Design efficient lattice-based cryptosystem secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA2) is a challenge problem. To the date, full CCA2-security of all proposed lattice-based PKE schemes achieved by using a generic transformations such as either strongly unforgeable one-time signature schemes (SU-OT-SS), or a message authentication code (MAC) and weak form of commitment. The drawback of these schemes is that encryption requires "separate encryption". Therefore, the resulting encryption scheme is not sufficiently efficient to be used in practice and it is inappropriate for many applications such as small ubiquitous computing devices with limited resources such as smart cards, active RFID tags, wireless sensor networks and other embedded devices.
In this work, for the first time, we introduce an efficient universal random data padding (URDP) scheme, and show how it can be used to construct a "direct" CCA2-secure encryption scheme from "any" worst-case hardness problems in (ideal) lattice in the standard model, resolving a problem that has remained open till date. This novel approach is a "black-box" construction and leads to the elimination of separate encryption, as it avoids using general transformation from CPA-secure scheme to a CCA2-secure one. IND-CCA2 security of this scheme can be tightly reduced in the standard model to the assumption that the underlying primitive is an one-way trapdoor function.


PREDICTION OF STUDENT COMPLETION OF AN ASSOCIATE DEGREE RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM by Donna Richardson Shehane The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the admission/selection process of the Radiologic Technology Program at East Tennessee State University to ascertain predictive validity of the admission process and to identify specific indicators leading to program completion. The population for this investigation consisted of 510 students who had applied to East Tennessee State University and the Radiologic Technology Program from 1991 through 1993. Data were collected from institutional and program academic records, correlation research was chosen to establish validity. One-way Analysis of Variance and t-test were applied to investigate different admission parameters and discriminate analysis was completed due to prior groupings in the initial academic analysis. An alpha level of .05 was selected for this study. The population (N 8 510) consisted of four groups of students: Program completers (graduates), program non-completers, students interviewed/not admitted, and students not interviewed nor admitted. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined significant differences in all admission parameters between the four groups. Discriminate analysis of program completers and non-completers found that curriculum GPA ranking was significant explaining 47% of the shared variance. The population of students admitted to the program (N = 110) was further statistically analyzed by t-Tests and no significant differences were Identified between program completers and non completers. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The admission parameters utilized by the Radiologic Technology Program at East Tennessee State University were statistically significant in identifying differences among the four groups of students; (2) No significant differences were identified between program completers and non completers; (3) The admission model utilized by the Radiologic Technology Program is equitable. The following recommendations were suggested: (1) Further studies should be conducted incorporating demographic factors; (2) Studies addressing selection parameter iii reliability should be conducted; (3) Reliability of each interview question should be ascertained; (4) Studies involving common admission parameters at different sponsoring institutions should be investigated, and (5) Incorporation of qualitative methodology regarding program completion versuB non completion could be beneficial.


The concept of 'social capital' has met with huge success among governmental agencies, including governments at all levels and transnational entities such as the World Bank. And yet the concept has been subjected to a devastating critique. This paper investigates a number of reasons given in the literature for its popularity. It starts with a brief overview of the social policy context in Australia, where the social capital framework has been influential. It goes on to discuss some of the reasons for the framework's popularity, both admiring, e.g. it broadens our understanding of community well-being beyond the economic, and critical, e.g. it ignores the power of (real) capital. The paper concludes by suggesting that 'social capital' continues to prevail, despite its dubious epistemological status, because it serves a useful ideological function for (real) capital.


Theoretical explanations, systemic response, and policy work on offenders and specific crime types are the backbone of criminal justice curricula in the United States. However, a similar breadth and depth of education on crime victims appear to be lacking in traditional criminal justice curricula, despite voluminous research on victims of crime. In this exploratory study, the authors conducted a content analysis of 679 programs from the Academy of Criminal Justice (ACJS) website directory. Departmental and course-level variables were included in the analysis. Results indicate that while more than half of the programs have faculty with expressed interests in victimization, only 11% of programs studied required coursework on crime victims and/or victimization. Implications of the results are discussed.


Title of Document: PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: FROM MECHANISMS WITH MODEL POLYMERS TO APPLICATIONS FOR STERILIZATION Pingshan Luan, Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Directed By: Professor Gottlieb S. Oehrlein Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics Cold temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) produces many types of chemically reactive species and is capable of modifying materials at atmospheric pressure. Studying plasma-surface interaction (PSI) at such pressure has been challenging due to the small mean-free-path (< 100 nm) which prohibits the conventional method of using independently controlled beams of ions/neutrals to isolate the role of each species. In this dissertation, we developed an alternative approach of studying PSI at atmospheric pressure using well-controlled sourceambient-sample systems and comprehensive surface/gas phase characterization techniques. In this new approach, we emphasize the controlled generation of reactive species from the plasma source, the regulated transportation of reactive species to the target surfaces, as well as the simplified material structure subjected to plasma treatment. To isolate and identify the role of certain reactive species on materials, a plasma source is selected with its operating conditions carefully tuned for the delivery of such species to target surface. Plasma-induced effects on model polymers and biomolecules were characterized and then quantitatively correlated to the gas phase species. Due to the multi-phase nature of PSI, many characterization techniques, including that of plasma/gas phases such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV absorption, and that of material surfaces such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR and Ellipsometry were adopted. Using this approach, we were able to evaluate the effect of both shortand long-lived reactive neutrals on many types of surface moieties. For example, we find that atomic O and OH radicals are able to cause fast material removal but moderate oxidation on the etched surface. We also find that O3 can participate in the chemical modification of aromatic rings, i.e. cleavage and their conversion into ether, ester carbonyls and surface organic nitrate groups, both on surface and in the polymer bulk. We also find evidence for (1) the competition between etching and surface modification processes when a high density of short-lived reactive species is involved, and (2) three polymer transformation stages when large fluxes of long-lived reactive species are interacting with styrene-based polymers. Lastly, we extended our work to explore the potential application of APP reactors for disinfecting raw foods and evaluated bacterial inactivation mechanisms. PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: FROM MECHANISMS WITH MODEL POLYMERS TO APPLICATIONS FOR STERILIZATION


This study describes the relations between the European Union standardized health indicators and the community-based health policy. One of the goals of the European Commission is to provide standardized information on health in order to make it comparable at a trans-national level. Hence, numerous projects aimed at developing health indicators, and improving databases relating to these were supported by the Program of Community Action in the Field of Public Health. In this paper the authors argue that standardized health indicators can provide more than a prototype for a future health monitoring system. Bearing in mind that the production of comparable information on health is based upon four different tasks (the analysis of data needs in a specific area, definition of indicators and quality assurance, reporting and analysis, and promotion of the results) the authors assert that all of these tasks are important steps towards the development of community-based health policy. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze their utility as premises for policy development.


The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on self-leadership in teams; extend selfleadership theory by focusing on the underlying processes in teams and moderating team context variables; and relate self-leadership in teams to a set of differentiated member work role behaviors including proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity. After a review of research on individual and team members' self-leadership, the underlying motivational processes of individual self-leadership in teams are examined. Building on these, moderating team context variables on the self-leadership work role-performance relationship are proposed. A summarizing multilevel framework is presented which relates self-leadership in teams to a differentiated set of team member work role behaviors including proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity. Additionally, motivational processes are proposed which mediate self-leadershipbehavior relationships. Finally, research implications are discussed. The framework extends current theories by (1) examining individual self-leadership in teams, (2) using a comprehensive and differentiated set of team member work role performance, and (3) applying an individual-level model of motivation in teams to explain effects of self-leadership in teams.


The use of rootstocks that are less susceptible or resistant to natural Plum pox virus (PPV) infection and/or the application of mineral oil treatments are two possible strategies to reduce viral incidence in nursery plots. We evaluated the susceptibility of Prunus rootstocks used in the Spanish stone fruit industry and the effect of mineral oil treatment (Sunspray Ultrafine at 1%) on the spread of the virus at two different localities in Valencia, Spain, under different natural PPV inoculum pressures (high inoculum pressure, 2006‐08; low inoculum pressure, 2006‐07). Samples from both plots were analysed by double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) and spot real-time RT-PCR. Under high inoculum pressure, the assayed rootstocks exhibited significant differences in their susceptibility to natural infection. The most susceptible rootstocks at the end of the experiment were Adesoto 101 and Mariana GF8-1. Cadaman and Garnem rootstocks presented the fewest PPV-infected plants; these infections could be detected only by spot real-time RT-PCR. No differences among the assayed rootstocks were found under low PPV inoculum pressure. Aphid species were monitored using Moericke yellow water traps and sticky-plant methods at both localities in May 2006 and 2007. Aphis spiraecola was the most abundant aphid species monitored by both methods at both localities. The average percentage of A. spiraecola carrying PPV PCR-amplifiable targets was 30.37% in the plot with high PPV inoculum pressure and only 7.98% in the plot with low inoculum pressure. We found significant differences in PPV incidence between Mariana GF8-1 plots that were treated with mineral oil and those that were not treated after one year under natural conditions and high PPV inoculum pressure.


