We present the calibration of the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) weak lensing source galaxy redshift distributions $n(z)$ from clustering measurements. In particular, we cross-correlate the weak lensing (WL) source galaxies sample with redMaGiC galaxies (luminous red galaxies with secure photometric redshifts) and a spectroscopic sample from BOSS/eBOSS to estimate the redshift distribution of the DES sources sample. Two distinct methods for using the clustering statistics are described. The first uses the clustering information independently to estimate the mean redshift of the source galaxies within a redshift window, as done in the DES Y1 analysis. The second method establishes a likelihood of the clustering data as a function of $n(z)$, which can be incorporated into schemes for generating samples of $n(z)$ subject to combined clustering and photometric constraints. Both methods incorporate marginalisation over various astrophysical systematics, including magnification and redshift-dependent galaxy-matter bias. We characterise the uncertainties of the methods in simulations; the first method recovers the mean $z$ of tomographic bins to RMS (precision) of $\sim 0.014$. Use of the second method is shown to vastly improve the accuracy of the shape of $n(z)$ derived from photometric data. The two methods are then applied to the DES Y3 data.


The financial crisis of 2008 and the ascendancy of the Democratic Party in Washington have created an environment in which proponents of expanded shareholder corporate governance rights are making considerable progress. Even before the crisis hit, of course, there had been a number of efforts to extend the shareholder franchise, principally so as to empower institutional investors. The crisis, however, has given them new momentum. The logic behind the shareholder empowerment project is that institutional investors will behave quite differently than dispersed individual investors. Because they own large blocks, and have an incentive to develop specialized expertise in making and monitoring investments, institutional investors could play a far more active role in corporate governance than dispersed individual investors traditionally have done. Institutional investors holding large blocks thus have more power to hold management accountable for actions that do not promote shareholder welfare. Their greater access to firm information, coupled with their concentrated voting power, might enable them to more actively monitor the firm's performance and to make changes in the board's composition when performance lagged. In fact, however, institutional investor activism is rare and limited primarily to union and state or local public employee pensions. As a result, institutional investor activism has not - and cannot - prove a panacea for the pathologies of corporate governance. Activist investors pursue agendas not shared by and often in conflict with those of passive investors. Activism by investors undermines the role of the board of directors as a central decision-making body, thereby making corporate governance less effective. Finally, relying on activist institutional investors will not solve the principal-agent problem inherent in corporate governance but rather will merely shift the locus of that problem.


Ensuring secure information flow is a critical task for service composition in multi-domain systems. Research in security-aware service composition provides some preliminary solutions to this problem, but there are still issues to be addressed. In this paper, we develop a service composition mechanism specifically focusing on the secure information flow control issues. We first introduce a general model for information flow control in service chains, considering the transformation factors of services and security classes of data resources in a service chain. Then, we develop general rules to guide service composition satisfying secure information flow requirements. Finally, to achieve efficient service composition, we develop a three-phase protocol to allow rapid filtering of candidate compositions that are unlikely to satisfy the information flow constraints and thorough evaluation of highly promising candidates. Our approach can achieve effective and efficient service composition considering secure information flow.


Dietrich Bonhoeffer offers a vibrant, theological depiction of the self constituted by and for the other in responsibility. The thesis argues that the concept of orientation is crucial for understanding this self; the self is a being oriented to, or away from, the other. To grasp the distinctiveness of Bonhoeffer's self this thesis aims to open up critical conversation with his historical contemporaries, Emmanuel Levinas and Simone Weil. Like Levinas, Bonhoeffer depicts the self as confronted by the other. Yet unlike Levinas, Bonhoeffer's other does not render the self a 'host-hostage'. An oriented self, grounded in Bonhoeffer's theology, is neither dominating nor other-dominated. Bringing Bonhoeffer and Weil into critical dialogue with one another helps to describe the precise way in which the self is responsible for the other. Conversation with Weil refines Bonhoeffer's account of responsibility by integrating her account of attention into his account of existing on behalf of another. It is also neither self-affirming nor self-negating. The first chapter outlines two recent conceptions of the self as oriented; but each, as will be demonstrated, does not recognise fully the ethical contours of the oriented self. The second chapter examines in detail Bonhoeffer's contributions to a Christological account of the responsibly oriented self. Integral to this account are the images of 'the heart turned in on itself' (cor curvum in se) and Christ who is fundamentally 'for' the other. The third chapter converses with Emmanuel Levinas, both constructively and critically. Of help is Levinas's reading of the other as a confrontation to the self. His rendering of the other as dominating, or holding hostage, the self is a serious issue. Such a construction resists positive elements of the self-other relation. The fourth chapter investigates what conversation with Simone Weil can offer to Bonhoeffer's framework. Her concept of attention helps to articulate how the self becomes a self through engagement with another. The fifth chapter presents Adolph Eichmann, as portrayed by Hannah Arendt, as the supreme and pivotal opposite of attentive responsibility. In Eichmann's irresponsibility and disunity [while doing his 'duties'] one finds justification for a fundamental re-working of ethics in a Bonhoefferian vein. The image of the ethically blind cor curvum in se exposes Eichmann's fundamental issue. In contrast, Bonhoeffer's ethically oriented self both perceives the other and gives of itself as for that other.


Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by inflammation, monocyte-macrophage migration, and lipid accumulation in the vascular wall. In this study, two experiments are calculated numerically. The first is Cheng et al 2006 experiment with cast model on the carotid artery and the second is our pig experiment on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) after 2 month of high fat diet. Experimental model of plaque formation on pig LAD is simulated numerically using a specific animal data obtained from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histological data. The 3D blood flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations, together with the continuity equation. Mass transfer within the blood lumen and through the arterial wall is coupled with the blood flow and is modeled by the convection-diffusion equation. LDL transport in lumen of the vessel is described by Kedem-Katchalsky equations. The inflammatory process is solved using three additional reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. Matching of IVUS and histological animal data is performed using 3D histological image reconstruction and 3D deformation of elastic body. Lipids concentration in the intimal area of the low shear stress was 16% and for oscillatory zone 10% which is in good agreement with experimental data. Matching of plaque location and progression in time between experimental and computer model shows a potential benefit for future prediction of this vascular decease using computer simulation.


Cold ambient temperatures can negatively affect the performance of passive and semi-passive landfill leachate treatment systems and decrease treatment efficiency. Cold temperature leachate treatment efficiencies were compared between a commercially available semi-passive treatment system and a passive peat and wood shaving biological trickling filter. The addition of an active fixed-film pretreatment stage in the treatment train was also assessed. Results indicated that the internal temperature of the peat filters was independent of influent water temperature; exothermic reactions maintained internal system temperatures. It was determined that pretreatment of the leachate did not affect the overall removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), but did increase nitrification in the subsequent passive treatment systems and allowed for the removal of dissolved inorganic constituents prior to the passive treatment system, which will extend the useful life of the entire treatment train. The hybrid-passive treatment systems reduced COD concentrations by 10 ± 3% and 15 ± 3%, in the semi-passive treatment system and the peat and wood shaving biological trickling filter-based systems, respectively, and indicated that nitrifying biomass was starting to populate the treatment systems. It was therefore concluded that operation of these systems would be feasible under cold climate and should be assessed at the pilot-scale.


Inclusion of large and sensitive antennas is of essential importance to further improve the imaging capabilities of VLBI at 3.5 mm wavelength. The combination of the 100 m radio telescope at Effelsberg (illuminated diameter ~60 m at lambda = 3.5 mm) with the 30 m radio telescope at Pico Veleta presently allows the detection of compact flux down to a level of 0.2 Jy (for τ=360 seconds integration time). Fringes have been found for 23 radio sources many of them not observed previously with VLBI at 86 GHz. On European baselines to Effelsberg the SNR typically was 10 to 30 (and ranged up to 107 for 3C279), facilitating model fitting for the brightest sources. Even in spite of chaning weather conditions during the observations (coherence times ranged between 10 to 100 seconds) and a still non-optimum pointing model for the 100 m antenna for observations at high frequencies, these results demonstrate that the 100 m radio telescope can be successfully incorporated in global VLBI experiments at 3.5 mm wavelength.


Footnotes is the first solo exhibition of work by Michelle Forsyth in Toronto. Her work is both material and conceptual, and includes: sculpture, weaving, writing, painting, in addition to printmaking, which she uses to examine her changing relationship to the objects in her home. Recent screenprinted photographs of bundled objects and screenprinted text passages that have been folded and photographed against patterned backgrounds will be included in this exhibition.

Michelle Forsyth employs a diverse array of material processes to create a taxonomy of objects in her home. She is a proponent of decorative repetition, she champions the power of colour to stir emotions, and she swoons over the use of florid language that elicits forgotten moments or evokes scenes just barely remembered. Tales of companionship and narratives describing human vulnerability often accompany her works. Whether embedded within the structure of the work itself, or included as a footnote to a piece, she uses these stories to express her gratitude for those with whom she has shared her life. Forsyth thinks of these stories when she works in the studio, and her process is focused on keeping her hands busy so she can think, mourn, and commemorate her past.

