This article studies how different forms of disruption of creative exchanges between music and dance can be conceptualised. These explorations are the results of two editions of the choreographic research project Estancias Coreograficas (Spain, 2017 and 2018). The sources of these explorations are varied: from participants' questionnaires to a symposium on music and dance. The article proposes a conceptualisation of the possible collaborations between contemporary forms of music and dance, and, at the same time, discusses the conceptual practice which is constituted in this collaboration in itself. Exploring the documentation of two intensive research processes in which music and dance were put in relation—something which is common in choreography but perhaps not so often systematically studied in practical environments—the article proposes that through the conceptualisation of the many forms, concepts, and possibilities that these collaborations offer, the moment of exchange in itself emerges as a conceptual practice. This, of course, makes the conceptualisation somewhat vague and complicates the exploration. In this context, the concept of disruption becomes more enticing as an understanding of artistic exchanges. There is a sense in which the interactions between choreographers, composers, researchers and practitioners can be understood as a form of "disordering".


LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for determining what you need to practice to pass the Linux Professional Institute exams. This book will help you determine when you're ready to take the exams, which are technically challenging and designed to reflect the skills that administrators need in real working environments.As more corporations adopt Linux as the networking backbone for their IT systems, the demand for certified technicians will become even greater. Passing the LPI exams will broaden your career options because the LPIC is the most widely known and respected Linux certification program in the world. Linux Journal recognized the LPI as the best Training and Certification Program. The exams were developed by the Linux Professional Institute, an international, volunteer-driven organization with affiliates in a dozen countries.The core LPI exams cover two levels. Level 1 tests a basic knowledge of Linux installation, configuration, and command-line skills. Level 2 goes into much more depth regarding system troubleshooting and network services such as email and the Web. The second edition of LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell is a thoroughly researched reference to these exams. The book is divided into four parts, one for each of the LPI exams. Each part features not only a summary of the core skills you need, but sample exercises and test questions, along with helpful hints to let you focus your energies.Major topics include:GNU and Unix commandsLinux installation and package managementDevices, filesystems, and kernel configurationText editing, processing, and printingThe X Window SystemNetworking fundamentals and troubleshootingSecurity, including intrusion detection, SSH, Kerberos, and moreDNS, DHCP, file sharing, and other networking infrastructureEmail, FTP, and Web servicesPraise for the first edition: "Although O'Reilly's Nutshell series are intended as 'Desktop Reference' manuals, I have to recommend this one as a good all-round read; not only as a primer for LPI certification, but as an excellent introductory text on GNU/Linux. In all, this is a valuable addition to O'Reilly's already packed stable of Linux titles and I look forward to more from the author." --First Monday


In many areas of the world, there has been an earlier indigenous population, which has been conquered by a more recent population group. In Social Welfare with Indigenous Peoples, the editors and contributors examine the treatment of many indigenous populations from five continental areas: Africa (Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe); Australasia, New Zealand; Central and South America (Brazil, Mexico); Europe (Scandinavia, Spain) and North America. They found that, regardless of whether the newer immigrants became the majority population, as in North America, or the minority population, such as in Africa, there were many similarities in how the indigenous peoples were treated and in their current situations. This treatment is examined from many perspectives: political subjugation; negligence; shifting focus of social policy; social and legal discrimination; provision of social services; and ethnic, cultural and political rejuvenation.


Following the events of September 11, 2001, the Department of Justice promulgated a new Bureau of Prisons (BOP) rule that authorizes the government to monitor certain attorney-client conversations in the interests of public safety and national security. Because the BOP rule arguably will not survive scrutiny under traditional Sixth Amendment jurisprudence, the Department of Justice may wish to argue for the creation of a Sixth Amendment public-safety exception akin to that found in the context of the Miranda warnings. In this note, the author posits that support for such an exception under the Sixth Amendment can be premised on the Supreme Court's holding in Dickerson v. United States that Miranda warnings are constitutionally based within the framework of the Fifth Amendment. Because the Court has carved out a public-safety exception for Miranda warnings, which are now viewed as stemming from a constitutional rule, it stands to reason that the Court could do the same in the context of the Sixth Amendment. The author ultimately argues, however, that neither the Court's uncertain Fifth Amendment jurisprudence nor the policy considerations behind the Sixth Amendment justify creating a public-safety exception to the Sixth Amendment.


BACKGROUND
Both caffeine and orthostasis have known cardiovascular effects. The possible interaction between these factors remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of caffeine consumption on cardiovascular responses to head-up tilt.

METHODS
Sixteen subjects underwent three +75 degree head-up tilts: i) control, ii) acute, after a dose of 5 mg x kg(-1) body mass of caffeine or placebo, and iii) chronic, following 7 d of caffeine or placebo consumption at a daily dose of 5 mg x kg(-1) body mass. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured using a Portapres BP monitor.

RESULTS
The overall pattern of heart rate (HR) response in both caffeine and placebo groups showed a significant increase in HR after tilting for each tilt. Acute caffeine consumption significantly decreased resting HR (p < 0.05). After chronic consumption, resting HR was no longer significantly different. In the control condition, the overall pattern of response to tilt for SBP, DBP, and MAP showed no significant differences in either group. An acute dose of caffeine caused a significant fall (p < 0.05) in all BP variables in response to tilt. This effect was also seen after chronic caffeine consumption in SBP and MAP, but not in DBP.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that both acute and chronic consumption of caffeine can lead to impaired cardiovascular function after exposure to an orthostatic challenge. This impaired function, reflected in a decreased resting HR and an inability to maintain MAP, is potentially due to impaired baroreflex function.


This memo specifies a standard for the Internet community. Hosts on
the Internet that choose to implement ISO transport services on top of
the TCP are expected to adopt and implement this standard. TCP port
102 is reserved for hosts which implement this standard. This memo
specifies version 3 of the protocol and supersedes RFC-983. Changes
between the protocol is described in RFC-983 and this memo are minor,
but unfortunately incompatible.


Today leading VLSI experts predict a hard wall for CMOS and other conventional fabrication technology due to fundamental physical limits (ultra-thin gate oxide, short channel effects, doping fluctuations, etc.), and increasingly difficult and expensive lithography in nanoscale. Extensive research conducted in recent years at nanoscale aiming to surpass CMOS has proposed Quantum Dot Cellular Automata as a viable alternative for nanoscale computing. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) paradigm is an innovatory approach to computing, which encodes binary information by means of charge configuration of nanostructures instead of current switching devices. The fundamental building block of QCA devices is the QCA cell, and electrostatic interaction between neighboring cells governs the design of all QCA wires and logic gates. The two primary logic elements in QCA technology are: majority voter and inverter. Binary wires and inverter chains are used for interconnection purposes. Logic operation AND, and OR can be achieved by maneuvering inputs to the majority voter. Clocking enables precise control over timing and data flow direction, as well as power gain in QCA circuits. Also proper clocking can achieve computational pipelining and can drastically reduce circuit power dissipation. Manufacturing of a QCA cell is expected to result in defects like cell displacement, misalignment, and absence of cell or additional cell in circuitry, causing the circuit to exhibit faulty behavior. So a well-defined testing scheme becomes necessary for this technology. Though the technology is different from conventional CMOS design, it is shown to be effective and realistic to use existing testing schemes at this stage. Stuck-at (s-a-v) fault model is quite acceptable in this regard in spite of the fact, that this model does not incorporate all the defective behaviors occurring in the fabrication process. With this in view, single stuck-at value faults have been considered for testing QCA circuits. In this thesis a new strategy for designing QCA logic, exhaustively testable for single s-a-v faults, is presented. In particular, the method facilitates QCA functionality testing. Any combinational logic can be implemented using only AND-OR gates (with negated signals available), and in QCA this generally results in reduced test set for exhaustive fault detection within the data path. Previously this strategy was used for QCA logic testing considering only primary inputs (either true or complemented, but not both) feeding different majority voters, which fails for general circuits where fanouts are allowed for primary inputs and their complement. Here, a design scheme has been proposed which makes testing possible for any combinational QCA circuit. The extension to modular design testing is also presented. Two design approaches are proposed for testing modular and non-modular logic. The first design uses 2 n ( n = primary inputs) ' Test Enable ' majority voters, and is tested with two 4-bit vectors regardless of complexity of design and the input size. Second design employs n majority voters for the same purpose, thus requiring lesser number of majority voters, but at the price of increased vector length. Application specific conditions would decide which design becomes optimal. Without going into the features of a particular QCA fabrication, errors on logic level is addressed, such that the approach achieves generality, and could be applied to any particular implementation of QCA. Also to overcome the fault masking in modular circuit design, a solution has been presented. To verify the scheme, a simulation and layout tool, QCADesigner version 2.0.3 was used. First the fault free circuit was designed and simulated. Then random s-a-v faults were injected in different locations of data path. In all cases, 100% fault coverage was achieved confirming the validity of proposed approach


