Pro-social personality can be associated with the positive behaviours that are commonly practised in the socio-surrounding of a cultured community. For example the action of helping, loving and empathy development with each other. Through the viewing of the Islamic based films, this study was looking at the opportunity in forming the values of pro-social that are seen parallel with the religion (Islam) itself. The study was also analysing the importance of the self-efficacy factors towards the pro-social personality among the audience who were watching the Islamic based films. Therefore, the audience also needs to have good self-efficacy level in choosing the films genre that they will be watching. Hence, the study was conducted to analyse the role of the self-efficacy as the mediating factor that can control the formation of the pro-social personality through watching the Islamic based films. The study used survey method. There were 1028 respondents chosen randomly through the stratified random sampling technique within 6 institutions from the Public Higher Education Institution in the Klang Valley. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaire and were analysed by using descriptive analysis and partial correlational test. The study found out that the interest level towards watching Islamic based films was high and the partial correlation test established the results of the self-efficacy factor was controlled as the controlled variable. There was also a positive significant relationship between watching the Islamic based films and the prosocial personality. The study also showed that the self efficacy as the mediator has a significant relationship with the formation of the prosocial personality. Keywords: Pro-social personality, Islamic based films, self-efficacy, film genres


This book is an essential resource for anybody involved in arbitration. It is an updated section-by-section commentary on the Arbitration Act 1996, split into a separate set of notes for each section, and subdivided into the relevant issues within that section. It contains elements of international comparative law, citing authorities from many other common law and civil law jurisdictions.

Beyond the development of law since the last edition, this sixth edition contains new practical features to aid the reader. Each section now has a new contents table, with each separate topic set out clearly and in a logical order, which acts as reminder for the reader. Further, each separate topic now has a specific individual reference, and the topics are grouped in a more systematic and logical way within each section, to improve readability.

The book is primarily aimed at practitioners of arbitration both in the UK and abroad, including solicitors, barristers, arbitrators and judges who are involved in the practice of arbitration (whether domestic or international). It is also aimed at UK and international students of international arbitration, especially in relation to the sections with comparative legal analysis and comprehensive discussions on the interaction between the Arbitration Act 1996 and institutional arbitration rules.


Heavily overparameterized language models such as BERT, XLNet and T5 have achieved impressive success in many NLP tasks. However, their high model complexity requires enormous computation resources and extremely long training time for both pre-training and fine-tuning. Many works have studied model compression on large NLP models, but only focusing on reducing inference time while still requiring an expensive training process. Other works use extremely large batch sizes to shorten the pre-training time, at the expense of higher computational resource demands. In this paper, inspired by the Early-Bird Lottery Tickets recently studied for computer vision tasks, we propose EarlyBERT, a general computationally-efficient training algorithm applicable to both pre-training and fine-tuning of large-scale language models. By slimming the self-attention and fully-connected sub-layers inside a transformer, we are the first to identify structured winning tickets in the early stage of BERT training. We apply those tickets towards efficient BERT training, and conduct comprehensive pre-training and fine-tuning experiments on GLUE and SQuAD downstream tasks. Our results show that EarlyBERT achieves comparable performance to standard BERT, with 35 45% less training time. Code is available at https://github.com/VITA-Group/EarlyBERT.


This article discusses the problems with the legal framework regulating anti-corruption work in Azerbaijan and other Former Soviet countries. These problems revolve around the excessive reliance on legislative strategies and action plans which can not be translated into ministry-level rule-making (regulation), the insufficient delegation of anti-corruption rule-making authority to executive agencies, and uncoordinated revisions to the criminal, civil and administrative codes. Advice given by donors - particularly the OECD Network for Transition Economies - exacerbates these problems. In order to provide a more solid basis for the current anti-corruption legal framework in Azerbaijan (and former Soviet countries like Azerbaijan), anti-corruption commissions (or other similar anti-corruption policymaking bodies) should choose which legislative strategy to follow (namely the Eastern European or Western European Model as discussed in this paper). In implementing National Anti-Corruption Action Plans, the Executive Office of the President (or parliamentary advisory body in countries with a parliamentary system of government) should divide existing national anti-corruption action plans into four categories, namely: a) directives (needing no further clarification), binding recommendations (requiring further drafting), legislative proposals (being developed into separate legislation), or repealed recommendations (based on a lack of specificity or relevance for an anti-corruption programme).


Title of dissertation: THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL CONFIDENCE FOR LABOR AMONG NULLIPAROUS PREGNANT WOMEN Julia Ann Kish, Doctor of Philosophy, 2003 Dissertation directed by: Robin G. Sawyer, Ph.D. Department of Public Health and Community Health Certain levels of fear and anxiety about childbirth are expected, especially among first-time mothers. However, problems arise when these feelings negatively impact a woman's decisions and perceptions about the birth process. Although millions of women give birth each year, there are limited data to document the development of maternal confidence for labor and fear of labor throughout the period of gestation. Applying Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, current research on maternal confidence for labor suggests women with increased childbirth self-efficacy experience decreased levels of perceived pain and increased levels of satisfaction with birth. The purpose of this quasi-experimental, multi-time series research study was to examine the development of maternal confidence for labor among nulliparous pregnant women throughout gestation. The following primary research question was addressed: Does maternal confidence for labor actually increase (i.e., fear decrease) as pregnancy progresses? Other research variables indicated in the literature to have an impact on maternal confidence were examined including prenatal care provider (physicians and midwives), attendance at a childbirth class, perceived childbirth knowledge, emotional support and importance of a medicine-free birth. A convenience sample of 46 nulliparous women completed three mail questionnaires (one at 8-12 weeks of gestation, 28 weeks, and 37 weeks) and a postpartum telephone interview. All three mail questionnaires were similar in content and contained two scales, the Maternal Confidence scale and the Fear of Childbirth scale. Data was collected from August, 2001 through June, 2003. A significant inverse relationship between maternal confidence for labor and fear of childbirth was found throughout gestation. Other major findings of this study included: 1) a significant positive relationship between perceived knowledge and maternal confidence, and 2) increased fear among women who initially seek midwiferybased prenatal care at 8-12 weeks of pregnancy. The type of prenatal care a woman obtains (midwifery-care or physician-based care) did not significantly impact her confidence for delivery or fear of childbirth. It is recommended future studies examine the role of self-efficacy with regard to childbirth in greater depth for nulliparous women throughout gestation or prior to pregnancy. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL CONFIDENCE FOR LABOR AMONG NULLIPAROUS PREGNANT WOMEN


A recent UK government initiative enables police officers to input information directly into policing information systems via mobile devices. However, the impact and implications on data quality have not been assessed. The events of 9/11 and the Soham murders in the UK in 2002 may reflect high profile incidents of failure in information management practice within police forces that have amplified the need to scrutinise the monitoring of data quality. The tragedy of the Soham murders was partly caused by poor quality information regarding the offender, Ian Huntley, being held on disparate information systems. Consequently, intelligence and information held on people must be fully accurate, and therefore data quality plays a pivotal role. Despite the apparent severe impact of poor data quality on organisational effectiveness and decision‑making, previous research appears to have addressed these issues only within non‑policing sectors. The paper investigates what measures are used to monitor data quality via an empirical study within a UK police force, the Leicestershire Constabulary. It also evaluates the design of the interface of the crime‑input form and the impact this has on inputting quality information into the crime recording system, along with the implications of this for modern‑day law enforcement. Measurement of data quality was investigated by mapping aspects of the data quality monitoring process identified via qualitative data from semi‑structured interviews against the key attributes of data quality derived from a literature review. The design of the crime‑recording interface was evaluated via a series of focus groups with operational users of mobile technology prior to and following implementation of mobile devices. The research found that there are some processes in place to check that data follows specific standards, such as the recording of dates of birth. However, these processes only take into consideration the structural completeness of data, and other measurements of data quality, such as accuracy, timeliness, relevance, understandability and consistency are not considered. It also found that the existing interface is inefficient for a mobile environment, as there are numerous free‑text fields and duplication of data entry caused by a lack of system integration. The paper contributes to the existing small body of knowledge on data quality within a mobile policing environment. This knowledge can be applied by other law enforcement organisations looking to provide mobile access to their information and knowledge environment without reducing the level of data quality as a result of direct input of information.


Fluid magma should tend to rise up to the level of local isostatic equilibrium at an axis of plate spreading. The magma and underlying partial melt accretes to the side of the separating plates and gets denser as it cools and freezes. This load bends down the lithosphere and additional accretion forms a plate with concave upward curvature. The topography resulting from a curved plate passively moving off axis can be described analytically for accretion on the vertical side of uniform lithosphere when its flexural response is that of a thin elastic plate. Model predictions are consistent with the shape of the axial highs at fast spreading centers (typically ∼400m high and ∼20 km wide) as well as related gravity anomalies. This model requires at least several kilometers of lithospheric thickening within a few kilometers of the ridge axis. Seismic data appear consistent with this lithospheric structure. The magnitude and lateral distribution of faulting on the flanks of axial highs is crudely consistent with formation during plate unbending as lithosphere moves away from the axis. According to this model abandoned fast spreading centers should retain an elastically supported axial high, while for previous models abandoned highs should collapse.


