, 451-458Delta8 bp, 5T, 663DeltaT, exon 13 frameshift, 1261+1G-->A and 3272-26A-->G). Three of these mutations were novel (G970D, L1093P, and 451-458Delta8 bp(1)). Thirteen other changes were detected, including the novel changes 1812-3 ins T, 4096-278 ins T, 4096-265 ins TG, and 4096-180 T-->G.

CONCLUSION
When combined with the 70 mutation Genzyme test, SSCP/HA analysis allows for detection of >95% of the mutations in an ethnically heterogeneous CF center population. We discuss 5 possible explanations that could account for the few remaining undetected mutations.