Facebook is under fire on several fronts and with good reason. Regulators strive to make sense of and address a plethora of seemingly unrelated issues that arise from the operation of its platform. These range from antitrust, privacy violations, dissemination of harmful content and speech, deception and polarisation to political manipulation. This paper identifies Facebook's unrestricted and excessive data collection as a unifying theme that requires immediate antitrust action. Once a privacy-oriented social network, Facebook soon mutated into a surveillance machine designed to hoover people's personal data to identify and understand people's interests, preferences and emotions and turn that knowledge into profit through the sale of targeted ads. Since people's innate preference for privacy stood in the way of Facebook's growth, Facebook resorted to privacy intrusions and deception to access as much user data as possible, thereby gaining market power. Currently, its overwhelming dominant position in the social media market means that no matter how much data Facebook extracts from users, how transparent its information about its data processing practices is and how many privacy scandals ensue from its reckless handling of data, users have nowhere else to go. This paper provides a course of action to correct this unacceptable anticompetitive outcome. The imposition of unfair commercial terms on consumers, the distortion of the competitive process through privacy violations and misleading practices, the squeezing of news publishers' traffic and foreclosure of actual and potential competitors by Facebook, can be stopped. A combination of data and consumer protection measures alone cannot stop Facebook's actions, but antitrust enforcement can be used to curb Facebook's ability to reinforce its data-driven abuse of its market power.


Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200‐ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post‐harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre‐implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5 mm (RC = 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002–2003 (ΔT/WS = 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The State Practice of India and the Development of International Law by Bimal N. Patel provides a critical analysis of India's state practice and development of international law.


Title: ARGUING THEIR WAY AROUND THE WORLD: AN EXHIBITION PROPOSAL FOR THE 1927 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON WORLD DEBATE TOUR Utilizing visitor-centered, interpretive exhibition theories to enhance library displays. This historical and interpretive study explores the archival collection of the University of Oregon 1927 World Debate Tour. The development of an interpretive exhibition proposal on the subject for Special Collections at Knight Library on the UO campus provide a focus for the study. Key museum literature sources on exhibition development, audience learning, and interpretation guide the study. The key literature sources were synthesized with descriptive data from historical research of the archival collection to produce the exhibition proposal. This study provides Special Collections with some fundamental background information in exhibition theories and methods, a model of how interpretive exhibition methods could be applied to their collections, and a proposal framework to apply to other collections and subjects in the future.


This research investigates ways of shaping time and identifying the characteristics of time that evolve in my art practice with reference to a synthesis of two and three-dimensional material, sound, and video. The nature of this study is a three-way material exchange between theoretical discourses, my practice, and audience response. The theoretical discourse includes a survey of the notions of time from different fields of knowledge from science, literature, anthropology, and memory studies. Additionally, an analysis of two contemporary installations, Normal & Nature by a Thai artist, Kamin Lertchaiprasert, and Going Forth by Day by an American artist, Bill Viola, is included.

Project 1, A solo show by Toeingam Srisubut, featured three art pieces: time-scape, container site, and ... and a real TV. The first project explored the potential media that can give shape to time and make the characteristics of time explicit. My evaluation of this project focuses on analysing the characteristics of time that grow out of my three works, and examining the audience's multiple readings of time that reveal various indicators, e.g. spaces, narratives, audience's and my memories, and certain Thai social and economic elements.

In Project 2, a sound and performance installation Rush Hour, narrative, space, and audience participation are considered specifically. I am testing out how effective the three indicators can give shape to time, and identifying the different characteristics of time of the installation placed in a specific environment of Koh Samui.

Project 3, a mix-media installation, When I grow rich, say the bells of Shoreditch, re-tested the three indicators. This project demonstrates my personal, cultural engagements and interpretations of these indicators. The research identifies further areas for potential studies within various aspects of time as well as practical ways of giving shape to it.


Objectives To estimate the association between rates of police-related deaths and neighborhood residential segregation (by income, race/ethnicity, or both combined) in the United States. Methods We identified police-related deaths that occurred in the United States (2015-2016) using a data set from the Guardian newspaper. We used census data to estimate expected police-related death counts for all US census tracts and to calculate the Index of Concentration at the Extremes as a segregation measure. We used multilevel negative binomial models for the analyses. Results Overall, police-related death rates were highest in neighborhoods with the greatest concentrations of low-income residents (vs high-income residents) and residents of color (vs non-Hispanic White residents). For non-Hispanic Blacks, however, the risk was greater in the quintile of neighborhoods with the highest concentration of non-Hispanic White residents than in certain neighborhoods with relatively higher concentrations of residents of color (the third and fourth quintiles). Conclusions Neighborhood context matters-beyond individual race/ethnicity-for understanding, preventing, and responding to the occurrence of police-related deaths. Public Health Implications Efforts to monitor, prevent, and respond to police-related deaths should consider neighborhood context, including levels of segregation by income and race/ethnicity.


Toxisarcon alba n. sp., is a giant, naked marine foraminiferan recorded at two locations on the west coast of Scotland, UK. Individuals were found buried or semi-buried in well-oxygenated silty sand at 10 to 30 m water depth. A distinctive, slightly raised mound of 18–40 mm diameter, through which there were many perforations, indicated the presence of an individual on the seabed. Partial removal of the overlying sediment revealed the naked opaque, white, sticky cell body. Toxisarcon alba exists in three distinct forms. In the most commonly occurring form (and the only form observed in the field), the central portion of the cytoplasm extends peripherally into numerous large cytoplasmic extensions and reticulopodia (branched form). In aquaria, some individuals transformed into a consolidated form (spheroid form) by retracting most or all of the reticulopods resulting in a cell with a very well defined edge. On four occasions a third very diffuse form, resembling a fungal mycelium, was observed where reticulopodia were spread over the sediment surface. The closest related species, based on analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences, is the newly described Toxisarcon synsuicidica .


A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivatives (4a-4t), containing the dinitrobenzotrifluoride moiety, as DNA gyrase inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Based on the preliminary results, compounds 4d, 4f and 4t with potent inhibitory activity in bacterial growth may be wonderful antibacterial agents; among them, compound 4t displayed the most potent activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3.125, 0.39, 0.39 and 0.39 μg mL(-1) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli respectively, which was comparable with penicillin and kanamycin B with corresponding MIC values of 3.125, 3.125, 0.39, 0.39 μg mL(-1) and 1.562, 1.562, 1.562, 1.562 μg mL(-1), respectively. In particular, compound 4d showed the most potent anti-Gram-positive bacterial activity with a MIC value of 0.39 μg mL(-1) against the tested Gram-positive bacterial strains and exhibited the most potent B. subtilis DNA gyrase and S. aureus DNA gyrase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.125 μg mL(-1). Docking simulation was performed to insert compound 4d into the S. aureus DNA gyrase active site to determine the probable binding conformation.


We develop a generalized coupled-mode model for multistripe index-guided laser arrays that includes explicitly the influence of carrier-induced antiguiding, gain guiding, and carrier diffusion in the gain stripe. As an illustration of an application of the model, stability criteria for two-element laser arrays are derived that show that the phase-locked solution is intrinsically unstable. We find that the phase-locked solution can be stabilized at a low external injection-locking power at the suitably chosen injection-locking frequency. We have tested our model in the large carrier-diffusion case and still find good qualitative agreement between the coupled-mode model and a full coupled partial differential equation model.


The distribution of aflatoxin concentration has been measured by sampling 19 process streams ranging from 1 to 1000 nuts/sample. The 19 streams comprise substantially the entire sorted product of one producer for crop year 1992. Similar results were obtained by another producer for 1993. The fraction of total aflatoxin accounted for by each process stream was computed. It was concluded that 90% of aflatoxin is contained in 4.6% of (low-quality) product; removal of this product would reduce average aflatoxin from 1.2 to 0.12 ng/g for all product sold for human consumption. On the basis of the aflatoxin distributions of the processed as well as an unprocessed stream, the conclusion is drawn that all aflatoxin found here arises in the orchard; none is produced under normal processing conditions. It is estimated that the necessary sample size (in terms of the sample mean and desired variance of the mean) for aflatoxin measurement in pistachios is given by number of nuts ) (8 10 5 ng/g) mean/variance.


South and South East Asia has produced some of the most dynamic, experimental, and commercially successful English-language novels of the post-war period. This wide-ranging volume, which comprises specially commissioned chapters from critics working in the fields of postcolonial and global literature, covers key authors, national traditions, and major themes and genres, providing an unrivalled survey of the South and South East Asian anglophone novel. The Oxford History of the Novel in English: Volume 10. The Novel in South and South East Asia since 1945 employs a unique three-part structure covering South Asia, South East Asia, and 'cross-border' fictions and is the first work of its kind to provide a single comparative assessment of the novel across South and South East Asia, and in migrant lines of travel in and beyond these regions. Both an introduction and a scholarly resource, it covers internationally recognized novelists but also showcases forgotten, under-represented writers and their works. The volume provides comprehensive survey chapters on individual national traditions, comprising the anglophone novel of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mainland China, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Myanmar. Its historical and geographical reach takes in late colonial fictions, war-novels of Korea and Vietnam, and autobiographical fictions of the Chinese Cultural Revolution; its formal scope spans multi-volume historical epics, political fictions, and graphic novels. The development of the South and South East Asian novel in English is further contextualized in chapters on publishing and book history, and new forms of genre fiction, making this volume an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and general readers.


