Although widely regarded as the most influential British radio DJ of the last century, John Peel was also a presenter of speech radio. This article examines his career presenting two BBC Radio 4 speech programmes; 'Offspring' and 'Home Truths'. Research carried out included interviews with radio producers, close listening to selected programmes presented by Peel as well as reviewing the literature on radio presentation and broadcast talk. The evidence shows that Peel's success owed a lot to his ability to create a distinct radio persona, one which inspired a unique listening community. Themes of eccentricity, English nationalism, parenting and ageing were central to 'Home Truths' as were nostalgic references to the past. The article begins with a consideration of some of the relevant literature on radio presentation and DJs followed by an account of Peel's early career. His experience writing for 'Radio Times' is described and the influence this had on his selection to present on Radio 4. There are detailed accounts of the genesis of both 'Offspring' and its successor, 'Home Truths' which explain the roles of women producers in their creation. Peel's persona is discussed with reference to concepts of broadcast talk, discursive space and co-presence.


Following the establishment of an Academic Enabling and Support Centre in January 2010, collegial interactions focused on issues around student performance in their core discipline-specific literacy units, and the University of Notre Dame's (Fremantle campus) support mechanisms, both proactive and reactive. To begin the process of examining the potential relationship between performance in an academic literacy unit and coursework progress, a case study of student performance in, and beyond, a core literacy competency unit in the School of Health Sciences was undertaken. Results revealed that low performance in a core literacy unit was related to poor course progress; however, the use of ATAR scores as predictors of student success was problematic. This case study led to immediate actions which changed practices within the University, and these are more broadly applicable and of interest to the higher education sector. The results in this study are the beginning of parallel studies at this University, and will become the basis for a longitudinal study on the target group identified. Finally, this study provides a shared commitment to the importance of academic literacies for their capacity to shape how students learn, and how students achieve success.


Devised in collaboration with the Open University and Macquarie University, Australia, Analysing English in a Global Context is specifically designed for the postgraduate student market, as well as for teachers of English as a second or foreign language throughout the world. This is a groundbreaking Reader which includes specially commissioned pieces as well as classic texts and provides a global perspective on the changing uses and forms of English and its impact on language teaching contexts. Students' skills in analysing these forms will be developed through an examination of the major functional models and their strengths and weaknesses.


DIARMAID MACCULLOCH. The Boy King: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. xviii + 283, bibliography, index. $27.95. The brevity of King Edward VTs reign notwithstanding, his life and times have provided historians with a wealth of rich material used for historical analysis-and sometimes lor biographical psychoanalysis. This is not altogether surprising: the boy-king stands as the King Tutankhamon of early-modern English history. He took the throne at the age of nine, and died before reaching his sixteenth birthday, yet his reign was no mere period ol transition between the excesses of Henry VIII and the political misadventures of Queen Mary I. His mystique and allure as a figure of history is only compounded by the contradictions of his court: he was perceived by members of the reformed faith as one who would purify the realm and establish a Christian commonwealth, yet the two administrations that ruled in his name were both unhappy admixtures of idealism, zeal, tawdry personal ambitions, blurred policies, and reckless adventurism exceeding anything found in the reigns of Edward's father or sisters. Of course, more than any other Tudor, Edward remains alluringly enigmatic, but by his last year he was developing his own voice politically, beginning to set his own agenda, and evincing the potential to become something of the "young Josiah" that court preachers had for years urged him to emulate. And the passion that he so clearly felt for religious reform and renewal certainly emboldened some of his ministers to pursue innovative policies, the ramifications of which would be felt into the seventeenth century. Diarmaid MacCulloch's The Boy King: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation is a magnificent addition to the scholarly endeavors previously undertaken by W. K. Jordan, Dale Hoak, Felicity Heal, and Jennifer Loach, to name four especially worthy predecessors. MacCulloch's gift for biographic studies, so evident in his earlier monumental life of Thomas Cranmer (1996), brilliantly sets his subject within the broader context of a deepening revolution of religious change initiated in the generation after the break with Rome. While the focus of the study is placed on the Edwardian regime's attempts to achieve a redefinition of English Protestantism by means of government policies, reinvigorated preaching, new liturgical norms, and the disbursal of theological tracts by favored evangelical churchmen, the work is enlivened by MacCulloch' s penchant for vividly-drawn characterizations. …


The Earth's climate is driven by surface incident solar radiation (Rs). Direct measurements have shown that Rs has undergone significant decadal variations. However, a large fraction of the global land surface is not covered by these observations. Satellite-derived Rs has a good global coverage but is of low accuracy in its depiction of decadal variability. This paper shows that daily to decadal variations of Rs, from both aerosols and cloud properties, can be ac- curately estimated using globally available measurements of Sunshine Duration (SunDu). In particular, SunDu shows that since the late 1980's Rs has brightened over Europe due to decreases in aerosols but dimmed over China due to their increases. We found that variation of cloud cover determines Rs at a monthly scale but that aerosols determine the variabil- ity of Rs at a decadal time scale, in particular, over Europe and China. Because of its global availability and long-term history, SunDu can provide an accurate and continuous proxy record of Rs, filling in values for the blank areas that are not covered by direct measurements. Compared to its direct measurement, Rs from SunDu appears to be less sensitive to instrument replacement and calibration, and shows that the widely reported sharp increase in Rs during the early 1990s in China was a result of instrument replacement. By merg- ing direct measurements collected by Global Energy Bud- get Archive with those derived from SunDu, we obtained a good coverage of Rs over the Northern Hemisphere. From this data, the average increase of Rs from 1982 to 2008 is estimated to be 0.87 W m 2 per decade.


There has been considerable recent interest in "cloud storage" wherein a user asks a server to store a large file. One issue is whether the user can verify that the server is actually storing the file, and typically a challenge-response protocol is employed to convince the user that the file is indeed being stored correctly. The security of these schemes is phrased in terms of an extractor which will recover or retrieve the file given any "proving algorithm" that has a sufficiently high success probability. This paper treats proof-of-retrievability schemes in the model of unconditional security, where an adversary has unlimited computational power. In this case retrievability of the file can be modelled as error-correction in a certain code. We provide a general analytical framework for such schemes that yields exact (non-asymptotic) reductions that precisely quantify conditions for extraction to succeed as a function of the success probability of a proving algorithm, and we apply this analysis to several archetypal schemes. In addition, we provide a new methodology for the analysis of keyed POR schemes in an unconditionally secure setting, and use it to prove the security of a modified version of a scheme due to Shacham and Waters under a slightly restricted attack model, thus providing the first example of a keyed POR scheme with unconditional security. We also show how classical statistical techniques can be used to evaluate whether the responses of the prover are accurate enough to permit successful extraction. Finally, we prove a new lower bound on storage and communication complexity of POR schemes. ∗D. Stinson's research is supported by NSERC discovery grant 203114-11


Accelerators Driven Systems (ADS) are an innovative type of nuclear system, which is useful for long-lived fission product transmutation and fuel regeneration. The ADS consist of a coupling of a sub-critical nuclear core reactor and a proton beam produced by a particle accelerator. These particles are injected into a target for neutrons production by spallation reactions. The neutrons are then used to maintain the fission chain in the subcritical core. The aim of this study is to investigate the nuclear fuel evolution of a lead cooled accelerator driven system used for energy production and high-level waste transmutation. The fuel studied is a mixture based upon 232Th-233U and Pu-MA extracted from PWR spent. The target is a lead spallation target and the core is filled with a hexagonal lattice. In order to reduce the negative reactivity caused by the presence of protactinium, moderator is not used. In this work is used the Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6.0, that presents the depletion/burnup capability, combining a ADS source and kcode-mode. The keff evolution, the neutron energy spectra in the core and the nuclear fuel depletion during the burnup are evaluated. Keywords: ADS, thorium, MCNPX.


M1 mouse myeloid leukemia cells exhibit growth arrest and differentiation to monocytes/macrophages in response to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulation. Although recent studies have demonstrated that STAT3 plays a central role in this process, it is unknown whether STAT3 activation alone is sufficient. To address this issue, we have established M1/STAT3ER cells, where STAT3 is selectively activated by 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT). 4HT stimulation did not have any effect on growth and morphology of M1/ STAT3ER cells, and did not induce the down-regulation of mRNA of c-myc and c-myb, which is necessary for M1 cell differentiation. On the other hand, mRNA of jun-B, IRF1 and p19 was increased by 4HT. DNA precipitation assay indicated that both stimulation of LIF and 4HT similarly activated STAT3ER. Introduction of a constitutive active MAP kinase kinase (MEK1) into M1/STAT3ER cells did not induce differentiation either. Together, our present data suggest that signaling other than the activation of STAT3 and MEK1 may be necessary for M1 cell-growth arrest and differentiation, while a set of early genes of LIF are induced by only STAT3 activation.


When a public problem is perceived to be poorly addressed by current policy, it is often the case that credible alternative policies are proposed to both the status quo's left and right. Specially designed national surveys show that in circumstances like these, many Americans' preferences are not single-peaked on the standard left-right dimension. Rather, they simply want the government to "do something" about the problem and therefore prefer both liberal and conservative policies to the moderate status quo. This produces individual and collective preferences that are double-peaked with respect to the left-right dimension. Double-peakedness is less prevalent on issues where no consensus exists regarding policy goals, and it increases when exogenous events raise the public's concern about the seriousness of a policy problem.