Abstract We performed large-eddy simulations of flow over a series of three-dimensional dunes at laboratory scale (Reynolds number based on the average channel depth and streamwise velocity was 18 900) using the Lagrangian dynamic eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model. The bedform three-dimensionality was imposed by shifting a standard two-dimensional dune shape in the streamwise direction according to a sine wave. The statistics of the flow are discussed in 10 cases with in-phase and staggered crestlines, different deformation amplitudes and wavelengths. The results are validated qualitatively against experiments. The three-dimensional separation of flow at the crestline alters the distribution of wall pressure, which in turn may cause secondary flow across the stream, which directs low-momentum fluid, near the bed, toward the lobe (the most downstream point on the crestline) and high-momentum fluid, near the top surface, toward the saddle (the most upstream point on the crestline). The mean flow is characterized by a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, with core radius of the order of the flow depth. However, for wavelengths smaller than the flow depth, the secondary flow exists only near the bed and the mean flow away from the bed resembles the two-dimensional case. Staggering the crestlines alters the secondary motion; the fastest flow occurs between the lobe and the saddle planes, and two pairs of streamwise vortices appear (a strong one, centred about the lobe, and a weaker one, coming from the previous dune, centred around the saddle). The distribution of the wall stress and the focal points of separation and attachment on the bed are discussed. The sensitivity of the average reattachment length, depends on the induced secondary flow, the streamwise and spanwise components of the channel resistance (the skin friction and the form drag), and the contribution of the form drag to the total resistance are also studied. Three-dimensionality of the bed increases the drag in the channel; the form drag contributes more than in the two-dimensional case to the resistance, except for the staggered-crest case. Turbulent-kinetic energy is increased in the separated shear layer by the introduction of three-dimensionality, but its value normalized by the plane-averaged wall stress is lower than in the corresponding two-dimensional dunes. The upward flow on the stoss side and higher deceleration of flow on the lee side over the lobe plane lift and broaden the separated shear layer, respectively, affecting the turbulent kinetic energy.


How America used its technological leadership in the 1950s and the 1960s to foster European collaboration and curb nuclear proliferation, with varying degrees of success.In the 1950s and the 1960s, U.S. administrations were determined to prevent Western European countries from developing independent national nuclear weapons programs. To do so, the United States attempted to use its technological pre-eminence as a tool of ?soft power? to steer Western European technological choices toward the peaceful uses of the atom and of space, encouraging options that fostered collaboration, promoted nonproliferation, and defused challenges to U.S. technological superiority. In Sharing Knowledge, Shaping Europe, John Krige describes these efforts and the varying degrees of success they achieved. Krige explains that the pursuit of scientific and technological leadership, galvanized by America's Cold War competition with the Soviet Union, was also used for techno-political collaboration with major allies. He examines a series of multinational arrangements involving shared technological platforms and aimed at curbing nuclear proliferation, and he describes the roles of the Department of State, the Atomic Energy Commission, and NASA. To their dismay, these agencies discovered that the use of technology as an instrument of soft power was seriously circumscribed, by internal divisions within successive administrations and by external opposition from European countries. It was successful, Krige argues, only when technological leadership was embedded in a web of supportive ?harder? power structures.


Primary headache disorders are the most common complaints worldwide. The socioeconomic and personal impact of headache disorders is enormous, as it is the leading cause of workplace absence. Headache patients' consultations are increasing as the population has increased in size, live longer and many people have multiple conditions, however, access to specialist services across the UK is currently inequitable because the numbers of trained consultant neurologists in the UK are 10 times lower than other European countries. Additionally, more than two third of headache cases presented to primary care were labelled with unspecified headache. Therefore, an alternative pathway to diagnose and manage patients with primary headache could be crucial to reducing the need for specialist assessment and increase capacity within the current service model. Several recent studies have targeted this issue through the development of clinical decision support systems, which can help non-specialist doctors and general practitioners to diagnose patients with primary headache disorders in primary clinics. However, the majority of these studies were following a rule-based system style, in which the rules were summarised and expressed by a computer engineer. This style carries many downsides, and we will discuss them later on in this dissertation. In this study, we are adopting a completely different approach. The use of machine learning is recruited for the classification of primary headache disorders, for which a dataset of 832 records of patients with primary headaches was considered, originating from three medical centres located in Turkey. Three main types of primary headaches were derived from the data set including Tension Type Headache in both episodic and chronic forms, Migraine with and without Aura, followed by Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia that further subdivided into Cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing. Six popular machine-learning based classifiers, including linear and non-linear ensemble learning, in addition to one regression based procedure, have been evaluated for the classification of primary headaches within a supervised learning setting, achieving highest aggregate performance outcomes of AUC 0.923, sensitivity 0.897, and overall classification accuracy of 0.843. This study also introduces the proposed HydroApp system, which is an M-health based personalised application for the follow-up of patients with long-term conditions such as chronic headache and hydrocephalus. We managed to develop this system with the supervision of headache specialists at Ashford hospital, London, and neurology experts at Walton Centre and Alder Hey hospital Liverpool. We have successfully investigated the acceptance of using such an M-health based system via an online questionnaire, where 86% of paediatric patients and 60% of adult patients were interested in using HydroApp system to manage their conditions. Features and functions offered by HydroApp system such as recording headache score, recording of general health and well-being as well as alerting the treating team, have been perceived as very or extremely important aspects from patients' point of view. The study concludes that the advances in intelligent systems and M-health applications represent a promising atmosphere through which to identify alternative solutions, which in turn increases the capacity in the current service model and improves diagnostic capability in the primary headache domain and beyond.


This paper describes an analytical model developed to simulate and optimize an ultrasonic transducer to be used for spinal tissue ablation. Necessary elements for the construction of the transducer are described and then combined in a complete transducer model. Simulation and optimization results for the separate elements, and the transducer as a whole are presented


While it is evident that the recession has affected a diversity of people in different ways of life, there is a unique connection between industries and ethnic groups. "Many of the demographic groups that exhibit larger cyclical variation such as those with lower education, minorities, and males, are more likely to be employed in the industries with greater exposure to cycles (Hoynes et. al, 2012). Construction and manufacturing have experienced the largest declines in employment rate of the post-WWII era, with a 13.7 percent decline in construction employment and a 10.0 percent decline in manufacturing employment (BLS, February 2012). Despite government programs to level the playing field such as affirmative action laws and other aid that is available to those seeking employment, there is a continuous disparity among different ethnic groups. With regard to "The Great Recession," there is a disparity among the unemployment rates of Hispanics and other ethnic groups. This paper intends to explain why there is a disparity. Specifically, it addresses reasons that the unemployment rates of Hispanics are more adversely affected by the Great Recession when compared to the unemployment rates of other minority groups. Also, did concentrations of Hispanics in adversely affected industries contribute to higher unemployment levels during the Great Recession? This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol21/iss1/13


Attempts to understand how Roman Britain ends and Anglo-Saxon England begins have been undermined by the division of studies into pre-Roman, Roman and early medieval periods. This groundbreaking new study traces the history of British tribes and British tribal rivalries from the pre-Roman period, through the Roman period and into the post-Roman period. It shows how tribal conflict was central to the arrival of Roman power in Britain and how tribal identities persisted through the Roman period and were a factor in three great convulsions that struck Britain during the Roman centuries. It explores how tribal conflicts may have played a major role in the end of Roman Britain, creating a 'failed state' scenario asking in some ways to those seen recently in Bosnia and Iraq, and brought about the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons. Finally, it considers how British tribal territories and British tribal conflicts can be understood as the direct predecessors of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and Anglo-Saxon conflicts that form the basis of early English History.


The first extrasolar planet 51 Peg b around the G-type star has been reported in 1995. The planet with few Jupiter masses orbiting its star very closely was detected by measurement of the oscillation in the radial velocity of the host star. In 1999 the first transit, when the planet is eclipsing the host star, of the extrasolar planet HD209458 b was observed with a small ground based photometric telescope. Ever since, new planets in distant systems are continuously being detected with new high precision instruments from the ground and from space. The department of Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres at Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Berlin (DLR) is involved in the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets, through participation in the CoRoT space mission. Furthermore, two ground based photometric telescope systems are operated as a ground based support for the space mission CoRoT, dedicated to asteroseismology and to extrasolar planet search with the help of the transit method. The BEST project consists of two small aperture wide field-of-view photometric telescopes devoted to the search for transiting Jupiter-sized extrasolar planets and to the characterization of variable stars in CoRoT target fields...