Curating the Crimea: The Cultural Afterlife of a Conflict This interdisciplinary thesis explores how the Crimean War (1854-56) has registered in British consciousness since the conflict's outbreak. It draws extensively on the National Army Museum's (NAM) rich collection of archives, paintings, prints, medals and objects. The thesis situates NAM's collection in a wider material context, by drawing upon collections held elsewhere. It therefore provides an important overview of the conflict's material legacy in Britain. This material heritage is used to document and assess the War's mixed reception over time, its powerful associations of pride and shame surrounding certain events, concepts and personalities. Chapter 1 frames the War's key debates surrounding military mismanagement by contrasting two of its early and influential chroniclers: the historian Alexander Kinglake and journalist William Russell. Their distinct ideological dispositions demonstrate the War's contested nature and different Victorian ideals of war and soldiering. Chapter 2 accounts for the exceptional status of the eponymously named Charge of the Light Brigade, tracing its afterlife to the turn of the twentieth century. It looks at various strategies for negotiating its futile outcome, from traditional forms of individual heroworship through to the impact of Tennyson's tribute to a 'noble six hundred' in wartime and in the late-Victorian period. Chapter 3 explores further the public status of the Army through the media influence of the monarchy in the aftermath of the Crimean War, an aspect of the War which has been neglected. Mediated royal acts of sympathy towards sick and wounded soldiers and the institution of the Victoria Cross are contextualised against royal anxiety about its loss of influence over the Army. This chapter discusses in detail a striking set of royal photographs showing wounded soldiers, which are an important source for discussing apprehension of suffering. Chapter 4 traces the public faces of Florence Nightingale, outlining the nature and consequences of Victorian investment in Nightingale as a benevolent Army presence before turning to posthumous responses to Nightingale's personality and work. It assesses for the first time objects and public memorials associated with Nightingale and their role during the First and Second World Wars. The Crimean War was the only Victorian war on a European scale and involved increasingly direct forms of communication between civilians and war workers. This project assesses how public knowledge of the operations, failures and losses of the War led to affirming and subversive responses in the Victorian imagination and beyond. These responses reveal the social, political and emotional conflicts engendered by war, which are of continued relevance to the public conscience.


Over the past two decades, the concept of 'urban resilience' has gained increasing attention within the field of urban planning. More recently, interest in the concept can be partly linked to the recent global economic crisis, which has stimulated much debate around pre-crisis urban development models, and more broadly around the ability of modern planning systems to adequately adapt and respond to changing circumstances. This paper reviews the scholarly literature on urban resilience and concludes that despite its increasing ubiquity, the concept still lacks precise definition, and operationalising the concept within the planning domain remains a challenge. Specifically, the paper highlights the importance of distinguishing between 'equilibrium' and 'evolutionary' understandings of resilience, with particular focus on the potential of the evolutionary perspective to aid analysis of local planning responses to the recent global economic crisis. In doing so, the paper also queries the potential contribution of new institutionalism, and discursive institutionalism in particular, in enhancing our understanding of the resilience concept in this context, and in addressing some of the common critiques attached to it.


This paper examines the large, steady, and continuing growth of the Big Three index fund managers—BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors. We show that there is a real prospect that index funds will continue to grow, and that voting in most significant public companies will come to be dominated by the future "Giant Three." We begin by analyzing the drivers of the rise of the Big Three, including the structural factors that are leading to the heavy concentration of the index funds sector. We then provide empirical evidence about the past growth and current status of the Big Three, and their likely growth into the Giant Three. Among other things, we document that the Big Three have almost quadrupled their collective ownership stake in SP that they have captured the overwhelming majority of the inflows into the asset management industry over the past decade; that each of them now manages 5% or more of the shares in a vast number of public companies; and that they collectively cast an average of about 25% of the votes at S&P 500 companies. We then extrapolate from past trends to estimate the future growth of the Big Three. We estimate that the Big Three could well cast as much as 40% of the votes in S&P 500 companies within two decades. Policymakers and others must recognize—and must take seriously—the prospect of a Giant Three scenario. The plausibility of this scenario makes it important to understand the incentives of index fund managers, a topic that we study in other work.


This paper presents the design and construction of a software translator that serves as a foundation, or central engine, around which an entire engineering software system can be constructed. To provide the user with a powerful interface to drive an application, a high-level procedural language similar to FORTRAN or BASIC is integrated into the translator. An application shell was also written to provide the user with an interactive command line environment for using the translator. The translator, language, and application shell together mechanize a programming and command interpreter environment. Users can interactively enter commands from the keyboard or load and process prewritten macro files from disk. The language gives users the ability to create variables, arrays, and functions, process complex mathematical expressions, and develop sophisticated macro programs. The language is quite capable of solving very complex engineering problems. Several engineering examples are presented including a solution to a four-bar crank mechanism, adding a material library to an application, a command line integration solver, a Runge-Kutta routine for solving sets of differential equations, and a convolution integral routine. The translator is modular, easily extensible, written entirely in C/C++, and readily portable to different platforms. A set of diagnostic tools is integrated into the translator to aid the developer in future development work. Complete theory and design details for all phases of the translator and language are presented. Performance issues are studied including a comparison against C/C++ and MS-DOS Qbasic. Exploration in application integration for a simulation package similar to CSMP is investigated. A complete Language and Compiler Guide is supplied with the program.


Abstract. To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events.


Time-lapse live cell imaging has been increasingly employed by biological and biomedical researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms in cell physiology and development by investigating behavior of cells. This trend has led to a huge amount of image data, the analysis of which becomes a bottleneck in related research. Consequently, how to efficiently analyze the data is emerging as one of the major challenges in the fields.
Computer vision analysis of non-fluorescent microscopy images, representatively phase-contrast microscopy images, promises to realize a long-term monitoring of live cell behavior with minimal perturbation and human intervention. To take a step forward to such a system, this thesis proposes computer vision algorithms that monitor cell growth, migration, and differentiation by detecting three cellular events—mitosis (cell division), apoptosis (programmed cell death), and differentiation—and tracking individual cells. Among the cellular events, to the best our knowledge, apoptosis and a certain type of differentiation, namely muscle myotubes, have never been detected without fluorescent labeling. We address these challenging problems by developing computer vision algorithms adopting phase contrast microscopy. We also significantly improve the accuracy of mitosis detection and cell tracking in phase contrast microscopy over previous methods, particularly under non-trivial conditions, such as high cell density or confluence. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods in biological research by analyzing cell behavior in scratch wound healing assays. The automated system that we are pursuing would lead to a new paradigm of biological research by enabling quantitative and individualized assessment in behavior of a large population of intact cells.


In the summer of 2012, the IFA-NYU Selinunte Mission began to explore the interior of the cella of Temple R. This excavation showed that the Classical and Archaic layers had been sealed by a deep fill of the Hellenistic period and left untouched by earlier archaeological research at the site. Among the discoveries was a series of votive depositions against the walls, dating back to the sixth century BCE. One of the most striking finds among the votive depositions was the discovery of two parts of a bone aulos, which can be dated to 570 BCE. The virtual reconstruction of the aulos found in Temple R at Selinus aims to study the acoustic and morphological attributes of the ancient musical instrument, but also to increase and improve the scientific investigation by overcoming the limitations caused by the instrument's fragility. Digital technology allowed us to produce a 3D model of the aulos. This digital model has been translated into a three-dimensional artificial copy, using polymer as a material. Our goal is to reconstruct the aulos after analysing its organological characteristic and, if possible, discover its scale. We hope that this new study of the aulos will increase our knowledge of Ancient Greek music.


The performance of the Sudanese economy is an enigma of failures even with all the potentials of country's resources. The failure started since the year 1970 and continued the descent even with massive economic support during the following decades. Excluding the political instability and the epidemic of corruption that continued to engulf the economy, there are reasons that mismanagement affected the economic performance. The entry of oil production into the Sudanese economy did not improve the macroeconomic situation, services or income per capita, but resulted in escalating the urge of the authorities to control money supply. There were signs that ill-policies strangulated the economy. Moreover, there are strong signs that the real economic production sectors deteriorated in its outputs and income sharing.