This paper outlines a proposal for research into fulfilling the need for reliable software algorithms to compute the standard uncertainty of surface texture parameters. The target will be to develop a library of software algorithms for the sole purpose of safely calculating surface parameters from ISO standards. The research pays particular attention to the propagation of measurement uncertainty through each parameter, something which has not been thoroughly addressed in this field. By taking existing methodologies to express the uncertainty of measurement the endeavour is to tailor a new method that will specifically address the special issues concerned with determining surface texture parameters from nano-scale surfaces.


Abstract : Organizations are complex systems. They are also information processing systems comprised of a large number of agents such as human beings. Combining these perspectives and recognizing the essential non-linear dynamics that are at work leads to the standard non-linear multi-agent system conclusions such as: history matters, organizational behavior and form is path dependent, complex behavior emerges from individual interaction, and change is inevitable. Such a view while descriptive, is still far from the level of specificity and predictive richness that is necessary for organizational theory. To increase the specificity and value of our theories we will need to take into account more of the actual attributes of tasks, resources, knowledge and human cognition. In doing so, it will be possible to achieve a more adequate description of organizations as complex computational systems. More importantly, we will also achieve a greater ability to theorize about the complexity of organizational behavior. This paper describes complexity theory and computational organization theory. Then a description of organizations as complex computational systems is presented and operationalized as a computational model. Within this perspective, organizational behavior results form the actions of heterogeneous actors, the boundaries between agents, tasks, and resources are permeable, organizational roles emerge, organizational groups are networks, and information technology plays a key role as an interactive agents.


The Nietzsche Online database gives access to the complete edition of the works and letters of Friedrich Nietzsche by Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari, together with virtually all of the publications that have been published by De Gruyter on Nietzsche's works and reception. We are talking of more than 100,000 book pages. However, the research platform offers considerably more than the sum of its print content. In fact, electronic editions have themselves a pyramidal structure, whose apex is the reconstructed text, which is always arbitrary in some measure, just as it is arbitrary the notion of an intentio auctoris


Friction properties being influenced by scale effects are simulated in the paper by the example of polymer composite material made from Ultra High-Molecular Weight Polyethylenes (UHMWPE) filled by calcium stearate (C36H70CaO4). Of interest are the composites whose mechanical properties and tribotechnical characteristics do not depend monotonically on filler (inclusions) weight fraction. In order to describe the influence of scale effects onto frictional properties the model based on Reiss averaging (model of "weak phase") is employed. It is also suggested that when gradient elasticity theory is applicable the formal analogy between effective friction coefficient for surface heterogeneous structures and effective mechanical properties (compliances) for heterogeneous material can take place. Theoretical dependence to describe nonmonotonic change of effective friction coefficient versus filler concentration was obtained for the polymer composites under study. The suggested expressions might be useful for the sake of properties prognosis of antifriction polymeric materilas.


Abstract. Dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages have been widely used over the Arctic Ocean to reconstruct sea-surface parameters on a quantitative basis. Such reconstructions provide insights into the role of anthropogenic vs natural forcings in the actual climatic trend. Here, we present the palynological analysis of a dated 36 cm-long core collected from the Mackenzie Trough in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Dinocyst assemblages were used to quantitatively reconstruct the evolution of sea-surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea ice) and freshwater palynomorphs fluxes were used as local paleo-river discharge indicators over the last ~ 150 yr. Dinocyst assemblages are dominated by autotrophic taxa (68 to 96%). Cyst of Pentapharsodinium dalei is the dominant species throughout most of the core, except at the top where the assemblages are dominated by Operculodinium centrocarpum. Quantitative reconstructions of sea-surface parameters display a series of relatively warm, lower sea ice and saline episodes in surface waters, alternately with relatively cool and low salinity episodes. Variations of dinocyst fluxes and reconstructed sea-surface conditions may be closely linked to large scale atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and to a lesser degree, the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Positive phases of the PDO correspond to increases of dinocyst fluxes, warmer and saltier surface waters, which we associate with upwelling events of warm and relatively saline water from Pacific origin. Freshwater palynomorph fluxes increased in three phases from AD 1857 until reaching maximum values in AD 1991, suggesting that the Mackenzie River discharge followed the same trend when its discharge peaked between AD 1989 and AD 1992. The PDO mode seems to dominate the climatic variations at multi-annual to decadal timescales in the western Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea areas.


Norway is one of the top spenders on health care among OECD countries in per capita terms but much closer to the average when seen as a share of GDP. The question is to what extent these two key measures are compatible, and how Norway really measures up to other relevant high-income countries in health spending. In considering the latter, Norway allocates more to long-term care services than any other country. So how comparable are countries in the measurement of sectors such as long-term care and does this play a key role in determining overall spending estimates? Delving further, how does spending on the key sector of somatic specialist health care compared to other countries? If too much is spent, there is a risk that there is an over-emphasis on hospitals compared to primary care. On the other hand if there are too little resources in hospitals, there may be an over-expectation from the sector. However, estimates of spending based on inpatient care still mask a number of organisational and accounting differences, requiring adjustments to be made to the underlying figures. The resulting figures provide a new insight into cross-country comparisons and trends of somatic hospital spending. Finally, to determine what is explaining the different levels of spending, the appropriate use of international spatial deflators is discussed. Recent advances in the methodology to compile comparative price information for the health and hospital sectors are used to reveal to what extent spending across the comparator countries is the result of price or volume effects.


Generating triangular meshes from images is a task important to many applications. Usually, techniques that can do that either take as starting point a segmented image or generate a mesh without distinguishing different structures contained in the image. In both cases the results can be satisfactory for a number of applications, but the pre-segmentation and the absence of well defined structures imply in difficulties using the resulting mesh for simulations. Furthermore, guarantee of good quality meshes is also a common problem in previous results. In this work we present a new technique for mesh generation that handles these problems well. First, it eliminates the need for pre-processing by building the segmentation into the mesh generation process. Second, the mesh generation process takes into acount the quality of the mesh elements, producing as result meshes of better quality than previous techniques.


The American Dream which boasts equal opportunity, meritocracy, and prosperity in accordance with an individual's hard work and dedication continues to instill hope in upward social mobility. Understanding social mobility necessitates an examination of individuals' or groups' ability to move upward or downward in status based on wealth, occupation, education, or some other social variable ("Social mobility," n.d.). Accordingly, social mobility within a hierarchical status system like the United States parallels inequality and presents challenges for underrepresented populations. More specifically, there is a gap that exists in the perceptions, generalizations, and realizations of social mobility for Black men in America resulting in a dichotomous disparity that is perplexing and adds to some of the greatest challenges and barriers to social mobility facing Black men. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to employ a cognitive lens to examine factors affecting the social mobility experiences of Black men throughout their educational and occupational pursuits, and/or community involvement; ultimately giving voice to a traditionally marginalized group. Cognitive problem solving styles, decision making, performed behaviors, and diverse social interactions were explored within the context of negotiating overarching stereotypes, overcoming barriers, making good decisions, and persisting towards social mobility. The conceptual framework for the study took into account cognitive function, race, and resilience by way of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation Theory, Critical Race Theory, and Resilience Theory, respectively. The study findings offer counter-narratives to rebuff dominant ideology about Black men in society, facilitate an understanding of values and motivators, introduce characteristics that aid social mobility, and may inform strategies, policies, and programing that affect Black men. Recommendations for further research are also offered.


is an International refereed research publishing journal with a focused aim of promoting and publishing original high quality research dealing with theoretical and scientific aspects of applied and conceptual research. The Journal aims to publish original work of importance in any field of applied sciences (the areas are not limited to the following): Biology, Chemistry, Health sciences, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Geology, Social Sciences, Business, Industrial research, Computer Science, Physics, Zoology, Agriculture and Forestry, Environmental sciences, Statistics, Engineering, Natural sciences, Management, Political Science, Economics.


Here is a quirky look at one hundred of New York's offbeat shops and shop windows. The businesses featured range from such Manhattan mainstays as Macy's and Katz's Delicatessen to the idiosyncratic, including the 99' store on East 14th Street, or Dr Rico Perez's drugstore in the Bronx. At a time when much of New York is succumbing to the uniformity of the mall and the ubiquity of the chainstore, this book is a precious record of the shops that are bucking the trend.


The authors would like to thank Gusev (2016; hereafter referred to as Gu16) for his interest in our work (Bindi and Parolai, 2015; hereafter referred to as BP15) and for providing additional information about the methodology followed to prepare the hazard map for northern Eurasia included in the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) model (Ulomov and the GSHAP region 7 Working Group, 1999, hereafter referred to as Ul99; Zhang et al. , 1999).