This study consists of three research phases. First, we developed corrective action strategies to mitigate the impact of calcium hypochlorite and cadmium pulse shocks for the Plum Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Charleston, SC. The corrective action strategies were developed in consultation with industrial consultants and operational personnel from the utility. These strategies were tested using a laboratory scale system, which was constructed and operated similar to the parent facility. Two corrective actions were tested for calcium hypochlorite, while only one strategy was tested for the cadmium at the laboratory scale. This study shows that no corrective action strategies are required for an acute hypochlorite stress. This is due to the fact that hypochlorite is highly reactive and dissipates rapidly on contact with the wastewater matrix, thus causing only low level process deterioration. In fact, implementation of corrective action strategies results in greater process deterioration as compared to the nonintervention approach. The corrective action tested for cadmium stress showed potential for reducing the peak impact of the toxin and allowed for faster process recovery as compared to the unstressed control. For the second phase, the corrective actions were tested at a pilot scale facility operated at the Plum Island wastewater treatment plant. We tested two different corrective action strategies for cadmium, while only one strategy was tested for hypochlorite during the pilot scale study. Similar to the laboratory scale experiments, we conclude that no mitigative approaches are necessary for an acute hypochlorite stress. Additionally, the implementation of mitigative approaches for the pilot scale cadmium stress events resulted in greater process deterioration as compared to the non-intervention approach. In contrast to the laboratory scale experiments, theoretical effluent blending calculations showed that corrective actions may not reduce the impact of the cadmium stress. This was attributed to the lower intensity of process deterioration caused by the simulated cadmium stress. The pilot scale study shows that prior to implementing a corrective action strategy, the operator should determine the probable extent of process deterioration due to the detected chemical contaminant before deciding if a corrective action is needed. The pilot scale study also evaluated the effectiveness of current sensor technologies towards the upstream detection of influent anomalies and reliable monitoring of process performance during an upset event. Multivariate analysis on the rate of change of influent sensor signals was reliably able to detect the presence of both toxins tested during this study. For the third phase of this research, we investigated the impact of cadmium stress on the structure and function of bioreactor microbial communities. We observed significant increases in post-stress heterotrophic and autotrophic bacterial respiration rates for the bioreactors subjected to cadmium stress. The higher respiration rates were due to an increase in bacterial abundance in the cadmium stressed reactors. We were also able to show that the increase in bacterial abundance was not due to changes in community structure or due to cadmium induced deflocculation. In fact, this study demonstrates that transient cadmium stress reduces predator abundance within the activated sludge community and this reduction in predator grazing was responsible for the increase in bacterial abundance. This research highlights the importance of higher life forms, specifically eukaryotic microorganisms, in regulating bacterial community dynamics in systems undergoing chemical perturbations.


In recent years there have been numerous calls for making the operations of international organizations more "transparent." One element in these demands involves the idea that international negotiations should be open to the same level of outside scrutiny that is presumed to prevail with bargaining in domestic contexts. While transparency of this sort may have clear benefits by facilitating attempts to hold officials accountable, scholars have made less effort to consider whether making international bargaining more public might also have detrimental effects. I develop a game-theoretic model that provides four hypotheses about the relative benefits of open-door versus closed-door bargaining, and about the preferences of different actors with regard to this type of transparency. This model, which can be applied to international and domestic contexts, helps extend positive theories about the design of institutions while also providing insights for the normative question of when transparency is desirable. I show that the hypotheses developed are supported both by historical evidence from eighteenth-century disputes about publicity in national parliaments, and by evidence from the more recent dispute about making European Council of Ministers deliberations public.I would like to thank Simon Hix, Bernard Manin, Lisa Martin, John Odell, Andrea Prat, Ken Scheve, Karen Smith, Andrew Walter, Peter Wilson, seminar participants at the LSE and at Sciences-Po in Paris, as well as two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions.


Sarah and Simon live with their father and mother and their baby brother in a big room called a studio. Their father is an artist, and he is busy painting his masterpiece. When it is finished, they will become rich and famous, but in the meantime they are poor, yet very happy. Then one day their father runs out of red paint - and there is no money to buy any more. So Sarah and Simon set out to find some...Edward Ardizzone (1900-79), the acclaimed master of children's book illustration, brings all his skills to bear in this classic and endearing tale, which has been unavailable for over forty years.


The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observed an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) event during its first orbit around the Sun, among many other events. This event is analyzed by applying a wavelet analysis technique to obtain the reduced magnetic helicity, cross helicity, and residual energy, the first two of which are magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) invariants. Our results show that the ICME, as a large-scale magnetic flux rope, possesses high magnetic helicity, very low cross helicity, and highly negative residual energy, thus pointing to a magnetic fluctuation dominated structure. Using the same technique, we also search for small-scale coherent magnetic flux rope structures during the period from 2018 October 22 to November 21, which are intrinsic to quasi-two-dimensional MHD turbulence in the solar wind. Multiple structures with durations between 8 and 300 minutes are identified from PSP in situ spacecraft measurements. The location and scales of these structures are characterized by wavelet spectrograms of the normalized reduced magnetic helicity, normalized cross helicity, and normalized residual energy. Transport theory suggests that these small-scale magnetic flux ropes may contribute to the acceleration of charged particles through magnetic reconnection processes, and the dissipation of these structures may be important for understanding the coronal heating processes.


We first confirm previous results with the German Socio-Economic Panel by Layard et al. (2010), and obtain strong negative effects of comparison income. However, when we split the sample by age, we find quite different results for reference income. The effects on life- satisfaction are positive and significant for those under 45, consistent with Hirschman's (1973) 'tunnel effect', and only negative (and larger than in the full sample) for those over 45, when relative deprivation dominates. Thus for young respondents, reference income's signalling role, indicating potential future prospects, can outweigh relative deprivation effects. Own-income effects are also larger for the older sample, and of greater magnitude than the comparison income effect. In East Germany the reference income effects are insignificant for all. With data from the British Household Panel Survey, we confirm standard results when encompassing all ages, but reference income loses significance in both age groups, and most surprisingly, even own income becomes insignificant for those over 45, while education has significant negative effects.


There is a lack of evidence of on the impact of how sporting role models (SRM) influence adolescent physical activity (PA) and/or sport participation (SP) levels. The main aim of this review was to identify SRM-led interventions and highlight the evidence of impact of SRMs on female adolescents' participation in PA and/or SP. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature using key search terms was completed using electronic databases (APA PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) Participants were ≤18 years old, (b) results were reported for female participants, (c) the study included an intervention arm/element, (d) an SRM or equivalent terminology was used as part of the intervention, (e) PA levels and/or SP was evaluated, and (f) peer-reviewed articles published in English. A total of 7,169 peer-reviewed articles were identified and screened. A systematic review of grey literature to identify SRM programs was also carried out through Google search engine, direct contact with relevant sporting organizations, and with authors who had written about role models, and 45 programs were identified. Identified documents were screened using the same inclusion criteria as described above. The results identified one peer-reviewed and 15 grey literature programs, all of which were deemed to be of poor quality. The programs revealed a lack of theoretical base and rigor in methodology, no objective PA or SP assessment, poor demographic context of participants and role models, and lack of evaluation.


Conclusions * Policymakers in both India and Pakistan have concluded that the potential capability to develop and deploy nuclear weapons serves their national security and political interests. International efforts to reverse these conclusions are unlikely to succeed, particularly if these initiatives center on the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) regime. * The present state of tension and the ambiguous balance of nuclear capabilities and ballistic missiles between India and Pakistan is not sustainable over the long-term because deterrence could break down in a crisis. Nuclear-armed missiles could be deployed or even used, by one or both parties, perhaps for preemptive purposes. Even without a crisis, escalating domestic and regional tensions may lead India and Pakistan into declared nuclear weapons programs. A nuclear arms race, analogous in nature (but not in magnitude) to that between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, could follow. * Traditional global arms control regimes cannot address the problem. A new security approach by the United States and other concerned governments is warranted--one that freezes the weapons programs of these de-facto nuclear powers at current levels by mutual agreement with international assurances. As the first step toward constructing a new regional approach to South Asian security, this could avoid nuclear weapons escalation in the near term, and might eventually lead these two countries to agree to accede to international non-proliferation regimes. Dangerous Trends in India and Pakistan The long-term security threat brewing between India and Pakistan demands that the United States review existing strategy. Paradoxically, Indo-Pakistani tensions and prospects for major weapons expansion increase as they engage in economic reforms and expand their economies. Domestic political trends in India and Pakistan have turned negative, and there is uncertainty in both countries as to where they fit in the post-Cold War world. Political and ethnic/religious movements in both states exploit tensions, advocating more assertive nationalist policies. Broader public opinion and political pressures feed these trends. Leaders in both states have made determined efforts to contain the tensions, to restrain their nuclear and missile programs, and to avoid a conflict over Kashmir. However, basic policies on both sides are essentially confrontational--at least at the political level. It is unclear how long these building tensions can be contained. In India, just as elections are approaching, a serious scandal involving alleged payments for government contracts has claimed several ministers in the Cabinet of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao, as well as prominent opposition leaders. The tough line of the religious-based, nationalist BJP party has heightened internal tensions. Further, Indian attitudes regarding a settlement of the Kashmir issue have hardened, reinforced by BJP arguments which reject prospects for negotiations, and exacerbated by intensified exchanges of fire along the Indo-Pakistani line of control. In Pakistan, the army--the institutional guardian of the nuclear program and a key political power center--has been restive. This puts pressure upon the policy of restraint toward India, especially vis-a-vis Kashmir, reinforcing an increasing public outrage over India's hardline and gradual weakening of Kashmiri militants who benefit from Pakistan's support. A deep-seated resentment exists toward the United States, particularly over the long-term effects of the Pressler Amendment on Pakistan's military readiness, national security, and regional stature. The abortive coup attempt last fall highlights this restiveness and may illustrate the growing influence of Islamist radicalism. The lack of concerted attention to South Asian security problems by the United States, Japan, China, Russia, and the European Union has contributed to the increased tension. …


