The article analyzes the issues of inclusion and special education in the creative heritage of Sofia Rusova – teacher, citizen, politician, state maker, who considered them in the context of world scientific achievements of the interwar period of the XX century. Inclusion, as a process of increasing the participation of all citizens in society, including those with physical or mental disabilities, involves the development and implementation of specific solutions that will allow each person to participate equally in academic and public life. The evolution of the idea of inclusion and the birth of special education S. Rusova closely linked with the understanding and interpretation of the leading principles of pedagogy, general and social psychology, sociology, philosophy of education, historical and pedagogical searches of the late XIX - early XX century. Perhaps the most important source of new pedagogical ideas of S. Rusova, embodied in the writings of the interwar period ("New School of Social Education", "Education and Sociology of Durkheim", "Social Education: Its Importance in Public Life", "Public Issues of Education" became acquainted with the latest trends in Western European pedagogy, which allowed her to keep up with the times, psychologize pedagogy. Extensive education, fluency in the leading European languages (first and foremost, French) made it possible for S. Rusova to access the original literature - works by J. Dewey, E. Claapared, G. Kerschensteiner, V. Lai, E. Meiman, and G. Spencer with the most prominent pedagogical figures of the 1920s and 1930s, including O. Decroly and M. Montessori, and studying the experience of their practical work. Guided by the statement that " development of the child is influenced by three main factors: education, heritage, and environment", based on the experiments of foreign (German, Belgian, Czech) researches, the scientist revealed the specifics of social and educational impact of the environment, preparing the groundwork inclusion as a set of conditions, methods and means of their implementation for joint learning, education and development of the educational recipients, taking into account their needsand opportunities. At the same time, I emphasize the shaft that no child "is passively influenced by the environment: it takes from it what its individuality seeks." The issue of special education, in particular, the psychological and pedagogical principles of working with children with intellectual disabilities, is most fully revealed in S. Rusova's work, "Something about defective children in school". It clearly traces the idea that children of all walks of life are necessarily subject to process education and training. According to S. Rusova, children with deviant behavior (in particular, "child offenders"), for whom the conditions for education as a factor of their re-education should be created, and for the needs of such schools, should not be left out of the educational influence in order to organize teacher training "with a deep psychological understanding of their sick students, with a heart warmed with love for them, and with a certain understanding of their social and pedagogical task: to return these children to citizenship ...". Summarizing the above, it can be argued that the issues of inclusion, studying, education of children and young people with special educational needs, as represented by the property of Sofia Rusova are a significant contribution to Ukrainian and world pedagogical thought, an important factor in the revival of national educational systems in the teaching experiences of the past.


A major issue in telepathology is the extremely large and growing size of digitized "virtual" slides, which can require several gigabytes of storage and cause significant delays in data transmission for remote image interpretation and interactive visualization by pathologists. Compression can reduce this massive amount of virtual slide data, but reversible (lossless) methods limit data reduction to less than 50%, while lossy compression can degrade image quality and diagnostic accuracy. "Visually lossless" compression offers the potential for using higher compression levels without noticeable artifacts, but requires a rate-control strategy that adapts to image content and loss visibility. We investigated the utility of a visual discrimination model (VDM) and other distortion metrics for predicting JPEG 2000 bit rates corresponding to visually lossless compression of virtual slides for breast biopsy specimens. Threshold bit rates were determined experimentally with human observers for a variety of tissue regions cropped from virtual slides. For test images compressed to their visually lossless thresholds, just-noticeable difference (JND) metrics computed by the VDM were nearly constant at the 95th percentile level or higher, and were significantly less variable than peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) metrics. Our results suggest that VDM metrics could be used to guide the compression of virtual slides to achieve visually lossless compression while providing 5-12 times the data reduction of reversible methods.


Approximate reasoning is one of the most effective fuzzy systems. The compositional rule of inference founded on the logical law modus ponens is furnished with a true conclusion, provided that the premises of the rule are true as well. Even though there exist different approaches to an implication, being the crucial part of the rule, we modify the early implication proposed by Zadeh [1] in our practical model concerning a medical application. The approximate reasoning system presented in this work considers evaluation of a risk in the situation when physicians weigh necessity of the operation on a patient. The patient's clinical symptom levels, pathologically heightened, indicate the presence of a disease possible to recover by surgery. We wish to evaluate the extension of the operation danger by involving particularly designed fuzzy sets in the algorithm of approximate reasoning. Keywords—Approximate reasoning, compositional rule of inference, Zadeh's implication, operation risk, symptom levels, parametric membership functions.


Planning effective courses of action requires making predictions about what the world may be like at the time the actions are to be performed. Making these predictions requires a temporal representation, and—assuming a world that is not entirely predictable and an agent that is not omniscient—a representation of the uncertainty that will characterize its incomplete knowledge of the world. We provide in this paper a representation and calculus for computing an agent's strength of belief in a proposition at a point in time, based on (possibly imperfect) observations about that proposition and information about the tendency of the proposition to persist over time.


Early in the twenty-first century, Louisiana, one of the poorest states in the United States, redirected millions in tax dollars from the public coffers in an effort to become the top location site globally for the production of Hollywood films and television series. Why would lawmakers support such a policy? Why would citizens accept the policy's uncomfortable effects on their economy and culture? Almost Hollywood, Nearly New Orleans addresses these questions through a study of the local and everyday experiences of the film economy in New Orleans, Louisiana—a city that has twice taken the mantle of becoming a movie production capital. From the silent era to today's Hollywood South, Vicki Mayer explains that the aura of a film economy is inseparable from a prevailing sense of home, even as it changes that place irrevocably. "A scathing critique of the economic realities and broken promises of Hollywood South, told in rich ethnographic detail and passionately argued through Vicki Mayer's deep connection to New Orleans. This is a vital book." NITIN GOVIL, author of Orienting Hollywood: A Century of Film Culture between Los Angeles and Bombay "Mayer guides readers through the numbers and arguments behind Louisiana's costly love affair with the film industry and raises important questions over whether the state's citizens are getting their money's worth." STEPHANIE GRACE, columnist, The New Orleans Advocate "A visionary in the study of cultural labor, economy, and geography, Mayer is that rare writer who combines exquisite storytelling with rigorous scholarship. This is an essential contribution to film and media studies, and an urgent history lesson for policy makers." MELISSA GREGG, author of Work's Intimacy VICKI MAYER is Professor of Communication at Tulane University. She is coeditor of the journal Television & New Media and author or editor of several books and journal articles about media production, creative industries, and cultural work.


Black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus spp.) in the 'biodiversity hotspot' of south-west Western Australia are in decline, due to multiple threatening processes that include habitat loss, poaching, competition with other species, vehicle strikes and shootings. The combined efforts of the Perth Zoo Veterinary Department (PZVD) and the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) have led to a specialised rehabilitation program centred upon the return of injured and debilitated black cockatoos to the wild. This PhD project focused on improving the efficacy of this program and expanding the current knowledge of the health status and biology of black cockatoos.

The medical records of 565 black cockatoos that were admitted to the PZVD from 2000 to 2009 were analysed to determine the effect of the birds' clinical presentation on survival. Anaemia, superficial and deep soft tissue injuries, fractures, paralysis or paresis and abnormal faecal cytology were identified as significant factors when determining the likelihood of survival of cockatoos undergoing the rehabilitation process. In addition, data on the life histories and origin of admitted cockatoos, post-mortem examination results and post-release information is presented. Haematologic and serum biochemical reference values are also presented for the three species of black cockatoos that are regularly admitted to the PZVD.

The significance of Chlamydia psittaci infection to the black cockatoo rehabilitation program was investigated. No wild birds admitted to the PZVD were found to be positive for C. psittaci infection, which suggests that this infection either is not present in wild populations, or has a low prevalence. However, the study found that black cockatoos undergoing rehabilitation are at risk of contracting the disease during their stay in captivity through contact with infected birds. These results highlight the importance of disease surveillance to the management of an avian rehabilitation program.

The thesis includes the results of an aviary trial to investigate methods of attaching transmitters to black cockatoos. Mean retention times for the transmitter packages ranged from 44 to 384 days. These results support the potential feasibility of using transmitters on cockatoos post-release, with sufficient retention times to allow for the collection of valuable movement and survival data.

Among the gaps in current knowledge of wild black cockatoos, perhaps the most concerning is that regarding the age structure of wild populations. The thesis encompasses a study that established an aging tool for black cockatoos, based on pentosidine analysis from the skin of 53 black cockatoos of known age. The result is a vital first step towards understanding the population dynamics of wild black cockatoos, and will help provide further information about the life histories of cockatoos admitted to the PZVD following injury or debilitation.