Michelle Forsyth holds an MFA from Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ); and a BFA from the University of Victoria (Victoria, BC). Her work has been included in exhibitions at venues such as: Mulherin + Pollard, (New York, NY); Zaum Projects (Lisbon, Portugal); The BRIC Arts Media House (Brooklyn, NY); Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar (Doha, Qatar); Pentimenti Gallery (Philadelphia, PA); Auxiliary Projects (Brooklyn, NY); The Hunterdon Museum of Art (Clinton, NJ); The Luminary Center for the Arts (St. Louis, MO); The Charleston Heights Arts Center (Las Vegas, NV); Deluge Contemporary Art (Victoria, BC); and Mercer Union (Toronto, ON). She has received grants from the Canada Council (Ottawa, ON), Artist Trust (Seattle, WA), and was awarded the Larry Sommers Memorial Fellowship (Seattle Print Arts, WA). She has participated in residencies at the Banff Centre (Banff, AB), and The Frans Masereel Centrum (Kasterlee, Belgium). Michelle Forsyth currently teaches at OCAD University (Toronto, ON).


The Black Woman's Guide to Black Men's Health by Andrea King Collier and Willarda V. Edwards. Warner Wellness, 2007, 330 pp. Collier and Edwards have defined in very specific terms the practical ways that Black women can improve the health of the men in their lives and communities. The text is an easy read, and therein rests the strength and potential of this document to challenge barriers, even those erected by some women's interest groups that ignore the risks to poor men's health in the United States. This important volume can lead to changes in attitudinal and health-protection advocacy behaviors, and perhaps even give greater significance to the role that women must play in protecting the health of men without fearing that gains in the health of men will come at the expense of continued advances in the health of women (Treadwell, Northridge, & Bethea, 2007). This book is a call for greater attention to men's health in a nation that has a federal Office of Women's Health but no comparable office to oversee men's health protection. Given that we lack any national guidelines or resource tools for women who want to play a more proactive role in improving men's health, the authors have provided a remarkable resource that can be used in campaigns to bring attention to the health concerns of Black men, and to the internal and external barriers faced by Black men in accessing health care. Challenging women to take the lead is helping provide men with access to health care makes this volume unique. The call for more attention to the health care of Black men, many of whom may be underinsured or uninsured and have been so since they left either a parent's private insurance or aged out of Medicaid (though not out of poverty), is critical. Data on gender-based health disparity in the United States affirm that Black men are in a dead heat for the bottom on any measure of morbidity and mortality and affordable options for coverage (National Vital Statistics, 2006; Centers for Disease Control, 2005). The authors address the barriers to healthcare coverage (for example, insurance that includes payment for care encompassing mental, oral, and all physical conditions), trusting relationships with providers, dietary issues, erectile dysfunction, and other topics in a "sister to sister" tone. They affirm that women must speak up and speak out on Black men's healthcare. Collier and Edwards confirm the importance of women's roles in nurturing family and community health, and are frank about the economic and personal losses suffered when men become disabled with chronic diseases or die too soon because of late diagnosis and treatment, leaving loved ones with diminished income and companionship. …


The reply of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian to a certain Agathemeros, in C. 7,72,6, concerns the position of a creditor, especially in the case of a debtor's insolvency. The text lays down several fundamental legal principles concerning personal and real rights; the ranking of creditors; the fact that a pledgee has a better right than an ordinary creditor; the equal status of all ordinary creditors without any preferential right; and the heir succeeding to the obligation. This text proves to be a synopsis of the most important rules of private law.


Natural language understanding (NLU) of text is a fundamental challenge in AI, and it has received significant attention throughout the history of NLP research. This primary goal has been studied under different tasks, such as Question Answering (QA) and Textual Entailment (TE). In this thesis, we investigate the NLU problem through the QA task and focus on the aspects that make it a challenge for the current state-of-the-art technology. This thesis is organized into three main parts:
In the first part, we explore multiple formalisms to improve existing machine comprehension systems. We propose a formulation for abductive reasoning in natural language and show its effectiveness, especially in domains with limited training data. Additionally, to help reasoning systems cope with irrelevant or redundant information, we create a supervised approach to learn and detect the essential terms in questions.
In the second part, we propose two new challenge datasets. In particular, we create two datasets of natural language questions where (i) the first one requires reasoning over multiple sentences; (ii) the second one requires temporal common sense reasoning. We hope that the two proposed datasets will motivate the field to address more complex problems.
In the final part, we present the first formal framework for multi-step reasoning algorithms, in the presence of a few important properties of language use, such as incompleteness, ambiguity, etc. We apply this framework to prove fundamental limitations for reasoning algorithms. These theoretical results provide extra intuition into the existing empirical evidence in the field.


We use Erlang, ML, and Haskell for a few small projects but (as I'm sure you guessed) we'd like to focus on the lessons we've learned using Erlang for building Facebook Chat. The channel servers are at the heart of our Chat infrastructure; they receive messages from our web servers and queue them for HTTP delivery. Presence information, the knowledge of who is currently using Chat, is aggregated and shipped to a separate service. The service has been operational since our launch about a year ago and we continue to develop and improve it frequently. We're also developing an XMPP interface to Facebook Chat based on the ejabberd project. A lot of functionality has been added to interact with the many moving parts of our infrastructure.
 Erlang has been the right tool for the job. It's well-known that Erlang is a good choice for communications applications and real-time chat in particular, and we'd like to mention that Erlang's strong support for concurrency, distribution, hot code loading, and online debugging have been indispensable, and that it's those same weaknesses that lead us away from C++ when first designing the service. However, we'd like to focus on the factors inside and outside Facebook that enabled us to choose Erlang in the first place. Most importantly, we needed good support for language-independent RPC. Fortunately we rely heavily on Thrift for all our services. Both the channel and Jabber servers need to speak to programs written in PHP and C++, and having infrastructure and engineers comfortable debugging it already in place when we began was invaluable. Our service management tools as well are language-independent; all our services regardless of language are controlled using the same interface. Facebook and the Thrift project are also fortunate to have an active community. The original Thrift binding for Erlang was implemented in-house but substantial portions were reimplemented by outside contributors. As well we've leveraged existing open source products including ejabberd and Bob Ippolito's Mochiweb framework.
 The other half of our story consists of the barriers presented and risks taken in choosing Erlang. I mentioned above that much of Facebook's infrastructure is language-agnostic, but our build and deploy systems unfortunately are not. Many of our internal tools weren't written with Erlang or (in particular) hot code reloading in mind, so we needed to write many one-offs to support all the runtime goodness that Erlang affords us. Facebook runs many services, most of which are in C++, Python, or Java, and only two in Erlang, so in some respects we've needed to work harder to integrate. We at Facebook also tend to work in large codebases and share the responsibility of bug fixing. Unfortunately, our Erlang projects live outside of our main repository, and the extra learning necessary to develop or just fix bugs in Erlang tends to keep us isolated from the pool of talent in our department. Unsurprisingly, the job of fixing Chat bugs falls to one of a very small group, whereas bugs in our PHP code have a small army of PHP generalists waiting to squash them. However Erlang has such a steep learning curve only because most undergraduate programs don't stress functional programming, and Facebook in particular doesn't expose most engineers to functional programming, or even information about the strengths and weaknesses of FP versus PHP, C++, and Python. In particular we'd like to touch on the prevalence of object-oriented programming in education and in practice, and the tendency of engineers (even engineers with FP experience) to guide their design by OOP principles even when they don't fit. The recurring theme is "the right tool for the job" --- actor-based, functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming are all valuable tools for modeling particular problems, but the most important lessons in our experience are how to lower the barriers to choosing the right tool, and how to arm engineers with the knowledge they need to make an appropriate choice.


Charles Harpur (1813–68) is recognised in his native Australia as a pioneering Romantic poet, but his achievements are little recognised elsewhere. This essay considers his contribution to the development of Romantic tragedy. He wrote two tragedies, The Bushrangers (1853, orig. 1835), a gothic bandit drama in the tradition of Schiller's Die Rauber (1781), and King Saul (c. 1838), an incomplete Biblical drama apparently inspired by Byron's Cain: A Mystery (1821). Like many European playwrights of the period, Harpur was deeply influenced by the new kinds of melodrama that were sweeping the stage, but also sought to distinguish his literary productions from more popular fare. His alienation from the popular theatre was exacerbated by his colonial context, where strict censorship, rising snobbery and plentiful cultural imports from Britain stifled the early efforts of nationalist, convict-born writers like himself. These contexts help to explain three distinctive aspects of Harpur's Romantic tragedies: they were direct in an age when drama was often evasive, radical even in an age of revolution, and mystical in an age of increasing religious scepticism. Whatever his theatrical merits, Harpur was a bold playwright who worked through controversial political and aesthetic problems in a remarkably explicit way.


