Feature-based classification is a method used for automatic modulation classification of communication signals. This method requires extraction of various features from a signal. One of the approaches for feature extraction is the use of instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency. The performance of these features under different SNR conditions is well described in literature [1]-[2], but the effect of fading on the extracted features has received little investigation. In this paper we investigate the quality of the features in a static multipath Rayleigh fading channel under varying channel conditions. It was found that most feature values are distinguishable for the different digital signals in a flat fading channel. This work shows the behaviour of these features in a fading channel under deteriorating conditions and suggests ways to reduce the effect of the fading on the classification of the signals.


Background This study was inspired by coalescing evidence that magnetic therapy may be a viable treatment option for certain diseases. This premise is based on the ability of moderate strength fields (i.e., 0.1 to 1 Tesla) to alter the biophysical properties of lipid bilayers and in turn modulate cellular signaling pathways. In particular, previous results from our laboratory (Wang et al., BMC Genomics, 10, 356 (2009)) established that moderate strength static magnetic field (SMF) exposure altered cellular endpoints associated with neuronal function and differentiation. Building on this background, the current paper investigated SMF by focusing on the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in the PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line that displays metabolic features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methodology and Principal Findings SMF reproduced several responses elicited by ZM241385, a selective A2AR antagonist, in PC12 cells including altered calcium flux, increased ATP levels, reduced cAMP levels, reduced nitric oxide production, reduced p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation, inhibited proliferation, and reduced iron uptake. SMF also counteracted several PD-relevant endpoints exacerbated by A2AR agonist CGS21680 in a manner similar to ZM241385; these include reduction of increased expression of A2AR, reversal of altered calcium efflux, dampening of increased adenosine production, reduction of enhanced proliferation and associated p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation, and inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Conclusions and Significance When measured against multiple endpoints, SMF elicited qualitatively similar responses as ZM241385, a PD drug candidate. Provided that the in vitro results presented in this paper apply in vivo, SMF holds promise as an intriguing non-invasive approach to treat PD and potentially other neurological disorders.


Cotton has been at the top of the WTO's agenda for the past two years. However, little has changed so far for small-scale cotton producers in West Africa, who will not survive another major slump in cotton prices. In July 2004, WTO members committed to ambitious and expeditious cotton subsidy reforms. To give African producers a chance, it is urgent to turn these commitments into action. Oxfam calls for the implementation of the Brazil-US cotton panel ruling and a timetable for the elimination of all trade-distorting cotton subsidies by the time of the Hong Kong WTO ministerial conference in December 2005.


Large body size requires limb joints capable of su pporting said weight, and a species exhibiting sexual size dimorphism may necessitate j oint size differences between the sexes of the species. If habitual behavior differs with body si ze, one may expect to see significant variation in joint morphology between species and the sexes w ithin species. The following analysis tests two hypotheses: (1) that significant differences in jo t size between males and females correlate with the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and (2) tha t ere is significant interspecific variance in joint shape between males and females of the sam e species. The first hypothesis is tested by taking principal component scores from the first tw o components of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with full tangent space and Procrust es form space projection and subjecting them to an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to see if a significant amount of variance exists between sexes for each species observed. The secon d hypothesis is tested in the same way, the only difference being that the PCA utilizes solely a full tangent space projection in order to nullify size differences in variance. The results of the analysis show that the magnitude of sexual dimorphism correlates with differences in joint siz e. However, there is no significant interspecific variation in shape between males and females in the same species. The analysis did not have a consistent sample size for all sexes or species and the sample sizes were all relatively small. As such, an analysis with larger samples an d greater consistency will be needed to confirm the inferred conclusions. Table of


The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1791 and known as the Bill of Rights, create the core of what people today consider their most basic freedoms. Without these rights, and consistent judicial adherence to them, most Americans would not feel secure. There are two major sources of danger to these basic rights: internal and external. Internally, we must protect ourselves from our own infringement of these rights through the firm restrictions that the Constitution places on the government in its treatment of the people. Externally, we must protect our system of maintaining these freedoms from foreign parties who may wish to take over and change our government. Both safeguards are extremely important, but either is worthless without the other. In other words, these goals are entirely dependant on one another. When we spend our resources on the national defense, we must ask ourselves just what it is that we are protecting. At the same time, we must also accept that occasionally it will be necessary to ask that individuals make personal sacrifices in order to protect the entire set of freedoms for the whole.It is the role of the Supreme Court to balance these interests and determine the extent to which the military may limit certain liberties in order to protect the nation. More specifically, it is the Court's duty to limit the military's unconstitutional acts to those in which it simply must engage. Certainly no one would argue that the military should be completely unbound by the Constitution. The disputed issue merely goes to how it is to be kept in check, by whom, and to what extent. In Part I of this Article, I will discuss the Court's practice of deferring to the military's judgment regarding this balance, which prevents it from being properly struck.The Framers clearly thought about this balance when authoring the Bill of Rights. Indeed, while the focus of these amendments was on individual freedoms, the need for urgent exceptions for the military was addressed where necessary. The ultimate question this Article seeks to address is to what extent the Framers intended the Court to bend the rules for the military above and beyond the leeway already provided. I will investigate this in Part II through a combination of textual, historical, and structural analysis. This investigation and analysis will demonstrate that the Court has granted the military a degree of power well beyond that contemplated by the Framers.This analysis is important because original intent has not been taken into consideration sufficiently with regard to the level of autonomy the military is allowed. There have been many arguments based on policy, necessity, and even justiciability, but it seems that judges and scholars have forgotten about the Framers altogether. If we are to continue to live in a government that they structured, there must be some limitation on the extent to which we deviate from their carefully thought-out plan. Every word in the Constitution had a purpose, and in other areas of inquiry we treat that as an important factor to this day. This Article could include many long sections on modern issues and advisable policy, and it does marginally address these issues, but its focus is on the Framers, the way they structured our government, and their placement of the military within that scheme.One of the sources of the Court's inability to conduct proper constitutional analysis in military cases is its lack of access to complete and unbiased information upon which to base that analysis. In Part III, I will make an effort to suggest methods for addressing this problem alternative to simply letting the military use its special knowledge as a source of power over the Court. Part IV will demonstrate a modern example of where the problem of excessive deference can lead, and present the Court with a suggestion to use this as a context for change. Finally, the Article will conclude by summarizing the need for change and urging the Court to reconsider its policy of deference.


Abstract. Forecasting a catastrophic collapse is a key element in landslide risk reduction, but it is also a very difficult task owing to the scientific difficulties in predicting a complex natural event and also to the severe social repercussions caused by a false or missed alarm. A prediction is always affected by a certain error; however, when this error can imply evacuations or other severe consequences a high reliability in the forecast is, at least, desirable. In order to increase the confidence of predictions, a new methodology is presented here. In contrast to traditional approaches, this methodology iteratively applies several forecasting methods based on displacement data and, thanks to an innovative data representation, gives a valuation of the reliability of the prediction. This approach has been employed to back-analyse 15 landslide collapses. By introducing a predictability index, this study also contributes to the understanding of how geology and other factors influence the possibility of forecasting a slope failure. The results showed how kinematics, and all the factors influencing it, such as geomechanics, rainfall and other external agents, are key concerning landslide predictability.


As the scholarly communication system continues to evolve, academic librarians should take an active role in both developing their own knowledge and educating their campus communities about emergent topics. At Furman University, librarians developed an outreach program, aimed primarily at faculty, to increase awareness of current scholarly communication issues. Expert speakers were recruited to present throughout the year on open access, altmetrics, author's rights, and other relevant topics. This program addressed a number of needs simultaneously— outreach to faculty; education for Furman librarians; and education for the greater library community—and affirmed the importance of providing opportunities to discuss these issues beyond the libraries. The program also further established Furman University Libraries' role in educating and guiding its campus community through changes in scholarly communication models and practices.


Sarah Miskin and Richard Grant explore some important aspects of political advertising, including the current legislation, the debates over 'truth' in content and the claims that Australia's political parties are opting for 'Americanised', negative election advertisements. Political parties spend millions of dollars at each election on advertisements selling their own policies and attacking those of their opponents. Australia has few laws governing such advertising, leaving parties effectively free to 'say what they like' in their advertisements.


In The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s, James Smethurst writes: "Black arts cultural nationalism draws on a long history." He describes the cultural nationalist stance we associate with the Black Arts Movement as involving a concept of liberation and self-determination that "entails some notion of the development or recovery of a true 'national' culture that is linked to an already existing folk or popular culture" and often relying on recognizable African elements. Black arts cultural nationalism expressed the linkages between Black Arts and Black Power even before they were specifically named and identified. In particular, Black arts cultural nationalism was visible in some of the ways 1940s and 1950s Black leftists engaged with commitments to Black nationhood, Black leadership, and Black liberation. Many Black leftists from the 1940s and 1950s were part of the writing and organizing that laid some of the groundwork for the movements commonly identified with Black Arts after 1965. Looking more closely at one formation of Black artists and writers from the early l960s, the Association of Artists for Freedom, illuminates one kind of precedent for the emerging Black Arts Movement.