The nature and shape of the modern power grid is evolving as it is becoming more intelligent, flexible and more reliable. The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources is increasing the complexity of the modern power distribution networks and is posing new challenges in terms of system monitoring and control. State estimation is one of the most critical component of energy management systems employed in monitoring and control centres of transmission systems. Although state estimation algorithms are well developed for transmission networks and have been in operation for the last few decades, in distribution networks these tools are likely to face more challenges comparatively such as network observability due to lack of underlying metering network and frequently changing network topology. Therefore, this dissertation presents novel distribution system state estimation (DSSE) algorithm that incorporates eventdriven topology processor in the presence of topological switching, integrates Artificial Neural-Network based forecasting model into SE formulation which solves the network observability problem, and finally evaluates different classes of static and dynamic estimators for distribution systems and proposes unscented Kalman filter based robust state estimator. Topology processing is an important function of state estimator that determines the operational network configuration prior to carrying out the estimation process. This is very crucial because wrong topology information can result in wrong state estimates which in turn will lead to generation of wrong control sequence. The dissertation presents an event-driven topology processor implementation for electric distribution system. This implementation includes detection of change in system configuration (or topology) of distribution system followed by identification of correct topology out of many critical configurations stored in a model bank. Due to lack of metering infrastructure at the distribution level, this algorithm works with less available real-system measurements. This algorithm is validated for IEEE 6 bus, IEEE 14 bus and a practical Medium Voltage Danish Electrical Distribution network and the results are presented in Chapter 3 of this dissertation. Network observability is second important function that need to be carried out before the execution of DSSE algorithm. Due to lacking metering infrastructure at the distribution system level there are very few or no real-time system measurements, which are insufficient for making the distribution networks observable. In order to come up with system state estimate, it is required that network be observable, which means that state estimation should be able to converge to a unique solution. In this dissertation, network observability of electric distribution networks is solved by using load estimation. An ANN-based state estimation technique is proposed to achieve network observability in distribution systems. This algorithm uses demand forecasted load data for estimating system state and generating the load estimates (or pseudo measurements). The algorithm is validated for IEEE test networks and a real-life medium voltage distribution network for diverse operating conditions, and its effectiveness is justified. Information from topology processor and observability analyzer is used by the SE algorithm for determining the system state. The literature contains different classes of estimator (static and dynamic) applied to the power systems especially distribution systems. This dissertation involves evaluation of both static and dynamic state estimators such as Weighted Least Squares (WLS), extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for distribution systems. An improvement in the conventional UKF algorithm, namely IUKF, is proposed and validated for distribution systems for cases of high measurement noise. In order to show its effectiveness, it is compared with the conventional UKF under different noise scenarios, and it is shown that IUKF outperforms UKF. IUKF is also compared with other estimators (WLS, EKF). Various statistical performance metrics such as Maximum-absolute-deviation (MAD), Maximum-absolute-percent error (MAPE), Root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and overall-performance-index (J), are used to quantify the comparative analysis under various measurement noise scenarios. The existing and the proposed IUKF algorithms are validated for IEEE test distribution networks such as IEEE 30, 33 and 69 bus systems.


Coarse-grained (CG) models of biomolecules have recently attracted considerable interest because they enable the simulation of complex biological systems on length-scales and timescales that are inaccessible for atomistic molecular dynamics simulation. A CG model is defined by a map that transforms an atomically detailed configuration into a CG configuration. For CG models of relatively small biomolecules or in cases that the CG and all-atom models have similar resolution, the construction of this map is relatively straightforward and can be guided by chemical intuition. However, it is more challenging to construct a CG map when large and complex domains of biomolecules have to be represented by relatively few CG sites. This work introduces a new and systematic methodology called essential dynamics coarse-graining (ED-CG). This approach constructs a CG map of the primary sequence at a chosen resolution for an arbitrarily complex biomolecule. In particular, the resulting ED-CG method variationally determines the CG sites that reflect the essential dynamics characterized by principal component analysis of an atomistic molecular dynamics trajectory. Numerical calculations illustrate this approach for the HIV-1 CA protein dimer and ATP-bound G-actin. Importantly, since the CG sites are constructed from the primary sequence of the biomolecule, the resulting ED-CG model may be better suited to appropriately explore protein conformational space than those from other CG methods at the same degree of resolution.


Given how "context, audience, and identity intersect is one of the central challenges people face in learning how to navigate social media" (boyd, 2014, p. 30), the purpose of this study was to understand how six freshmen student athletes on a high profile team (men's basketball) from a major Midwestern university used Twitter to interact with their team members, university students, and fans of their respective sport. As these six student athletes on a high profile team made the transition from high school and underwent their freshmen year they took on new roles and identifies, such as a representative of a university, beyond that of their non-athlete peers. At the beginning of the study, only one participant entered the university as a high profile student athlete, two others became high profile during the course of their freshman year, and the remaining three remained student athletes on a high profile team. Because of the high number of student athletes who used Twitter during this time of transition, it is important for universities to pay heed, due to the amount of attention these student athletes garner. The study followed the six student athletes' use of Twitter, which was the student's social media of choice, from the time they became a university student (i.e. their arrival on campus) through the fall of their freshmen semester and until the end of the spring semester. The subjects were interviewed about their Twitter use to try to understand their expressed reasons for how they used Twitter, whom they interacted with, how they viewed themselves on Twitter, and how they perceived their audience. The final component of the study was an analysis of their tweets to try to identify themes. The study attempted to understand the Twitter experience for high profile student athletes, using qualitative methods. This study looked at what their use of Twitter suggested about how they negotiated their various roles with their followers on Twitter.


Language is the most immediate tool of inclusion into a social group and as such is central in creating, understanding and participating in the group. Language policy can serve, establish and organise such groups, and to assure that they are maintained and implemented for posterity. Language policy in education is imperative for a group to build and maintain its past, present and future. This paper discusses the formulation of a language policy in the Jewish Educational Network of Mexico City, following its daily management. More specifically, this paper will address: (1) the discrepancies between the minority's language policy and ideologies and its reality; (2) the status of Hebrew as a burden or a benefit in pacesetting language education in this community; and (3) the outcomes of implementation of a language policy 'by proxy' (i.e. a policy created elsewhere to be carried out locally).


In an era before affordable travel, National Geographic not only served as the first glimpse of countless other worlds for its readers, but it helped them confront sweeping historical change. There was a time when its cover, with the unmistakable yellow frame, seemed to be on every coffee table, in every waiting room. In American Iconographic, Stephanie L. Hawkins traces American Geographic 's rise to cultural prominence, from its first publication of nude photographs in 1896 to the 1950s, when the magazine's trademark visual and textual motifs found their way into cartoon caricature, popular novels, and film trading on the "romance" of the magazine's distinctive visual fare. National Geographic transformed local color into global culture through its production and circulation of readily identifiable cultural icons. The adventurer-photographer, the exotic woman of color, and the intrepid explorer were part of the magazine's "institutional aesthetic," a visual and textual repertoire that drew upon popular nineteenth-century literary and cultural traditions. This aesthetic encouraged readers to identify themselves as members not only in an elite society but, paradoxically, as both Americans and global citizens. More than a window on the world, National Geographic presented a window on American cultural attitudes and drew forth a variety of complex responses to social and historical changes brought about by immigration, the Great Depression, and world war. Drawing on the National Geographic Society's archive of readers' letters and its founders' correspondence, Hawkins reveals how the magazine's participation in the "culture industry" was not so straightforward as scholars have assumed. Letters from the magazine's earliest readers offer an important intervention in this narrative of passive spectatorship, revealing how readers resisted and revised National Geographic's authority. Its photographs and articles celebrated American self-reliance and imperialist expansion abroad, but its readers were highly aware of these representational strategies, and alert to inconsistencies between the magazine's editorial vision and its photographs and text. Hawkins also illustrates how the magazine actually encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with those beyond the nation's borders. Chapters devoted to the magazine's practice of photographing its photographers on assignment and to its genre of husband-wife adventurers reveal a more enlightened National Geographic invested in a cosmopolitan vision of a global human family. A fascinating narrative of how a cultural institution can influence and embody public attitudes, this book is the definitive account of an iconic magazine's unique place in the American imagination.


Biodiversity study on Puntius has been conducted in West Sumatera using a molecular technique. From the genetic analysis using the sequence of CO1 gene, the study discovered: (1) A new record species of Puntius in Diatas Lake, Batang Lembang, Batang Gumanti, Muara Pingai rivers (located in the eastern part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes binotatus banksi or B. banksi. (2). A new record of subspecies in Maninjau Lake and its tributary (located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes banksi maninjau. (3) A new record of subspecies in Batang Kuranji, Batang Katik, Batang Tarok and Lubuk Paraku rivers (located in the western part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range) which is Barbodes banksi kuranji. The results of this study add the evidence that the presence of Bukit Barisan mountain range in Sumatra Island contributed to genetic diversity, evolutionary process and speciation mechanism of freshwater fish in Sumatra. It is important to pay attention to the development of district or area in Sumatra.