The main interest of BP15 was to compare two probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis approaches, namely the Riznichenko (1965) and the Cornell (1968, 1971) methods, which differ in the way they account for the aleatoric uncertainty. Although Gu16 agrees with the main conclusions of BP15 ("Another possible cause of the discussed discrepancy is certain difference between hazard calculation procedures of Riznichenko and Cornell. Both these observations of BP15 seem to be relevant, and need not be commented."), he raises some criticisms against the discussions developed in BP15 regarding the GSHAP overestimation of the hazard level in central Asia ("Both assertments of BP15: that Ul99 hazard estimates are substantially exaggerated, and that this alleged fact is related to the use of Riznichenko (1965) procedures are incorrect."). Here, it is worth remembering that, first, the overestimation of the Ul99 results is not an original statement of BP15, but, as also mentioned by Gu16, it was originally observed by Zhang et al. (1999) when compiling the GSHAP map, and, second, the Riznichenko approach followed in preparing the hazard map for northern Eurasia was a working hypothesis tested in BP15, not an absolute statement. Indeed, this hypothesis was inspired directly by Ul99 ("We calculate seismic hazard using an algorithm and software code designed by Gusev, Pavlov and Shumilina, following the principles of Riznichenko (1965) and Cornell (1968).").

Considering …


According to the traditional philosophical definition, you lie if and only if you assert what you believe to be false with the intent to deceive. However, several philosophers (e.g., Carson 2006, Sorensen 2007, Fallis 2009) have pointed out that there are lies that are not intended to deceive and, thus, that the traditional definition fails. In 2009, I suggested an alternative definition: you lie if and only if you say what you believe to be false when you believe that one of Paul Grice's conversational norms ("Do not say what you believe to be false") is in effect. Paul Faulkner (forthcoming), Andreas Stokke (forthcoming), and Alexander Pruss (2012) have subsequently argued that my 2009 definition fails as well because it counts some statements that are clearly not lies as being lies. In this paper, I identify some additional counter-examples of this sort. But I argue that my 2009 definition can easily be revised to deal with such counter-examples once we clarify that the relevant norm is really against communicating something false rather than against merely saying it. Nevertheless, I show that even this revised version of my 2009 definition fails because it counts some statements that are lies as not being lies. Lies told by young children — which uncontroversially count as lies on the traditional philosophical definition — suggest that lying (as well as asserting in general) does not require believing that such a norm is in effect. Even so, I claim that, since all liars intend to do something that would violate this norm if it were in effect, there is a successful definition of lying that is at least in the spirit of my 2009 definition.


The problem is in the way the Wikipedia has come to be regarded and used; how it's been elevated to such importance so quickly. And that is part of the larger pattern of the appeal of a new online collectivism that is nothing less than a resurgence of the idea that the collective is all-wise, that it is desirable to have influence concentrated in a bottleneck that can channel the collective with the most verity and force. This is different from representative democracy, or meritocracy. This idea has had dreadful consequences when thrust upon us from the extreme Right or the extreme Left in various historical periods. The fact that it's now being re-introduced today by prominent technologists and futurists, people who in many cases I know and like, doesn't make it any less dangerous.


Purpose of the paper : With the purpose of fostering a continuous improvement policy in the 25 services provided by the University of Oviedo aimed at increasing the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of these services, the Technical Quality Unit has drawn up a specific Quality Plan for Services. The main goals are: - To foster public information on the services provided and on the quality commitments assumed in their provision via the drawing up of Service Charters to users. - To improve the quality and efficiency of the services provided to users through the implementation of an Internal Quality Assurance System. - The obtaining of external accreditations. Methodology : We have followed the recommendations of the Spanish Royal Decree 951/2005 of 29 July, establishing the general framework for improving quality in General State Administration and UNE standard 93. 200:2008 (Requirements of the service charters) to design service charters. In relation to the design of Quality Management Systems (QMS), we used the ISO 9001:2008. Findings : The monitoring of these quality commitments is carried out by means of 273 indicators. A software application has been designed to facilitate the uploading of data by users, the exploitation of results and the subsequent decision-making process. A pilot-test has been jointly carried out with the Research Service in the design of its Internal Quality Assurance System. Support is currently being provided to different services in the day-to-day job of adopting the aforementioned continuous improvement policy. Research limits : The 25 services provided by the University of Oviedo. Practical implications : The QMS must to be transversal to the entire University, including all the Areas. This premise is essential to implement a culture of quality in the University. Originality of the study : The developed application is equipped with "Cloud" technology. It gives advantages in terms of mobility, as it can access the platform from any device with internet connection. Key words: university services; service charter; quality management systems; EFQM; Quality Plan.


The formation of toxic surface blooms of the motile raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo often occurs too quickly to be attributed to cell reproduction. Rapid appearance of surface blooms is more consistent with the hypothesis that a dispersed cell population aggregates at the surface due to a combination of physical factors and swimming behavior. Because of the frequent association of Heterosigma bloom formation with a decrease in surface salinity, we hypothesize that a layer of low- salinity water over a high-salinity layer will suppress nearsurface vertical mixing and this halocline will enable up-swimming cells to rapidly aggregate at the surface. For this hypothesis to be viable, Heterosigma cells must be able to swim across salinity jumps of a sufficient magnitude to temporarily suppress vertical mixing. We tested whether this requirement is satisfied by using computerized video analysis to quantify swimming behavior and vertical distribution of Heterosigma within a verti- cal salinity structure. Swimming behavior is affected by the presence of a salinity jump and depends on the strength of the jump: cells stopped swimming upwards and aggregated below a fresh water in- terface; cells reduced upward swimming speed with a salinity jump from 28 to 8‰, and upward swimming speed was unchanged in cells encountering a salinity jump from 28 to 16‰. We used ob- served swimming behaviors to parameterize a model of a 2-layer stratified water column in which vertical mixing is suppressed at the halocline and modeled by eddy diffusivity within each layer. The model predicts rapid aggregation of cells to the surface layer.


Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emitted from vegetation are important for the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. Therefore, BVOC emission are an important input for air quality models. To model these emissions with high spatial resolution, the accuracy of the underlying vegetation inventory is crucial. We present a BVOC emission model that accommodates different vegetation inventories and uses satellite-based measurements of greenness instead of pre-defined vegetation periods. This approach to seasonality implicitly treats effects caused by water or nutrient availability, altitude and latitude on a plant stand. Additionally, we test the influence of proposed seasonal variability in enzyme activity on BVOC emissions. In its present setup, the emission model calculates hourly emissions of isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and the oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC) methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone and acetic acid. In this study, emissions based on three different vegetation inventories are compared with each other and diurnal and seasonal variations in Europe are investigated for the year 2006. Two of these vegetation inventories require information on tree-cover as an input. We compare three different land-cover inventories (USGS GLCC, GLC2000 and Globcover 2.2) with respect to tree-cover. The often-used USGS GLCC land-cover inventory leads to a severe reduction of BVOC emissions due to a potential miss-attribution of broad-leaved trees and reduced tree-cover compared to the two other land-cover inventories. To account for uncertainties in the land-cover classification, we introduce land-cover correction factors for each relevant land-use category to adjust the tree-cover. The results are very sensitive to these factors within the plausible range. For June 2006, total monthly BVOC emissions decreased up to −27% with minimal and increased up to +71% with maximal factors, while in January 2006, the changes in monthly BVOC emissions were −54 and +56% with minimal and maximal factors, respectively. The new seasonality approach leads to a reduction in the annual emissions compared with non-adjusted data. The strongest reduction occurs in OVOC (up to −32 %), the weakest in isoprene (as little as −19 %). If also enzyme seasonality is taken into account, however, isoprene reacts with the steepest decrease of annual emissions, which are reduced by −44% to −49 %, annual emissions of monoterpenes reduce between −30 and −35 %. The sensitivity of the model to changes in temperature depends on the climatic zone but not on the vegetation inventory. The sensitivity is higher for temperature increases of 3K (+31% to +64 %) than decreases by the same amount (−20 to −35 %). The climatic zones "Cold except summer" and "arid" are most sensitive to temperature changes in January for isoprene and monoterpenes, respectively, while in June, "polar" is most sensitive to temperature for both isoprene and monoterpenes. Our model predicts the oxygenated volatile organic compounds to be the most abundant fraction of the annual European emissions (3571–5328 Gg yr−1), followed by monoterpenes (2964–4124 Gg yr−1), isoprene (1450–2650 Gg yr−1) and sesquiterpenes (150–257 Gg yr−1). We find regions with high isoprene emissions (most notably the Iberian Peninsula), but overall, oxygenated VOC dominate with 43–45% (depending on the vegetation inventory) contribution to the total annual BVOC emissions in Europe. Isoprene contributes between 18–21 %, monoterpenes 33–36% and sesquiterpenes contribute 1–2 %.We compare the concentrations of biogenic species simulated by an air quality model with measurements of isoprene and monoterpenes in Hohenpeissenberg (Germany) for both summer and winter. The agreement between observed and modelled concentrations is better in summer than in winter. This can partly be explained with the difficulty to model weather conditions in winter accurately, but also with the increased anthropogenic influence on the concentrations of BVOC compounds in winter. Our results suggest that land-cover inventories used to derive tree-cover must be chosen with care. Also, uncertainties in the classification of land-cover pixels must be taken into account and remain high. This problem must be addressed together with the remote sensing community. Our new approach using a greenness index for addressing seasonality of vegetation can be implemented easily in existing models. The importance of OVOC for air quality should be more deeply addressed by future studies, especially in smog chambers. Also, the fate of BVOC from the dominant region of the Iberian Peninsula should be studied more in detail.


Book synopsis: Love—unconditional, selfless, unchanging, sincere, and totally accepting—is worshipped today as the West's only universal religion. To challenge it is one of our few remaining taboos. In this pathbreaking and superbly written book, philosopher Simon May does just that, dissecting our resilient ruling ideas of love and showing how they are the product of a long and powerful cultural heritage.