Technology-based self-service (TBSS) facilities have been widely implemented in the service industry, and it is therefore vital to understand how customers arrive at decisions to adopt them. This article presents and tests a model assessing the antecedents of customers' acceptance of TBSS facilities by merging the technology acceptance model (TAM) with self-service attributes. The findings show that intention to use TBSS facilities is an ultimate function of customers' perceived usefulness of the self-service technology, their attitude towards using it, and their perceived enjoyment of using it. Managers who wish to employ TBSS should therefore first obtain a good understanding of the factors that drive their customers' attitude towards the self-service. They should investigate how to make the self-service more enjoyable in addition to focusing on the traditional usability and usefulness-enhancing features. Recommendations for future research are also provided.


Background Previous studies are inconclusive on the shape of the relationship between parity and cardiovascular disease, with few evaluating a range of cardiovascular outcomes. It is also unclear if any relationship between parity and cardiovascular disease is independent of breastfeeding. We examined the associations between parity and cardiovascular outcomes, including adjustment for breastfeeding duration. Methods Data were from 8,609 Caucasian and African-American women, aged 45–64 years, participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a prospective epidemiological study with 24 years of follow-up. Cardiovascular outcomes [coronary heart disease (CHD); myocardial infarction (MI); heart failure; stroke] were identified through annual follow-up phone interviews and community-wide hospital surveillance and ascertained through 2012. At baseline and follow-up, parity and total duration of breastfeeding were self-reported. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the association between parity and cardiovascular outcomes, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors, and breastfeeding duration. Results Women reported never being pregnant (6.0%), or having none (1.6%), 1–2 (36.0%), 3–4 (36.4%), or 5+ (19.7%) live births. During 26 years follow-up, there were the following numbers of incident events: 1,196 CHDs, 733 MIs, 635 strokes and 1321 heart failure events. Compared with women with 1–2 prior births, those with prior pregnancies and no live births had a higher risk of both incident CHD (HR=1.68, 95% CI:1.14–2.47) and heart failure (1.51, 1.07–2.14), after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Women with 5+births had a higher risk of incident CHD (1.30, 1.10–1.55) and hospitalised MI (1.40, 1.13–1.74), after adjustment for baseline characteristics and breastfeeding duration. Abstract 112 Figure 1 Abstract 112 Figure 2 Abstract 112 Table 1 Conclusions In a diverse cohort of U.S. women, a history of 5+live births is associated with future risk of CHD, specifically, MI, independent of breastfeeding. Having a prior pregnancy and no live birth is associated with a greater risk of CHD and heart failure. Future studies should address whether the increased cardiovascular risk from multiparity arises from biological or lifestyle factors.


This thesis is concerned with the study of some tessellations (or subdivisions) of the plane or of the space and their relation to some optimization problems. Several of the results have a combinatorial flavor, whereas others are strongly connected to the geometry underlying the corresponding problems. The work combines theoretical statements with applied implications and related algorithms, making use of linear algebra, convex geometry, graph theory and many other tools from discrete and computational geometry. Regular subdivisions are tessellations resulting from the projection of the lower faces of a polyhedron. In the first part of this thesis, we generalize regular subdivisions introducing the class of recursively-regular subdivisions. Informally speaking, a recursively-regular subdivision is a subdivision that can be obtained by splitting some faces of a regular subdivision by other regular subdivisions (and continue recursively). We also define the finest regular coarsening and the regularity tree of a subdivision. We derive several properties of these two objects, which reflect certain structure in the class of non-regular subdivisions. In particular, the finest regular coarsening of a subdivision is the regular subdivision that is (in a sense) most similar to it. We show that the class of recursively-regular subdivisions is a proper superclass of the regular subdivisions and a proper subclass of the visibility-acyclic subdivisions (in the sense of an acyclicity theorem by Edelsbrunner). We also show that there exist point sets whose recursively-regular triangulations are not connected by geometric bistellar flips. We then derive several algorithms related to the studied objects, and point out applications of the main results. In particular, we present relations to tensegrity theory, data visualization, and graph embedding problems. Special attention is paid to the problem of covering the space by placing given floodlights at given points, for which we extend results known since 1981 and discuss two variants of the original problem. The second part is concerned with the study of optimal partial matchings for pairs of point sets under translations. First, we regard the least-squares cost function. The best approach to this problem so far is to construct (and explore) a particular tessellation of the space of translations. In every tile of the tessellation there is one matching that is optimal for any position of the point sets corresponding to a translation in that tile. We give the first non-trivial bound on the complexity of this tessellation in dimensions two and higher, and study several structural properties that lead to algorithms whose running time is polynomial in the size of the larger set. We address then the analogous problem under the bottleneck cost function. This cost function assigns to every matching the largest distance defined by a matched pair of points. An associated tessellation is shown to have polynomial complexity. This result, together with graphtheoretical tools, allows us to obtain efficient algorithms for the computation of the corresponding minimum under translations that are sensitive to the size of the smaller of the two sets. The lexicographic variant of the bottleneck cost is analyzed as well. Finally, we explore natural directions for the generalization of the problems of matching under translations to which many of our results extend.


A physical micromachining technique is demonstrated in a low-loss flat-fiber substrate to fabricate a multimode interference (MMI) device. The flat-fiber substrate is a low-index-contrast material; however, by making use of two physically micromachined trenches, lateral confinement is achieved providing high index contrast for the MMI region. A 1 × 3 MMI device exhibiting 1.89 dB of excess loss has been demonstrated.


Are emotions becoming more conspicuous in contemporary life? Are the social sciences undergoing an an 'affective turn'? This Reader gathers influential and contemporary work in the study of emotion and affective life from across the range of the social sciences. Drawing on both theoretical and empirical research, the collection offers a sense of the diversity of perspectives that have emerged over the last thirty years from a variety of intellectual traditions. Its wide span and trans-disciplinary character is designed to capture the increasing significance of the study of affect and emotion for the social sciences, and to give a sense of how this is played out in the context of specific areas of interest. The volume is divided into four main parts:

 * universals and particulars of affect
 * embodying affect
 * political economies of affect
 * affect, power and justice.

Each main part comprises three sections dedicated to substantive themes, including emotions, history and civilization; emotions and culture; emotions selfhood and identity; emotions and the media; emotions and politics; emotions, space and place, with a final section dedicated to themes of compassion, hate and terror. Each of the twelve sections begins with an editorial introduction that contextualizes the readings and highlights points of comparison across the volume. Cross-national in content, the collection provides an introduction to the key debates, concepts and modes of approach that have been developed by social scientist for the study of emotion and affective life.


Abstract. As part of the OP3 field study of rainforest atmospheric chemistry, above-canopy fluxes of isoprene, monoterpenes and oxygenated volatile organic compounds were made by virtual disjunct eddy covariance from a South-East Asian tropical rainforest in Malaysia. Approximately 500 hours of flux data were collected over 48 days in April–May and June–July 2008. Isoprene was the dominant non-methane hydrocarbon emitted from the forest, accounting for 80% (as carbon) of the measured emission of reactive carbon fluxes. Total monoterpene emissions accounted for 18% of the measured reactive carbon flux. There was no evidence for nocturnal monoterpene emissions and during the day their flux rate was dependent on both light and temperature. The oxygenated compounds, including methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde, contributed less than 2% of the total measured reactive carbon flux. The sum of the VOC fluxes measured represents a 0.4% loss of daytime assimilated carbon by the canopy, but atmospheric chemistry box modelling suggests that most (90%) of this reactive carbon is returned back to the canopy by wet and dry deposition following chemical transformation. The emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes, normalised to 30 °C and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR, were 1.6 mg m−2 h−1 and 0.46mg m−2 h−1 respectively, which was 4 and 1.8 times lower respectively than the default value for tropical forests in the widely-used MEGAN model of biogenic VOC emissions. This highlights the need for more direct canopy-scale flux measurements of VOCs from the world's tropical forests.