Over the past 15 years, the use of modern molecular biological approaches has radically advanced our understanding of nitrification processes. With chapters contributed by leading experts in the field, Nitrification fully reviews all the latest research findings on microbes involved in conventional aerobic nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and related processes. The book begins with an overview of the current state of the field. Next, the four principal groups of nitrifying microbes are examined in separate sections, covering conventional aerobic bacterial ammonia oxidizers, recently discovered aerobic archaeal ammonia oxidizers, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing planctomycetes, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Within each section, readers can gather current information on the ecology, phylogeny, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genomics of each group of microbes. The authors also discuss the latest industrial applications of nitrification and anammox processes. The final section of the book explores the ecology of nitrification in marine, freshwater, soil, and wastewater environments. By reviewing all aspects of nitrification in one place, Nitrification introduces novices to the field and brings experienced researchers up to date with all the latest perspectives. Extensive references at the end of each chapter guide readers to the field's growing body of primary research, making this book the ideal starting point for any investigation of nitrifying microbes.


Observations (1978-1991) of distributions of pelagic juvenile Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) show that up to 1/3 of the year class are dispersed off the continental shelf and into the deep Norwegian Sea while on the way from the spring-spawning areas along the Norwegian coast to the autumn-settlement areas in the Barents Sea. The fate of this variable fraction of pelagic juveniles off-shelf has been an open question ever since Johan Hjort's (1914) seminal work. We have examined both the mechanisms causing offspring off-shelf transport, and their subsequent destiny using an individual-based biophysical model applied to quantify growth and dispersal. Our results show, consistently with the observations, that total off-shelf transport is highly variable between years and may be up to 27.4 %. Offspring from spawning grounds around Lofoten have a higher chance of being displaced off the shelf. The off-shelf transport is dominated by episodic events where frequencies and dates vary between years. Northeasterly wind conditions over a 3-7-day period prior to the off-shelf events are a good proxy for dispersal of offspring off the shelf. Offspring transported into the open ocean are on average carried along three following routes: back onto the adjacent eastern shelves and into the Barents Sea (36.9 %), recirculating within the Lofoten Basin (60.7 %), or drifting northwest to the northeast Greenland shelf (2.4 %). For the latter fraction the transport may exceed 12 % depending on year. Recent investigations have discovered distributions of young cod on the northeast Greenland shelf indicating that conditions may support survival for NEA cod offspring.


RECENTLY, WE POINTED OUT THAT A SMALL number of individuals fail to acquire basic musical abilities, and that these deficiencies might have neuronal and genetic underpinnings. Such a musical disorder is now termed "congenital amusia," an umbrella term for lifelong musical disabilities that cannot be attributed to mental retardation, deafness, or lack of exposure. Congenital amusia is a condition that is estimated to affect 4% of the general population. Despite this relatively high prevalence, cases of congenital amusia have been difficult to identify. We present here a novel on-line test that can be used to identify such cases in 15 minutes, provided that the cohort of the participant is taken into account. The results also confirm that congenital amusia is typically expressed by a deficit in perceiving musical pitch but not musical time.


The raw water source of drinking water in most areas in the Philippines is typically river water and in some cases groundwater. These sources are prone to elevated levels of metals and metalloids that may cause exposure of the general population when the treatment of the water is inadequate. This work presents a method optimized for the determination of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in drinking water using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as the element-selective detector. This was applied in the determination of these elements in the water supply in Metro Manila, Philippines. The method detection limits were 0.095 μg L -1 , 0.043 μg L -1 , and 0.114 μg L -1 for total As, Cd and Pb, respectively. The method was validated using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1643e certified reference material for trace elements in water and determined values were 60.4 ± 0.5 μg L -1 , 6.7 ± 0.1 μg L -1 , and 19.6 ± 0.5 μg L -1 for As, Cd and Pb, respectively. These determined values were in good agreement with the certified values in the reference material. Analysis of actual drinking water samples showed that most samples did not exceed the limit of the Philippine drinking water standard for the elements.


The upward-ratcheting of patent protection through trade agreements has generated significant concerns about potential effects on prices of drugs and access to medicines in developing countries. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) included even more extensive pharmaceutical patent provisions than any before. While President Trump withdrew the US as a signatory to the TPP, the potential for new trade agreements to raise the same set of concerns generated by the TPP remains high. Previous work assessing the TPP argued that new data on pharmaceutical expenditures (and other measures) from countries with recent trade agreements with the U.S. indicated that concerns about pharmaceutical patent protection and drug prices are overblown and it may be time to move on from these debates. Here we argue that the analysis supporting these claims is misleading because it fails to look at the right drugs at the right points in time, overlooks the temporal dimensions of implementation of provisions in previous trade agreements, and ignores the broader context in which trade agreements are negotiated and implemented. Much more empirical work is needed to understand the impact of previous trade agreements, and the effects of stronger patent protections in developing countries on innovation, access, and prices. Some of the crucial analyses may not be possible until the provisions in the agreements take full effect, which could take some time especially in developing countries where patenting is relatively new.


Health care payment and delivery models that challenge providers to be accountable for outcomes have fueled interest in community-level partnerships that address the behavioral, social, and economic determinants of health. We describe how Hennepin Health--a county-based safety-net accountable care organization in Minnesota--has forged such a partnership to redesign the health care workforce and improve the coordination of the physical, behavioral, social, and economic dimensions of care for an expanded community of Medicaid beneficiaries. Early outcomes suggest that the program has had an impact in shifting care from hospitals to outpatient settings. For example, emergency department visits decreased 9.1 percent between 2012 and 2013, while outpatient visits increased 3.3 percent. An increasing percentage of patients have received diabetes, vascular, and asthma care at optimal levels. At the same time, Hennepin Health has realized savings and reinvested them in future improvements. Hennepin Health offers lessons for counties, states, and public hospitals grappling with the problem of how to make the best use of public funds in serving expanded Medicaid populations and other communities with high needs.


This classic work is an enquiry into the cause of industrial depressions and the persistence of poverty amid advancing wealth. Published in 1879, it was admired and advocated by great minds such as Albert Einstein, Winston Churchill, Leo Tolstoy and Sun Yat-sen in China. Henry George lived through a period of American history which witnessed the closing of the frontier, and he noticed the dramatic deterioration in the condition of labour once that happened. While land was freely available wages were high, once it was enclosed wages fell. Adam Smith appears not to have appreciated the full consequences of this, but he was writing before their full horror became evident in the form of landless peasants crowding into city slums, seeking work in "satanic mills" at minimum wages. Henry George, observing similar events in America (he was a journalist), saw the connection between land enclosure and poverty and unemployment. He also realized that the harmful effects could be rectified, without confiscating the land, through a change in the tax system and allowing market forces to work. This classic offers an alternative ethical and practical guide at a time when the collapse of the Marxist/Socialist experiment and the deep recession in the West leave many seeking fresh inspiration.


In this study, we propose a new forecasting method of a financial time series based on Deep Belief Network (DBN) by enhancing the approach of the Chao et al. First, a new topology for a regression training is proposed. Second, we forecast a Nikkei Stock Average renewing a training term. Third, Self-Organized-Map (SOM) is introduced for reducing the computational time in DBN. It is shown by some experiments that some improved performance indexes can be obtained, and reduction of the computation time is achieved.


Noncompliance with medication therapy and mental health care is prevalent among the mentally ill. Its multifactorial dynamics can include aspects of the illness itself, such as anosognosia. Noncompliance with medication can increase risk of violent or other criminal behavior, but the law currently does not recognize it as a factor in determining culpability. The legal test of insanity that focuses on a "defect of reason from disease of the mind" presumes that the disease was not self-induced. Noncompliance with medication and voluntary intoxication can both be seen as self-induced incapacities, but their adjudication is often quite different. A psychotic condition may be the basis of an excuse, whereas simple intoxication is not. The distinction is not only the obvious one of acts of omission (medication noncompliance) and acts of commission (voluntary intoxication). There are other complicating factors, such as the knowledge of the effects of noncompliance, the mental state prior to the noncompliance, and the presence of any conditions that would excuse or justify it. These and other considerations render the assignment of criminal responsibility for the noncompliant psychiatric offender complex. A possible solution to this would be the application of therapeutic jurisprudence to the noncompliant mentally ill offender.