In sub-Saharan Africa, 90% of malaria cases are the result of transmission by the Anopheles gambiae species complex, causing 600,000 deaths annually. Increasingly, An. gambiae demonstrate behavioural and physiological resistance to control interventions and this, coupled with inadequate sampling methods, necessitates urgent development of new, efficient monitoring and control tools for malarial mosquitoes. The aim of this project was to examine the host-seeking behaviour of female An. gambiae to identify behavioural attributes that could be exploited in the design of novel trapping systems. To facilitate this, a wind tunnel arena with three-dimensional video-tracking was developed to quantify host-seeking flight of An. gambiae when presented with host-associated stimuli. In a constant flow of carbon dioxide and human-derived volatiles, mosquitoes were most active early in the night, suggesting a periodic responsiveness to olfactory stimuli, priming them to respond to potential hosts early in the night. Later spontaneous activity may increase the likelihood of encountering host odour plumes. Mosquitoes exhibited smooth and tortuous flight in up, down and crosswind directions in flows of clean and host odour-laden air, demonstrating a flexible suite of host-seeking behaviours. It is proposed that 'dipping' flight, consisting of high frequency vertical oscillations, may represent an alternative strategy to optomotor-guided anemotaxis in very low-light levels. When presented with black and clear targets in a flow of host odour-laden air, mosquitoes closely approached both targets more frequently than in a flow of clean air. Black targets were approached more frequently and collision avoidance was characterised by a rapid change to steep vertical flight. That mosquitoes avoided colliding with clear targets suggests involvement of an un-described sensory mechanism for detecting surfaces. Based on these findings, a prototype sticky trap incorporating a visual cue was tested in a malaria endemic region of Burkina Faso. The visually conspicuous trap caught more An. gambiae than a control trap, although both were equally efficient; additional design features could further optimise the visual trap. Overall, project results indicate that female An. gambiae exhibit a variety of integrated stimuli-response mechanisms that control navigation through the environment and towards potential hosts. Furthermore, they validate the approach of using quantified behaviours to improve the efficacy of monitoring tools.


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To investigate cancer surveillance behaviors of women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) who presented for clinical BRCA cancer susceptibility testing, specifically to describe cancer surveillance behaviors and reasons for not engaging in behaviors, compare surveillance behaviors with existing surveillance guidelines, and evaluate associations of cancer surveillance behaviors with BRCA results.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional, descriptive.

SETTING
Genetic risk-assessment programs in a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center and a community cancer center, both in the southwestern region of the United States.

SAMPLE
Purposive sample of 107 at-risk women.

METHODS
Self-report survey.

MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Breast and ovarian cancer surveillance behaviors and BRCA test results.

FINDINGS
Ninety percent of participants had a personal history of breast cancer; 84% had a negative BRCA result. About 60% of participants engaged in at least the minimum recommended breast cancer surveillance behaviors, but 70% had suboptimal ovarian cancer surveillance behaviors. Lack of physician recommendation was the most frequently reported reason for not having surveillance procedures. BRCA results were not associated with the breast cancer surveillance categories and the ovarian cancer surveillance recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS
Although most participants were not carriers of a mutation, the presence of other risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer dictates continued cancer surveillance. At-risk women may not be informed adequately about cancer surveillance.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Healthcare providers should be aware of changing breast and ovarian cancer surveillance recommendations and counsel their at-risk patients accordingly.


Physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits in youth; however, these benefits could extend further than health, into education. Our aim was to systematically review and combine in meta-analyses evidence concerning the association between physical activity and the dimensions of school engagement, including behavior (e.g., time-on-task), emotions (e.g., lesson enjoyment), and cognition (e.g., self-regulated learning). We conducted meta-analyses using structural equation modeling on results from 38 studies. Overall, physical activity had a small, positive association with school engagement (d = .28, I2 = .86), 95% confidence interval [.12, .46]. This association was moderated by study design, with significant associations shown in randomized controlled trials but not in studies employing other designs. Risk of bias was also a significant effect moderator, as studies with a low risk of bias showed significant associations but not high risk of bias studies. Altogether, these results suggest that physical activity could improve school engagement.


This article suggests a framework for the articulation of ambiophonic and geometrical spaces in electroacoustic composition and performance. Space-ambiophony explores the global perception of space, which is derived from the archetypal perception of surrounding environments. The term applies to usually large-scale observation but it can also include shifts in the listener's attention from gestalt perception to micro-structural observation. A spatial analysis of Smalley's Base Metals demonstrates the methods by which space-ambiophony is integrated into the composition. In space-geometry, relations and analogies are established between composed sonic events and principles of geometry and stereometry. Three primordial geometrical elements, drawn from Wassily Kandinsky's theoretical work on painting, serve as metaphorical cells for the construction and projection of this type of space: the point, the line and the plane. The interaction between the acoustic qualities of listening spaces, the configuration of loudspeakers, the composed space (sonic trajectories, background, foreground) and its projection by the interpreter in a concert, are all issues that occupy parts of the article.


Comparison and alignment of a series of protein and DNA
sequences were among the first and are now established as the most powerful and frequently used bioinformatics methods. A variety of computational algorithms and programs have been created for this purpose. Decision about which tools to use is one of the important problems for bioinformaticians, especially for the majority of biologists who are non-specialist users. Therefore,
a comparisons study for the different multiple sequence
alignment tools (MSA) is necessary for the biologists and
bioinformaticians to use the proper software that interprets
correctly their biological data. This study addresses this critical issue in relation to MSA algorithms by systematically comparing and evaluating the functionality, usability and the algorithms of three famous multiple sequence alignment tools. A novel method was proposed for qualifying the MSA tools result by using Scorecons server to compute the conservation scores which was named SCS method (ScoreCons Server method). Furthermore, to assert the accuracy of this method for evaluating the quality of
MSA tools, the results were compared with the results of SPS
and CS. Finally, based on the achievement some considerations in choosing the proper MSA tools were proposed.


According to the basic idea of bodily phenomenology the body is exactly the center and vehicle of my whole existence: I am as a body which feels, acts and thinks in my different ways of making myself at home in the world. The lived body, however, is not only my most fundamental home, it is also a creature with a life of its own that harbors autonomous powers. Sometimes this autonomy of the body turns alien in the sense that it changes my basic being at home with it (as it) into an experience of bodily alienation: the body becomes not only mine, but also other to me in an uncanny way. In the chapter some such forms of bodily uncanniness are identified and related to the example of anorexia nervosa. This analysis helps us to discern different ways in which our bodies can turn up as alien to us and what types of processes (biological, emotional-cognitive, social-cultural) the forms of otherness in question are tied to. Anorexia nervosa displays several such ways of being alienated from one's body in an uncanny way. These include forms of alienation that can be found in somatic illness, but they also concern ways of being objectified in an everyday manner in the social world by the gazes of others, finding oneself in a cultural pattern of norms regarding the feminine, the healthy, the beautiful, and the successful. The alienating gazes of the others are soon made into a self-surveying gaze by the anorexic girl, in the process of which the image of the own body is made increasingly unrealistic and self-punishing. Anorexia, in most cases, is set off by cultural influences, but when the starvation and over-exercise have been brought into play, the malnourished body as a kind of self-defence inflicts moods that make its bearer strangely disembodied, increasingly apprehending the body as a thing, and a thing that is still not thin enough, despite its now uncannily thin look to others.


This report describes a method called MCM (Method for Conceptual Modeling) for building and evaluating formal specifications of object-oriented models of database system behavior. An important aim of MCM is to bridge the gap between formal specification and informal understanding. Building a MCM model is a process that moves from the informal to the formal, evaluating the model is a process that moves back from the formal to the informal.
First, a general framework for information system development methods is given, that is used to indicate which elements are needed to build a particular information system development method. In general, the following elements are needed (see figure 0.1)
l. Requirements determination methods that can be used to determine the information needs of the environment, and to find functional and nonfunctional requirements specifications.
2. Conceptual modeling methods that can be used to elaborate the statement of functional require ments into a formal specification of observable system behavior.
3. Implementation methods that can be used to transform the conceptual model specification into an implementation within the constraints indicated by the nonfunctional requirements.
4. Project management methods that can be used to manage the development process in the presence of limited resources and a potentially disturbing environment.
MCM is a conceptual modeling method, and must therefore in any information system development project be supplemented with three other kinds of methods. MCM contains three kinds of methods (figure 0.1).
1. Observation methods to find relevant data about the required database system.
2. Induction methods that allow one to go from a finite set of data about required system behavior to a conceptual model that represents all of this behavior.
3. Evaluation methods that allow one to test the quality of a specification of a conceptual model.
In this report, I concentrate on induction and evaluation methods and merely make a list of relevant observation methods. The induction methods listed in figure 0.1 are not exhaustive. MCM can be viewed as a framework within which methods and techniques for conceptual modeling can be plugged. Some of these methods and techniques are mentioned in this report but not elaborated. There are three kinds of evaluation methods, that deal with the validity of the conceptual model, the utility of the specified behavior, and the quality of the use that is made of the available modeling constructs. Prototyping and animation are briefly discussed as evaluation methods. The quality checks, however, are listed exhaustively. The result of following MCM is a conceptual model. In the philosophy of MCM, a conceptual model consists of three components (see figure 0.2):
1. The UoD model is a model of the part of reality represented by the database system.
2. The DBS model represents DBS behavior, such as the queries to be asked from the DBS, the user interface, the contents and layout of reports produced by the DBS, etc.
3. A model of the boundary between the DBS and the UoD. This is a list of all possible transactions that the DBS can engage in, plus the function that this behavior has for the user of the DBS.