Tracing over 2,500 years of human thought and history, May shows how our ideal of love developed from its Hebraic and Greek origins alongside Christianity until, during the last two centuries, "God is love" became "love is God"—so hubristic, so escapist, so untruthful to the real nature of love, that it has booby-trapped relationships everywhere with deluded expectations. Brilliantly, May explores the very different philosophers and writers, both skeptics and believers, who dared to think differently: from Aristotle's perfect friendship and Ovid's celebration of sex and "the chase," to Rousseau's personal authenticity, Nietzsche's affirmation, Freud's concepts of loss and mourning, and boredom in Proust. Against our belief that love is an all-powerful solution to finding meaning, security, and happiness in life, May reveals with great clarity what love actually is: the intense desire for someone whom we believe can ground and affirm our very existence. The feeling that "makes the world go round" turns out to be a harbinger of home--and in that sense, of the sacred.


Title of Document: CALCIUM BINDING PROTEINS AND GAD IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF GEKKO GECKO KAI YAN, Master of Science, 2008 Directed By: Professor Catherine E. Carr Department of Biology Geckos use vocalizations for intraspecific communication, but little is known about the organization of their central auditory system. We therefore used immunohistochemical techniques to delineate the auditory nuclei of the hindbrain, midbrain and thalamus. We used antibodies against the calcium binding proteins calretinin (CR), parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D28k (CB) as well as antibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) and synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2). Western blots showed that all five antibodies were specific within gecko brain. The fluorescence double labeling of calcium binding proteins yielded partly overlapping but mostly complementary distributions in the gecko auditory pathway. The differential expression of all calcium binding proteins and GAD, as well as SV2, characterized the structures of the gecko auditory system. The results indicate that the auditory structures and organization in Gekko gecko bear many similarities to the other land vertebrates. CALCIUM BINDING PRTOTEINS AND GAD IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF GEKKO GECKO


Caches have become increasingly important with the widening gap between main memory and processor speeds. Small and fast cache memories are designed to bridge this discrepancy. However, they are only effective when programs exhibit sufficient data locality. Performance of memory hierarchy can be improved by means of data and loop transformations. Tiling is a loop transformation that aims at reducing capacity misses by exploiting reuse at the lower levels of cache. Padding is a data transformation targeted to reduce conflict misses. We present an accurate cost model which makes use of the cache miss equations (CMEs) to guide tiling and padding transformations. It describes misses across different hierarchy levels and considers the effects of other hardware components such as branch predictors. We combine the cost model with a genetic algorithm (GA) to select the tile and pad factors that enhance the program. Our results show that this scheme is useful to optimize programs' performance. When compared to previous works, we observe that with a reasonable compile-time overhead, our approach obtains significant performance improvements for all studied kernels on a variety of architectures.


Rapid and innovative advances in participative Internet communications, referred to as "social media," offer opportunities for modifying health behavior. Social media let users choose to be either anonymous or identified. People of all demographics are adopting these technologies whether on their computers or through mobile devices, and they are increasingly using these social media for health-related issues. Although social media have considerable potential as tools for health promotion and education, these media, like traditional health promotion media, require careful application and may not always achieve their desired outcomes. This article summarizes current evidence and understanding of using social media for health promotion. More important, it discusses the need for evaluating the effectiveness of various forms of social media and incorporating outcomes research and theory in the design of health promotion programs for social media.


Abstract Explanations for the failure to predict Donald Trump's win in the 2016 Presidential election sometimes include the "Shy Trump Supporter" hypothesis, according to which some Trump supporters succumb to social desirability bias and hide their vote preference from pollsters. I evaluate this hypothesis by comparing direct question and list experimental estimates of Trump support in a nationally representative survey of 5290 American adults fielded from September 2 to September 13, 2016. Of these, 32.5% report supporting Trump's candidacy. A list experiment conducted on the same respondents yields an estimate 29.6%, suggesting that Trump's poll numbers were not artificially deflated by social desirability bias as the list experiment estimate is actually lower than direct question estimate. I further investigate differences across measurement modes for relevant demographic and political subgroups and find no evidence in support of the "Shy Trump Supporter" hypothesis.


The field of plant genome assembly has greatly benefited from the development and widespread adoption of next-generation DNA sequencing platforms. Very high sequenc‐ ing throughputs and low costs per nucleotide have considerably reduced the technical and budgetary constraints associated with early assembly projects done primarily with a traditional Sanger-based approach. Those improvements led to a sharp increase in the number of plant genomes being sequenced, including large and complex genomes of eco‐ nomically important crops. Although next-generation DNA sequencing has considerably improved our understanding of the overall structure and dynamics of many plant ge‐ nomes, severe limitations still remain because next-generation DNA sequencing reads typically are shorter than Sanger reads. In addition, the software tools used to de novo assemble sequences are not necessarily designed to optimize the use of short reads. These cause challenges, common to many plant species with large genome sizes, high repeat contents, polyploidy and genome-wide duplications. This chapter provides an overview of historical and current methods used to sequence and assemble plant genomes, along with new solutions offered by the emergence of technologies such as single molecule se‐ quencing and optical mapping to address the limitations of current sequence assemblies.


At the turn of the century R. G. Roble advanced an ambitious program of developing an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) extending from the surface to the exosphere. He outlined several areas of research and application to potentially benefit from what is now commonly called whole atmosphere modeling. The purpose of this article is to introduce this new field to a broader geophysical community and document its progress over the last decade. Vertically extended models are commonly built from existing weather and climate GCM codes incorporating a number of approximations, which may no longer be valid. Promising directions of further model development, potential applications, and challenges are outlined. One application is space weather or day‐to‐day and seasonal variability in the ionosphere and thermosphere driven by meteorological processes from below. Various modes of connection between the lower and upper atmosphere had been known before, but new and sometimes unexpected observational evidence has emerged over the last decade. Persistent "nonmigrating" wavy structures in plasma and neutral densities and a dramatic response of the equatorial ionosphere to sudden warmings in the polar winter stratosphere are just two examples. Because large‐scale meteorological processes are predictable several days in advance, whole atmosphere weather prediction models open an opportunity for developing a real forecast capability for space weather.


We present a fully automatic method for music classification , based only on compression of strings that represent the music pieces. The method uses no background knowledge ab out music whatsoever: it is completely general and can, without change, be used in different areas like ling uistic classification and genomics. It is based on an ideal theory of the information content in individual objec ts (Kolmogorov complexity), information distance, and a universal similarity metric. Experiments show that the met hod distinguishes reasonably well between various musical genres and can even cluster pieces by composer.


INTRODUCTION
The objective was to assess the management, and short- and longer-term outcome of patients presenting with an acute blue finger.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective, case-note review and prospective follow-up by telephone and general practitioner enquiry. All patients who presented with sudden onset blue discolouration of a finger within the previous 72 h, with normal radial and ulnar pulses, were included.

RESULTS
From 2000 to 2006, 22 patients, 15 female, 7 male, were reviewed. Median age was 56 years (range, 19-88 years). Median time from onset of blue finger was 6 days (range 1 day to 3 months). In most cases (17), no underlying cause was identified. Five patients had an underlying cause; two had symptoms compatible with Raynaud's phenomenon, one patient had signs (later confirmed on MRA) of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome and two had polycythaemia (haemoglobin > 17 g/dl). Otherwise, all laboratory investigations were normal. Upper limb duplex, echocardiogram and 24-h cardiac tapes were normal in all cases. Median follow-up was 19 months. Three patients had recurrent symptoms in the finger. No patient suffered tissue loss or loss of digit(s), and none had stroke or arterial embolisation.

CONCLUSIONS
The acute blue finger is a benign condition not suggestive of arterial embolisation. Tissue or digit loss is not a threat and, in the longer term, there is no threat of embolisation to other vascular sites.


In closed‐canopy tropical forest understory, light availability is a significant determinant of habitat diversity because canopy structure is highly variable in most tropical forests. Consequently, variation in canopy cover affects the composition and distribution of plant species via creating variable light environments. Nevertheless, little is known about how variation in canopy openness structures patterns of plant–animal interactions. Because of the great diversity and dominance of ants in tropical environments, we used ant–plant interactions as a focal network to evaluate how variation in canopy cover influences patterns of plant–insect interactions in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest. We observed that small increases in canopy openness are associated with increased diversity of ant–plant interactions in our study area, and this change is independent of plant or ant species richness. Additionally, we found smaller niche overlap for both ants and plants associated with greater canopy openness. We hypothesize that enhanced light availability increases the breadth of ant foraging sources because variation in light availability gives rise to plant resources of different quality and amounts. Moreover, greater light availability promotes vegetative growth in plants, creating ant foraging 'bridges' between plants. In sum, our results highlight the importance of environmental heterogeneity as a determinant of ant–plant interaction diversity in tropical environments.