We study steady state and business cycle properties of a model with heterogeneous firms and on-the-job search in the spirit of Moscarini and Postel-Vinay (2012). We extend the setup by including capital in the production function and show how this change influences model properties. The model is solved using a novel numerical method, projection within perturbation, which uses Chebyshev polynomial approximation and Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature for dealing with heterogeneity. We analyze worker flows between firms, distribution of firm size and wages, and study how productivity and other shocks affect them. When we introduce a working capital channel into the model we find that costly borrowing that finances firms' wage and vacancy bill shifts the distribution of firms to the right.


Failure of reconstructions as a result of infective or aseptic loosening and massive bone loss may make amputation necessary. If neurovascular structures can be preserved to keep a functional foot, rotationplasty may be considered an option. Four patients treated for malignant bone tumours (two osteosarcomas, one Ewing sarcoma, and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma) of the proximal tibia and distal femur (n=2 each) at the ages of 13 to 21 years had reconstructions that failed 3, 4, 5, and 15 years later. In three patients the cause was intractable infection, and in one loosening with shortening and deficiency of the extensor mechanism. The patients had the option to contact patients who had had rotationplasty as the primary procedure for tumours or severe femoral deficiencies. In two patients an AI-type rotationplasty was done, in one a type AII rotationplasty, and in the fourth a modification with shortening of the lower leg but retention of the knee joint. There were no postoperative complications such as persisting infections, fractures, or pseudarthrosis. All patients are active and are able to go alpine skiing or snowboarding. The main advantage of procedures in which a sensory-motor functional foot is retained is to avoid neuroma pain or phantom sensations. The foot allows for active knee movement of the orthoprosthesis and full weight bearing. It is of great psychological help for the patients to have contact during the decision-making with patients who have had similar procedures. It should be considered as an alternative to amputation.


We introduce the concept of the double-cavity Raman fiber laser (DC-RFL) with three Bragg gratings at the laser wavelength. In such RFLs, the threshold pump power and the conversion efficiency at large pump powers can be designed independently of each other, whereas in ordinary single-cavity RFLs these two optimization criteria collide. The particular behavior of DC-RFLs is interpreted, and a simple technique for the numerical simulation and an analytical relation for the threshold pump power of these devices are presented.


The crustal structure and topography of the Moho boundary beneath the Atlas Mountains of Morocco has been constrained by a controlled source, wide‐angle seismic reflection transect: the SIMA experiment. This paper presents the first results of this project, consisting of an almost 700 km long, high‐resolution seismic profile acquired from the Sahara craton across the High and the Middle Atlas and the Rif Mountains. The interpretation of this seismic data set is based on forward modeling by raytracing, and has resulted in a detailed crustal structure and velocity model for the Atlas Mountains. Results indicate that the High Atlas features a moderate crustal thickness, with the Moho located at a minimum depth of 35 km to the S and at around 31 km to the N, in the Middle Atlas. Upper crustal shortening is resolved at depth through a crustal root where the Saharan crust underthrusts the northern Moroccan crust. This feature defines a lower crust imbrication that, locally, places the Moho boundary at ∼40–41 km depth in the northern part of the High Atlas. The P‐wave velocity model is characterized by relatively low velocities, mostly in the lower crust and upper mantle, when compared to other active orogens and continental regions. These low deep crustal velocities together with other geophysical observables such as conductivity estimates derived from MT measurements, moderate Bouguer gravity anomaly, high heat flow, and surface exposures of recent alkaline volcanism lead to a model where partial melts are currently emplaced at deep crustal levels and in the upper mantle. The resulting model supports the existence of a mantle upwelling as mechanism that would contribute significantly to sustain the High Atlas topography. However, the detailed Moho geometry deduced in this work should lead to a revision of the exact geometry and position of this mantle feature and will require new modeling efforts.


Saving energy and protecting the environment became fundamental for society and politics, why several laws were enacted to increase the energye ciency. Furthermore, the growing number of vehicles and drivers leaded to more accidents and fatalities on the roads, why road safety became an important factor as well. Due to the increasing importance of energye ciency and safety, car manufacturers started to optimise the vehicle in terms of energy-e ciency and safety. However, energy-e ciency and road safety can be also increased by adapting the driving behaviour to the given driving situation. This thesis presents a concept of an adaptive and rule based driving system that tries to educate the driver in energy-e cient and safe driving by showing recommendations on time. Unlike existing driving systems, the presented driving system considers energy-e ciency and safety relevant driving rules, the individual driving behaviour and the driver condition. This allows to avoid the distraction of the driver and to increase the acceptance of the driving system, while improving the driving behaviour in terms of energy-e ciency and safety. A prototype of the driving system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation was done on a driving simulator using 42 test drivers, who tested the e_ect of the driving system on the driving behaviour and the e_ect of the adaptiveness of the driving system on the user acceptance. It has been proven during the evaluation that the energy-e ciency and safety can be increased, when the driving system was used. Furthermore, it has been proven that the user acceptance of the driving system increases when the adaptive feature was turned on. A high user acceptance of the driving system allows a steady usage of the driving system and, thus, a steady improvement of the driving behaviour in terms of energy-e ciency and safety.


Three British Antarctic Survey staff have been honoured with the Polar Medal. The Queen approved the awards for outstanding achievement and service to the United Kingdom in the field of polar research.

Congratulations to Steve Colwell (Meteorologist), John Withers (Dive Officer and Base Commander) and Simon Garrod (Field Assistant and Interim Operations Manager) on this prestigious award.

Steve Colwell joined BAS in 1990 and wintered at Halley Research Station in 1991/92. He has been back to Halley for five further summers and has also spent three summer seasons at Rothera Research Station.

John Withers joined BAS in 2002 and spent several seasons at Rothera Research Station as Dive Officer, also wintering at both Rothera and Halley. He became Base Commander at Bird Island Research Station, Halley and then Rothera for the last few years. John has now left BAS.

Simon Garrod has been involved with BAS for almost 15 years, primarily as a Field Assistant (currently working with the iSTAR project) and more recently, ably covering the Field Operations Manager role at Rothera Research Station when required.


Understanding the effects of health decentralization policies in Brazil requires different methodological approaches to capture the issue's complexity from distinct angles. Five case studies were thus performed to evaluate the degree of implementation of components related to decentralization of the health system management in selected municipalities (counties) in Bahia State, Brazil. A logical model was elaborated with definitions related to policy goals. A comparative study of the five municipalities, considered "exemplary cases", showed that decentralization alone does not explain the organizational changes in the municipal health systems. Local government characteristics such as the municipal master plan, governing capacity, and governance proved important for heath care changes. The main problems and insufficiencies were found in the system's management and quality of healthcare delivered to the population. The authors discuss their findings and identify critical areas for future interventions with special emphasis on the institutionalization of planning and evaluation and the development of inter-sector projects.


We introduce and experimentally demonstrate an optofluidics-based refractometer structure arranged in a simple free-space Young interferometer design. Our key idea is based on the use of a very simple microfluidic chip structure that consists of one or two flow channels arranged in parallel. We then pass the optical beam through the flow channels of the microfluidic chip. Behind the flow channels, there are two small apertures where the incident optical beam is automatically divided into two optical beams. These two optical beams are propagating in free space for a desired distance before they interfere with each other at the observation plane. Key features include simplicity in design, ease of implementation, and robustness. In the experimental demonstration, we use a 655-nm wavelength laser diode; the free-space propagation distance is 57.5 cm. The two-channel microfluidic chip has a 900-μm channel spacing, a 100-μm channel width, and a 100-μm channel depth (i.e., d/L = 9). Results indicate a sensitivity of 1.34 × 10-4 RIU in measuring the refractive index of the sucrose solution which clearly agrees with the theoretical analysis. A higher sensitivity of 6.19 × 10-6 RIU is also accomplished when the single-channel microfluidic chip with a measured d/L ratio of 0.52 is combined with an optical mask having a 600- μm channel spacing.


The d(p,2p)n reaction has been studied using the re¬ cently constructed angular correlation chamber at Rice University. The two protons from the reaction have been observed for incident proton energies of 5.0, 9.0, and 10.5 MeV using the two Rice University Van de Graaff ac¬ celerators. Kinematic calculations were made to determine the shape of the curve describing allowed solutions in terms of the energy of one of the detected protons versus that of the other. Observed experimental curves of the same form have been presented along with the calculated ex¬ citation energies of the 3 possible intermediate configura¬ tions if the reaction were to proceed via sequential 2-body decay. Evidence of sequential 2-body decay to a low excited state of the n-p system is observed at particular angles for 9.0 and 10.5 MeV bombarding energies. Similar decay is not observed at 5.0 MeV, but this effect is likely due to ex¬ perimental difficulties in observing the appropriate region of the energy curves at this energy. The data at all three bombarding energies and for many angles show evenly popu¬ lated distributions, indicating for these cases either g simultaneous 3-body decay of the He configuration or se¬ quential 2-body decay through quite broad intermediate states.