For practical, high-energy lithium ion batteries, we introduce an egg-shell structured LiCoO2, enabling a credible performance with a high cut-off potential of 4.4 V, simply prepared by only stirring in 0.5 mM Cu(NO3)2 aqueous solution at room temperature without costly heat treatment. Through this, a very robust structure in which the Li+ ions in the LiCoO2 structure were substituted with Cu2+ is selectively synthesized on the surface of active material particles. The egg-shell structured LiCoO2 presents excellent cyclability and high coulombic efficiency even in a high potential range of 4.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) to allow a high specific capacity. Additionally, the surface-modified LiCoO2 reaches a high capacity at a fast discharge rate of 20C even after a high temperature cycling sequence. The intended surface modification is also carefully investigated by systematic analyses of STEM, SEM and XPS. Finally, the electrochemical performance of a graphite/surface-modified LiCoO2 full-cell exhibits an excellent capacity retention of nearly 90% over 1000 cycles. It is concluded that the surface modification method in which the LiCoO2 powder is added to a low-concentration aqueous solution of copper nitrate and stirred at room temperature is effective in improving the cycle life of LiCoO2 at high potentials.


Local faith actors are deeply involved in assisting refugees around the
world. Their place in refugee response, however, can be in parallel with and, at times,
in disagreement with the efforts of international humanitarian organizations. Focusing
on the interactions between local faith actors and refugees and local faith actors
and international organizations, the lenses of hospitality and hostility are used to analyze
the tensions between these types of actors. Through a review of the literature and
interviews with 21 key informants, I show that processes of marginalization occur to
the extent that local faith actors lose their positions of host to the dominance of the
international humanitarian system, and feelings of hostility ensue. This demonstrates
to international actors why they might be ill received and how they can approach partnerships
with local faith actors in more diplomatic ways.


Natural disasters education is a very important part in the prevention of
 natural disasters. If it is applied from an early age, it would be successful
 and will yield positive results, namely to reduce the risks and consequences.
 A good platform for the implementation of natural disasters education is the
 formal aspect of education, precisely, subjects in elementary and secondary
 schools, including the geography as an interdisciplinary science which
 provides broad opportunities for understanding of all aspects of natural
 disasters and thus plays an important role in preventing. Given the existing
 content of natural disasters in the curriculum, as well as in geography
 textbooks in which mainly deal with natural processes and partly their
 consequences, we conducted a survey of school-aged children which included
 checking of acquired knowledge, perception of risk of seismic hazard and
 response to a specific disaster. Selected territory was the town of Kraljevo,
 which was hit by an earthquake magnitude 5.4 on November 3rd 2010. The
 research was conducted through a survey testing of elementary school pupils.
 The questions are grouped into four segments: issues related to the
 activities and feeling of pupils "during an earthquake," feelings and
 activities "after the earthquake", "sources of knowledge about earthquakes"
 and "tipes of training they need." The results were analyzed by statistical
 methods, which have proven hypotheses relating to each of the above segments.
 They showed that only 12% of pupils responded correctly at the time of the
 earthquake, that 60% of pupils are not aware that their reaction was wrong
 during the earthquake, the earthquake has left a significant impression on
 the 61% of pupils and almost all pupils expressed an interest in training on
 appropriate behavior during disasters. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
 Srbije, br. 47007]


Orientation: The psychological empowerment of employees might affect their engagement. However, psychological empowerment and employee engagement might also be influenced by job insecurity. Research purposes: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment, job insecurity and employee engagement. Motivation for the study: Employee engagement results in positive individual and organisational outcomes and research information about the antecedents will provide valuable information for the purposes of diagnosis and intervention. Research design, approach and method: A correlational design was used. Survey design was conducted among 442 employees in a government and a manufacturing organisation. The measuring instruments included the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, the Job Insecurity Inventory, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Main findings: Statistically significant relationships were found between psychological empowerment, job insecurity and employee engagement. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that affective job insecurity had a main effect on three dimensions of psychological empowerment (viz. competence, meaning and impact) and on employee engagement. Affective job insecurity moderated the effect of psychological empowerment on employee engagement. Practical implications: The implication of the results is that interventions that focus on the psychological empowerment of employees (viz. meaningfulness, competence, self-determination and impact) will contribute to the engagement (vigour, dedication and absorption) of employees. If job insecurity is high, it is crucial to attend to the psychological empowerment of employees. Contribution: This study contributes to knowledge about the conditions that precede employee engagement, and shows that the dimensions of psychological empowerment (namely experienced meaningfulness, competence, impact and self-determination) play an important role in this regard.


Dose influences mechanism; and over a wide range of doses, one can envision that mechanism will change with changing dose. This basic concept in toxicology is juxtaposed with the biologic importance of maintaining normal DNA methylation status to provide the focus of this paper. The idea that altered DNA methylation plays a variety of roles in carcinogenesis is compatible with three key features of this multistage process: clonal selection of abnormal cells in a progressive fashion, the reversibility of tumor promotion, and the multiplicity of tumor phenotypes. A relatively low capacity to maintain normal methylation status appears to explain, in part, the high propensity of the B6C3F1 mouse to develop liver tumors. This observation supports the view that a mouse liver tumor response is not an appropriate end point for human risk assessment. Additionally, it is suggested that altered DNA methylation can be viewed as a secondary mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. The knowledge that a chemical is acting by a mode of action involving a secondary mechanism can be used to support a safety factor or multiplicity of exposure approach to risk assessment.


Background. Neurological complications due to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been described in different parts of the world, with children being disproportionately affected. However, the burden of CHIKV-associated neurological disease in Africa is currently unknown. Methods. We estimated the incidence of CHIKV infection among children hospitalised with neurological disease in coastal Kenya. We used reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to systematically test for CHIKV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children aged <16 years hospitalised with symptoms of neurological disease at Kilifi County Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical records were linked to the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System and population incidence rates of CHIKV infection estimated. Findings. There were 18,341 paediatric admissions during the 5-year study period, of which 4,332 (24%) had CSF collected. The most common clinical reasons for CSF collection were impaired consciousness, seizures and coma (47%, 22% and 21% of all collections, respectively). After acute investigations done for immediate clinical care, CSF samples were available for 3,980 admissions, of which 367 (9.2%) were CHIKV RT-PCR positive. The annual incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease varied between 13 to 58 episodes per 100,000 person-years among all children <16 years old. Among children aged <5 years, the incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease was 77 per 100,000 person-years, compared with 20 per 100,000 for cerebral malaria and 7 per 100,000 for bacterial meningitis during the study period. Interpretation. Although not previously recognized, CHIKV-associated neurological disease is common in coastal Kenya and a significant public health burden.


Purpose
To compare a new visual field analyser, Compass, that included an eye tracking and scanning ophthalmoloscopy to Humphrey visual field analyser (HFA).

Methods
Prospective cross study design.

Patients were included after a complete examination: all were indemn of ocular disease except glaucoma. Visual acuity was 20/20 for each eye and spherical equivalent ranged from +3 to −3 D.

Patients were randomly assigned to one instrument. HFA was performed with a 24-2 SITA standard strategy comparable to the Compass 24-2 ZEST strategy. Both eyes were tested and 30 min after where screened with the other instrument.

MD, PSD and exam duration were compared for both devices using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Agreement was evaluated with a Bland-Altman graph for each parameter.

Results
The study included 67 eyes of 30 patients. This population was decomposed as: 13 normal eyes, 28 OHT or glaucoma suspect and 26 glaucoma. Patients' demographics were (mean ± SD): age 66.3 ± 13.0 years, pachymetry 527.6 ± 28.95 μm, axial length 23.73 ± 0.99 mm, spherical equivalent −0.004 ± 1.3 D. 65 HFA vs. 62 compass visual fields were reliable (ns). Mean Deviation was equivalent for HFA and Compass instruments: −1.6 ± 2.6 vs. −1.4 ± 2.8 dB (p = 0.28). Pattern Standard Deviation was significantly higher for the Compass 3.9 ± 2.4 vs. 2.4 ± 1.9 dB for the HFA (p < 0.0001). Examen duration was also longer for the Compass 351 ± 83 s vs. 318 ± 48 s for the HFA (p = 0.0164). Bland Altman plots showed a good agreement between HFA and Compass.

Conclusions
This study shows that MD and failure rate were comparable between both instruments, PSD and examination duration were slightly higher for the Compass. Agreement was good between both instruments.

As most of the patients included had already performed a HFA before, this may explain the duration difference between and should be consider in further explorations.


Essential teaching skills of pre-service teachers, including scientific approach teaching in which become primary goal in science education, are often developed through modeling. This study utilized an instructional video in biology that showed scientific approach teaching in cooperative learning model. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe the teaching skills of pre-service biology teachers after a modeling session which used the instructional video using scientific approach in cooperative learning, and (2) to describe the views of those pre-service teachers in response to the learning process involving the instructional video. The study involved 11 pre-service teachers in Biology Education program, The State University of Surabaya, Indonesia. The pre-service teachers were asked to conduct teaching simulations according to the video they had observed with different biology topics. Results showed that the instructional video was effective in training pre-service teachers to implement scientific approach in their own cooperative learning. In addition, the pre-service teachers showed positive responses towards the video modeling. Educational implication of this study implies that the instructional video is able to train teaching skills of pre-service teachers.