The use of the word 'uncertainty' in the title of this chapter is intended to convey
both the dilemma in the question and the challenge that statistics presents to the
deterministic foundations of mathematics. The growth in the field of statistics over
the past century, especially in the light of advancing technology, has resulted in a
downward curriculum thrust from tettiary education, to secondary education, to
primary education. In the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) the relative
importance of statistics has been elevated in a number of ways, the most obvious
being the renaming of the learning area from Mathematics to Mathematics and
Statistics. Frankcom (2008) indicated: The change was made to reflect the difference between deterministic
(mathematical) and stochastic (statistical) thinking. The inclusion of statistics
in the title of this teaching area reflects the increasing importance of using
and interpreting data as part of critical citizenship. (p. 3) The recent development of the Australian Curriculum: Mathematics (Australian
Cuniculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2011) has also
emphasised the importance of statistics in a modem school curriculum. One
content strand of the mathematics curriculum is titled "Statistics and Probability",
in recognition of the increased emphasis on statistical knowledge in the 21st
century, but there has been no apparent desire to rename the curriculum itself in
Australia. At the same time, however, the inclusion of statistics and probability as a
content strand of the mathematics curriculum has ignited discussion about
similarities and differences between the two disciplines of mathematics and
statistics. Although the claims on curriculum space have existed in both Australia
and New Zealand since the early 1990s, acceptance has not been universal. There
has been considerable discussion in the press about the development of the
Australian curriculum, with many articles criticising the perceived emphasis on
statistics (e.g., Polster & Ross, 2010; Slattety & Perpitch, 2010). Examples of
textbook series with little or no statistics (Brown et al, 2006) and strong views by
mathematicians to reduce the quantity of statistics in the Australian curriculum
(e.g., Dean, 2010) indicate that, at least in Australia, there is still resentment in
some circles about the encroachment of this newcomer into the traditional
mathematics club. Such discussions suggest that the curriculum values of
mathematics and statistics may be different, leading inevitably to tensions for
teachers and curriculum designers. In this chapter we aim to explore the issues around the synergies and tensions
between mathematics and statistics and the implications for mathematics
education. The chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the domain of
statistics education research in Australia and the surrounding region. Nevertheless
there is a significant body of research from Australian and New Zealand
researchers that is beginning to inform both cuniculum development and the
teaching of statistics, especially at the school level. The chapter, hence, begins with
a brief consideration of the current state of statistics education research in the
region to place the later discussion within a context. Following this examination,
the chapter scrutinises research surrounding the differing perceptions of
mathematics and statistics from the viewpoints of students and teachers. This
scrutiny leads to a consideration of teaching statistics and mathematics and some
observations on student outcomes. One of the major differences between statistics
and mathematics is the place of context. It is particularly relevant at the school and
introductory tertiary level, and is the focus of the next major section of the chapter.
The challenge for teachers in integrating various aspects of content knowledge,
context knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and student knowledge in
mathematics and statistics is considered under the general heading of pedagogical
content knowledge. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of
the debate for mathematics education in Australasia, focusing on the synergies and
tensions.


Repeated interaction in integroup conflict was studied in the context of two team games: the intergroup public goods (IPG) game and the intergroup prisoner's dilemma (IPD) game. The results reveal (a) a main effect for game type; subjects were twice as likely to contribute toward their group effort in the IPG game than in the IPD game, and (b) a Game-Type × Time interaction; subjects contributed less over time in the IPD game while continuing to contribute at about the same rate in the IPG game. The second finding supports the hypothesis that subjects learn the structure of the game and adapt their behavior accordingly and is compatible with a simple learning model, which assumes that choices that have led to good outcomes in the past are more likely to be repeated in the future. A reciprocal cooperation hypothesis, which assumes that players make their choices contingent on the earlier choices of the other players, received little support.


Major strike-slip faults within the eastern part of the Marlborough fault system of New Zealand extend offshore beneath the continental shelf, into the southern end of the Hikurangi margin. Six major submarine faults, each tens of kilometers in length and exhibiting the three-dimensional structural characteristics typical of strike-slip deformation zones, are mapped in detail using closely spaced high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. Each fault displaces late Quaternary sediments that have been interpreted within the framework of the sequence stratigraphic model and the established history of glacio-eustatic sea-level cyclicity. Some of the faults are associated with strike-slip microearthquake focal mechanisms.

The faults are within a complex structural high that underlies much of the outer continental shelf, and within the Flaxbourne basin between the structural high and the coast. The plan-view pattern of faulting recorded in the Quaternary sediments reflects only the major surface traces that have propagated upsection as contemporaneous sedimentation has blanketed most of the evolving structures. Regionally, the late Quaternary faults compose two groups that bound blocks with rhomboid surface areas on a scale of tens of square kilometers to hundreds of square kilometers. One group strikes typically between 023° and 057°, i.e., 22°–56° from the plate motion vector (079°), and includes dextral, oblique-slip thrust faults as well as inherited, steeply dipping, pre-Pliocene strike-slip faults that bound thick sedimentary basins. The second group comprises possibly young (<1 Ma), steeply dipping strike-slip faults that commonly exhibit normal-slip separation, and strike between 067° and 085°, subparallel to the azimuth of the instantaneous Pacific-Australian plate motion vector.


This paper presents an equivalent model that allows representing bi-voltage autotransformer-based systems (such as 2 × 25 kV ac, 2 × 15 kV ac) as if they were monovoltage systems. This model can be used for symmetrical (such as 2 × 25-kV 50-Hz systems) and unsymmetrical (such as 12/24-kV 25-Hz systems) configurations. It is based on two simplifying hypotheses that establish relationships between currents and voltages in the positive and negative phases. These hypotheses are discussed and the accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparing the results with a detailed conventional model of power-supply systems.


Giordano et al. have discovered a novel biological function for the semaphorins, mediated through coupling of the semaphorin receptor Plexin B1 to a structurally related receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the proto-oncogene met. The semaphorins, a large family of secreted and membrane-bound proteins, regulate axonal pathfinding and play a prominent role in nervous system development. The widespread distribution of semaphorin receptors in various adult and embryonic tissues, however, suggests that these proteins may serve nonneuronal functions as well. Giordano et al. found that Semaphorin 4D (Sema 4D) elicited a pattern of cell proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent growth, and branching morphology in a hepatic cell line. The response was identical to "invasive growth," a programmed cellular response to Scatter Factor 1 (SF-1, also known as hepatocyte growth factor) activation of the Met receptor, leading the authors to investigate the possible role of Met in the response to Sema 4D. Using Western analysis, the authors demonstrated that endogenous Plexin B1 and Met immunoprecipitated as a complex, as did proteins encoded by constructs containing the extracellular domains of both receptors. Sema 4D elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of Plexin B1, Met, and a Met substrate. Cells overexpressing Plexin B1 constitutively displayed the invasive phenotype and showed basal Met phosphorylation. The response to Sema 4D depended on expression of a functional Met receptor and was inhibited by a Met dominant-negative construct. These results expand the spectrum of known semaphorin functions, and raise the intriguing possibility that the semaphorins could be implicated in metastatic processes through activation of the Met pathway. S. Giordano, S. Corso, P. Conrotto, S. Artigiani, G. Gilestro, D. Barberis, L. Tamagnone, P. M. Comiglio, The Semaphorin 4D receptor controls invasive growth by coupling with Met. Nat. Cell Biol. 4, 720-724 (2002). [Online Journal]


Background—Measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recommended to identify patients at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) with low LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a proinflammatory enzyme associated primarily with LDL. Methods and Results—In a prospective, case cohort study in 12 819 apparently healthy middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, the relation between Lp-PLA2, CRP, traditional risk factors, and risk for CHD events over a period of ≈6 years was examined in a proportional hazards model, stratified by LDL-C. Lp-PLA2 and CRP levels were higher in the 608 cases than the 740 noncases. Both Lp-PLA2 and CRP were associated with incident CHD after adjustment for age, sex, and race with a hazard ratio of 1.78 for the highest tertile of Lp-PLA2 and 2.53 for the highest category of CRP versus the lowest categories. Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with LDL-C (r =0.36) and negatively with HDL-C (r =−0.33) but not with CRP (r =−0.05). In a model adjusted for traditional risk factors including LDL-C, the association of Lp-PLA2 with CHD was attenuated and not statistically significant. For individuals with LDL-C below the median (130 mg/dL), Lp-PLA2 and CRP were both significantly and independently associated with CHD in fully adjusted models. For individuals with LDL-C <130 mg/dL, those with both Lp-PLA2 and CRP levels in the highest tertile were at the greatest risk for a CHD event. Conclusions—Lp-PLA2 and CRP may be complementary in identifying individuals at high CHD risk who have low LDL-C.


To assess the relationship between melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is CNLAC1, the laccase structural gene of C. neoformans, expressed in vivo?; (b) can mouse virulence be restored to cnlac1 (Mel-) mutants by complementation with CNLAC1?; and (c) will targeted gene deletion of CNLAC1 decrease virulence for mice? Melanin is produced when cryptococcal laccase catalyzes the oxidation of certain aromatic compounds, including L-dopa, to quinones, which then polymerize to melanin. To assess CNLAC1 transcription, RNA was extracted from C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected CNLAC1 transcript, indicating that laccase may be produced in the infected host. To assess the effect of CNLAC1 deletion on virulence, a Mel- mutant (10S) was obtained by disruption of the 5' end of the gene. After multiple backcrosses with a parental strain to remove unintended genetic defects introduced by the transformation process, a Mel- progeny was tested and found to be much less virulent for mice than a Mel+ progeny. Another Mel- strain (mel2), obtained from J.C. Edman (University of California at San Francisco, CA), produced CNLAC1 transcript but no detectable melanin. Characterization of this mutant revealed a base substitution in CNLAC1 that changed a histidine to tyrosine in a putative copper- binding site. When this base change was introduced into CNLAC1 by site- directed mutagenesis, it no longer transformed mel2 to Mel+, indicating the importance of this histidine in laccase activity. Complementation of a mel2-derived mutant with CNLAC1 restored the Mel+ phenotype and increased virulence. These results support the concept that the CNLAC1 gene product has a role in virulence.


