SANCTIFICATION  AS  VIRTUE  AND  MISSION:  THE  POLITICS  OF  HOLINESS Nathan  Willowby,  B.A.,  M.Div. Marquette  University,  2016 This  dissertation  considers  the  political  implications  of  the  doctrine  of  holiness.  I proceed  by  demonstrating  the  neglect  of  holiness  in  political  theology,  the  viability  of the  holiness  movement  as  an  embodied  witness  of  the  political  implications  of  the doctrine  of  holiness,  and  a  biblical  trajectory  in  Leviticus  that  extends  into  the  New Testament.  I  describe  this  scriptural  holiness  as  vocation  for  all  of  God's  people  through personal  formation  and  outward  societal  action  to  extend  God's  holiness. With  attention  to  the  approaches  of  political  theology  and  formation,  I  demonstrate  that the  holiness  movement  of  the  nineteenth  century  offers  an  example  of  holiness  in practice  that  addresses  societal  problems  (e.g.,  urban  housing  crisis,  intemperance,  and slavery).  I  then  propose  three  theological  issues  that  undermined  the  political  vision  of the  holiness  movement  in  the  twentieth  century.  First,  the  scope  of  sin  narrowed resulting  in  a  less  hopeful  expectation  of  sanctification's  power.  Second,  most  of  the holiness  movement  adopted  premillennial  eschatology,  which  altered  the  way  it  viewed social  structures.  Third,  the  holiness  movement  was  marginalized  by  its  theological rejection  of  the  Third  Great  Awakening,  which  served  to  influence  religious  and  civil approaches  to  social  problems  in  the  twentieth  century  (e.g.,  the  New  Deal  and  Social Gospel). Three  case  studies  (race,  global  missions,  and  temperance)  demonstrate  the  influence these  respective  theological  shifts  had  on  social  action.  I  argue  that  a  theological interpretation  of  Leviticus  17-‐‐26  guides  the  holiness  movement  to  embody  the  vocation of  holiness  as  an  alternative  vision  to  the  formation  of  modern  politics  regarding  social orderings.  I  extend  Israel  Knohl's  insight  that  Leviticus  17-‐‐26  responds  to  prophetic critiques  of  cultic  practices  and  reconceives  holiness  to  address  social  challenges.  I  argue that  Jesus  picks  up  this  stream  when  he  recites,  "love  your  neighbor  as  yourself,"  and that  Christian  embodiment  of  this  scriptural  holiness  sustains  the  political  vocation  of holiness  in  changing  contexts  (including  the  modern  bifurcation  of  life  into  private  and public  spheres).  I  conclude  that  vocational  holiness  enables  a  Christian  understanding  of political  community.


Disruptive innovation, according to business literature, occurs when an innovative product is brought to a market, such as meets the basic requirements of the lower-end of an established value network and also offers added value outside of that value network. That product wins over consumers and progressively takes over the established market, displacing the existing value network in so doing. By now, disruptive innovation is a frequent entry strategy, and it is usually beneficial for welfare.Despite an ever growing literature on innovation and competition policy, the latter is not well placed to deal with disruptive innovation. Methodologically, disruptive innovation can hardly be captured with the tools of market definition and market power analysis, which do not account for the competition for the definition of the relevant market that is characteristic of disruptive innovation. In addition, competition authorities experience difficulties in acting quickly enough to deal effectively with attempt to prevent disruptive innovation.However, incumbent firms on the established market can hinder disruptive innovation. The theory of harm is that an incumbent firm with market power seeks to prevent a potential disruptor from another market from executing its strategy, using either (i) anti-competitive practices designed to prevent the creation of an overlap between its innovative product and the established market or (ii) an acquisition with a view to mothball the disruptor and its invention. Against the former, competition authorities should seek to keep markets open and act quickly to prevent practices such as defensive leveraging (as in the Microsoft Explorer case) or the use of IP protection to lock away features of the value network. Against the latter, additional merger thresholds (based on a discrepancy between transaction value and turnover) and an expanded concept of the maverick firm could be effective.This paper was commissioned by the OECD to be presented at the 14th OECD Global Forum on Competition


Several organization indices have been used to predict the outcome of stepwise catheter ablation (step-CA) in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LS-pAF), however with limited success. Our study aims at developing innovative indices from baseline (BL) ECG (i.e before ablation) in order to predict the procedure outcome and the site of AF termination (AF-term) by step-CA. We report an adaptive method for tracking AF-term based on indices characterizing the relationship between harmonic components of atrial activity from the ECG. Our preliminary results suggest that adaptive measures of AF organization computed at BL perform better than classical indices for identifying patients whose AF will terminate during ablation within the left atrium only. These findings are indicative of a higher baseline organization in these patients.


This Essay is a brief response to the stimulating essays on cost-benefit analysis of financial regulation by Professors Coates and Cox in this volume. Both Coates and Cox largely agree that we want policy decisions about financial regulation to be made using what Coates refers to as "conceptual cost-benefit analysis (CBA)." However, both express some skepticism about quantified CBA in financial regulation. Coates observes that he has yet to find a single example of a "reliable, precise quantified CBA of a significant financial regulation," despite significant efforts to identify one. This stands in stark contrast to many other regulatory domains in which highly sophisticated, quantitative CBA plays a central role, including environmental, health, safety, and antitrust regulation. Why is financial regulation such an outlier with relatively little CBA? Coates's explanation is that CBA of financial regulation is "an order of magnitude more difficult than its advocates seem to believe." But CBA plays little role in financial regulation not because CBA of financial regulation is especially challenging but rather because we have not created institutional structures that produce incentives for financial regulators to develop and employ CBA. Centralized regulatory review within the executive branch — the OIRA model that has been so successful in other regulatory domains — should be applied to spur the institutionalization of CBA of financial regulation.


High-quality cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruit are required to fulfil the growing markets for fresh fruit. Storage losses of fresh cranberries are primarily the result of decay and physiological breakdown. Maximizing quality and storage life of fresh cranberries starts in the field with good cultural practices. Proper fertility, pest management, pruning, and sanitation all contribute to the quality and longevity of the fruit. Mechanical damage in the form of bruising must be minimized during harvesting and postharvest handling, including storage, grading, and packaging. In addition, waterharvested fruit should be removed promptly from the bog water. Following harvest, fruit should be cooled quickly to an optimum storage temperature of between 2 and 5 °C (35.6 and 41.0 °F). The development of improved handling, refined storage conditions, and new postharvest treatments hold promise to extend the storage life of fresh cranberries.


Since the Supreme Court's 2015 decision in Johnson v. United States, a federal sentencing decision holding that the residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act was void for vagueness, the vagueness doctrine has quietly and quickly exploded in the legal landscape governing the immigration consequences of crime. On September 29, 2016, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Lynch v. Dimaya, an immigration case in which the Court will resolve a circuit split addressing whether part of the federal definition of a "crime of violence" — a classification that triggers nearly automatic deportation and immigration detention — is unconstitutionally vague. This Article argues in favor of applying the void for vagueness doctrine to various statutory provisions that lie at the crossroads of immigration and criminal law, including the provision before the Court in Dimaya. The vision of vagueness articulated in this Article complements the Supreme Court's recent jurisprudence with respect to the categorical approach, the methodology for assessing the immigration consequences of crime, and is consistent with the Court's decision in Johnson as well as the values animating the vagueness doctrine. Those twin values — providing reasonable notice, and preventing arbitrary or discriminatory law enforcement practices — apply with exceptional force in immigration, an area of law in which the liberty stakes of the crime-based removal grounds are high, notice is critical, and the risk of arbitrariness and discrimination by government actors at multiple levels is acute.


Monitoring Migration Migrant "stock" data—the number of people living in a country other than the one in which they were born—are frequently used to understand contemporary trends in international migration, but the data are severely limited. Abel and Sander (p. 1520) present a set of global bilateral migration flows estimated from sequential stock data in 5-year intervals. The percentage of the world population moving over 5-year periods has not shown dramatic changes between 1995 and 2010. People from individual African countries tended to move within the continent, whereas people from Europe tended to move to very diverse locations. Estimates are provided for the international flow of people over 5-year periods between 1990 and 2010. Widely available data on the number of people living outside of their country of birth do not adequately capture contemporary intensities and patterns of global migration flows. We present data on bilateral flows between 196 countries from 1990 through 2010 that provide a comprehensive view of international migration flows. Our data suggest a stable intensity of global 5-year migration flows at ~0.6% of world population since 1995. In addition, the results aid the interpretation of trends and patterns of migration flows to and from individual countries by placing them in a regional or global context. We estimate the largest movements to occur between South and West Asia, from Latin to North America, and within Africa.


