The morphology and taxonomy of the Early Permian temnospondyl amphibian genus Trimerorhachis are revised. Using previously undescribed material from Texas, numerous details of the cranial osteology of T. insignis Cope, 1878 are redescribed. Emphasis is placed on the structure of the palate, the sutures of the skull roof, and on the variation of some phylogenetically important character-states. The taxonomic revision, which makes particular use of morphometric characters, supports the four species previously considered to be valid, and adds a fifth species. T. sandovalensis Berman & reisz, 1980 from the Cutler Formation of New Mexico is probably the most primitive species and does not share any unambiguous derived character-states with the other species. T. insignis – the type species – is the only one known from the Nocona and Petrolia formations of Texas. In the later formations up to the Middle Clear Fork Group, there are two lineages diverging from the T. insignis morphology in opposite directions. One, here designated T. greggi sp. nov. , has larger orbits and a shorter snout and occurs in the Lower, and probably also the Middle, Clear Fork. The other is T. mesops Cope, 1896, which has smaller orbits and a longer snout and occurs in the Lower and Middle Clear Fork and possibly the earlier Waggoner Ranch Formation of Texas. T. rogersi olson, 1955 is a possible late population of T. mesops type that occurs in the late Middle Clear Fork. The simplest model is that there was one short-snouted Trimerorhachis lineage from the base of the Permian to the top of the Petrolia Formation (contemporaneous with the long-snouted Neldasaurus in Archer City Formation beds), followed by two diverging lineages showing some character displacement from the Waggoner Ranch Formation upwards, but possibly incipiently present in the Nocona/Petrolia populations.


Long term retention of data has become a norm for reasons like compliance and data preservation for future needs. With storage media continuing to become cheaper, this trend has further strengthened and is testified with introduction of archival solutions like Amazon Glacier and Spectra Logic Black Pearl. On the other hand, analytics and big data have become key enablers for business and research. However, analytics and archiving happens on separate storage silos. This generates additional costs and inefficiencies when part of archived data needs to be analyzed using batch analytics platforms like Hadoop because a) We need additional storage for data transferred from archive to analytics tier and b) Transfer time costs are incurred due to data migration to analytics tier. Moreover, accessing archived data has high times to first byte, as much of the data is stored in offline media like tapes or spun down disks. We introduce Nakshatra, a data processing framework to run analytics directly on an archive based on offline media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of its kind available in literature. We leverage batched pre-fetching and scheduling techniques for improved retrieval of data and scalable analytics on archives. Our preliminary evaluation shows Nakshatra to be upto 81% faster than the traditional ingest-then-compute workflow for archived data.


A 640 Gbit/s NRZ OTDM signal has been successfully generated for the first time by format conversion of a 640 Gbit/s OTDM signal from RZ to NRZ. First, a coherent 640 Gbit/s OTDM RZ signal is generated by wavelength conversion of the original incoherent OTDM signal utilizing Kerr switching in a highly nonlinear fiber. Second, RZ-to-NRZ format conversion is achieved in a specially designed silicon microring resonator with FSR of 1280 GHz, Q value of 638, high extinction ratio and low coupling loss to optical fiber. A 640 Gbit/s NRZ OTDM signal with very clear eye-diagram and narrower bandwidth than both the original incoherent 640 Gbit/s and the wavelength converted coherent 640 Gbit/s RZ OTDM signals has been obtained. Bit error ratio measurements show error free (<10(-9)) performance at a received power of -30 dBm for all the OTDM channels of the 640 Gbit/s NRZ signal, with very low power penalty (<0.5 dB) and improved dispersion tolerance compared to the wavelength converted RZ case.


The Arctic and Antarctic polar regions are subject to multiple environmental threats, arising from both local and ex-situ human activities. We review the major threats to polar ecosystems including the principal stressor, climate change, which interacts with and exacerbates other threats such as pollution, fisheries overexploitation, and the establishment and spread of invasive species. Given the lack of progress in reducing global atmospheric greenhouse-gas emissions, we suggest that managing the threats that interact synergistically with climate change, and that are potentially more tractable, is all the more important in the short to medium term for polar conservation. We show how evidence-based lessons learned from scientific research can be shared between the poles on topics such as contaminant mitigation, biosecurity protocols to reduce species invasions, and the regulation of fisheries and marine environments. Applying these trans-polar lessons in tandem with expansion of international cooperation could substantially improve environmental management in both the Arctic and Antarctic.


Full-colour illustrations and foldouts of Rothenberg's bestknown early works as well as exciting new paintings afford readers the chance to observe the evolution of Rothenberg's themes. From her earliest horse paintings through her spinning figures of the 1980s and early 1990s to her most recent series of paintings of dismembered puppets, this book highlights key compositional strategies in Rothenberg's work. Michael Auping contributes an essay addressing Rothenberg's painting process and the eclectic influences that have helped shape her figurative and spatial distortions. Barbara Buhler Lynes addresses Rothenberg's work in the context of Santa Fe and the tradition of twentieth-century women artists it has inspired, from Mable Dodge Luhan to Georgia O'Keeffe to Agnes Martin.