In plants, the auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors play important roles in regulating diverse biological processes, including development, growth, cell division and responses to environmental stimuli. An exhaustive search of soybean genome revealed 51 GmARFs, many of which were formed by genome duplications. The typical GmARFs (43 members) contain a DNA-binding domain, an ARF domain and an auxin/indole acetic acid (AUX/IAA) dimerization domain, whereas the remaining eight members lack the dimerization domain. Phylogenetic analysis of the ARFs from soybean and Arabidopsis revealed both similarity and divergence between the two ARF families, as well as enabled us to predict the functions of the GmARFs. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and available soybean Affymetrix array and Illumina transcriptome sequence data, a comprehensive expression atlas of GmARF genes was obtained in various organs and tissues, providing useful information about their involvement in defining the precise nature of individual tissues. Furthermore, expression profiling using qRT-PCR and microarray data revealed many water stress-responsive GmARFs in soybean, albeit with different patterns depending on types of tissues and/or developmental stages. Our systematic analysis has identified excellent tissue-specific and/or stress-responsive candidate GmARF genes for in-depth in planta functional analyses, which would lead to potential applications in the development of genetically modified soybean cultivars with enhanced drought tolerance.


Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is an important quality measure given that it represents a potentially preventable adverse outcome. Approximately, 20% of Medicare beneficiaries are readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Many strategies such as the hospital readmission reduction program have been proposed and implemented to reduce readmission rates. Prior research has shown that coordination of care could play a significant role in lowering readmissions. Although having a hospital-based skilled nursing facility (HBSNF) in a hospital could help in improving care for patients needing short-term skilled nursing or rehabilitation services, little is known about HBSNFs' association with hospitals' readmission rates. This study seeks to examine the association between HBSNFs and hospitals' readmission rates. Data sources included 2007-2012 American Hospital Association Annual Survey, Area Health Resources Files, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare cost reports, and CMS Hospital Compare. The dependent variables were 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure, and pneumonia. The independent variable was the presence of HBSNF in a hospital (1 = yes, 0 = no). Control variables included organizational and market factors that could affect hospitals' readmission rates. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with state and year fixed effects and standard errors corrected for clustering of hospitals over time. Propensity score weights were used to control for potential selection bias of hospitals having a skilled nursing facility (SNF). GEE models showed that the presence of HBSNFs was associated with lower readmission rates for AMI and pneumonia. Moreover, higher SNFs to hospitals ratio in the county were associated with lower readmission rates. These findings can inform policy makers and hospital administrators in evaluating HBSNFs as a potential strategy to lower hospitals' readmission rates.


Weblogs are a difficult source to archive. This is because they are a dynamic source with a very fluid nature; they are rich in references to other sources; and they have intricate internal structures with, in most cases, large archives. If a weblog is not archived all in one go, the website can become fragmented and problematic for researchers: elements might be missing or have been replaced by sections from other versions of the archived (or even online) weblog. It is up to Dutch archives to ensure that a weblog in its entire context is archived as completely as possible, within the bounds of Dutch law. At the same time, it is up to researchers to develop good source criticism and be aware of the problems involved in working with an archived weblog and the ephemeral nature of the internet. For those who rise to these challenges, weblogs offer fantastic opportunities for different types of studies, from close reading to distant reading, and even source code research.


Succession effectiveness in family wineries is considered critical for the incumbents and the owning families looking forward to assure winery success and trans-generational continuity, as this endeavour requires substantial commitment, social skills, financial health, and idiosyncratic considerations that are more often than not unstable. Therefore, this thesis provides a platform of critical reflection and theoretical development upon the findings of a doctoral research on the topic of effective succession in family wineries for bringing further and closer theory and professional practice.
Systematic literature review of the best available sources of knowledge served as a starting point. It was shown that there is a plethora of academic research on effective family business succession that makes available useful insights into this important process. The review has identified the major theories, models, and frameworks, and provided information on different factors and variables that are believed appropriate to foster succession process further. However, the review findings are often fragmented and subjective which makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions that can be representative for family wineries. Moreover, the review revealed certain gaps and uncertainties in the research that this thesis has aimed to bridge, and allowed the development of a preliminary conceptual framework (version one) with the testable research hypotheses.
A primary research that followed in the organizational context of Cypriot family wineries made use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, at a greater and lesser extent, respectively. These approaches were put forward based on the researcher's ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions. The numeric data were largely generated from a self-completed questionnaire survey that was comprehensive with an open aspect. The questionnaire was mailed to the entire population of fifty-four family wineries inclusive with hundred participants. The statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS software. Pearson correlation analysis was the foremost statistical device used in the direction of establishment significant relationships among different succession factors. In order to enrich the meaning of statistical analysis with wine-specific insights, the researcher made further use of illustrative evidence collected from the survey open aspect.


Despite extensive research, we still do not fully understand the biological mechanisms that underlie a female's increased susceptibility for suffering a noncontact ACL injury. While sex differences in neuromuscular control are often implicated, prevention efforts addressing these differences have not resulted in a profound or sustainable reduction in injury rates. This paper will explore two likely scenarios that explain this greater susceptibility in females: (1) females have a structurally weaker ligament that is more prone or susceptible to failure at a given load (scenario #1), or (2) females develop less knee protection and experiences higher relative loads on the ACL (scenario #2). While we have learned much over the last two decades about ACL injury risk in females, much remains unknown. Continued research is of paramount importance if we are to effectively identify those females who are at greatest risk for injury and effectively reduce their susceptibility through appropriate interventions.


We propose and analyze a block coordinate descent proximal algorithm (BCD-prox) for simultaneous filtering and parameter estimation of ODE models. As we show on ODE systems with up to d=40 dimensions, as compared to state-of-the-art methods, BCD-prox exhibits increased robustness (to noise, parameter initialization, and hyperparameters), decreased training times, and improved accuracy of both filtered states and estimated parameters. We show how BCD-prox can be used with multistep numerical discretizations, and we establish convergence of BCD-prox under hypotheses that include real systems of interest.


Small unoccupied aerial systems (sUASs) are increasingly applied to study hydrologic processes and water quality. Here, we evaluate a novel application of sUAS to stream turbidity monitoring, with the goal of extending analyses implemented with satellite remote sensing to enable high resolution, rapid collection of turbidity imagery along smaller waterbodies. To accomplish this, we collected multispectral imagery using two sUAS platforms under a range of environmental conditions along a local creek in Syracuse, NY. In addition, we collected in situ turbidity observations immediately after each flight along several transects along the creek, as well as within a clear plume created by a natural spring entering the main channel of the creek. The in situ turbidity values were compared with the mean and standard deviation of several single‐band and multiband indices extracted along similar transects from the sUAS flights. On the basis of data collected across several flights, we found optical metrics obtained from multispectral imagery correlated well with in situ turbidity measurements. Though many optical metrics yielded strong relationships considering only values within the main channel, values associated with the red band were strongly related to turbidity estimates from the main channel as well as lower turbidity values observed in the spring plume. Although there are still limitations of this approach associated with variable field conditions, results from this proof of concept analysis show that sUASs offer a promising avenue for cost‐effective turbidity monitoring.


Origin of Name The grahamite deposit of Ritchie county, West Virginia, was first de‐ scribed by Professor J. P. Lesley in a paper read before the American Philosophical Society March 20, 1863. The name (in honor of the Messrs Graham, who were largely interested in the mine) was given the mineral by Mr Henry Wurtz, the chemist, of New York city, who in 1865 published a "Report upon a mineral formation in West Virginia" for the Ritchie Mineral Resin and Oil Company of Baltimore, a corporation owning and operating the mine for the manufacture of illuminating gas and mineral oil. In a paper dated October 14, 1873, and published in volume vi, second series, of the American Journal of Science, Professor William M. Fontaine gives a very full description of the mineral and its geological surroundings, and as this was only a few months before the mine was closed and . . .


To the Editor: It took 3 continents and 11 years post-qualification for me to realise that Western medicine's approach to improving health care in Africa may be flawed. The realisation occurred as a result of reading Belfrage's experiences of working within the Aborigine community in terra nullius (Australia's vast inhabited interior) and seeing how, as a doctor of European descent, she and her culture, and the local Aborigines (Alyawarr) and their culture, perceived the world in fundamentally different ways.