Models and observations of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO ≃ O2 + 1.1 * CO2) are used to investigate the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on air‐sea O2 exchange. An atmospheric transport inversion of APO data from the Scripps flask network shows significant interannual variability in tropical APO fluxes that is positively correlated with the Niño3.4 index, indicating anomalous ocean outgassing of APO during El Niño. Hindcast simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace model show similar APO sensitivity to ENSO, differing from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model, which shows an opposite APO response. In all models, O2 accounts for most APO flux variations. Detailed analysis in CESM shows that the O2 response is driven primarily by ENSO modulation of the source and rate of equatorial upwelling, which moderates the intensity of O2 uptake due to vertical transport of low‐O2 waters. These upwelling changes dominate over counteracting effects of biological productivity and thermally driven O2 exchange. During El Niño, shallower and weaker upwelling leads to anomalous O2 outgassing, whereas deeper and intensified upwelling during La Niña drives enhanced O2 uptake. This response is strongly localized along the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, leading to an equatorial zonal dipole in atmospheric anomalies of APO. This dipole is further intensified by ENSO‐related changes in winds, reconciling apparently conflicting APO observations in the tropical Pacific. These findings suggest a substantial and complex response of the oceanic O2 cycle to climate variability that is significantly (>50%) underestimated in magnitude by ocean models.


This article considers the recent Hong Kong Court of Appeal decision of Citic Pacific Limited v Secretary for Justice and Commissioner of Police, concerning the scope of legal advice privilege. In departing from the UK position, it was held that all documents gathered or brought into existence for the dominant purpose of obtaining legal advice are protected by legal advice privilege. This is to be welcomed for three reasons. Firstly, the dominant purpose test sits in line with the normative rationale of legal advice privilege. Secondly, the UK position is flawed as a matter of authority. Thirdly, although the 'dominant purpose' test appears difficult to apply, it is preferable to the competing alternatives of the sole purpose test and the substantial purpose test. In terms of the practical application of the privilege, it is submitted that the Court of Appeal should have set out a list of guidelines to supplement the dominant purpose test.


The mod-p cohomology of any group is a module over the steenrod algebra, hence it is naturally that this algebra plays a great important role in the theory of group cohomology. This dissertation describes the method and its implementation in the computer algebra system Sage for computing the Steenrod Operations on the mod-2 cohomology rings of finite groups. We often us the detection method to relate the Steenrod operations on the cohomology rings of a given groupto the ones of its subgroups. In case the detection methos does not work, we shall try the computations using combinatorially the inflation, the transfer map and the comodule map. There are some certain cases that the above methods are not enough but the order of group is appropriate, then we shall use the Evens norm map to generate the Steenrod operations. In the dissertation, we also discribe our implementations to calculate the transfer and the Evens norm map. We obtain from the first run of our Sage package the Steenrod operations on the mod-2 cohomology ring of the Mathieu group M22, and 49 groups of the 51 groups of order 32. The remaining cases of the groups of 32 will be completed soon.


We present a system that jointly harnesses large-scale electronic health records data and a concept graph mined from the medical literature to guide drug repurposing—the process of applying known drugs in new ways to treat diseases. Our study is unique in methods and scope, per the scale of the concept graph and the quantity of data. We harness 10 years of nation-wide medical records of more than 1.5 million people and extract medical knowledge from all of PubMed, the world's largest corpus of online biomedical literature. We employ links on the concept graph to provide causal signals to prioritize candidate influences between medications and target diseases. We show results of the system on studies of drug repurposing for hypertension and diabetes. In both cases, we present drug families identified by the algorithm which were previously unknown. We verify the results via clinical expert opinion and by prospective clinical trials on hypertension.


Responsive teaching is a highly effective strategy that promotes student learning. In math classrooms, teachers might {emph{funnel} students towards a normative answer or {emph{focus} students to reflect on their own thinking depending their understanding of math concepts. When teachers focus, they treat students' contributions as resources for collective sensemaking, and thereby significantly improve students' achievement and confidence in mathematics. We propose the task of computationally detecting funneling and focusing questions in classroom discourse. We do so by creating and releasing an annotated dataset of 2,348 teacher utterances labeled for funneling and focusing questions, or neither. We introduce supervised and unsupervised approaches to differentiating these questions. Our best model, a supervised RoBERTa model fine-tuned on our dataset, has a strong linear correlation of .76 with human expert labels and with positive educational outcomes, including math instruction quality and student achievement, showing the model's potential for use in automated teacher feedback tools. Our unsupervised measures show significant but weaker correlations with human labels and outcomes, and they highlight interesting linguistic patterns of funneling and focusing questions. The high performance of the supervised measure indicates its promise for supporting teachers in their instruction.


The study investigates representations of masculinities in modern Mainland Chinese cinema from the early reform period to the year 2000. It argues that masculinities from this era are `on the run'; that is, male protagonists' ambiguous relationships with dominant discourses of nation, history and new formulations of subjectivity cause them either to flee from Maoist collective identity categories or more actively to move towards discourses of the sovereignty of the individual brought into China with the `opening up' policies enacted after the Chairman's death. The social and cultural upheavals represented in these films create an atmosphere of uncertainty in which little is solid or settled: for example, although filmmakers may represent their male protagonists rushing from ideas of Maoist manhood, these ambitions and identity figurations, active in the public imagination for so long, still structure male identity, and even male rebellion, acting as reins pulling at the individual agency male filmmakers may try so hard to trace on screen. The result is a recent history of
representation in which male characters stand as symbols for their nation's central dilemma, as it wavers between a collective past and an unknown (both exciting and threatening) future.

Whereas images of women have been analysed (especially those in the Fifth Generation cinema of the 1980s and 1990s), their male counterparts on the Chinese cinema screen have been largely ignored. This study redresses this imbalance and interprets the representation of men on screen through gender theory, cultural studies, and sources on Chinese society. The main chapters of the study concentrate on versions or expressions of masculinities, reflecting a society that has expressed its revolutionary aims through human models. The introduction to each chapter provides a contextualisation of the manner in which masculinities have been configured in other contemporary representational fields and will explain the relevance of the discussed ideas of masculinity in China's recent past. This study contributes both to conceptions of film and gender in China, and will widen the scope of cross-cultural
theorisations of masculinities.


Abstract Public services have been misunderstood. They are not simply services in the public sector, they are not necessarily there because of "market failure", and they cannot be analysed by the same criteria as market-based provision. They have four defining characteristics. They exist for reasons of policy; they provide services to the public; they are redistributive; and they act as a trust. They consequently operate differently from production for profit, in their priorities, costs, capacity and outputs.


The understanding of the charge transport depending on crystalline structure in organic semiconductors is an important aspect of their functionality in different organic electronic applications. For this reason we performed in situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) studies to trace the solidification. Simultaneously applying the voltage to the thiophene-based oligomer system the current response was measured. The complex behaviour of the solidification process was monitored from the structure and electrical performance and the highest current was observed for the final solid film. Real time studies revealed that for the oligomers the high crystallinity is a key factor for the improvement of the charge transport.


Irinotecan is currently used in several cancer regimens mainly in colorectal cancer (CRC). This drug has a narrow therapeutic range and treatment can lead to side effects, mainly neutropenia and diarrhea, frequently requiring discontinuing or lowering the drug dose. A wide inter-individual variability in irinotecan pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamics has been reported and associated to patients' genetic background. In particular, a polymorphism in the UGT1A1 gene (UGT1A1*28) has been linked to an impaired detoxification of SN-38 (irinotecan active metabolite) to SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) leading to increased toxicities. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of irinotecan, SN-38 and SN-38G is recommended to personalize therapy. In order to quantify simultaneously irinotecan and its main metabolites in patients' plasma, we developed and validated a new, sensitive and specific HPLC–MS/MS method applicable to all irinotecan dosages used in clinic. This method required a small plasma volume, addition of camptothecin as internal standard and simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was done on a Gemini C18 column (3 μM, 100 mm x 2.0 mm) using 0.1% acetic acid/bidistilled water and 0.1% acetic acid/acetonitrile as mobile phases. The mass spectrometer worked with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode and selected reaction monitoring. The standard curves were linear (R2 ≥0.9962) over the concentration ranges (10–10000 ng/mL for irinotecan, 1–500 ng/mL for SN-38 and SN-38G and 1–5000 ng/mL for APC) and had good back-calculated accuracy and precision. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, determined on three quality control levels for all the analytes, were always <12.3% and between 89.4% and 113.0%, respectively. Moreover, we evaluated this bioanalytical method by re-analysis of incurred samples as an additional measure of assay reproducibility. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in metastatic CRC patients enrolled in a genotype-guided phase Ib study of irinotecan administered in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and bevacizumab.


This paper documents trends in social mobility in Norway starting from fathers born at the turn of the 20th century and ending with sons born in the 1970s. We measure social mobility with intergenerational income elasticities, associations between fathers' and sons' income percentiles, and brother correlations. All approaches suggest that social mobility increased substantially between cohorts born in the early 1930s and the early 1940s. Father-son associations remained stable for cohorts born after WWII, while brother correlations continued to decline. The relationship between fathers' and sons' income percentile ranks is highly nonlinear for the early cohorts, but approaches linearity over time. We discuss increasing educational attainment among low- and middle-income families as a possible mechanism behind these trends.