The photogrammetric method has been used to study active volcanoes in Kamchatka for more than 100 years. It is still the most effective method for consistently monitoring short-term changes in the morphology of volcanic structures and for obtaining accurate parameters of eruptions. This chapter shows the specific features of photogrammetry application in volcanological research and development of this method in the context of investigating Kamchatkan volcanoes. We also present the results of the study of volcanic objects with various morphologies, composition, and types of activity with regard to the specific features of the 2001–2012 growth of the dome at Molodoy Shiveluch Volcano, the effects of the 1975–1976 Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption and of the 2012–2013 Tolba‐ chik Fissure Eruption, the morphodynamics of Troitsky Crater on Maly Semyachik Volcano, and the morphological changes of Akademii Nauk Caldera after the catastroph‐ ic 1996 eruption. The chapter shows the way forward for the development of the photogrammetric method in volcanology.


The study of phonetic variation and change in sociolinguistics predominantly focuses on 'the vernacular' or at least on speech occurring in spontaneous conversations. While such studies are obviously vital to understand the patterns of change in a speech community, it is also desirable to understand how patterns of variation and change develop in a 'prestige' standard language which may function as a model for normative language. In order to study on-going sound change in standard spoken Danish and their socio-linguistic consequences, the paper investigates the production of a series of front vowels in the news broadcasts of the national Danish radio, DR, arguably the model for the 'best' language to the majority of speakers of Danish. The study focuses on changes in the production of two vowel variables, the short (a) and long (ae:), by studying their position in the vowel space relative to neighboring vowels as well as relating these results to the realization of (a) and (ae:) as observed in sociolinguistic interviews. These variables are of particular interest because they have been discussed as emblematic of substandard pronunciation for generations, and because the social evaluation of the raised variants may be changing considerably in the present. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/


Since the start of the financial crisis in 2008, the Federal Reserve has been engaging in quantitative easing. Quantitative easing is a form of open market operation in which the Federal Reserve buys long-term U.S. government and other securities, versus traditional open market operations that occur through the short-term Treasury bill market. At the same time, the shadow bank system, which is a system of financial intermediaries that perform unregulated credit intermediation outside of traditional banks, has contracted significantly. Some argue that this contraction is due to a collateral crunch induced by quantitative easing in the shadow bank system—a crunch that occurred when the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program took high-quality collateral off the market. I will focus specifically on repurchase agreements, an instrument within the shadow banking that uses the same types of securities that the Federal Reserve has been buying during quantitative easing as collateral, to determine whether quantitative easing has led to a contraction of the repurchase agreement market. I find that increases in Federal Reserve asset holdings from 2005-2013, and specifically during QE1, are associated with decreases in primary dealer repurchase agreements. This shows that under certain circumstances, Federal Reserve asset purchases lead to contractions in the shadow bank system. This paper aims to increase understanding of how monetary policy affects shadow banking and understanding of the unintended consequences of monetary policy, such as decreased shadow bank lending caused by quantitative easing.


INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of mental health disorders among people who use drugs is high and well documented. This hard-to-reach population faces a very low awareness and access to mental health care, especially in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to design and assess a quick screening tool (QST) that community-based organisations (CBO) could routinely apply to a Vietnamese population of people who inject drugs (PWID), in order to refer them appropriately to mental health specialists.

METHODS
We devised a tool that included nine questions covering anxiety, depression, suicide risk and psychotic symptomatology. Its use required no specific background and 2 h training. Specificity and sensitivity of the QST were assessed in a population of 418 PWID recruited via respondent driven sampling, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview questionnaire plus clinical evaluation as a reference standard. Acceptability was assessed using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire submitted to all CBO members who used the QST.

RESULTS
CBO members considered the QST easy to use, relevant and helpful to deal with mental health issues. Area under the curve for detection of any symptom using the QST was 0.770. The maximum sensitivity and specificity were reached with a cut-off of 2 [sensitivity was 71.1% (95% confidence interval 62.4, 78.8), specificity was 75.9% (70.5, 80.7)].

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The QST appeared to be both efficient and well accepted. Given the burden of mental health problems among hard-to-reach PWID in developing countries, community-based screenings such as this one could be a particularly appropriate response.


This paper reports a study on the vitality of the fishing lexicon in Loloan Malay. The study was aimed at finding the nature and pattern of domain change, its intergenerational transmission, and its significance for overall ethnolinguistic vitality. The data were collected from a representative group of fishermen through tests that were complemented by interviews. A simple quantitative analysis was undertaken to discover patterns of change, and the ethnographic method was also used to augment the analysis. This study contributes to the sociolinguistic research on language vitality, contact-induced change, and the endangerment of minority languages. The findings reveal a surprising paradox. Although it is still considered to have high cultural importance, the fishing domain is critically endangered. It is argued that the low vitality of the fishing domain does not affect the vitality of the Loloan Malay language in general. The reason is that the linguistic ideology that underpins the group identity of Loloan Malay at the macro-societal level is not tied to fishing, but rather, to religion. This paper also discusses the complexity of the variables involved in domain change, particularly the extra-linguistic factors that contribute to the changes in the fishing domain due to modern socioeconomic and technological progress.


Context Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasingly diagnosed in the everyday gastroenterology practice. It is considered as a subclass of chronic pancreatitis. Steroid treatment results in a quick recovery and long-term prognosis is good. Objective To evaluate experiences in the diagnosis, classification and late outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis in two tertiary centers in Chile. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical files and follow-up of our patients with diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis between 1997 and 2017. Results Autoimmune pancreatitis was diagnosed in 83 patients in the study period. Nine of them were excluded for incomplete data (n=1) or lost to followup (n=8). Autoimmune pancreatitis was classified as type 1 by increased serum IgG4 level, other organ involvement and/or pancreatic histology (n=44; age: 52.95 ± 17.00, males: 33). Type 2 was assumed if IgG4 was normal and ulcerative colitis associated (n=10 age: 28.9 ± 16.83, males: 5). In 20 cases autoimmune pancreatitis was classified as not otherwise specified (age: 37.05 ± 17.40, males: 11). Steroid treatment resulted in a complete recovery in all cases. Recurrence was observed in 11 type 1 and in 3 not otherwise specified but in none of type 2 patients, with good response to a second course of steroids. Azathioprine maintenance therapy was used in 5 patients and micofenolate in 1 patient. One patient developed chronic pancreatitis, exocrine insufficiency was detected in 2 and diabetes in 11 cases. Conclusions Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasingly recognized in Chile. The diagnosis is feasible by imaging, serology and response to steroids, classification without histology is difficult. Several cases remain undetermined. The prognosis is good, and progression to calcified chronic pancreatitis is an exception in our experience.


Despite an apparently rich literary heritage in nineteenth-century India, Indians and English Orientalists were bewildered that literary cultures in the 'Indian' context lacked what they perceived as the culmination of aesthetic complexity, the tragic form. Although the explanations they came up with might fall short of a convincing answer, the debate and the consequent translation of Greek tragedies into Indian languages so as to address this lack offer a fertile ground for investigating the issues of politics of genre and the question of colonialism and nationalism. This paper argues that translations of Greek tragedies into Kannada, the official language of Karnataka, reflected the colonial subject's negotiation with white literary supremacy.


Despite their many similarities, Central American countries during the twentieth century were characterized by remarkably different political regimes. In a comparative analysis of Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua, James Mahoney argues that these political differences were legacies of the nineteenth-century liberal reform period. Presenting a theory of "path dependence," Mahoney shows how choices made at crucial turning points in Central American history established certain directions of change and foreclosed others to shape long-term development. By the middle of the twentieth century, three types of political regimes characterized the five nations considered in this study: military-authoritarian (Guatemala, El Salvador), liberal democratic (Costa Rica), and traditional dictatorial (Honduras, Nicaragua). As Mahoney shows, each type is the end point of choices regarding state and agrarian development made by these countries early in the nineteenth century. Applying his conclusions to present-day attempts at market creation in a neoliberal era, Mahoney warns that overzealous pursuit of market creation can have severely negative long-term political consequences. The Legacies of Liberalism presents new insight into the role of leadership in political development, the place of domestic politics in the analysis of foreign intervention, and the role of the state in the creation of early capitalism. The book offers a general theoretical framework that will be of broad interest to scholars of comparative politics and political development, and its overall argument will stir debate among historians of particular Central American countries.