Bullying is a psychological stigma persisting in human society with an array of hue and cry. This is one of the emergent problems that need to be discussed. People who are both bullies and victims are seen prone to mental illness. Bullying kills the inner consciousness of a victim, which never allows him to grow normal and target lives in a constant fear of being bullied which hampers his true potential. Literature has made an attempt to display the fact by experimenting with fictional characters. High level of barbarity receive most people's interest, like murder and assault receive media attention, but lower kind of barbarity like bullying is hard to identify. This is where Ghosh has built a window in the wall. Ghosh had made his readers to experience the problems of real beings through his fictional characters, and made them proficient to comprehend the consequences of their individual activities and look for optimistic ways to revolutionize. The aim of the paper is to study the traits of bullying in the Sea of Poppies. Prison persecution and how prisoners are frequently victimised will be explored. The present research is trying to illuminate the victimization of women as well. They are deprived of their due in every field. At home, they are recurrently even worse off, abridged to being slavish drudges, and maltreated in a number of ways. By acclimatizing psychological methods in literature such concerns are more perceptible and distinguishable.


C-MPL EXPRESSION IN OSTEOCLAST PROGENITORS: A NOVEL ROLE FOR THROMBOPOIETIN IN REGULATING OSTEOCLAST DEVELOPMENT. Calvin L Barnes, Yougen Xi, Kimberly M Wilson, Mark C Horowitz, and Melissa A Kacena. Section of Bone Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. A new paradigm has evolved in which multiple regulatory interactions between the skeletal and hematopoietic systems have been identified. Previous studies have demonstrated that megakaryocytes (MK) play a dual role in skeletal homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and simultaneously inhibiting osteoclast (OC) development. Here we identify a novel regulatory pathway in which the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin (TPO), directly regulates osteoclastogenesis. To study the role of TPO in OC development, spleen or bone marrow (BM) cells (2x10 cells/ml) or BM macrophages (BMM, 1x10 cells/ml) from C57BL/6 mice , as a source of OC precursors, were cultured with M-CSF (30 ng/ml) and RANKL (50 ng/ml) to induce OC formation. TPO (0.1-1000 ng/ml) and/or primary MK (0-0.5%), derived from C57BL/6 fetal livers, were titrated into these cultures and OC were identified as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP) giant cells with >3 nuclei. There was a significant, up to 15-fold reduction in OC formed when MK were added to all OC generating cultures, p < 0.001. Moreover, if OC generating cultures did not contain MK or MK progenitors, TPO treatment significantly enhanced OC formation up to six-fold, p < 0.01. This data demonstrates that MK are responsible for the inhibition of OC formation and that in cultures containing MK or MK progenitors such as BM or spleen cells, that TPO acts indirectly to inhibit OC formation by stimulating megakaryopoiesis, whereas in the absence of MK or MK progenitors TPO directly enhances OC formation. This conclusion is further supported by Real-Time PCR data which demonstrates that OC progenitors express c-mpl, the TPO receptor, albeit at low levels when compared to expression of c-mpl on MK. Finally, we have begun to dissect the c-mpl signaling pathway in OC progenitors. We have found that TPO induces tyrosine phosphorylation of several specific cellular proteins in the JAK/STAT pathway. Thus, TPO acts in a somewhat paradoxical manner by inhibiting OC formation through the stimulation of MK, while simultaneously playing a direct role in enhancing osteoclastogenesis.


The plains of north Bihar, drained by numerous rivers originating in the Himalayas also experience a reasonably high rainfall of ~1200 mm per year. Still, more than 80% of the irrigation demand in this region is met by groundwater resources. Also, the increasing population and industrialization are likely to lead to overexploitation of groundwater as in several other states of northwest India over the last 4–5 decades. This article aims to assess the groundwater dynamics in the plains of north Bihar using 30 years (1983– 2013) of groundwater level data to understand the spatial and temporal, preand post-monsoon characteristics using Geographical Information System (GIS) and ordinary kriging (interpolation technique) method. Groundwater storage change was estimated using the water table fluctuation method. Our analysis shows 2–3 m decline in groundwater level in several districts such as Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Samastipur, Katihar and Purnea in both preand post-monsoon periods in the last decade (2004–2013). Similar trends were observed in groundwater storage for Samastipur and Purnea districts; the maximum reductions in groundwater storage for the pre-monsoon period are computed as 636 MCM and 631 MCM respectively, and the values for the post-monsoon period are 289 MCM and 216 MCM respectively. Such large scale depletion in groundwater storage in such a short time span is alarming. If this trend continues unabated, it may lead to serious scarcity of water resources in this region, negatively impacting agricultural productivity and food security.


A case study evaluating the predictive capability of a hydrodynamic model of Long Island Sound is presented. The model is a time dependent, three-dimensional, primitive equation, estuarine and coastal ocean circulation model incorporating realistic bottom boundary geometry and is driven by the astronomical tides. An assessment is made of the model's ability to simulate correctly the tidal circulation pattern in the Sound. The model reproduces the tidal co-oscillation phenomenon observed at the eastern basin of Long Island Sound (assuming a node at The Race). Model predicted time series data of tidal elevations and currents agree remarkably well with the observational data.


Citizens, Victims, and Offenders Restoring Justice Program is a prison-based program conducted as a pilot study at the Washington State Reformatory from 1997 to 1998. The purpose of the study was to explore ways in which the restorative justice model may be practically applied in a correctional setting. The pilot project consisted of development, implementation, and evaluation of three trials of a seminar on restorative justice involving victims, offenders, and citizens as participants. The development of the program is outlined, program goals and evaluation methods are summarized, and the evaluation results are presented. The combined quantitative and participant observational results show that the program was effective in achieving the four program goals. The seminar provided a safe environment for inmates to begin making amends for their crimes and for victims to heal, facilitated constructive communication between polarized groups, and encouraged participants to develop creative ways of thinking about justice and strategies for dealing with crime. Implications of the results for future programs are discussed.


Joshua Bolchover is an urban researcher, academic and architectural designer. He is an Assistant Professor at the University of Hong Kong, focusing on researching and designing buildings in rural China. In 2010 he exhibited Rural Urban Ecology at the Venice Biennale 2010. He has curated, designed and contributed to several international exhibitions including: Utopia Now: Opening the Closed Area, a research project on the Hong Kong and Shenzhen border at the Venice Biennale 2008; Get it Louder, a touring exhibition in China; Airspace: What Skyline does London want; Hydan; Can Buildings Curate and has exhibited at the HK-SZ Biennale. Joshua was a local curator for the Manchester-Liverpool section of Shrinking Cities between 2003 and 2005. He has collaborated with Raoul Bunschoten, Chora, researching strategic urban projects and has worked with Diller + Scofidio in New York. Joshua has previously taught architecture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, London Metropolitan University, Cambridge University and the Architectural Association. He was educated at Cambridge University and at the Bartlett School of Architecture. John Lin is an architect based in Hong Kong and a graduate of The Cooper Union in New York City. His experimental constructions have been published in FRAME magazine (2003) and exhibited in the Kolonihaven (Architecture Park) at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Copenhagen (2004) and the Venice Biennale (2008). Current projects include the design of several school buildings in China. He has taught at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, and The Chinese University of Hong Kong and is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Hong Kong.


BACKGROUND This study aimed to elucidate how clinical preventive services are delivered in family practices and how this information might inform improvement efforts. METHODS We used a comparative case study design to observe clinical preventive service delivery in 18 purposefully selected Midwestern family medicine offices from 1997 to 1999. Medical records, observation of outpatient encounters, and patient exit cards were used to calculate practice-level rates of delivery of clinical preventive services. Field notes from direct observation of clinical encounters and prolonged observation of the practice and transcripts from in-depth interviews of practice staff and physicians were systematically examined to identify approaches to delivering clinical preventive services recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force. RESULTS Practices developed individualized approaches for delivering clinical preventive services, with no one approach being successful across practices. Clinicians acknowledged a 3-fold mission of providing acute care, managing chronic problems, and prevention, but only some made prevention a priority. The clinical encounter was a central focus for preventive service delivery in all practices. Preventive services delivery rates often appeared to be influenced by competing demands within the clinical encounter (including between different preventive services), having a physician champion who prioritized prevention, and economic concerns. CONCLUSIONS Practice quality improvement efforts that assume there is an optimal approach for delivering clinical preventive services fail to account for practices' propensity to optimize care processes to meet local contexts. Interventions to enhance clinical preventive service delivery should be tailored to meet the local needs of practices and their patient populations.


Power variations and energy criteria have been the main motivations for developing regenerative drive converters for elevators. A more performant solution for power-smoothing can be easily found by using a supercapacitor based storage device, connected to the intermediary circuit of a variable speed drive system. In this paper, power and energy considerations are made for the design of the storage tank and regarding the maximum power demand from the feeding network. For the power-conversion circuit, which is necessary to compensate the voltage variations of the supercapacitors by discharging and charging, a high efficiency converter topology is proposed which allows the bidirectional energy flow under soft-commutation conditions, and offers also a good flexibility for the optimal sizing of the supercapacitor voltage level. The typical behaviour of the special converter is given, together with an analyze of the advantages related to the specific application.