Context: There is no straightforward method for estimating cinacalcet HCl in biological materials such as serum exists. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop a simple quality by design (QbD) enabled reverse phase-Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) model for analyzing cinacalcet HCl in serum. Aim: The current study envisages the development and validation of an isocratic simple, precise, and rapid QbD enabled RP-UFLC method for the quantification of cinacalcet HCl in both solution form and blood samples. Subjects and Methods: The optimum conditions were outlined, selecting three influential factors (CMPs) i.e., mobile phase composition, flow rate, and injection volume. Systematic optimization was performed by 32-Box Benkhen experimental design using response surface methodology. The selected variables are further assessed for observed responses Critical Analytical attributes, i.e., peak area, retention time (Rt), USP Plate count. The optimized method used a chromatographic C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm i.d) column with mobile phase (acetonitrile and Tetrabutyl Ammonium Hydrogen Sulphate [TBSH]) in the ratio of 1:1, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV at λmax 223 nm. The developed method was found to be specific for cinacalcet HCl, enduring no interference of peaks with an overall analytical Rt of 4.3 min. Results: The Accuracy reported as % recovery was found to be 96.83%–101.32% and 95.18%–102.49% respectively. Inter-day precision (reproducibility) and intra-day precision (repeatability) were found to be 0.22–1.19 standard deviation (SD) and 0.14–2.12 SD respectively. The calibration curve was found to be linear with a regression equation Y = 195.8x + 21852, with R2 0.999 over a concentration range from 100 to 100,000 ng/mL. Conclusion: The required detection and quantitation limits (Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation) values were obtained within the acceptance limit based on S/N ratio which indicates the method was sensitive and rapidity of the method. Further, the developed QbD enabled UFLC method was approved and effectively entreated the blood tests to study the pharmacokinetic parameters which indicate a robust, accurate cost-effective method intended for quality control tool for routine systematic analysis in research labs.


Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent growth inhibitor of a variety of epithelial cell types. The primary signaling mechanism involved in mediating this and other cellular effects of TGF-beta is still unknown. We report here that both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 resulted in a rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p44mapk, occurring within 5-10 min of growth factor addition. This effect occurred in exponentially proliferating cultures of intestinal epithelial (IEC) 4-1 cells under conditions in which DNA synthesis was inhibited by 95% to 98%. Furthermore, TGF-beta 2 induced a sustained activation of p44mapk under these conditions, lasting for at least 90 min after initial growth factor treatment. Another TGF-beta-sensitive epithelial cell line (CCL 64) displayed a similar rapid increase in p44mapk activity when treated with TGF-beta 1. In contrast, in IEC 4-6 cells that are resistant to TGF-beta effects on growth and DNA synthesis, TGF-beta 2 treatment did not result in an activation of p44mapk. In contrast to the results in proliferating cultures, treatment of quiescent cultures of IEC 4-1 cells with TGF-beta 2 resulted in no significant change in either DNA synthesis or p44mapk activity within 15 min of TGF-beta addition. In contrast, addition of the growth-stimulatory combination of factors (epidermal growth factor + insulin + transferrin = EIT) to quiescent and proliferating IEC 4-1 cells stimulated DNA synthesis and resulted in a sustained activation of p44mapk. Together, our results suggest an association between activation of p44mapk and both TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition and EIT-mediated growth stimulation. This suggests that the specificity for the cellular effects of growth factors may not occur at the level of MAPK activation per se, but rather at downstream events that include phosphorylation of distinct transcriptional complexes and activation of a select assortment of genes. With regard to TGF-beta specifically, we have proposed a model to explain how activation of p44mapk may be associated with a growth-inhibitory response.


The acute economic pressures of the 1980s have forced virtually all of Latin America and Africa and some countries in Asia into painful austerity programs and difficult economic reforms. Scholars have intensively analyzed the economics of this situation, but they have given much less attention to the political forces involved. In this volume a number of eminent contributors analyze the politics of adjustment in thirteen countries and nineteen governments, drawing comparisons not only across the full set of cases but also within clusters selected to clarify specific issues. Why do some governments respond promptly to signs of economic trouble, while others muddle indecisively for years? Why do some confine their response to temporary macroeconomic measures, while others adopt broader, even sweeping, programs of reform? What leads some countries to experiment with heterodox approaches, while most, however reluctantly, pursue orthodox courses? Why, confronted with intense political protest, have some governments persisted while others have altered or abandoned course? The answers to these questions are political, not economic, and they are examined here by Thomas M. Callaghy, Stephan Haggard, Miles Kahler, Robert R. Kauman, Joan M. Nelson, and Barbara Stallings.


More and more research funding agencies define obligations on open science which include open access to publications and good research data management practices (data management plan, FAIR principles). Though these requirements have been enforced for several years they do not always reach their aim. For instance, it is estimated that only 81% of publications funded by H2020 are in open access (from figures available on OpenAIRE website: : https://monitor.openaire.eu/h2020-stats-new, 20/12/2018). Good data management practices are even harder to monitor for funders and DMP writing does not always lead to practices improvement and to data openness.

Funders like the European Commission or the French National Agency for Research (ANR) require a DMP only from funded projects. It means that most of the projects have not seriously considered data management and open science at the submission stage. Once the project is funded, it may be difficult to comply with open science requirements: it may occur that research partners do not agree on the level of data sharing or that no appropriate budget is dedicated to data preservation and dissemination. Funders requirements then appear to be only an administrative obligation which often leads to poor quality of practices and minimum data openness.

This poster presents a new service implemented by the University Library of Lille to support researchers to take into account all dimensions of open science since the submission of their projects. Collaborating with other university services, we insist on integrating open science as a part of the project management activities by transforming obligations into objectives, deliverables and budget. Doing so, we make sure open science objectives and resources are well balanced. It is an opportunity for researchers to improve their project proposals and it is often appreciated by project reviewers. As a librarian, it is the best way to be considered as a partner and to create a strong relation with the project coordinator.

Once a project is funded, the Library helps researchers to address open science issues and put into practice their commitments. A librarian is designated as the project open science manager. On open access, projects coordinators and their teams are provided with guidelines on funding signaling, on funders requirements and on self-archiving rights… Every publication related to the project has to be self-archived by researchers and signaled to the open science manager who makes sure the publications dissemination fulfills the project obligations. For H2020 projects, the open science manager checks that every publication is properly reported on the European Commission tools (OpenAIRE, participant portal). The open science manager is the contact point on open science issues for the European Commission projects officers. For mid-term or final reporting, the librarian produces a report on publications which includes information on open access dissemination, impact… Project coordinators and their teams are informed on research data management during the project kick-off meeting and other working meetings. Help is provided to write the project data management plan and specific guidance is proposed so that researchers are able to make relevant choices for research data management.


Family doctors and particularly obstetricians often have to prescribe antibiotics to pregnant women. While some antibiotics are considered to be safe during pregnancy, others have serious side effects, like miscarriage and/or teratogenesis with different degrees of severity that endanger the life of the child and mother alike. To avoid this unnecessary risk and in order to know which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy, there are a lot of therapeutic protocols and lists of dangerous or safe antibiotics, based on clinical and experimental studies. Yet there is a fundamental dilemma that persists regarding the cause of the side effects: was it the infection or the antibiotic? Most researchers recognize that they don't know whether the side effects were caused by the infection or by the antibiotic, and almost all studies were limited by the small number of samples. Deeper and larger studies are necessary to clear this. Until then, apart from some rules of thumb (avoid any unnecessary antibiotic treatment, educate patients, or discourage under-the-counter antibiotic use), studies provided a complete list of safe antibiotics during pregnancy, and of antibiotics that should be carefully prescribed and only when the risks of infection outweigh the risk of administering the antibiotic during pregnancy.