Knowledge Management Strategy can be classified by codification strategy and personalization strategy (Hansen et. al., 1999), and how to manage the two strategies were always studied. Also, current studies regarding the knowledge management strategy were targeted mostly for major companies, resulting in lack of studies in how it can be applied on SMEs. This research, with the knowledge management strategy suited for SMEs, sets an Enterprise Microblog (EMB), and with the EMB applied on SMEs' Knowledge Management Strategy, it is reviewed on the perspective of SMEs' Codification and Personalization Strategies. Through the advanced research regarding Knowledge Management Strategy and EMB, the hypothesis is set that "Depending on the development of the company, the main application of EMB alters from Codification Strategy to Personalization Strategy." To check the hypothesis, SME that have used the EMB called 'Yammer' was analyzed from the data of their foundation until today. The case study has implemented longitudinal analysis which divides the period when the EMBs were used into three stages and analyzes the contents. As the result of the study, this suggests a substantial implication regarding the application of Knowledge Management Strategy and its Knowledge Management System that is suitable for SME.


As the technologies of rotating power supplies and thyristor switches advance, new methods of measuring various signals must be developed. The University of Texas at Austin Center for Electromechanics (UT-CEM) has developed new methods to measure compulsator position and speed and has made advancements in health monitoring of the thyristor switches. Technological advancements in machine design have enabled dramatic increases in machine speeds, which in turn increase electromagnetic interference. It is essential to a successful operation to have a method (reliable within this harsh environment) of measuring speed and sensing rotor position to generate gate signals for thyristor switch modules. As the modules switch larger amounts of current and voltage, it is correspondingly important to monitor the switching process, so that any damage to the system caused by a fault condition can be minimized. This paper describes sensors developed at UT-CEM to monitor speed, sense rotor position, and detect fault conditions.


Background: Studies in high-income countries have reported that school-aged children who survive neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) develop long-term neurocognitive problems. However, less is known about the patterns of functioning in school-aged survivors of NNJ and HIE in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined patterns of functioning in school-aged children who survived NNJ and HIE in Kilifi, Kenya. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 107 survivors of NNJ/HIE (64 with NNJ, 43 with HIE), aged 6-12 years, admitted to Kilifi County Hospital on the Kenyan Coast. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Adapted Communication Profile, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) and an epilepsy screening tool were used to assess gross motor function, communication function, intellectual functioning, and epilepsy, respectively. Results: Most of the survivors of NNJ (95.2%) and HIE (95.3%) had no impairments in gross motor functioning. A small percentage of the children in the NNJ and HIE groups had profound problems in their communication (4.7% and 4.7%); expressive communication function (4.7% and 4.7%); social functions (3.1% and 2.3%); receptive communication (4.7% and 2.3%); and communicative effectiveness (4.7% and 2.3%). Cognitive impairment was reported in 10.9% and 11.9% for NNJ and HIE survivors, respectively. Active epilepsy was Open Peer Review


Bulletin issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines containing a compilation of thermodynamic data regarding sulfides. There are tables for standard heat capacities (includes equations), standard entropies, high-temperature relative enthalpies (includes equations), Gibbs energy functions, enthalpies of formation (includes equations), Gibbs energies of formation (includes equations) and logarithms of the equilibrium constants. Documentation in the introduction explains how the tables are organized and use of the data.


In reply : Obermair, Janda and Gebski question our broad conclusion, based on a study of 19 000 healthcare complaints against Australian doctors over a decade, that it is feasible to predict which doctors are at high risk of recurrent complaints. Specifically, they assert that our approach is an 'oversimplification' that does not include doctors with no complaints and does not take account of patient volume or other aspects of the doctor–patient relationship.

Our study adopted a regulator's perspective: we sought to understand what health complaints commissioners, medical boards and liability insurers might do with the detailed information they gather on cases, above and beyond their usual business of processing complaints and claims. We explored what potential these data had to guide quality-improvement efforts. Given this perspective, doctors who were complained against at least once are the appropriate focus; these doctors are visible to regulators, there is a natural point of contact through the complaints process, and that process may include opportunities to prevent future events, …


The purpose of this paper is to present the research methodology of the accounting paradigm "Pancasila". Pancasila is the basic view of life appropriate to the citizens of Indonesia's independence. In the paradigm of Pancasila, there are contained elements of philosophical research or basic beliefs that underlie accounting thought and research. These elements are based on the nature of Pancasila human beings, i.e. the first point of Pancasila, Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (The Almighty God) contains elements of life, as a study of ontology; the second point, Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab ( Just and Civilized Humanity), contains elements of the senses, the mind, and rasa as the study of epistemology; the third point, Persatuan Indonesia (the Unity of Indonesia), contains elements of Karsa (will) in concepts of Wawasan Nusantara as the study methodology, i.e. the Methodology of Wawasan Nusantara (MWN); the fourth point, Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh Hikmah Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan / Perwakilan (Democracy Guided by the Inner Wisdom in Deliberations and Representations), contains elements of deeds and inner wisdom as a method of research; and fifth points, Keadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia (Social Justice for all the People of Indonesia), contains elements of purpose as the study of axiology, namely the research results in the form of the concept and practice of accounting based on Pancasila.