This collection of essays investigates some of the theories and concepts related to the burgeoning presence of dance and performance in the museum. This surge has led to significant revisions of the roles and functions that museums currently play in society. The authors provide key analyses on why and how museums are changing by looking into participatory practices and decolonisation processes, the shifting relationship with the visitor/spectator, the introduction of digital practices in collection making and museum curation, and the creation of increasingly complex documentation practices. The tasks designed by artists who are involved in the European project Dancing Museums. The Democracy of Beings (2018-21) respond to the essays by suggesting a series of body-mind practices that readers could perform between the various chapters to experience how theory may affect their bodies.


Background Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement cannot provide an adhesive chemical bonding to form a stable cement-bone interface. Bioactive bone cements show bone bonding ability, but their clinical application is limited because bone resorption is observed after implantation. Porous polymethylmethacrylate can be achieved with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose, alginate and gelatin microparticles to promote bone ingrowth, but the mechanical properties are too low to be used in orthopedic applications. Bone ingrowth into cement could decrease the possibility of bone resorption and promote the formation of a stable interface. However, scarce literature is reported on bioactive bone cements that allow bone ingrowth. In this paper, we reported a porous surface modified bioactive bone cement with desired mechanical properties, which could allow for bone ingrowth. Materials and Methods The porous surface modified bioactive bone cement was evaluated to determine its handling characteristics, mechanical properties and behavior in a simulated body fluid. The in vitro cellular responses of the samples were also investigated in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, bone ingrowth was examined in a rabbit femoral condyle defect model by using micro-CT imaging and histological analysis. The strength of the implant–bone interface was also investigated by push-out tests. Results The modified bone cement with a low content of bioactive fillers resulted in proper handling characteristics and adequate mechanical properties, but slightly affected its bioactivity. Moreover, the degree of attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast cells was also increased. The results of the push-out test revealed that higher interfacial bonding strength was achieved with the modified bone cement because of the formation of the apatite layer and the osseointegration after implantation in the bony defect. Conclusions Our findings suggested a new bioactive bone cement for prosthetic fixation in total joint replacement.


Abstract Australia has numerous fossil floras suitable for paleoclimatic analysis, with potential to improve understanding of Southern Hemisphere climatic evolution. Leaf-margin analysis (LMA) is a widely used method that applies present-day correlations between the proportion of woody dicot species with untoothed leaves and mean annual temperature to estimate paleotemperatures from fossil megafloras. Australia's unique history and vegetation imply that its leaf-margin correlation might differ from other regions; these possible differences are investigated here to improve paleoclimatic interpretations. Australian rainforest vegetation shows nearly the same regression slope as recorded in East Asia and the Americas, indicating a globally convergent evolutionary response of leaf form to temperature. However, Australian sites tend to have fewer toothed species at localities with the same temperature as Asian and American sites. The following factors, singly or in combination, may account for this difference: (1) Australia's Cenozoic movement into lower latitudes, insulation from global cooling, and isolation from high-latitude cold-tolerant vegetation sources; (2) lack of high mountains as sources and refuges for cold-adapted taxa; (3) Pleistocene extinctions of cold-adapted taxa; and (4) the near absence of a cold-climate forest ecospace in Australia today. Application of Australian LMA to Australian Cenozoic floras resulted in cooler temperature estimates than other LMA regressions. However, Australian paleotemperature estimates should account for the relative importance of cold-deciduous taxa. The timing and magnitudes of the extinctions of cold-adapted lineages are not known, and the most conservative approach is to use Australian LMA as a minimum and non-Australian LMA as a maximum temperature estimate.


Resilience as a concept has found its way into different disciplines to describe the ability of an individual or system to withstand and adapt to changes in its environment. In this paper, we provide an overview of the concept in different communities and extend it to the area of mechanical engineering. Furthermore, we present metrics to measure resilience in technical systems and illustrate them by applying them to load-carrying structures. By giving application examples from the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 805, we show how the concept of resilience can be used to control uncertainty during different stages of product life.


The nature and function of Socratic irony has been much disputed in contemporary scholarship, and there is no source which offers a satisfactory account of Socratic irony. In this article I firstly argue that Socrates' disavowals of knowledge cannot be taken literally. I then argue that Socrates also has some physical habits, in particular an attitude of superiority and the appropriation of Spartan dress, which can be interpreted as ironic within their historical context, in other words that Socrates' physical actions also suggest irony. In conclusion I argue that Socratic irony has interlinked political and pedagogic functions, and I offer suggestions for the redefinition of the concept of Socratic irony which allows for these insights.


The applications of technology in instrument design contribute to the resulting sound on many levels, particularly in the context of new evolutions representing the traditional instruments of our culture. Materials technology is seldom given consideration in the description of Western string instruments, but our choices of woods, metals and synthetics can dramatically alter the sound without altering the substance of instrumental performance. In the design of modified string instruments which mimic features of natural acoustic predecessors, new technology is applied on many levels. A taxonomy is proposed for the past, present and future of instrument design. Due consideration is given to the music which results from the new sound world, especially that involving interactive electronic processing. The advantages and disadvantages of directions in instrument design for the future are evaluated within the proposed schema. Some extended techniques on the cello are proposed to be further extended with electronics, and audio examples and descriptions are provided. A model for future collaborations between composer, performer and engineer is proposed.


How does the degree or level of inquiry-based laboratory instruction impact student performance and student perseverance in the laboratory portion of a first-semester general chemistry course? In 2008, a two-year community college sought to answer this question by replacing the traditional verification laboratory curriculum with a guided-inquiry laboratory curriculum. This change provided a case study of the 'new' guided-inquiry curriculum vs. the 'old' traditional verification cuniculum. Researchers used a modified for college instruction version of The Continuum of Scientific Inquiry Rubric (Fay, Grove, Towns, & Bretz, 2007) to assess both laboratory curricula, to determine the level of inquiry incorporated into each laboratory experiment as well as the inquiry levels of both laboratory curricula overall. Student performance was evaluated via laboratory report average final grades and individual laboratory report scores, while student perseverance was measured by comparing overall completion rates oflaboratory reports and student withdrawal rates for each laboratory curriculum to determine if any relationships exist between level( s) of inquiry and student performance and student perseverance.


Significant resources around the world have been invested in neuroimaging studies of brain function and disease. Easier access to this large body of work should have profound impact on research in cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry, leading to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disease. A trend toward increased sharing of neuroimaging data has emerged in recent years. Nevertheless, a number of barriers continue to impede momentum. Many researchers and institutions remain uncertain about how to share data or lack the tools and expertise to participate in data sharing. The use of electronic data capture (EDC) methods for neuroimaging greatly simplifies the task of data collection and has the potential to help standardize many aspects of data sharing. We review here the motivations for sharing neuroimaging data, the current data sharing landscape, and the sociological or technical barriers that still need to be addressed. The INCF Task Force on Neuroimaging Datasharing, in conjunction with several collaborative groups around the world, has started work on several tools to ease and eventually automate the practice of data sharing. It is hoped that such tools will allow researchers to easily share raw, processed, and derived neuroimaging data, with appropriate metadata and provenance records, and will improve the reproducibility of neuroimaging studies. By providing seamless integration of data sharing and analysis tools within a commodity research environment, the Task Force seeks to identify and minimize barriers to data sharing in the field of neuroimaging.


ABSTRACT Increasing urban density leads to a conflict between space-use efficiency and daylight access. Cities have traditionally relied on zoning guidelines that consist of section-based geometric evaluation techniques and/or hours of access to direct sunlight. However, it is now possible to quantify the performance of detailed design proposals before construction. Annual climate-based daylighting performance metrics for urban environments can be computed accurately, in high spatial resolution and in a timely manner. Given that massing design decisions at the urban planning level may make or break the long-term daylighting potential of a whole neighbourhood, the adoption of these tools by zoning boards, developers and urban planners seems particularly relevant. A simulation-based daylighting analysis procedure reveals the capabilities for both formulating more nuanced prescriptive zoning rules as well as for use by design teams. The procedure is used to evaluate the daylighting performance of 50 block typologies in New York City (NYC). The analysis demonstrates that certain urban massing approaches (e.g. pencil towers on a contextual base) outperform conventional massing strategies. A second case study application of an actual city block shows that innovative urban massings can improve access to daylight for the massing itself as well as for neighbouring buildings.


Recent studies by the U.S. Department of Justice have found that, while adult violent crime rates continue to drop, today's juvenile offenders are the fastest growing segment among violent criminals. Moreover, the unprecedented increase in juvenile criminality is expected to result in a dramatic increase in the overall rate of violent crime as these juveniles approach majority. This article argues that most states have not adapted to the troubling reality that the juvenile offenders of today are not the hubcap-stealing youths of days gone by and that chronic adult criminality is virtually predicated on violent and repeated acts of juvenile delinquency. Most jurisdictions retain statutory provisions that allow for--or even mandate--the expungement of juvenile crime records once the juvenile approaches majority; while the records are sometimes merely sealed, most laws require that they actually be physically destroyed. The stated goal of this policy is to allow the juvenile offender to enter adulthood with a "clean slate," thereby shielding him or her from the negative effects of having a criminal record. The article conducts the first exhaustive analysis and critique of this policy, examining its philosophical origins, the "rehabilitative ideal" that it is premised on, and the consequences to the courts, employers, and law enforcement--both theoretical and practical--that flow from it. The article concludes that, even if one accepts the notion that those who have committed a juvenile indiscretion will outgrow their reckless behavior, it remains necessary to differentiate between those who in fact can be rehabilitated and those whose rehabilitative potential is negligible--a task not accomplished by most contemporary expungement statutes. Contemporary research on juvenile delinquency and the flaws in current expungement schemes provide the basis for a list of characteristics that any effective and just expungement scheme should incorporate.


Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) represents a vast development in the area of power system operation and control. As we know that under heavily loaded conditions our power system is at high risks of consequent voltage instability problem. This paper gives an overview about application of series connected Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) for improvement of power system performance like transfer stability, secure voltage profile and reduce the system losses etc. In this work, Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) is proposed for enhancing and controlling power flow using Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) for improvement of power system performance. This paper gives details of optimal placement and sizing of TCSC devices based on different evolutionary techniques which is used for minimization of transmission loss, enhancement of stability of power system. In this paper TCSC device is implemented on IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 bus systems using MATLAB platform. The results indicates that the proposed algorithm gives better improvement in system load ability, reduction of transmission loss and installation cost. Hence the proposed algorithm will be useful in optimum utilization of power networks.


Choreographer, performer, dancer Marta Ziolek in her artistic practice uses strategies deeply ingrained in wholly-mediatized culture. At her work entitled  THIS  ( TO , 2015 )  she reperforms and process' everyday practices and rematerializes digital representions and symulakra circulating in social media. For analysis of her practice an author used concepts of remediation, postmediality, postinternet art and post dance, which let interpret choreographer's practices as the processing of media scripts and formats.


This article analyzes twentieth-century tort scholarship in terms of a five-sided debate between compensation-deterrence theory, enterprise liability theory, economic deterrence theory, social justice theory, and individual justice theory. It surveys, parses, and analyzes the central interpretive and prescriptive claims made by each of these theories, exploring and exposing to criticism their underlying assumptions and commitments. The article concludes with a plea for greater theoretical self-consciousness among tort scholars, and for a shift in focus away from the strict-liability v. negligence debate.


Iterative, one-directional, boron-mediated aldol chain extensions, using the dipropionyl reagent (R)-1-(benzyloxy)-2-methylpentan-3-one 7, have enabled the highly diastereoselective assembly of the stereoregular heptapropionates 5 and 6. The synthetic sequence developed permits structural diversity through variation in the stereochemical nature of the aldolisation and reduction steps, together with the choice of the chiral ketone employed at each iteration. The heptapropionate 5 has been shown to represent an example of a fully flexible molecule, whose backbone nevertheless adopts a single preferred conformation. It forms part of a family of conformationally controlled polyols, exploiting the avoidance of syn-pentane interactions and the preference for preorganisation through intramolecular hydrogen bonding.


The advances made by modern Spanish architecture from the 1940s, when it lay in silence and obscurity, to the 1990s, when it received worldwide acclaim, is a dramatic story, probably the most remarkable case of postwar architectural progress in Europe. This definitive critical study of postwar Spanish architecture looks at the works, projects, trends, landmarks, architects, and engineers of the period. It is both a descriptive history and a new critical evaluation by one of Spain's most important architectural critics and historians.* Not for sale in Italy, Spain, and Central and South America


The channel formation by the self-trapping of a (1 + 1)D beam in polymeric media based on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix containing phenanthrenequinone (PQ) molecules is predicted theoretically and observed experimentally for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the effect of thermal beam expansion, which in conjunction with the photorefractive nonlinearity of the medium results in the possibility to control optically the geometrical parameters of the generated channel.


We perform the first fully nonlinear numerical simulations of black-hole binaries with mass ratios 100∶1. Our technique is based on the moving puncture formalism with a new gauge condition and an optimal choice of the mesh refinement. The evolutions start with a small nonspinning black hole just outside the ISCO that orbits twice before plunging. We compute the gravitational radiation, as well as the final remnant parameters, and find close agreement with perturbative estimates. We briefly discuss the relevance of these simulations for Advanced LIGO, third-generation ground-based detectors, LISA observations, and self-force computations.


The historic centre of Ajmer acts as both pilgrimage destination and city centre, however, despite certain infrastructural upgrades, its narrow streets are challenged to accommodate the constant and increasing movement of vehicular, pedestrian and animal traffic. The issues at hand are hugely complex: the historical and intangible
cultural significances overlay religions and generations all occupying the same physical space at the same time. Communication is a key concern for those working to
improve infrastructural and civic features whilst compelled to respect traditions and both tangible and intangible heritage. A recent example of the kind of problem at
stake was the installation of subterranean power lines, which ultimately failed because they terminate at thresholds in the street before reaching end users. Events and ritual calendars may collide with daily routines or extreme weather events. The question of how to better map or delineate these complex interactions becomes a key
pre-requisite of successful future conservation planning. The project is part of the AHRC-ICHR supported Networking Grant for Culture Heritage and Rapid Urbanisation
in India, titled "The historic city of Ajmer-Pushkar: mapping layers of history, use and meaning for sustainable planning and conservation" and runs from January to
December 2016. The project aims to develop methods for enhancing interaction between occupants, developers and planners in a city that has almost no accurate
maps. This aim to develop community participation in conservation management has a significant legacy in both theory and practice. Here rapid prototype models,
both physical and digital are used to record participant contributions, oral histories and over-layered timetables. The aim to transcribe these to a 3D model for public
consultation is tested in the context of a small 'Chowk' or public node in the city. The extent of the space leads from a crowded road intersection surrounded with shops and businesses, through courtyards of an adjoining nineteenth century 'Haveli' or courtyard house and beyond that to its private shrine. Using ethnographic methods to collect data and architectural conventions to model and map it, the experimental project is a collaborative one involving students of SPA Bhopal. The core collaborators are the Welsh School of Architecture (WSA), Cardiff University (Prof. Adam Hardy, Principal Investigator; Dr. Oriel Prizeman, Co-investigator), the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), Bhopal (Prof. Ajay Khare, Co-Investigator), and DRONAH Foundation, the not-for-profit wing of the heritage NGO (Dr. Shikha Jain, Co-Investigator). The work builds on a workshop held in Ajmer in February 2016. It aims to develop a prototype for recording the motion of events on a map [that is yet
to be drawn], whilst the less obvious static occupations and memories of individuals are sourced and then attached to an interactive model based on a 3d Laser Scan.


By design, randomized field trials (RFTs) avoid many of the problems that plague observational studies, foremost among them being the introduction of selection biases. In practice, however, RFTs regularly confront other difficulties, such as chance differences between treatment and control groups and attrition from the study. To address these issues, baseline data on the variable of primary interest are essential. Theory also aids the analytic process, identifying ways in which data should be disaggregated and determining the generalizability of the findings uncovered. Theory and testing are not neatly divided enterprises. Theory informs the initial design whereas empirical findings from RFTs motivate analysts to update and occasionally abandon their theoretical priors.


Many real-world functions are defined over both categorical and category-specific continuous variables and thus cannot be optimized by traditional Bayesian optimization (BO) methods. To optimize such functions, we propose a new method that formulates the problem as a multi-armed bandit problem, wherein each category corresponds to an arm with its reward distribution centered around the optimum of the objective function in continuous variables. Our goal is to identify the best arm and the maximizer of the corresponding continuous function simultaneously. Our algorithm uses a Thompson sampling scheme that helps connecting both multi-arm bandit and BO in a unified framework. We extend our method to batch BO to allow parallel optimization when multiple resources are available. We theoretically analyze our method for convergence and prove sub-linear regret bounds. We perform a variety of experiments: optimization of several benchmark functions, hyper-parameter tuning of a neural network, and automatic selection of the best machine learning model along with its optimal hyper-parameters (a.k.a automated machine learning). Comparisons with other methods demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.


This book discusses real world concerns and challenges pertaining to digital communication, and explores how linguistic research addresses these issues as well as the implications for understanding language in action. The book is divided into two main themes. The first theme, Digital language and literacy, looks broadly at popular concerns about language change and the implications for literacy in the digital era. It outlines and addresses fears about spelling and grammar, and discusses the way the internet is changing practices of reading and writing, as well exploring as the role that the internet plays in furthering the global dominance of one particular language, English. The second theme, Social issues and social media, investigates the role that online language plays in society and how language-related research can be pivotal in understanding and addressing perceived social problems relating to digital communication. In this section, we look at identity and privacy online, as well as the impact of social media on communicative behaviour in general and the problem of online aggression. These issues are explored through the latest applied linguistics research and interpreted in the light of contemporary theories of language use.