OF DISSERTATION THE INFLUENCE OF COCAINE-RELATED IMAGES ON INHIBITORY CONTROL IN COCAINE USERS Cocaine users display impaired inhibitory control. The influence of cocaine-related stimuli on inhibitory control has not been assessed. The Attentional Bias-Behavioral Activation (ABBA) task uses cocaine and neutral images as cues to determine if drugrelated images impair inhibitory control in cocaine users. This dissertation was designed to assess the influence of cocaine images on inhibitory control in cocaine users through the conduct of studies designed to address four aims. The first aim was to demonstrate that cocaine users display impaired inhibitory control following cocaine images compared to neutral images on the ABBA task. This was accomplished through the conduct of two experiments. The first experiment piloted the ABBA task and cocaine users completed the cocaine go (n = 15) or neutral go condition (n = 15) of the task. The second experiment consisted of two studies designed to develop a within-subjects methodology for using the ABBA task. In the first study, cocaine users completed either the cocaine go (n = 20) or neutral go (n = 20) condition of the ABBA task and all participants also completed the Cued Go/No-Go task, with geometric shapes as cues. In the second study, cocaine users (n = 18) completed the cocaine go condition of the ABBA task and a modified version of the ABBA task with all neutral images as cues to further refine a possible within-subjects methodology. The second aim was to demonstrate that inhibitory failures occur most often when cues are presented for short compared to longer durations of time. Data collected during other protocols (n = 91) were combined to investigate the influence of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; i.e., the amount of time a cue is presented before a target indicated a response should be executed or withheld) on inhibitory control following cocaine-related and neutral cues on the ABBA task. The third aim was to demonstrate impaired inhibitory control following cocaine images on the ABBA task is specific to cocaine users. Cocaine users (data collected in the second experiment of the first aim) and non-using control participants (n = 16) completed the cocaine go and all neutral conditions of the ABBA task and the Cued Go/No-Go task. The fourth aim was to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of inhibitory control training to cocaine-related stimuli with cocaine users. A small pilot clinical trial was conducted and cocaine users were randomly assigned to complete inhibitory control training to cocaine images or geometric shapes. Cocaine images impaired inhibitory control on the ABBA task, as demonstrated by an increased proportion of inhibitory failures in the cocaine go condition compared to the neutral go condition in Experiments 1, 2, and 4. The proportion of inhibitory failures following cocaine images in Experiment 4 was increased at short (i.e., 100, 200) compared to long SOAs. Cocaine images also impaired inhibitory control compared to the Cued Go/No-Go Task in Experiment 2, however there were no differences in the proportion of inhibitory failures between the cocaine go and all neutral conditions of the ABBA task. There were no differences between cocaine users and controls in Experiment 3 for the proportion of inhibitory failures on the ABBA or Cued Go/No-Go tasks, but controls responded faster indicating a speed/accuracy trade off occurred in the control group. Inhibitory control training as an approach to improve treatment outcomes is feasible, as indicated by attendance and accuracy on the training task, and participants rated the overall procedure as satisfactory in Experiment 5. A better understanding of inhibitory control in the presence of cocaine related cues could be crucial to better understand how drug cues contribute to the risk for relapse and the continued use of drugs because both occur in the presence of drug cues.


In the traditional fault diagnosis technology, classical life and reliability tests require sufficient sample size when diagnose the faults and forecast the future states. However, there is even less sample size for machinery products, especially for major equipment. The Support Vector Machine based on Statistical Learning Theory can solve this problem. In this paper, a forecast model for reactor coolant pump which combines LSSVM (Least Squares Support Vector Machine) and Time Series model is constructed. We studied the impact to forecast accuracy which caused by embedding dimension M, kernel function σ and regularization parameter γ. Meanwhile, the performance of LSSVM is verified by simulation data and field data. Then LSSVM is used to predict vibration signals of reactor coolant pump. As it is certified that the forecast data could match the actual data preferably and has achieved good results in forecasting field data.


The authors emphasize an overlooked raison d'Aatre for public banks. They argue that limiting public banks to filling the gaps left by private banks, the standard argument in economics, neglects a very important dimension of public banks, that is, their capacity to act countercyclically and thereby stabilize access to credit during economic downturns. Taking a cue from Hyman Minsky, they point to the immanent volatility of financial markets dominated by private actors. In order to counter destabilizing tendencies, the presence of institutions with the logic of action that differs from that of the market is necessary. As public banks are not primarily concerned with profitability, they can play this role. To a certain extent, their presence in the market is an automatic stabilizer because public banks provide credit with long maturation. In times of crisis, they can also be used for discretionary intervention, that is, opening up new credit lines.


Comparing typical airborne mapping systems with Unmanned Airborne Systems (UAS) developed for mapping purposes, there are several advantages and disadvantages of both systems. The unquestionable benefits of UAS are the much lower costs of equipment and the simple operation; though, the regulations to fly UAS greatly vary by country. Low cost, however, means small sensor size and low weight, thus, sensors usually lack the quality, negatively impacting the accuracy of UAS data and, consequently, any derived mapping products. This work compares the performance of three different positioning approaches used for UAS image geolocation. The first one is based on using dual-frequency GPS data, post-processed in kinematic mode. The second approach uses the single frequency, code only GPS data that was acquired and processed by a geotagger, attached to mapping camera. Finally, the third one employs indirect image georeferencing, based on aerial triangulation using ground controls. As expected, the quality of data provided by the inexpensive GPS receiver (geotagger) is not suitable for mapping purposes. The two other approaches provided similar and reliable results, confirming that commonly used indirect georeferencing, which usually assures good solution, can be replaced by direct georeferencing. The latter technique results not only in reduction of field work, e.g. Ground Control Points (GCPs) surveying, but is appropriate for use with other sensors, such as active imaging technology, LiDAR, further extending UAS application potential.


Responding to some future incident might require significant cooperation by multiple teams or organizations within an incident response community. To study the effectiveness of that cooperation, the Carnegie Mellon® Software Engineering Institute (SEI) conducted a study using a group of volunteer, autonomous incident response organizations. These organizations completed special SEI-designed tasks that required them to work together. The study identified three factors as likely to help or hinder the cooperation of incident responders: being prepared, being organized, and following incident response best practices. This technical note describes those factors and offers recommendations for implementing each one.


The essays in this volume form a commentary on "Descartes' Meditations". Following the sequence of the meditational stages, the authors analyze the function of each stage in transforming the reader, to realize his essential nature as a rational inquirer, capable of scientific, demonstrable knowledge of the world. There are essays on the genre of meditational writing, on the implications of the opening cathartic section of the book on Descartes' theory of perception and his use of skeptical arguments; essays on the theory of ideas and their role of Descartes' reconstructive analytic method; essays on the proofs for the existence of God, on the role of the will in the formation and malformation of judgments; and the essays on the foundations of the science of extension and on Descartes' account of the union of mind and body.


Patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) often experience bleeding, and we report a newly recognized coagulation abnormality in AL. Of 103 patients with primary systemic AL studied over 2 years, 41 had prolongation of the thrombin time (range, 25 to 46 seconds; normal, less than 22 seconds) and reptilase time (range, 17 to 39 seconds; normal, 14 to 16 seconds). The fibrinogen from the plasma of 36 patients was precipitated by beta-alanine and diluted to a concentration of approximately 200 mg/dL. The thrombin times of the precipitated fibrinogens were normal in 34 patients, implying that an inhibitor was responsible for the abnormal tests. The addition of patient fibrinogen-free plasma to normal plasma prolonged the thrombin times, and this result confirmed the presence of an inhibitor. The inhibitor is more likely to be present in patients with nephrotic syndrome (20 of our patients) and congestive heart failure (six). A circulating monoclonal protein (24 patients), the presence of amyloid liver involvement (eight), and the presence of amyloid neuropathy (nine) were not predisposing factors. Only one patient had deficiency of factor X. We conclude that inhibition of fibrinogen conversion to a fibrin clot rather than dysfibrinogenemia is the cause of the prolonged thrombin time in primary systemic AL.


Today's wiki engines are not interoperable. The rendering engine is tied to the processing tools which are tied to the wiki editors. This is an unfortunate consequence of the lack of rigorously specified standards. This paper discusses an EBNF-based grammar for Wiki Creole 1.0, a community standard for wiki markup, and demonstrates its benefits. Wiki Creole is being specified using prose, so our grammar revealed several categories of ambiguities, showing the value of a more formal approach to wiki markup specification. The formalization of Wiki Creole using a grammar shows performance problems that today's regular-expression-based wiki parsers might face when scaling up. We present an implementation of a wiki markup parser and demonstrate our test cases for validating Wiki Creole parsers. We view the work presented in this paper as an important step towards decoupling wiki rendering engines from processing tools and from editing tools by means of a precise and complete wiki markup specification. This decoupling layer will then allow innovation on these different parts to proceed independently and as is expected at a faster pace than before.