Industrial delicensing, which began in 1985 in India marked a discrete break from a past of centrally planned industrial development. Similar liberalization episodes are taking place across the globe. We develop a simple Schumpeterian growth model to understand how firms respond to the entry threat imposed by liberalization. The model emphasizes that firm responses, even within the same industrial sector, are likely to be heterogeneous leading to an increase in within industry inequality. Technologically advanced firms and those located in regions with pro-business institutions are more likely to respond to the threat of entry by investing in new technologies and production processes. Empirical analysis using a panel of three-digit stateindustry data from India for the period 1980–1997 confirms that delicensing led to an increase in within industry inequality in industrial performance. (JEL: F14, 012, 031)


Why do post-pilgrimage slideshows help Transylvanian Hungarian Catholics perform domestic devotional labor? There is growing interest in breaking open pilgrimage research, and scholars have recently begun studying rituals of return—including pilgrims' practice of using photographs to narrate their journeys after returning home. I contribute to this effort by sketching out the general characteristics of Transylvanian Hungarian Catholics' post-pilgrimage slideshows about the Medjugorje shrine. I then give a detailed description of an exemplary case: a married couple's presentation for their children gathered around the family computer. Although we might expect pilgrims to routinize stories and images from a chaotic journey, many slideshows were quite disorganized and impressionistic. This disorganization helped travelers tailor their stories to the diverse spiritual interests of guests in a changing Transylvanian Hungarian Catholic religious landscape. Family members' conversations also dramatized how neoliberalism in Romania has emerged alongside new global pilgrimage sites like Medjugorje. Medjugorje appeals to pilgrims because it is a privileged site for advertising national wares on the global market.


The correlation between the large-scale distribution of galaxies and their spectroscopic properties at z= 1.5 is investigated using the Horizon MareNostrum cosmological run.

We have extracted a large sample of 105 galaxies from this large hydrodynamical simulation featuring standard galaxy formation physics. Spectral synthesis is applied to these single stellar populations to generate spectra and colours for all galaxies. We use the skeleton as a tracer of the cosmic web and study how our galaxy catalogue depends on the distance to the skeleton. We show that galaxies closer to the skeleton tend to be redder but that the effect is mostly due to the proximity of large haloes at the nodes of the skeleton, rather than the filaments themselves.

This effect translates into a bimodality in the colour distribution of our sample. The origin of this bimodality is investigated and seems to follow from the ram pressure stripping of satellite galaxies within the more massive clusters of the simulation.

The virtual catalogues (spectroscopical properties of the MareNostrum galaxies at various redshifts) are available online at http://www.iap.fr/users/pichon/MareNostrum/catalogues.


Between Iconology and the Cassinese Theology. The Divine Light in Correggio's Holy Night.
Antonio Allegri da Correggio's altarpiece depicting the Adoration of the Shepherds (1527–1530), known since the seventeenth century as Holy Night, is an incunabulum showing for the first time in monumental format the artistic illusion of darkness lit up by the body of the Christ Child. Its convincing light effects, however, were not without precursors. This can be proven by two sketches: one made around 1520 for a tapestry by the school of Raphael, attributed to Giovanni Francesco Penni; and the preparatory drawing by Giulio Romano for an unfinished painting (c. 1525) commissioned by Isabella Boschetto, the daughter-in-law of Isabella d'Este from Mantua.
Considering this background, Correggio's altarpiece seems to tackle an artistic problem which was, so to speak, 'in the air'. But a closer look at the Parmesan painter's cultural environment and especially at the writings of the Congregazione Cassinese, a holy order of which the painter was a lay member since 1521, reveals that the invention of the painting has to be connected to the religious thoughts of this order.
We find a very close parallel between the iconographic meaning of the painting and the prayer book Formula orationis et meditationis, written by the founder of the Congregazione Ludovico Barbo in the first half of the fifteenth century. Here, and also in other writings by two famous members of the order, Eusebio Valentino and Isidoro Clario, we find not only light playing the fundamental role in the faith of the monks but also a highly affective character of poetry pointing to the imaginative force of meditation in the cognitive capability of the religious events. The latter might also explain the unusual highly affective artistic expression of Correggio's paintings.


Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore reasons that engineering education researchers experience impostor phenomenon.

Background: Experiencing impostor phenomenon includes a psychological discomfort experienced by some high-achieving individuals who, by the very virtue of being successful, mistakenly believe that they are fraudulent and faking their success. Impostor phenomenon has been studied more broadly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), with little research specifically in engineering and computer science and none, to the author's knowledge, in engineering education research. As an emerging discipline, some of the challenges in engineering education research include its poor connection with engineering teaching and learning, establishing multidisciplinary collaborations, and advancing global capacity. As a result of its poor connection with engineering fields, and being a new discipline, it is possible that engineering education researchers hold an identity that is different from engineering researchers. Some of them could be experiencing their training differently, struggling to find mentors from a similar background, and possibly feeling like impostors.

Methodology: Using purposive sampling and snowball sampling, US-based engineering education researchers participated in a short survey and a semi-structured interview. The survey consisted of demographic questions, items of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, and an open-ended question about an instance when participants experienced impostor phenomenon. Interviews examined, in detail, reasons for experiencing impostor phenomenon as engineering education researchers. The scale provided a measure of the intensity of impostor phenomenon. Interviews were analyzed inductively through constant comparison using a constructivist approach.

Contribution: Findings indicate various axes of othering that made it difficult to develop a sense of belonging, especially for women, and contributed to impostor phenomenon. Othering occurred through identity-based experiences (gender-identity, engineer-identity), different methodologies used to conduct research, and different vocabulary used for academic communication.

Findings: The sample comprised of eleven participants (PhD students, postdoctoral scholars, and faculty), all of whom experienced high to intense impostor phenomenon (range: 61-91/100; mean 75.18). Participants were predominantly white women from twenties to forties. Interviews indicated two reasons for experiencing impostor phenomenon: (1) existing in a separate world from engineering (referring to cultural differences between engineering and engineering education including differences in communication styles, methodologies, and identities); and, (2) facing gendered experiences (for women).

Recommendations for Practitioners: It is recommended that practitioners are mindful of the tensions between worldviews, commonly used methodologies, and demographic differences between engineering research and engineering education research that could shape one's experience in the field and contribute to "othering" during doctoral training and thereafter.

Recommendation for Researchers: Doctoral and post-doctoral training in engineering education research could be more inclusive and open to different research methodologies. Future studies deeply exploring various training challenges experienced by engineering education researchers could illuminate how the field could become more inclusive.

Impact on Society: The current study provides a nuanced understanding of the dichotomy between engineering and engineering education research, including the different styles in academic communication, research methodologies used, and identities. It also provides an understanding of the gendered experiences women have in the field, pointing to an overt or covert lack of recognition. Both these factors could make some feel like outsiders or impostors who question themselves and doubt their competencies and belonging in the field. Attrition from the field could be costly, even to the society, at large, given that the field is relatively new, evolving, and not (yet) as diverse in its worldviews, methodologies, and the demography of those it attracts for doctoral training and beyond. The study provides evidence-based understanding of how training in engineering education researchers could be re-imagined.

Future Research: Future research could examine, in detail, aspects of engineering education research training that may contribute to impostor phenomenon, poor belonging, poor identity, and othering experiences.


As part of a long-term program to develop effective, research-based professional development programs for physics graduate student teaching assistants TAs, we first identify their current classroom practices and why they engage in these practices. In this paper, we identify a set of teaching practices we call "focusing on indicators," which occurs when TAs use signs such as key words or diagrams as evidence that students understand the target idea; these indicators are more superficial than a detailed explanation. Our primary finding is that although the three TAs discussed here share a common behavior, the beliefs and motivations that underlie this behavior vary. We argue that TA professional development focused on changing these TAs' focus-on-indicator behavior is unlikely to be effective. Instead, responsive TA professional development will need to address the TAs' beliefs that guide the observed classroom behavior.


The tool GraphColl (Brezina et al. 2015) allows collocational networks to be identified within corpora, enabling corpus analysis to go beyond two-way collocation. This paper aims to illustrate the types of linguistic relationships that can appear when more than two words are considered, using graph theory to account for the different types of collocational "shapes" that can be formed within GraphColl networks. Using the reference corpus, the BE06, examples of different types of graphs were obtained and analysed in order to form an understanding of the sorts of relationships between words that occur in particular shapes. The analysis indicates that concepts from graph theory can be usefully integrated into corpus analysis of collocation as well as showing the potential for a more sophisticated understanding of the company that words keep.


Atmospheric turbulence induced fading is one of the main impairments affecting free-space optics (FSO) communications. In recent years, Gamma-Gamma fading has become the dominant fading model for FSO links because of its excellent agreement with measurement data for a wide range of turbulence conditions. However, in contrast to RF communications, the analysis techniques for FSO are not well developed and prior work has mostly resorted to simulations and numerical integration for performance evaluation in Gamma-Gamma fading. In this paper, we express the pairwise error probabilities of single-input single- output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FSO systems with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) as generalized infinite power series with respect to the signal- to-noise ratio. For numerical evaluation these power series are truncated to a finite number of terms and an upper bound for the associated approximation error is provided. The resulting finite power series enables fast and accurate numerical evaluation of the bit error rate of IM/DD FSO with on-off keying and pulse position modulation in SISO and MIMO Gamma-Gamma fading channels. Furthermore, we extend the well-known RF concepts of diversity and combining gain to FSO and Gamma-Gamma fading. In particular, we provide simple closed-form expressions for the diversity gain and the combining gain of MIMO FSO with repetition coding across lasers at the transmitter and equal gain combining or maximal ratio combining at the receiver.


