We previously purified an NADH-dependent Fe3+-chelate reductase (NFR) from maize roots with biochemical features of a cytochrome-b5 reductase (b5R) [Sparla, Bagnaresi, Scagliarini and Trost (1997) FEBS Lett. 414, 571-575]. We have now cloned a maize root cDNA that, on the basis of sequence information, calculated parameters and functional assay, codes for NFR. Maize NFR has 66% and 65% similarity to mammal and yeast b5R respectively. It has a deduced molecular mass of 31.17 kDa and a pI of 8.53. An uncharged region is observed at its N-terminus but no myristoylation consensus site is present. Taken together, these results, coupled with previous biochemical evidence, prove that NFR belongs to the b5R class and document b5R from a plant at the molecular level for the first time. We have also identified a putative Arabidopsis thaliana NFR gene. Its organization (nine exons) closely resembles mammalian b5Rs. Several NFR isoforms are expected to exist in maize. They are probably not produced by alternative translational mechanisms as occur in mammals, because of specific constraints observed in the maize NFR cDNA sequence. In contrast with yeast and mammals, tissue-specific and various subcellular localizations of maize b5R isoforms could result from differential expression of the various members of a multigene family. The first molecular characterization of a plant b5R indicates an overall remarkable evolutionary conservation for these versatile reductase systems. In addition, the well-characterized Fe3+-chelate reduction capabilities of NFR, in addition to known Fe3+-haemoglobin reduction roles for mammal b5R isoforms, suggest further and more generalized roles for the b5R class in endocellular iron reduction.


Due to the worldwide organ shortage, interest in the use of marginal liver allografts has increased. More widespread use of marginal grafts is limited by graft injury from cold storage and the risk of poor outcomes after transplantation. Warm (subnormothermic and normothermic) ex vivo liver perfusion has emerged as a novel preservation strategy to recover marginal organs and potentially increase the organ pool. Over the last decade, advances in the field have taken warm ex vivo liver perfusion from the laboratory to clinical trials. While most investigation thus far has focused on the rescue of marginal grafts for expansion of the donor pool, warm perfusion (WP) preservation also has great potential to facilitate novel graft interventions prior to transplantation.


Objectives of the Study Mobile phones have become a commodity and simultaneously the modern touchscreen smartphones penetrate the market. Consumers switch their phones increasingly often, so the reasons behind the switching behavior matter. The academic research of the mobile phone switching factors is limited. Earlier related research findings suggest that the social effects have a role in mobile phone switching. What is this role like, and furthermore, what is the underlying dynamics behind it. This thesis is attempting to fill a gap in the academic research, and add in knowledge of the roles of social environment influences for a consumer s behavior. Academic background and methodology This is a longitudinal, partly inductive analysis, combining quantitative and qualitative elements. The theoretical grounding is built on an academic literature review. An empirical survey data collected in Finland by Professor Virpi Tuunainen, at the Aalto University, School of Business during 2012-2014, is used for the analysis. A modified framework for mobile service platform switching is built on the theoretical grounding, and is used to organize the questionnaire data. The recognized survey data constructs are organized for relevant switch variables, and the primary and the supporting analysis are made. Qualitative and quantitative data are compared in respect with each others, and analyzed separately as well. Findings and conclusions Obvious positive impacts of social norms on the consumer s switching behavior were discovered, and their role has become more important. The consumers recognize the role of social impact in their past behavior rather well, but don t see this role in their future decisions, which indicates it is partly hidden. Weaker signals of peer pressure were found, though also their role is increasing. Deliberate, compelling peer influencing in one s mobile service platform switching decisions is still rare. Network effects and social factors are manifesting positive interdependence hence a mobile service platform with proper design can exploit the role of social effects in the mobile service consumers switching behavior.


The theory and practice of international relations are replete with dilemmas related to the distribution of responsibility for human rights protection. Institutionalized notions of public and private empower and shape knowledge of what the spheres of responsibility signify for different kinds of actors. This study examines how the public-private distinction is manifested in controversy concerning the character of corporate social responsibility. The study develops a conceptual framework centered on the public-private distinction and the concept of responsibility, drawing attention to the ambiguous and political character of the distinction. Through the analytical prism of the framework, debates concerning responsibility in the case of transnational oil corporations operating in zones where human rights violations are committed by governments are studied. A closer examination is undertaken of the controversy surrounding a Canadian headquartered oil company that operated in Sudan between 1998 and 2002. A range of political, legal and moral tensions arise from boundary-drawing processes between public and private in debates on the distribution of responsibility for human rights protection. The boundary between public and private responsibility is found to be a site of struggle, leading to charges of complicity in human rights abuse. Reconfigurations of authority and power relations question the state-centric focus of the international human rights regime. In the study is discerned an emerging global public domain of action where nonstate actors such as transnational corporations and advocacy NGOs interact and set agendas and standards. The pluralization of authority relations in webs of global governance and the expansion of private sector self-regulation challenge the association of authority with public actors that are accountable through political institutions. This diversification of authority relations is scrutinized in light of the principle of democratic accountability and legitimacy. Efforts at self-regulation, as well as the development of mechanisms for holding transnational corporations accountable for their impact on social conditions, expand the terrain of accountability in zones of human rights violations where transnational corporations are present. This indicates that the territorial boundaries of accountability systems related to human rights are becoming recast into a less territorially defined transnational sphere of action, influence, contestation and answerability. The analysis demonstrates that the study of responsibility, accountability and authority in the field of international relations is confronted with new challenges through the examination of corporate social responsibility in a global governance setting.


Population ageing means that many current pension regimes are unsustainable, but the timing of pension reform measures is a political as well as an economic decision. This column uses new data on OECD pension reforms since 1970 to show that their timing has not been driven by projected demographic developments or political change, but by the state of the economy at the time when reforms were legislated. Pension systems have expanded more frequently during booms, and have contracted during economic downturns.


The system of international repression ended with the fall of Metternich in 1848. The conflicting ideals of international revolution and collective security came into being with Lenin and Wilson in 1918. Nationalism, tempered by the Balance of Power, dominated Europe in the intervening seventy years. Drawing on a wealth of diplomatic documents, A. J. P. Taylor examines the relations of the Great Powers, when Europe was still the centre of the world. Written in characteristically vigorous prose, this is a challenging and original diplomatic history, that also considers the political and economic forces which made continental war inevitable.


In 2007, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) began a joint initiative to support the spouses of military personnel in their pursuit of portable postsecondary degrees or industry-recognized credentials. Through the Military Spouse (MilSpouse) Career Advancement Account (CAA) Demonstration, eligible spouses could obtain an account to pay for career-related education and training. Demonstration goals were to (1) help military spouses with careers and (2) encourage the retention of service members by increasing families' satisfaction with military life. Eight states received demonstration grants, which were used in substate areas where participating military bases and One-Stop Career Centers were located. DOL and DoD established demonstration guidelines about the local partnerships to be formed; which military spouses were eligible for CAAs; the types of training, education, and credentials that could be funded; the funding amount available to each spouse; and the extent of guidance that demonstration staff could give to spouses. This report presents findings from the implementation evaluation of the Military Spouse Career Advancement Account Demonstration. Part I: Early Implementation of the Military Spouse Career Advancement Accounts Demonstration provides an overview of the demonstration and key findings about the demonstration's partnerships, early implementation experiences, marketing efforts, and other topics. Part II: Additional Findings from the Military Spouse Career Advancement Accounts Demonstration Study supplements the earlier report by providing additional information on implementation issues and quantitative information about the characteristics of participants, as well as their plans for using the CAAs for participation in education and training programs and the attainment of credentials, licenses, or certifications to support careers in high-wage, high-growth occupations.


Large-scale crustal thickening by tectonic and/or magmatic processes can lead to various complex patterns of multi-layered continental crust. It is well-known from one-dimensional thermal modeling that variations in total crustal thickness, mantle lithospheric thickness, thermal conductivities of the crust, and bulk radiogenic heat production of the crust will lead to variable geotherms in such heterogeneously stacked crust. By systematically changing the above parameters, we illustrate that variations on the order of 100–500°C will result at a depth of 30 km. Specifically, we show that geotherms are also strongly dependent on the pattern of vertical interlayering. Assuming a crustal structure composed of idealized granodioritic/gabbroic or granodioritic/dioritic compositional layer sequences, it can be shown that such gravitationally unstable, stacked, multi-layered continental crust can lead to temperature variations in geotherms of comparable magnitude as for the above parameters. Geotherms exhibiting the highest temperatures at a given depth are characteristic for gravitationally unstable structures in which the bulk of the granodioritic rocks underlie dioritic or gabbroic rocks. Thus a strong positive correlation between temperature and the estimated degree of gravitational instability of the multilayered crust is indicated. It is argued that the lowering of the viscosity of rocks with increasing temperature after tectonic or magmatic stacking will set the stage for processes of gravitational redistribution and buoyant exhumation of high-grade metamorphic rocks. Prograde changes in metamorphic mineral assemblages and partial melting during thermal relaxation after stacking provide positive feed-back mechanisms to enhance the possibility of gravitational redistribution. In keeping with the published results of Babeyko & Sobolev (2001) and Arnold et al. (2001), we find that gravitational overturn can be triggered only when external tectonic forces are active after stacking. Time-scales of 10 to 100 Myr are indicated for differential movement of rock masses on a kilometer-scale when the viscosity of crustal rocks is lowered to n × 10 21 Pa·s, but may be considerably less if zones of tectonic weakness in the crust lead to a further local decrease in effective rock viscosity.