Policy discussions on the increasing weight of Americans, portrayed as a problem of monumental and grim outlook, preoccupy public health experts, scientists, economists, and the popular media. In the legal field, however, discussions have tended to focus on whether weight should be a protected category under antidiscrimination law and on cost-benefit models for creating incentives to lose weight. This Article takes a novel approach to thinking about weight in the legal context. First, it maps the diverse ways in which the law is recruited to "the war against obesity," thus providing an unprecedented account of what it means to be a fat legal subject under current U.S. law. Second, maintaining that the antidiscrimination framework provides a necessary albeit insufficient context for fully capturing the meaning of being fat, it formulates the question of legal regulation of body size as a question of liberty, which is unpacked in terms of autonomy and human dignity. Drawing on the critique of mind-body dualism, and on the philosophical tradition of phenomenology, this Article offers a new framework for understanding the experience of being a fat subject of the law; one that goes beyond the medical conceptualization of body size and addresses the nuanced ways in which body size and shape and ways of eating and moving the body have intimate meanings for legal subjects. Addressing practical dilemmas such as the legitimacy of charging fat passengers for two airplane tickets or whether weight-based employment discrimination should be prohibited, it concludes that if American constitutional law is to remain coherent in its protection of liberty, autonomy, and dignity, it must recognize a right to be of any body size, including the right to be fat.


Oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) are interferon-induced enzymes that participate in the first line of defense against a wide range of viral infection in animals. Upon activation by viral double-stranded RNA, OAS synthesizes (2-5) oligoadenylates, which activate RNase L, leading to the nonspecific degradation of cellular and viral RNA. Some association studies in humans suggest that variation at one of the OAS genes, OAS1, could be influencing host susceptibility to viral infection. We assessed the diversity of OAS1 in hominoid primates with a focus on chimpanzees. We found that the OAS1 gene is extremely polymorphic in Central African chimpanzee and exhibits levels of silent and replacement diversity much higher than neutral regions of the chimpanzee genome. This level of variation strongly suggests that balancing selection is acting on OAS1, and indeed, this conclusion was validated by several tests of neutrality. We further demonstrated that balancing selection has been acting at this locus since the split between chimpanzees, humans, and gorillas (~8.6 Ma) and caused the persistence of two deeply divergent allelic lineages in Central African chimpanzees. These two groups of OAS1 alleles differ by a large number of amino acids (a.a.), including several a.a. putatively involved in RNA binding. It is therefore very likely that variation at the OAS1 locus affects the innate immune response of individuals to specific viral infection. Our data strongly suggest that interactions between viral RNA and OAS1 are responsible for the maintenance of ancestral polymorphisms at this locus for at least 13.2 My.


ABSTRACT The member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have been frequently criticized for adhering to a long-standing norm of strict non-interference in each other's domestic affairs, thereby hampering collective efforts to address regional problems. This article presents an analytical model of international institutions that shows how underlying norms and principles – the meta-regime – govern the rules and procedures of specific international regimes. It then applies this model to ASEAN's trade and anti-haze regimes, demonstrating how ASEAN's underlying meta-regime has frustrated attempts to liberalize trade and reduce air pollution. While ASEAN's purview has extended well beyond its original security mandate and it has developed new rules and procedures to handle the new issues, its underlying norms and principles consistently limit its ability to handle regional problems. In the conclusion, we discuss how the ASEAN states might be able to foment cooperation in these issue areas without completely abandoning its foundational norms and principles.


For Deaf people, access to the mobile telephone network in the United States is currently limited to text messaging, forcing communication in English as opposed to American Sign Language (ASL), the preferred language. Because ASL is a visual language, mobile video phones have the potential to give Deaf people access to real-time mobile communication in their preferred language. However, even today's best video compression techniques can not yield intelligible ASL at limited cell phone network bandwidths. Motivated by this constraint, we conducted one focus group and one user study with members of the Deaf Community to determine the intelligibility effects of video compression techniques that exploit the visual nature of sign language. Inspired by eyetracking results that show high resolution foveal vision is maintained around the face, we studied region-of-interest encodings (where the face is encoded at higher quality) as well as reduced frame rates (where fewer, better quality, frames are displayed every second). At all bit rates studied here, participants preferred moderate quality increases in the face region, sacrificing quality in other regions. They also preferred slightly lower frame rates because they yield better quality frames for a fixed bit rate. These results show promise for realtime access to the current cell phone network through signlanguage-specific encoding techniques.