Fast pyrolysis of biomass wastes which is usually finished in a few seconds for the preparation of porous carbonaceous materials (PCMs) is much faster and more energy-efficient than the conventional hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method and does not require the use of solvents. In this study, PCMs were prepared using corn gluten meal (CGM) waste by fast pyrolysis combined with chemical activation by KOH, and the capacitance performance of the resulting PCMs was investigated. The specific capacitance of PCMP500 (fast pyrolysis at 500 °C) was 488 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, which is better than those of PCMs obtained at other pyrolytic temperatures (PCMP300 and PCMP400). Under the same conditions, the PCMs prepared by the HTC process exhibited relatively lower supercapacitance performance, i.e., PCMH250 (HTC at 250 °C) is 433 F g−1. The high performance of PCMP500 was mainly attributed to the high specific surface area and pore structure, which depends on the thermal treatment methods. This work demonstrates that fast pyrolysis may be a promising technology for massive production of high performance PCMs from biomass wastes.


Over 50 practical recipes to install, configure, and monitor your Oracle setup using Oracle Enterprise Manager Overview Recipes for installing, configuring, and getting up and running with Oracle Enterprise Manager. Set up automatic discovery, create and clone databases, and perform provisioning. Monitor Oracle Fusion Middleware, and remotely use incident and problem management using iPad/iPhone. In Detail Oracle Enterprise Manager is a key tool for any Oracle Administrator, allowing them to manage their Oracle installations and selected other applications, providing a one stop place to manage and maintain the entire infrastructure in any organization. The Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Cookbook will give administrators a head start towards implementing OEM in their organizations, by taking you through all the aspects of installation, upgrade, configuration, and monitoring of various servers, databases, and various Oracle Fusion Middleware components. Starting with the installation and upgrade of your OEM installation, this book then takes you through the process of using OEM12c to configure and monitor your Oracle application and database servers, including the various supported Oracle Fusion Middleware products. This book will uncover various installations options (with simple advanced options) and various upgrade options. The book will also cover monitoring the infrastructure using Action Session History Analytics. There are recipes on creating, cloning databases, and creating templates. Additionally there are recipes on Configuration of Oracle Business Intelligence, Oracle Golden Gate, Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher, and Oracle Weblogic using OEM12c. What you will learn from this book Install OEM12c, with different approaches for different circumstances Correctly Upgrade your installation to OEM12c Configure and correctly set up the features of OEM12c Effectively Monitor using OEM12c, including the newly introduced features Create and Clone databases via OEM12c Configure Oracle Business Intelligence in OEM12c Configure Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher in OEM12c Configure Oracle Golden Gate in OEM12c Configure iPhone/iPad for Incident and Problem Management in OEM12c Setting Up Application Dependency and Performance (ADP) Manager in Cloud Control Setting Up JVM Diagnostics (JVMD) Manager in Cloud Control Approach As a Packt Cookbook, you can expect this book to be full of useful and practical recipes to common and important tasks faced by professional database administrators. Who this book is written for This book is for Oracle Database, Middleware, System, and Infrastructure Administrators. A basic understanding of Oracle Enterprise Manager is needed, as well as being comfortable using command line environments.


Purpose
The paper examines the conditions under which the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) innovation is justified by business purposes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology capable of guiding prudent and successful investment in the IoT. The paper identifies enabling conditions to maximize the success of IoT security innovation adoption projects in Italian banks.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology proposed is constructed from two key sources: first a literature review and second through impressions gleaned from an informal survey and in-depth interviews with a sample of convenience of six managers of Italian bank security systems. A key purpose of the literature review is to identify enabling conditions for a successful IT innovation adoption project which is then synthesized into an "innovation adoption model" capable of illustrating an IoT adoption decision. Second, the authors identify business process reengineering (BPR) steps required to establishing an appropriate organizational and technical framework to successfully undertake the adoption of the IoT for bank physical security purposes. The resulting methodology refers to a typical BPR project approached from an information system development perspective capable of fusing IoT services with human-based services at best performance values.

Findings
The literature review and proposed BPR framework give indications of possible support for the conclusion that the banking sector is ready for the IoT innovations and transformation of traditional bank branch worksites into smart environments. The tentative nature of these findings give sufficient justification for trialing the IoT for banking physical security by introducing an Intelligent Protection System to manage security management processes. Although the authors do not generalize the findings from examining the Italian banking security system, the literature review and the paucity of studies available encourages us to investigate the use of the IoT for bank physical security more broadly.

Originality/value
Adoption of the IoT represents the third wave of IT-driven competition and introduces a methodology applicable to the security domain which represents, globally, an area that is becoming a domain of major economic and social concern. The IoT adoption model proposed reflects the current state of knowledge in the field and could be extended to other organizational at-risk areas requiring continuity of highly effective protection. The authors are encouraged by the results that indicate a high likelihood of success to trial an IoT introduction to banking security.


In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analysed based on the general equilibrium approach. The simulations consider a policy shock in 2014 and assess its impact until 2020. The results suggest that the changes in financing the second pillar CAP will produce only marginal effects on the economy. However, the reallocation of funds from the first to the second pillar has considerably larger negative effects on gross value added and employment in agriculture than the case of the second pillar budget reduction. On the other hand, the reallocation of funds will produce small but positive effects on the remaining sectors of the economy and the GDP. Research presented in this paper is the result of a research grant MSM 6046070906 "Economics of Czech agricultural resources and their efficient usage within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems" and a Research Task of UZEI conducted for the Ministry of Agriculture TU 4241/2011".


When discussing avant- garde in the context of Polish cinema, several factors should be taken into account. One is the very understanding of this term. I list two main approaches to this concept. According to the first, which is closer to my own use of the term, avant- garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm in a given discipline of art or, for that matter, in any other area of human life, such a politics. As Richard Kostelanetz claims, the "basic mea sures of avant- garde work are aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability."1 An avant- garde work should "transcend current aesthetic conventions in crucial respects, establishing a discernible distance between itself and the mass of recent practices; it will necessarily take a considerable time to find its maximum audience; and it will probably inspire future, comparably advanced endeavors."2 Of course, what is and what is not genuinely new is a matter of the cultural context, as well as of subjective opinion. A phenomenon recognized as revolutionary in a national context might be dismissed as derivative when situated in global cinema. Avant- garde in the second sense can be understood as a specific, minor style, existing alongside but in opposition to the dominant one(s). In his seminal article on Jean- Luc Godard's Vent d'Est, Peter Wollen enumerates features that at the time of his writing were widely regarded as crucial characteristics of every avant- garde film: narrative intransitivity, estrangement, foregrounding, multiple diegeses, aperture, unplea sure, and most questionably, reality. By narrative intransitivity, Wollen means avoiding a linear narrative through gaps and interruptions, episodic constructions, and undigested digression; by estrangement, using direct address, multiple and divided characters, and commentary; by foregrounding, making the mechanics of the film/text visible and explicit; by multiple diegeses, showing heterogeneous worlds and rupture between different codes and different channels; by aperture, open- endedness, overspill, and intertextuality- allusion, quotation, and parody; by unplea sure, provocation aiming to dissatisfy and hence change the spectator; and by reality, real life, breakdown of repre sen ta tion, and truth.3 Although some of the characteristics as identified by Wollen, such as multiple diegeses and intertextuality, can be found today in a large part of mainstream cinema, his emphasis on the formal qualities of the film and achieving truth by breaking with realism defined the dominant approach to the cinematic avant- garde in the 1960s and 1970s and is still widely regarded as a common denominator of the cinematic avant- gardes. This minor style tends to cross de cades and national boundaries and reappear over and over again in new incarnations. One can even encounter an opinion that an avant- garde filmmaking puts the viewers offby its repetitiveness and predictability: an endless rearranging of the same, limited number of elements. Some authors- for example, Michael O'Pray in his book Avant- Garde Film: Forms, Themes and Passions, conceived as an introduction to the study of cinematic avant- garde- attempt an inclusive take on this phenomenon, recognizing the proximity between avant- garde, new wave, countercinema, experimental cinema, and art house films.4 Because cultural and national factors play an important role in determining the degree to which any given film or group of films fulfill the avantgarde criteria, it is worth discussing the Polish specificity in relation to this phenomenon. One way to perceive it, as suggested by Wollen, is as a minor style, existing along that which has dominated Polish film production. Such style is represented by directors like Roman Polanski, Jerzy Skolimowski, Grzegorz Krolikiewicz, Andrzej Zulawski, and Piotr Uklanski.5 The diffi- culty with this approach is that the styles of these directors prove very diverse. What they have in common is only, broadly speaking, distrust of realism. …