Abstract A 3.7 m stratigraphic section of the Silurian Salina Group F-1 Salt, Detroit Salt Company mine, Michigan Basin, was studied to document the paleodepositional conditions, including brine chemistry and temperature, of evaporite precipitation. Sedimentary features, including rippled surfaces, halite chevrons, cumulate halite, and dissolution surfaces confirm a shallow-water depositional setting. Penecontemporaneous dissolution surfaces indicate that waters undersaturated with respect to halite were introduced into the Michigan Basin, and that the basin brines were nonstratified during flooding, allowing inflow waters to come into contact with halite crystals at the bottom. Fluid inclusions in primary chevron halite have homogenization temperatures between 5° and 25° C, which represent brine temperatures during halite precipitation. These temperatures are lower than expected for a marginal marine basin at a subtropical paleolatitude, and they suggest a climatic cold spell for a period of thousands of years. The major ions in fluid-inclusion brines, analyzed using the ESEM-X-Ray-EDS method, have relatively low concentrations of Na+, Mg2+, and SO42−, and elevated concentrations of Ca2+ compared to modern seawater. Brine-inclusion chemistries from the F-1 Salt compare closely with the major-ion composition of fluid inclusions from other Silurian marine halites (A-1, A-2, and B Evaporites of the Salina Group and Carribuddy Group, Canning Basin, Australia). These results indicate a seawater parentage of the Michigan basin F-1 Salts and that the major-ion chemistry of seawater remained more or less constant during the last 15 million years of the Silurian. Detailed documentation of the temperatures, brine chemistries, and environments of halite deposition is a prerequisite for geobiological study of the entrapment of ancient microbes in salt. The results reported here can help pinpoint the timing of entrapment of microorganisms in fluid inclusions in halite and can be used to argue that brine inclusions in the F-1 halites have been isolated and preserved in an unmodified state for more than 400 million years.


This article examines a brief statement made by Patrick D Miller in his commentary on Deuteronomy, namely that scholars quite likely have missed the most important Old Testament passage relating to the kind  of kingship Jesus manifested in his earthly ministry. Deuteronomy 17:14-20 gives a job description for an upcoming, earthly king; it carries messianic dimensions. Christian scholars, however, primarily have pointed to Isaiah and the messianic passages of the royal psalms to provide indication from the Old Testament  that Jesus indeed  fulfilled  the promises therein of the promised king and the Messiah. Reading like a modern "Position Available" advertisement, the qualifications for kingship in Deuteronomy begin by saying the coming king must be God's choice, an Israelite and not a foreigner; frugal, not prone to displays of wealth and military might; and careful to keep his heart faithful to the Lord. Furthermore, a king's first duty is to write for himself a copy of the law and to read it throughout his life. The kind of kingship Jesus displayed during his ministry indeed exemplified his personal knowledge and careful following of the law, his total obedience to  the law, his reverence for the law, and his humility before his disciples—all qualifications for earthly kingship "advertised" in the pericope. The Gospel of Matthew resonates with passages showing that Jesus  answered the advertisement, met the job description, and fulfilled the qualifications for kingship outlined prophetically by Moses in Deuteronomy.


Taking satisfactory photos under dim lighting conditions using a hand-held camera is challenging. If the camera is set to a long exposure time, the image is blurred due to camera shake. On the other hand, the image is dark and noisy if it is taken with a short exposure time but with a high camera gain. By combining information extracted from both blurred and noisy images, however, we show in this paper how to produce a high quality image that cannot be obtained by simply denoising the noisy image, or deblurring the blurred image alone. Our approach is image deblurring with the help of the noisy image. First, both images are used to estimate an accurate blur kernel, which otherwise is difficult to obtain from a single blurred image. Second, and again using both images, a residual deconvolution is proposed to significantly reduce ringing artifacts inherent to image deconvolution. Third, the remaining ringing artifacts in smooth image regions are further suppressed by a gain-controlled deconvolution process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a number of indoor and outdoor images taken by off-the-shelf hand-held cameras in poor lighting environments.


Smart homes have the potential to achieve optimal energy consumption with appropriate scheduling. The control of smart appliances can be based on optimization models, which should be realistic and efficient. However, increased realism also implies an increase in solution time. Many of the optimization models in the literature have limitations on the types of appliances considered and/or their reliability. This paper proposes a home energy management scheduling model that is more realistic and efficient. We develop a mixed integer linear optimization model that minimizes the energy cost while maintaining a given level of user comfort. Our main contribution is the variety of specific appliance models considered and their integration into a single model. We consider the use of energy in appliances and electric vehicles (EVs) and take into account renewable local generation, batteries, and demand response. Our models of a shower, a fridge, and a hybrid EV consider both the electricity consumption and the conventional fuel cost. We present computational results to validate the model and indicate how it overcomes the limitations of other models. Our results, compared with the best competitors, provide cost savings ranging from 8% to 389% over a horizon of 24 hours.


The article presents the early beginnings of mass communication in the context of time and social importance and points out that, in the sense of culture, the development of mass communication is deeply associated with the birth of culture and everything that it carries. The following is a description of what mass communication implies, when it comes to what exactly media are considered to be massive.The relationship between mass media and cultural discourse is also considered, as it is difficult to imagine a cultural identity in a society mediated by mass media communication and the appreciation of their contribution to cultural goods.There is a shorter overview of the global media market with an overview of the operations of media organizations and their market concentration. Along with media imperialism and criticism of mass culture, the impact on the youth, the ethics of mass communication and the discursive media power within the cultural perspective are considered.


This article reevaluates the origins of Yugoslavia's instrumental role in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and elucidates the roots and conceptualization of Tito's strategic reorientation toward nonalignment. Yugoslav foreign policy became truly independent only after Yugoslavia was expelled from the Soviet fold. The article shows that Belgrade began searching for a "third way" earlier than is acknowledged in the relevant historiography. The search began when, faced with the distinct threat of a Soviet invasion in the early 1950s, Yugoslavia became all but formally incorporated into the Western alliance. Based on previously unknown or inadequately researched documents from the Yugoslav archives, the article demonstrates that Josip Broz Tito's trip to India and Burma in December 1954, particularly his first encounter with India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, played a key role in shaping Tito's principles of active peaceful coexistence and noncommitment and in transforming them into a global initiative. The article highlights the well-defined political and philosophical rationale behind the principles that became embedded in the concept of non-engagement and, later, nonalignment.


Monetary crisis in 1997 caused many entrepreneurs to loan for financing activities. Many entrepreneurs are compulsory to take debts from domestic or foreign companys to survive in competitive condition. That condition made a new
problem. The new problem that aoccur is as the debt settelment. So, regulations are needed to guarantee creditor's and debtor's rights. Our government has made a regulation to guarantee the fulfillment of creditor's and debtor's rights. But, the regulation does not enough, because we do not have system which saves a creditor's rights in bankruptcy procedure. From the above background, which the writing of this essay is to explain how the fulfillment of rights of creditors if debtor which bankrupt? This research is empirical research. The primary data are from interview result with informant who experts in bankruptcy procedure. The conclusion of the research indicates that fulfillment creditor's right has not ended very well because there's no consistency in bankruptcy procedure. A competence which given to the court of commerce to detained a not cooperative debtor rarely implemented. That condition is being inhibided to fulfiilment creditor's rights. Other parties in bankruptcy procedure often not cooperative to each other too. This condition is used to get personal benefit. There should be a cooperative attitude between all of parties to fulfill the creditor's right.


The exploratory action research study conducted as part of my practicum as a student teacher during the master's degree studies in teaching English at primary level aimed to explore two strands of the umbrella term, metacognitive awareness. These were self-awareness (Who am I as a language learner?) and cognitive awareness (Why and how do I learn a language?). Secondly, the study aimed to help understand the teacher's role in fostering reflection and how reflection can support students' learning. The study was conducted during a 2- month period and involved a group of 26 students at primary level. The main data collection tools consisted of a teaching journal used to note pertinent contributions from students, and student questionnaires. Classroom practice consisted of strategic questioning, reflection upon the activities carried out during the lesson through the use of reflection cards and reflective summaries promoted by the teacher. Results showed that over time, through reflection more students were able to recognize their mistakes, share their learning strategies with their peers, and students were able to provide more reasons for the activities carried out in the classroom. Moreover, the study demonstrated that the teacher's role is fundamental in promoting students' reflective attitudes towards learning.

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Alexseev argues that four robust `state-preserving' pillars of support prevent Russia from collapsing. This article seeks rather to persuade that these pillars provided little safeguard against the `confederalization' of Russia's Federation, particularly after the `systemic shock' of August 1998. It finds agreement with Alexseev in noting the dangers to stability posed by Putin's programme of recentralization, and concludes by suggesting that the politics of `Putinism' will become a key litmus test for the nature of Russian governance into the 21st century.