Group communication is as an important functionality, which needs to be supported by various communication technologies. Applications of group communication include IP (or application-level) multicast, wireless and/or ad-hoc networks, broadcast, conference calling, pay-per-view, and even such seemingly unrelated to networks areas as copy protection. For many, if not all, of these applications, security and trust play an important role. Securing group communication typically requires confidentiality and authentication, which typically rely on secret keys. Thus key management issues must be addressed. This paper describes an implementation of one approach to dynamic group key management, which is based on Logical Key Hierarchy or Subset-Cover approach [1,2]. Our approach achieves a dramatic reduction of the storage requirements for the Group Key Manager, and in particular allows all the secret key data to be stored on a smart-card. It also allows a number of subsequent improvements.


Abstract. The chemical evolution of the exhaust plumes of ocean-going ships in the cloud-free marine boundary layer is examined with a box model. Dilution of the ship plume via entrainment of background air was treated as in studies of aircraft emissions and was found to be a very important process that significantly alters model results. We estimated the chemical lifetime (defined as the time when differences between plume and background air are reduced to 5% or less) of the exhaust plume of a single ship to be 2 days. Increased concentrations of NOx (= NO + NO2) in the plume air lead to higher catalytical photochemical production rates of O3 and also of OH. Due to increased OH concentrations in the plume, the lifetime of many species (especially NOx) is significantly reduced in plume air. The chemistry on background aerosols has a significant effect on gas phase chemistry in the ship plume, while partly soluble ship-produced aerosols are computed to only have a very small effect. Soot particles emitted by ships showed no effect on gas phase chemistry. Halogen species that are released from sea salt aerosols are slightly increased in plume air. In the early plume stages, however, the mixing ratio of BrO is decreased because it reacts rapidly with NO. To study the global effects of ship emissions we used a simple upscaling approach which suggested that the parameterization of ship emissions in global chemistry models as a constant source at the sea surface leads to an overestimation of the effects of ship emissions on O3 of about 50% and on OH of roughly a factor of 2. The differences are mainly caused by a strongly reduced lifetime (compared to background air) of NOxin the early stages of a ship plume.


Many marine predators migrate between breeding and non-breeding areas to target resources that are seasonal but spatio-temporally predictable, and so are vulnerable to climate-induced changes in prey phenology and abundance. In the Southern Ocean, small petrels are major consumers, but perturbations in the ecosystem through ocean warming are altering food-web structure and have been linked to poleward shifts in the distribution of their cold-water zooplankton prey. In this study, we focused on 2 small congeneric petrels: the broad-billed prion Pachyptila vittata and the Antarctic prion P. desolata. Both are planktivorous, but the broad-billed prion specialises in feeding on large copepods. We investigated historical trends in non-breeding distribution by analysing feather stable isotope ratios from a time-series dating back to 1926, and examined contemporary non-breeding distributions of broad-billed prions tracked using miniaturised geolocation-immersion loggers. After controlling temporally for the Suess effect, we found that the δ13C signatures of Antarctic prions, but not broad-billed prions, declined during the study period. This suggests a southward shift in Antarctic prion non-breeding distribution over the last century. Both species exhibited significant declines in δ15N during the same period, indicative of long-term decreases in marine productivity in their moulting areas, or changes in the trophic structure of prey communities. Tracked broad-billed prions migrated ca. 1000 km to an area east of the breeding colony where the Louisville seamount chain bisects the subtropical front. Topographically driven upwellings are stable and predictable features and may be crucial in aggregating plankton. Targeting seamounts could therefore mitigate the impact of climate-induced prey shifts by providing refugia for the broad-billed prion.


Oestrus ovis is a cosmopolitan agent of myiasis in sheep and goats. The parasitic phase begins after adult females deposit first stage larvae into the nostrils of hosts. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological data, clinical signs, gross and microscopical findings of an outbreak of O. ovis myiasis in sheep in state of Mato Grosso. Sneezing and nasal discharges was the major clinical signs in infected sheep. The main gross findings include hyperemia and oedema of the nasal mucosa. At the microscopic exam there was moderate infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa with moderate to severe oedema and hyperemia. Although affecting a large number of sheep, the mortality occurred due to other causes such as Haemonchus contortus infection and pneumonia.


As the number and size of food banks increase globally, it is critical to research how food banks fit into existing food systems and their role in reducing food insecurity and food waste. After examining the political ecology of urban food waste in food systems, this discussion paper examines the globalization of food banking and its growth in the Global South. Through a case study of FoodForward SA, it critically analyzes the roles that urban food banks play in cities of the Global South. Since many countries in the South have both the highest levels of food insecurity and the weakest infrastructure, it is in these high-need locations that food banks may struggle to operate effectively. The paper finds that while food banks may improve the efficiency of food redistribution systems, it is unclear whether they reduce food insecurity or food waste in the long term. Also, many food banks suffer institutional crises related to lack of funding, interference by the state or private sector, and inappropriate placement in many parts of the Global South.


This work studies the behavior of shallow ReLU networks trained with the logistic loss via gradient descent on binary classification data where the underlying data distribution is general, and the (optimal) Bayes risk is not necessarily zero. In this setting, it is shown that gradient descent with early stopping achieves population risk arbitrarily close to optimal in terms of not just logistic and misclassification losses, but also in terms of calibration, meaning the sigmoid mapping of its outputs approximates the true underlying conditional distribution arbitrarily finely. Moreover, the necessary iteration, sample, and architectural complexities of this analysis all scale naturally with a certain complexity measure of the true conditional model. Lastly, while it is not shown that early stopping is necessary, it is shown that any univariate classifier satisfying a local interpolation property is inconsistent.


The Supreme Court, in a line of several cases over the past decade, has established a rigorous federal constitutional excessiveness review for punitive damages awards based on the Due Process Clause. As a matter of substantive due process, says the Court, punitive awards must be evaluated by three guideposts set forth in BMW of North America v. Gore: the degree of reprehensibility of the defendant's conduct, the ratio between punitive and compensatory damages, and a comparison of the amount of punitive damages to any civil or criminal penalties that could be imposed for comparable misconduct. Following up on this pronouncement in State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company v. Campbell, the Court indicated that few awards exceeding a single-digit ratio between punitive and compensatory damages to a significant degree will satisfy due process. Unfortunately, neither the guideposts nor the single-digit multiple rule have any basis in the law of due process and represent nothing more than the imposition of the Court's own standards for punishment in place of those of the states. This Article reveals the defectiveness of this jurisprudence by exposing the absence of precedential foundation for the Court's current view. More significantly, this Article demonstrates that the Court's interpretation of the Due Process Clause is at odds with important rules of constitutional construction, mainly those supplied by the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, which protect unenumerated rights and limit the national government to exercising delegated powers, respectively. Together, these amendments prohibit expansive interpretations of the Constitution that disparage rights retained by the people and that arrogate to the national government powers that neither the states nor the people ever relinquished. The Court's interpretation of the Due Process Clause with respect to punitive damages transgresses both of these limitations. This Article suggests that a proper understanding of due process reveals that it requires only that punitive awards be reserved for wrongdoing beyond simple negligence, that jurors be instructed that any punitive award they impose must be designed to further states' legitimate interest in punishment of in-state conduct and deterrence, and that judicial review of the awards be available to check adherence to these requirements. Beyond that, the Due Process Clause fails to require that punitive damages awards be constrained to a particular level.


Meeting teacher expectations for a professional development programme (PDP) is expected to strengthen sustainable applied competence as programme outcome since teachers will be more motivated to apply the programme content in practice. A revised distance learning (DL) programme was augmented by a practical component comprising a work-integrated portfolio and audio-visual material, aimed to support the applied competence of practising teachers in the South African context. An evaluation of the way the programme measured up to teacher expectations was deemed critical for future DL programme design. A qualitative study based on an interpretivist philosophical approach collected data of teacher expectations for and of the practical component through multiple methods. Their contributions were linked with four main themes related to applied competence as identified in the literature. Participant expectations and experiences with regards to each theme were compared by means of electronic coding through ATLASti™. The findings show a strong correlation between expectations for and experiences of the way the practical component supports the elements of applied competence. Since DL is viewed as a viable and cost effective way to improve teacher competence in developing countries, these findings serve as impetus for further investigation and refining ways to support applied competence in a distance learning professional development programme (DL PDP).


The development of new technology is driven by scientific research. The Internet, with its roots in the ARPANET and NSFNet, is no exception. Many of the fundamental, long-term improvements to the architecture, security, end-to-end protocols and management of the Internet originate in the related academic research communities. Even shorter-term, more commercially driven extensions are oftentimes derived from academic research. When interoperability is required, the IETF standardizes such new technology. Timely and relevant standardization benefits from continuous input and review from the academic research community.
 For an individual researcher, it can however by quite puzzling how to begin to most effectively participate in the IETF and - arguably to a much lesser degree - in the IRTF. The interactions in the IETF are much different than those in academic conferences, and effective participation follows different rules. The goal of this document is to highlight such differences and provide a rough guideline that will hopefully enable researchers new to the IETF to become successful contributors more quickly.


We propose a collaborative training platform where students collectively contribute to the co-construction of the required knowledge to produce their individual semester project. Peers feedback is implemented in order to complete trainers' supervision with peer-training. This collaborative platform is implemented as a social network, where collaborative interactions are organized 1) to engage and stimulate students to share their resources and contributions; 2) to monitor and comment peers' contributions.


Radiative lifetime of chemically synthesized colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots is measured. Influence of the core size on the electron-hole pair separation is analyzed. A long radiative lifetime and the existence of electron-hole pair separation suggest high potential of these dots as gain material to achieve lasing under continuous-wave excitation.


