WARLORD: A Life of Winston Churchill at War, 1874-1945, Carlo D'Este, HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 864 pages, 2008, $39.95. Carlo D'Este's outstanding biography is a vivid profile of Winston Churchill, warts and all, a great man seemingly born and bred for war. Churchill was fascinated by all things military from his early years and invigorated by military training (Sandhurst), by combat experiences as a young man in India and Sudan, and exposure to combat as a war correspondent in the Boer War. He was also First Lord of the Admiralty prior to and during the first part of World War I, and after political disgrace resulting from the Dardanelles failure, was a fully engaged regimental commander in Belgium in 1916. He returned as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1939 and became prime minister of England in May 1940. In February 1915, just prior to the Dardanelles and Gallipoli, Churchill said to Violet Asquith, "I think a curse should rest on me--because I love this war. I know it's smashing and shattering the lives of thousands every moment--and yet--I can't help it--I enjoy every second of it." D'Este describes a war leader who, if he could have done so, would have fought in the trenches, led soldiers in combat, commanded a theater of war, planned strategy and disposition of forces, and led the nation, all at once. Churchill's desire to fill every military role and to experience every adventure of war was as far from ordinary egoism as the spirit of self-sacrifice is from mystical intuition. Churchill's instinct was toward total identification and absorption in all aspects of the conduct of the war. D'Estes' Churchill is a difficult, not very likeable child and youth, emotionally neglected by his mercurial father and beautiful mother. Churchill's father had a low opinion of his son's abilities, believed he lacked the intellectual capacity for law, and was exasperated by his son's refusal to apply himself to his studies or stay out of scrapes with other boys and school authorities. Churchill left his adolescence with narcissistic wounds; from an early age he craved honor, glory, position, and influence, as well as riches. He lived well beyond his means throughout his life. He found acceptance at Sandhurst and applied himself to learning his profession. He was a superb and fearless horseman and an outstanding polo player. In addition, at Sandhurst he was in his element. Nevertheless, Churchill was always a difficult person who acted as if rules were made for other people: in his 20s he was ambitious, opportunistic, and self-serving. When he became an author and war correspondent, Churchill infuriated military leaders with his critical judgments of British ineptitude in the Sudan and Boer Wars. "Infuriating" is a term that appears frequently in authorities' reactions to Churchill's behaviors as a youth and young man. …


Abstract. The global ocean–climate system has been highly sensitive to the formation and advection of deep overflow water from the Nordic Seas as integral part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) but its evolution over the Pliocene–Pleistocene global cooling is not fully understood. In particular, changes in the sources and mixing of prevailing deep waters that were involved in driving overturning throughout the Pliocene–Pleistocene climate transitions are not well constrained. Here we investigate the evolution of a substantial deep southward return overflow of the AMOC over the last 4 million years. We present new records of the bottom-water radiogenic neodymium isotope (vNd) variability obtained from three sediment cores (DSDP site 610 and ODP sites 980/981 and 900) at water depths between 2170 and 5050 m in the northeast Atlantic. We find that prior to the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG) ∼3 million years ago (Ma), vNd values primarily oscillated between −9 and −11 at all sites, consistent with enhanced vertical mixing and weak stratification of the water masses during the warmer-than-today Pliocene period. From 2.7 Ma to ∼2.0 Ma, the vNd signatures of the water masses gradually became more distinct, which documents a significant advection of Nordic Seas overflow deep water coincident with the intensification of NHG. Most markedly, however, at ∼1.6 Ma the interglacial vNd signatures at sites 610 (2420 m water depth (w.d.)) and 980/981 (2170 m w.d.) synchronously and permanently shifted by 2 to 3 vNd units to less radiogenic values, respectively. Since then the difference between glacial and interglacial vNd values has been similar to the Late Quaternary at each site. A decrease of ∼2vNd units at 1.6 Ma was also recorded for the deepest water masses by site 900 (∼5050 m w.d.), which thereafter, however, evolved to more radiogenic values again until the present. This major vNd change across the 1.6 Ma transition reflects a significant reorganization of the overturning circulation in the northeast Atlantic paving the way for the more stratified water column with distinct water masses prevailing thereafter.


My goal here is twofold: First, I wish to make a plea for the relevance of moral considerations in debates about immigration. Too often, immigration debates are conducted solely from the standpoint of "what is good for us," without regard for the justifiability of immigration policies to those excluded. Second, I wish to offer a standpoint that demonstrates why one should think of immigration as a moral problem that must be considered in the context of global justice. More specifically, I will argue that the earth belongs to humanity in common and that this matters for assessing immigration policy. The case I will be particularly interested in is immigration into the United States, where immigration policy continues to be a hotly debated topic. The approach of this paper implies that illegal immigrants should be naturalized and more widespread immigration should be permitted. However, that discussion takes the form of a case study: the relevant considerations apply generally.