The SIMTEGR8 project was designed to evaluate the ways that emergency admissions can be reduced and to help improve the patient journey through the four selected interventions. The project aim was to: Generate understanding and discussion around the impact of the current alternative pathways on reducing ED admissions and improving user experience. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1. Evaluation of the current interventions to build a dynamic process map that will identify the critical points for the patient journey 2. Recommend a dashboard of two to three meaningful metrics that could be implemented to align transformation of health and social care related to patient journey experience 3. Influence policy nationally through Healthwatch and Council networks by building an evidence base and online handbook to inform the design of future service delivery. We concluded that and approximate computer simulation of each intervention, used in a workshop situation, did provoke sufficient discussion about the interventions to evaluate their effectiveness and that due to reports from the workshops being presented to the Better Care Together project board, the implementation of the next phase of operation was directly influenced by the SIMTEGR8 methodology. Therefore the pathways were effectively evaluated by using a computer simulation model of the patient pathway as a dynamic process map and in consequence the pathways are being improved.


Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], owing to its high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production ability, fewer disease and insect pest problems, and tolerance to multiple environmental stresses, is a valuable forage crop, especially in view of climate change consequences. Nine open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and 27 top-cross hybrids made on three male-sterile lines (A-lines) were evaluated in Alfisols at ICRISAT, Patancheru in the rainy season for two years. When harvested at 50 days after sowing, top-cross hybrids out-yielded OPVs, on an average, by about 30%, most likely due to relatively earlier flowering and higher biomass accumulation. At 80 d harvest, the dry forage yield of OPVs was similar to those of the hybrids. Forage nitrogen (N), in vitro digestibility and metabolizable energy content were used as laboratory fodder quality traits. Significant differences among the OPVs and among the hybrids were observed for these three quality traits, both at 50 d and 80 d harvest. While forage N declined by 49% at 80 d harvest, in vitro digestibility and metabolizable energy declined by 16-18%. At 50 d harvest, forage N content, in vitro digestibility and metabolizable energy were all significantly negatively correlated with forage yield both in OPVs and hybrids. At 80 d harvest, forage yield was not associated with any of the three quality traits in OPVs. In hybrids, forage yield was significantly negatively correlated with forage N content, while it was significantly positively correlated with the other two quality traits. These results indicate better prospects of combining high forage yield with high levels of in vitro digestibility and metabolizable energy in hybrids than in OPVs of pearl millet


Abstract Islamophobia has become a significant problem across the Western world. Australia is no exception. The emergence of far right groups and a political environment that allows anti-Islamic discourse has created an increasingly unwelcome environment for Muslims, even though multiculturalism has long been a fundamental marker of Australian daily life. The rise of Islamophobia has been damaging to Australia. This paper explores the rise of anti-Islamic sentiments in Australia and the increasing marginalization of Muslim youth, showing that Islamophobia not only breaks the bond between Muslim youth and Australian society, it also polarizes relations within Australian Muslim communities.


This article begins by ranking the absolute value of changes in the 10-year breakeven expected inflation (BEI) rates, calculated using 10-year Treasury notes and 10-year Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS). Next, a news search is conducted to determine what inflation-related information was released on days when the change in the BEI was greatest. The goal of the analysis is not only to see what information is associated with large changes in the BEI, but also to gain insight into the extent to which market participants accept the three competing theories of price determination: the classic monetary theory, the fiscal theory, and a "Keynesian" model that combines central bank setting of interest rates with the Phillips curve. The author finds that there was no mention of the money supply, the demand for money, or the rate of monetary growth on any of the days on which there was a large change in the BEI. Further, he finds that there was only one mention of the impact of government debt on a day that the BEI changed substantially. In comparison, there were 53 news items on large change days that either explicitly discussed Federal Reserve policy regarding interest rates or focused on the interaction between Fed policy, economic activity, and expected inflation. This suggests that market participants accept the "Keynesian" model of price determination.


The Peterborough Member of the Oxford Clay Formation is organic-rich and contains an abundance of well-preserved vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. A high nutrient input supported a diverse biota. Phytoplankton was exceptionally abundant in the surface water, and formed the basis for an intricate food web in both surface and bottom waters. Top predators include some of the largest known Mesozoic marine reptiles. A giant teleost fish was analogous to modern filter feeding whales and sharks. Benthic faunas depended on organic matter sinking from surface waters, and two parallel food webs may have existed. Trophic partitioning allowed the higher level predators to become diverse, especially the plesiosaurs. Productivity was high in the surface waters, probably high in the mid-water column, and high on the sea floor at times, although benthic diversity may have been reduced due to substrate consistency and/or dysoxia. Bacterial activity within the sediment was also intense. The contribution of organic material to the sea floor was high, but heterotrophic reworking probably reduced the abundance considerably during early diagenesis. A decrease in organic carbon content in the Upper Callovian and Lower Oxfordian parts of the Oxford Clay Formation parallels a decreasing abundance of vertebrate fossils.


In this paper, we compare two methods to model the formation of choice sets in the context of discrete choice models. The rst method is the probabilistic approach proposed by (Manski, 1977), who models the choice probability as the joint probability of selecting a choice set and an alternative from this set. This approach is theoretically sound and unbiased, but it is hard to implement due to the complexity that arises from the combinatorial number of possible choice sets. The second method, known as the Constrained Multinomial Logit (CMNL), uses explicit alternative elimination. It is easier to implement but can only be understood as an approximation of Manski's approach. We analyze in which situations this approximation is appropriate by estimating models with both approaches over synthetic data and comparing the results.


A definitive identification of the Servant figure of Second Isaiah is notoriously difficult, as attested by centuries of conjecture and debate. The interpretive obstacles are profuse: the Servant is addressed as Israel-Jacob, but then spoken of in terms that are not consistent with the nation's experience; in some texts he seems to represent a community, while in others he speaks as an individual; he seems to suffer extreme hardship and persecution, but then is said to experience new life; some of his experiences appear to be historical, while others are best described as idealistic. Further hampering objective interpretations are the pervasive traditional approaches among Christian and Jewish readers, which associate the Servant, equally emphatically, with Jesus or Israel.

But a primary reason the Servant is so difficult to pin down is rarely considered, and that is that there exists no objective image of the Servant anywhere in Second Isaiah. As a literary character he is constituted entirely by dialogue; that is, by discourse addressed to him, spoken by him, and spoken about him by others in the form of a confession. His actions are never described, and his person is never defined. Scholars have referred to this as his 'fluid' nature, but have lacked the methodological tools for a fuller study of this literary curiosity.

The ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin speak to this type of characterisation. His 'polyphonic hero' is a fictional character who is constituted by what is spoken to him or her, by what they overhear said concerning them, and by how they make that discourse, and the discourse of the wider world, an aspect of their own self-knowledge. They become known only by the discourse that converges on them, much as the Servant of Second Isaiah is constituted. This thesis develops a reading strategy based on Bakhtin's theory of the polyphonic hero, as well as his broader theories of dialogism. It reimagines the inner discourse of the Servant in order to comprehend him according to the dialogue by which he knows himself, and not according to conventional reading strategies that seek for a fixed, opaque image. In the process it discovers that there are not multiple Servants, which is often posited as a solution to the problem of his fluid nature, but one Servant, Israel-Jacob, whose self-knowledge as the faithful Servant of Yahweh calls empirical Israel to faith in a time of national distress. It concludes that the Servant is present in the collection of Second Isaiah as a 'voice-idea', the embodiment of a theologically critical position that calls many of Israel's theological and ideological presuppositions into question, in order to liberate her for a renewed history as a faithful 'witness' to Yahweh her redeemer.


This thesis describes functional characterization of three oxidosqualene cyclase genes (At1g78955, At3g45130, and At4g15340 ) from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that encode enzymes with novel catalytic functions. Oxidosqualene cyclases are a family of membrane proteins that convert the acyclic substrate oxidosqualene into polycyclic products with many chiral centers. The complex mechanistic pathways and relevant catalytic motifs can be elucidated through judicious applications of mutagenesis, heterologous expression in combination with a genome mining approach, and protein modeling. Functional characterization of oxidosqualene cyclases allows improved understanding on how these proteins guide catalytic reactions and how protein-substrate interactions affect the reaction outcome, as well as identification of triterpenes with novel structures and stereochemistry.
This work describes characterization of Arabidopsis oxidosqualene cyclases, including the first plant lanosterol synthase (LSS1), an enzyme with novel catalytic motifs different from those previously observed in animal, fungal, and trypanosomal lanosterol synthases, establishing that plant lanosterol synthases comprise a catalytically distinct class of lanosterol synthases. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that lanosterol synthases are broadly distributed in eudicots but evolved independently from those in animals and fungi. Discovery of plant lanosterol synthase also suggests lanosterol as precursor for plant 4,4-dimethyl-Delta8 sterols. Additional mutagenesis experiments on Arabidopsis lanosterol synthase (Asn477His and Va1481Ile) allowed for introduction of cycloartenol activity in a lanosterol synthase background, providing the best example of engineered biosynthesis of cyclopropyl structures known to date.
This thesis also describes the first enzyme (camelliol C synthase, CAMS1) that efficiently blocks B-ring formation to make a monocyclic triterpene camelliol C. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that this cyclase has evolved from enzymes that generate pentacycles, and sequence comparison between oxidosqualene cyclases with different catalytic functions allowed for identification of key residues that increases steric bulk in the active site to promote monocycle formation.
Finally, this thesis describes an enzyme arabidiol synthase (PEN1) that produces the tricyclic triterpene diol arabidiol. Analysis of the arabidiol structure and characterization of numerous minor products of arabidiol synthase, including several novel compounds, resulted in formulation of a general rule for water addition in triterpene biosynthesis and an explanation for the domination of deprotonation over water addition in triterpene biosynthesis.