In most businesses there are groups of individuals whose boundary spanning positions differentiate them from others in the organization. Adams (1976) used the term "boundary role persons" and described them as individuals who are responsible for contacting people outside their own groups. Some of these are purely internal boundary spanners such as accounting and IS personnel whose activities require them to cross departmental, functional and organizational lines in order to do their jobs. Others, such as service technicians, sales representatives and purchasing agents, are external boundary spanners having continuous contact with customers and suppliers. Both groups are essential for organizational efficiency (Friedman and Podolny, 1992). One of the problems of boundary spanning is that of role conflict and the resultant negative impact on job satisfaction. One view is that role conflict results in job tensions which in turn lead to disillusionment with the job, and a lowering of job satisfaction (Kahn et al., 1964). For external boundary spanners role conflict can result from the conflicting demands placed upon them by the organization on the one hand and their external clients on the other. They are charged with carrying out their roles in line with corporate objectives but must also accommodate the demands of customers and suppliers which are often at variance with these objectives. At times, the management directives they receive are clearly not in the best interests (as they perceive them) of their customers or suppliers. They are often asked to perform their roles without clear performance guidelines which, research reveals, can produce dysfunctional effects on job-related behavior and attitudes (Michaels and Dixon, 1994). Although there is widespread use of control systems for setting objectives and measuring employee performance, these are often not effective in managing boundary spanners due to the very nature of their jobs. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical support for the view that boundary spanners' perceptions of a firm's control system impact their job satisfaction and the propensity to leave the firm. Any improvement in the control system should result in less role conflict and greater job satisfaction. The subjects in this study are purchasing agents, one of the boundary spanning group referred to above. The purchasing function in most organizations is becoming more important due to the complexity and sophistication associated with modern purchasing activities (Cook, 1992; Ellram and Pearson, 1993; Jackson, 1990). In addition, there is growing awareness that the administrative expenses associated with purchasing activities can be a significant portion of the total costs incurred by a company (Heinritz et al., 1991). The purchasing agent as a boundary spanner is a dominant conduit of influence between the firm and its suppliers. In terms of the role they play, both company and supplier have expectations about the role the buyer is to fulfill. Each has certain expectations of the buyer and sanctions behaviors that deviate from what is expected. The firm expects the purchasing agent to represent it to the supplier, unquestioningly. The supplier expects to be listened and responded to as part of a relationship of trust and understanding which has to be developed (Friedman and Podolny, 1992). Both groups expect clear loyalty to themselves. These expectations are potentially inconsistent and can lead to role conflict on the part of the boundary spanner. Any steps the firm can take to reduce role conflict and thus improve job satisfaction within the purchasing department are bound to have long-term positive financial consequences. Responses to role conflict could involve withdrawing from interaction with difficult suppliers or renegotiating the demands of these suppliers. The first can be an expensive option when there are few, if any, alternate suppliers and the second is usually too difficult for most firms to accomplish (Van Sell et al. …


Understanding the implications of algorithmic trading calls for modeling financial markets at a level of fidelity that often precludes analytic solution. We describe how agent-based simulation modeling can be combined with game-theoretic reasoning to examine the effects of market variables on outcomes of interest. The approach is illustrated in a basic model where investors trade a single security through a continuous double auction mechanism. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, and raise questions about the use of spreads as a proxy for trading cost and welfare.


Lying in a magic-induced coma, the King of Thyrsland is on the brink of death: if his enemies knew, chaos would reign. In fear for his life and his kingdom, his five daughters set out on a perilous journey to try to save him, their only hope an aunt they have yet to meet, a shadowy practitioner of undermagic who lives on the wild northern borders. No-one can stand before the fierce tattooed soldier and eldest daughter Bluebell, an army commander who is rumoured to be unkillable, but her sisters, the loyal and mystical Ash, beautiful but unhappily married Rose, pious Willow and uncertain Ivy all have their own secrets to keep from her — the kind of secrets that if revealed could bring disaster down upon not only them, but the entire kingdom. Waiting in the wings is stepbrother Wylm whose dealings with Bluebell's greatest enemy, Hakon the Raven King, would end Bluebell's dreams of revenge on his mother and propel his own desperate grasp for power. Daughters of the Storm is a richly drawn historical fantasy full of passion, magic and fire, an intimate epic that traces the lives of five complex women as they pursue a quest upon which the fate of a kingdom — as well as their own destinies — rests.


A fundamental question about the early evolution of low-mass protostars is when circumstellar disks may form. High angular resolution observations of molecular transitions in the (sub)millimeter wavelength windows make it possible to investigate the kinematics of the gas around newly formed stars, for example, to identify the presence of rotation and infall. IRAS 16293−2422 was observed with the extended Submillimeter Array (eSMA) resulting in subarcsecond resolution (0.″46 × 0.″29, i.e., ∼55 × 35 AU) images of compact emission from the C17O (3–2) and C34S (7–6) transitions at 337 GHz (0.89 mm). To recover the more extended emission we have combined the eSMA data with SMA observations of the same molecules. The emission of C17O (3–2) and C34S (7–6) both show a velocity gradient oriented along a northeast–southwest direction with respect to the continuum marking the location of one of the components of the binary, IRAS 16293A. Our combined eSMA and SMA observations show that the velocity field on the 50–400 AU scales is consistent with a rotating structure. It cannot be explained by simple Keplerian rotation around a single point mass but rather needs to take into account the enclosed envelope mass at the radii where the observed lines are excited. We suggest that IRAS 16293−2422 could be among the best candidates to observe a pseudo-disk with future high angular resolution observations.


Immature California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) without evidence of thoracic disease were radiographed under anesthesia. Important species-specific variations were noted on thoracic radiographs. For the California sea lions, the mean vertebral heart score was 8.65 from the left lateral view, and the cardiac silhouette occupied a mean of 66% of the internal thoracic width. The tracheal bifurcation in California sea lions was located at the level of the first thoracic vertebral body. For the northern elephant seals, there was variation in the number of thoracic vertebrae and ribs from 12 to 15, a lack of pulmonary lobation, and an indistinct cardiac silhouette. Cardiac measurements could only be made on ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) digital radiographs where the cardiac silhouette occupied a mean of 62% of the internal thoracic width. The combination of smooth to rounded lung lobe margins with border effacement of the cardiac silhouette and diaphragmatic margin is an important, normal, species-specific finding of the northern elephant seal that could be easily mistaken for pleural effusion. The carina in the northern elephant seals was at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebral body. In both species, the aortic bulb was evident as a focal, fairly symmetrical cranial mediastinal widening cranial to the cardiac silhouette on the VD and DV views, resulting in the aorta being identifiable on both the right and the left. This is an important normal finding in marine mammals that should not be mistaken for pathology. Both species had a diffuse bronchointerstitial pulmonary pattern that was slightly more prominent in California sea lions. This finding was consistent with variation between these species in the tissues supporting the small airways. This prospective study serves as a normal reference for immature California sea lions and northern elephant seals in veterinary care.


Biofuels are increasingly promoted worldwide as a means for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport. However, current regulatory frameworks and most academic life cycle analyses adopt a deterministic approach in determining the GHG intensities of biofuels and thus ignore the inherent risk associated with biofuel production. This study aims to develop a transparent stochastic method for evaluating UK biofuels that determines both the magnitude and uncertainty of GHG intensity on the basis of current industry practices. Using wheat ethanol as a case study, we show that the GHG intensity could span a range of 40–110 gCO2e MJ−1 when land use change (LUC) emissions and various sources of uncertainty are taken into account, as compared with a regulatory default value of 44 gCO2e MJ−1. This suggests that the current deterministic regulatory framework underestimates wheat ethanol GHG intensity and thus may not be effective in evaluating transport fuels. Uncertainties in determining the GHG intensity of UK wheat ethanol include limitations of available data at a localized scale, and significant scientific uncertainty of parameters such as soil N2O and LUC emissions. Biofuel polices should be robust enough to incorporate the currently irreducible uncertainties and flexible enough to be readily revised when better science is available.


This paper reports on the development of a real-time image fusion demonstration system using COTS technology. The system is designed to operate in a highly dynamic helicopter environment and across a challenging variety of operational conditions. The targeted application for the demonstrator system is low-level helicopter nap-of-the-earth flight, with particular emphasis being placed on providing improved pilot vision for an increased situation awareness capability. This work provides key technology assessment for the UK Ministry of Defense's Day/Night All Weather helicopter program. The current operation requirement is to fuse imagery from two sensors - one a thermal imagery, the other an image intensifier or visible band camera. However, provision has been made within the software and hardware architectures to support scaling to different cameras and further processors. Over the past two years the research has matured from algorithmic development and analysis using pre-registered recorded imagery to the current real-time image fusion demonstrator system which performs registration and warping prior to an adaptive image processing control scheme. This paper concentrates on the design and hardware implementation issues associated with the process of moving from experimental non real-time algorithms to a real-time image fusion demonstrator. Background information about the program is provided to help put the current system in context, and a brief overview of the algorithm set is also given. The design and hardware implementation issues associated with this scheme are discussed and results from initial field trials are presented.


This case study describes a Virtual Tutoring (VT) pilot project funded through a National Science Foundation (NSF) Math Science Partnership (MSP) sub-award. The project investigated the efficacy of using internet and Smart Board technology to link university and secondary school students. The unique attribute of this project is that in addition to traditional goals of tutoring, in this case supporting high school students struggling in mathematics, further goals were to generate interest in the teaching profession among university student tutors and to stimulate high school teachers' thinking about the use of technology in teaching and learning. The project faced and overcame many obstacles: changes in school district personnel, difficulty in finding times when both tutors and tutees were available, a shortage of secondary students seeking tutoring, and many technical challenges. As documented by the project's ethnographer, this pilot project was generally deemed valuable by all involved, including tutors, tutees, teachers, and administrators. This study also pointed to the importance of better understanding the types of learning communities that can best be supported through online linkages between high school students and college students. The technical solutions and other lessons learned should be of considerable use to future projects of this type.