Present investigation describes statistically the influence of viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and types of filler on dipyridamole release from floating matrix tablets using 3 2 full factorial design. Tablets were prepared using direct compression technique. Tablets were evaluated for in vitro floating ability and drug release study using USP 24 types II paddle apparatus using 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at rotation of 100 rpm and temperature of 37±0.5°. Multiple regression analysis was performed for dependent variables studied and to evaluate contribution of factors with their levels two way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey test. Polynomial equations and response surface plots were generated for all dependent variables. It was observed that both the factors had significant influence on all dependent variable studied (p<0.05). It was observed that as viscosity of polymer increases the release rate constant was decreased. Release rate obtained was highest when microcrystalline cellulose was employed as filler followed by dicalcium phosphate and lactose. Mechanism of drug release was anomalous types and depends upon viscosity of polymer and types of filler used. Microcrystalline cellulose gave release mechanism nearer to diffusion mechanism while dicalcium phosphate and lactose gave anomalous release. It was observed that both the factors had significant contribution on all dependent variables studied. A major controlling factor for kinetics of drug release was viscosity of polymer and it can be modified by incorporation of different types of filler. In initial phase of drug release viscosity of polymer and types of filler both governs the drug release while in later phase only the viscosity of polymer predominates.


Hardware predictor designers have incorporated hysteresis and/or bias to achieve desired behavior by increasing the number of bits per counter. Some resulting proposed predictor designs are currently impractical because their counter tables are too large. We describe a method for dramatically reducing the amount of storage required for a predictor's counter table with minimal impact on prediction accuracy. Probabilistic updates to counter state are implemented using a hardware pseudo-random number generator to increment or decrement counters a fraction of the time, meaning fewer counter bits are required. We demonstrate the effectiveness of probabilistic updates in the context of Fields et al.'s critical path predictor, which employs a biased 6-bit counter. Averaged across the SPEC CINT2000 benchmarks, our 2-bit and 3-bit probabilistic counters closely approximate a 6-bit deterministic one (achieving speedups of 7.75% and 7.91% compared to 7.94%) when used for criticality-based scheduling in a clustered machine. Performance degrades gracefully, enabling even a 1-bit probabilistic counter to outperform the best 3-bit deterministic counter we found


Stonecutting in Adams county followed all the general developmental trends and stages exhibited by the craft in other parts of Pennsylvania. Adams county, nonetheless, evolved its unique approach to gravestone art, for rural early American stonecutters were by and large highly unique artistic individuals. The earliest prominent stonecutters maintained high artistic standards as well as exhibiting a high degree of creativity. These were craftsmen of the Scots-Irish Bigham family of Marsh Creek and the PennsylvaniaGerman Meals family, centered at Bender's Cemetery, Butler township. A third outstanding Adams county stonecutter was the predecessor of Barnet Hildebrand of East Berlin. This artist carved both in German script and in English and possessed a fine flowing style with an unusual German eye for proportion and spacing. In 1805, most Adams county residents were still being buried with rough red fieldstone to mark head and foot. Yet by 1805, members of these three prominent stonecutting groups had established a standard for Adams county stone-craving excellence. Their influence continued to shape the character of the county's gravestones until granite became the medium of choice. [excerpt]


The mid-1990s saw the rise of an important movement: a recognition that organizational knowledge, in its various forms and attributes, could be an important source of competitive advantage in the marketplace. Knowledge management has become one of the core competencies in today's competitive environment, where so much value in companies resides in their people, systems, and processes. Creating Value with Knowledge: Insights from the IBM Institute for Knowledge-based Organization examines a variety of important knowledge-related topics, some of which has been previously published in such journals as the Harvard Business Review, the California Management Review, and the Sloan Management Review, such as the use of informal networks, communities of practice, the impact of knowledge on successful alliances, social capital and trust, narrative and storytelling and the use of human intermediaries in the knowledge management process. It includes contributions from such leading thinkers as Lawrence Prusak, Dorothy Leonard, Eric Lesser, Rob Cross, and David Snowden. This book synthesizes some of the best thinking by the IBM Institute for Knowledge-Based Organizations, a think tank whose research agenda focuses on the management methods for deriving tangible business value from knowledge management and their real-world application. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0195165128/toc.html


Abstract The method introduced in this study for future projection of coastline changes hits the vital need of communicating the potential climate change impact on the coast in the 21th century. A quantitative method called the Dynamic Equilibrium Shore Model (DESM) has been developed to hindcast historical sediment mass budgets and to reconstruct a paleo Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The forward mode of the DESM model relies on paleo-scenarios reconstructed by the DESM model assuming stationary wind-wave climate. A linear relationship between the sea level, coastline changes and sediment budget is formulated and proven by the least square regression method. In addition to its forward prediction of coastline changes, this linear relationship can also estimate the sediment budget by using the information on the coastline and relative sea level changes. Wind climate change is examined based on regional climate model data. Our projections for the end of the 21st century suggest that the wind and wave climates in the southern Baltic Sea may not change compared to present conditions and that the investigated coastline along the Pomeranian Bay may retreat from 10 to 100 m depending on the location and on the sea level rise which was assumed to be in the range of 0.12 to 0.24 m.


There have been ubiquitous observations of wave-like motions in the solar atmosphere for decades and the presence of magnetoacoustic waves in magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere is well-documented.
By using high-resolution data sets taken from several solar telescopes, the aim was to identify magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) wave modes in the cross-sectional area of these magnetic structures.
Two sunspots and four pores were chosen as good examples of MHD wave guides in the lower solar atmosphere.
To achieve this aim, the cross-sectional area and total intensity was measured through time, then this signal was analysed with three signal analysis methods, namely, wavelets, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Many characteristic periods were found within the cross-sectional area and total intensity time series.
To identify what MHD wave mode these oscillations are, previously derived linear MHD theory details that each MHD wave mode perturbs the cross-sectional area and total intensity differently.
This phase difference is used to separate the possible MHD wave modes.
These oscillations were identified as slow sausage MHD waves, as the phase difference between the cross-sectional area and total intensity was in phase which is the signature of slow sausage MHD waves.
Furthermore, several properties of these oscillations such as the radial velocity perturbation, magnetic field perturbation and vertical wavenumber were determined using magneto-seismology.
The calculated range of the wavenumbers reveals that these oscillations are trapped within these magnetic structures and are standing harmonics.
This allowed the calculation of the expansion factor of the wave guides by employing further magneto-seismology theory.
Finally was the analysis of Running Penumbral Waves (RPWs).
Here, RPWs within a pore are observed for the first time and are interpreted as Upwardly Propagating Waves (UPWs) due to the lack of a penumbra that is required to support RPWs.
These UPWs are also observed co-spatially and co-temporally within two emission lines that sample the Transition Region and low corona.
The estimated energy of the waves is around 150 W m$^{-2}$, which is on the lower bounds required to heat the quiet Sun corona.


Abstract Precise measurement of the content and the layer charge of illite and smectite is an important aspect of the mineralogical calibration of geophysical well logs and of the evaluation of mechanical and chemical properties of sedimentary rocks. A technique for obtaining such measurements was developed during mineralogical studies of the Miocene clastic rocks from the Carpathian Foredeep. X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical, cation exchange capacity (CEC), H2O sorption, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) sorption data were obtained for 65 samples of sandstones, shales and carbonates. The illite + smectite sum, involving all detected 2:1 minerals (smectite, illite-smectite, illite, glauconite and muscovite) was measured by XRD. The content of the illitic component was evaluated separately using % K2O and accounting for % K2O in K-feldspar. The content of the smectitic component was estimated from EGME retention using the reference data for a smectite standard, and from CEC assuming the smectitic layer charge of 0.41/O10(OH)2 (Środoń et al., in press). All these measurements produced very consistent results.


In this essay, I argue that the World Health Organization (WHO) has not been equipped with the necessary authority to adequately fulfill its mission. The WHO was built on the mistaken assumption that attaining adequate global health is a matter of high-level coordination. However, the challenge of global health governance is, crucially, also one of complex political cooperation. I distinguish between different types of cooperation problems faced by the WHO and explain why achieving global health calls for intrusive powers by a governing authority—powers that the WHO does not enjoy.


Abstract This research unifies studies on macro- and micro-level relationships regarding changes in city-level partnerships and changes in social capital, or ties between community members. Social capital, a concept popularized by Robert Putnam, is often studied apart from issues of power, but power is a crucial component in other constructions of the term (most notably, the work of Pierre Bourdieu). This study uses Putnam's conceptualization of social capital by using the survey instrument he commissioned, the Social Capital Benchmark Survey (SCBS), to measure social capital across communities. However, this study embeds this data in a city's power relations, using interviews and document review to determine how relationships and partnerships changed among the city's powerful. Winston-Salem, NC provides an ideal case study due to its moderate-city size and local investments to grow social capital. The city is studied over two years, 2000 and 2006, for general changes in social capital, intra-sector changes, and diversity within the affordable housing industry. Ultimately, the research suggests that overall growth in social capital will produce more productive partnerships among the powerful, and that sectors governing the spaces with social capital growth will obtain more control and leverage in their partnerships. Weaknesses in social capital, which for Winston-Salem include measures of intolerance, can be noticed within cross-sector relationships as well. The research suggests that changes in social capital are manifested at the leadership level, however increasing social capital in Winston-Salem only strengthened the existing power hierarchies in place, and did little to increase community involvement in decision making. Abstract: This research unifies studies on macro- and micro-level relationships regarding changes in city-level partnerships and changes in social capital, or ties between community members. Social capital, a concept popularized by Robert Putnam, is often studied apart from issues of power, but power is a crucial component in other constructions of the term (most notably, the work of Pierre Bourdieu). This study uses Putnam's conceptualization of social capital by using the survey instrument he commissioned, the Social Capital Benchmark Survey (SCBS), to measure social capital across communities. However, this study embeds this data in a city's power relations, using interviews and document review to determine how relationships and partnerships changed among the city's powerful. Winston-Salem, NC provides an ideal case study due to its moderate-city size and local investments to grow social capital. The city is studied over two years, 2000 and 2006, for general changes in social capital, intra-sector changes, and diversity within the affordable housing industry. Ultimately, the research suggests that overall growth in social capital will produce more productive partnerships among the powerful, and that sectors governing the spaces with social capital growth will obtain more control and leverage in their partnerships. Weaknesses in social capital, which for Winston-Salem include measures of intolerance, can be noticed within cross-sector relationships as well. The research suggests that changes in social capital are manifested at the leadership level, however increasing social capital in Winston-Salem only strengthened the existing power hierarchies in place, and did little to increase community involvement in decision making.