The sequential parameter optimization (spot) package for R (R Development Core Team, 2008) is a toolbox for tuning and understanding simulation and optimization algorithms. Model-based investigations are common approaches in simulation and optimization. Sequential parameter optimization has been developed, because there is a strong need for sound statistical analysis of simulation and optimization algorithms. spot includes methods for tuning based on classical regression and analysis of variance techniques; tree-based models such as CART and random forest; Gaussian process models (Kriging), and combinations of dierent metamodeling approaches. This article exemplies how an existing optimization algorithms, namely simulated annealing, can be tuned using the spot framework


computing provides the means of using and sharing heterogeneous resources that are geographically distributed to solve complex scientific or technical problems. Task scheduling is critical to achieving high performance on grid computing environment. The objective of the scheduling process is to map each task with specific requirements to a capable machine in order to minimize the makespan. Task scheduling is shown to be NP-complete problem, which can be solved using heuristic algorithms. Several heuristic algorithms have been proposed in the literature, and they are either not efficient or complex. In this paper, we are proposing a Multi Objectives heuristic Algorithm to minimize the makespan and flow time and to maximize the resource utilization with a low computational complexity.


A gaming site, a portfolio site, an information site: Each requires a home page, but each of those home pages requires disparate elements and approaches. How to Wow: Photoshop for the Web walks you through the process of designing each, plus 15 other navigation, animation, and automation projects that show you how to add wow to your Web pages with Photoshop-created graphics. Just like your favorite cookbooks-the ones with short, clear-cut instructions and mouthwatering photos of the delectable concoctions-this book identifies challenges, provides simple recipes for overcoming them, and plugs in inspirational photos of the glorious results. Part 1 takes you through a range of navigation, animation, and automation projects (creating rollover navigation, building animated slide shows, producing a dynamic Flash banner, and more), while Part 2 walks you through the steps entailed in creating home pages for gaming, portfolio, and information sites. Each project explains how to create a lush graphic element, while sidebars and glossaries provide the low-down on important underlying principles. A CD includes the lesson files and image assets required to complete the book's projects.


We study the misclassification error for community detection in general heterogeneous stochastic block models (SBM) with noisy or partial label information. We establish a connection between the misclassification rate and the notion of minimum energy on the local neighborhood of the SBM. We develop an optimally weighted message passing algorithm to reconstruct labels for SBM based on the minimum energy flow and the eigenvectors of a certain Markov transition matrix. The general SBM considered in this paper allows for unequal-size communities, degree heterogeneity, and different connection probabilities among blocks. We focus on how to optimally weigh the message passing to improve misclassification.


Low-enthalpy geothermal energy is exploited from deep sandstones in Copenhagen in eastern Denmark, and the possibility of exploit the shallower sandstones of the Gassum Formation and the Karlebo Member is considered here. Petrography, porosity, permeability and provenance data from core and cutting samples on Zealand are compared in order to investigate the sediment composition and the reservoir properties across the area. Sandstones from central Zealand are on average coarser grained and better sorted than sandstones from the Copenhagen area, and this trend is found both within the Gassum Formation and the Karlebo Member. The sandstones from these units have a comparable and very mature mineralogy where quartz is the dominant component. Zircon age dating reveals that this is most likely caused by reworking of older sediments from the Ringkobing–Fyn High. Good reservoir quality is presumably present in the vast majority of the sandstones in the Copenhagen area. Differences in maximum burial depth and associated diagenesis must be taken into account when estimating the reservoir properties of sandstones in the Copenhagen area. The high mineralogical maturity documents that these sandstone reservoirs would be optimal for geothermal exploitation since the water will be reinjected into almost inert sandstones.


This paper presents the design of a maximum power point-tracking (MPPT) technique for DC–DC converters that are used in energy-harvesting systems based on thermoelectric generators. This technique is based on the analysis of the characteristics of the converter to measure the open-circuit voltage indirectly. The main contribution of this article is that the algorithm measures the voltage at the maximum power point without the need to disconnect the source of the circuit, as happens when the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) technique is used. The algorithm is based on a predetermined initial duty cycle, which is applied to the circuit, and the input voltage and input current are read. With these values, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are calculated with equations obtained from the circuit. Then, it calculates the duty cycle at the maximum power point and applies it to the circuit. If this duty cycle does not obtain the maximum power from the circuit, the algorithm starts a second stage based on fuzzy logic to calculate an increase or decrease in the duty cycle. The designed technique was evaluated using a topology based on a DC–DC flyback converter variant and was compared with the P&O technique and obtained better results. The designed technique provides between 3.9% and 5.6% more power to the load than the P&O technique in a 20 W system.


Various half-titanocenes containing monodentate anionic nitrogen ligands, CpTiCl2[3-C6H5(CH2N)(CH2O)CN] (T1), CpTiCl2[(C6H5O)(NiPr2)CN] (T2), CpTiCl2[1,3-(4-MeC6H4)(CH2N)2CN] (T3), CpTiCl2[1,3-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)(CH2N)2CN] (T4), CpTiCl2[1,3-(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(CH2N)2CN] (T5) and CpTiCl[1,3-(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(CH2N)2CN][CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COO] (T6), were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures of T1, T2 and T5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. All the above half-titanocenes were employed as precatalysts for ethylene/propylene copolymerization after activation by methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified MAO (MMAO). The catalytic activity and propylene incorporation into copolymers increased in the order of T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 < T5, which is attributed to the electron donating nature of the ligands. The half-titanocene containing the 2-ethylhexanoate ligand (T6) has good solubility in hexanes. An ethylene–propylene copolymer with high molecular weight (Mw = 530 kg mol−1) could be obtained by the T6/MMAO catalytic system. The ethylene/propylene copolymerization catalyzed by the T6/TIBA/MMAO catalytic system was more controllable than that by the T5/MAO catalytic system. Importantly, both the T5/MAO and T6/TIBA/MMAO catalytic systems displayed a high catalytic activity of 2.4 × 106 and 2.2 × 106 g polymer per mol of Ti per h, respectively, even at a low Al/Ti molar ratio (Al/Ti = 300). All the values of rE × rP (rE: reactivity ratio for ethylene; rP: reactivity ratio for propylene) were around 0.9 in the copolymerization catalyzed by T2, T4, T5 and T6, indicating that nearly random ethylene–propylene copolymers could be prepared. Compared to the T5/MAO catalytic system, ethylene–propylene copolymers with higher molecular weight (Mw = 381 kg mol−1) and higher propylene incorporation (43.6 mol%) could be produced by using the T6/TIBA/MMAO (TIBA/Ti = 50) system with a similar catalytic activity.


Abstract Mainstream metaphysicians today take little ontological interest in the world as we interact with it. They interpret the variety of things in the world as variety only of concepts applied to things that are basically of the same sort—e.g., sums of particles or temporal parts of particles. I challenge this approach by formulating and defending for a contrasting line of thought. Using what I call 'the Constitution View,' I argue that ordinary things (like screwdrivers and walnuts) are as ontologically significant as particles. I further argue for why we need recourse to such ordinary things in our basic ontology.


A major challenge in sparsity pattern estimation is that small modes are difficult to detect in the presence of noise. This problem is alleviated if one can observe samples from multiple realizations of the nonzero values for the same sparsity pattern. We will refer to this as "diversity". Diversity comes at a price, however, since each new realization adds new unknown nonzero values, thus increasing uncertainty. In this paper, upper and lower bounds on joint sparsity pattern estimation are derived. These bounds, which improve upon existing results even in the absence of diversity, illustrate key tradeoffs between the number of measurements, the accuracy of estimation, and the diversity. It is shown, for instance, that diversity introduces a tradeoff between the uncertainty in the noise and the uncertainty in the nonzero values. Moreover, it is shown that the optimal amount of diversity significantly improves the behavior of the estimation problem for both optimal and computationally efficient estimators.


We study the relation between order imbalance and past returns and firm characteristics and test a number of hypothesis including the disposition effect, momentum and contrarian trading, taxloss selling and flight-to-quality hypothesis. These hypotheses make predictions about investors' buy or sell decisions, but previous studies that test these hypotheses use turnover data that combine both buyer and seller-initiated trades. We find that investors behave as contrarians over short horizons and as momentum traders over longer horizons. We find strong support for seasonal tax induced trading but little evidence of flight-to-quality.


This article discusses an old-and-new topic, retranslation. The author, by analyzing the different aspects of retranslation, draws the following conclusion. The direct retranslation of literary works should be encouraged because it is the incarnation of artistry and the significance of it is to surpass former translated version(s).The direct retranslation of the science books should be strictly limited because, quite different from the direct retranslation of literary works, it is only for the spreading of scientific truths, not for the readers' appreciation. So it needs no competition in artistic approaches. But if the language and terms of the translated versions are not accurate or wrong or out of date, it is needed.Indirect re/translation, although it loses some of the information of the original, should be accepted because it is a good supplement to direct translation. It is decreasing, but it will never disappear.


The ability to adapt to different computing environments or external changes is an important requirement for both stationary and mobile computing. Without this ability, all requirements have to be foreseen, which is often not possible in practice. Classical software engineering approaches often lead to redeployment or even software migration. Therefore loosely coupled software design and a dynamic adaptation model are required. Dynamic aspect-oriented programming (d-AOP) in conjunction with service oriented programming is well suited to face this demand. One well known approach providing a service-oriented component model is the OSGi Service Platform.
 This paper introduces our approach to combine an OSGi Framework with d-AOP to establish dynamic adaptation of core concerns as well as crosscutting concerns. Seamless integration of current d-AOP frameworks is managed by mapping aspect deployment and undeployment to OSGi bundle lifecycle operations without affecting the deployment model. Unlike former proposals, this approach retains the strict separation of bundles as mandated by OSGi.