BACKGROUND There have been recent advances in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting using 5-HT(3) inhibitors and dexamethasone. However, many still experience these symptoms, and expert panels encourage additional methods to reduce these symptoms. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture-point stimulation on acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycLIT, MANTIS, Science Citation Index, CCTR (Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry), Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Trials Register, Cochrane Pain, Palliative Care and Supportive Care Specialized Register, Cochrane Cancer Specialized Register, and conference abstracts. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials of acupuncture-point stimulation by any method (needles, electrical stimulation, magnets, or acupressure) and assessing chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting, or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were provided by investigators of the original trials and pooled using a fixed effect model. Relative risks were calculated on dichotomous data. Standardized mean differences were calculated for nausea severity. Weighted mean differences were calculated for number of emetic episodes. MAIN RESULTS Eleven trials (N = 1247) were pooled. Overall, acupuncture-point stimulation of all methods combined reduced the incidence of acute vomiting (RR = 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.99; P = 0.04), but not acute or delayed nausea severity compared to control. By modality, stimulation with needles reduced proportion of acute vomiting (RR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.94; P = 0.01), but not acute nausea severity. Electroacupuncture reduced the proportion of acute vomiting (RR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.97; P = 0.02), but manual acupuncture did not; delayed symptoms for acupuncture were not reported. Acupressure reduced mean acute nausea severity (SMD = -0.19; 95% confidence interval -0.37 to -0.01; P = 0.04) but not acute vomiting or delayed symptoms. Noninvasive electrostimulation showed no benefit for any outcome. All trials used concomitant pharmacologic antiemetics, and all, except electroacupuncture trials, used state-of-the-art antiemetics. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review complements data on post-operative nausea and vomiting suggesting a biologic effect of acupuncture-point stimulation. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated benefit for chemotherapy-induced acute vomiting, but studies combining electroacupuncture with state-of-the-art antiemetics and in patients with refractory symptoms are needed to determine clinical relevance. Self-administered acupressure appears to have a protective effect for acute nausea and can readily be taught to patients though studies did not involve placebo control. Noninvasive electrostimulation appears unlikely to have a clinically relevant impact when patients are given state-of-the-art pharmacologic antiemetic therapy.


Last September the European Commission's unveiled new proposals for energy-market liberalisation, which focused on 'ownership unbundling'. Under such a regime, the business of operating gas pipelines or an electricity network is separated from the business of providing gas or generating power. The initiative immediately drew opposition from the highly vertically integrated energy incumbents. This Commentary by Alan Riley, Professor at City Law School, City University, London, and Associate Research Fellow, CEPS, examines the principal arguments used to resist these proposals and finds they are insubstantial and cast doubt on the ability of the incumbents' lobby to sustain their case against energy liberalisation.


The objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which strategic management process is utilized within the mining industry. Strategic planning is an organizational management activity that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ascertain that employees and other stakeholders are working toward common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the organization's direction in response to a changing environment. A typical strategy management process has the following steps: initial assessment, situation analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The other objective is to determine which analytical tools are commonly used for situational, internal and external assessment as input to the strategic management process. A structured questionnaire was used for the study. A total of 300 mines were randomly selected from a research population of mining organizations in South Africa, Africa and globally. The respondents were all part of senior management. A response rate of 64% was achieved. The results indicated that about 20% of the organizations did not institutionalize their strategic planning functions and did not have a good strategic foundation. The results also showed that 60% were not satisfied with their productivity and 30% indicated that their cash flows were not stable at all. There was a significant number of organizations who do not use strategic analytical tools. A statistically and practically significant positive relationship was found between strategic management dimensions and business performance implying that the use of strategic management process can lead to improved business performance.


Since the invention of the laser, scientists have been striving to extend coherent light into the X-ray region. Very recently, because of a new ability to manipulate electrons on their natural, attosecond, time-scales, the dream of realizing bright, laser-like, X-ray beams on a tabletop with photon energies >1.6keV (wavelengths <8) has become a reality.


Innsbruck physicists led by Rainer Blatt and Tracy Northup show how this information transfer can be optimized by taking advantage of a collective quantum phenomenon. In recent years, researchers have assembled and successfully tested the building blocks for a future quantum computer in the laboratory. More than a dozen candidate technologies are currently being studied; of these, ion traps are arguably the most advanced. In an ion trap, single atoms can be confined and precisely controlled by means of lasers. This idea was developed by theorists Ignacio Cirac and Peter Zoller, and a team of Innsbruck experimental physicists under Rainer Blatt has been at the forefront of its implementation. Based at the University of Innsbruck's Institute for Experimental Physics, the team first demonstrated in 2013 that quantum information stored in a trapped ion can be deterministically mapped onto a photon, that is, a quantum of light. Thus, they were able to construct an interface between quantum processors and optical fiber-based communication channels. Now the physicists have improved this interface, making use of so-called superradiant states. "In order to build a quantum network with trapped ions, we need an efficient interface that will allow us to transfer quantum information from ions to photons," explains Tracy Northup, project leader in Blatt's team. "In our interface, we position two ions between two highly reflective mirrors, which form an optical resonator. We entangle the ions with one another and couple both of them to the resonator." The collective interaction between the particles and the resonator can now be tuned in order to enhance the creation of single photons. "This is known as a superradiant state," explains Bernardo Casabone, the article's first author. In order to demonstrate that the interface is well suited for quantum information processing, the researchers encode a quantum state in the entangled particles and transfer this state onto a single photon. Because of the superradiant interaction, the photon is generated almost twice as quickly as in their previous experiment. "Thanks to superradiance, the process of information transfer from the particle to the photon essentially becomes more robust," Casabone emphasizes. As a consequence, the technical requirements for the construction of accurate interfaces may be relaxed. In the same experiments on light– matter interactions, the Innsbuck physicists were also able to create so-called subradiant states. Here, the emission of a photon is suppressed rather than enhanced. "These states are also interesting because the stored information becomes invisible to the resonator, and in that sense, it's protected," says Northup. As a result, one can imagine that by switching between suband superradiant states, quantum information can be stored in ions and retrieved as photons. In a future quantum computer, such addressable read–write operations may be achieved for a quantum register of trapped ions.


ABSTRACT As the world becomes more interconnected, educators have opportunities to collaborate across cultures. Using the theory of educational cosmopolitanism and the pedagogy of collaborative inquiry, this collective case study explores how Chinese and American teachers perceive the assets and challenges of conducting collaborative inquiry with their students across cultures, and how they collaboratively planned in order to conduct these inquiries. Results demonstrated both assets (i.e. promotion of global citizenship and interpersonal skills) and challenges (i.e. digital access and the need for sustainable external support). Additionally, results on how the teachers collaborated revealed the four dimensions of educational cosmopolitanism (i.e. hospitality, reflexivity, intercultural dialogue, and transactions of perspectives) were in play, although to varying degrees. The research sheds light on how educational cosmopolitanism holds promise as a potential theoretical lens for conducting collaborative inquiry with culturally and geographically diverse teachers and students.


The purpose of this study is to explore students' perceptions of the residence hall living environment at Kuwait University. The researcher developed a questionnaire for this purpose that included 36 items. The sample of the study consisted of 191 residential students, of whom 98 were male and 93 were female. The research findings indicated that : 1. The students were satisfied with most aspects of the residence halls' living environment such as entertainment trips, hall safety rewarding graduate and outstanding students, cleaning maintenance, and regulations. 2. Statistically significant differences were found between male and female residential students' responses. 3. No statistically significant differences were found among the responses according to residents respective of students' nationalities. 4. Statistically significant differences were found among the responses according to number of years of residence in the residence hall. Introduction The most important service offered in most higher education institutions is residential halls because of their importance in providing students with accommodations, specifically students who do not live with their families and international students. Twale and Damron (1991) conducted a study to assess students' satisfaction with residence hall facilities, services, programs, staff, and communications at Auburn University in Alabama. The researchers designed a questionnaire that consisted of 28 items. The questionnaires were distributed to 349 randomly selected students. The results indicated several factors that contributed to students' satisfaction with residence halls such as safety, cleanliness, and residence programs and activities. In addition, giving students the opportunity to make decisions in the hall played an important role in student satisfaction. Another study was conducted to evaluate student satisfaction with residence hall life at Indiana University by Bradley et al. (1986) Questionnaires were distributed to 950 students to evaluate their satisfaction with residence hall programs, staff, order, student government, and food services. The result showed that students were highly satisfied with residence hall programs, activities, staff study conditions, student government, and residence hall publications. Both studies indicated that students were satisfied with most of the residence hall services. Each study helped the administrators to understand the factors that increased student satisfaction with residence hall life. Johnson-Durgans (1994) presented in her study of the perceptions of racial climates in the residence hall that there was statistical significance between African American and European American residents' perceptions concerning the hall environment, hall staff, hall peers, and hall government. The study suggested that the hall staff must be attentive toward verbal and nonverbal communication with African American residents. The study also suggested the importance of involving African American students with hall staff and hall government to increase the positive feelings of the racial climate between the various ethnicities of the hall residents. It is clear from this study that the residence hall staff plays an important role in creating a healthy racial climate among residents of different races. Saidla and Grant (1993) conducted a study to investigate the interpersonal relationships among college roommates. The study indicated that American roommate pairs had higher measures of roommate understanding, trust, and intimacy compared with non-American roommate pairs. But there were no significant differences between these two groups on the measure of roommates' rapport. In addition, the study indicated that the women had higher measures of understanding, trust, and intimacy than men. But there were no significant differences between them on the roommate report measure. Lovejoy, Perkins, and Collins (1995) used a social satisfaction questionnaire to predict the factors that may cause breakups among college roommates. …