Native American students are a diverse yet underrepresented population in higher education. Little research has been done regarding identity development of these students. This paper focuses on influences to Native American identity and the commonalities between the experiences of traditional-aged students from reservations and adult returners to college. It concludes with a proposal for a developmental theory for Native American students from reservations structured around Goodman, Schlossberg, and Anderson's (2006) transition theory.


Although the origins, application, and socio-historical implications of the Jim Crow system have been studied and debated for at least the last three-quarters of a century, nuanced understanding of this complex cultural construct is still evolving, according to Stephanie Cole and Natalie J. Ring, coeditors of The Folly of Jim Crow: Rethinking the Segregated South. Indeed, they suggest, scholars may profit from a careful examination of previous assumptions and conclusions along the lines suggested by the studies in this important new collection. Based on the March 2008 Walter Prescott Webb Memorial Lectures at the University of Texas at Arlington, this forty-third volume in the prestigious series undertakes a close review of both the history and the historiography of the Jim Crow South. The studies in this collection incorporate important perspectives that have developed during the past two decades among scholars interested in gender and politics, the culture of resistance, and ""the hegemonic function of 'whiteness.'"" By asking fresh questions and critically examining long-held beliefs, the new studies contained in The Folly of Jim Crow will, ironically, reinforce at least one of the key observations made in C. Vann Woodward's landmark 1955 study: In its idiosyncratic, contradictory, and multifaceted development and application, the career of Jim Crow was, indeed, strange. Further, as these studies demonstrate-and as alluded to in the title-it is folly to attempt to locate the genesis of the South's institutional racial segregation in any single event, era, or policy. ""Instead,"" as W. Fitzhugh Brundage notes in his introduction to the volume, ""formal segregation evolved through an untidy process of experimentation and adaptation."" | Although the origins, application, and socio-historical implications of the Jim Crow system have been studied and debated for at least the last three-quarters of a century, nuanced understanding of this complex cultural construct is still evolving, according to Stephanie Cole and Natalie J. Ring, coeditors of The Folly of Jim Crow: Rethinking the Segregated South. Indeed, they suggest, scholars may profit from a careful examination of previous assumptions and conclusions along the lines suggested by the studies in this important new collection. Based on the March 2008 Walter Prescott Webb Memorial Lectures at the University of Texas at Arlington, this forty-third volume in the prestigious series undertakes a close review of both the history and the historiography of the Jim Crow South. The studies in this collection incorporate important perspectives that have developed during the past two decades among scholars interested in gender and politics, the culture of resistance, and ""the hegemonic function of 'whiteness.'"" By asking fresh questions and critically examining long-held beliefs, the new studies contained in The Folly of Jim Crow will, ironically, reinforce at least one of the key observations made in C. Vann Woodward's landmark 1955 study: In its idiosyncratic, contradictory, and multifaceted development and application, the career of Jim Crow was, indeed, strange. Further, as these studies demonstrate-and as alluded to in the title-it is folly to attempt to locate the genesis of the South's institutional racial segregation in any single event, era, or policy. ""Instead,"" as W. Fitzhugh Brundage notes in his introduction to the volume, ""formal segregation evolved through an untidy process of experimentation and adaptation.""


Soybean is an exotic crop to Ethiopia and may not necessarily have a specific endosymbiont in the soil. However, since it is a promiscuous host, nodulated by cross nodulating rhizobia, it is likely that some compatible endosymbionts exist from heterologous hosts that could nodulate it with effective nitrogen fixation. This necessitated the search for effective indigenous rhizobia isolates and/or compatible and effective cross-inoculating rhizobia that are already adapted to local conditions. To this end, a total of 67 bacterial isolates were trapped from different soil samples using two soybean varieties (Clark-63K and Awassa-95) and one cowpea variety (Bole), to evaluate their diversity and screen for their symbiotic effectiveness. Accordingly, the majority of isolates (93%) were tentatively categorized into alkali producing slow growing Bradyrhiobium spp. and the others (7%) were fast growing and acid producing rhizobia. The isolates showed differences in utilizing various carbon and nitrogen sources and tolerance to acidity, salinity and temperature. The isolates were also diverse in their inherent antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. All the isolates were able to nodulate soybean variety Clark-63K with significant difference in their capacity to infect and effectively fix nitrogen evidenced from variations in nodulation parameters and shoot dry weights. Accordingly, the isolates induced nodulation with nodule number ranging from 2 to 49 nodules plant -1 ; nodule dry weight of 16 mg plant -1 to 94 mg plant -1 and shoot dry weight between 585 and 1012 mg plant -1 . Using shoot dry weight as an indicator of the relative effectiveness of the isolates, 12% of the isolates were highly effective (SE > 80%) and 88% were effective (SE from 50 to 80%) on soybean. Furthermore, the isolates showed narrow and broad host ranges on four legume species viz., cowpea, mung bean, pigeon pea, and peanut. Accordingly, many isolates (67%) formed nodules with effective nitrogen fixation with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (47%), and on few cases with mung bean (Vigna radiata) showing different level of effectiveness. However, the data showed very narrow host range on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) where, only one isolate formed effective nodules.


BACKGROUND
Research has suggested increased risk of anti-social behaviour amongst individuals with intellectual disability (ID).

METHODS
This study reports the results of a secondary analysis of data relating to self-reported anti-social behaviour, obtained from the 1999 Office for National Statistics (ONS) study of the mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain. Self-report data from 4174 adolescents was available. Within this group, a sub-group of 98 adolescents with ID was identified. Data covered a variety of sub-types of anti-social behaviour.

RESULTS
Comparisons of individuals with ID and those without ID indicated a significantly higher prevalence of a number of types of self-reported anti-social behaviour in the ID sample. Further analyses indicated however, that these between group differences were accounted for by the higher rates of social deprivation and child mental health problems among the ID sample.

CONCLUSIONS
Rather than ID per se being associated with increased rates of anti-social behaviour, adolescents with ID may be more likely to experience risk factors (lower socio-economic status and mental health problems) known to be associated with anti-social behaviour. The clinical implications of this and possible future directions for research are discussed.


Introduction Purpose of this study was to analyze the major challenges in the area of recruitment, job satisfaction and job retention faced by public sector organizations of Pakistan, the impact of strategies have been adopted far to overcome these issues on image of the organization. For this purpose public sector regulatory authorities and organizations being regulated by these authorities were selected. Various studies are available that address the challenges of recruitment, job satisfaction and job retention, but many of them are not directly related to problems and challenges faced by public sector to recruit and retain the best employees to be an employer of choice. The closest areas in which some amount of literature is available are: Employee retention in relation to customer retention (Jamal & Adelowore, 2008; Yavas, et al.., 2003) and quality service (Redman & Mathews, 1998) and how training, e-recruitment and development reduces turnover rate. There is a well-developed 'best practice' HRM literature which argues that employment practices oriented to employee engagement deliver 'win-win' returns in employee motivation, commitment, retention and quality of work. The study highlights recruitment, job satisfaction and retention efforts of Public sector of Pakistan to become an employer of choice in today' s competitive environment. According to Rehman Safdar et al., (2010) Pakistan is an emerging economy in south Asia and rapidly trying to meet challenges of modern world economy and maintaining the momentum of economic constancy. The regulatory authorities claims to be an employer of choice due to its heavy investment in its employees as it is offering a number of opportunities of personal and professional growth i.e. Change Management Programs, Training of new staff and benefits like excellent working conditions, job satisfaction, superior leadership, and conducive environment for growth. Employees have an opportunity to excel their entire potential and overcome the challenges in their career paths. Literature Review Recruitment, knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) Taylor & Collins, (2000) studied recruitment as one of the most critical Human Resource activity which was vital for the organizational success. Boudreau & Rynes, (1985) studied that it was not so easy for organizations to attract potential employee as the organizational attraction influenced the effectiveness of successive selection. Barber, 1998; Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin & Jones, 2005 conducted an extensive research in the area of recruitment and candidate attraction during the last 25 years. Barber, (1998) discussed the recruitment function more closely related to the organization' s strategic human resource planning. From the organization's perspective, developing a recruitment strategy involves three basic decisions, determining the target population, determining the applicant source, and deciding how to attract applicants to the organization. Recruiting is not just a game of human numbers anymore. For HR professionals, this means going a step further than developing a recruitment plan. It means working closely with management on shaping organization culture and looking closely at the job attribute preferences of its current and future employees. One liability of the HR professional is to converse the attributes of a particular job undoubtedly. Rynes, Bretz, & Gerhart, 1991 discussed that HR professionals have to play a vital role in the overall recruitment process as they have to communicate information about the job itself and the organization. Barrick & Zimmerman, 2005 further studied that source of information about the job and the organization influenced similar to perceived person-job fit and subsequent attraction and job retention. Wanous, 1977, Breaugh, 1992; Breaugh & Starke, 2000 studied that the fundamental assumption was that precise and pragmatic job information enables applicants to think about the degree of similarity between their knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) and the other job requirements. …


This paper explores multiple logics of accountability by examining patterns of control of various school functions under different accountability systems. Research has shown that accountability is a global phenomenon, but how accountability is understood and enacted is locally contextualized, which implies the existence of multiple logics of accountability in practice. By linking theoretical arguments rooted in literature to empirical evidence observed in TALIS 2013, we aim to theorize logics of accountability and then demonstrate the existence of those logics across countries. We first developed a framework of logics of accountability: control-based, professional-based, test-based, and process-based accountability. We then empirically analyzed three types of control—external, internal, and mixed control—at the school level across countries and within four content areas— assessment, human resource, curriculum, and budget—to infer how each country consistently follows a logic of accountability in their schooling practices. We found that a few countries followed a relatively pure form of control-based, professional-based, and process-based logic; however, most countries followed mixed-forms of logic. Our findings provide a systematic approach for the mapping of accountability logics across countries and suggest that more Logics of Accountability 2 thought should be paid to how the underlying logic of accountability should manifest across these different functions.