Although there are no previous descriptions of the habits of chirostylids in the North Atlantic, it is likely that species in the genera Uroptychus , Eumunida and Gastroptychus have close ecological ties with deep-sea corals since they have all been recorded in trawl samples containing corals from . 200 m depth. We analysed in situ distribution of Gastroptychus formosus and potential hosts using a ROV at a range of north-eastern Atlantic sites and found that this species forms a close association with deep-sea corals that resembles the chirostylid–anthozoan associations reported in shallow Indo-Pacific waters. We update the known distribution for G. formosus , confirming that it is an amphiatlantic species that occurs along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at least as far south as the Azores and along continental margins from the Canary Islands to Scotland at depths of 600–1700 m. The adults have very specific habitat preferences, being only found on gorgonian and anti-patharian corals with a strong preference for Leiopathes sp. as a host. This highly restricted habitat preference is likely to render chirostylids vulnerable to the impacts of demersal fishing both directly, as by-catch, and indirectly through habitat loss.


Rapid advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) indicate that they are becoming increasingly complex. Consequently users and applications are becoming more demanding. Due to unique characteristics of WSNs, like small dimensions and limited resources and capabilities, Energy consumption is imposed as one of the key factors. WSNs are becoming the primary research field for many researchers. Because of some hardware problems, especially with respect to energy supply and miniaturization, Energy efficiency is a major concern in WSNs. As sensor nodes are typically battery powered, the energy usages has to be carefully managed in order to prolong the lifetime of the system. This paper gives an overview of Energy efficient protocol for WSNs. It can provide efficient saving of energy that appropriately takes into account. Entire sensor nodes are battery powered devices. Energy consumption of nodes during transmission or reception of packets affects the lifetime of the entire network. To make routing, energy efficient protocols like LEACH and PEGASIS were developed. Different routing protocols are compared based on metrics such as mobility support, stability, overlapping sensor size, cost, power, routing and capacity of wireless networks. The study concludes with the recommendations to the future direction in the energy efficiency model for the sensor networks. Keywords— WSN, LEACH, LEACH-C, LEACH-L, PEGASIS, TEEN, APTEEN, CH, metrics, routing.


The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of 87 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GC-R Ec) from bloodstream infections in Denmark from 2009. Sixty-eight of the 87 isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, whereas 17 isolates featured AmpC mutations only (without a coexpressed ESBL enzyme) and 2 isolates were producing CMY-22. The majority (82%) of the ESBL-producing isolates in our study were CTX-M-15 producers and primarily belonged to phylogroup B2 (54.4%) or D (23.5%). Further, one of the two CMY-22-producing isolates belonged to B2, whereas only few of the other AmpCs isolates belonged to B2 and D. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that both clonal and nonclonal spread of 3GC-R Ec occurred. ST131 was detected in 50% of ESBL-producing isolates. The remaining ESBL-producing isolates belonged to 17 other sequence types (STs), including several other internationally spreading STs (e.g., ST10, ST69, and ST405). The majority (93%) of the ESBL-producing isolates and one of the CMY-22-producing isolates were multiresistant. In conclusion, 3GC-R in bacteriaemic E. coli in Denmark was mostly due to ESBL production, overexpression of AmpC, and to a lesser extent to plasmid-mediated AmpC. The worldwide disseminated CTX-M-15-ST131 was strongly represented in this collection of Danish, bacteriaemic E. coli isolates.


Enclosed within a larger project on the variation experienced by the English language in its recent history, the paper explores the use of indirect speech acts of refutation and denial in speech-related Modern-English texts. The corpus employed contains trial proceedings from the period 1560–1760, and the conclusions drawn from its analysis provide an interesting insight into the possibility of characterising this particular group of illocutionary forces, in the particular context of trials, during the Modern-English period. The study also points to the possibility of comparing the uses and values of indirect speech acts in Modern-English and Present-Day English trials, tracing any possible course of evolution and/or change.


We investigate the micro-level determinants of labor force participation of urban married women in eight low- and middle-income economies: Bolivia, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Jordan, South Africa, Tanzania, and Vietnam. In order to understand what drives changes and differences in participation rates since the early 2000s, we build a unified empirical framework that allows for comparative analyses across time and space. We find that the coefficients of women's characteristics differ substantially across countries, and this explains most of the between-country differences in participation rates. In particular, the relationship between a woman's education and her participation in the labor force varies from being positive and linear (Brazil and South Africa) to being U- or J-shaped (India, Jordan, and Indonesia), or a mixture of both (Bolivia, Vietnam, and Tanzania). Overall, the economic, social, and institutional constraints that shape women's labor force participation remain largely country-specific. Nonetheless, rising education levels and declining fertility consistently increased participation rates, while rising household incomes contributed negatively in relatively poorer countries, suggesting that a substantial share of women work out of economic necessity.


A test program for the Hybrid-Composite Beam (HCB) was conducted prior to its use for the replacement of a skewed, simply-supported bridge (Tide Mill Bridge). The HCB is an innovative combination of conventional materials and ideas in a structural beam. The beam consists of a concrete arch tied with prestressing strand that is placed within a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) box. Behavior in individual HCB's and a three HCB-system was examined to determine the appropriateness of the current design methodology developed by John Hillman and the simplifying assumptions made within it. Such assumptions include strain compatibility and linear-elastic behavior. Three HCB's were tested at the structures laboratory at Virginia Tech. During individual beam tests, the predicted behavior of the FRP box and prestressing strand agreed with experimental results. The tests revealed the arch was susceptible to local bending and behaved far differently from predicted. Overall, the beams were shown to behave linearly. A final test was performed to apply the design live load to the system. Slight non-linear behavior was observed in the beams. Distribution factors for the system were also investigated and compared to AASHTO and Hillman's model. AASHTO factors were conservative for exterior girders but unconservative for interior girders. Hillman's factors were often conservative but were in agreement for the shear in the exterior girder. The current design procedure appeared to predict FRP and strand behavior well, but the behavior of the arch appeared to differ greatly from the other components of the HCB.