High energy planetary ball milling has been used to synthesize pseudo-cubic highly-pure LaGaO3 in one hour from its oxide components in an air atmosphere. Calcination at different temperatures led to the crystallization of lanthanum gallate in an orthorhombic structure with its local lanthanum coordination number environment changing from 12 to 7 when the temperature was increased. This change was attributed to the thermal expansion of the Ga–O bonds that varied non-monotonically inducing GaO6 tilting. Rietveld analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to elucidate the LaGaO3 structures at different temperatures.


In this note we define a machine that generates nests. The basic relations commonly attributed to linguistic expressions in configurational syntactic models as well as the device of chains postulated in current transformational grammar to represent distance relations can be naturally derived from the assumption that the combinatorial syntactic procedure is a nesting machine. Accordingly, the core of the transformational generative syntactic theory of language can be solidly constructed on the basis of nests, in the same terms as the general theory of order, an important methodological step that provides a rigorization of Chomsky's minimalist intuition that the simplest way to generate hierarchically organized linguistic expressions is by postulating a combinatorial operation called Merge, which can be internal or external. Importantly, there is reason to think that nests are a useful representative tool in other domains besides language where either some recursive algorithm or evolutionary process is at work, which suggests the unifying force of the mathematical abstraction this note is based on.


ABSTRACT Coastal ecosystems represent a potential additional source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) that has been insufficiently quantified. Thus, to understand the mechanisms controlling greenhouse gas emissions in these ecosystems, this study investigated CH4 emissions from and the related microbial properties of mangrove soils. Soil and gas samples were collected from several plots at different distances from the seashore in Soc Trang and Ca Mau in Vietnam, and the Sundarbans in India. Soil samples were incubated under different conditions, i.e., anaerobic or aerobic, and the microbial properties of each soil sample with the addition of different amounts of seawater were analyzed. Relatively high CH4 fluxes and production were detected during the aerobic incubation of samples from the seashore plots in Soc Trang and Ca Mau. However, CH4 production was reduced under anaerobic conditions [soil electrical conductivity (EC): 179–289 mS m−1, pH (H2O): 7.45–8.10] compared with aerobic conditions [water content: 38.9–109.2%, EC: 187–299 mS m−1, pH (H2O): 6.86–7.72], but it increased with increasing sulfate concentration, soil EC and cellulase activity and lowering soil pH under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, mangrove soil with a relatively high level of total organic carbon (C) exhibited relatively high CH4 production when diluted 4-fold with seawater under anaerobic conditions [water content: 38.9–109.2%, EC: 533 mS m−1, pH (H2O): 6.67]. Nearly all of the DNA bands excised from polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis contained identical sequences related to archaea from the class Halobacteria. The high potential of the seashore plot for CH4 emissions could be due to the enhancement of cellulase activity under the intermittent oxygen supply, which promotes polysaccharide depolymerization and subsequently increases anaerobic methanogenic activities during tidal flooding. This study also indicates that the major archaea responsible for CH4 production require a particular hydrospheric salt concentration and soil pH.


The numerical solution of Maxwell's equations involves calculation in a finite volume enclosing the structure of interest. Using simple Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions causes inaccuracies or requires excessively large meshes. For a static problem, which can be reduced to a scalar potential problem that can be described by Poisson's equation, it is shown that one can formulate more accurate boundary conditions. A multipole expansion of the well-known solutions of the Poisson equation can be used to yield better boundary values from the neighboring inner potentials. This modified formulation is used in solving electrostatic and magnetostatic problems with the recently developed solver of the 3-D CAD system MAFIA, which solves Maxwell's equations for a very broad range of applications. >


Introduction - Northern Ireland, border country, Eamonn Hughes Northern Ireland - a place apart?, George Boyce "Why can't you get along with each other" - culture, structure and the Northern Ireland conflict, Joseph Ruane and Jennifer Todd Cuchullian and an RPO-7 - the ideology and politics of the Ulster Defence Association, James W McAuley the Labour Party and Northern Ireland in the 1980s, Jonathan Moore women in Northern Ireland - an overview, Monica McWilliams economic change and the position of women in Northern Ireland, Hazel Morrisey notes on the novel in Irish, Sean Hutton Field Day's fifth province - avenue and impasse, Shaun Richards intellectuals and political culture - Unionist-Nationalist comparison, Liam O'Dowd


Our research focuses on improving the effectiveness and usability of driving mobile telepresence robots by increasing the user's sense of immersion during the navigation task. To this end we developed a robot platform that allows immersive navigation using head-tracked stereoscopic video and a HMD. We present the result of an initial user study that compares System Usability Scale (SUS) ratings of a robot teleoperation task using head-tracked stereo vision with a baseline fixed video feed and the effect of a low or high placement of the camera(s). Our results show significantly higher ratings for the fixed video condition and no effect of the camera placement. Future work will focus on examining the reasons for the lower ratings of stereo video and and also exploring further visual navigation interfaces.


Betsy Beinecke Shirley, one of the great collectors of American children's literature, gathered a peerless collection of books, original illustrations, manuscripts, and ephemera. This gorgeously illustrated book presents over 200 selected original artworks from the enchanting collection she bequeathed to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. Guiding the reader on a lively tour through the stages of childhood reading, this volume begins with ABCs and nursery books. It continues through adventure stories, magazines, and more, then concludes with a miscellany section of wonderful odds and ends. The delightfully varied images demonstrate how children's books evolved, from the nation's first days of independence to our own times. Artists whose works are represented include many beloved favorites, among them Ludwig Bemelmans, Maurice Sendak, A. B. Frost, Wanda Gag, Peter Newell, N. C. Wyeth, Tony Sarg, Robert Lawson, and Johnny Gruelle. From variant illustrations for Goodnight Moon and Where the Wild Things Are to little-known sketches for nineteenth-century periodicals that delighted generations of children, Drawn to Enchant offers a unique opportunity to study the reading lives of children throughout American history. Just as important, it invites each reader to recollect favorite images from the treasured books of his or her own childhood.


The performance of production programs can be improved by firing multiple rules in a production cycle. In this paper, we present the multiple-contextsmultiple-rules (MCMR) model which speeds up production program execution by firing multiple rule concurrently and guarantees the correctness of the solution. The MCMR model is implemented using the RUBIC parallel inference model on the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube. The Intel iPSC/2 hypercube is chosen because it is a cost-effective solution to large-scale application. To avoid unnecessary synchronization and improve performance, rules are executed asynchronously and messages are used to update the database. Preliminary implementation results for the RUBIC parallel inference environment on the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube are reported.


In the mid-nineteenth century, the founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), Henry Bergh, saw criminal punishment as the lynchpin of the protection of animals. Bergh lobbied the New York legislature for the adoption of animal cruelty laws, and took it on himself to enforce those laws. Animal law has evolved considerably since then, but Bergh's tactics have experienced a renaissance. The animal protection movement's reliance on criminal law and incarceration to prop up animal status is the subject of a book-length critique by Justin Marceau in Beyond Cages: Animal Law and Criminal Punishment. Picking up on the book's call for greater scholarly attention to the relationship between criminal justice and animal protection, this essay focuses scrutiny on three aspects of the modern animal protection's fixation with criminal justice: (1) the animal protection movement's renewed interest in privatizing the prosecutorial function; (2) the view that by framing the animal as a victim, social change will be more readily possible; and (3) more generally, the view that prosecutors will serve as catalysts for the sort of radical social change the animal protection movement is pursuing.


This paper presents a new algorithm of dynamic feature selection by extending the algorithm of Incremental Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), which has been originally proposed by Hall and Martin. In the proposed IPCA, a chunk of training samples can be processed at a time to update the eigenspace of a classification model without keeping all the training samples given so far. Under the assumption that L of training samples are given in a chunk, first we derive a new eigenproblem whose solution gives us a rotation matrix of eigen-axes, then we introduce a new algorithm of augmenting eigen-axes based on the accumulation ratio. We also derive the one-pass incremental update formula for the accumulation ratio. The experiments are carried out to verify if the proposed IPCA works well. Our experimental results demonstrate that it works well independent of the size of data chunk, and that the eigenvectors for major components are obtained without serious approximation errors at the final learning stage. In addition, it is shown that the proposed IPCA can maintain the designated accumulation ratio by augmenting new eigen-axes properly. This property enables a learning system to construct an informative eigenspace with minimum dimensionality.