The suffix tree of string w represents all suffixes of w, and thus it supports full indexing of w for exact pattern matching. On the other hand, a sparse suffix tree of w represents only a subset of the suffixes of w, and therefore it supports sparse indexing of w. There has been a wide range of applications of sparse suffix trees, e.g., natural language processing and biological sequence analysis. Word suffix trees are a variant of sparse suffix trees that are defined for strings that contain a special word delimiter #. Namely, the word suffix tree of string w = w1w2 · · ·wk, consisting of k words each ending with #, represents only the k suffixes of w of the form wi · · ·wk. Recently, we presented an algorithm which builds word suffix trees in O(n) time with O(k) space, where n is the length of w. In addition, we proposed sparse directed acyclic word graphs (SDAWGs) and an on-line algorithm for constructing them, working in O(n) time and space. As a further achievement of this research direction, this paper introduces yet a new text indexing structure named sparse compact directed acyclic word graphs (SCDAWGs). We show that the size of SCDAWGs is smaller than that of word suffix trees and SDAWGs, and present an SCDAWG construction algorithm that works in O(n) time with O(k) space and in an on-line manner.


Transfer learning is a recent field of machine learning research that aims to resolve the challenge of dealing with insufficient training data in the domain of interest. This is a particular issue with traditional deep neural networks where a large amount of training data is needed. Recently, StochasticNets was proposed to take advantage of sparse connectivity in order to decrease the number of parameters that needs to be learned, which in turn may relax training data size requirements. In this paper, we study the efficacy of transfer learning on StochasticNet frameworks. Experimental results show 7% improvement on StochasticNet performance when the transfer learning is applied in training step.


"Samurai Selling" is a unique guide for the modern salesperson. The code of the ancient Japanese samurai is grounded in service and personal character. " Samurai Selling "shows sales professionals how to apply the code of the samurai, so that whether you sell cars, real estate, office products, or personal home products, you have fresh and powerful techniques to win life-long customers. "Samurai Selling "tells stories of the ancient samurai and relates them to today's competitive sales climate. Based on a proven seminar which the authors have taught to thousands of managers and sales professionals, the book is filled with practical tips, examples, and exercises that will hone your selling skills and improve your customer service.


Comparing Steady State to Time Interval Measurements of Resting Metabolic Rate Chelsea Jayne Irving Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, BYU Master of Science Background: The two most common methods to measure resting metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry are steady state or time interval. Steady state is commonly defined as the first five minutes in which oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary by <10%. A time interval measurement generally lasts 20-60 minutes. Using steady state criteria is often harder to achieve, but many suggest it more accurately measures resting metabolic rate. Our objective was to determine if there were differences between steady state and time interval measurements in a healthy adult population. Materials and Methods: Seventy seven subjects were measured for 45 minutes. Inclusion criteria included healthy subjects ages 18-65, excluding pregnant and lactating women. Paired t-tests analyzed differences between measures, and Bland-Altman plots evaluated bias, precision, and accuracy Results: Of 77 subjects, 84% achieved steady state, and 95% achieved SS by minute 30. Most differences between steady state and time intervals were statistically but not practically significant. Bland-Altman plots showed steady state measurements were generally lower indicating that steady state is more indicative of resting metabolic rate. Minutes 6-25 were most precise, accurate and fairly unbiased compared to steady state. Conclusions: We recommend measuring a subject for 30 minutes and using steady state criteria of <10% variation of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production for five minutes if a subject is able to achieve it. However, if a subject cannot achieve steady state, we recommend averaging minutes 6-25.


Many wonder if the separation of powers is going to be reinvigorated by the new appointees to the federal judiciary. But that doctrine in practice means that occasionally alarming, but exceedingly rare, doctrinal innovations—finding venerable parts of the administrative state or portions of high-profile congressional statutes to be unconstitutional, for example—make no real-world difference because of the modest remedies paired with those innovations. This Article shows how weak the separation of powers doctrines have become; explains how, in the rare case that the doctrines require a remedy, the remedy is almost never what the plaintiff seeks or a constraint on the administrative state; and analyzes why judges of every ideological stripe have turned away from the doctrine. It adds a comprehensive study of the past two decades of practice by the Supreme Court and D.C. Circuit to the existing literature and argues that we would be better off abandoning efforts to reinvigorate the functional versions of the doctrines.


Previous research work at Heriot-Watt University using immersive virtual reality (VR) for cable harness design showed that VR provided substantial productivity gains over traditional computer-aided design (CAD) systems. This follow-on work was aimed at understanding the degree to which aspects of this technology were contributed to these benefits and to determine if engineering design and planning processes could be analysed in detail by nonintrusively monitoring and logging engineering tasks. This involved using a CAD-equivalent VR system for cable harness routing design, harness assembly and installation planning that can be functionally evaluated using a set of creative design-tasks to measure the system and users' performance. A novel design task categorisation scheme was created and formalised which broke down the cable harness design process and associated activities. The system was also used to demonstrate the automatic generation of usable bulkhead connector, cable harness assembly and cable harness installation plans from non-intrusive user logging. Finally, the data generated from the user-logging allowed the automated activity categorisation of the user actions, automated generation of process flow diagrams and chronocyclegraphs.


In 1999, two blocks of shops were pulled down in the centre of the city of Mainz on a site that in Roman times was not far from the major road that led from the camp of leg. XIV Gemina to the bridge over the Rhine. This chapter provides basic information about the sanctuary of Isis and Mater Magna. It comprises several cult-rooms and - as usual in mystery-cults - rooms for meetings and banquets, also a well and a latrine. The sanctuary is of very considerable importance for the social and religious history of Germania Superior, and indeed the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire. The joint sanctuary of Isis and Mater Magna at Mainz and the lead tablets found there are important in this context for three reasons.Keywords: Isis; Mainz; Mater Magna; Roman Empire


Department of English York University North York, Ontario The author explores Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness (1928) and Leslie Feinberg's Stone Butch Blues (1993) to show how lesbian subjectivity is a particular historical effect of discursive and representational practices, and to disturb the heteronormative classifications of sexuality which have historically been used to criminalize and pathologize the lesbian subject. L'auteure etudie The Well of Loneliness par Radclyffe Hall (1928) et Stone Butch Blues par Leslie Feinberg (1993) afin de demontrer comment la subjectivite lesbienne est rattachee a des discours et a des representations etroitement lies a un effet historique bien specifique, et afin de deranger les classifications heteronormatives de sexualite, historiquement employees afin de rendre criminelle et pathologique la lesbienne en tant que sujet. ... we have a story that by definition cannot be self-present to us, a story that, in other words, is not a story, but must become a story. And it cannot become a story except through the bond of reading.--Shoshana Felman, What Does A Woman Want? Thank you for reading this journal entry in class - it puts you into a complex history of reading and re-reading this text and suggests what is at stake for you in elaborating your history of reading it...[C]an you be more discursive...be prolix? verbose?--Kathleen Martindale, notes on a journal entry. This paper tells stories about reading. (1) The first occurs in the mid 1970s, in an otherwise unremarkable, although primarily white and middle-class high school in southern Ontario, where I read my first "lesbian" book, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon's Lesbian/Woman (1972). (2) I had searched the school library for books that might help me come to terms with, or find a name for, that elusive "difference" that seemed so obvious but escaped definition. (3) What I might call this difference continued to escape me, until I found Martin and Lyon. I don't remember how I found the book, but I am quite certain I did not find it in my high school library. Published in 1972, two years after the appearance of the Radicalesbians' manifesto "The Woman-Identified Woman," and ten years before Adrienne Rich's "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence," Lesbian/Woman was marketed as "the most complete and revealing book ever written about women who love other women" (from the front cover). Part conduct manual, part autobiography, part apologia and certainly an exciting read at the time, Lesbian/Woman gave me not only the term "lesbian" but also a Foucauldian game of truth, an ensemble of rules and procedures with which I came to recognize myself as subject of a sexual practice (Foucault, 1985, p. 26). But I am getting ahead of the story. What I thought Lesbian/Woman and other texts, including Sappho Was a Right-On Woman (Abbott and Love, 1972) gave me then was an identity and the language to name what seemed to be the core truth of who "I" was. (4) These texts could be read as Lesbian autobiography, colocating an identity dispersed throughout psychoanalytic, medical, heterosexual feminist and gay liberatory discourses, reversing that dispersion so that any lesbian could speak using that "I" as it was represented. The "I's" of these numerous discourses were now one entity, one identity, and spoke of what, empowered by a form of nationalism, or so the story goes, came to be known as the "lesbian nation." In finding Lesbian/Woman I found that "I," that identity, and took it to heart. "Lesbians really did exist," the text told me, "and this book, written by Lesbians, proves it." In case there were any lingering doubts, the back cover assured me of its "truth." The authors of this book are lesbians. They have been "married" for over twenty years. They will tell you what it's like to grow up gay, to "come out," to share a life with another woman, and to be a lesbian mother. …