Title of dissertation: FACE RECOGNITION AND FACIAL ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS FROM UNCONSTRAINED VISUAL DATA Huy Tho Ho, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed by: Professor Rama Chellappa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Analyzing human faces from visual data has been one of the most active research areas in the computer vision community. However, it is a very challenging problem in unconstrained environments due to variations in pose, illumination, expression, occlusion and blur between training and testing images. The task becomes even more difficult when only a limited number of images per subject is available for modeling these variations. In this dissertation, different techniques for performing classification of human faces as well as other facial attributes such as expression, age, gender, and head pose in uncontrolled settings are investigated. In the first part of the dissertation, a method for reconstructing the virtual frontal view from a given non-frontal face image using Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and an efficient variant of the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is introduced. In the proposed approach, the input face image is divided into a grid of overlapping patches and a globally optimal set of local warps is estimated to synthesize the patches at the frontal view. A set of possible warps for each patch is obtained by aligning it with images from a training database of frontal faces. The alignments are performed efficiently in the Fourier domain using an extension of the Lucas-Kanade (LK) algorithm that can handle illumination variations. The problem of finding the optimal warps is then formulated as a discrete labeling problem using an MRF. The reconstructed frontal face image can then be used with any face recognition technique. The two main advantages of our method are that it does not require manually selected facial landmarks as well as no head pose estimation is needed. In the second part, the task of face recognition in unconstrained settings is formulated as a domain adaptation problem. The domain shift is accounted for by deriving a latent subspace or domain, which jointly characterizes the multifactor variations using appropriate image formation models for each factor. The latent domain is defined as a product of Grassmann manifolds based on the underlying geometry of the tensor space, and recognition is performed across domain shift using statistics consistent with the tensor geometry. More specifically, given a face image from the source or target domain, multiple images of that subject are first synthesized under different illuminations, blur conditions, and 2D perturbations to form a tensor representation of the face. The orthogonal matrices obtained from the decomposition of this tensor, where each matrix corresponds to a factor variation, are used to characterize the subject as a point on a product of Grassmann manifolds. For cases with only one image per subject in the source domain, the identity of target domain faces is estimated using the geodesic distance on product manifolds. When multiple images per subject are available, an extension of kernel discriminant analysis is developed using a novel kernel based on the projection metric on product spaces. Furthermore, a probabilistic approach to the problem of classifying image sets on product manifolds is introduced. Understanding attributes such as expression, age class, and gender from face images has many applications in multimedia processing including content personalization, human-computer interaction, and facial identification. To achieve good performance in these tasks, it is important to be able to extract pertinent visual structures from the input data. In the third part of the dissertation, a fully automatic approach for performing classification of facial attributes based on hierarchical feature learning using sparse coding is presented. The proposed approach is generative in the sense that it does not use label information in the process of feature learning. As a result, the same feature representation can be applied for different tasks such as expression, age, and gender classification. Final classification is performed by linear SVM trained with the corresponding labels for each task. The last part of the dissertation presents an automatic algorithm for determining the head pose from a given face image. The face image is divided into a regular grid and represented by dense SIFT descriptors extracted from the grid points. Random Projection (RP) is then applied to reduce the dimension of the concatenated SIFT descriptor vector. Classification and regression using Support Vector Machine (SVM) are combined in order to obtain an accurate estimate of the head pose. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not require facial landmarks such as the eye and mouth corners, the nose tip to be extracted from the input face image as in many other methods. FACE RECOGNITION AND FACIAL ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS FROM UNCONSTRAINED VISUAL DATA


Cyathea medullaris (Cyatheaceae) is a frequent pioneer of disturbed areas (e.g. landslides) or edge environments, sometimes forming near continuous canopies. We test the hypothesis that colonisation by this species as a pioneer alters the seedling assemblage to favour more shade-tolerant broadleaved trees than that beneath another common native pioneer (Kunzea robusta, Myrtaceae) in the same landscapes. We compared vegetation and abiotic characteristics of 166 sites across the Auckland region where C. medullaris or K. robusta were abundant (≥20% basal area) along successional gradients. Using hierarchical classification and ordination, we identified distinct communities associated with the different pioneers. In the forests we consider, C. dealbata is another common understorey tree fern, which sometimes, but not always, co-occurs with C. medullaris. Cyathea medullaris / C. dealbata successions occurred on steep sites with lower annual water deficit whereas K. robusta / C. dealbata successions were located on flatter, drier sites. The prevalence of macro-charcoal in K. robusta / C. dealbata forest suggests the prominence of that community is in part an outcome of the increased importance of fire disturbance in New Zealand. Dominance of C. medullaris, with C. dealbata understoreys, influences community assembly of tree species towards dominance by shade-tolerant species, whereas seedlings of less shade-tolerant small-leaved species are more prevalent in K. robusta / C. dealbata forests. We provide evidence to suggest that, where present in early forest communities, high tree fern abundance influences the assembly of seedling communities, supporting our hypothesis. Contrary to previous suggestions, a high abundance or basal area of tree ferns on sites not historically affected by fire did not limit the establishment and growth of canopy trees including fleshy-fruited broadleaf species.


In the setting where a data set in ℝD consists of samples from a probability measure ρ concentrated on or near an unknown d-dimensional set M, with D large but d ≪ D, we consider two sets of problems: geometric approximation of M and regression of a function f on M. In the first case we construct multiscale low-dimensional empirical approximations of M, which are adaptive when M has geometric regularity that may vary at different locations and scales, and give performance guarantees. In the second case we exploit these empirical geometric approximations to construct multiscale approximations to f on M, which adapt to the unknown regularity of f even when this varies at different scales and locations. We prove guarantees showing that we attain the same learning rates as if f was defined on a Euclidean domain of dimension d, instead of an unknown manifold M. All algorithms have complexity O(n log n), with constants scaling linearly in D and exponentially in d.


Journal of Psychopathology 2016;22:4-9 Summary The concept of 'looping effects' helps to clarify how psychiatric conditions are moving targets. As professional understandings of mental disorders change, people shape their behaviour, experience and self-understanding in response. By this means, evolving concepts of mental disorder, carried by language, arose make up new kinds of person. The superordinate concept of 'mental disorder' is also a moving target. This article develops an account of the concept's semantic alterations, proposing that it has progressively expanded horizontally to encompass qualitatively new forms of distress and disability, and also vertically to encompass quantitatively less severe phenomena. Changes in the concept of mental disorder in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders are examined to show that its meaning has not so much looped as spread in an ever-expanding vortex. Possible looping effects of this conceptual creep are discussed.


Different environmental analyses are so far allocated to assess emissions corresponding to high-speed rail infrastructure in era of environmental concern for maximize mobility and accessibility. However, electrification of HSR due to various components is intricate and roughly in detail in existing inventories. Predominantly, this is due to this fact that the existing inventories associated to HSR infrastructure focus on climate gases that lead to concrete and steel as the dominant input materials. Life cycle assessment (LCA), as a useful tool in evaluation of environmental impacts related to products and/or activities, can be helpful to deliver a better understanding of a defined system and later on can assist in decision making (by comparing alternative cases with each other). In this thesis, a complete LCA of HSR electrification is performed under PCR guideline that embraces a 60-year lifetime with a functional unit of one kilometer for three life cycle phases that are: construction, maintenance & renewal, and disposal. The results from this study are shown in six-impact categories (with two additional impact categories that are not mentioned in the PCR guideline). In addition, the results from the LCA of HSR electrification are applied to 12 alignments (as a projection of environmental analysis of Norwegian HSR) to illustrate the effect of HSR electrification on corridor planning. Regardless of results for either the functional unit of one kilometer or corridor planning, the relative results show that construction and maintenance & renewal by far are the main sources of potential impacts, and disposal (due to only transport of materials for their end-of-life treatment) has a fraction of impact through the entire lifetime of HSR electrification in all the six-impact categories. The main input materials associated with high impacts in electrification of HSR infrastructure are: copper, diesel, aluminium (cable), steel (low-alloyed), and UPS (batteries) that for different impact categories and life cycle phases the effect from each input material is varying. Copper projected that it has the highest contribution in impact categories human toxicity, metal depletion, freshwater eutrophication, and terrestrial acidification in both construction and maintenance & renewal. Aluminium (cable), and steel (low-alloyed) perform their highest contributions in impact categories climate change and photochemical oxidation formation in the construction phase; however, diesel shows a high impact in the same impact categories (as they are the same for aluminium (cable) and steel (low-alloyed)) in the maintenance & renewal phase. Moreover, UPS (batteries), due to having (relatively) high amount of lead, corresponds to high impact in impact categories terrestrial acidification, climate change, and photochemical oxidation formation in the maintenance & renewal life cycle phase. The study also considers the effect of section type and design-speed for the LCA of HSR electrification. It shows that the potential impact (for the most six-impact categories) in a kilometer of tunnel section for system of design-speed Re330 (for the speed up to 330 km/h) is higher than a kilometer of open section for system of design-speed S25 (for the speed up to 250 km/h). In this study, the effect of increase in the resolution of HSR electrification with the previous study of NHSR by Asplan Viak AS in corridor planning is compared that corresponds to increase in potential impacts in all the six-impact categories, which the highest effects are related to impact categories human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and metal depletion.