A Reappraisal of the Role of Voluntary Associations in the African American ComunityThe proposition advanced here is that the role of voluntary and common interest associations in the African American community has been too narrowly defined. Influenced greatly by the research of contemporary anthropologists who assert that voluntary and common interest associations function as adaptive mechanisms that facilitate adjustment to social change,(1) I argue that these groups and organizations are, an extremely important part of the African American community. This perspective is especially relevant for the period 1890-1930 when the forces of migration, urbanization and industrialization had an unusually great impact on the black population of the United States. This point of view, however, is at odds with the assessment of voluntary and common interest associations that has been made by Gunnar Myrdal, E. Franklin Frazier and others who saw them as an impediment to the progress of the African American community.Gunnar Myrdal's contribution to the negative critique of black associational life can be found in his, An American Dilemma. There, he repeated the reports of other foreign observers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Max Weber who had noted that the citizens of the United States participated in what seemed to them to be, "an unusual proliferation of social clubs, recreational organizations, lodges, fraternities and sororities, civic improvement societies, self-improvement societies, occupational associations, and other organizations which may be grouped under the rubric of `voluntary association.'"(2) Myrdal commented that black Americans, "seemed to have an ever larger relative number of associations," and concluded that since upper and middle class people tended to be more inclined to join associations than lower and working class people, black Americans were, in his words, "exaggerated" Americans.(3) He also asserted, borrowing from Max Weber, that the numerous social clubs were a means of helping most Americans to gain business, political and social success. But for African Americans he stated that:Membership in their own segregated associations does not help Negroes to success in the larger American society. The situation must be seen as a pathological one: Negroes are active in associations because they are not allowed to be active in much of the other organized life of American society.(4)E. Franklin Frazier's analysis of associational life in the African American community paralleled Myrdal's. Frazier wrote:What may appear as distortions of American patterns of behavior and thought are due to the fact that the Negro lives on the margin of American society. The very existence of a separate Negro community with its own institutions within the heart of the American society is indicative of its quasipathological character, especially since the persistence of this separate community has been due to racial discrimination and oppression.(5)Two other influential black intellectuals, Ralph Bunche and James Weldon Johnson, took similar positions. Bunche, in the late 1930s argued that, "Minority groups, such as the American Negro, inevitably tend to become introverted in their social thinking. Attention of the group is so firmly riveted on the struggle to attain release from suppression, that its social perspective becomes warped."(6) Johnson viewed the proliferation of voluntary associations in the form of small churches as inefficient, redundant, and enervating. In Black Manhattan he commented that:Doubtless some of the founders of these excess churches are sincere, though ignorant; but it is certain that many of them are parasitical fakers, even downright scoundrels, who count them selves successful when they have under the guise of religion got enough hard-working women together to ensure them an easy living. This little-church movement has also given rise to many cults and much occultism. …


A modern connected car produces gigabytes to terabytes of data per day. Collecting data generated by an entire fleet of cars, and processing it centrally on a server farm, is thus not feasible. The problem is that the total amount of data generated by cars, i.e. on edge devices, is too large to be efficiently transmitted to a central server. However, CPUs used in edge devices such as connected cars but also regular smart phones that connect to the cloud, have been getting more and more powerful in recent years. Tapping into this computational resource is one way of addressing the problem of processing big data that is generated by large numbers of edge devices.

One such approach consists of distributed data processing. Using the example of training an Artificial Neural Network, we introduce a framework for distributed data processing. A particular focus is on the implementation language Erlang. Arguably the biggest strength of the functional programming language Erlang is how straightforward it is to implement concurrent and distributed programs with it. Numerical computing, on the other hand, is not necessarily seen as one of its strengths.

The recent introduction of Federated Learning, a concept according to which edge devices are leveraged for decentralized machine learning tasks, while a central server only updates and distributes a global model, provides the motivation for exploring how well Erlang is suited to such a use case. We present a framework for Federated Learning in Erlang, written in a purely functional style. Erlang is used for coordinating data processing tasks but also for performing numerical computations. Initial results show that Erlang is well-suited for that kind of task.

We provide an overview of the general framework and also discuss an existing and fully realized in-house prototypical implementation that performs distributed machine learning tasks according to the Federated Learning paradigm. While we focus on Artificial Neural Networks, our Federated Learning framework is of a more general nature and could also be used with other machine learning algorithms.

The novelty of our work is that we present the first publicly available implementation of a Federated Learning framework; our work is also the first implementation of Federated Learning in a functional programming language, with the added benefit of being purely functional. In addition, we demonstrate that Erlang can not only be leveraged for message passing but that it also performs adequately for practical machine learning tasks.

Our presentation is based on our work-in-progress paper "Purely Functional Federated Learning in Erlang", which we presented at IFL 2017. The context of this research is our ongoing involvement in the Vinnova-funded project "On-board/off-board distributed data analysis" (OODIDA), which is a joint-project between the Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, Chalmers University of Technology, Volvo Car Corporation, Volvo Trucks, and Alkit Communications.


During recent decades audits have taken on a more prominent role in governance, in Sweden and in the Western world as a whole. Audit is used in this context as an umbrella designation for control methods such as inspection, auditing, evaluation, accreditation and certification. What these control methods have in common is that they entail external, (presumably) independent authorities or companies inspecting and assessing various phenomena. A number of auditing bodies scrutinise and provide assessments, and in so doing govern organisations at a distance. This dissertation is about audit in the making. It describes what takes place when operations are made the object of auditing and what happens in organisations while being audited. The question that is answered is: how is auditability achieved? In distinction from many other studies on audits, the auditees have a prominent position in answering this question. The auditing that is at the centre of the study is state inspection within schools and elderly care. In the dissertation episodes and events in the realisation of these audits are described. The analysis is based on ethnographically inspired fieldwork. Building on Miller and Rose's perspective on governmentality, the study has as its starting-point the technologies and the varying contexts in which these are manifested: in reports, on websites, in everyday routines and meetings between the auditors and the auditees etc. The study shows that being the subject of audit requires extensive work. Auditability is achieved through a large portion of predictability where each step in the process is acknowledged. This predictability entails much more than providing advance notification of audits. It is a way of organising and executing the audit, where the auditees are not just a part of the object being audited, but also the extended arm of the audit authority. They supply the representations that the audit authority needs in order to describe and assess the operation. In achieving auditability the auditees do more than deliver information about the organisation. Auditability also entails making the audit meaningful and useful (it is for our benefit). This is done mainly by (re)interpreting the auditing as an educational opportunity which also normalises the process (it is nothing to be afraid of). Technically auditability is a question of how the object being audited and the benchmarks used are made comparable. The study shows that auditability is achieved through the construction of an object that is defined on the basis of benchmarks and is consequently comparable. In the audit studied there is no formalised report that can be e-mailed to the audit authority, printed out, submitted or put in an envelope. Rather, describing and defining the operation is an important aspect of auditing. The description is undertaken for a specific purpose, namely to act as underlying data for the assessment. It is therefore not surprising that the object and the benchmark are comparable, as the object is defined precisely for this purpose. What the study contributes to previous research is, firstly, bringing the auditees into the debate on how auditability is created. The study also contributes to a less static picture of how organisations are made receptive to auditing: that receptibility entails much more than installing systems that continuously supply the information about the organisation that the auditors need. The study also contributes to problematise the division into auditors and audited by showing that the boundaries are by no means always clear-cut. Finally the study shows that how auditability is achieved partially explains what is being auditable.


Collaboration is identified as a key feature of pedagogic action research (see Norton, 2009), which is often a core part of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) methodology. Despite this, there appear to be few articles which explore experiences of collaborative partnerships within SoTL. This paper is a personal reflective essay which critically examines the extent to which 'collaboration' occurred in a SoTL project designed to explore staff and student use of technology (Allin, Turnock and Thompson, 2011). I critically reflect on the nature of student involvement throughout the project and question whether true collaboration between staff and students can ever be achieved due to the power relations that exist within the current higher education system (Mann, 2001). Developing effective collaborations between students and lecturers matters for SoTL practice, as such collaborations have the potential to transform teaching and learning in Higher Education, and develop further our understanding of learning (Werder and Otis, 2009).


Almost any data can be referenced in geographic space. Such data permit advanced analyses that utilize the position and relationships of objects in space as well as geographic background information. Even though spatial data mining is still a young research discipline, in the past years research advances have shown that the particular challenges of spatial data can be mastered and that the technology is ready for practical application when spatial aspects are treated as an integrated part of data mining and model building. In this chapter in particular, we give a detailed description of several customer projects that we have carried out and which all involve customized data mining solutions for business relevant tasks. The applications range from customer segmentation to the prediction of traffic frequencies and the analysis of GPS trajectories. They have been selected to demonstrate key challenges, to provide advanced solutions and to arouse further research questions.