Modern Occult Rhetoric: Mass Media and the Drama of Secrecy in the Twentieth Century (Rhetoric, Culture, and Social Critique Series) Joshua Gunn, Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005. How many taboos can a scholar violate before being permanently assigned to publishing limbo? Judging from this book, quite a few! Joshua Gunn, assistant professor of communication studies at the University of Texas-Austin, treats the seldom analyzed (because disreputable) territory of the occult, typically understood to include phenomena such as fortune telling, astrology, black magic, Satanism, and channeling dead spirits. He wishes to show how "individuals use language ... secrets, creating groups of insiders and outsiders" (xv). Gunn reveals that his investigation was launched by a "smugly" framed insult tossed at him in a graduate seminar; another student publicly chastised him for his ignorance of "Lacan on desire" (235). Perhaps reflecting the emotional sting of that classroom humiliation, he risks offense to many respectable colleagues in a first chapter that begins with a babbling satire of the French postmodern stars, Deleuze and Guattari. Such a ruse momentarily suggests his sympathy with Alan Sokal, who hoaxed the journal Social Texts a decade ago with famously "fashionable nonsense." But after this deliberate linking of occultism's obscurity with that of postmodern critical discourse, he goes on to offer a qualified apologia for both. While he does not defend the truth claims of either, he argues instead for the legitimacy of their shared purpose-to disclose previously unknown truths conveyed through language that is by necessity exploratory. As he works out parallels between the popular and the scholarly occult, Gunn develops a subtle, original analysis that helps us understand "the poetics of obscurity" and how it functions to create appreciative audiences. In addition to this philosophical strand focused on meaning, the argument of the book is framed historically, encompassing ancient origins of the occult tradition, its suppression by the early Christian church, its revival during the Renaissance, and its period of greatest vitality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the church's social authority to forbid what it called "magic" declined. For the American aspect of Gunn's analysis, principal figures covered are H. P. Blavatsky, Aleister Crowley, and Anton LaVey. And just as the spiritual authority of the church diminished, Gunn sees a downward path from a period of earnest seeking after secrets to a period of occult commodification dominated by scary images rather than esoteric language. Blavatsky was a world traveler from Ukraine who, in 1875, formed the Theosophical Society in New York; she circulated as a spiritualist celebrity who commanded special insights and powers based upon her study of assorted world religions. The Society still exists today and her works such as his Unveiled (1877) and The Secret Doctrine (1888), although denounced by some of her contemporaries as "rubbish," are still in print today, remaining important to the theosophical strand of New Age religions. Her rhetorical style, which was repetitive, list-laden with citations, and filled with imported terms (especially from Sanskrit), helped Blavatsky cultivate the aura of authority among her devoted, though often bemuddled followers. …


Present research was aimed at analyzing the impact of brand image, product quality and self-efficacy on purchase decision on private label rights (PLR) products among Medan city community members. A hundred community members of Medan City were involved as the subjects of this research. The research results showed that the variable of product quality has a significant effect on consumer purchase decisions. It is concluded that good quality products in private label rights (PLR) products should be maintained and even improved, thus leading to more positive societal impression on private label rights (PLR) products. Some of the respondents consider private label rights (PLR) products with good product quality presents more interest to try or buy.


In this paper, we present a stereovision algorithm for real-time 6DoF ego-motion estimation, which integrates image intensity information and 3D stereo data in the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) scheme. The proposed method addresses a basic problem of standard ICP, i.e. its inability to perform the segmentation of data points and to deal with large displacements. Neither a-priori knowledge of the motion nor inputs from other sensors are required, while the only assumption is that the scene always contains visually distinctive features which can be tracked over subsequent stereo pairs. This generates what is usually called Visual Odometry. The paper details the various steps of the algorithm and presents the results of experimental tests performed with an allterrain mobile robot, proving the method to be as accurate as effective for autonomous navigation purposes.


The Multi National Corporation (MNC) as a non-state actor has mutated from its original inception as an economic business entity to its powerful position today, a position that transcends economic boundaries to encompass both social and political landscapes. As such, there has been a proliferation of the corporation's duties from the formal need to create a profit for its shareholders to an increasing practical recognition of its broader role in the geo-political landscape. Recent conversations in both academia and practice have been centred on the need to contextualise, shape and advance those corporate obligations that touch upon human rights. The latest, and most lauded, of these attempts within international law has been the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). These principles advocate a three-pillared approach: (1) the state duty to protect; (2) the corporate duty to respect; and (3) the right to a remedy where a human rights violation has occurred.
This paper builds on these academic discussions and proposes a thought experiment, one that deconstructs the second pillar of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) using the work of Ladd, Donaldson and Kant. The language of the Guiding Principles indicates that corporations should respect human rights. This sits at odds with the typical construct of corporate legal obligations by imposing a landscape of morality on a corporate form, which has been legally constructed to have a much narrower personality than that of a natural person. This paper takes a Kantian approach to understand corporations, which is in itself innovative, but applying his work on morality and shaping this with discussions around the categorical and hypothetical imperative offers further unique insights. This approach offers an original explanation of the second pillar of the principles and argues that despite being much lauded, the UNGPs, and this second pillar in particular – rather than quantifying corporate duties as they relate to human rights – simply reinforce the language and expectations of Corporate Social Responsibility. In short, it represents lip service to human rights that is not met by reality.


Matrix factorization based techniques, such as non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and concept factorization (CF), have attracted great attention in dimension reduction and data clustering. Both of them are linear learning problems and lead to a sparse representation of the data. However, the sparsity obtained by these methods does not always satisfy locality conditions, thus the obtained data representation is not the best. This paper introduces a locality-constrained concept factorization method which imposes a locality constraint onto the traditional concept factorization. By requiring the concepts (basis vectors) to be as close to the original data points as possible, each data can be represented by a linear combination of only a few basis concepts. Thus our method is able to achieve sparsity and locality at the same time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel algorithm through a set of evaluations on real world applications.


In the process of mapping compute-intensive algorithms onto arrays of processing elements (PEs) an efficient usage of channels between PEs and registers within PEs is crucial for achieving a significant algorithm acceleration. In this paper this problem is solved for algorithms represented as systems of uniform recurrence equations. We address an optimization problem in order to realize the algorithmic data dependencies within the processor array (PA) with minimum cost for channels and registers. There, we use a new mapping approach which allows a direct mapping of the algorithm onto the PA by a partitioning method. In contrast to existing approaches, the authors consider the issue of avoiding redundant usage of channels and registers, which can appear if one instance of a variable has to be transferred from a source PE to several sink PEs. Further, a solution of the optimization problem determines the schedule for the transfer of the variable instances in the channels and their storage in registers as well as the inner schedule for the operations in the PEs. We illustrate our method on the edge detection algorithm


The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of brand interaction in pop-up shops on consumers' perceptions of luxury fashion retailers.,Adopting an exploratory, inductive research design, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with female respondents, consistent with the profile of both typical pop-up and "new luxury" customers, who had recently visited a luxury fashion pop-up shop.,Factors influencing consumers' perceptions of the luxury brands whose pop-up shops were visited are identified relating to three key characteristics of pop-up retailing identified from a review of relevant literature, termed the temporal dimension, the promotional emphasis, and the experiential emphasis.,This study explores the perceptions of pop-up shops qualitatively from a consumer's perspective, providing new insights into the personal and complex motivations and attitudes of new luxury consumers.


A quinone-mediated general platform for the
construction of primary α-tertiary amines from abundant primary α-branched amine
starting materials is described. This procedure pivots on the efficient in situ
generation of reactive ketimine intermediates and subsequent reaction with
carbon-centered nucleophiles such as organomagnesium and organolithium
reagents, and TMSCN, creating quaternary centers. Furthermore, extension to
reverse polarity photoredox catalysis enables reactivity with electrophiles.
This efficient, broadly applicable and scalable amine-to-amine synthetic
platform was successfully applied to library and API synthesis and in the late
stage functionalization of drug molecules.


With the renewed interest in a lesbian (or gay) United States Supreme Court Justice, this article – originally published in 1993 – looks at sexual identity and identity politics. It begins thusly: "To start with, we need a lesbian on the Supreme Court." It was the summer of 1992, the last summer of the Reagan-Bush regime, although the demise of that era was far from certain. I was being interviewed by a gay and lesbian magazine for a feature article about the Supreme Court. I was staying in Provincetown, a place renowned for its lesbian/gay culture, surrounded by lesbians of every ilk. My opinion was solicited as a constitutional scholar and expert on lesbian legal issues and theories. While lesbians appear in periodicals, on the streets, and in legal theories, not one lesbian has appeared as a United States Supreme Court Justice, ever. So, when the interviewer asked me a general question about changing the United States Supreme Court, I replied that we should start with the appointment of a lesbian.


The construction of the competition go-kart must satisfy the philosophy of extreme simplicity: no redundant part is added and the go-kart frame is similar to the chassis of a sedan. Accordingly, the design of each part on the kart has to contribute to its performance. Due to the absence of a differential gear and suspension system, the frame must be responsible for offering proper rigidity and torsional stiffness to the kart and producing load transfers during cornering. Therefore, how to build a good kart frame is very important to go-kart design. In this paper, the torsional stiffness of the go-kart frame is analyzed in detail by using non-linear, explicit dynamic code LS-DYNA 3D. The kart frame presented by Solazzi is adopted to be the parent model, and two design concepts are investigated to improve the torsional stiffness of the kart frame. The first one is the arrangement of extra members at suitable positions on the frame, and nine different types of frame are studied. The second one is to increase the width between two kingpins, and four different types are studied. The torsional stiffness of each frame type is determined and compared with each other. The result shows that the torsional stiffness of the frames with larger kingpin width is better than those with extra members. Specifically, the one with width of 828 mm is the best type of frame, and the torsional stiffness is 31.03% higher than the original. In addition, among the frames with extra members, the one with a right-inclined member arranged in front of the centre member is the best design, and the torsional stiffness is 20.18% higher than the original. It is believed that the design concepts presented in this research will provide a useful reference for the design and manufacturing of an optimum go-kart frame.