The reactions studied were the aquaton of chloropentammine cobalt III chloride and the anation of aquopentanmine cobalt III ions with chloride ions in various e thanol—water rixtures.
First order kinetics were observed for the aquation reaction being first order in cobalt concentration. The rate of nquation decreased with increasing ethanol concentration in the solvent 9 i. a. with thcreasing dielectric constant. The activation energies and frequency £actos decre sed and then increased with increasing ethanol in the solvent. The entropy of activation for rquation in pure water as the solvent was found to be - 5.3 e.u. The antpy of activation decro:-ased and then increased with ethanol concentration 7 becoming positive at about thirty—five per cent by volurje of ethanol in the solvent.
There v;as no linear dependence between the rate of aquation and the decreasing dielectric constant 9 the solvent ionizing parameter Y and the concentration of water in the solvent. This non—linearity was ecplaincd in terms of ion pairing increasing the rate of aquation.
It was found that nitrate and sulphate ions increased the rate of aquation. The ion pair reacted faster than the free ions. It was found that the amount of ion pairing increased'n'ith increasing ethanol concentration. The rate of aquation was retarded by the presence of perchlorate ions. This retardation effect was eKplained in terms of changes in ionic strength.
The aquation rate data was explained in terms of an and an SN2 uechanisrn but there seemed to be more evidence in terms of an 5N2 riechanisu. The anation reaction was found to be second order, first order in cobalt concentration and first order in chloride ion concentration. The anation reaction was found to be dependent on ionic strength. The rate of anation increased with increas:ng ethanol concentratLon in the solvent and therefore decreasing dielectric constant. The activation energies and frequency factors first of all decreased and then increased for increasing ethanol concentration. The entitpy of activation for the anation reaction in water in the solvent was +2.3 e.u. . The entropy of activation first of all decreased and then increased with increasinc ethanol concentration.
At constant ion c strength, the ratio of observed rate constant for anetion to the chloride ion concentration decreased with increasing chloride ion concentration. This was taken as evidence for a dissociation mechanism. Non linear relationships
were obtained for plots of the logarithm of the rate constant fo: anation against the reciprocal of the dielectric constant and the 'einstein solvent ionizinr poier parameter Y. It was found that there was considerable ion association between the aquopentanuina cobalt 111 ions and chloride ions. The anation results were explained in terns of an S Nl 1P nechanisri,
The equilibrium positions vicre affected by temperature, ionic strength and ethanol concentration.
Less and less chloropentsuzrine cobalt III chloride were aquated with increasing temperature, increasing ethanol concentration and decreasing ionic strength.


This paper examines the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure, which affected firms listed on EU exchanges or having significant operations in the EU. The mandated disclosures relate to firms' environmental, social, and governance performance. Using a cross-country sample, we first document an on average negative market reaction to events increasing the likelihood of passage for this regulation, consistent with equity investors anticipating net costs with the directive's passage for most firms. Exploiting cross-sectional variation, we then predict and document a more negative market reaction for firms having: (i) low pre-directive nonfinancial disclosure levels, consistent with investors anticipating these future disclosures to reveal worse-than-expected news; (ii) weaker performance on nonfinancial issues, consistent with expectations for these firms to incur future costs to internalize current externalities; and (iii) lower ownership by institutional asset owners, consistent with such investors demanding further disclosures than mandated by the directive. The average market reaction for firms with superior nonfinancial performance and disclosure in our sample is positive, suggesting that investors expect net benefits from the passage of the directive for these firms.


Many context-aware mobile applications require a reasonably accurate and stable estimate of a user's location. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) works quite well world-wide outside of buildings and urban canyons, locating an indoor user in a real-world environment is much more problematic. Several different approaches and technologies have been explored, some involving specialized sensors and appliances, and others using increasingly ubiquitous WiFi and Bluetooth radios. In this project, we want to leverage existing Wi-Fi access points (AP) and seek efficient approaches to gain usefully high room-level accuracy of the indoor location prediction of a mobile user. The Redpin algorithm, in particular, matches the Wi-Fi signal received with the signals in the training data and uses the position of the closest training data as the user's current location. However, in a congested Wi-Fi environment where many APs exist, the standard Redpin algorithm can become confused because of the unstable radio signals received from too many APs. In this paper, we propose several enhanced indoor-locationing algorithms for the congested Wi-Fi environment. Different statistical learning algorithms are compared and empirical results show that: using more neighbors gives better results than using the 1-best neighbor; weighting APs with the correlation between the AP visibility and the location is better than the equally weighted AP combination, and automatic filtering noisy APs increases the overall detection accuracy. Our experiments in a university building show that our enhanced indoor locationing algorithms significantly outperform the-state-of-the-art Redpin algorithm. In addition, this paper also reports our findings on how the size of the training data, the physical size of the room and the number of APs affect the accuracy of indoor locationing.


Objective: There is no study exploring the correlation between motor coordination dysfunction and high cognitive functioning. We aim to explore the influence of IQ (≥120) on clinical features of DCD.

Method: We collected data from 38 children (average age: 9 years old, 2.7 SD) with DCD based on criteria of DSM-5. Two matched groups of DCD were studied according to the IQ: 19 typical children (IQ = 90-110) and 19 HIQ-HIP children. Within this last group, we distinguished superior IQ (120-129) (HIQ), and very superior IQ (≥130) (HIP). All participants completed assessments of neuropsychological, neurovisual, and neuropsychomotor functions.

 Result: We displayed less Ideomotor (IM), Visio-Spatial/Constructive (VSC)-DCD and more Mixed (MX)-DCD in HIQ-HIP compared to typical children DCD. We showed significant correlations between IM-DCD and executive functions disorders (ρ=+0.519 [95% CI, 0.163 to 0.795], p=0.001), between visuo-constructional task and VSC-DCD subtype (ρ= -0.651 [95% CI, -0.899 to -0.406], p=0.006). A statistical difference between both groups was shown in adiadochokinesia and bimanual coordination disorder in favor of typical children. There is no significant difference between HIP and HIQ. More left-handed in functional laterality was found with IQ≥130, χ2 (1)=4.571, p=0.033, [95% CI, 0.052 to 0.061].

Conclusion: Both groups displayed similar clinical features of DCD. HIQ-HIP groups have better executive functions and visio-spatial functioning than typical children with DCD but worse auditory attention and memory, and more neurological soft signs related to the high rate of MX-DCD. The findings are useful for clinical decision-making processes.


As the number of Internet and social media users increases, political parties and candidates are spending significant amounts of money on online campaigning. It not only helps them to reach out to more voters with comparatively lower costs, but also allows them to communicate more targeted messages to voters when compared with other traditional campaign tools. Despite the growing use of online campaigns, appropriate regulation of online expenditures is almost non-existent around the world. In fact, online expenditure is one of the key weaknesses of political finance systems and regulatory frameworks. Appropriate regulation of online expenditures will not only protect the integrity of the political process, but also thwart negative effects, such as disinformation and polarization and, more generally, prevent inauthentic activities that usually characterize online campaigns. As online expenditure is a relatively new phenomenon, its regulation is not straightforward and there is no conclusive evidence on what works. This report outlines some of the challenges that policymakers, legislators and oversight agencies face when drafting and implementing laws to include online expenditure within the scope of regulated political finance. It also provides recommendations for policymakers, social media platforms, political parties, candidates and campaigners, as well as civil society actors, on the steps that they can take towards closing the regulatory gap.


Journal of Psychopathology 2015;21:323-331 Summary Schizophrenia is a severe and complex mental illness whose aetiology remains unknown. Moreover, changing definitions of the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia over past decades have not contributed to any substantial progress in terms of deeper pathophysiological understanding of the disease. Nevertheless, to date, significant evidence continues to be accumulated from epidemiologic, genetic and preclinical studies that point to a number of genetic factors that play important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially in terms of disrupted synaptic plasticity molecular processes. Specifically, the most recent approach in human research on schizophrenia is represented by "connectomics" or the study of connectomes, which can be defined as comprehensive maps of connections within an organism's nervous system. Indeed, it has been suggested that schizophrenic pathophysiology might rely on circuit-based dysfunctions that may represent the consequence, on a network scale, of the impairment in synaptic plasticity and neuronal connections that are increasingly found in preclinical molecular research, and that may stem from de novo and/or inherited disease-variants in target genes as well as from aberrant epigenetic mechanisms. On the other hand, circuit-based dysfunctions may underlie the defects in integration of higher-order cognitive functions that characteristically connote schizophrenia patients, and may account for aberrant self-experience which are typically described in phenomenological approaches to the disease. In this paper, we will critically explore the recent advances on molecular, genetic and neuro-imaging research in schizophrenia. Based on these data, we will emphasise the potential of the connectomic framework as an intermediate step between the biological and the phenomenological levels to capture the complexity of schizophrenia manifestations.