SUMMARY A man 55 years of age with impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was treated with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone for 18 months in an attempt to reverse his severe steatohepatitis. Initial evaluation revealed marked insulin resistance, low plasma adiponectin and increased plasma biomarkers of subclinical inflammation (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and hsCRP). After pioglitazone treatment insulin sensitivity was restored significantly, as well as plasma adiponectin and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation. Liver adiposity decreased together with a marked improvement of histological abnormalities. Histological markers of inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation and apoptosis were reversed to near-normal levels. Practitioners should be aware that abnormal glucose metabolism is common in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thiazolidinediones may be valuble in the management of such patients.


The aim of this study is to gain insight into Swedish hiphop culture and some important values connected to the culture. This essay will strictly focus on the kind of values Swedish rappers describe in their lyrics regarding the streets, the suburbans and their neighborhood. My analysis is built upon eight rap albums by different rappers originating from a few of the bigger cities of Sweden. I use Laclau & Mouffe's discourse theory to analyse the material which exposed a hiphop ideal regarding a tough background, a factor that seems to be highly valued and put above the basic four elements of the culture. I also found that Swedish rappers romanticize the former Swedish prime minister Olof Palme and his era, which is a unique spin in comparison with a lot of different countries' national hiphop discourses, which often lack a particular time to idolize.


Work related stress is a significant issue and farming has been identified as being a particularly high risk occupation. The causes are varied and complex yet there has been little research examining the financial and bureaucratic burdens on farmers and where support would be best focussed.This three stranded study utilised both qualitative and quantitative methods for a triangulated approach to explore the financial and bureaucratic factors which cause stress to farmers. The participants were male farmers, working and residing in Northern Ireland.Data was collected from 94 farmers using face to face questionnaires and a focus group. Participants were recruited through farming related public events and from purposive sampling. The perceptions of participants were analysed and found to form a clear agreement on the major sources of stress and how support should be provided. The results indicated that the major issues contributing to farmers' work related stress included the burden of regulation and administration and financial issues.As the results indicated that one of the most significant causes of stress was the burden of bureaucracy, it is recommended that a comprehensive overhaul of the administration burdens facing farmers is undertaken to create more accessible, user friendly and less weighty administrative procedures.


Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds consisting of metal ions supported by organic ligands and may have the potential to combat the growing issue of air pollution. Zeolithic midazolateframework-8 (ZIF-8) is a specific MOF that has favorable qualities for use in an air filter including high porosity, high surface area, and a high positive surface charge. ZIF-8 is known to be capable of adsorbing particulate matter. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of ZIF-8 in adsorbing polar, gaseous air pollutants, specifically nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. In order to determine effectiveness, the percent change in concentration for each gas after the application of ZIF-8 crystals was measured via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This is a technique used to obtain high resolution infrared absorption or emission spectra of solids, liquids or gases over a wide spectral range. Both experimental gases, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, were adsorbed by an average of ~32% over just 5 minutes, and the leakage within the capsule was an average of ~3.5%. These results were confirmed with the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p-value = 0.05). In the future, ZIF-8 could be embedded into existing air filters or electrospun on its own and tested for its effectiveness in adsorbing other polar pollutants such as carbon monoxide and ammonia. Our work highlights crystals as a potentially promising alternative or addition to current filter materials to reduce atmospheric pollution.


Pre-pregnancy obesity is increasingly common and predisposes pregnant women and offspring to gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth abnormalities and stillbirth. Obese women exhibit elevated levels of the two most common dietary fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, and the maternal blood containing these nutrients bathes the surface of trophoblasts of placental villi in vivo We test the hypothesis that the composition and concentration of free fatty acids modulate viability and function of primary human villous trophoblasts in culture. We found that palmitate increases syncytiotrophoblast death, specifically by caspase-mediated apoptosis, whereas oleate does not cause enhanced cell death. Importantly, exposure to both fatty acids in equimolar amounts yielded no increase in death or apoptosis, suggesting that oleate can protect syncytiotrophoblasts from palmitate-induced death. We further found that palmitate, but not oleate or oleate with palmitate, increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, signaling through the unfolded protein response, and yielding CHOP-mediated induction of apoptosis. Finally, we show that oleate or oleate plus palmitate both lead to increased lipid droplets in syncytiotrophoblasts, whereas palmitate does not. The data show palmitate is toxic to human syncytiotrophoblasts, through the induction of ER stress and apoptosis mediated by CHOP, whereas oleate is not toxic, abrogates palmitate toxicity and induces fat accumulation. We speculate that our in vitro results offer pathways by which the metabolic milieu of the obese pregnant woman can yield villous trophoblast dysfunction and sub-optimal placental function.


Saccade latency is widely used across infant psychology to investigate infants' understanding of events. Interpreting particular latency values requires knowledge of standard saccadic RTs, but there is no consensus as to typical values. This study provides standard estimates of infants' (n = 194, ages 9 to 15 months) saccadic RTs under a range of different spatiotemporal conditions. To investigate the reliability of such standard estimates, data is collected at 4 laboratories in 3 countries. Results indicate that reactions to the appearance of a new object are much faster than reactions to the deflection of a currently fixated moving object; upward saccades are slower than downward or horizontal saccades; reactions to more peripheral stimuli are much slower; and this slowdown is greater for boys than girls. There was little decrease in saccadic RTs between 9 and 15 months, indicating that the period of slow development which is protracted into adolescence begins in late infancy. Except for appearance and deflection differences, infant effects were weak or absent in adults (n = 40). Latency estimates and spatiotemporal effects on latency were generally consistent across laboratories, but a number of lab differences in factors such as individual variation were found. Some but not all differences were attributed to minor procedural differences, highlighting the importance of replication. Confidence intervals (95%) for infants' median reaction latencies for appearance stimuli were 242 to 250 ms and for deflection stimuli 350 to 367 ms.


Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are the end-product of huge additions of magma to the continental crust both at the surface and at depth. Since the first categorisation of LIPs by Coffin & Eldholm (1994), it has been recognised that LIPs are more varied in form, age and character, and this includes the recognition of Silicic LIPs. Silicic LIPs are the largest accumulations of primary volcaniclastic rocks at the Earth's surface with areal extents >0.1 Mkm2 and extrusive and subvolcanic intrusive volumes >0.25 Mkm3. The Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic Silicic LIP events are the best recognised and are similar in terms of their dimension, crustal setting, volcanic architecture and geochemistry. The Silicic LIPs typically form linear (>2000 km long) volcanic–plutonic belts along volcanic rifted margins or as failed continental rifts. Igneous compositions are volumetrically silicic-dominant (>65 wt% SiO2), but generally show a range of igneous compositions from basalt through to high-silica rhyolite. The rhyolites show transitional within-plate to calc-alkaline or convergent margin geochemical signatures, whereas both low- and high-Ti (>2 wt% TiO2) magma types are present in the coeval mafic igneous rocks as commonly observed in continental flood basalt provinces. Several Silicic LIPs form a pre-rift magmatic event along volcanic rifted margins that develop through a consistent temporal pattern of LIP magmatism followed by rifting, uplift and seafloorspreading. The difference between the Silicic LIPs and other continental mafic-dominated LIPs is largely due to different crustal settings. Phanerozoic Silicic LIPs are restricted to continental margins that comprise fertile, hydrous lower crustal materials built up by Phanerozoic subduction. The role of hydrous crustal additions and underplate formed during previous episodes of subduction seem crucial in triggering widespread crustal partial melting, and preventing a dominantly mafic surface expression to LIP events along these palaeo- and active continental margins. Silicic LIPs represent important targets for precious metal mineralisation and host extensive epithermal Au–Ag fields. They have been the sites of many large volume (>1000 km3 dense rock equivalent) silicic explosive eruptions and important sources of ash and aerosol contributions to the stratosphere. Future studies need to integrate their environmental effects with those from similarly large volume flood basalt eruptions.