The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (1974) requires that states receiving U.S. federal funds directed at child abuse implement mandated reporting laws. As a result, all states have adopted legislation requiring teachers and other professionals who deal with children to report suspicions of child abuse. The federal mandate for such reporting laws assumes that teachers will have the capability to fulfill their role as mandated reporters. However, prior research suggests that educators do not always report their suspicions of child abuse to child protective services. Using survey data from a sample of teachers trained by the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education, this study investigated whether teachers are currently prepared for their role as mandated reporters. Prior research had found that mandated reporters vary in the level to which they comply with reporting policies. This study assessed the potential factors accounting for variations in teachers' reporting behaviors. Results from this study based on linear regression analysis and structural equation models confirmed that teachers do not always report their suspicions of child abuse and do not feel well prepared for their role as mandated reporters. Neither the factors articulated in the Integrated Model of Behavior (attitudes toward reporting abuse, self-efficacy beliefs, and social norms) nor the common elements addressed by education and training programs (knowledge of mandated reporting law, indicators of abuse, and reporting procedure) predicted teachers' likelihood of reporting abuse. Exposure to information on mandated reporting or child abuse was related to increased knowledge of mandated reporting law and reporting procedures, but was not predictive of reporting of suspicions of child abuse. Having a school procedure for reporting abuse was predictive of likelihood of reporting physical and sexual abuse. Findings from this study suggest that many teachers are not equipped for their role as mandated reporters. Yet, the findings also suggest that providing information about mandated reporting or child abuse is not sufficient for ensuring compliance with mandated reporting laws. Further experimentation in practice and additional research is needed to identify factors that promote the reporting of educators' suspicions of child abuse to child protective services. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Education First Advisor Rebecca A. Maynard This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/57 Second Advisor Peter Kuriloff Third Advisor Margaret E. Goertz


PURPOSE
To assess the longitudinal evolution of tactical behaviors used to medal in men's 800-m Olympic Games (OG) or world-championship (WC) events in the recent competition era (2000-2016).

METHODS
Thirteen OG and WC events were characterized for 1st- and 2nd-lap splits using available footage from YouTube. Positive pacing strategies were defined as a faster 1st lap. Season's best 800-m time and world ranking, reflective of an athlete's "peak condition," were obtained to determine relationships between adopted tactics and physical condition prior to the championships. Seven championship events provided coverage of all medalists to enable determination of average 100-m speed and sector pacing of medalists.

RESULTS
From 2011 onward, 800-m OG and WC medalists showed a faster 1st lap by 2.2 ± 1.1 s (mean, ±90% confidence limits; large difference, very likely), contrasting a possibly faster 2nd lap from 2000 to 2009 (0.5, ±0.4 s; moderate difference). A positive pacing strategy was related to a higher world ranking prior to the championships (r = .94, .84-.98; extremely large, most likely). After 2011, the fastest 100-m sector from 800-m OG and WC medalists was faster than before 2009 by 0.5, ±0.2 m/s (large difference, most likely).

CONCLUSIONS
A secular change in tactical racing behavior appears evident in 800-m championships; since 2011, medalists have largely run faster 1st laps and have faster 100-m sector-speed requirements. This finding may be pertinent for training, tactical preparation, and talent identification of athletes preparing for 800-m running at OGs and WCs.


Few studies have assessed the epidemiology of hallucinogenic substance use among racial and ethnic groups of varying age cohorts. Use of psychedelic substances may differ among people of color (POC), due to factors such as stigma and discriminatory drug enforcement practices against POC. The lack of inclusion of POC in psychedelic research further underscores the importance of identifying differences in use among racial/ethnic groups and age cohorts.Data from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) was used for this analysis (N = 56,313, unweighted), representative of the non-institutionalized U.S. population. Proportions of lifetime hallucinogen use by race/ethnicity were compared. Proportions of past year rates of use were compared to examine differences by race/ethnicity and age cohort.Approximately 15.9% of the U.S. population over 12 had used a hallucinogen at some point in their lifetime and 2.0% had used in the past year. Lifetime hallucinogen use was most prevalent among non-Hispanic White and multi-racial individuals, while Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of use. White and multi-racial groups also reported the highest proportions of past year use among 12–34 year olds, and White individuals reported the highest proportions among 35–49 year olds. Hispanic individuals reported higher proportions of use among the 12–17 cohort, but lower proportions among the 26–49 year old cohorts. Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of past year use among the 12–25 year old cohorts. 50+ and older cohorts reported the lowest rates of hallucinogen use in the past year.Data is cross-sectional and self-reported. "Race" is a social construction is subject to change over time, and NSDUH ethnoracial categories are limited. Institutionalized populations are not included in the study.Significant differences in hallucinogen use among ethnoracial groups by substance and age cohorts were observed. Findings from this work may inform education, interventions, and therapeutic psychedelic research.