Dozens of past studies document how affluent people feel somewhat better about life than middle-class people feel and much better than poor people do. New analyses of the General Social Surveys from 1974 to 2012 address questions in the literature regarding aggregate responses to hard times, whether the income-class relationship is linear or not, and whether inequality affects happiness. General happiness dropped significantly during the Great Recession, suggesting that the income-happiness relationship might also exist at the macro level. People with extremely low incomes are not as unhappy as a linear model expects, but there is no evidence of a threshold beyond which personal happiness stops increasing. Comparing happiness over the long term, the affluent were about as happy in 2012 as they were in the 1970s, but the poor were much less happy. Consequently, the gross happiness gap by income was about 30 percent bigger in 2012 than it was in the 1970s. A multivariate model shows that the net effect of income on happiness also increased significantly over time.


This paper addresses the issue of how the stability of the Greek economy will be affected by Greece's accession to the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The theoretical basis for most of the discussion of this issue to date is found in the theory of optimum currency areas (OCA), which identifies the nature of economic disturbances as key to whether currency unions provide a net benefit. We use vector autoregression to identify the nature of the disturbances that the Greek economy has experienced in the past, and add such disturbances to stochastic simulations of a structural macroeconomic model of the Greek economy, part of a larger model of the European economy known as QUEST II. The main conclusion is that the EMU will make output slightly more stable in the Greek economy. Therefore, the Greek economy will reap the efficiency gains of the common currency without suffering significantly from the elimination of its monetary sovereignty.


Instrumentation has been developed to measure the normalized V Stokes vector coincident with the Q and U Stokes vectors of the filtered radiation field from a celestial source. The hybrid method developed to calibrate the system used null-polarization standards for the system offset and linear polarization standards along with a quarter-wave-plate-induced rotation on the Poincar sphere for the system gain. An observing program was completed that concentrated upon eleven Luminous Late-Type Variables (LLTVs). The program objects are 119 CE Tau, alpha Ori, 6 BU Gem, Psi1 Aur, 72 Leo, V CVn, alpha Sco, alpha1 Her, mu Cep, VV Cep, and beta Peg. The data for the program objects show circular polarization behavior that is as rich and as complex as was already known for the linear polarization. The infrared excesses of the LLTVs were used to place useful limits on the dust shell particle numbers and masses. The calculations were accomplished by using the stellar flux at visible wavelengths to estimate and remove the stellar flux at infrared wavelengths. A Monte Carlo software model was developed to aid in the explanation of the observations. The model components include contributions from limb darkening, stellar spots, Rayleigh/Thomson scattering in the stellar atmosphere, Mie scattering from multiple particle types in the dust shell, and interstellar birefringence. The output of the software is an ensemble of maps which display the Stokes vectors and relative flux expected when looking at the modelled object from any direction. It was concluded that the linear polarization for most of the program objects arises from Rayleigh and Thomson scattering in the atmosphere of the objects and from single scattering by small silicate grains in the dust shells. The bulk of the circular polarization arises from three mechanisms: 1) single scattering of light linearly polarized in the stellar atmosphere and subsequently Mie scattered by spherical or irregularly-shaped aligned particles, 2) magneto-emission arising from spots, and 3) interstellar birefringence acting on an intrinsic stellar linear polarization.


Abstract The Singapore state, in response to demographic trends of later marriage and lower fertility, has put in place numerous institutions aimed at "protecting" the family as a unit. In their effects, many of the policies place disproportionate burdens on women, particularly insofar as the policies reproduce "traditional" gendered divisions of labor within the household at the same time that they encourage women to participate in the formal workforce. We might expect the contradictory demands placed on women and the gender inequalities embedded within the state's policies to lead to resistance and/or expressions of displeasure — in ways that could undermine the state's legitimacy — but the policies seem instead to be integral to and enhancing of the state's capacity for rule. This article shows that gendered family policies reproduce state power through three interconnected mechanisms: they establish regular relationships between state and society; articulate particular identities and interests of Singaporeans as members of families, thereby undercutting gender and ethnic identities; and give content to notions of "tradition" and "modernity" that solidify the state's claim to being the only agent able to balance the twin tensions that are at the core of the nation's survival.


This paper presents a methodology to perform design space exploration of complex signal processing systems implemented using the CAL dataflow language. In the course of space exploration, critical path in dataflow programs is first presented, and then analyzed using a new strategy for computational load reduction. These techniques, together with detecting design bottlenecks, point to the most efficient optimization directions in a complex network. Following these analysis, several new refactoring techniques are introduced and applied on the dataflow program in order to obtain feasible design points in the exploration space. For a MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 decoder software and hardware implementation, the multi-dimensional space can be explored effectively for throughput, resource, and frequency, with real-time decoding range from QCIF to HD resolutions.


This thesis sought to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and indirect
aggression use. Psychopathy has been strongly linked with increased levels of aggressive
behaviour and in particular violence (Porter & Woodworth, 2006). However, thus far
research has predominantly focused on direct forms of aggression with minimal research
considering indirect forms of aggression. On the basis of previous research, it was
hypothesised that not only would psychopathy be significantly related to indirect
aggression use, but that this relationship would remain after controlling for the shared
variance with direct aggression. It was also hypothesised that this relationship would be
mediated by deficits in affective empathy and moderated by both gender and levels of
social skills.
A series of quasi-experimental studies were conducted to test this hypothesis using
regression analysis and structural equation modelling. Study 1 sought to test the basic
relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression using the Psychopathic
Personality Inventory - Revised and the Indirect Aggression Scale respectively on a sample
of 103 university students. Study 2 & 3 then expanded this and sought to investigate both
the role of empathy, using the Empathy Quotient (Study 2), and gender (Study 3) using a
sample of 201 university students, 83 males and 118 females. Study 4 used the Social
Skills Inventory in a sample of 107 students to test the hypothesised social skill moderation
of this relationship. Finally Study 5 and 6 sought to redress issues of both the limited
samples and use of self-report measures in the previous studies by replicating these
findings in a general community population of 204 (Study 5) and using behavioural
measures of empathy on a sample of 117 (Study 6).The results indicate that psychopathy is
significantly related to the use of indirect aggression, even after controlling for direct
aggression, and that this was driven predominantly by the impulsive antisociality and
coldheartedness factors. This relationship was found to be significantly mediated by
affective, but not cognitive, empathy deficits although only for males, not for females,
which may arguably point towards differences in the function of indirect aggression for
male compared to female psychopaths. Non-verbal social skills were found to significantly
moderate this relationship among students, however this finding could not be replicated.
These findings would appear to imply that psychopathy is related to a general increase in
aggression, rather than a specific increase in violence. This supports the theorisation of
non-criminal psychopathy as a moderated behavioural manifestation of the underlying
personality traits rather than a sub-clinical version of the disorder. The sex differences in
the relationship would seem to imply that the different types of aggression use may have
different underlying meanings for males and females high on psychopathic traits.


Upper Jurassic strike-slip intra-arc basins formed along the axis of earlier Lower to Middle Jurassic extensional intra-arc basins in Arizona. These strike-slip basins developed along the Sawmill Canyon fault zone, which may represent an inboard strand of the Mojave-Sonora megashear system that did not necessarily produce large-scale translations. Subsidence in the Lower to Middle Jurassic extensional arc was uniformly fast and continuous, whereas at least parts of the Upper Jurassic arc experienced rapidly alternating uplift and subsidence, producing numerous large-scale intrabasinal unconformities. Volcanism occurred only at releasing bends or stepovers in the Upper Jurassic arc, producing more episodic and localized eruptions than in the earlier extensional arc. Sediment sources in the Upper Jurassic strike-slip arc were also more localized, with restraining bends shedding sediment into nearby releasing bends. Normal fault scarps were rapidly buried by voluminous pyroclastic debris in the Lower to Middle Jurassic extensional arc, so epiclastic sedimentary deposits are rare, whereas pop-up structures in the Upper Jurassic strike-slip arc shed abundant epiclastic sediment into the basins. Three Upper Jurassic calderas formed along the Sawmill Canyon fault zone where strands of the fault progressively stepped westward in a releasing geometry relative to paleo-Pacifi c‐North America plate motion. We hypothesize that strike-slip basins in the Upper Jurassic arc formed in response to changing plate motions that induced northward drift of North America, causing sinistral deformation of the paleo-Pacifi c margin. Drift out of the northern horse latitudes into northern temperate latitudes brought about wetter climatic conditions, with eolianites replaced by fldebris-fl ow, and lacustrine sediments. "Dry" eruptions