The burden of cancer for Canadian citizens and society is large. New technologies have the potential to increase the use of genetic information in clinical decision-making, furthering prevention, surveillance, and safer, more effective drug therapies for cancer patients. Personalized medicine can have different meanings to different people. The context for personalized medicine in the present paper is genetic testing, which offers the promise of refining treatment decisions for those diagnosed with chronic and life-threatening illnesses. Personalized medicine and genetic characterization of tumours can also give direction to the development of novel drugs. Genetic testing will increasingly become an essential part of clinical decision-making. In Canada, provinces are responsible for health care, and most have unique policies and programs in place to address cancer control. The result is inconsistency in access to and delivery of therapies and other interventions, beyond the differences expected because of demographic factors and clinical education. Inconsistencies arising from differences in resources, policy, and application of evidence-informed personalized cancer medicine exacerbate patient access to appropriate testing and quality care. Geographic variations in cancer incidence and mortality rates in Canada-with the Atlantic provinces and Quebec having higher rates, and British Columbia having the lowest rates-are well documented. Our purpose here is to provide an understanding of current and future applications of personalized medicine in oncology, to highlight the benefits of personalized medicine for patients, and to describe issues and opportunities for improvement in the coordination of personalized medicine in Canada. Efficient and more rapid adoption of personalized medicine in oncology in Canada could help overcome those issues and improve cancer prevention and care. That task might benefit from the creation of a National Genetics Advisory Panel that would review research and provide recommendations on tests for funding or reimbursement, guidelines, service delivery models, laboratory quality assurance, education, and communication. More has to be known about the current state of personalized cancer medicine in Canada, and strategies have to be developed to inform and improve understanding and appropriate coordination and delivery. Our hope is that the perspectives emphasized in this paper will stimulate discussion and further research to create a more informed response.


Fluid injection into the deep subsurface, such as injection of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) into deep saline aquifers, often involves two-fluid flow in confined geological formations. Similarity solutions may be derived for these problems by assuming that a sharp interface separates the two fluids, by imposing a suitable no-flow condition along both the top and bottom boundaries, and by including an explicit solution for the pressure distribution in both fluids. When the injected fluid is less dense and less viscous than the resident fluid, as is the case for CO$_{2}$ injection into a resident brine, gravity override produces a fluid flow system that is captured well by the similarity solutions. The similarity solutions may be extended to include slight miscibility between the two fluids, as well as compressibility in both of the fluid phases. The solutions provide the location of the interface between the two fluids, as well as drying fronts that develop within the injected fluid. Applications to cases of supercritical CO$_{2}$ injection into deep saline aquifers demonstrate the utility of the solutions, and comparisons to solutions from full numerical simulations show the ability to predict the system behaviour.


The smart and intelligent system of FTTH is expected to be a key element which provides centralized monitoring, survivability and instantly maintenance of FTTH customer access network. A challenging task for network planners is to reduce network protection costs while maintaining an acceptable level of survivability. In this paper, we implement a cost effective restoration scheme for a novel tree-based EPON architecture for Intermediate Split Structure (ISS) in the drop region section. The protection mechanism for tree based optical switch will have capability to divert the signal onto protection line according to the types of failure condition and location of failures in access network. This will ensure the data flow continuously due to breakdown occur in the network and instantly repair operation before it cause any major problem later. We employ the dedicated and shared protection in our design. Four faulty conditions are considered in this article and OptiSystem, Inc. software is used to prove the solution feasibility.


Semidefinite programs derived from the Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma are quite common in control and signal processing applications. The programs are often of high dimension which makes them hard or impossible to solve with general-purpose solvers. Here we present a customized preprocessor, KYPD, that utilizes the inherent structure of this particular optimization problem. The key to an efficient implementation is to transform the optimization problem into an equivalent semidefinite program. This equivalent problem has much fewer variables and the matrices in the linear matrix inequality constraints are of low rank. KYPD can use any primal-dual solver for semidefinite programs as an underlying solver.


Typological research on negation has mainly focused on clausal negation and on indefinite pronouns in the scope of negation (see Miestamo 2007 for an overview). Derivational affixes expressing negation (e.g., un- in unhappy or -less in powerless), have so far not figured in systematic typological studies. Zimmer's (1964) seminal study of affixal negation with adjectives is mainly restricted to a few well-known Indo-European languages; other families are given less attention. Semantically, derivational negation is closely connected to antonymy, which can be expressed by unrelated lexemes (lexical antonyms: small vs. big) or by means of overt derivational negation (morphological antonyms: happy vs. unhappy). Lexical and morphological antonymy do not necessarily exclude each other. E.g., Russian has regular triads of the kind bol'soj 'big' – malen'kij 'little' – nebol'soj 'NEG.big', and even tetrads, such as dobryj 'kind' – zloj 'mean' – nedobryj 'NEG.kind' – nezloj 'NEG.mean'. Antonymy has been a popular topic in semantic theories and in logic (see Horn 2001). A central distinction is the one between contradictory vs. contrary opposites; the former are either–or (dead vs. alive), whereas the latter show a middle ground between the two poles (small vs. big). It has been suggested that languages have "canonical antonyms", i.e. "a limited core of highly opposable couplings" (speed: slow/fast, luminosity: dark/light, strength: weak/strong, size small/large, width: narrow/wide, merit bad/good and thickness thin/thick) (Paradis & al. 2009). However, systematic typological studies of antonymy are lacking. This talk presents a cross-linguistic pilot study of antonymy and its expression by both lexical and overt morphological means. Our pilot sample includes 20 languages from different families and geographical areas. The data come from dictionaries and grammars as well as from a questionnaire sent to language experts. We focus on antonymy in property words (adjectives), more specifically in such forms that can be used as adnominal modifiers, with the goal to find correlations between semantic and formal properties of antonyms. From the formal point of view, we will pay attention to the type of marking (e.g., prefix vs. suffix), to the number of different derivational negators in a language, whether these markers can be used on other word classes than property words and how they are related to other negative markers in the language, primarily to clausal negation. Taking in semantics, we will observe what types of opposition (contrary vs. contradictory, scalar vs. non-scalar etc.) and which domains (evaluation, size, dimension, temperature etc.) are expressed by lexical antonyms vs. each attested type of overt morphological marking. Specific hypotheses to be tested against the cross-linguistic data include the following. Evaluatively positive members of an antonym pair are more likely to accept morphological negation (unclever vs. *unstupid). The existence of a lexical antonym may block the possibility of morphological marking and if triads (or tetrads) exist, there will be cross-linguistically recurring ways in which the meanings of the lexical vs. morphological antonyms are related to each other. Morphological antonyms built with elements similar to clausal negators in the language will tend to involve contradictory rather than contrary opposites.


The SSL protocol is intended to provide a practical, application-layer, widely applicable connection-oriented mechanism for Internet client/server communications security. This note gives a detailed technical analysis of the cryptographic strength of the SSL 3.0 protocol. A number of minor flaws in the protocol and several new active attacks on SSL are presented; however, these can be easily corrected without overhauling the basic structure of the protocol. We conclude that, while there are still a few technical wrinkles to iron out, on the whole SSL 3.0 is a valuable contribution towards practical communications security.


Our European Union's Horizon-2020 project aims to develop a complete synthesis and performance optimization methodology for switching nano-crossbar arrays that leads to the design and construction of an emerging nanocomputer. Within the project, we investigate different computing models based on either two-terminal switches, realized with field effect transistors, resistive and diode devices, or four-terminal switches. Although a four-terminal switch based model offers a significant area advantage, its realization at the technology level needs further justifications and raises a number of questions about its feasibility. In this study, we answer these questions. First, by using three dimensional technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, we show that four-terminal switches can be directly implemented with the CMOS technology. For this purpose, we try different semiconductor gate materials in different formations of geometric shapes. Then, by fitting the TCAD simulation data to the standard CMOS current-voltage equations, we develop a Spice model of a four-terminal switch. Finally, we successfully perform Spice circuit simulations on four-terminal switches with different sizes. As a follow-up work within the project, we will proceed to the fabrication step.


All new PhD's hope that their dissertations can become books. But a dissertation is written for a committee, and a book for the world. William Germano's From Dissertation to Book is the essential guide for academic writers who want to revise a doctoral thesis for publication. The author of Getting It Published, Germano draws upon his extensive experience in academic publishing to provide writers with a state-of-the-art view of how to turn a dissertation into a manuscript that publishers will notice. Acknowledging first that not all theses can become books, Germano shows how some dissertations might have a better life as one or more journal articles or as chapters in a newly conceived book. But even dissertations strong enough to be published as books first need to become book manuscripts, and at the heart of From Dissertation to Book is the idea that revising the dissertation is a fundamental process of adapting from one genre of writing to another. Germano offers clear guidance on how to do just this. Writers will find advice on such topics as rethinking the table of contents, taming runaway footnotes, shaping chapter length, and confronting the limitations of jargon, alongside helpful timetables for light or heavy revision. With crisp directives, engaging examples, and a sympathetic eye for the foibles of academic writing, From Dissertation to Book reveals to recent PhD's the process of careful and thoughtful revision - a truly invaluable skill as they grow into their new roles as professional writers.


This book argues that constraints of interaction from semantic evaluations enforce grammatical dependency patterns that recur across natural languages and within constructions at intra and inter sentential levels as well as discourse levels.


The current study sought to determine whether restrictive housing leads to psychological deterioration. A growth mixture modeling analysis of clinician ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale identified two classes of participants in a sample of 266 state prison inmates: A large group of prisoners whose psychological status gradually improved over the course of a year and a small group of inmates whose psychological status deteriorated over the course of a year. Inmates with a history of mental health need were significantly more likely to experience severe psychological reactions to administrative segregation (AS) than inmates with no history of mental health need, although inmates with a history of mental health need were just as likely to experience severe psychological deterioration in general population as in AS. These results indicate that psychological deterioration in mentally ill inmates may have less to do with AS than with incarceration in general.