This book undertakes a critical analysis of some central problems in Hegel scholarship. It is concerned with clarifying the theoretical underpinnings of paradox, the possible relationship of paradox to a dialectic logic, and the possibilities of systematization of dialectic and/or paradox. The author begins with a discussion of current attitudes toward paradox in mathematics, science, and logic, and then moves gradually toward a differentiation of philosophical paradox in the strict sense from literary, religious, and logic paradox. The relationship of dialect to paradox is elucidated by means of a phenomenological analysis of self-consciousness. Finally, possible approaches to the systematization of dialectic are considered. Analyzing and evaluating Hegel's dialectical-paradoxical system in particular, Dr. Kainz also addresses the question of viable alternatives to Hegel's approach. While paradox is generally considered by philosophers and logicians as something to be avoided, Kainz's study investigates the possibility that it is an important and even indispensable element of constructive thinking in philosophy as well as other disciplines. Paradox, Dialect, and System is this a contribution not only to Hegel scholarship but to philosophy itself. It will be of particular interest to this concerned with the differentiation of dialectical and nondialectical philosophical systems and with the prevalence of paradox in literature, religion, and contemporary physics.


The availability of scientific and intellectual works freely through scientists' personal web sites, digital university archives or through the electronic print (eprint) archives of major scientific institutions has radically changed the process of scientific communication within the last decade. The "Open Access" (OA) initiative is having a tremendous impact upon the scientific communication process, which is largely based on publishing in scientific periodicals. This exploratory paper investigates the research impact of OA articles across the subject disciplines. The research impact of OA articles as measured by the number of citations varies from discipline to discipline. OA articles in Biology and Economics had the highest research impact. OA articles in hard, urban, and convergent fields such as Physics, Mathematics, and Chemical Engineering did not necessarily get cited most often.


This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United States, nor the Commission, nor an; person acting on behalf of the Commission: A. Mokes any warranty or representation, expressed or Implied, with respect to the accu racy, completeness, or usefulness of the Information contained In this report, or that the use of any Information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed In this report may not Infringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any Information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" Includes any em ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, disseminates, or provides access to, any Information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor.


High power bottom-emitting In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs 4*4 two-dimensional vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, with high output power in the 980-nm wavelength regime are reported. At room temperature, the 16-element array with 200-micron aperture size of individual elements shows a continuous wave output power of 1.21 W with a lasing wavelength of 981.9 nm. Temperature dependent characteristics of VCSEL arrays with 90-micron aperture size of individual elements are investigated. The lasing wavelength, optical output power and threshold current are measured at various heatsink temperatures. With the increase of heatsink temperature, the maximum output power and slope efficiency are greatly decreased. A red shift of lasing wavelength and a widening of the lasing spectrum are also observed.


The National Institute of Mental Health initiated the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) program to evaluate the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in typical settings and populations so that the study results will be maximally useful in routine clinical situations. The CATIE schizophrenia trial blends features of efficacy studies and large, simple trials to create a pragmatic trial that will provide extensive information about antipsychotic drug effectiveness over at least 18 months. The protocol allows for subjects who receive a study drug that is not effective to receive subsequent treatments within the context of the study. Medication dosages are adjusted within a defined range according to clinical judgment. The primary outcome is all-cause treatment discontinuation because it represents an important clinical endpoint that reflects both clinician and patient judgments about efficacy and tolerability. Secondary outcomes include symptoms, side effects, neurocognitive functioning, and cost-effectiveness. Approximately 50 clinical sites across the United States are seeking to enroll a total of 1,500 persons with schizophrenia. Phase 1 is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial comparing treatment with the second generation antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone to perphenazine, a midpotency first generation antipsychotic. If the initially assigned medication is not effective, subjects may choose one of the following phase 2 trials: (1) randomization to open-label clozapine or a double-blinded second generation drug that was available but not assigned in phase 1; or (2) double-blinded randomization to ziprasidone or another second generation drug that was available but not assigned in phase 1. If the phase 2 study drug is discontinued, subjects may enter phase 3, in which clinicians help subjects select an open-label treatment based on individuals' experiences in phases 1 and 2.


We study how growth of cities determines the growth of nations. Using a spatial equilibrium model and data on 220 US metropolitan areas from 1964 to 2009, we first estimate the contribution of each U.S. city to national GDP growth. We show that the contribution of a city to aggregate growth can differ significantly from what one might naively infer from the growth of the city's GDP. Despite some of the strongest rate of local growth, New York, San Francisco and San Jose were only responsible for a small fraction of U.S. growth in this period. By contrast, almost half of aggregate US growth was driven by growth of cities in the South. We then provide a normative analysis of potential growth. We show that the dispersion of the conditional average nominal wage across US cities doubled, indicating that worker productivity is increasingly different across cities. We calculate that this increased wage dispersion lowered aggregate U.S. GDP by 13.5%. Most of the loss was likely caused by increased constraints to housing supply in high productivity cities like New York, San Francisco and San Jose. Lowering regulatory constraints in these cities to the level of the median city would expand their work force and increase U.S. GDP by 9.5%. We conclude that the aggregate gains in output and welfare from spatial reallocation of labor are likely to be substantial in the U.S., and that a major impediment to a more efficient spatial allocation of labor are housing supply constraints. These constraints limit the number of US workers who have access to the most productive of American cities. In general equilibrium, this lowers income and welfare of all US workers.


Context. The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope, specifically designed for measuring weak gravitational lensing by galaxies and large-scale structure. When completed it will consist of 1350 square degrees imaged in four filters (ugri).
Aims. Here we present the fourth public data release which more than doubles the area of sky covered by data release 3. We also include aperture-matched ZYJHKs photometry from our partner VIKING survey on the VISTA telescope in the photometry catalogue. We illustrate the data quality and describe the catalogue content.
Methods. Two dedicated pipelines are used for the production of the optical data. The ASTRO-WISE information system is used for the production of co-added images in the four survey bands, while a separate reduction of the r-band images using the THELI pipeline is used to provide a source catalogue suitable for the core weak lensing science case. All data have been re-reduced for this data release using the latest versions of the pipelines. The VIKING photometry is obtained as forced photometry on the THELI sources, using a re-reduction of the VIKING data that starts from the VISTA pawprints. Modifications to the pipelines with respect to earlier releases are described in detail. The photometry is calibrated to the Gaia DR2 G band using stellar locus regression.
Results. In this data release a total of 1006 square-degree survey tiles with stacked ugri images are made available, accompanied by weight maps, masks, and single-band source lists. We also provide a multi-band catalogue based on r-band detections, including homogenized photometry and photometric redshifts, for the whole dataset. Mean limiting magnitudes (5σ in a 2″ aperture) and the tile-to-tile rms scatter are 24.23 ± 0.12, 25.12 ± 0.14, 25.02 ± 0.13, 23.68 ± 0.27 in ugri, respectively, and the mean r-band seeing is 0.″70.


Introduction: Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis remains a challenge. There is no single laboratory test to confirm diagnosis. In recent years the usefulness of various markers has been investigated, but always in conjunction with blood count values (white count, neutrophils etc.). Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the complete blood count, a diagnostic tool available in almost all public hospitals, and assess its usefulness in neonatal sepsis. Methodology: A study of diagnostic tests performed at the Ninos of Acosta Nu General Pediatric Hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2009. We analyzed the medical records of newborns clinically diagnosed with sepsis and confirmed by two positive blood cultures. The CBC taken was analyzed as an auxiliary method of diagnosis. Results: 209 newborns were admitted through the hospital's emergency or pediatric multidisciplinary intensive care units. A study group was formed of the 30 patients with positive blood cultures and a control group from 40 patients with no suspected infection. In the sepsis group leucopenia was shown in 13% (4/30) vs. 10% (4/40) in the control group while leukocytosis was seen in 23% (7/30) of the sepsis group vs. 35% (14/40) in the control group. For leukopenia sensitivity was 13%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value (PPV) 50%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 58%. The positive probability ratio was 3 and negative probability ratio 0.96. In the sepsis group, only 13% (4/30) presented neutropenia vs. 12.5% (5/40) in the control group; neutrophilia (>17500) was observed in 41% (13/30) of the sepsis group and 40% (16/40) of the control group, while in regard to the cutoff points, for neutropenia sensitivity was 13%, specificity 87%, PPV 44%, NPV 57%, positive probability ratio 1, and negative probability ratio 1, while for neutrophilia sensitivity was 43%, specificity 80%, PPV 44%, NPV 58% positive probability ratio 2, and negative probability ratio 0.71. Platelets were also analyzed, with thrombocytopenia (<150,000) found in 20% (11/30) in the sepsis group vs. 7.5% (3/40) in the control group. The average platelet counts in the sepsis group was 200,000±139,897 while in the control group it was 340,825±15.0417 (p= 0.0002). For thrombocytopenia sensitivity was 36%, specificity 92%, PPV 78%, NPV 66% positive probability ratio 4.5 and negative probability ratio 0.6. Analysis of true positives and false positives using the ROC


Digitalization and digital technologies are increasingly driving towards revolutionary changes in the innovation system, affecting industries, universities and public institutions. Big data, 3D printing, software and AI technologies are pushing corporations towards adapting or newly creating business models to cope with the digital disruption. The problem is certainly not only technological or economic but also legal. Indeed, the regulatory framework needs to be shaped in such way that it provides with a fertile and healthy soil for these technological innovations to grow. The conference brought together experts from the academia, industry, as well as policy makers in a joint effort to raise awareness and propose solutions to