To stay on top, companies need to do more than just tread water--they need to grow. And that means that their employees need to develop and improve their skills at the same pace. More than ever, managers are being encouraged to improve employee performance through effective coaching, but so few of them have the time--or the knowledge--it takes to do it successfully. Brian Emerson and Ann Loehr have spent years showing some of the country's top comi? panies how to develop their most promising employees. Now in this helpful manual they guide managers through every step of the coaching process, from problem solving to developing accountability. Readers will discover: the top 10 tips every manager should know before he starts to coach * how to handle difficult conversations, conflicting priorities, and problem team members * how to hold follow-up meetings after goals and priorities have been set * sample questions they can adapt to various situations * examples of common problems and how they can use coaching to address them. Clear, practical and straightforward, this is an invaluable tool that will help all leaders coach employees, colleagues, and themselves to excellence.


This paper provides new evidence on the effects of taxes on the cost of capital and investment based on panel data of 634 Italian firms for the period 1982-1998. In order to reduce the measurement error of the user cost, tax asymmetries are carefully taken into account by using the Shevlin-Graham methodology to proxy the marginal tax rate. The econometric analysis shows that the user cost (and hence taxes) is a relevant determinant of investment behavior (with an estimated elasticity of investment with respect to the user cost of capital which ranges from -0.199 to -0.217). However the careful modeling of tax asymmetries does not significantly improve the statistical performance of the investment model. Possible explanations are discussed with reference to similar findings in Devereux, Keen and Schiantarelli (1994).


Social determinants of health (SDoH) are the complex set of circumstances in which individuals are born, or with which they live, that impact their health. Integrating SDoH into practice requires that information systems are able to identify SDoH-related concepts from charts and case notes through vocabularies or terminologies. Despite significant standardisation efforts across healthcare domains, SDoH coverage remains sparse in existing terminologies due to the broad spectrum of this domain, ranging from family relations, risk factors, to social programs and benefits, which are not consistently captured across administrative and clinical settings. This paper presents a framework to mine, evaluate and recommend new multidisciplinary concepts that relate to or impact the health and well-being of individuals using a word embedding model trained from a large dynamic corpus of unstructured data. Five key SDoH domains were selected and evaluated by domain experts. The concepts resulting from the trained model were matched against well-established meta-thesaurus UMLS and terminology SNOMED-CT and, overall, a significant proportion of concepts from a set of 10,000 candidates were not found (31% and 28% respectively). The results confirm both the gaps in current terminologies and the feasibility and impact of the methods presented in this paper for the incremental discovery and validation of new SDoH concepts together with domain experts. This sustainable approach facilitates the development and refinement of new and existing terminologies and, in turn, it allows systems such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) annotators to leverage SDoH concepts across integrated care settings.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the overall alignment of undergraduate accounting degree programmes from all Certified Practicing Accountants Australia and Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand accredited higher education providers in Australia with the profession's minimum educational expectations (MEEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a series of quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine whether or not the content and focus of these programmes prepares students for contemporary accounting practice.

Findings

The results of these analyses demonstrate that most accredited undergraduate accounting degrees in Australia are largely unaligned with the profession's expectations, with 18 (out of 57) degree programmes showing no overlap between their learning outcomes and the profession's MEEs. In addition, only two (out of 57) programmes are shown to address all of the profession's minimum expectations. A subsequent analysis of the focus and structure of the evaluated degree-level learning outcomes revealed additional inconsistencies between the interpretation of individual MEEs by the profession and the higher education sector.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates that accredited undergraduate degrees are predominantly unable to prepare students for entry into the accounting profession, and that the prior efforts to align accounting curricula with the profession's needs and expectation have thus far been largely unsuccessful. The findings of this paper are relevant for higher education providers and the accounting profession because they reflect the current level of alignment between the content and focus of undergraduate accounting education and the profession's expectations. In addition, the findings of this paper highlight that the current accreditation process of the professional accounting bodies in Australia does not generate the desired alignment between academia and accounting practice.


Youth sports have been recognized as an arena for men to meet increased cultural expectations of being involved in their children's lives. Indeed, in contrast to other child care practices, many men are eager to take part in their children's organized sports. Drawing on an ethnographic study of middle-class families in the United States, this study examines how men juggle two contrasting cultural models of masculinity when fathering through sports—a performance-oriented orthodox masculinity that historically has been associated with sports and a caring, inclusive masculinity that promotes the nurturing of one's children. Through a detailed analysis of how fathers' sports involvement unfolds on the ground, we show how men, in order to portray themselves as "good" fathers, attempt to strike a balance between pushing their children to excel and supporting them regardless of their performance. We propose that although men may value inclusive masculinity when fathering through youth sports, at the same time they exercise orthodox masculinity in other domestic domains.


This document gathers together 22 essays that were originally published as online commentary by Professor Neil H. Buchanan, between 2008 and 2012. All but one of the essays first appeared on the Dorf on Law blog. In these essays, Professor Buchanan discusses the arguments for and against government support of individual home ownership. Most of the essays focus on how to move away from the model of individual ownership. The latter essays, however, begin to embrace the possibility that home ownership incentives should be expanded, to mitigate the current upside-down quality of those subsidies, and to preserve middle-class professional jobs. These essays were also included in the continuing legal education materials for the "Teaching Tax" session at the 2012 Joint Fall CLE meeting of the ABA Sections of Taxation and RPTE in Boston, on September 14, 2012.


In this paper we analyse how the terms of trade (TOT) - the ratio of export prices to import prices - affect total factor productivity (TFP). We provide empirical macroeconomic evidence for the European Union countries based on the times series SVAR analysis and microeconomic evidence based on industry level data from the Competitiveness Research Network (CompNet) database which shows that the terms of trade improvements are associated with a slowdown in the total factor productivity growth. Next, we build a theoretical model which combines open economy framework with the endogenous growth theory. In the model the terms of trade improvements increase demand for labour employed in exportable goods production at the expense of technology production (research and development - R&D) which leads to a shift of resources from knowledge development towards physical exportable goods. This reallocation has a negative impact on the TFP growth. Under a plausible calibration the model is able to replicate the observed empirical pattern.


Pair-matching is an important component of commingled human remains (CHR) analysis, as it can help to limit the amount of DNA testing and contribute to minimum or most likely number of individual calculations. As commingled assemblages become larger, pair-matching becomes more difficult, and it is unknown if accuracy declines. Therefore, a study to determine the accuracy rates of visual pair-matching for multiple observers with a variety of education and experience levels was conducted on a large commingled assemblage. Because the complete results of this study will not be available until all the DNA testing has been completed, this article focuses on the parameters of the study and interobserver variability in pair-matching as well as the current status of the results. In addition, useful morphology of the humerus for pair-matching is identified. The sample consisted of left and right humeri ( n = 287 and n = 293, respectively) from the commingled remains of the USS Oklahoma , which are currently being segregated and identified by the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. Five anthropologists completed this study with human osteological experience ranging from two to thirteen years, CHR experience ranging from no experience to four years, and the following education levels represented: post-BA ( n = 1), post-MA ( n = 1), and post-PhD ( n = 3). Those with more CHR experience were more likely to agree than those with PhDs. Participants with the most CHR experience had substantial agreement, spent the most time pair-matching, and had high accuracy.


Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may result in life-threatening liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer, and impose an important burden on human health. Understanding how the virus is capable of achieving persistence in the majority of those infected is thus an important goal. Although HCV has evolved multiple mechanisms to disrupt and block cellular signaling pathways involved in the induction of interferon (IFN) responses, IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression is typically prominent in the HCV-infected liver. Here, we show that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expressed within uninfected hepatocytes is capable of sensing infection in adjacent cells, initiating a local antiviral response that partially restricts HCV replication. We demonstrate that this is dependent upon the expression of class A scavenger receptor type 1 (MSR1). MSR1 binds extracellular dsRNA, mediating its endocytosis and transport toward the endosome where it is engaged by TLR3, thereby triggering IFN responses in both infected and uninfected cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MSR1 expression blocks TLR3 sensing of HCV in infected hepatocyte cultures, leading to increased cellular permissiveness to virus infection. Exogenous expression of Myc-MSR1 restores TLR3 signaling in MSR1-depleted cells with subsequent induction of an antiviral state. A series of conserved basic residues within the carboxy-terminus of the collagen superfamily domain of MSR1 are required for binding and transport of dsRNA, and likely facilitate acidification-dependent release of dsRNA at the site of TLR3 expression in the endosome. Our findings reveal MSR1 to be a critical component of a TLR3-mediated pattern recognition receptor response that exerts an antiviral state in both infected and uninfected hepatocytes, thereby limiting the impact of HCV proteins that disrupt IFN signaling in infected cells and restricting the spread of HCV within the liver.


The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model of the experiences of women, who had undergone reduction mammoplasty, of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding. Data were collected through interviews with 12 breast-reduced women who had given birth to a child, and the material was analysed by means of the grounded theory method. Written permission to post notices at the child welfare centres had been obtained from the primary care managers. The women themselves applied for participation in the study. The results showed that their need for counselling from somebody who listened attentively to them and gave advice in connection with breast-feeding, was considerable. The women could have a feeling of self-reliance, ambivalence, acceptance or guilt, depending on the extent to which they perceived to have received counselling from their family members. At the same time, their experiences of the encounter with the nursing staff were of crucial importance. Lack of active listening and counselling from the nursing staff can be counterbalanced by support from relatives. However, when such support is not forthcoming, the nursing staff must be able to support the women in their role of a mother, which requires that education and supervision are given to the staff. The findings of the study can be used as a basis for further research into the need for support of the families concerned.