The first demonstration of a large-scale physical simulation of the interaction among water, a thin elastic surface, and a rope in real time. The simulation allows the user to look at and interact with the bursting water balloon through a 4000fps high-speed camera. The target location of the bullet can be chosen with the mouse. The user can also manipulate the camera and switch to "bullet time" mode, in which the simulation is slowed down to 1/8 of the frame rate. The objects in the scene are represented by 250,000 particles and simulated using the NVIDIA unified solver Flex. An additional set of 512,000 diffuse particles is added as spray and small droplets. The balloon is modeled with a cloth mesh of particles linked with distance constraints, while the water particles are simulated with a position-based fluid method. The bullet is represented by particles grouped with a shape-matching constraint. The demonstration shows results for three different bullet-hit locations, which cause dramatically different balloon explosions and water splashes.


Background: In Japan, patients undergoing dialysis (HD) are increasing every year, and the number has reached 329,609 at the end of 2016. Out of them, 26,313 patients were undergoing longterm HD (LHD; 20 or more years), which is 8.3% of the total number. The number of renal transplantation (RTx) was 1,648 in 2016, 1,471 for living donor RTx (LRTx) and 177 for deceased donor RTx (DRTx). Moreover, in Japan, DRTx did not increase, while the number of patients enrolled in the waiting list for DRTx reached approximately 13,000. Due to this discrepancy, the mean waiting period of DRTx is approximately 17 years, and many patients waiting for DRTx have no choice but to choose LRTx. LHD patients are at a risk of serious morbidity and mortality from the various complications of HD, which hamper outcomes of RTx. Patients and methods: This study was designed to investigate the results of RTx in LHD patients. Ninety patients underwent RTx between May 2006 and December 2017, of which 14 patients were in the LHD group. The most important surgical problem in RTx of the patients on LHD is a contracted disuse bladder (CDB). Its incidence was 42.9% (6 out of 14 patients) in LHD group and 5.3% (4 out of 76 patients) in non-LHD group respectively, significantly higher in non-LHD group than in non-LHD group(p=0.02). Results: All of patients with a CDB underwent ureteroureterostomy. Patients on LHD showed significantly lower graft survival and patient survival rate than those on non-LHD (LHD: 8/14, 57.1% vs. non-LHD: 62/76, 81.6%, p=0.02 and LHD: 12/14, 85.7% vs. non- LHD: 73/76, 96.1%, p=0.004). Conclusion: Preoperative evaluation and perioperative countermeasures are required in LHD patients.


By taking the lab into the studio, the artist describes in this article the first use of industrial chemical dyes with his paintings or dye-paintings. A brief explanation of this technique in art and the production process is given, together with a short introduction and history on chemical dyes, their toxicity and pigments.


The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's (FMCSA's) safety goal is to reduce the number and severity of commercial motor vehicle fatalities and crashes. During the last several years, FMCSA has collaborated with the trucking industry to test, evaluate, and facilitate the deployment of several onboard safety systems for commercial motor vehicles to increase the safety of all roadway users. The purpose of this report is to evaluate costs and benefits for industry associated with lane departure warning systems that can reduce large-truck lane departure crashes. The analysis described herein indicates that combination and single-unit vehicles with lane departure warning systems will help to prevent lane-departure crashes. Motor carriers purchasing this technology will likely see net positive returns on investments within a five-year product lifecycle for the crash types and operating scenarios described in this report.


After collecting a data base of fingerprint images, we design a neural network algorithm for fingerprint recognition. When presented with a pair of fingerprint images, the algorithm outputs an estimate of the probability that the two images originate from the same finger. In one experiment, the neural network is trained using a few hundred pairs of images and its performance is subsequently tested using several thousand pairs of images originated from a subset of the database corresponding to 20 individuals. The error rate currently achieved is less than 0.5%. Additional results, extensions, and possible applications are also briefly discussed.


The fast rise time of output voltage pulses (dv/dt) in PWM multi-level inverters (MLI) is one of the major factors of the increase of electromagnetic interference EMI and the shortness of motor useful life. Moreover, irregular voltage pulses, which only appear for critical modulation indexes, can deepen this interference phenomenon. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive hysteresis dead-band (AHDB)-based space vector PWM (SVPWM) method for MLI. The proposed scheme is developed for multilevel cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters. In the proposed strategy, general dwell-time equations were derived to achieve the SVPWM for any n-level inverter. Moreover, the dwell-times calculation was made easy by using only two parameters defining regions for a given sector. Furthermore, to remove all irregular pulses from the output voltage, the dead-band of the hysteresis was made variable. Both theoretical analyses and simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The article provides an examination of how adoption files, or expedientes, have "fissured" the legality of transnational adoption processes in Guatemala. By focusing on declarations and disclaimers as an entry point to explore controversies over adoption files, the article argues that files point to the "prior" histories of adoption that are intimately connected to local histories of violence in the country. Through the analysis of the politics inherent in these legal documents, and the legal frameworks regulating the production of adoption paperwork, the article offers a critical insight into the extra-judicial processes and forms of "exceptionalism" that made transnational adoptions possible in the thirty-year period between 1977 and 2007. At the same time, the analysis of declarations and disclaimers brings to light how the technologies of their production allow the emergence of "anti-social affects" that saturate, and internally disrupt, transnational adoption files. The article proposes a critical, "anti-social" analysis of international adoption, by illuminating the problems that come from taking for granted the values of futurity and reproduction in adoption studies.