The share of renewable generation (RG) in the energy mix has seen constant growth in recent years. RG is volatile and not (fully) controllable. Consequently, the alignment of stochastic demand with supply, which is fundamental for ensuring grid stability, becomes more difficult. The utilization of demand side flexibility as well as RG portfolio design are attractive opportunities to avoid excessive investments in conventional power plants and costs for balancing power. This paper provides a comprehensive centralized scheduling model to exploit demand flexibility from residential devices. We analyze the monetary value of households for demand response (DR) by determining the potential of various current and possible available future end consumer devices to reduce generation costs of a flexibility aggregator in a microgrid with a large share of RG. Furthermore, we identify key characteristics affecting the value of demand flexibility and derive recommendations for an aggregator's RG portfolio structure. Our simulation results indicate that electric vehicles, stationary batteries, and storage heaters are the most promising devices for residential DR. Furthermore, we show that the potential of a device to directly utilize intermittent RG is largely influenced by the composition of the renewable energy source portfolio.


Privacy is a value shared by most human societies. The work presented here is inspired by this value and is concerned with methods by which it may be achieved. In a world where we increasingly make use of information systems amenable to surveillance, privacy is no longer an inherent assumption; it has becomes a property that must be explicitly designed. In this thesis we examine the background and motivation for privacy and how this goal may be achieved by use of systems that provide anonymity. We examine the underlying features of such systems, the variety of strategies that may be employed to achieve this aim, and the limitations of these methods. We employ a definition of anonymity based on various applications of random choice to introduce unpredictability into the sequences of observable events created by the exchange of messages between actors in communicating systems. This leads to a characterisation of anonymity systems according to the fundamental mechanism that they employ to maximise this unpredictability. The characterisation that we propose leads us to identify four fundamental anonymity strategies, corresponding to known mechanisms that introduce randomness in communicating processes. These strategies form a classification applicable to all anonymity systems, which allows us to consider in isolation the separate strategies for achieving anonymity. Taking this approach we show that each fundamental strategy is individually sufficient to provide anonymity to communicating entities. We analyse the anonymity strategies identified in the model through a simulation-based approach, and employ an information theoretic quantification to compare the anonymity provided by each type of system. The fundamental strategies are simulated both individually and as part of larger networks, and are compared with respect to the effectiveness of each approach in confusing an observer's ability to link communicating actors. Finally, we demonstrate that combining strategies in a single system can improve anonymity beyond that of individual strategies. Our results show the relative effectiveness of a range of anonymity systems


We seek to answer the question, What effect does international war participation have on the ability of political leaders to survive in office? We develop a model of political reliability and derive seven related hypotheses from it that anticipate variation in the time a national political leader will survive in office after the onset of a war. Drawing upon a broadly based data set on state involvement in international war between 1816 and 1975, our expectations are tested through censored Weibull regression. Four of the hypotheses are tested, and all are supported by the analysis. We find that those leaders who engage their nation in war subject themselves to a domestic political hazard that threatens the very essence of the office-holding homo politicus, the retention of political power. The hazard is mitigated by longstanding experience for authoritarian elites, an effect that is muted for democratic leaders, while the hazard is militated by defeat and high costs from war for all types of leaders. Additionally, we find that authoritarian leaders are inclined to war longer after they come to power than democratic leaders. Further, democratic leaders select wars with a lower risk of defeat than do their authoritarian counterparts.


Artificial introductions of non-native species by humans can remove geographical barriers between species. In the absence of reproductive barriers, closely related introduced taxa may be able to hybridize, resulting in the formation of novel genotypes. These may be more suited to the new environment than either of their parent taxa, and have the potential to become more invasive. We investigated potential reproductive barriers between the non-native invasive Impatiens glandulifera and its less aggressive non-native congener I. balfourii . We examined behaviour of pollinators, including their foraging preferences and whether they switched from one species to the other. Moreover, conspecific and interspecific artificial crosses were performed between these species and seed production and the germination success of hybrid seeds were assessed. Both I. balfourii and I. glandulifera had relatively long flowering periods which mostly overlapped. Insect visitors were observed to switch from flowers of one species to the other during a single foraging bout, confirming that natural pollen transfer between species is possible. Artificial interspecific pollination resulted in the production of seeds, suggesting the presence of incomplete reproductive barriers between the two species. However, hybrid seeds mostly failed to germinate making the production of invasive hybrids unlikely. Nevertheless, because of the prolific reproductive output of these species we would not exclude the possibility that some viable hybrid seeds could be formed and become established. Further investigation of the fitness of hybrid seeds is required as hybridisation may allow Impatiens to exploit different ecological niches.


Katherine Dunagan Osborne, "Inherited Emotions: George Eliot and the Politics of Heirlooms" (pp. 465––493) This essay removes George Eliot9s heroines from heterosexual dyads to focus on the roles that things play in women9s autonomous moral and sexual development. Because Eliot9s female protagonists can adapt heirlooms for their own private and emotional purposes, they can replace traditional inheritance based on bloodlines with a non-familial, emotional inheritance, thus illustrating the subtlety of Eliot9s family and gender politics. This reading of Eliot contextualizes specific heirlooms in Middlemarch (1871––72) and Daniel Deronda (1876)——including miniature portraits, emeralds, turquoises, and diamonds——to reveal the surprising politics embedded in Eliot9s heirlooms that her nineteenth-century readers would certainly have recognized.


MSb2O6 compounds (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) are known in the tetragonal trirutile forms, slightly distorted monoclinically with M = Cu due to the Jahn-Teller effect. In this study, using a low-temperature exchange reaction between ilmenite-type NaSbO3 and molten MSO4-KCl (or MgCl2-KCl) mixtures, these five compositions were prepared for the first time as trigonal layered rosiaite (PbSb2O6)-type phases. Upon heating, they irreversibly transform to the known phases via amorphous intermediates, in contrast to previously studied isostructural MnSb2O6, where the stable phase is structurally related to the metastable phase. The same method was found to be applicable for preparing stable rosiaite-type CdSb2O6. The formula volumes of the new phases show an excellent correlation with the ionic radii (except for M = Cu, for which a Jahn-Teller distortion is suspected) and are 2-3% larger than those for the known forms although all coordination numbers are the same. The crystal structure of CoSb2O6 was refined via the Rietveld method: P3[combining macron]1m, a = 5.1318(3) Å, and c = 4.5520(3) Å. Compounds with M = Co and Ni antiferromagnetically order at 11 and 15 K, respectively, whereas the copper compound does not show long-range magnetic order down to 1.5 K. A comparison between the magnetic behavior of the metastable and stable polymorphs was carried out. FeSb2O6 could not be prepared because of the 2Fe2+ + Sb5+ = 2Fe3+ + Sb3+ redox reaction. This electron transfer produces an additional 5s2 shell for Sb and results in a volume increase. A comparison of the formula volume for the stable mixture FeSbO4 + 0.5Sb2O4 with that extrapolated for FeSb2O6 predicted that the trirutile-type FeSb2O6 can be stabilized at high pressures.


Tunisian civil society groups raised alarms about the spread of disinformation and hate speech during the 2019 elections. These concerns centered around the legal and technical obstacles faced by Tunisian civil society actors monitoring elections on social media. We interviewed civil society leaders and digital rights activists in Tunisia to learn about the kinds of limitations they encountered when observing the Tunisian elections. We conclude that: (1) Tunisian civil society groups were concerned about the spread of disinformation online but efforts to monitor social media were limited and not coordinated between groups; (2) the Facebook ad library was of limited use to Tunisian observers because the library does not archive electoral or political ads in Tunisia; (3) the limited access to Facebook data was a significant obstacle for Tunisian social media observers, leading them to rely upon manual data gathering, and compounded by the unavailability of data collection tools such as CrowdTangle to many civil society groups; (4) Tunisian laws around data privacy and election regulations are insufficient for a democratic society in the digital age.


Grounded theory (Gt) is a qualitative methodology, which derives its name from the practice of generating theory from research, which is grounded in data (babchuk 1997). three Gt methodologies have evolved, namely b.G. Glaser's classic, a.l. strauss and J. corbin's structured, and k. charmaz's (1983, 2005, 2006, 2014) social constructivist methodology. the thematic analysis based on Gt is usually called applied thematic analysis (ata) (braun and clarke 2006). as Gt is designed to construct theories that are grounded in the empirical data themselves (Guest et al. 2012) this aspect is also reflected in ata because its process also consists of reading transcripts, identifying and comparing themes, and building theoretical models (boyatzis 1998).