Every four years, political-economic forecasters have their moment in the sun. Mostly economists by training, these analysts use statistical models to predict the winner of the presidential election on the basis of economic conditions. They collect economic data from past election years and they record who won those elections. Then they look at how the economy is doing during the current election year and make their predictions accordingly. This year, the models are predicting a Bush win in November.


The current paper investigates the cross-national relevance of Latin American "dependencia theory" for five dimensions of development (democracy and human rights, environment, human development and basic human needs satisfaction, gender justice, redistribution, growth and employment) on a global scale. It tries to confront the very basic pro-globalist assumptions of the "Lisbon process", the policy target of the European leaders since the EU's Lisbon Council meeting in March 2000 to make Europe the leading knowledge-based economy in the world with a "Latin American perspective". A realistic and politically useful analysis of the "Lisbon process" has to be a "Schumpeterian" approach. First, we analyze the "Lisbon performance" of the world economy by multivariate, quantitative means, looking into the possible contradictions that might exists between the dependent insertion into the global economy and other goals of the "Lisbon process". Dependency from the large, transnational corporations, as correctly predicted by Latin American social science of the 1960s and 1970s, emerges as one of the most serious development blockades, confronting Europe. Secondly, we analyze European regional performance since the 1990s in order to know whether growth and development in Europe spread evenly among the different regions of the continent. It emerges that dependency from the large transnational corporations is incompatible with a balanced, regional development. Finally, we discuss cross-national and historical lessons learned from the views of dependency and Schumpeterian perspectives for current policy-making in Europe, and opt for an industrial policy approach in the tradition of former EU-Commission President (1985-1995) Jacques Delors.


Vietnamese high school students have few opportunities to use English outside class and in class they are often reluctant to speak in class. This paper describes and explains the students' willingness to communicate (WTC) and relates this to varied perceptions of social presence. Eighteen high school students in Vietnam took a six-week online course using Facebook and Skype. They were interviewed individually before and after the course about their experiences, focusing on their perceptions of their own WTC. The results show that the students were more willing to use English spontaneously in the online environment in contexts where they perceived that they had less social presence. Text and audio chat were felt to be less face threatening than video chat, and consequently, students were more willing to speak in conditions of lower social presence. It can be concluded that the more social presence students felt they had in the online environment, the less their WTC. This was true for both synchronous and asynchronous online environments. Allowing students to control their social presence in online communication can embolden shy students and increase their WTC.


Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a demanding step within the water splitting process for its requirement of a high overpotential. Thus, to overcome this unfavourable kinetics, an efficient catalyst is required to expedite the process. In this context, we report on Ni foam functionalised with low cost iron (Fe) and iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)X), wet chemically synthesized as OER catalysts. The prepared catalyst based on iron hydroxide precipitate shows a promising performance, exhibiting an overpotential of 270 mV (at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH solution), an efficient Tafel slope of ∼50 mV dec−1 and stable chronopotentiometry. The promising performance of the anode was further reproduced in the overall water splitting reaction with a two electrode cell. The overall reaction requires a lower potential of 1.508 V to afford 10 mA cm−2, corresponding to 81.5% electrical to fuel efficiency.


MOTIVATION
Sufficiently powered case-control studies with next-generation sequence (NGS) data remain prohibitively expensive for many investigators. If feasible, a more efficient strategy would be to include publicly available sequenced controls. However, these studies can be confounded by differences in sequencing platform; alignment, single nucleotide polymorphism and variant calling algorithms; read depth; and selection thresholds. Assuming one can match cases and controls on the basis of ethnicity and other potential confounding factors, and one has access to the aligned reads in both groups, we investigate the effect of systematic differences in read depth and selection threshold when comparing allele frequencies between cases and controls. We propose a novel likelihood-based method, the robust variance score (RVS), that substitutes genotype calls by their expected values given observed sequence data.

RESULTS
We show theoretically that the RVS eliminates read depth bias in the estimation of minor allele frequency. We also demonstrate that, using simulated and real NGS data, the RVS method controls Type I error and has comparable power to the 'gold standard' analysis with the true underlying genotypes for both common and rare variants.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
An RVS R script and instructions can be found at strug.research.sickkids.ca, and at https://github.com/strug-lab/RVS.

CONTACT
firstname.lastname@example.com

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


In recent years, a notable increase of diverse texts, including those written about nonWhite characters, has entered the field of children's literature helping to represent a racially comprehensive audience. One area that does not garner as much attention in the field, even in multicultural children's literature, is biracial children's literature, with little emphasis falling on novels with biracial protagonists. With the growing number of families in the United States identifying as biracial or multi-racial, it is important to examine the representations of biracial characters encountered by youth in books. The young adult novels, Sarah Jamila Stevenson's The Latte Rebellion (2011), Joan Steinau Lester's Black, White, Other (2011), Sandra Forrester's Dust from Old Bones (1999), Matt de la Pella's Mexican Whiteboy (2008), and Jaime Adoff 's The Death of Jayson Porter (2008), work against the idea of people (and characters) having to choose an identity that alienates part of themselves. Characters navigate through the channels of biraciality while developing a sense of what Lourdes India Ivory calls "biracial competency" and "biracial efficacy" allowing them to function successfully within both racial groups (Ivory 2010). In addition, these novels highlight the various intersectional forces that can potentially stand in the way of a character's ability to successfully develop in relation to Ivory's concepts specifically in regard to their basic psychological, emotional, and safety needs. This research analyzes the different forces that impact character identity development and how each of these forces contributes to a character's overall ability to become comfortable as a biracial individual. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department English Language and Literature First Advisor Dr. Ramona Caponegro


"The Fall of the House of Usher and Other Writings" is a collection that displays the full force of Edgar Allen Poe's mastery of both Gothic horror and the short story form. This "Penguin Classics" edition is edited with an introduction and notes by David Galloway. This selection of Poe's critical writings, short fiction and poetry demonstrates his intense interest in aesthetic issues, and the astonishing power and imagination with which he probed the darkest corners of the human mind. "The Fall of the House of Usher" is a slow-burning Gothic horror, describing the final hours of a family tormented by tragedy and the legacy of the past. In "The Tell-Tale Heart", a murderer's insane delusions threaten to betray him, while stories such as "The Pit and the Pendulum", "The Raven" and "The Cask of Amontillado" explore extreme states of decadence, fear and hate. In his introduction David Galloway re-examines the myths surrounding Poe's life and reputation. This edition includes a new chronology and suggestions for further reading. Although dissipated in his youth and plagued by mental instability towards the end of his life, Boston-born Edgar Allan Poe (1809-49) had a variety of occupations, including service in the US army and magazine editor, as well as his remarkable literary output. If you enjoyed "The Fall of the House of Usher", you might like Horace Walpole's "The Castle of Otranto", also available in "Penguin Classics". "The most original genius that America has produced". (Alfred, Lord Tennyson). "Poe has entered our popular consciousness as no other American writer". ("The New York Times Book Review").


The forecast of the time of arrival of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) to Earth is of critical importance for our high−technology society and for the Earth's upper atmosphere status and LEO satellites. We realized a procedure based on the Drag−Based Model which uses probability distributions, rather than exact values, as input parameters, and allows the evaluation of the uncertainty on the forecast. We tested this approach using a set of CMEs whose transit times are known, obtaining extremely promising results. We realized a real−time implementation of this algorithm which ingests the outputs of automated CME tracking algorithms as inputs to provide early warning for those CME approaching Earth. We present the results of this real−time fast warning procedure for the case of the 2018 February 12 th CME.


The holotype of the upper Campanian ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi n. gen., n. sp., from James Ross Island, Antarctica, is described. Diagnostic characters include short cervicals (centrum length about 70% of the centrum height), distal caudal vertebrae with transverse processes well developed (centrum width including the transverse processes exceeds 30% of the posterior articulation width) and dorsoventrally depressed, and the presence of smooth, sub-circular osteoderms, surrounded by a mosaic of smaller polygonal osteoderms with a rugose surface texture and tiny, button-like ossicles. While a number of features, such as relatively large teeth with respect to the mandible and the presence of an asymmetrical cingulum, suggest an affinity with the Nodosauridae, others such as the dorsoventrally depressed morphology of the distal caudal vertebrae and, especially, the presence of ossified tendons on their ventral side, characterize the Ankylosauridae. This uncertainty impedes evaluation of the paleobiogeographi cal significance of this new species of dinosaur. RESUME


We introduce a novel method to calculate the local dispersion relation in photonic crystal waveguides, based on the finite-difference time-domain simulation and filter diagonalization method (FDM). In comparison with the spatial Fourier transform method (SFT), the highly local dispersion calculations based on FDM are considerably superior and pronounced. For the first time to our knowledge, the presented numerical technique allows comparing the dispersion in straight and bent waveguides.