We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER)
using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001-2010. We
uncover the following stylized facts: In emerging Asia, real depreciations are associated
with faster growth of firm-level TFP, sales and cashow, higher probabilities to engage
in R&D and export. We find no significant effects for firms from industrialized economies
and negative effects for firms in other emerging economies, which are less export-intensive
and more import-intensive. Motivated by these facts, we build a dynamic model in which
real depreciations raise the cost of importing intermediates, but increase demand and the
profitability to engage in exports and R&D, thereby relaxing borrowing constraints and
enabling more firms to overcome the fixed-cost hurdle for financing R&D. We decompose
the effects of RER changes on productivity growth into these channels and explain regional
heterogeneity in the effects of RER changes in terms of differences in export intensity,
import intensity and financial constraints. We estimate the model and quantitatively evaluate
the different mechanisms by providing counterfactual simulations of temporary real
exchange rate movements. Effects on physical TFP growth, while different across regions,
are non-linear and asymmetric.


Post-traumatic emotional disorder event is a major cause of slow rehabilitation worldwide. The present study investigates the effects of emotional sound stimulation at different groups of subjects with TBI. At the base of our research strategy, we had used a group with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). We collected three groups of patients: 45 healthy adults, 20 patients with severe TBI and 19 patients with moderate TBI. Neurophysiology trials aim was to determine the processes that accompany emotional changes within traumatic brain damage. We analysed emotional EEG response for crying and laughter in patients with severe TBI, patients with moderate TBI and healthy volunteers. We used FFT analyses to quantify highfrequency HRV and average heart rate. Our results showed that patient with TBI showed higher response to crying compared to laughter, accompanied by slow-wave activity in the right temporal area and higher heart rate variability.


Contrary to conventional wisdom, this paper contends that the excessive development of capital market finance has been one of the catalysts behind the crises and scandals that have unfolded over the past 15 years. In particular, innovative debt transactions have proven instrumental to the creation of excessive levels of risk-taking and leverage, which have had catastrophic consequences, both at the firm and systemic level.

While much regulation has been enacted in response to these crises, the way in which debt transactions in capital markets are designed and entered into remains largely unregulated. Moreover, regulators have so far neglected the role that leverage and debt creation play in the economy and their consequences for the wider social context. Moreover, the recent policy design in the EU is promoting a renewed implementation of an old design, the Capital Markets Union (CMU). This revolves around disintermediated, market-based forms of financing, which should represent an alternative to the traditionally predominant (in Europe) bank-based financing channel. This paper finds that the European policy design fails to appreciate the dangers associated with capital markets finance and its ensuing debt-creating effects. It argues that, despite some regulatory efforts, a suitable architecture for the regulation of disintermediated capital markets is still missing.


The current ecological crisis is a matter of urgent global concern, with solutions being sought on many fronts. In this book, Seyyed Hossein Nasr argues that the devastation of our world has been exacerbated, if not actually caused, by the reductionist view of nature that has been advanced by modern secular science. What is needed, he believes, is the recovery of the truth to which the great, enduring religions all attest; namely that nature is sacred. Nasr traces the historical process through which Western civilization moved away from the idea of nature as sacred and embraced a world view which sees humans as alienated from nature and nature itself as a machine to be dominated and manipulated by humans. His goal is to negate the totalitarian claims of modern science and to re-open the way to the religious view of the order of nature, developed over centuries in the cosmologies and sacred sciences of the great traditions. Each tradition, Nasr shows, has a wealth of knowledge and experience concerning the order of nature. The resuscitation of this knowledge, he argues, would allow religions all over the globe to enrich each other and co-operate to heal the wounds inflicted upon the Earth.


The study aims to examine the knowledge of students of public and private schools in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil on the use of medicine and their health implications. It is a descriptive study of 722 adolescents enrolled in ten schools in the city of Fortaleza. He got up aspects of consumption, indication and guidance medicine and influence of the media using a questionnaire. Seventy two percent of the participants reported use of medicine the last 60 days, and painkillers were the most cited (65.4%). The indications were responsible for the family (51.2%) and physicians (33.1%), and the self-medication by 20.8% of the students. Regarding the use of medicine 70.9% of the students were not instructed on the proper use of the medicine. Of the total, 34.1% had already been influenced by media in the purchase of medicine. It's possible to conclude that teenagers' knowledge about medicine and its implications on health is very weak and devoid of any basic notion of the rational use of medicine. In addition, public school students are more oriented on the proper use of medicines by professionals in the public health system, which demonstrates the efficiency of the promoter of health of the population enrolled in public schools in Fortaleza.