Background ONowadays uncontrolled uses of chemical fertilizers which have many heavy metals such as Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in addition have economic problems, cause to serious damages in the environment. Therefore uncontrolled application of fertilizers can cause accumulation contaminants in soil, water sources and increasing in plants and human & animalsr food chain. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizers application to increase heavy metals in agricultural soils at directions to prevent contamination in water sources, agricultural products and the best uses of chemical fertilizers. Methods: In this study, 20 soil samples and 5 useful chemical fertilizer samples were collected and investigated. After fertilizer and soil samples were prepared, digested and filtered, heavy metals were determined with using atomic absorption. Results: The results of this study showed that, Cd in Diammonum phosphaten fertilizer 1.25 times, Super phosphate triple 1.7 times and in Macro granular fertilizer 1.5 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in chemical fertilizers. Cadmium concentration in all of the Jarghoye (Isfahan) agricultural soil samples 3 to 7 times and in the Mobarake village (Najaf abad) agricultural soil samples 10 to 35 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in agricultural soils. But Pb and Zn concentration in all of the agricultural soil samples was less than the amount of maximum acceptable concentration. Conclusion: Phosphate chemical fertilizers were positive effects to increase concentration of Pb and Zn in agricultural soils. Therefore, application of the fertilizer must be more attention because of increasing heavy metals in the agriculture soils and probably increasing heavy metals in food chain.nn


For years those responsible for Social Security and policy analysts have acknowledged that the present statutory framework for determining and financing program benefits is unsustainable. Nonetheless, despite the work of Presidential commissions, countless Congressional hearings, proposals for reform advanced by individuals and groups across the political spectrum, changes to Social Security that would restore its fiscal balance into the foreseeable future have repeatedly been deferred or deflected by the nation's law-makers. This paper aims to assist analysis of and reflection on the range of options for ensuring Social Security's future while not adding yet another solvency proposal to the already ample supply. It begins with several background observations. These are followed by a discussion of personal (or private) accounts to which former President George W. Bush gave salience and which continue to be included among the talking points of politicians hostile to Social Security's fundamental structure. Next the paper reviews the more likely program changes that would (unlike personal accounts) directly address Social Security's long-term "deficit." That section is followed by one sketching possible revisions in the program's benefit structure designed to achieve ends other than reducing Social Security expenditures. The paper concludes with some observations on the role that framing has played in past debates over Social Security's future. Finally, there is an appendix explaining the central terms and components of the current program. It is provided for readers who might otherwise be unclear about the meaning or implications of changing Social Security's "Primary Insurance Amount" formula or its "Full Retirement Age."


Background: Long-term financial support is essential for the survival of a charitable organization. Health charities need to identify the effective factors influencing donor retention. Methods: In the present study, the items of a questionnaire were derived from both literature review and semi-structured interviews related to donor retention. Using a purposive sampling, 300 academic and executive practitioners were selected. After the follow- up, a total of 243 usable questionnaires were prepared for factor analysis. The questionnaire was validated based on the face and content validity and reliability through Cronbach's α-coefficient. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis extracted 2 factors for retention: donor factor (variance = 33.841%; Cronbach's α-coefficient = 90.2) and charity factor (variance = 29.038%; Cronbach's α-coefficient = 82.8), respectively. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to support the overall reasonable fit. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that repeated monetary donations are supplied to the charitable organizations when both aspects of donor factor (retention factor and charity factor) for retention are taken into consideration. This model could provide a perspective for making sustainable donations and charitable giving


The exception in the law. A discussion of the state of exception in juridical and political theory Abstract: The current paper aims at an analysis of ths state of exception or exceptional legislation, incorporating to studies coming from political theory, certain distinctions from the law that might contribute to a clarification of the debate. This in view that to-day we confront a "normalized" state of exception, since exceptions are incorporated into juridical ordering. This typo of legislations shows the relation between norm and decision and/or between norm and power, and in the juridical theory could be analyzed through figures like the tacit alternative clause of Kelsen or the relation between validity and efficacy of norms.


The aim of the study was to determine the postharvest fruit quality of mango cv. Alphonso treated with the laboratory grade (LG) and commercial grade (CG) Calcium Carbide (CaC2) at the reported highest acceptable dose, and elemental composition analysis (EDX) results to support the statements for traceability of hazardous trace elements in CaC2, which can serve as a basis towards developing sensors for identifying CaC2 treated mangoes through detection of trace elements. Physical, physiological, biochemical and EDX of mango cv. Alphonso harvested from farmers' field of Santur village in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India were used for the study. All studied physical characteristics except fruit firmness of CG CaC2 treated fruits did not correlate to desirable fruit characteristics like total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titrable acidity, total sugars and ascorbic acid. Besides, these parameters were desirable only in control fruits, though a number of days taken to reach fruit consumption stage was relatively more compared to CaC2 treatment. In vitro, free radical scavenging potential of DPPH was comparatively higher in control fruits than CaC2 treated fruits of both grades. Lab grade (LG) CaC2 treated fruits were non-significant in modifying physical, physiological and biochemical properties of mango cv. Alphonso except for TSS. However, at the end of the experimental period, CG CaC2 treated fruits recorded higher TSS than LG CaC2 treated fruits. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) results confirmed traceability of health hazardous chemical substances of arsenic (As) and phosphorous (P) in both LG and CG CaC2 lumps. Calcium carbide when used as an artificial ripening agent was not in contact with the fruit surface, the presence of arsenic and phosphorus were not detected in the EDX spectrum, a novel finding of our study.


This paper reports on an acoustic analysis of secondary prosodic cues of question signaling (baseline slope, speech rate, stressed syllable duration), comparing declarative statements, declarative questions, and wh-questions in Peninsular Spanish. The signaling of questions has been reported as more complex than the 'high vs. low pitch' dichotomy often referenced in the literature. Our analysis reveals that baseline slope may be the best phonetic property for categorizing wh-questions separately from statements and declarative questions; measures of speech rate and syllable duration are not a straightforward heuristic for differentiating sentence types. The distributional and statistical results are contrary to van Heuven & Haan's (2000, 2002) idea that there is a relative prosodic marking of question type based on the number of lexico-syntactic devices used to signal a question. We propose that the tonal categories that comprise an intonational melody may account for tempo differences within and across question types, along the lines of Gussenhoven's (2004) effort code.


OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest that young adults have worse health care access, use less primary care, and visit emergency departments more frequently than adolescents. We examined whether these differences existed between older adolescents and young adults with asthma. METHODS: Using nationally representative data from the 1999 to 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we performed cross-sectional comparisons of access and utilization between older adolescents (ages 14–17) and young adults (ages 19–25) with asthma. In longitudinal analyses, we assessed whether changes in health insurance coverage, schooling, and adult presence at home predicted changes in access and utilization. RESULTS: Young adults with asthma were less likely to have a usual source of care (–13.7 percentage points; P < .001) or primary care visit within the past year (–13.9 percentage points; P = .006). They were less likely to fill a short-acting beta-agonist prescription (–10.6 percentage points; P = .02) and more likely to visit the emergency department within the past year (+9.7 percentage points; P = .01). Adjusting for differences in insurance coverage reduced differences in usual source of care and primary care use by 32.4% to 38.0% but reduced the difference in emergency department use by only 10.3%. Among participants aged 16 to 19 in the first survey year, becoming uninsured strongly predicted losing a usual source of care (change relative to no coverage loss: –25.2 percentage points; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with older adolescents with asthma, young adults with asthma have worse health care access and may use care less optimally. These differences were associated with but were not completely explained by differences in insurance coverage.


ANGUSJournal n October 2012 T Angus Foundation has announced  that Connealy Angus, Whitman, Neb., will donate the 2013 Angus Foundation Heifer, scheduled to sell January 2013 at the National Western Stock Show (NWSS) in Denver, Colo. The Connealys are offering the buyer of the 2013 Angus Foundation Heifer Package the pick of their entire 2012 spring crop of about 300 elite heifer calves. No heifers from this group will be sold until the buyer has chosen a heifer. Yearling and scan data on the heifers will be available to the buyer in February 2013. The Connealy family issued this statement about the donation: "We are privileged to have the opportunity to contribute to the endeavors of the Angus Foundation. For more than 30 years, the Foundation has been exemplary in its commitment to funding scholarships and programs for youth, continuing education and research. We are grateful for the wonderful work the Foundation has done that has benefited so many individuals and enhanced our industry so greatly." Angus Foundation President Milford Jenkins says, as with all Angus Foundation Heifer donors since the inception of the successful fundraising activity in 1980, the Foundation is thankful to the Connealy family as the 2013 donor. "I am immeasurably humbled by the Connealy family's generous donation of the pick of the entire 2012 spring heifer crop," Jenkins says. "The enviable success and proven track record of this elite Angus seedstock program producing breed-leading sires year in and year out speaks for itself." Sires of the Connealy Angus 2012 spring heifer crop include: Connealy Consensus, Connealy Tobin, Connealy Capitalist 028, Connealy Confidence 0100, Connealy Consensus 7229, GDAR Game Day 449, Hoover Dam, Connealy Mentor 7374, Connealy Trustmark, DR Sierra Cut 7404, Connealy Packer 547, EXAR Upshot 0562B, Connealy Broadside 557, Kesslar's Frontman R001, Connealy Impression, Connealy Impression 582, Connealy Irish 0204, Benfield Substance 8506, Connealy Gold, Connealy Freightliner, Connealy Answer 71, SAV Final Answer 0035, Coleman Regis 904, Connealy Stimulus 8419, Connealy Contrast, Connealy Concrete, Connealy In Focus 4925, Connealy Final Product, Styles Upgrade J59, SAV Pioneer 7301 and Hoover Headliner J32. The sale of the Angus Foundation Heifer supports the Angus Foundation, the not-for-profit affiliate of the American Angus Association that funds and supports programs involving education, youth and research in the Angus breed and agricultural industry. For more information about the Angus Foundation Heifer, contact Jenkins at 816383-5100.