The iohexol injection plasma clearance method is a good alternative to the inulin clearance method for determination of GFR, but requires multiple blood samples. To avoid this, methods have been developed which derive GFR from a formula that uses a single plasma concentration of the tracer and anthropometric data. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a single plasma sample taken after iohexol injection allows reliable estimation of GFR. In this study, results of single-point determination were compared with those obtained by multiple-point plasma clearance. The GFR of 686 outpatients with different degrees of renal function were recalculated by use of the Jacobsson formula. The optimum time for sampling was found at 10 h after injection of the marker for clearances < 40 mL/min per 1.73 m2, 4 h for clearances between 40 and 99 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and 3 h for clearances > 100 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Results documented that for 75% of the patients, the simplified technique gave an error between -5% to +5% in the evaluation of GFR; for the remaining 25% of the patients, prediction error ranged from -22% to +40%. Furthermore, despite a highly significant correlation between multiple-point iohexol clearance (six plasma samples) and the single-point method (Y = 0.968X + 1.704, r2 = 0.988), the regression intercept was statistically different from 0 and the standard error of the slope estimate established that 95% confidence interval did not include 1.0 (the line of identity), thus indicating that the model can be rejected by the data at a significance level of 0.05. Thus the single-plasma-sample method to determine GFR after radiocontrast injection does not represent a real advantage over the multiple-point method and may lead to unacceptable errors in GFR calculation.


Can you see that my lessons are [...] improvised, yet they are improvised with a method. [...] It's all the time improvisation but it has a method in it, therefore it's jazz. […] It's playing music on certain notes, making variations on a theme, and therefore it's a real learning. It's a lived thing. (Feldenkrais (1975: 155)
Our daily life appears to us so simple and direct that we often fail to see its richness and appreciate its beauty. Nonetheless, it is a refined choreography of behavioural coordination. (Maturana, and Varela 1992: 233)
The desire to develop this journal volume on Feldenkrais and creativity in collaboration with the IFF emerged from the symposium '(re)storing performance - The Feldenkrais Method and Creative Practice', staged at Bath Spa University (UK) in 2015. The symposium brought together an international team of thirty artists, scholars and Feldenkrais practitioners to inquire, through practice and theoretical debate, the potential of the Feldenkrais Method® to facilitate creative practice within the performing arts, and of framing the Feldenkrais Method as creative practice per se. The symposium launched the Special Issue on Moshe Feldenkrais of the journal Theatre, Dance and Performance Training (TDPT), edited by Libby Worth and Dick McCaw, and aimed to articulate new processes, connections, limitations and emerging problems. How do we develop new, extended, practices through the meeting of Feldenkrais' educational modalities and artistic discourses? What hybrid practices emerge through a collage or layering of these diverse practices? How do such meetings of processes clarify, expand, support or limit one another?
Moshe Feldenkrais repeatedly used artistic metaphors to describe his practices in non-dualist ways, such as 'compositions', 'improvisation', or the act of 'dancing together' (Goldfarb 1990) and activates reflective and transformative learning through embodied modalities, strategies and devices which can be called 'choreographic' (Kampe 2013, 2015, 2016). In similar ways Humberto Maturana and Francesco Varela described the human organic interaction with the world as 'a structural dance in the choreography of coexistence' (1992: 248). Current Enactivist transdisciplinary discourses on contemporary choreography, likewise, reframe the role of the choreographer as 'engineering the determining conditions of personhood' (Noe 2009), thus into close proximity of the organic educational concerns embedded in the Feldenkrais Method.
The title of this journal volume leans on philosopher Michel Foucault's writings on 'pratiques de liberte' - practices of freedom (1997). Foucault proposes the possibility of a 'conscious practice of freedom' (1997: 284), as a 'care of the self' towards the freeing and producing of one's own subjectivity, by inventing alternative practices which embrace 'complex relationships with others' and 'a way of caring for others' (1997: 287). The title implies that the Feldenkrais Method and contemporary creative arts processes and research cultures share such ethical concern in the meeting of these diverse practices.


In this paper, we propose a novel decentralised control mechanism to manage micro-storage in the smart grid. Our approach uses an adaptive pricing scheme that energy suppliers apply to home smart agents controlling micro-storage devices. In particular, we prove that the interaction between a supplier using our pricing scheme and the actions of selfish micro-storage agents forms a globally stable feedback loop that converges to an efficient equilibrium. We further propose a market strategy that allows the supplier to reduce wholesale purchasing costs without increasing the uncertainty and variance for its aggregate consumer demand. Moreover, we empirically evaluate our mechanism (based on the UK grid data) and show that it yields savings of up to 16% in energy cost for consumers using storage devices with average capacity 10 kWh. Furthermore, we show that it is robust against extreme system changes.


By explicitly writing the equations of motion for highly relativistic electrons in an electromagnetic field we show the equivalence between the magnetostatic and optical (laser) undulator‐based free electron lasers (FELs). In order to gain insight into the physics behind both FEL mechanisms we use a simplified approach developed in Ref. 1 to describe the optical amplification process. By using elementary physics we explain the phenomenon of microbunching, caused by the interaction of electrons with the emitted wave, which leads to coherent emission of radiation and is the essential ingredient in the lasing effect of a FEL. With our simplified model we derive the two main FEL parameters – the gain and saturation lengths. Finally, we discuss the potential advantages of using an optical instead of a magnetostatic undulator in a FEL. With our approach the physics behind FELs becomes evident and accessible to researchers outside the specialized field.


Abstract Deriving glacier outlines from satellite data has become increasingly popular in the past decade. In particular when glacier outlines are used as a base for change assessment, it is important to know how accurate they are. Calculating the accuracy correctly is challenging, as appropriate reference data (e.g. from higher-resolution sensors) are seldom available. Moreover, after the required manual correction of the raw outlines (e.g. for debris cover), such a comparison would only reveal the accuracy of the analyst rather than of the algorithm applied. Here we compare outlines for clean and debris-covered glaciers, as derived from single and multiple digitizing by different or the same analysts on very high- (1 m) and medium-resolution (30 m) remote-sensing data, against each other and to glacier outlines derived from automated classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Results show a high variability in the interpretation of debris-covered glacier parts, largely independent of the spatial resolution (area differences were up to 30%), and an overall good agreement for clean ice with sufficient contrast to the surrounding terrain (differences ∼5%). The differences of the automatically derived outlines from a reference value are as small as the standard deviation of the manual digitizations from several analysts. Based on these results, we conclude that automated mapping of clean ice is preferable to manual digitization and recommend using the latter method only for required corrections of incorrectly mapped glacier parts (e.g. debris cover, shadow).


Objective. Tuberculosis control in foreign-born populations is a major public health concern for Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States, large immigrant- and refugee-receiving countries that comprise the Immigration and Refugee Health Working Group (IRHWG). Identifying and comparing immigration and distribution of foreign-born tuberculosis cases are important for developing targeted and collaborative interventions. Methods. Data stratified by year and country of birth from 2005 to 2009 were received from these five countries. Immigration totals, tuberculosis case totals, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) case totals from source countries were analyzed and compared to reveal similarities and differences for each member of the group. Results. Between 2005 and 2009, there were a combined 31,785,002 arrivals, 77,905 tuberculosis cases, and 888 MDR TB cases notified at the federal level in the IRHWG countries. India, China, Vietnam, and the Philippines accounted for 41.4% of the total foreign-born tuberculosis cases and 42.7% of the foreign-born MDR tuberculosis cases to IRHWG. Interpretation. Collaborative efforts across a small number of countries have the potential to yield sizeable gains in tuberculosis control for these large immigrant- and refugee-receiving countries.


This thesis analyzes the impact of financial analysts' price targets on stock prices. According to the efficient market hypothesis, all information should be incorporated in the stock price, meaning that financial analysts' price targets should not influence the stock price. Further, we investigate if volatility or tangibility have an impact on the extend of the stock price changes. Using the event study methodology, we analyze if any abnormal returns occur the days surrounding the event date. We define an event as consensus stock price target change of more than three percent. Our most important results are: First, when a new price target is released, on average stock prices move in the same direction as the analysts' price targets. Second, downgrades lead to a stronger price reaction than upgrades. Third, both tangibility and volatility influence how strongly a stock responds to the price target. We see that low volatile stocks and high tangible stocks respond to a lower degree than their counterparts. Our paper also includes suggestions for further research on this topic and concludes that financial analysts' price targets do impact stock prices. ii 1002935 0933216 GRA 19502


A dual-frequency dual-circularly polarised patch antenna with wide beamwidth is proposed. The two-layer structure comprises circular patches with offset circular slots connected to rectangular slots. They provide orthogonal perturbations realising RHCP and LHCP for the lower and upper bands, respectively. The wide beamwidth is realised by extending the substrate beyond the groundplane. Measurements show a maximum beamwidth of 180deg and gains of 3.9 and 0.5 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively, for the upper band. The measured beamwidth for the low band is 130deg with a maximum gain of 3.9 and -0.7 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively. The axial-ratio is less than 3 dB in the hemisphere for elevations greater than 10deg for both bands.