Objective – Professional librarians have varying values relating to the topic of intellectual freedom that may or may not align with the American Library Association's (ALA) policies defining professional expectations on the topic. The personally held values and beliefs of Roman Catholic librarians and those working in libraries affiliated with Roman Catholicism are worthy of study to determine how personal religious values may translate into professional practice. The objective of this paper is to ascertain how frequently and in what context the topics of intellectual freedom and censorship were expressed in articles published in Catholic Library World (CLW), the professional journal of the Catholic Library Association (CLA) from 1980 to 2015. Published content on these topics can be used as evidence to determine how this population discusses the concept of intellectual freedom.

Methods – Articles relevant to these topics were retrieved from the American Theological Library Association Catholic Periodical and Literature Index (ATLA CPLI) and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) databases by conducting keyword searches using the terms "intellectual freedom" and censorship. Each retrieved publication was analyzed by counting the number of times the phrase "intellectual freedom" and the root censor* occurred. Through a deep reading of each publication, statements containing these search terms were then coded as positive, negative, or neutral, establishing a context for each occurrence.

Results – The majority of published content supported intellectual freedom and opposed censorship. Negative content typically occurred in publications about children or school libraries. Additionally, CLW contributors did express a certain level of conflict between personally held religious values and professional values.

Conclusions – This study adds to the limited research available on the intersection of personally held religious values and professional values. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the conflict between values amongst Catholic librarians, librarians of other faith traditions, and librarians in general.


We performed a prospective, open label, randomized study in intensive care unit patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) to determine the efficacy and safety of empiric intravenous (i.v.) meropenem monotherapy compared with the combination of ceftazidime plus amikacin. A total of 140 patients receiving mechanical ventilation and diagnosed with pneumonia were included in the study. Patients were randomized to receive either 1 g meropenem i.v. every 8 hours or 2 g ceftazidime i.v. every 8 hours plus 15 mg/kg amikacin daily, administered to patients with normal renal function as two daily doses. Satisfactory clinical responses (cure or improvement) were achieved at the end of treatment in 68.1% of meropenem-treated patients and 54.9% in the ceftazidime/amikacin treated group (relative risk 1.25; 95% confidence interval > 1.00, 1.55). When non-evaluable patients were excluded from the analysis, the satisfactory clinical response was 82.5% and 66.1% for the meropenem and ceftazidime/amikacin patients, respectively (p = 0.044). Logistic regression demonstrated that treatment with meropenem and both the basic traumatic and medical pathologies were significantly associated with a satisfactory response. Adverse events judged to be possible or probably related to treatment were reported by seven (10.1%) patients in the meropenem group and by eight patients (11.3%) in the ceftazidime/amikacin group. The results of this study confirm that monotherapy with meropenem is well tolerated and provides superior efficacy to the conventional combination of ceftazidime and amikacin in combating VAP.


Folic acid is one of the important hematopoietic agents necessary for proper
regeneration of the blood forming elements and their functioning. Since humans cannot synthesize
folates, they must be obtained from dietary sources. The most important dietary sources of folates are
fortified foods and cereal products with folate content of 50-200 μg/100 g. In Iran the majority of
people consume bread as an ideal food because of its low price and availability. The objective of this
study was to develop a simple and precise High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method
for determination of folic acid in enriched wheat flours and bread.
Materials & Methods: The method combines several procedures including an extraction technique,
oxidation of folic acid to increase fluorescent properties, and an improved HPLC with fluorescence
detection method. The method was performed on a C18 analytical column. The mobile phase
consisted of a mixture of methanol and pure water (20/80).The elute was continuously monitored
using a fluorescence detector (λex 296 nm and λem 440 nm).
Results: The standard curve for folic acid passed through the origin and was linear over the range 0.1
– 8µg/L. The peak of folic acid appeared as sharp with retention times of 1.12 minutes. The intra-day
coefficient of variation was evaluated in the range of 3.09-7.82 µg/L. The Inter day coefficients of
variation for the method ranged between 2.37 and 5.07 µg/L. The accuracy of the method ranges
between 99.2% and 103.7% for intra-day analysis and 98.8% and 106.9% for inter-days analysis. The
limit of determination for folic acid was 0.03µg/L. The mean concentration of folic acid was 102 µg
and 85 µg per 100 gram of flour and bread respectively. The amount of folic acid was decreased
during preparation and fermentation process (16.67%).
Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that this method is a rapid, sensitive, and precise
technique for measurement of folic acid in enriched wheat flours and breads


Meaning in art song transforms from poet to composer to performer to listener. Together, various layers of meaning form a genealogy of expression. In this paper, I articulate a theory of expression genealogy, using the song cycle Becoming a Redwood, poems by Dana Gioia (b.1950) and music by Lori Laitman (b. 1955). I argue that a rich and credible performance depends upon awareness of this genealogy. I investigate the process of transforming Gioia's poetry into art song and how knowledge of that process informs performance and listener response. The study provides a methodology for performance that may be applied to other vocal music.
To demonstrate the transformation of meaning in the multi-layered creative process, I employ several methods, including personal interviews with the composer and the poet, close readings of the four poems, and analysis of the musical settings.