In this paper, a tutorial discussion is presented on the receiving and scattering properties of the finite dipole array. The primary issue that we consider here is the relationship between the total scattered and received powers for the free-space and the ground-plane-backed dipole arrays. We discuss how the conservation of power relates to the total scattered and received powers for the general antenna and the finite array. The definitions of aperture efficiency, absorption efficiency, and scattering area are reexamined, and their relationship to the concept of total power available to the receiving array is discussed. It is shown that the superposition of received and scattered powers is not a valid concept for determining the total power available to the equivalent load(s) connected to the receiving array. We show that when receiving the maximum possible power from the incident plane wave, both the free-space and ground-plane-backed arrays must scatter some power.


Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5μM– 5.0 μM and 5.0μM-8.0μM range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and Musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.


In this work, an adaptive vibration filter was designed for Micro Electro - Mechanical System (MEMS) based on low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Designed IMU has ten degree freedom. It consists of three axis accelerometer, three axis gyroscope, three axis magnetometer and one axis barometric pressure sensor. All sensors are connected to Cortex M3 based microcontroller. Kalman Filter was used as sensor fusion algorithm. Although Kalman filter could overcome many noise sources, it could give undesirable output signal when sensors, which are combined with Kalman filter, were affected by simultaneously same noise like as vibration noise. So in order to overcome the vibration affection of IMU, an Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) was designed and implemented for the IMU. In addition, an experimental setup was built to compare the IMU output with and without ANC.


Purpose: Exploring the problems of human capital formation at the present stage of development of the Russian economy, the authors consider it expedient to analyze the theory and practice of the influence of socio-economic factors on the formation of personnel potential. Design/Methodology/Approach: The following methods were used by the authors: historical, statistical-economic, monographic. Findings: The authors revealed that the quality of life and income level is more reflected in the desire of the population to choose as a permanent place of residence rural areas. Practical implications: The analysis of incomes as a fundamental factor influencing the formation of human capital indicates that considerable human capital has been formed in the agricultural sector, which is not fully utilized due to the low material interest of the rural population. Originality/Value: The article discusses a number of factors influencing the formation of human capital in agriculture. The authors indicated that the level of wages depends on the geographical distance of the regions from the federal center and climatic conditions.


In this report, we describe the cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a human Ah receptor, a basic/helix-loop-helix protein that mediates the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. A comparison of this human cDNA with a murine homologue (Ahb1 allele) indicates that the molecular mass variation observed between the receptors found in these two species results from hypervariability of amino acid sequences in the carboxyl termini (< 60% conserved over 450 amino acids). Differential usage of stop codons generates proteins with molecular masses that differ by 6 kDa. In contrast, the amino-terminal halves of these proteins are highly conserved and show 90% amino acid sequence identity. Northern blot analysis indicates that the human Ah receptor mRNA is expressed at its highest levels in placenta and is also highly expressed in lung, heart, pancreas, and liver, with lower levels of expression found in brain, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Expression of the human cDNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system allowed functional analysis of ligand binding, agonist-induced and Ah receptor nuclear translocator-dependent DNA binding, and receptor stabilization by sodium molybdate.


Abstract Small quadrotors, or so-called nanoquads, are widely available, typically have small take-off mass (between 12–50 g), and a flight time of about 5–10 minutes. The aim of this article is the proposal of control and development of the basic infrastructure for controlling a swarm nanoquads from an external computer and obtaining measurements from an onboard sensor. Control of nanoquad attitude and position is proposed and control allocation problem is addressed. Additionally, landing and collision detection is implemented using external disturbance force estimation. Results of the proposed control methods are verified in 4 scenarios: hover flight, manual control, step response, and collision and landing detection.


The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in preeclampsia/eclampsia have not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures on the functional and structural properties of the BBB during N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant rats. Animals were treated with L-NAME for 10 days, beginning on day 10 of pregnancy. The BBB permeability was determined by measurements of sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) extravasation into the brain. Occludin and aquaporin (AQP)-4 immunoreactivities were evaluated in brain sections. Severe proteinuria and significantly increased arterial blood pressure were observed following L-NAME treatment. PTZ-induced seizures in pregnant rats treated with L-NAME increased NaFlu levels in all of the brain regions analyzed (P < 0.01). A significant increase in the extravasation of NaFlu was also observed in the diencephalon of intact pregnant rats treated with PTZ. PTZ-induced seizures in both L-NAME-treated and untreated pregnant rats significantly decreased occludin immunoreactivity in the hippocampal capillaries. L-NAME administration significantly increased AQP-4 immunoreactivity in the astrocytic endfeet surrounding the parietal cortex microvessels of PTZ-treated and untreated pregnant rats. These findings suggest that PTZ-induced seizures lead to a severe disruption of the BBB in preeclampsia and that the paracellular pathway may play an important role in increased BBB permeability in this context.


Buffalo flies, Haematobia (irritans) exigua (BF), are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of cattle that cause significant economic and welfare impacts in northern Australian cattle. With climate change and the development of resistance to commonly used chemicals, BF are rapidly spreading southwards. Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont of insects that induces a range of effects on its host, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (male sterility), reduced fitness, and inhibition of pathogen transmission. We are examining the potential for use of Wolbachia in area-wide control of BF. Following a survey of Australian BF populations that showed Wolbachia was not present, we have tested embryonic microinjection, pupal injection and injection of adults as a first step towards the development of a Wolbachia infected BF line. Here we report distribution and growth of Wolbachia in somatic and germline tissue of BF injected with the three Wolbachia strains; wAlbB, wMel and wMelPop. Our results to date suggest that pupal or adult injection may be a more suitable method for transinfecting BF than embryonic microinjection. We also demonstrate Wolbachia induced fitness effects in injected BF including shortened lifespan, decreased pupal emergence, and reduced egg production. Future work will focus on establishing a stably infected BF strain, towards the design of Wolbachia-based control programs for BF.


The first monograph on the work of Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby, two of the most innovative industrial designers from Britain. The firm headed by Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby has won numerous awards since its founding in 1996. Distinguished by clean, modern lines, BarberOsgerby engages in furniture and product design, as well as consumer electronics, architecture, and interiors, making their mark with technical craftsmanship, formal vigor, and inspired use of color. BarberOsgerby's work includes iconic designs like the best-selling Tab Lamp (2008), and is part of permanent museum collections worldwide. Their portfolio ranges widely from accessible work to custom one-off pieces, including pews for a cathedral, hangers for Levi's, and the brilliantly hued Iris Tables. Their work has been produced by manufacturers and clients such as Cappellini, Swarovski, Stella McCartney, and Coca-Cola. Featuring sketches, concept renderings, and compelling photographs, the book is organized thematically with an emphasis on materials and process, tracing the inspirations and working method of this unique design duo.


The dual‐probe heat‐pulse (DPHP) method is useful for measuring water content (θ) and change in water content (Δθ) near the soil surface. The method has been evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, but not in a field setting. Our objective was to test the DPHP method under field conditions and for a range of soil properties. Twenty‐five DPHP sensors and five monitoring stations were constructed and installed at five locations in northeastern Kansas to measure θ and Δθ at 3‐h intervals for 3 mo. In addition, θ was estimated by coupling Δθ measurements with independent measurements of θ obtained by soil sampling at sensor installation. Additional soil samples were collected from each location during the monitoring period to provide independent measurements of θ. Regression of DPHP and independent θ measurements revealed slight bias but substantial offset error (about 0.1 m3 m−3) in the DPHP method. The offset error could not be fully attributed to bias in any single input parameter, but could have been caused by a combination of biased parameters. Estimates of θ from Δθ measurements also revealed slight bias, but offset error was considerably smaller. Use of a published empirical calibration for DPHP sensors almost completely eliminated this bias and further reduced the offset error to approximately 0.01 m3 m−3 Thus, the Δθ approach combined with use of the empirical calibration appears to have practical utility.


Germanium is a widely used material in the infrared range. Single crystal germanium is used as semiconductor and optical material due to its salient features like high refractive index and proper working in cryogenic conditions. Thus, germanium is an important substrate for infrared lens having many applications in thermal imaging cameras, optical telescopes and miniaturization of infrared optical elements. These applications require optical elements of excellent surface quality and high dimensional accuracy. In addition to fulfil the demands, ultraprecision machine is used to fabricate the optical components. In this work, single crystal germanium (111) mirror is fabricated by using single point diamond tool with, negative rake angle. A large number of experiments are performed to achieve the surface finish of nanometric range. The best and worst combinations of process parameters are found on the basis of surface roughness with the help of coherence correlation interferometry(CCI) measurement and image processing using Canny, Prewitt, Roberts and Sobel edge filters and histogram. These results can be used for fabrication of diffractive optical elements and aspheric lenses of germanium.


The single largest-known mass wasting deposit has been identified at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico, in 31 industry-drilled wells and on seismic data, corresponding to the "MCU" (middle Cretaceous unconformity) horizon. The deposit has an average thickness of 10–20 m on the upper slope and 90–200 m on the lower slope and basin floor, and is on an unconformity that represents 9 m.y. to 85 m.y. The deposit contains the distinctive association of lithic fragments, impact-derived material, and reworked microfossils (i.e., the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary "cocktail") associated with the Chicxulub impact, and is predominantly composed of graded pelagic carbonates. These new findings substantiate widespread slope failure induced by the Chicxulub impact and provide further evidence of a single impact coincident with the K-Pg mass extinction.