Spatio-temporal measurements of wind-driven short-gravity capillary waves are reported for a wide range of experimental conditions, including wind, rain and surface slicks. The experiments were conducted in a linear wind wave flume and for the water surface elevation eta(x,y,t) both components of the slope field s = grad eta were measured optically. For this the color imaging slope gauge (CISG) was realized, comprising a range of wavenumbers k = sqrt(kx^2 + ky^2) from 60 to 4500 rad/m. The instrument was improved to achieve a sampling rate of 312.5 Hz, which now allows for the computation of 3D wavenumber-frequency spectra S(kx, ky, omega). Using a new calibration method it was possible to correct for the intrinsic nonlinearities of the instrument in the slope range up to ±1. In addition, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) was measured and employed for the contrast restoration of the data. The results are generally consistent with former measurements. But, the shape of the saturation spectra in the vicinity of k > 1000 rad/m stands in contradiction to former investigations where a sharp spectral cutoff (propto k^(-2) or k^(-3)) is commonly reported. The new MTF corrected spectra show just a gentle decrease (between k^(-0.5) and k^(-1)) for k >1000 rad/m, which has implications for the modeling of the energy fluxes in the wave field. Concerning the dispersion relation, a first approach for a quantitative evaluation of the wavenumber-frequency spectrum is shown. This includes estimates of the surface tension and the Doppler shift due to the surface shear flow and the wave-wave modulations. The wave measurements were accompanied by synchronized and spatially coinciding measurements of the surface temperature by means of infrared imagery. The temperature data is mapped onto an animated graphical model of the reconstructed surface elevation using a new interactive visualization tool. This allows for an investigation of intermittent small scale processes that are influencing the transfer of heat and gases at the air-water interface, such as microscale wave breaking, small scale Langmuir circulations, and the impact of rain drops.


In this article, we report the methods and flexible frameworks employed to develop, integrate, and test adaptive Agent-Based Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (AB-TTPs), in a complex training research environment. A Modeling and Simulation (MS the use-case as applied. To do so, we capitalized on the properties of complex adaptive systems and situations. Allowing for context-based modeling and ultimately an agent's ability to independently asses, test and learn new tactics. These capabilities were accomplished, through agent and system use of modularization, decomposition and/or use of the combinatorial capabilities of the agent/s, the system, and or the situation's functional properties; i.e., affordances. The development and use of a Knowledge-to-Model (k2Mod) Environment Abstraction (EA) architecture gave agent's the capacity to gain situation awareness, recognize change in their environment and react and respond appropriately. In fact, the Adaptive Agent Intelligence (AI), i.e., models used were even able to accurately predict their own performance and tune their own parameters. This method also facilitates the speed by which new agent definitions, situation parameters, agent intelligence, and ABTTPs can be developed and updated by "AI learning on the fly"; pun intended. In addition, formalizing such a protocol affords the M&S community a process that promotes portability, usability, reusability, and composability for rapid agent-based modeling development and agent intelligence based research in complex environments.


Central Java is considered potential to trigger an increase in national economic growth, the economic characteristics of Central Java is determined by agriculture, industry and trade, hotels and restaurants (PHR).Each region in Central Java has different characteristics, the western and southern regions are dominated by the agricultural sector, the northern region is dominated by PHR, while the east is dominated by the industrial sector.Based on these characteristics, it is necessary to do a spatial data-based analysis on GRDP data so that the abovephenomena are modeled based on the economic characteristics of each region and know the relation of theregion to each other in the context of the growth of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Spatial regression is one of the solutions of the above problems, this method of development of regression analysis, spatial regression not only see the global effect also see the local effect. In this study using spatial regression with lag in independent variables, this model is called spatial lag X (SLX). Data used in this research is data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2015, including data of GRDP price applies to 35 districts and cities in Central Java Province for the year 2015. Besides data of GRDP, data of factors influencing GRDP price Such as Road infrastructure data, Human Capital, and Manpower, are also used in this study. Based on the analysis result, it can be concluded that the human capital parameters give significant influence on OLS and SLX model. While in the SLX model only the weighted variable of labor has significant effect. Furthermore thebest model is shown with the highest R2 value, the SLX model produces R2 of 0.64, so the best model obtainedis the SLX model. Thus, it can be concluded that the GRDP value in a region in Central Java is influenced by the value of the human capital of the region as well as the labor of the nearest region.


The schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in close relationships, both in the family and in other interpersonal relationships, including intimate/sexual interactions, a superiority of introverted activities, emotional coldness, estrangement and flattened affect (DSM-5). This video lecture is devoted to the review of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder. In addition, the lecture examines clinical cases and an example of managing such patients.


This thesis is centered around the problem of attribute learning - using the joint effort of humans and machines to describe objects, e.g., determining that a piece of music is "soothing," that the bird in an image "has a red beak", or that Ernest Hemingway is an "Nobel Prize winning author." In this thesis, we present new methods for solving the attribute-learning problem using the joint effort of the crowd and machines via human computation games.
When creating a human computation system, typically two design objectives need to be simultaneously satisfied. The first objective is human-centric - the task prescribed by the system must be intuitive, appealing and easy to accomplish for human workers. The second objective is task-centric - the system must actually perform the task at hand. These two goals are often at odds with each other, especially in the casual game setting. This thesis shows that human computation games can accomplish both the human-centric and task-centric objectives, if we first design for humans, then devise machine learning algorithms to work around the limitations of human workers and complement their abilities in order to jointly accomplish the task of learning attributes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in three concrete problem settings: music tagging, bird image classification and noun phrase categorization.
Contributions of this thesis include a framework for attribute learning, two new game mechanisms, experiments showing the effectiveness of the hybrid human and machine computation approach for learning attributes in vocabulary-rich settings and under the constraints of knowledge limitations, as well as deployed games played by tens of thousands of people, generating large datasets for machine learning.
Keywords: Attribute Learning, Human Computation, Games with a Purpose, Machine Learning.


Background: Hospital readmissions are common, expensive, and increasingly used as a metric for assessing quality of care. The relationship between index hospitalizations and specific outcomes among those readmitted remains largely unknown. Objectives: Identify risk factors present during the index hospitalization associated with death or transition to hospice care during 30-day readmissions and examine the contribution of infection in readmissions resulting in death. Research Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 17,716 30-day readmissions in an academic health system. Measures: We used mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models to identify risk factors associated with the primary outcome, in-hospital death, or transition to hospice during 30-day readmissions. Results: Of 17,716 30-day readmissions, 1144 readmissions resulted in death or transition to hospice care (6.5%). Risk factors identified included: age, burden, and type of comorbid conditions, recent hospitalizations, nonelective index admission type, outside hospital transfer, low discharge hemoglobin, low discharge sodium, high discharge red blood cell distribution width, and disposition to a setting other than home. Sepsis (OR=1.33; 95% CI, 1.02–1.72; P=0.03) and shock (OR=1.78; 95% CI, 1.22–2.58; P=0.002) during the index admission were associated with the primary outcome, and in-hospital mortality specifically. In patients who died, infection was the primary cause for readmission in 51.6% of readmissions after sepsis and 28.6% of readmissions after a nonsepsis hospitalization (P=0.009). Conclusions: We identified factors, including sepsis and shock during the index hospitalization, associated with death or transition to hospice care during readmission. Infection was frequently implicated as the cause of a readmission that ended in death.


Sports-related activities account for an estimated 10% of head and spinal cord injuries. In recent years, concussion in particular has garnered more interest in the medical field as well as the media. Reports of athletes suffering from long-term cognitive deficits and Parkinsonian symptoms have sparked concern in a disease process that has often been underestimated or ignored. As more reports surface, the desperate need for a better understanding of the neuropathology has been made clear. In addition to the concern for acute injury, long-term sequelae such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are feared consequences of concussive injuries. Research studies have shown significant overlap in the neuropathology between CTE and chronic neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, tau protein deposition has been found to be present in both disease processes and may play an important part in the clinical findings observed. The present review discusses concussion and our curr...


Starting in early 2018, the U.S. government imposed tariffs on over $300 billion of U.S. imports from China, increasing the average tariff rate from 2.7 percent to 17.5 percent. Much of the escalation in tariffs occurred in the second and third quarters of 2019. In response, the Chinese government retaliated, increasing the average tariff applied on U.S. exports from 5.7 percent to 20.4 percent. Our new study finds that the trade war reduced U.S. investment growth by 0.3 percentage points by the end of 2019, and is expected to shave another 1.6 percentage points off of investment growth by the end of 2020. In this post, we review our study of the trade war's effect on U.S. investment.


We are going to cover three general topics in our remarks. First, we will note that what seems a simple enough term or word—namely "recovery"—covers a variety of very complex matters which need to be addressed in any practical and/or theoretical discussion about the issue. It makes a difference in consequences as to what something is called. Second, we will highlight and summarize some ten general themes from the research literature about what is known about those who are assisted in the recovery effort after disasters. There are substantial differences regarding for instance the sources of aid, the kinds of help provided, and the effects of the assistance given to victims—especially at the individual, family and household levels—in the recovery process. Third, we will conclude with a few briefer comments about what the research literature says about those who give or provide recovery assistance in the aftermath of a disaster. The givers or providers are somewhat different and have more complex problems than usually recognized.