In the CAP 2014-2020 a component of the total amount of direct payments is linked to the remuneration for specific environmental actions required to farmers. This paper analyses the effects of the greening measures on farm income in Italy ,focusing on two specialised farming systems which will be largely affected by the introduction of green payments: the maize production system, mainly concerning Northern regions, and the durum wheat production system, prevailing in Central and Southern regions. The effects of greening requirements were determined, based on the Italian FADN data, by looking at the change of total Gross Margin deriving from the introduction of crop diversification and Ecological Focus Areas requirements. These changes were assessed for 16 ?representative farms' where these specialised systems prevail. The paper shows that greening requirement will probably have some significant negative effects, in terms of gross margin, especially for farms specialised in maize production and located in the plains. Data also indicates that for farms specialised in maize production, the green payments do not generally compensate the reduction of farm gross margin, while for farms specialised in durum wheat, the green payments would cover the reduction of farm gross margin caused by the introduction of the new environmental obligations.


The present master thesis deals with European identity as an important aspect for the further development of the European Union. Several theories regarding identity in general and political collective identity in particular are applied to the European Union as a citizen based community. Conditions, which are needed for the development of a common identity among citizens of the European Union, are elaborated. Therefore data of the statistical poll "Eurobarometer" are used to asses the European citizen's feelings, expectations and attitudes regarding the important identity issues. The main result shows that a European identity could not only be based on shared values or attitudes. Especially for a common political identity a real European political community, an effective European political civil society and one common European political public arena has to be established by the European citizens. Thereby a common political project, comparable with the European peace project, is considered as the main starting point for the future development of a shared European "We-feeling".


To investigate the biological consequences of aberrant BRCA2 protein during mammary carcinogenesis, we attempted to identify proteins that normally interact with BRCA2. By using a yeast two‐hybrid system with a hybrid protein that contained residues 639–1,508 of BRCA2 protein fused to the GAL4 DNA‐binding domain, we isolated five independent cDNA clones that encoded parts of RAD51 protein, a human homolog of bacterial RecA. In vitro experiments using anti‐RAD51 antibody confirmed interaction of BRCA2 with RAD51. The RAD51‐binding region of BRCA2 detected in the present study was distinct from the region reported recently. Further studies using smaller portions of BRCA2 defined at least two additional RAD51‐binding domains, residues 982–1,066 and 1,139–1,266. Our results suggest that BRCA2 can interact with RAD51 through multiple sites of BRCA2 and that control of mitotic and meiotic recombination and/or of genomic integrity through binding to RAD51 may be a crucial mechanism by which BRCA2 suppresses abnormal proliferation of mammary cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 21:217–222, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


There has been wide interest in the study of management styles and the effects of
culture and other contextual factors in shaping them within and across nations. The
Hong Kong manufacturing industry is mainly managed by local Chinese with some
managers from Mainland China and Western countries. It provides a unique site for
studying the differences in management style between the three groups of managers
and how their management styles are shaped in the industry.
The objectives of this study areas follows: Firstly to study and compare the attributes
oftop management and their management styles together with the organizational
context and organizational structure of the companies they manage in Hong Kong.
Secondly, the effects of the aforementioned factors on their management style are
investigated and a model is proposed to depict their relationships. Lastly, the future
trends in the development of management style and organizational structure of firms
in the industry are studied. An approach is developed to describe relationships
between groupings of factors.
As regards the three groups, the Hong Kong and the mainland Chinese managers
appear to belong to the same cultural group compared to the Westerners here despite
that the societal background in which they are raised is quite different. Also managers
clearly expect management styles in manufacturing industry to develop further though
little change is expected in the structure of manufacturing organizations.
The cultural attributes of the managers including Hofstede's constructs are found to
affect their style of managing people, managing operations and the structure of their
organization. The organizational context and structure also have effects on their style
of managing operations. The Aston Study's findings about relationships between
organizational context and organizational structure are also validated.
It can be concluded that all the three aspects studied are necessary to model influences
on management styles in Hong Kong but with some aspects being more influential
than others are. It is also clear that a methodology can be developed to look at
relationships between groups of factors as well as simply pairs of factors.


PROTICH, R., G. TODOROVICH and N. PROTICH, 2012. Grain weight per spike of wheat using different ways of seed protection. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 185-190 The research was conducted in field conditions with seven different treatments of seed protection and three winter wheat varieties. The varieties PKB-Christina, Pobeda and Vizija were different according to tillering type, stem height, leaf position, duration of vegetation, genetic potential for grain yield and quality. The micro trial was set up during 2004-2006, using split-plot system with four variants of chemical protection plus electronic protection of plasma electrons with positive and negative control. The way of seed protection is the factor that significantly has influence upon grain weight per spike. The variety Vizija had smaller grain weight per spike (1.81 g) than the varieties PKB-Christina (1.99 g) and Pobeda (2.09 g). Difference is highly significant. By comparing grain weight per spike from the aspect of applied protection, highly significant difference was proven between control (1.95 g), +c/+control (1.95 g), difeconazole (1.95 g), and variants being treated with diviconazole (2.04 g), carboxine + tiran (2.11 g) and tebuconazole + triazoxine (1.88 g). Then, highly signifficant difference was determined between variants being treated by fungicides diviconazole, carboxin + tiran and tebuconazole + triazoxin. Plasma electrons treatment was on the level of the control. The highly significant interaction was determined between variety x year x treatment.