This research describes the evaluation of video tutorials used in a graduate level online statistics course. The evaluation focused on attitudes toward the tutorials and differences in academic performance between online sections that used the tutorials and those that did not. Attitude results were based on 78 students who completed an online survey and indicated positive perceptions of the tutorials. The quantitative findings were supported by narrative comments that suggested the tutorials were an effective component of the course. However, comparisons of sections with and without access to the tutorials showed no statistically significant difference with respect to academic performance. These results suggest that video presentations used as supplemental materials may provide instructional designers with a tool to create online courses that are as effective as traditional face-to-face courses.


Tonic and phasic inhibitory mechanisms mediating sensorimotor plasticity in the goldfish auditory startle circuit by Paul C.P. Curtin Advisor: Professor Thomas Preuss This work describes related studies of cellular and synaptic signaling mechanisms involved in the balance of excitation and inhibition in the goldfish auditory startle circuit. The general purpose of these experiments was to identify novel mechanisms that contribute to action selection and inhibition among units of the motor control hierarchy. The method developed to achieve this goal tested the effects of selective antagonists for target receptor systems on sound-evoked excitation and inhibition of startle. Chapter 2 describes a study of a poorly-understood serotonergic mechanism, the 5-HT5A receptor, that was not previously functionally characterized in native tissues or associated with neural or behavioral processes. Treatment with a selective 5-HT5A antagonist caused a 26.41±3.98% reduction in sound-evoked excitation of startle. Subsequent experiments revealed that the 5-HT5A antagonist significantly reduced post-synaptic excitability in the Mauthner-cell (M-cell) neurons that initiate startle. Despite these effects, prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response remained robustly intact after treatment with the 5-HT5A antagonist. The 5-HT5A receptor is thus not a likely mechanism for PPI, but does act as a selective modulator of startle excitability. A final series of experiments confirmed that the 5-HT5A antagonist reduced M-cell excitability by increasing Cl conductance, likely by activating Cl channels. Chapter 3 presents experiments focused on the inhibitory neurotransmitters that directly mediate the phasic inhibitory process elicted during PPI. Strychnine, a glycine receptor (GlyR) antagonist, caused an 87.43 ± 21.53% increase in sound-evoked excitation of startle, but PPI remained robustly intact, despite this. GlyRs thus likely mediate a tonic inhibitory process that was blocked by strychnine treatment, but glycinergic components of sound-evoked inhibition decayed too rapidly (<50 ms) to contribute to the prolonged time-course of PPI. In a parallel series of experiments, treatment with bicuculline, the GABAAR antagonist, caused similar increases in sound-evoked excitation (by 133.8 ± 10.3%) of startle, but the GABAAR antagonist also significantly reduced auditory PPI at interstimulus intervals of 100 ms and less. In sum, these findings indicate that glycine and GABA tonically inhibit the M-cell startle circuit, but GABA is also the primary effector mechanism for inhibitory signaling during PPI. In summary, three goals were accomplished. First, the thorough functional characterization of 5-HT5A provided a fully integrated serotonergic mechanism, and this appears to provide an ideal tool for selective modulatory control. Next, experiments with strychnine emphasize a short-lived role of GlyRs in sound-evoked (feed-forward) inhibition, and also act as mediators of a tonic inhibitory process that controls startle excitability. Last, experiments with bicuculline identify GABA as the inhibitory neurotransmitter that directly mediates PPI.


Increasingly, experts recognize that gender has affected urban planning and the design of the spaces where we live and work. Too often, urban and suburban spaces support stereotypically male activities and planning methodologies reflect a male-dominated society. To document and analyze the connection between gender and planning, the editors of this volume have assembled an interdisciplinary collection of influential essays by leading scholars. Contributors point to the ubiquitous single-family home, which prevents women from sharing tasks or pooling services. Similarly, they argue that public transportation routes are usually designed for the (male) worker's commute from home to the central city, and do not help the suburban dweller running errands. In addition to these practical considerations, many contributors offer theoretical perspectives on issues such as planning discourse and the construction of concepts of rationality. While the essays call for an awareness of gender in matters of planning, they do not over-simplify the issue by moving toward a single feminist solution. Contributors realize that not all women gravitate toward communal opportunities, that many women now share the supposedly male commute, and that considerations of race and class need to influence planning as well. Among various recommendations, contributors urge urban planners to provide opportunities that facilitate women's needs, such as childcare on the way to work and jobs that are decentralized so that women can be close to their children. Bringing together the most important writings of the last twenty-five years, this book is essential reading for students and scholars of planning theory as well as anyone concerned with gender and diversity. Susan S. Fainstein is a professor of urban planning at Columbia University. Lisa J. Servon is an associate professor in the Milano Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy at the New School.


Mutacin II is an antibiotic that is produced by group II Streptococcus mutans. It inhibits the growth of other streptococci as well as many other gram-positive microorganisms by a hitherto unknown mechanism. Mutacin II possess bactericidal activity against susceptible cells. It transiently depolarizes the transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi) and the transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH) and partially inhibits amino acid transport. However, it rapidly depletes the intracellular ATP pool in glucose-energized cells and prevents the generation of ATP. It is concluded that mutacin II does not belong to the group of pore-forming antibiotics (type A) or to the type B antibiotics, which inhibit phospholipases or interfere with peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Mutacin II acts by inhibiting essential enzyme functions at the level of metabolic energy generation, an activity that has not yet been classified for antibiotics.


A review, analysis and enumeration are presented of factors relevant to motorcycle airbag feasibility research. This includes: an update of the status of related research in the motorcycle airbag feasibility field; relevant experience and factors from the car airbag field; additional unique factors and considerations for motorcycles; and the potential need to address motorcyclist out-of-position riding; other sizes of riders; motorcycle seating layout variation; resistance to and consequences of unintended deployment on a motorcyclist; neck injury criteria and dummy neck biofideity; injury risk-benefit considerations; environmental exposure on motorcycles; and discussion of feasibility definition and factors. Also discussed are the use of component tests, sled tests, full scale impact tests and computer simulation as evaluation tools; and the relationship of such airbag factors to the existing International Standard ISO 13232, which currently primarily addresses test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of fixed devices fitted to motorcycles intended to protect the rider. An enumeration of related references and potentially related car standards are provided. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.


Clinically, 17q12 chromosomal duplication has been associated with a wide variety of phenotypes, ranging from normal individuals to patients with various, complex anomalies. The variable phenotypes of the 17q12 duplication have been suggested to be the result of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the duplication. Three genes have been implicated as playing a role in the pathogenesis of this genetic anomaly: HFN1 (also known as TCF2 ), ACACA , and in particular LHX1 , which has an important role in the early neuronal development. This molecular anomaly has been uncommonly reported. A genotype/phenotype correlation has not yet been well established. Here, we present a clinical report on a family, a father and his two children, harboring a 17q12 microduplication. Both children presented with a similar pattern of clinical signs and features, including typical absence seizures, movement and behavioral disorders, mild facial dysmorphisms, and mild intellective disability. Some of these anomalies were also present in the father, who had suffered from episodes of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy in his childhood and shows clinical signs of movement and behavioral disorders that started at the age of 11 years.


This paper analyzes the effects of the legal rules governing transnational bankruptcies. We compare a regime of territoriality' -- in which assets are adjudicated by the jurisdiction in which they are located at the time of the bankruptcy -- with a regime of universality are adjudicated in a single jurisdiction. Territoriality is shown to generate a distortion in investment patterns that might lead to an inefficient allocation of capital across countries. We also analyze who gains and who loses from territoriality, explain why countries engage in it even though it reduces global welfare, and identify what can be done to achieve universality.


The newly elected President of Moldova, Igor Dodon, makes his first visit Brussels on February
7th, following his first visit to Moscow in January, where he announced his wish to repeal his
country's Association Agreement with the EU and to join the Eurasian Economic Union instead.
While this cannot happen until and unless the parliamentary elections in 2018 return a
parliamentary majority supporting his Socialist party, his statement has already inflicted
damage by creating strategic uncertainty over Moldova's European orientation. Dodon's
argument seems to ignore the huge restructuring of Moldovan trade towards Europe and away
from Russia that has taken place over the last decade. To try to set the clock back would be a
disastrous move – effectively committing economic suicide for Moldova.