Despite intensive efforts, determination of a predictable pattern of gold distribution to enhance process understanding and simplify exploration has remained elusive. The pattern of gold distribution along the Archean Boulder-Lefroy shear zone in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia provides insights into gold distribution in one of the world's richest provinces. Four world-class gold deposits, including the giant Golden Mile at Kalgoorlie, are regularly spaced along the shear zone, providing a window into understanding large-scale Archean hydrothermal systems. Relationships among gold endowment, shear-zone trend, and geologic complexity, as measured by fractal dimensions, indicate that (1) ore fluids were focused into those parts of the shear zone with greatest misorientation from the regional trend, which define dilational sites during shearing and became the sites of world-class gold deposits; and (2) the degree of complexity contrast along the shear zone modulated gold endowment.


It is well-known that traditional text-based passwords are weak due to predictable patterns in user choice. In response, other knowledge-based authentication schemes such as graphical passwords have been proposed, motivated in part by our remarkably better memory for pictures over words. We hypothesize that these schemes, when allowing users free choice of their password, will suffer from similar weaknesses.
We examine and generalize existing methods for attacking knowledge-based schemes, and apply these methods to two representative, previously unanalyzed, graphical password schemes: the "Draw-A-Secret" scheme of Jermyn et al. (1999), and the "Pass-Points" scheme of Weidenbeck et al. (2005). We validate our hypothesis using data collected from our own user studies, and from user studies by others, providing the first attacks and effective security analyses for these two schemes. Our results naturally lead to a set of recommendations that may help improve the effective security of these particular schemes.
In light of these attacks, we propose a novel idea for user authentication we call "pass-thoughts", which may prove to have some unique properties to defend against various attacks (but we do not prove this herein). We end with a discussion of other considerations for user authentication schemes, a comparative analysis of existing schemes, and a discussion to put the results of this thesis in context.


Open education is changing the landscape of higher education.  There are many aspects to the open education movement and the authors of this paper focus on open courses.  Librarians and educators who teach information literacy must adapt their instruction to courses that are open, instead of using the same strategies that are employed in traditional education or distance education settings.  In this paper, the authors discuss the theories of connectivism and social learning theory and how the both theories apply to information literacy and its foray into open courses.  Additionally, the concept of lifelong learning is crucial to open education and its close ties to information literacy are examined.  The authors conclude by discussing the content of information literacy courses in an open environment.


Smart Buildings are networks of connected devices and software in charge of automatically managing and controlling several building functions such as HVAC, fire alarms, lighting, shading and more. These systems evolved from mostly electronic and mechanical elements to complex systems relying on IT and wireless technologies and networks. This exposes smart buildings to new risks and threats that need to be enumerated and addressed. Research efforts have been done in several areas related to security in smart buildings but a clear overview of the research field is missing. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review that provides a thorough understanding of the state of the art in research on the security of smart buildings. We found that the field of smart buildings security is growing significantly in complexity due to the many protocols introduced recently and that the research community is already studying. We also found an important lack of empirical evaluations, though evaluations on testbeds and real systems seems to be growing. Finally, we found an almost complete lack of consideration of non-technical aspects, such as social, organisational, and human factors, which are crucial in this type of systems, where ownership and liability is not always clear.


The article dealt with the moral and political problem of international food justice in which the deep contradiction between the present situation of malnourishment and starvation in large parts of the global population on the one hand and the biblical notion of the preferential option for the poor on the other hand was described. This ecumenically widely accepted notion was clarified in several aspects. How deeply this is rooted in the history of Christian social thought was shown by Martin Luther's writings on the economy which have remained relatively unknown in the churches and in the scholarly world. The article then presented three models of Christian economic ethic: the technical economic model, the utopian economic model and the public theological economic model. On the basis of the public theological model seven challenges for international food justice were presented. The basis for these challenges is an understanding of globalisation which guarantees just participation for everyone and deals with nature in an ecologically sustainable way. The interests of small farmers are the basis for judging the activities of big agro-corporations. Public theology is the background for an active involvement of the churches as agents of a global civil society to promote international food justice.


We propose an unsupervised approach for learning end-to-end reconstruction operators for ill-posed inverse problems. The proposed method combines the classical variational framework with iterative unrolling, which essentially seeks to minimize a weighted combination of the expected distortion in the measurement space and the Wasserstein-1 distance between the distributions of the reconstruction and ground-truth. More specifically, the regularizer in the variational setting is parametrized by a deep neural network and learned simultaneously with the unrolled reconstruction operator. The variational problem is then initialized with the reconstruction of the unrolled operator and solved iteratively till convergence. Notably, it takes significantly fewer iterations to converge, thanks to the excellent initialization obtained via the unrolled operator. The resulting approach combines the computational efficiency of end-to-end unrolled reconstruction with the well-posedness and noise-stability guarantees of the variational setting. Moreover, we demonstrate with the example of X-ray computed tomography (CT) that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, and that it outperforms or is on par with state-of-the-art supervised learned reconstruction approaches.


European utilities are continuously looking for ways to reduce operating and maintenance costs of their wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems while at the same time increasing sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal efficiency. Upgrading an existing wet FGD system may be an effective way to improve SO2 removal, allow the use of lower cost higher sulfur coals, reduce power consumption, eliminate high pressure drop packing, allow the conversion to a forced oxidized system, allow for the use of an alternate reagent, and improve the reliability of the system while reducing the operating and maintenance costs. By today's standards, older wet FGD systems were not designed to achieve high SO2 removals and higher reliability while at the same time minimizing operating costs. New wet FGD systems are typically designed for SO2 removal levels of 98% and reliability of 99%+. Fortunately, the technological improvements that have been incorporated into the newest wet FGD systems can be adapted for retrofit into older wet FGD systems. These technological improvements include the installation of improved gas-liquid contacting devices, wall rings, redesigned spray headers, state-of-the-art spray nozzles and upgraded mist eliminators, conversion from natural or inhibited oxidation to in situ forced oxidation, and improved limestone preparation systems and byproduct dewatering systems. This paper discusses how state of the art wet FGD technology can be used to upgrade the performance of existing wet FGD systems.


This study explored mentoring relationships in sport from the perspective of the protege. The project was guided by contemporary mentoring theories as framed by Kram's Mentor Role Theory (Kram, 1985). A convenience sample of 230 volleyball coaches was recruited for this study. Data were collected using the Coaches Mentor Role Instrument (CMRI) (Schempp, McCullick, Berger, White, and Elliott, 2014). Quantitative methods indicated significant mentor role differences based on continuation of relationship, participation in a formal mentor programme, and gender. The participants perceived their mentors as most effective in the roles of 'acceptor, friend, role model and challenger'.


Evaluation of Omega 3 (ω-3) Fatty Acid Profile of Seafood Products Consumed in Turkey There has been high evidence that fish lipids are beneficial for human health. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega 3 (ω-3) fatty acids (n-3 FAs), have been recognised to be essential components of humans'diet, prevent several diseases and have a vital role in health promotion. These acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic, C20:5 ω-3 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic, C22:6 ω-3 (DHA), have been reported to prevent and treat of cardiovascular, depressions and some other diseases like cancer, coronary heart diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, inflammation and arrhythmias rheumatoid arthritis. There is a nutritional deficit of ω-3 PUFA in the human diet; therefore, a higher consumption of food containing these acids is recommended. The intake of total ω-3 fatty acids in the United States is about 1.6 g/d. General recommendations for daily dietary intakes of DHA/EPA are 0.5g for infants, and 1g/day for adults. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends their consumption of fish to 340 g per week. In this study, the fat content, fatty acid composition, the content of ω-3 of different marine, freshwater fish and cultured fishes in Turkey caught and consumed are examined, it is adequate to meet our needs were assessed weekly ω-3.


The out-of-plane bending modes of aromatic C-H bond at 11.3, 12.1, 12.4, and 13.3μm were detected in the ISO SWS spectra of the proto-planetary nebulae IRAS 07134+1005 and IRAS 22574+6609. In addition, unidentified emission features at 17.8, 18.9, and 19.1μm were detected in the SWS01 and SWS06 spectra of IRAS 07134+1005. The similar strengths of the 12.1, 12.4, and 13.3μm features relative to the 11.3μm feature, together with the presence of strong aliphatic CH bands at 3.4 and 6.9μm, demonstrate a lower aromaticitiy of the emitting material, compared to those at the later planetary nebulae stage. This suggests a chemical and physical evolution of the carbonaceous dust during the transition between these two phases.