We consider a storage model where the input and demand are modulated by an underlying Markov chain. Such models arise in data communication systems. The input is a Markov-compound Poisson process and the demand is a Markov linear process. The demand is satisfied if physically possible. We study the properties of the demand and its inverse, which may be viewed as transformed time clocks. We show that the unsatisfied demand is related to the infimum of the net input and that, under suitable conditions, it is an additive functional of the input process. The study of the storage level is based on a detailed analysis of the busy period, using techniques based on infinitesimal generators. The transform of the busy period is the unique solution of a certain matrix-functional equation. Steady state results are also obtained; these are not obvious generalizations of the results for simple storage models. In particular, a generalization of the Pollaczek-Khinchin formula brings new insight.


The aim of the study is to assess the capacity of the flysch aquifer feeding springs in the Outer Eastern Carpathians using spring recession curves. The four selected springs are located in an area generally believed to be poor in groundwater. However, the selected springs were characterized by remarkably high average discharge of 3.2–9.6 L s−1. Recession coefficients were estimated which enabled an aquifer capacity and groundwater residence time assessment. Despite similarities in elevation, precipitation, and lithology in the study area, a substantial variation in the recession coefficients and aquifer parameters was found. The average aquifer capacity of groundwater subsystems strongly varied in the small study area (4.9–49 m3 × 103). The mean groundwater residence time varied from 11 days to 50 days depending on the volume of groundwater drained by the springs. Differences in discharge, recession coefficients, groundwater capacity, and residence time were related to recharge areas of different size. Simple relationships between the topographic catchment areas of springs and their hydrologic parameters can become altered by local structural features: faults and fissures. The study demonstrates that tectonically produced structures may facilitate a larger supply of groundwater and the occurrence of high-discharge springs in a given area.


Digital SLRs can be both exciting and intimidating. Focus on the fun with this portable guide! Clear explanations show you how to use every setting on your Sony DSLR-A200 and make the most of the 10.2 megapixel CCD image sensor, Super SteadyShot image stabilization, dynamic range optimization, and other top-of-the-line features. Refresh your knowledge of photography basics like composition, shutter speed, aperture, and lighting; explore creative suggestions and advice for photographing kids, concerts, wildlife, even online auction items; and learn the best ways to download, view, and print your photos.


Robotic animals are nowadays developed for various types of research, such as bioinspired robotics, biomimetics, and animal behavioral studies. The design of these robots poses great challenges as they often have to achieve very high-level performances in terms of locomotion, size, and visual aspect. We developed a robotic system for direct underwater interactions with small fish species. This robotic platform is composed of two subsystems: a miniature wheeled mobile robot that can achieve complex locomotion patterns and a robotic fish lure that is able to beat its soft caudal peduncle to generate fish-like body movements. The two subsystems are coupled with magnets that allow the robotic lure to reach very high speeds and accelerations, thanks to the mobile robot. We used zebrafish (Danio rerio) to model small fish locomotion patterns and construct a controller for the motion of our robotic system. We have demonstrated that the designed system is able to achieve the same types of motion patterns as the zebrafish while mimicking the body movements of the fish. These results define new standards for robotic fish lures and bring to the field of fish–robot interaction a new tool for ethological studies.


Extracted from text ... health awareness
The metered-dose inhaler is currently the cheapest and most
readily available device used to treat asthma. Despite this,
the morbidity and mortality associated with asthma are still
unacceptably high.1 It has been suggested that patients
lack understanding of the disease and do not understand
the principles behind their treatment. Both are likely to be
important contributing factors to the high morbidity and mortality
that still characterise the disease. This study aimed to
assess what patients understand about the different inhalers
they use. We also set out to determine where or how they
acquired their knowledge about the inhalers ..


Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Author. Chapter 1. Modeling Market Microstructure Randomness in Markets. The Random Walk Model. What You Cannot Predict Is Random To You. Market Microstructure. Efficient Market Hypothesis. Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Chapter 2. The Distribution of Price Changes. The Normal Distribution. The Empirical Distribution. The Lognormal as an Approximation. Chapter 3. Investment Objectives. Statistician's Fair Game. A Fair Game Is A Loser! Criteria for a Favorable Game. Gambler's Ruin. Optimal Return Models. Markets Are Rational, Psychologists Are Not. The St. Petersburg Paradox. Compounded Return is the Real Objective. Defining Risk. Minimum Risk Models. Correlation of Assets. Summary of Correlation Relationships. Beta and Alpha. The Efficient Frontier and the Market Portfolio. The Sharpe Ratio. Limitations of Modern Portfolio Theory. Chapter 4. Modeling Risk Management and Stop Loss Myths. Stop Loss Orders. Stops: Effect on the Mean Return. Stops: Effect on the Probability of Gain. Stops: Probability of being stopped out. Stops: Effect on Variance and Standard Deviation. Effect on Skew. Effect on the Kurtosis. Stop Loss: Summary. Modeling Stops. Identifying When to Use Stops and When Not To. Stop Profits. Puts and Calls. Chapter 5. Maximal Compounded Return Model. Optimal Compound Return Models. Relative Returns. Average Stock Returns, but Compound Portfolio Returns. Logarithms and the Optimal Exponential Growth Model. Position Sizing as the Only Guaranteed Risk Control. Controlling Risk through Optimal Position Sizing. Maximize Compounded Portfolio Return. Maximal Compounded Return Models. What the Model Is and Is Not. Modeling the Empirical Distribution. Correlations. The Enhanced Maximum Investment Formulas. Expected Drawdowns May be Large. Chapter 6. Utility Models - Preferences Toward Risk and Return. Basis for a Utility Model. History of Logarithms. Optimal Compounded Utility Model. The Sharpe Ratio. Optimal Model for the Sharpe Ratio. Optimization with Excel Solver. Chapter 7. Money Management Formulas Using the Joint Multi-Asset Distribution. The Continuous Theoretical Distributions. Maximal Log Log Model in the presence of Correlation. Optimal Sharpe Model with Correlation. The Empirical Distribution. Maximal Log Log Model in the Presence of Correlation. Maximizing the Sharpe Ratio in the Presence of Correlation. Chapter 8. Proper Backtesting for Portfolio Models. Assuring Good Data. Synchronize Data. Use Net Changes NOT Levels. Only Use Information from the Past. Predictive Studies vs. Non-Predictive Studies. Use Intraday Highs and Lows for Model Accuracy. Adjusted Data May Be Erroneous. Adjusting Your Own Data. Miscellaneous Data Pitfalls. Tabulate and Save the Detailed Results with Dates. Overlapping Dates are Important for Correlations. Calculate Mean, Standard Deviation, Variance and Probability of Win. Robust Methods to Find Statistics. Confidence Limits for Robust Statistics. Chapter 9. The Combined Optimal Portfolio Model. Choosing the Theoretical Distribution. The Empirical Distribution. Selecting Sharpe Versus a Log Log Objective Function. Model Simulation. Professional Money Manager versus Private Investor. About the CD-Rom. Contents of the CD-Rom. Installation of the CD-Rom. Using the Programs. Updates to the CD-Rom. Appendix A. Table of Values of the Normal Distribution. Appendix B. Installing R. Appendix C. Introduction to R. Introduction to R Manual. Appendix D. R Language Definition. R Language Definition Manual. Index.


The volume of video data collected will only increase as the prevalence of automated systems continues to grow and those systems start to rely more on vision sensors to make decisions. Visual tracking is the process of automatically estimating the location of an object through the course of a video. The ability to track objects in video is useful in applications such as autonomous driving, surveillance, and robotics. The ability to track objects allows for more effective decision making processes for tasks such as predictive driving, anomaly detection, and face recognition. With the amount of data to parse and the benefits of doing so accurately, the need for fast and reliable visual tracking is clear. Correlation filters, previously used in detection and recognition tasks within single images, have become a popular approach to visual tracking because of their ability to efficiently match and align two images. Correlation filters have been adapted for visual tracking by developing incremental learning techniques, allowing efficient updating of correlation filters. Tracker elements such as more powerful feature representations and improved scale tolerance have led to state-of-the-art tracking performance. Still, despite the recent improvements in correlation filter trackers, there remain unexplored aspects of the union of correlation filters and visual tracking. This work explores alternative correlation filter designs that have not previously been adapted to visual tracking. We also introduce an occlusion detection system to address situations where the targets are temporarily not visible; one of the most challenging aspects of tracking. We validate our approaches on widely used benchmarks while also introducing a new evaluation metric that reflects the amount of activity that occurs within a given video.