Background. Children and adolescents can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a range of traumatic events, including domestic, political or community violence, violent crime, physical and sexual abuse, hijacking, witnessing a violent crime and motor vehicle accidents. This is particularly critical given the substantial challenge that PTSD poses to the healthy physical, cognitive and emotional development of children and adolescents. Methods. The clinical records of 1 229 children (age 2 - 11 years) and adolescents (age 12 - 18 years) treated at the Child Mental Health Unit of the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) were screened for the diagnosis of PTSD and analysed for the purpose of this study. Results. Forty-nine (4.0%) of the children and adolescents treated at the unit were diagnosed with PTSD, of whom most were female (63.3%). Approximately 22% of the participants had comorbid major depressive disorder. The main traumatic event in both groups was witnessing the death of a close relative (32.7%), followed by sexual assault (25%), rape (25%) and physical attack (10.2%). Associated stressors identified included problems at school (55.1%), isolation (39%), fear or anxiety (37%), problematic family relationships (29%), emotional (27%) and physical (23%) abuse, and lack of social support (23%). Most of the participants (59.2%) received psychotherapy. Conclusions. Children and adolescents referred to the FSPC are also exposed to traumatic events which lead to the development of PTSD. The Free State is a sprawling province with remote areas where specialist services and facilities are limited. It is therefore recommended that preventive programmes, training opportunities and consultation services are implemented to identify and treat children and adolescents with PTSD. Schools with limited access to psychological services and large classrooms, impeding the diagnosis and treatment of PTSD specifically, face similar challenges. Reinforcement of professional services and the upgrading of facilities will decrease the burden on the Child Mental Health Unit, but will require collaborative efforts from role players such as the National Departments of Health and Education.


One of the key jargons of contemporary democracy is good governance, which entails social justice, effective, responsible, and transparent administrative machinery. In the same way, social and political maladies such as corruption, nepotism, favoritism, ethnicity, and flagrant abuse of power were ostracized in the system. Those terms, are usually echoed in Nigeria by politicians and their cohorts rhetorically in the media, with almost nothing to show in practice. Consequently, the faith of Nigerians is being eroded in the successive Nigerian governments as all promises to improve their lots and living standards remain a mirage. However, a little reflection and appreciation of the polity that was attained on the Nigerian soil in the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century (i.e., the Sokoto Caliphate) represents encouraging historical evidence and legacy of good governance, that will help Nigeria in the current derive for nation building and sustainable development. It is the submission of this paper that, some of the mechanism deviced and employed by the Sokoto Caliphate in uniting its diversed citizens through equity, social justice, transparency and accountability for one-hundred years, if studied and utilized will help the Nigerian state, as well as other developing nations in the Muslim World and beyond to address their present political quandary. This also shows that the Shari'ah –Islamic Law, as demonstrated by the Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th century entails laudable developmental programs, innovative initiatives for welfare packages, and assured rights and freedom for the citizens.


In this letter, the ambipolar transport properties of graphene flakes have been used to fabricate full-wave signal rectifiers and frequency-doubling devices. By correctly biasing an ambipolar graphene field-effect transistor in common-source configuration, a sinusoidal voltage applied to the transistor gate is rectified at the drain electrode. Using this concept, frequency multiplication of a 10-kHz input signal has been experimentally demonstrated. The spectral purity of the 20-kHz output signal is excellent, with more than 90% of the radio-frequency power in the 20-kHz frequency. This high efficiency, combined with the high electron mobility of graphene, makes graphene-based frequency multipliers a very promising option for signal generation at ultrahigh frequencies.


The aim of this work was to improve the utility of hollow fibre bioreactors (HFB) for the growth of clinically applicable cell populations by improving initial rates of cell attachment using a novel dynamic seeding methods, and to investigate their use as a novel cell encapsulation device for the delivery of cell therapies to infarcted heart tissue. Cardiac cell therapies starting are traditionally administered by direct injection or intravenous infusion to a target area in the heart. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a cell therapy and can be isolated from a patient's adipose tissue surrounding the heart, allowing 812,800 ± 318,400 cells to be harvested; however this population requires expansion to a minimum of 50 million cells to be an effective traditionally administered dose in humans. Hollow fibre bioreactors have shown to offer the highest rates of MSC growth compared to other bioreactor designs, owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and their ability to provide the cells with a low shear environment that can emulate in vivo conditions. However, a concern with using HFBs is the relatively low rates of initial cell attachment, with authors observing rates around 20%. At this rate of attachment and with an initial population of 812,800 ± 318,400 cells, it would take 12.6 ± 5.2 days to grow 50 million MSCs in a HFB. For use as a medical intervention the MSCs must be grown as soon as possible, and to ensure this the efficiency of cell seeding on the external hollow fibre surface must be as high as possible. In an attempt to improve rates of initial cell attachment Chapter 4 illustrated how dynamic seeding can allow additional opportunities for a given cell to make contact with hollow fibres contained in a bioreactor. MG63 human osteosarcoma cells were used as an alternative cell type due to their lower cost and increased resilience over a greater number of passages. Static horizontal seeding of MG63 cells on single fibre bioreactors provided 18% ± 16% cell attachment confirming values found in literature, however dynamic attachment on horizontally orientated multi fibre bioreactors rotating at 6 RPM offered improved attachment of 39% ± 12%, double the rate of static attachment. At this improved rate of cell attachment, it would now take 11.2 ± 4.7 days to grow 50 million cells, 1.4 days quicker than before. This novel approach to HFB seeding will lead to quicker administration of medical treatments for patients. While traditional delivery methods have shown to improve heart function, the active dose retained at the wound site is around 2%, much lower than that actually administered. Cells can be ejected from the insertion site due to heart contractions, and doses contained in the bloodstream become highly diluted. Engineered alternatives include cellular sheets, cell-loaded sutures, and cell encapsulation within hydrogels. However, each of these have their own inherent limitations, with cellular sheets demonstrating poor rates of migration into infarct site, cells on suture surfaces shearing away when sown into a wound site, and cells in hydrogels suffering from poor initial rates of engraftment. Hollow fibres made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were further investigated for use as an engineered cell delivery vector, with cells seeded within the hollow fibre lumen, allowing cells to be protected during implantation, biodegrade, and provide a concentrated cell dose at a wound site. Hollow fibre scaffolds have been used as a delivery device for encapsulation of pharmaceuticals, but never for encapsulation of cells in this manner. Chapter 5 investigates the development of a hollow fibre with internal and external surface porosity, which allowed passive permeation of liquid through its structure from one side to the other. Manufacturing a hollow fibre using NaCl porogen at 60% the weight of PLGA resulted in pores 4 – 6 μm in diameter, which provided the desired liquid permeation characteristics and a flux of 6.6 m3m-2h-1bar-1 (± 77%). Chapter 6 sought to encapsulate a population of MG63 cells within the lumen of the hollow fibre, fed by permeation of media flowing in the extracapillary space (ECS), and investigate the viability of cells over a 6 day time course. Studies revealed that the cells became non-viable after 24 hours as a result of poor rates of dissolved oxygen permeation. Subsequent modelling of the system showed that an increased ECS flow rate of a 1.49 mL/min should provide sufficient dissolved oxygen to sustain a population of 100,000 cells in this system. This work demonstrates a vital first step in exploring a potential evolution in cell delivery, with further investigation required to fully explore the viability of hollow fibre devices for cell encapsulation.


Is sex work (specifically, prostitution) vulnerable to technological unemployment? Several authors have argued that it is. They claim that the advent of sophisticated sexual robots will lead to the displacement of human prostitutes, just as, say, the advent of sophisticated manufacturing robots have displaced many traditional forms of factory labour. But are they right? In this article, I critically assess the argument that has been made in favour of this displacement hypothesis. Although I grant the argument a degree of credibility, I argue that the opposing hypothesis -- that prostitution will be resilient to technological unemployment -- is also worth considering. Indeed, I argue that increasing levels of technological unemployment in other fields may well drive more people into the sex work industry. Furthermore, I argue that no matter which hypothesis you prefer -- displacement or resilience -- you can make a good argument for the necessity of a basic income guarantee, either as an obvious way to correct for the precarity of sex work, or as a way to disincentivise those who may be drawn to prostitution.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated risk factors in Mexican adults aged 20 years or older, using data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The ENSANUT 2006 was conducted between October 2005 and May 2006. Questionnaires were administered to 45 446 adult subjects aged 20 years or older who were residents from urban and rural areas. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained from all subjects and fasting blood specimens were provided by 30% of participants. We randomly selected a sub-sample of 6 613 from which laboratory measurements were carried out for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. For this analysis, we included only results from eight or more hours of fasting samples (n=6 021). We used individual weighted factors in the statistical analysis and considered the survey's complex sampling design to obtain variances and confidence intervals. All analyses were done using SPSS 15.0.

RESULTS
In accordance with definitions by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence of MS in Mexican adults aged 20 years or older was 36.8, 41.6 and 49.8%, respectively. Women were more affected than men due to the higher prevalence of central obesity among females. Prevalence of MS increased with age and was higher among populations living in metropolitan areas, in the west-central region, and those with lower education.