This study was designed to investigate the effect of ability on technique in the forward somersault with half twist (Barani) and the forward somersault with one and one half twists (Rudi) on the trampoline. Eleven trampolinists ranging in ability from elite (national representative) to early intermediate (regional representative) were analyzed using three-dimensional analysis techniques. Cumulative twist angle, rate of twist, angle of tilt of the twist axis, chest rotation, hip angle, and hip lateral flexion angle were measured. Characteristics of the arm actions were also assessed using an internal frame of reference. To generate twist in the Baranis, trampolinists tilted the axis between 5° and 14°; the amount of tilt was inversely related to ability (p < .05). In the Rudis, subjects tilted the axis between 15° and 23° using more asymmetrical arm actions and larger and more rapid hip extensions, hip lateral flexions, and chest rotations than in the Baranis. The timing and magnitude of the actions differ...


An exact solution for the temperature distribution during evaporative heating of a solid following a laser input pulse has been formulated. The heat transfer equation was made non-dimensional and the closed form solution obtained using the Laplace transformation method. The speed of the receding surface was expressed after assuming an energy balance in the surface region. A numerical solution of the heat transfer equation was necessary so that the temperature predictions obtained from the closed-form solution can be compared. It is found that the temperature rises rapidly in the early heating period because of the energy gain by the substrate material from the irradiated area and only a little energy diffuses from the surface region to the solid bulk during the heating pulse. The numerical predictions of temperature and closed formed solutions are found to be in good agreement.


We consider online content recommendation with implicit feedback through pairwise comparisons, formalized as the so-called dueling bandit problem. We study the dueling bandit problem in the Condorcet winner setting, and consider two notions of regret: the more well-studied strong regret, which is 0 only when both arms pulled are the Condorcet winner; and the less well-studied weak regret, which is 0 if either arm pulled is the Condorcet winner. We propose a new algorithm for this problem, Winner Stays (WS), with variations for each kind of regret: WS for weak regret (WS-W) has expected cumulative weak regret that is $O(N^2)$, and $O(N\log(N))$ if arms have a total order; WS for strong regret (WS-S) has expected cumulative strong regret of $O(N^2 + N \log(T))$, and $O(N\log(N)+N\log(T))$ if arms have a total order. WS-W is the first dueling bandit algorithm with weak regret that is constant in time. WS is simple to compute, even for problems with many arms, and we demonstrate through numerical experiments on simulated and real data that WS has significantly smaller regret than existing algorithms in both the weak- and strong-regret settings.


The color perception and evaluation of the attitude of the student youth towards 20 territorial parts of Lviv urban space were analyzed. The importance of the studentification for the functional transformation of urban space was emphasized. A technique developed by the Swiss psychologist M. Lusher was used to research the color perception of urban space. An electronic poll of 205 students was conducted, the results of which were analyzed in three age categories. The study found a low coefficient of asymmetry in the responses and determined a minimum threshold for a unique interpretation of the "color" of the area. A mental map of the color perception of Lviv was performed, which distinguishes areas dominated by the perception of the same color, the combination of two colors, the indistinct distribution, as well as the positive, negative and uncertain attitude of students towards them. Warm colors (yellow, green, red) were found to relate mainly to the areas of study, dwelling, and the most frequent location of the students, as well as to the desired places of residence. Black and gray colors dominate in the perception of industrial and transport-industrial districts of Lviv, which received negative opinions. The results of the study can be used in the process of adaptive transformation (according to student needs) of Lviv urban space and in specificating the paradigm of its development. In particular, according to the poll, a large part of Lviv has negative or uncertain attitude, thus its further functional transformation must take into account the needs of student youth. Colored association with territorial parts of the city may also be used for creation of verbal urbal images and formulation of relevant geospatial metaphors.


A new graphically oriented local modeling procedure called interval partial least-squares (iPLS) is presented for use on spectral data. The iPLS method is compared to full-spectrum partial least-squares and the variable selection methods principal variables (PV), forward stepwise selection (FSS), and recursively weighted regression (RWR). The methods are tested on a near-infrared (NIR) spectral data set recorded on 60 beer samples correlated to original extract concentration. The error of the full-spectrum correlation model between NIR and original extract concentration was reduced by a factor of 4 with the use of iPLS (r = 0.998, and root mean square error of prediction equal to 0.17% plato), and the graphic output contributed to the interpretation of the chemical system under observation. The other methods tested gave a comparable reduction in the prediction error but suffered from the interpretation advantage of the graphic interface. The intervals chosen by iPLS cover both the variables found by FSS and all possible combinations as well as the variables found by PV and RWR, and iPLS is still able to utilize the first-order advantage.


Shakespeare wrote of lions, shrews, horned toads, curs, mastiffs, and hell-hounds. But he used the word "animal" only eight times in his work - which was typical for the sixteenth century, when the word was rarely used. As Laurie Shannon reveals in "The Accommodated Animal", the animal-human divide first came strongly into play in the seventeenth century, with Descartes' famous formulation that reason sets humans above other species: "I think, therefore I am." Before that moment, animals could claim a firmer place alongside humans in a larger vision of belonging, or what Shannon terms cosmopolity. With Shakespeare as her touch-stone, Shannon explores the creaturely dispensation that existed until Descartes. She finds that early modern writers used classical natural history and readings of "Genesis" to credit animals with various kinds of stakeholdership, prerogative, and entitlement, employing the language of politics in a constitutional vision of cosmic membership. Using this political idiom to frame cross-species relations, Shannon argues, carried with it the notion that animals possess their own investments in the world, a point distinct from the question of whether animals have reason. It also enabled a sharp critique of the tyranny of humankind. By answering "the question of the animal" historically, "The Accommodated Animal" makes a brilliant contribution to cross-disciplinary debates engaging political theory, intellectual history, and literary studies.


Abstract In the past 10 to 15 years, advances in psychopharmacology and research on the neurobiological basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have led to the currently predominant biological model of OCD. Nevertheless, the centrality of complex ideation in OCD supports the usefulness of a psychological approach. In this article, we propose an integrated psychobiological model that presumes a biological etiology without assuming biological reductionism. We hypothesize that the relationship between biological and psychological organization is best explained in the context of emergent systems theory, and that the psychological meaning of OCD reflects development across phylogeny as opposed to ontogeny. Finally, we propose that OCD reflects disruption of a behavioral inhibition/harm assessment system that incorporates brain structures from different points across human phylogeny. Hence, complex psychological symptoms of a biological etiology are generated.


Blood orange juice is a typical Italian product whose red color is primarily associated with anthocyanin pigments. Two orange-based products are present on the market: pasteurized pure juice with 40 days of shelf life, and sterilized beverage containing minimum 12% of concentrated fruit juice. The aim of the present paper is to verify the relationships between the antioxidant properties and the anthocyanins content in a sampling of pasteurized and sterilized commercial red orange juices. The anthocyanins composition was determined by HPLC-MS/MS, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the Briggs-Rauscher reaction, selected in order to acquire information at acid pH values, by three radical scavenging assays (DMPD, 2-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylenbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), DPPH), and by FRAP assay to monitor the ferric reducing power. Results showed that antioxidant activity, particularly when measured by ABTS method, is positively related to the content of anthocyanins and that the reduction of anthocyanins content, typical of commercial long-shelf life juices, leads to a remarkable loss of antioxidant power.


Models of soil reflectance under changing moisture conditions are needed to better quantify soil and vegetation properties from remote sensing. In this study, measurements of reflected shortwave radiation (400-2500 nm) were acquired in a laboratory setting for four different soils at various moisture contents. The observed changes in soil reflectance revealed a nonlinear dependence on moisture that was well described by an exponential model, and was similar for different soil types when moisture was expressed as degree of saturation. Reflectance saturated at much lower moisture contents in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral region than in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral region, suggesting that longer wavelengths are better suited for measuring volumetric moisture contents above ∼20%. To explore the potential of a general reflectance model based solely on dry reflectance and moisture, we employed a Monte Carlo analysis that accounted for observed variability in the measured spectra. Modeling results indicated that the SWIR region offers significant potential for relating moisture and reflectance on an operational basis, with uncertainties less than half as large as in the VNIR. The results of this study help to quantify the strong influence of moisture on spectral reflectance and absorption features, and should aid in the development of operational algorithms as well as more physically based models in the future.


Abstract. Climate models represent a large variety of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales, a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. Current hardware trends, such as Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) and Many Integrated Core (MIC) chips, are based on, at best, marginal increases in clock speed, coupled with vast increases in concurrency, particularly at the fine grain. Multi-physics codes face particular challenges in achieving fine-grained concurrency, as different physics and dynamics components have different computational profiles, and universal solutions are hard to come by. We propose here one approach for multi-physics codes. These codes are typically structured as components interacting via software frameworks. The component structure of a typical Earth system model consists of a hierarchical and recursive tree of components, each representing a different climate process or dynamical system. This recursive structure generally encompasses a modest level of concurrency at the highest level (e.g., atmosphere and ocean on different processor sets) with serial organization underneath. We propose to extend concurrency much further by running more and more lower- and higher-level components in parallel with each other. Each component can further be parallelized on the fine grain, potentially offering a major increase in the scalability of Earth system models. We present here first results from this approach, called coarse-grained component concurrency, or CCC. Within the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modeling System (FMS), the atmospheric radiative transfer component has been configured to run in parallel with a composite component consisting of every other atmospheric component, including the atmospheric dynamics and all other atmospheric physics components. We will explore the algorithmic challenges involved in such an approach, and present results from such simulations. Plans to achieve even greater levels of coarse-grained concurrency by extending this approach within other components, such as the ocean, will be discussed.