Following Hsieh and Klenow (2009), this paper studies productivity dispersions in Colombian industrial establishments using the Colombian Annual Manufacturing Survey (AMS) from 1982 to 1998. The United States is used as a benchmark to estimate the reallocation of capital and labor to equalize marginal products across plants in Colombia. Gains are found in manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of approximately 3-8 percent and TPF is positively correlated with exporting status, age, size, and location in the central region of the country. There is also suggestive evidence that opening the economy in 1991 is associated with an increase in plant productivity levels for firms that export goods. The 1990 reform that reduced dismissal costs is associated with an increase in productivity, while the reform that increased labor costs in 1993 is associated with a decrease in plants' productivity. Further work is needed to establish a causal relation between productivity and policy changes.


Khat leaves are cultivated in the highlands of the Horn of Africa, Southern Arabia and along the East African coast. In many countries, chewing khat is an age-old tradition. More recently, the mass migration of people from the Horn of Africa has been associated with the spread of khat usage to neighbouring countries, Europe and the rest of the world. Exact numbers of regular khat users on a worldwide scale do not exist, however estimates range up to 20 million. This paper presents the challenges associated with the spread of khat consumption.


Drawing from three case vignettes and the extant literature, the authors seek to identify, problematize, and expand the discussion on colorblind approaches to diversity within the practice of school counseling. The authors discuss how such an approach to working with students from traditionally under-represented groups subtly blames the victim, limits the development of equity by positioning critical dialogues as counter-productive, and inhibits the understanding of within-group differences. The article concludes with suggestions for how school counselors can enhance the services they provide to students of various social locations by abandoning colorblind practices and choosing to remove their difference blindfolds.


Various solubilization techniques have been developed to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. One of the solubilization techniques is preparation of microemulsion. Microemulsion is a potential carrier in drug delivery system because it has many advantageous characteristics. In this research, hydrophobic drug was made in a dosage form of oil in water (O/W) microemulsion using ketoprofen as a model and investigated the influence of adding starch hydrolisates with dextrose equivalent (DE) 35-40 in variety concentrations (0,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%; 2,5%) to the stability of this microemulsion system. This microemulsion consisted of isopropyl miritate as oil phase, tween 80 and lechitin as surfactants, ethanol as cosurfactant, propylene glycol as cosolvent, starch hydrolisates DE 35An40 as stabilizer, and water as external phase. The evaluation was stability test both phisically and chemically. The result showed that the stability of microemulsion system increased significantly by adding starch hydrolisates DE 35-40 at 2,5%.


We present ground-based photometry of the low-temperature contact binary BB Peg. We collected all the times of mid-eclipse available in the literature and combined them with those obtained in this study. Analyses of the data indicate a period increase of × 10-8 days yr-1. This period increase of BB Peg can be interpreted in terms of the mass transfer 2.4 × 10-8 M⊙ yr-1 from the less massive to the more massive component. The physical parameters have been determined as Mc = 1.42 M⊙, Mh = 0.53 M⊙, Rc = 1.29 R⊙, Rh = 0.83 R⊙, Lc = 1.86 L⊙, and Lh = 0.94 L⊙ through simultaneous solutions of light and of the radial velocity curves. The orbital parameters of the third body, which orbits the contact system in an eccentric orbit, were obtained from the period variation analysis. The system is compared to the similar binaries in the Hertzsprung-Russell and mass-radius diagrams.


HOLLY, JOHN OLIVER, JR. (3 Dec. 1903-20 Dec. 1974)founded the FUTURE OUTLOOK LEAGUE in 1935 tohelp secure equal employment for AFRICAN AMERICANS in Cleveland; on 23 Oct. 1988, the General Mail Facility at 2400 Orange Ave. at Cleveland's main post office, was named for him. Holly was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Educated at private and publicschools, he quit school at 15 to work in the coal mines, after he and his family moved to Rhoda, Virginia. The family moved again, to Roanoke,Virginia; Holly resumed his studies and graduated from Roanoke Harrison High School. He worked with his father's Detroit, Michigan trucking business and at other jobs there, for a time attending the Cass Technical Commercial School in Detroit. Holly moved to Cleveland in 1926 after his marriage to Leola Lee. The couple had two sons, Arthur and Marvin. Holly worked as a porter at HALLE BROTHERS and later for the Federal Sanitation Company, a chemical manufacturing company. As director of the Future Outlook League, he soon devoted most of his energies to controversial business boycotts and battleswith unions. In Sept. 1941 Holly served a 10-day jail sentence for illegal picketing, but only a few weeks later was appointed by Mayor FRANK LAUSCHE to the city's Fair Rent Committee. Holly, an active Democrat, unsuccessfully challenged Herman Finkle for the 12th ward council seat (1937) and attempted to secure a nomination to Congress (1954). Holly founded the state-wide Federation of County Democrats of Ohio, Inc., and served as a trustee of Mt. Sinai Baptist Church and on the executive board of the Cleveland Chapter of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. He held offices in Champion City Lodge No. 177. Holly died at Richmond General Hospital, leaving his wife Marguerite; he was buried in Highland Park Cemetery. Tall, Booker T. Biography of John O. Holly, Jr. (n.d.)


Within museum studies, there has been a tendency to assume a distinction between the personal expression of the private individual's collecting tendencies and the more scientific rationalism of museum accession. The transfer of the collection from private to public property has been seen as an expunging process; as an ideological jump from amateur understanding to professional knowledge; and as the point of the termination of donor impact on collection shape and trajectory. This paper seeks to redress this imbalance, arguing for a closer recognition of the influence of 'amateur' collectors and donors on the institutional process of public collection formation. It identifies the continued reliance of museum 'professionals' on 'amateur' donors for advice about object display, documentation and categorisation after accession. Using relational research on the material collections and archives at Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and the British Museum, the paper explores the impact of collectors Richard Carnac Temple (1850-1931) and Edward Horace Man (1846-1929) on the professional practice of the museums they came into contact with. Posted in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) as part of their colonial service, these men were enthusiastic amateur anthropologists and serial donors of Andamanese and Nicobarese material culture to museums in the UK (other recipients include the Pitt Rivers Museum, Manchester Museum, Salford Museum and Art Gallery, National Museums Liverpool and National Museums Scotland). Through their communications and gifts, these men are identified as brokers for the exchange and supply of their own and others' objects, and as influential figures within the distribution of these objects across a nationwide network of museums. They will be shown as two indicative examples of a potentially broader trend in which donor instruction, advice and preference continued to influence the ideological trajectories of public collections which had previously been private, and as individuals who occupy an important space in the blurred historical boundary between amateur passions and professional practice.


The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a combination of two interdependent NP-hard components: travelling salesman problem (TSP) and knapsack problem (KP). Existing approaches for TTP typically solve the TSP and KP components in an interleaved fashion, where the solution to one component is held fixed while the other component is changed. This indicates poor coordination between solving the two components and may lead to poor quality TTP solutions. For solving the TSP component, the 2-OPT segment reversing heuristic is often used for modifying the tour. We propose an extended and modified form of the reversing heuristic in order to concurrently consider both the TSP and KP components. Items deemed as less profitable and picked in cities earlier in the reversed segment are replaced by items that tend to be equally or more profitable and not picked in the later cities. Comparative evaluations on a broad range of benchmark TTP instances indicate that the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art TTP solvers.


Knowing that entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative and proactive characteristics and an eye for identifying new opportunities, the need to understand how they develop these competenciesarises. Reviewing the literature, one can see evidence of inter-relationship competencies in the development processes of entrepreneurial competenciesand entrepreneurial learning that support them. Therefore, it is essential to understand how these processes occur. Therefore, this study aims to make a contribution to improve entrepreneurship literature, presenting a conceptual research model that integrates models of entrepreneurial competenciesand models of entrepreneurial learning processes. This paper, which is theoretical, results from an extensive literature research and presents the results achieved so far, since empirical research for its validity is still being conducted.


The Herschel Reference Survey is a Herschel guaranteed time key project and will be a benchmark study of dust in the nearby universe. The survey will complement a number of other Herschel key projects including large cosmological surveys that trace dust in the distant universe. We will use Herschel to produce images of a statistically-complete sample of 323 galaxies at 250, 350, and 500 μm. The sample is volume-limited, containing sources with distances between 15 and 25 Mpc and flux limits in the K band to minimize the selection effects associated with dust and with young high-mass stars and to introduce a selection in stellar mass. The sample spans the whole range of morphological types (ellipticals to late-type spirals) and environments (from the field to the center of the Virgo Cluster) and as such will be useful for other purposes than our own. We plan to use the survey to investigate (i) the dust content of galaxies as a function of Hubble type, stellar mass, and environment; (ii) the connection between the dust content and composition and the other phases of the interstellar medium; and (iii) the origin and evolution of dust in galaxies. In this article, we describe the goals of the survey, the details of the sample and some of the auxiliary observing programs that we have started to collect complementary data. We also use the available multifrequency data to carry out an analysis of the statistical properties of the sample.


Uniting the conceptual foundations of the physical sciences and biology, this groundbreaking multidisciplinary book explores the origin of life as a planetary process. Combining geology, geochemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, evolution and statistical physics to create an inclusive picture of the living state, the authors develop the argument that the emergence of life was a necessary cascade of non-equilibrium phase transitions that opened new channels for chemical energy flow on Earth. This full colour and logically structured book introduces the main areas of significance and provides a well-ordered and accessible introduction to multiple literatures outside the confines of disciplinary specializations, as well as including an extensive bibliography to provide context and further reading. For researchers, professionals entering the field or specialists looking for a coherent overview, this text brings together diverse perspectives to form a unified picture of the origin of life and the ongoing organization of the biosphere.