The Church Systems Task Force research identified 13 factors that are highly correlated with clergy health, differentiating those who are healthy from those who are unhealthy. The 13 factors identify sources of stress, challenges to maintaining physical health, obstacles to emotional health, impacts upon social health, the importance of spiritual health and the influence of finances. Individuals who are able to manage and address these factors tend to be healthier. Healthy churches and congregations foster healthy clergy and church leaders— and vice versa. These factors are relevant for church leaders — clergy and laity alike. The Wesleyan way inextricably links the health of the Church with the health of its clergy. The leadership of healthy clergy is essential for vital local churches and vibrant mission in the world.


Background & objectives: Wound infection is a predominant cause of death in burned patients who are clearly at increased risk of nosocomia l infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most common cause of burn infections and is difficult to treat because of having high level of resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to perform isolation, identification and determination of antibiotics resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounds of hospitalized burn patient. Methods: Biochemical and molecular tests were used for identification of the P. aeruginosa and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed using disk d iffusion (Kirby- Bauer) methods. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed for four representatives of different groups of antibiotics. Results: Among 94 evaluated strains of P. aeruginosa, 83 isolates (88.3%) were multi drugs resistant. Based on Kirby-Bauer method, the most resistance was seen to cefepime (89.5 %) and among the antibiotics studied to determine the MIC, the most resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (89 %). Conclusion: These results indicate high range of resistanc e to different antibiotics among strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds of patients. So, the fast and accurate measurement and evaluation of antibiotic resistance for appropriate antibiotic therapy of burned patients is imperative.


Although the African surface has been reported to be capped by silcrete in the Southern Cape, as opposed to laterite in the eastern coastal hinterland and on the highveld, ferricrete and associated gravels have recently been recorded there. Analysis of an African surface profile from the Albertinia area of the Southern Cape, developed from Bokkeveld shale, shows a typically lateritic leaching progression. Leaching of bases and silica is accompanied by enrichment in iron. The zone of superior weathering is kaolinised here to some 40m depth. The iron enrichment is dominantly of goethite, together with haematite in the nodular surficial horizon. The nodules conserve Bokkeveld shale saprolitic textures. There is no evidence of silcretisation in this profile although silcretes occur elsewhere in the wider vicinity, as do other kaolinised and lateritised profiles similar to the one described. A protracted, lateritic leaching event must be recognised as a major component in the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of this area, further study of which holds promise of contributing to a better understanding of laterite/silcrete genetic and temporal relationships, a largely unresolved geomorphological problem.


The Rock Island Office, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army has since 1940 carried on an extensive study of the suspended sediment of many streams which lie in its district. The district embraces parts of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin and Missouri and has its main office in Rock Island, Illinois. In 1938 an ingenious sampler was developed but it proved too complicated for widespread use and it was never utilized at any permanent station. The Rock Island Simplified Time-Integrating Sampler was developed in 1939 and is still used today on some of the stations. Constant study during the last five years has resulted in the improvement of this model. The depth-integrating method of sampling is used and samples are taken at least once a day at thalweg. The samples are shipped to the central laboratory at Rock Island, Illinois where they are analyzed for total sediment content. Some of the samples are analyzed for size grade distribution of the sediment by using the decantation method. The development of this sediment program has made available many data for use in connection with various engineering projects within the district.


Over the last two years, Ukraine, the second-largest country in Europe, has fallen off the radar of international news and events. For most of its post-Soviet history, Ukraine struggled to adapt to world markets while its nascent democracy provided a thin veneer for a self-serving political and economic elite. The tension between the centripetal pull of a resurgent Russia and the promise of new economic and political alliances with the West created a slow and equivocal path of development. The Orange Revolution of 2004 tipped this uneasy balance. Current president Viktor Yushchenko survived an assassination attempt and rode a powerful and unanticipated wave of large-scale protests to successfully challenge a blatantly fraudulent presidential election. Having wrested the presidency from the incumbent regime's anointed successor, Viktor Yanukovych, Yushchenko appeared poised to realize his pro-Western political platform. It was thus assumed that Ukraine had broken free of pseudo-democracy and Russian neo-colonialism, the two arms of its heavy yoke. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] This lofty expectation was never realized. Not surprisingly, a single act--no matter how symbolically powerful--could not repair a dysfunctional political ethic. What Ukraine needs above all are not new political players, but new rules for the political game itself. Restructuring Ukraine's political culture will take time and considerable effort. In the long term, this change will be contingent upon serious constitutional reform. The Aftermath The Orange Revolution carried significance well beyond Ukraine. It was heralded as a dramatic and contemporary affirmation of a core tenet of democratic theory--that an informed and vocal citizenry is in fact more powerful than an illegitimate elite wielding the apparatus of government. The Velvet Revolution in Georgia and its Orange counterpart in Ukraine were thought of as the beginning of a chain reaction. Inspired by these successes, citizens of other countries with long histories of authoritarian or one-party rule could, through popular activism, purge themselves of totalitarian traditions and thus begin a new chapter of transparent, free, and accountable government. Two and a half years later, the rest of the world is left looking upon a revolution that may have been more aptly dubbed rosy than orange. With the protesters and tent city gone from Kyiv's Independence Square, politics appear to have come full circle. After the 2006 round of parliamentary elections and several months of gridlock, the prime minister of the current government is none other than Viktor Yanukovych--the same Russian-leaning candidate whose fraudulent electoral victory sparked the Orange Revolution. President Yushchenko's party, Our Ukraine, garnered a mere 14 percent of the popular vote. The president approved the nomination of Viktor Yanukovych, whose Party of Regions won 32 percent of the ballots cast, to the position of Prime Minister on the condition that Yanukovych sign a non-binding agreement to continue to promote Ukrainian integration into the European Union and NATO and to respect the president's primacy in foreign policy. Prime Minister Yanukovych made little effort to respect this document, announcing soon after his appointment that Ukraine would be indefinitely delaying its application for NATO membership. More importantly, Yanukovych and his Party of Regions have been systematically stripping the presidency of all its meaningful powers. Most recently, Parliament passed (over a presidential veto) a law removing the authority to appoint the foreign and interior ministers from the president and assigning it to Parliament itself. Though the constitutionality of this bill awaits a ruling from the Supreme Court, its very passage shows that Yushchenko now finds himself in an office with little real political power. What, if anything, is troubling about this situation? After all, the March 2006 parliamentary elections were arguably the most fair and transparent in Ukraine's history. …


Using wiki technology in a credit library course, the authors created an online exhibit for students' research entitled the Digital Archive. The purpose of the Digital Archive is to showcase students' final projects from the course and to demonstrate research skills developed during the semester. It is an ongoing and evolving endeavor between students and instructors, and it will continue as a source of scholarly communication. The authors discuss the use of wiki technology, students' reactions, and lessons learned. Derived from student surveys, course evaluations, and instructor observations, the authors also present an assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of using wiki technology to showcase coursework.


A portable infrared laser transmitter delivering a highly uniform detectable beam was demonstrated. It incorporates a flexible beam shaper, comprising a perforated diffuser sheet in conjunction with a pinhole. The beam shaper plays the prominent role of flexibly tailoring the incoming light via both scattering and diffraction, in order to equalize the effective beam width over a long distance. The intensity profile of a generated beam was practically observed, demonstrating that a substantially uniform beam of 70-cm width was achieved for a given threshold detection level, with an average deviation of 6% over a range of 600 m.


THE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA: A PUBLIC POLICY APPROACH TO SAVING AN ICONIC SPECIES By Timothy Patrick O'Brien, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012 Major Director: Gregory C. Garman, Ph.D. Director, Center for Environmental Studies Associate Professor, Department of Biology The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is perhaps the most magnificent and most marvelous nomadic wild animal living in the world. It lives in the deep blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean and is one of the largest of the world's fin fish and the largest of the 48 other species of tuna (Kuhn, 1996). It is a species that seems to have been designed and sculpted by an artist—sleek, smooth, and beautiful—instead of having been a product of an evolutionary process. Today, the existence and future of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna is in question because of the constant overexploitation of the stocks for its flesh. The insanely high prices being paid for its flesh have resulted in a modern day gold rush for almost any person who has the ability and equipment to catch it. The movements of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna take it through multiple jurisdictional, national, and international boundaries, spending part of its life in areas of the world's commons, also known as the high seas. In each, the species is managed through complex, often cloudy and poorly enforced state, regional, and national laws and international treaties. For decades the terms overfished, under pressure, listing, and extinction have become synonymous with the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna because the scientific facts have, and continue to, indicate that it is in great peril and nearing the tipping point of no return in terms of viability as a species, all because of short-term economics and politics. This dissertation is rooted in complexity theory and public choice theory. The research design for this dissertation is based on the 5-component structure, interactive model, prescribed by Joseph A. Maxwell, Ph.D. (2004), and current policies were evaluated through the policy framework prescribed by Frank Fischer, Ph.D. (1995). Ten public policy steps are suggested to save the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna from collapse.