© Local authorities play a key role in tackling climate change as the ground implementers of national greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies. They are expected to measure, report and verify data on city-level GHG emissions in a credible and sustained manner by referring to national and global protocols and methodologies, coordinating data collection responsibilities among multiple municipality departments and with external stakeholders, and drawing technical support from external stakeholders. © A replicable model for building a local authority's capacity in GHG accounting was demonstrated by Phitsanulok City, Thailand, which was trained to collect reasonably complete data for an inaugural municipal-level GHG inventory by: (a) establishing a cross-department working group, which is led by skilled managerial and workinglevel coordinators, (b) exchanging experience with a peer municipality (Nonthaburi Municipality), (c) flexibly adjusting pre-existing administrative and accounting procedures for GHG data collection, and (d) Developing an in-house energy use reporting system.


Background: Esophageal strictures in pediatric age are a quite common condition due to different etiologies. Esophageal strictures can be divided in congenital, acquired and functional. Clinical manifestations are similar and when symptoms arise, endoscopic dilation is the treatment of choice. Our aim was to consider the efficacy of this technique in pediatric population, through a wide review of the literature. Method: A search on PubMed/Medline was performed using "esophageal strictures", "endoscopic dilations" and "children" as key words. Medline, Scopus, PubMed publisher and Google Scholar were searched as well. As inclusion criteria, we selected clinical studies describing dilations applied to all type of esophageal strictures in children. Papers referred to single etiology strictures dilations or to adult population only were excluded, as well as literature-review articles. Results: We found 17 studies from 1989 to 2018. Overall, 738 patients in pediatric age underwent dilation for esophageal strictures with fixed diameter push-type dilators (bougie dilators) and/or radial expanding balloon dilators. Severe complications were observed in 33/738 patients (4,5%) and perforation was themost frequent (29/33). Conversion to surgery occurred only in 16 patients (2,2%). Conclusions: Endoscopic dilation is the first-choice treatment of esophageal strictures, it can be considered a safe procedure in pediatric age. Both, fixed diameter push-type dilators and radial expanding balloon dilators, showed positive outcomes in term of clinical results and cases converted to surgery. However, it's essential to perform these procedure in specialized Centers by an experienced team, in order to reduce complications. (www.actabiomedica.it)


Searching for natural curative agents with a superior safety profile for the management of oxidative stress linked disorders are continuing owing to multiple unwanted effects linked with synthetic antioxidants. Medicinal plants are still considered as one of the imperative cradles of modern medicine. Therefore the drive of this study was to analyse the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the Syngonium podophyllum (S. podophyllum) L. leaves. The fresh leaves of S. podophyllum L. were extracted with methanol (CME) afterward fractionation using n-hexane (NHF), chloroform (CLF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous (AQF). The plant extract and its fractions were evaluated for phytochemical content by alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, resins, flavonoids and steroids tests. Total phenolic content (TPC) was also determined. Antioxidant activities were determined by total antioxidant activity (TAA), reducing power activity (RPA) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity tests. The phytochemical analysis of CME and its fractions of S. podophyllum L. leaves exposed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, resins, flavonoids and steroids. The CME of S. podophyllum L. leaves exhibited the highest amount (10.55 mg of GAE/g of dried extract) of TPC compared to remaining fractions. The highest absorbance, 3.791 nm was found in CME with respect to remaining fractions for TAA test. Among the crude extract and its different fractions, highest absorbance, 3.015 nm was reported for CME in RPA test. In the DPPH radical scavenging test, CME showed the highest scavenging activity (79.89%) with IC50 of 46.55 ìg/mL. This study indorsed that CME has marked antioxidant activities. This plant extract might be a promising source of natural antioxidant which can be effective for the treatment of oxidative stress related disorders.


Vineland is primarily concerned with how film, television and computer technologies shape not only contemporary experience but also the novel itself as a literary form that must inscribe and reflect upon the effects these media produce. Vineland offers a Janus-faced view of America in the 1980s: it looks back to a period when social revolution "went blending into commerce" and "the highest state of the analogue arts [was] soon to be eclipsed by digital technology" (VI 308); and it looks forward, on the technological horizon, to a media assemblage in which all information is digital and mediated through the computer interface. In the meantime, Vineland's present is defined by a contemporary media assemblage much like what Friedrich Kittler calls a "partially connected media system."


The present paper investigates the grammar systems of Chinese learners of Spanish as a second language with the aim of contributing to current debates within contemporary generative second language (L2) acquisition theory: the extent to which adult learners are (un)able to acquire new functional features that result in a L2 grammar that is mentally structured like the native target language has led to recent accounts such as the Interpretability Hypothesis (Hawkins & Hattori 2006; Tsimpli & Dimitrakopoulou 2007) excluding L2A of non-L1 uninterpretable features, and more recently the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere 2009) claiming that L2 readjustment is an arduous acquisition task for [+/–] interpretable features. In evaluating both hypotheses, this study further explores L2A of uninterpretable and interpretable features by examining the development of certain Spanish features within the DP (i.e., [uGender]; [uNumber] and an interpretable Focus/Contrast feature) by L2 Chinese learners. Results of our two experimental tasks show that parametrically different uninterpretable and interpretable features are not totally accessible to adult L2 learners, but that proficiency level and individual differences figure largely in the implementation of them, causing competence target deviant patterns. Contrary to the IH, our results thus show initial underspecification of the [+/–] interpretable features in IL grammars and a gradual process which would first mimic L1-consistency before becoming native-like.


The strengthening of the process of the regulation of accounting and auditing, as well as the improvement of the structures of corporate governance, aims, fundamentally, to involve the various professionals that work in business organizations in a global process whose principal objective is to provide more ethical and responsible accountability practices. Hence, encouraging ethical stances is crucial in seeking to overcome the present financial crisis, and in preventing and changing the paradigm of the business model of capitalist society: the ethical principles related to the business environment should be assumed by all those intervening in the process of accountability. In this context, the goal of this research is to ascertain whether, among professionals working in this field in Portugal, there exists an appropriate perception of behaviour and ethical attitudes, and whether there is control and promotion of these attributes. In particular, we seek to locate significant associations between the responses to the questions raised, and to do this, we use, among other statistical instruments, Spearman's correlation coefficient. The results obtained reveal certain specific characteristics of the groups questioned.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relative importance of country of brand (COB), country of service delivery (COSD) and country of person (COP) in consumer evaluation of hybrid services.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data (N = 1,071) from Australia, Indonesia and Singapore, a conjoint analysis experimental design explored empirically the importance of country of origin (COO) effects in three service contexts: search, experience and credence.

Findings
The analysis reveals that the relative importance of COP was the highest for credence services, while COB was the strongest for experience services.

Practical implications
For firms operating offshore, companies must understand that the COO construct is multi-dimensional for services, as it is for tangible products and not limited only to COB as traditionally thought. At least two other distinct dimensions – COSD and COP – can play significant roles as predictors of service quality expectations. Companies must consider the implications of service type, according to the search-experience-credence continuum to inform staffing decisions and managing customer expectations.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature by extending the understanding of country image effects in the context of hybrid service provisions, particularly in the view of customer expectations of services with multiple country-of-origins. Although there have been several studies examining the effects of COO on services evaluation, no empirical study has examined the effects of multiple COOs simultaneously from the perspective of location where the service is delivered (COSD) and individuals who deliver the service (COP), in addition to the effect of COB origin.


In 1905, Albert Einstein published his paper 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies', which is referred as the special theory of relativity. In Section 3 of this work, he developed a factor for describing a moving system in terms of a reference stationary system known as the Lorentz factor. In the climax of the development of Lorentz factor in this section, Einstein provided the series of equations that contains the mutual terms c, v, t, and x'. Clearly, 'c' corresponds to the velocity of light, 'v' is the velocity of the moving system, and 't' is the time passage in the reference stationary system. However, regarding x', the meaning is not clear as a mutual term. Besides, the values of x', which should have identical values, differ for the various equations. Thus, there is an inconsistency as regarding the usage of x' in the development of the Lorentz factor in Section 3 of 'On the electrodynamics of moving bodies'. This issue should be discussed not only from the viewpoint of mathematics, but also from the viewpoint of formal logic, which is a practical tool for the study of any science.


Aphids are a major family of plant insect pests. Medicago truncatula and Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid, PA) are model species with a suite of resources available to help dissect the mechanism underlying plant–aphid interactions. A previous study focused on monogenic and relatively strong resistance in M. truncatula to PA and other aphid species. In this study a moderate resistance to PA was characterized in detail in the M. truncatula line A17 and compared with the highly susceptible line A20 and the more resistant line Jester. The results show that PA resistance in A17 involves both antibiosis and tolerance, and that resistance is phloem based. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=114) from a cross between A17 and A20 revealed that one locus, which co-segregated with AIN (Acyrthosiphon-induced necrosis) on chromosome 3, is responsible for the reduction of aphid biomass (indicator of antibiosis) for both PA and bluegreen aphid (BGA, A. kondoi), albeit to a lesser degree for PA than BGA. Interestingly, two independent loci on chromosomes 5 and 3 were identified for the plant biomass reduction (indicator of plant tolerance) by PA and BGA, respectively, demonstrating that the plant's tolerance response to these two closely related aphid species is distinct. Together with previously identified major resistant (R) genes, the QTLs identified in this study are powerful tools to understand fully the spectrum of plant defence against sap-sucking insects and provide opportunities for breeders to generate effective and sustainable strategies for aphid control.


Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), also known as downy brome, is an invasive, exotic annual grass found throughout North America. Cheatgrass has been extensively studied in the Great Basin region of North America, where the majority of precipitation comes in winter and early spring, and the vegetation consists primarily of cool-season species. However, little research has been done in northern foothills grasslands in and near Montana, where most precipitation comes in spring and summer, supporting a mixture of cooland warm-season plant species. Climate and vegetation differ between the northern foothills grasslands and the Great Basin, so the ecological impacts of cheatgrass in the northern foothills grasslands are unknown. In order to better understand cheatgrass ecology in this region, we assessed cheatgrass abundance in foothills ecosystems in Montana. Fifteen study plots were established at each of two ranches in Montana, both of which are owned and operated by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station: Thackeray Ranch, southeast of Havre, Montana, and Red Bluff Ranch, east of Norris, Montana. At these plots we examined relationships among cheatgrass abundance, biotic and abiotic site characteristics (e.g. species diversity, soil depth), and disturbance indicators (e.g. livestock fecal counts) in 2014 and 2015. Large generalized linear mixedeffects regression models for each ranch were reduced to simpler models by comparing the Aikake's Information Criterion (AIC) for each fitted model, and selecting for lower AIC to best describe cheatgrass abundance. Multimodel inference based on the best models for each ranch identified important variables to predict cheatgrass abundance. Disturbance and site characteristics such as aspect and soil texture are important predictors that land managers in the northern foothills grasslands could monitor to estimate the risk of cheatgrass invasion or dominance on the landscapes they manage.


Deep reinforcement learning techniques have demonstrated superior performance in a wide variety of environments. As improvements in training algorithms continue at a brisk pace, theoretical or empirical studies on understanding what these networks seem to learn, are far behind. In this paper we propose an interpretable neural network architecture for Q-learning which provides a global explanation of the model's behavior using key-value memories, attention and reconstructible embeddings. With a directed exploration strategy, our model can reach training rewards comparable to the state-of-the-art deep Q-learning models. However, results suggest that the features extracted by the neural network are extremely shallow and subsequent testing using out-of-sample examples shows that the agent can easily overfit to trajectories seen during training.


This paper explores the possibility of an undercurrent of sociopolitical commentary in Catullus's Poem 51. Taking as its starting point a recent theory arguing for such a commentary in Poem 11, it attempts to determine whether and to what extent it can be applied to Poem 51; these two poems are often studied together, as they both concern the character Lesbia and are the only two Catullan poems written in the sapphic meter. The paper examines elements of the poem such as word choice, meter, and stylistic devices, as well as differences between it and the Sappho poem it is based on. The argument is that there are elements of sociopolitical commentary in Poem 51 similar to Poem 11 and other 'Lesbia poems', albeit to a lesser extent.


In Forensic Media , Greg Siegel considers how photographic, electronic, and digital media have been used to record and reconstruct accidents, particularly high-speed crashes and catastrophes. Focusing in turn on the birth of the field of forensic engineering, Charles Babbage's invention of a "self-registering apparatus" for railroad trains, flight-data and cockpit voice recorders ("black boxes"), the science of automobile crash-testing, and various accident-reconstruction techniques and technologies, Siegel shows how "forensic media" work to transmute disruptive chance occurrences into reassuring narratives of causal succession. Through historical and philosophical analyses, he demonstrates that forensic media are as much technologies of cultural imagination as they are instruments of scientific inscription, as imbued with ideological fantasies as they are compelled by institutional rationales. By rethinking the historical links and cultural relays between accidents and forensics, Siegel sheds new light on the corresponding connections between media, technology, and modernity.


The average U.S. male historically commutes further and longer than his female counterpart. Yet pivotal changes at home, as younger women especially increase their influence on household location and work decisions, and in the labor market, and as women's participation rates and profiles approach men's, strongly suggest that gender's influence on travel might be changing as well. Furthermore, the independent and interactive influence of other demographic factors, not least age and race, remain unclear. This study analyzes national microdata covering the past 20 years to examine both issues. We find sources of both convergence and divergence in travel behaviors by sex. The gender gap in commute length of older workers is growing, even while that of younger workers steadily closes. At the same time, racial differences in mode choice and commute times are becoming less pronounced—both by race and by gender. Thus, gendered elements of travel demand are indeed evolving, if not in predictable directions.


Various forms of violence and conflict continue to shape our habitats. What historically has been straightforward and even obvious two-way dependency, in recent years took more subtle and covert form due to sophisticated technological advancements in the fields of media, surveillance and armament. Recognising the detrimental effects of these new developments on the way we experience, conceptualise and build our environments, Footprint27 proposes artistic reflections, cross-media inquiry and counter-tactics as new powerful tools to rethink the complex relationship between conflict, space and mediation. On one hand, the aim of this issue is to deepen and expand theoretical considerations that substantiate investigations of spatial conflicts by making them truly interdisciplinary. On the other, it seeks to empower architects and artists in their pursuit of exposing, critiquing and fighting spatial violence by reclaiming/unlocking the enormous potential of media tools.


The Judd-Ofelt parameters are useful for calculation of Stimulated emission cross sections. The values of emission cross sections are comparable with those shown by glasses used in solid state laser applications. This theory gives three intensity parameters i—2, i—4 and i—6, which are related to the local structure in the vicinity of rare-earth ions, and / or the covalency of the rare-earth ion sites. The comparison of calculated with measured lifetimes gives information about non-radiative decay rates. In the absence of nonradiative decay processes, it is not possible to assess the agreement between the Judd-Ofelt theory and the experimental results.


Universal connection to the National Information Infrastructure (NII), it is presumed, will facilitate educational reform within schools and communities. Several developments suggest this: * The federal government is committed to having every classroom in the U.S.A. connected to the NII by the year 2000; * A number of telephone and cable companies have announced plans to connect schools in their service areas at low or no cost; * Modern, high-speed networks have been installed at a number of progressive, pioneering K-12 schools; * The Internet, a global network of networks that connects to an abundance of educational resources, is experiencing phenomenal growth. However, to date, there is relatively little known about the costs for connecting schools to the information infrastructure. Even though exact costs are unknown, they are expected to be significant. To reduce these costs, a variety of approaches are being tried. Some states have implemented the cost-saving strategy of purchasing telecommunications equipment and services for all schools in the state. For example, North Carolina has saved its schools 20% - 50% on certain items. Some states have passed legislation permitting the state Public Utility Commission to set preferential or fixed intra-state rates for educational institutions. Our research suggests that a number of programs would have a significant impact on the total costs of connecting to the NII. For instance, if all schools coordinate purchasing at the state level, cost savings will exceed $2 billion. Colleges and universities often have the resources to provide technical support to K-12 schools. If a nationwide program were instituted, potential savings would be $800 - $1,800 million. If schools were given free Internet connectivity, the total annual costs for school Internet connections would be reduced from $150 - $630 million. But costs for telecommunications lines and services represent only 11% of the total costs, and hence reductions will have a limited impact. Finally, as the costs of networking schools is better understood, a new question arises: How will these costs be financed? Many states have programs to fund networking in schools. The federal government has a role, although it must become more flexible and coordinated. However, as Vice President Gore continues to state, the NII will be built by the private sector. A number of states have initiated cooperative ventures between businesses and schools. An expansion of these programs may be the key for successfully connecting K-12 schools to the NII. But connection alone is not enough: we report below on our finding that support and training together comprise 46% of the total costs of networking schools. * Scope of K-12 Networking The model of school networks presented follows the Internet-networking model, by which schools have digital, data connections that transmit and receive bits of information. The models do not include analog video point-to-point networks or voice networks and voice-mail systems. Audio and video functions are possible in digital format over the Internet, but many schools will still use separate video and voice networks. Costs for these systems are important, but are not covered in this article. It should also be noted that although voice and video networks have been separated out from this report, schools should not consider these three types of networks to be wholly distinct. Some schools have integrated their voice and video networks with their data network. Sharing resources between the multiple networks can be effective in providing significant cost savings. At a basic level, it must be understood that as a school installs a LAN and puts computer data connections in every classroom, there are little added costs to also concurrently install other types of connections, including telephone lines. * Technology Standard for Connecting to the NII As described in Information Infrastructure Task Force (1994), the NII "promises every . …


This book is part of a popular series on the materials science of MEMS devices, first published in 1999. In the years since, many sophisticated devices have emerged and many aspects of MEMS materials behaviors have been characterized. However, there remain many basic questions about the relationship between process, properties and function for MEMS materials. Experimental methods have been developed, but there REMAINS a lack of standardization that would allow comparison between laboratories and commercial vendors or the creation of materials specifications that would enable greater commercialization of MEMS. The book addresses many of these issues including: RF-MEMS; optical MEMS; MEMS metrology, tribology, materials characterization and mechanical behavior; MEMS surfaces, MEMS reliability, packaging and life assessment; MEMS modeling and software tools for materials integration; biocompatibility of MEMS materials and devices; new materials and fabrication methodologies for MEMS; microfluidics and nanofluidics; in vivo drug/gene/protein delivery; novel actuators; MEMS cell-based systems; MEMS neural interfaces; MEMS sensors; and MEMS microengines and microfuel cells.