DISCUSSION
Regardless of the MS definition, a large proportion of Mexican adults has the condition, so preventive measures are needed to decrease the prevalence of the MS components in this population. MS can predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, two of the main causes of death in the adult population in Mexico. The intentional search of MS components allows stratifying the population according to risk levels. Treatment for each component should be implemented properly to prevent or delay onset of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


The development of sustainable tidal power generation schemes is contingent upon demonstrating the environmental compatibility of this technology. Among the environmental uncertainties is the effect that the noise generated by tidal turbines might have on fish and marine mammals. Consequently, it is desirable to better understand these interactions through pilot‐scale monitoring before commercial‐ scale deployments are undertaken. Effective monitoring plans must account for the extent of noise and the potential for this noise to cause detectable changes. This study presents a case study for a proposed pilot project that synthesizes available measurements of turbine noise and underwater ambient noise to evaluate the effectiveness of studies to characterize turbine noise and the marine mammal response to this noise. Because both turbine noise and ambient noise vary in time, the description is probabilistic. The time distribution of turbine noise is derived from measurements of a similar tidal turbine and convolved with the time distribution of ambient noise in the proposed project area. Results suggest that characterizing turbine noise and studying marine mammal responsiveness at this location will be challenging due to existing ambient noise associated with high vessel traffic density and sediment transport. The case study provides instructive guidance for high‐priority data needs and an analysis framework for evaluating acoustic effects of tidal energy projects.


The present study is an effort to focus on the nature and process of spatial labour mobility in case of informal sector occupations. In this sense, the study objects to detect the factors that determine labour mobility processes and their influences on the processes. To reveal this, the study is confined to a particular informal sector occupation, namely the Gems and Jewellery industry. For this, the study has selected a specific site, i.e. Domjur in Howrah district, due to its significant position in the map of migration in West Bengal. The study further attempts to detect whether spatial migration in Domjur shows a J-Curve effect in migration. To reveal this, the logical argumentation of the study is based upon literature support, case studies conducted, and the sample survey results. The micro-level field studies, sampling design and data analysis are based on the standard model approach in order to avoid spatial homogeneity.


Divergence in land carbon cycle simulation is persistent and widespread. Regardless of model intercomparison project, results from individual models diverge significantly from each other and, in consequence, from reference datasets. Here we link model spread to structure using a 15-member ensemble of land surface models from the Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as a test case. Our analysis uses functional benchmarks and model structure as predicted by model skill in a machine learning framework to isolate discrete aspects of model structure associated with divergence. We also quantify how initial conditions prejudice present-day model outcomes after centennial-scale transient simulations. Overall, the functional benchmark and machine learning exercises emphasize the importance of ecosystem structure in correctly simulating carbon and water cycling, highlight uncertainties in the structure of carbon pools, and advise against hard parametric limits on ecosystem function. We also find that initial conditions explain 90% of variation in global satellite-era values—initial conditions largely predetermine transient endpoints, historical environmental change notwithstanding. As MsTMIP prescribes forcing data and spin-up protocol, the range in initial conditions and high levels of predetermination are also structural. Our results suggest that methodological tools linking divergence to discrete aspects of model structure would complement current community best practices in model development.


Inappropriate student behaviour has a direct influence on teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy and their emotional wellbeing. Research suggests that teachers' perceptions of what constitutes inappropriate student behaviour and their responses vary widely from one cultural context to another, from school to school within similar contexts, and can even vary from classroom to classroom within a school. This study investigated the viewpoints of primary schoolteachers in Bangladesh regarding inappropriate student behaviour and how they responded to students they perceived to be behaving inappropriately in their classrooms. This study also investigated variables that potentially influence teachers' intentions to teach students who display inappropriate behaviour in their classrooms. This study was conducted in two phases using mixed methods design. Phase 1 was qualitative in nature. Its purpose was to investigate teachers' understanding and responses with regard to inappropriate student behaviour. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 teachers from six government primary schools located in one district. Thematic analysis technique was employed to analyse interview data. Themes arising from qualitative analysis contributed to the development of two questionnaires for Phase 2: Teacher' Attitudes toward Students' Inappropriate Behaviour, and Perceived School Support for Teaching Students Displaying Inappropriate Behaviour. Phase 2 was conducted using quantitative research design. Its purpose was to examine teachers' attitudes, efficacy beliefs and perceived level of support regarding inappropriate student behaviour, and to understand factors influencing their intentions to teach students whose behaviour is inappropriate in the regular classroom. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) was used as a conceptual framework to understand the relationships of teachers' attitudes, efficacy beliefs, perceived support and intentions. A five-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the participants (n = 1090 teachers) from 263 government primary schools located in three subdistricts in one educational region. A cross-sectional survey consisting of five parts including four scales (e.g. teachers' attitudes, efficacy beliefs, perceived support and intentions) and a demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings indicated that inappropriate student behaviour was conceptualised by the majority of teachers as 'deviant', 'intentional', 'unacceptable' and 'unlikely to change'. A list of eight behaviours was identified by teachers as inappropriate (e.g. 'complaining against peers' and 'lack of respect for teacher'), some of which have not been reported by previous research. It was found that the majority of teachers seemed to be largely unaware of positive approaches to responding to inappropriate student behaviour. Teachers' perceptions, understanding and responses regarding inappropriate behaviour still seemed to be based on the previous disciplinary model, which has recently been removed from schools. A feeling of helplessness emerged from teachers' views for not being able to use punitive strategies to address inappropriate student behaviour in the classroom. The findings of this study also revealed that primary schoolteachers held slightly positive attitudes, moderately high levels of efficacy beliefs and perceived slightly low levels of support regarding students who display inappropriate behaviour in the classroom. Level of training satisfaction as one of eight background variables was found to be a significant predictor of teachers' attitudes and perceived school support. This study further revealed that attitudes and efficacy beliefs appeared to be significant predictors of teachers' intentions to teach students who exhibit inappropriate behaviour in classrooms. All three predictive variables (attitudes, efficacy beliefs and perceived support) accounted for 59% of the variance in teachers' intentions. This study has implications for policy makers and university educators as well as school educators as to how teachers can be better prepared for addressing inappropriate student behaviour in classrooms. Findings regarding predictive variables indicate that attitudes and efficacy variables are interrelated. Proper training is thereby warranted for both pre-service and in-service teachers. Findings also indicated that teachers having higher levels of satisfaction regarding training appeared to hold significantly higher levels of attitudes toward inappropriate student behaviour compared to those with lover levels of satisfaction. The training variable needs to be further investigated thoroughly. One suggestion might be that evidence based positive approach can be incorporated in existing training curricula to see how it impacts on teachers to address inappropriate student behaviour in the regular classroom in Bangladesh.


"Queer Things" takes the connections between
homosexuality and materiality, and those between literary texts and
cultural objects, as major repositories of queer history. It
scrutinizes the objects that circulate within the works of Oscar
Wilde as well as in the output of high fashion designers and the
critics and consumers who engaged with them, in order to ask how
gay identities and affiliations are formed and expressed through
things. Bringing recent critical interest in the subtleties of
nineteenth-century "thing culture" into contact with queer theory,
I argue that the crowded Victorian object-world was a crucial
location not only for the formation of social attitudes about
homosexuality, but also for the cultivation of homosexuality's
distinctive aesthetics and affective styles. In attending to the
queer pleasures activated by material attachments that have
otherwise been deployed or disavowed as stereotypes, my project
reconsiders some of the most celebrated works of the gay canon, and
inserts into it some compelling new ones. Furthermore, in
illuminating the Victorian origins of modern gay style and the
incipiently modern gayness of Victorian style, it adds nuance and
new substance to our understanding of the elaborate material
landscapes inhabited by Victorian bodies and represented in
Victorian texts. The first part of the dissertation uses extensive
archival research to excavate a history of queer men's involvement
in women's fashion in the mid-nineteenth century. In the first
chapter, juxtaposing accounts of the famous Boulton and Park drag
scandal with a simultaneously emerging genre of overwrought fashion
criticism, I argue that an (over)investment in fashionable objects
and a detailed knowledge of fashionability became important sites
for the develop of gay-effeminate social styles. The second chapter
positions Charles Worth, founder of the modern system of haute
couture, as the progenitor of a queer species of cross-gendered,
non-heterosexual relations between male high-fashion designers and
female clients. Though they are not based on same-sex eroticism, I
argue that these relations deserve consideration as queer. The
second part of the dissertation considers the representational
functions of objects in several works across the career of Oscar
Wilde. The third chapter presents a reading of De Profundis,
Wilde's infamously hard-to-read prison letter, which focuses on how
the text interweaves anxieties about the transmission of material
objects into its complex affective structure. The fourth chapter
considers the effects of the risky but irresistible attractions of
that letter's addressee, the widely-loathed Bosie Douglas, on
Wilde's aesthetic practice. Juxtaposing Bosie's charms with those
of Algernon Moncrieff in The Importance of Being Earnest, and then
moving to the little-read letters which document the final
post-prison years of Wilde's life, I suggest that the frustrating
states of intemperance and indolence become sites, for Wilde, of
erotic excitement, artistic innovation, and political…