Previous work on the perception of glossy materials has mostly focused on two dimensions: gloss strength and microscale roughness. However, more advanced reflectance models often include additional parameters for controlling the distribution of reflected light. It remains unknown whether these additional dimensions have a perceptually significant influence on appearance. In particular, among the six types of gloss suggested by Hunter in his seminal book (Hunter, 1975), "haze" remains among the less studied of potentially pertinent material cues. From a physical point of view, hazy reflections are associated with heavy-tailed, or leptokurtic, reflectance functions, as often occurs in semi-polished metals or coated materials.

We have investigated gloss haze by rendering movies of irregularly shaped objects made of metallic materials exhibiting more or less
leptokurtic reflectance functions. We modeled hazy metals using a two-layered glossy material model with two centered Gaussian-like lobes (Ward, 1992) of different spread. Varying both the (1) relative spread and (2) relative magnitude of the two lobes yielded a 5x5 array of different materials. Subjects rated the following qualities for each material: glossiness, blurriness, haziness, coatedness, polish, and friction.
Principal component analysis of the results reveals that haziness is a distinct visual dimension orthogonal to the commonly studied glossiness and blurriness. Coatedness appears to be nearly synonymous with haziness, as this is one of the main physical causes of haze in real world materials. Polish seems to be a combination of glossiness and haziness, as materials go from dull to hazy to highly glossy during the physical polishing process. The inferred tactile quality of friction is apparently uncorrelated with haziness.

Our results demonstrate that haze is indeed a distinct perceptual dimension of gloss, which is systematically related to the kurtosis of the specular lobe.


The FTC's successful challenge of the Staples-Office Depot merger is one of the most important antitrust cases in recent years. Vital to the FTC's success was evidence that prices for office supplies were significantly higher in markets having only one firm operating office supply superstores than in markets having two or three such firms. The FTC used this evidence to argue that the merger would raise the price of office supplies. This paper applies an idea of Harold Demsetz (1989) - indivisibility rent - to argue that one-firm markets probably have higher marginal costs. If so, the FTC's inference about the effect of the merger is doubtful.


Abstract In this paper, we develop a state-dependent sensitivity value-at-risk (SDSVaR) approach that enables us to quantify the direction, size, and duration of risk spillovers among financial institutions as a function of the state of financial markets (tranquil, normal, and volatile). For four sets of major financial institutions (commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and insurance companies), we show that while small during normal times, equivalent shocks lead to considerable spillover effects in volatile market periods. Commercial banks and, especially, hedge funds appear to play a major role in the transmission of shocks to other financial institutions.


AUSTRALIA'S strong economy makes it a significant user and creator of intellectual property ("IP") rights. It is also a significant jurisdiction in multinational IP disputes, which are becoming increasingly common in today's global economy. This article provides an overview and analysis of IP litigation in Australia. I. Overview of Australian Legal System It is useful, as a preliminary matter, to briefly outline how Australia's legal system operates, (1) with particular reference to IP disputes. Federal System Australia is a federation comprising six states and two self governing territories. The Australian Constitution specifies a range of matters that are the responsibility of the Federal Government. The balance of legal matters remains the responsibility of the various State and Territory Governments. Relevantly, the Federal Government has the power to make and has made laws with respect to IP and in particular copyright, patents of inventions, designs, and trade marks. (2) Australia's laws and legal system have their foundation in the common law of England and its practices and procedures broadly reflect those of the Anglo-American common law world. While judgments of the House of Lords and the English Court of Appeal are of persuasive authority, they are not binding on Australian courts. More recently, in developing Australia's laws, its courts have looked to the jurisprudence of other countries, particularly the United States and Canada. This is particularly so in the case of IP laws. Australia has both a Federal Court system and a hierarchy of courts in each of the States and Territories. Each of Australia's Federal IP statutes vests primary jurisdiction for IP litigation in the Federal Court of Australia ("Federal Court"). Concurrent jurisdiction is also vested in the various State Supreme Courts, but generally, IP litigation is commenced and prosecuted in the Federal Court and consequently it is this system that is the focus of this paper. Federal Court The Federal Court operates from all capital cities in Australia, but the vast majority of IP litigation is conducted in Sydney and Melbourne, the capitals of Australia's most populous states, New South Wales and Victoria respectively. The Federal Court is a superior court of record and a court of law and equity; however, it is not a court of general jurisdiction. Rather its jurisdiction is conferred by Federal statutes such as the IP statutes discussed here. Once seized of jurisdiction, the Federal Court is able to deal with all aspects of a dispute, even those arising under common law, equity or State statute, by reason of its accrued jurisdiction. In this way, the Federal Court is able to deal with general law actions such as breach of confidence and passing off. The Federal Court also has jurisdiction to hear appeals from examiner's decisions of the Trade Marks and Patents Offices. These involve a de novo hearing of the matter, rather than an appeal in the usual sense and the parties may lead fresh evidence. Federal Magistrate's Court Some shorter and simpler IP claims can be litigated in the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, a lower level federal court with a more limited jurisdiction that aims to provide a simpler and more accessible alternative to litigation in the superior courts. It is a relatively recent creation that conducted its first sittings in 2000. Its jurisdiction is also conferred by Federal statute and includes copyright and consumer protection. The Federal Court can also exercise its discretion to transfer other IP matters to the Federal Magistrates Court. Copyright Tribunal of Australia The Copyright Tribunal was established under the Copyright Act to deal with inquiries and disputes arising out of royalties payable in respect of the recording of musical works, certain compulsory licences, and existing and proposed licensing schemes, amongst other things. …


Abstract. Collision-induced water drop breakup in a vertical wind tunnel was observed using a high speed camera for interactions between larger drop sizes (up to 7 mm diameter) than have previously been experimentally observed. Three distinct collisional breakup types were observed and the drop size distributions from each were analysed for comparison with predictions of fragment distributions from larger drops by two sets of established breakup parameterisations. The observations showed some similarities with both parameterisations but also some marked differences for the breakup types that could be compared, particularly for fragments 1 mm and smaller. Modifications to the parameterisations are suggested and examined. Presented is also currently the largest dataset of bag breakup distributions observed. Differences between this and other experimental research studies and modelling parameterisations, and the associated implications for interpreting results are discussed. Additionally, the stochastic coalescence and breakup equation was solved computationally using a breakup parameterisation, and the evolving drop-size distribution for a range of initial conditions was examined. Initial cloud liquid water content was found to have the greatest influence on the resulting distribution, whereas initial drop number was found to have relatively little influence. This may have implications when considering the effect of aerosol on cloud evolution, raindrop formation and resulting drop size distributions. Calculations presented show that, using an ideal initial cloud drop-size distribution, ~1–3% of the total fragments are contributed from collisional breakup between drops of 4 and 6 mm.


This article presents the findings of an intervention study designed to examine the effects of metacognitive strategy instruction (MCSI) on learners' performance and on strategy use. Two classes in the secondary English oral classroom in Hong Kong participated in the study; one class received eight sessions of MCSI and the other served as a comparison group. In weeks 1, 10 and 20, data were collected from the learners' performance in group-work discussions, from the self-report questionnaires, from the observations of learners' strategy use, and from the stimulated recall interviews. The findings indicated that the treatment class generally outperformed the comparison class in the group discussion task. In addition, there was corroborating evidence from the multi-method approach to support the view that the learners tended to deploy `problem identification' as a global planning strategy to cope with an upcoming prioritization group discussion task. The findings are discussed with respect to awareness-raising value of the MCSI, the interaction effect between strategy instruction and research method, explicit and implicit learning, and a match of task type and strategy choice. Finally, the distinct advantages of using a multi-method approach to gauging the effects of MCSI are appraised.


This is the second of two companion papers that summarize the theoretical and experimental work carried out concerning modeling of dynamic properties of boring bars. This paper introduces the finite element method for the modeling of clamped boring bars. The "3-D" FE models of the system boring bar – clamping house as well as the "1-D" FE models of the clamped boring bar were derived. In particular, the modeling of the boring bar clamping is addressed. Dynamic properties predicted based on the developed FE models of the clamped boring bar were compared with the ones estimated by means of experimental modal analysis conducted on the actual boring bar clamped in the lathe. The "3-D" FE models display substantially higher correlation with the experimental modal analysis results compared to the "1-D" FE models. A "3-D" FE model of the boring bar – clamping house manages to model the distance in frequency and the orientation of the two fundamental modes to a large extent. The importance of the modeling of the boring bar boundary conditions for the accuracy of dynamic models of boring bars is demonstrated. The sensitivity of the natural frequency estimates produced by means of the FE and the continuous system (presented in Part 1) boring bar models with respect to variations in material density and Young's elastic modulus has been addressed.