Quercitrin (quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity in experimental colitis. Several studies have suggested that vascular injury might be a primary process in Crohn's disease, but there is no information about the function of the mesenteric bed in the experimental models of colitis. The aims of this study were to analyse whether the reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents is altered in the mesenteric vascular bed from animals with colitis induced by administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in the early stages of this pathology, and to determine the effects of quercitrin on such vascular alterations. Contraction of mesenteric beds produced by vasoconstrictor agents such as noradrenaline and KCl is reduced in rats in the early stages of experimental TNBS-induced colitis. This alteration was partially reverted by non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with N-nitro-l-arginine methylester, and enhanced by non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition with indomethacin. However, the endothelium-dependent relaxant responses to acetylcholine were not significantly altered. iNOS, COX-2, NOX-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL1β) expressions were higher in the mesenteric arteries from TNBS-treated rats, without changes in both eNOS expression and eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation. The in vivo pre-treatment with 5 mg kg-1 of the flavonoid quercitrin reverts both the early hyporesponse of mesenteric arteries to noradrenaline and the up-regulation of iNOS, COX2, NOX1, TNFα and IL1β in colitic rats. In conclusion, quercitrin improves the impaired mesenteric vascular reactivity in the acute phase of this colitis model, at least in part by reducing NO overproduction from iNOS.


The Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the most rapidly changing part of the Antarctic ice sheet and could have a significant impact on future sea level rise. However, sea level rise predictions in the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Summary for Policymakers excluded the possible effects of future rapid dynamic changes in ice flow because ice sheet model predictions were not considered to be sufficiently reliable.One approach to testing and refining ice sheet models would be to examine their ability to reproduce ice sheet changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Records of ice margin retreat and ice surface elevation change since the LGM also provide a context for recent changes. Until recently, however, knowledge of the chronology of change in the Amundsen Sea sector of WAIS since the LGM has been based on just seven radiocarbon dates from continental shelf sediment cores collected in 1999 on RV Nathaniel B. Palmer1. These dates indicated that there was already seasonally open water over the middle part of the shelf by 15,800 +/- 3900 radiocarbon years ago, and open water extended to within 100 km of the modern ice margin in Pine Island Bay before 10,150 +/- 370 radiocarbon years ago. Over the past 18 months we have obtained 34 new AMS radiocarbon dates on samples from 25 Amundsen Sea shelf sediment cores collected during research cruises in early 2006 on RRS James Clark Ross and RV Polarstern. Some dates are on carbonate (foraminifera) but most are on the acid insoluble organic fraction. Several dates are on modern surface sediment samples to evaluate the marine reservoir correction and the effect of reworked fossil carbon. We have also obtained the first surface exposure ages from the region by analysing cosmogenic isotopes in samples collected from sites accessed using helicopters operating from RV Polarstern. These ages provide the first data on long-term changes in surface elevation of ice in the Amundsen Sea sector of the WAIS.Our new radiocarbon dates, together with swath bathymetry data collected on the same cruises and some previous cruises2, confirm that the ice grounding line advanced to the continental shelf edge in the Amundsen Sea at the LGM. The retreat of the ice margin to its present position represents a loss of more than 150,000 km2 of ice sheet, i.e. more than 35% of the area that remains in the Amundsen Sea sector of the WAIS. Our new data are generally consistent with the timing of ice margin retreat suggested previously, and in the western part of the embayment most of the retreat to the present ice margin position was certainly complete by early Holocene time. Average rates of retreat and surface elevation change are more than an order of magnitude slower than those observed over recent decades, but we cannot discount the possibility that there might have been previous short-lived episodes of rapid change since the LGM.


Aim/Background: Considering its population, Chile is one of the leading countries in scientific research in Latin America. Historically, ecology and environmental sciences have shown productivity and scientific excellence. Proof of this is the award of public funding to the Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), operational since 2002. Criteria for the allocation of public funds to this Center gave preference to the most productive environmental research group in the country. Thus, scientometric productivity of CASEB researchers may be analyzed critically, before 2002, during its initial (2002-2006) and its final (2007-2011) phases of operation. Results and Conclusion: Before researchers joined CASEB (the 5-year window 1996-2000), their collective median h-index (M) was 6. During the first five years (2002-2006) it dropped to M = 5, while in its final phase (2007-2011) it jumped to M = 12. Published articles increased at an annual percentage growth of 5.7% during its 10 yr operation, while citations did at 6.8%. The direct public investment in CASEB resulted in an increase in the productivity and academic excellence indicators of its 27 researchers. However, significant scientometric changes could only be verified at the end of the decadal funding period. We call this phenomenon "the paradox of enrichment."


Strategic responses to complex and frequent environmental changes must balance the tension between innovative opportunistic search and optimization of operating processes. The ability to survive and thrive depends on an ability to facilitate dispersed exploratory initiatives, test their commercial viability, and exploit the associated business opportunities. However, dispersion of authority requires coordination as well as empowerment calls for extended controls. Hence, there is a tension between the aim of avoiding diversion of corporate resources through tight control of plans and facilitation of decentralized autonomous initiatives searching for opportunities. This prescribes a strategy process that gives direction and forms structure while it at the same time enables innovative behaviors and entrepreneurial initiatives. To this end, the paper outlines an integrative model that combines centrally planned (induced) and decentralized (autonomous) strategy-making with interactive control processes. The strategy and management accounting literatures are synthesized to develop the theoretical underpinning for the model and its proposed outcome effects. It is argued that interaction control of central and dispersed strategymaking creates a dynamic system that drives organizational adaptation. The outmoded strategic control concept is revisited and updated for contemporary responsiveness needs under increasingly turbulent conditions. Finally, the paper lays out a method for an empirical survey-based study that can test the propositions from large-scale corporate sampling.


Article history: Received March 20, 2013 Received in Revised form August, 21, 2013 Accepted 21 August 2013 Available online 21 August 2013 This research gives an overview of an investigation into existing non-destructive testing (NDT) methods used to analyse composite materials. From the investigation and subsequent experimentation a new technique of failure identification in composite materials was developed. The new technique is a form of thermography whereby a temperature rise in a composite material during failure is detected via a thermal camera and a thermal image captured. By observing the thermal images captured of the event the location and the severity of the failure could be gained by only using the thermal images combined with a visual inspection to validate the results. By taking a thermal image and analysing the constituent red, green and blue colours that make up the image, the location of the defect could be pinpointed. This analysis method was developed using MATLAB® in order for the location of a defect to be found using only a thermal image of the composite during failure. The analysis showed that the information that yields the most accurate location of failure was the red part of the images.


We report spectroelectrochemical and transient absorption spectroscopic studies of electron injection from the plant pigment betanin (Bt) to nanocrystalline TiO2. Spectroelectrochemical experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to interpret transient absorption data in terms of excited state absorption of Bt and ground state absorption of oxidation intermediates and products. Comparison of the amplitudes of transient signals of Bt on TiO2 and on ZrO2, for which no electron injection takes place, reveals the signature of two-electron injection from electronically excited Bt to TiO2. Transient signals observed for Bt on TiO2 (in contrast to ZrO2) on the nanosecond time scale reveal the spectral signatures of photo-oxidation products of Bt absorbing in the red and the blue. These are assigned to a one-electron oxidation product formed by recombination of injected electrons with the two-electron oxidation product. We conclude that whereas electron injection is a simultaneous two-el...


Approximately 80%~90% of Taiwanese patients with oral cancer have chewed betel nuts for a long time. Some ingredients of the nuts may mechanically and chemically disrupt the oral mucosa. Matrix metalloprotinase-1 (MMP-1) is considered to be important in degrading the extracellular matrix. Recent studies have shown that the overexpression of MMP-1 is associated with the occurrence, proliferation, and prognosis of oral cancer as well as lymph node metastasis. Most published studies related to MMP-1 have involved patients with oral cancer from outside of Taiwan, and few have concentrated on patients from Taiwan, who are often habitual betel nuts chewers. Therefore, this research, is aimed at patients in Taiwan, analyzed the MMP-1 expression of oral cancer of the patients. The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chi-Mei Medical Center specifically studied 30 patients with oral cancer and a history of betel nut chewing and their relation to MMP-1 expression. In the immunohistochemical staining analysis, MMP-1 expression was higher in the epithelium of tumor tissues in 19 of 30 patients (63.3%). After further statistical analysis (Fisher's exact test), MMP-1 expression has shown to be stronger in late stages (stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ) than in early stages (stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ). In addition, MMP-1 expression also increased with increasing lymph node metastasis staging (from N0 through N1 to N2) and differentiation grade (from G1 through G2 to G3). These results prove the significant role of MMP-1 in betel nut chewing-associated oral cancer, tumor growth, tumor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis.


Modern scientific research problems are getting more and more complicated. Addressing these problems require knowledge and expertise from a wide range of scientific disciplines. The instruments required for modern scientific research problems are also complex and expensive. In addition, the amount of research data generated by experiments on these problems is getter bigger to an extent that might not be manageable by any individual organisations. All of these factors have made global distributed collaborations become increasingly important in modern scientific research. Dealing with distributed collaborations at such a large scale has given rise to a new subject called e-Science.

Grids have been widely accepted as promising infrastructures for e-Science. Grids enable the sharing of large-scale computational resources and experimental datasets in distributed virtual organisations. Web-based collaborative portals are commonly used as environments for interactions amongst distributed collaborators. Collaborators in a Web-based environment are subject to certain level of centralised administration and control. Their interactions have to be routed through a central server. This has been seen as inflexible and does not scale well with respect to the heterogeneity of distributed user communities.

This thesis reports an investigation on a Collaborative e-Science Architecture (CeSA), which is an integration of Grid and Peer-to-Peer computing infrastructures using service oriented architecture, for supporting distributed scientific collaborations. CeSA leverages the advantages of Peer-to-Peer computing in supporting direct collaborations amongst end users and the capability of providing large-scale computational resources and experimental datasets. The investigation addressed two important issues with regard to the CeSA: (i) usability of the CeSA from users' point of view and (ii) an efficient resource discovery mechanism for the Peer-to-Peer environment.

The usability was evaluated using the reaction kinetic research group in Leeds as a case study. An instance of the CeSA was prototyped for the evaluation. Feedback collected from the users was positive.

An adaptive resource discovery approach has been introduced for the P2P collaborative environment of the CeSA. This adaptive approach takes into account the resource distribution and characteristics of scientific research communities. A learning mechanism, based on a classification of user interests using ontology, is used to adaptively route search queries to peers which are most likely to have the answers. Simulation results showed that this approach can efficiently improve query hit rates and also scale well with the increasing of network populations.


Human retinal transplantation has followed many years of experimental research showing that transplanted retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have the potential to rescue photoreceptors (PR).1–3 Histopathological studies have demonstrated integration of cultured cell suspensions in the subretinal space in animals, and blind rats showed regain of functions after RPE transplantation.4 However, it was also demonstrated from several groups that freshly harvested or cultured RPE suspensions may fail to survive or function on aged or damaged Bruch membrane (BM).5–7 An uneven distribution of RPE cells caused the formation of multilayers of RPE alternating with bare areas of basal lamina.8 Furthermore, in a hostile environment, the subfoveally delivered cells have less chance of survival. The inability to grow well on a defective or diseased basal lamina is considered a major problem as to why transplanted RPE cells fail to function for a prolonged period and cannot significantly restore vision in human eyes.9 Today, transplantation of a polarised RPE monolayer as a sheet seems to be more promising.

In human eyes with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a logical consequence is to translocate an autologous RPE BM choroid patch, taken from a more distant location of the same eye.10 11 While some cases have shown good functional results, and visual acuities up to 20/40 can be achieved in single cases with this technique, the overall visual gain reported is about one line, and complications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy are observed …


Atelocollagen (AC), a biomaterial with low antigenicity and high bioaffinity, has been widely used in implantable materials in clinical practice. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that AC is a potential drug carrier for local and systemic delivery of cytokines, growth factors, plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, and microRNA. AC is also believed to have low systemic toxicity on the basis of the safety of implant usage; however, this is not enough determined. Therefore, we performed whole genome expression profiling in mouse liver after systemic administration of AC or the cationic liposome carrier DOTAP/cholesterol (LP) and compared the changes of gene expressions associated with hepatotoxicity. Microarray analysis revealed that systemic LP administration significantly increased expression of toxicity-related genes, i.e., those for lipocalin-2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, serum amyloid A isoforms, chemokine ligands, and granzyme B. Alternatively, AC administration did not alter the expression of any of these genes. Further gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the characteristic annotations extracted from genes upregulated after LP administration, and most of them were related to toxicity annotations such as immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induction. In contrast, GO enrichment analysis of genes induced after AC administration revealed that only three annotations, all of which were unrelated to toxicity. These findings indicate that AC is potentially far less hepatotoxic than LP after systemic administration, suggesting that AC may be an excellent biomaterial for nontoxic drug delivery system carriers.


Abstract This article analyses the Israeli state's attempts to control the images employed during the reporting of the Israeli navy's interception of a flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian aid to Palestine on 31 May 2010. In the ensuing 48 hours, widespread use of footage released by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) ensured that the Israeli state's narrative dominated western reporting of the event. The authors coin the term 'full-spectacle dominance' to describe the Israeli state's strategy in media-managing this event. Drawing on the work of Tagg, Cottle and de Certeau, the article reviews the efficacy of Israel's attempts to prevent the circulation of images that challenge their narrative of events, and the promotion of images which substantiate these narratives. The article argues that mainstream media programmes, such as BBC Panorama's Death in the Med, embedded these images within a biased,pro-Israeli interpretative framework, in contrast to an interpretative framework more sympathetic to the flotilla's participants evident in Al-Jazeera's A Voyage of Life and Death. The article also notes the use of social media platforms by pro-Palestinian bloggers and activists. Their use of this technology allowed images and eyewitness testimony to emerge, which challenged the initial pro-Israeli reporting. Thus, although the Israeli state was largely successful in dominating the reporting of the event, the spectacle of the conflict remained contested.


Most open government data is encoded and published in structured tables found in reports, on the Web, and in spreadsheets or databases. Current approaches to generating Semantic Web representations from such data requires human input to create schemas and often results in graphs that do not follow best practices for linked data. Evidence for a table's meaning can be found in its column headers, cell values, implicit relations between columns, caption and surrounding text but also requires general and domain-specific background knowledge. We describe techniques grounded in graphical models and probabilistic reasoning to infer meaning (semantics) associated with a table using background knowledge from the Linked Open Data cloud. We represent a table's meaning by mapping columns to classes in an appropriate ontology, linking cell values to literal constants, implied measurements, or entities in the linked data cloud (existing or new) and discovering or and identifying relations between columns.


Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents a new approach to the treatment of a variety of water/wastewater streams contaminated with inorganic compounds. ENPAR Technologies Inc. of Canada has developed its DesEL System, which combines high water recoveries with high ion removal efficiencies. The system operates on the principle of capacitive deionization to remove ionic compounds referred to as total dissolved solids (TDS). The results of several bench and pilot tests of capacitive deionization systems are presented. In addition to the removal of general TDS, the system can be configured to preferentially remove monovalent ions. This alternative approach has been used to selectively remove nitrate from groundwater with only minor reductions in overall TDS. Pilot testing of the DesEL system has been conducted on groundwater containing high arsenic levels (0.210 to 0.820 mg/L). The DesEL system was effective at removing the As from the groundwater stream to less than the detection limit of 0.005 mg/L. The DesEL system has proven to be an effective technology for a variety of water and wastewater treatment applications.


Models dealing directly with the raw acoustic speech signal are an alternative to conventional feature-based HMMs. A popular way to model the raw speech signal is by means of an autoregressive (AR) process. Being too simple to cope with the nonlinearity of the speech signal, the AR process is generally embedded into a more elaborate model, such as the switching autoregressive HMM (SAR-HMM). A fundamental issue faced by models based on AR processes is that they are very sensitive to variations in the amplitude of the signal. One way to overcome this limitation is to use gain adaptation to adjust the amplitude by maximising the likelihood of the observed signal. However, adjusting model parameters by maximising test likelihoods is fundamentally outside the framework of standard statistical approaches to machine learning, since this may lead to overfitting when the models are sufficiently flexible. We propose a statistically principled alternative based on an exact Bayesian procedure in which priors are explicitly defined on the parameters of the AR process. Explicitly, we present the Bayesian SAR-HMM and compare the performance of this model against the standard gain-adapted SAR-HMM on a single digit recognition task, showing the effectiveness of the approach and suggesting thereby a principled and straightforward solution to the issue of gain adaptation.


Background : Several di-substituted 2-hydroxyacetamides have shown promising anti-mycobacterial activity. In an attempt for further development of these compounds which are easily synthesized, investigation of the relationship between their physicochemical properties and inhibitory activities appeared of interest. Since lipophilicity as a physicochemical parameter plays an important role on biological activity and drug design, the relationship between partition coefficient as a measure of lipophilicity and antimycobacterial activity of the studied compounds was investigated. Methods: Partition coefficients of 2-hydroxyacetamides a-n measured by the shake flask (log P), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC log k) methods and by theoretical calculation (ClogP) were compared and the relationship between the resulting values and antimycobacterial activities of the studied compounds determined by Alamar Blue Assay was investigated. Results : When all compounds were included in the correlation analyses, no significant relationship between MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and lipophilicity parameters was observed, but HPLC values showed significant correlation with ClogP. The best correlation between MICs and lipophilicity parameters for di-substituted amides g-n which were more active than mono -substituted amides were RP-HPLC based log k and for mono-substituted amides were shake flask log P values which in both cases were not significant. When deviating compounds m and n were excluded from the correlation analyses, for di-substituted amides, correlation between MICs and log k as well as correlation between values of partition coefficient by different methods became significant. Conclusion : Results of this investigation indicates that both ClogP and log k are equally suitable for prediction of partition coefficient.