Summary Background: Emphysematous cystitis occurs mostly in diabetics with poor glycemic control or in immunocompromised patients. In most cases, diabetes mellitus correlates with the occurrence of emphysematous cystitis. The risk of relapse after tuberculosis cure or treatment completion is high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Case Report: A 64-year-old diabetic man suffering from high fever and lower abdominal pain was admitted to the emergency ward. Due to the results of radiographic examinations, he was diagnosed with an emphysematous cystitis. Although the emphysematous cystitis improved with urinary drainage and antibiotic therapy, the high fever recurred and respiratory symptoms appeared. This patient was diagnosed with a crisis of the pulmonary tuberculosis. He was started on the antituberculosis therapy, and he recovered. Conclusions: This is the first report of a case of emphysematous cystitis that was complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.


With increasing amounts of data describing 3D geometry at scales small and large, shape analysis is becoming increasingly important in fields ranging from computer graphics to robotics to computational biology. While a great deal of research exists on local shape analysis, less work has been done on global shape analysis. This thesis aims to advance global shape analysis in three directions: symmetry-aware mesh processing, part decomposition of 3D models, and analysis of 3D scenes.
First, we propose a pipeline for making mesh processing algorithms "symmetry-aware", using large-scale symmetries to aid the processing of 3D meshes. Our pipeline can be used to emphasize the symmetries of a mesh, establish correspondences between symmetric features of a mesh, and decompose a mesh into symmetric parts and asymmetric residuals. We make technical contributions towards two of the main steps in this pipeline: a method for symmetrizing the geometry of an object, and a method for remeshing an object to have a symmetric triangulation. We offer several applications of this pipeline: modeling, beautification, attribute transfer, and simplification of approximately symmetric surfaces.
Second, we conduct several investigations into part decomposition of 3D meshes. We propose a hierarchical mesh segmentation method as a basis for consistently segmenting a set of meshes. We show how our method of consistent segmentation can be used for the more specific applications of symmetric segmentation and segmentation transfer. Then, we propose a probabilistic version of mesh segmentation, which we call a "partition function", that aims to estimate the likelihood that a given mesh edge is on a segmentation boundary. We describe several methods of computing this structure, and demonstrate its robustness to noise, tessellation, and pose and intra-class shape variation. We demonstrate the utility of the partition function for mesh visualization, segmentation, deformation, and registration.
Third, we develop a system for object recognition in 3D scenes, and test it on a large point cloud representing a city. We make technical contributions towards three key steps of our system: localizing objects, segmenting them from the background, and extracting features that describe them. We conduct an extensive evaluation of the system: we perform quantitative evaluation on a point cloud consisting of about 100 million points, with about 1000 objects of interest belonging to 16 classes. We evaluate our system as a whole, as well as each individual step, trying several alternatives for each component.


Some of the phenomena dynamically developing in global economy in recent years are capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment. The investment takes different forms and is a way of economic development desired by most countries in the world. The article aims to present tendencies occurring in global FDI flows and define their types and geographical structure.


We demonstrate the application of graphene as a support for imaging individual biological molecules in transmission electron microscope (TEM). A simple procedure to produce free-standing graphene membranes has been designed. Such membranes are extremely robust and can support practically any submicrometer object. Tobacco mosaic virus has been deposited on graphene samples and observed in a TEM. High contrast has been achieved even though no staining has been applied.


Mistranslated numbers have the potential to cause serious effects, such as financial loss or medical misinformation. In this work we develop comprehensive assessments of the robustness of neural machine translation systems to numerical text via behavioural testing. We explore a variety of numerical translation capabilities a system is expected to exhibit and design effective test examples to expose system underperformance. We find that numerical mistranslation is a general issue: major commercial systems and state-of-the-art research models fail on many of our test examples, for high- and low-resource languages. Our tests reveal novel errors that have not previously been reported in NMT systems, to the best of our knowledge. Lastly, we discuss strategies to mitigate numerical mistranslation.


Energyand intensity-tunable monochromatic X-ray sources enable new developments in X-ray metrology. The fundamental parameters characterizing photon-matter interactions can be determined with relative standard uncertainties around 1–2%. The characteristics of the SOLEX laboratory source and of the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source are discussed. The procedures for measuring mass attenuation coefficients and fluorescence yields are detailed; examples are presented for copper, cadmium and germanium. These new sources with associated instrumentation will allow developing improved techniques for reference-free quantification by X-ray fluorescence.


Our paper aims to study the impact of the regulatory disclosure requirements enacted in 2004 on the income smoothing behaviour (a proxy for quality of financial reporting) and on firm valuation (measured by Topins' q ratio) of Jordanian listed firms on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). Our perception is that the new disclosure requirements of 2004 hold higher quality as a reporting system for the ASE market than did the one of 1998. A higher reporting quality is expected as the new disclosure requirements of 2004 had removed the conditions over adopting IASB-based standards that existed under the previous regulatory disclosure requirements along with bringing new structural and procedural changes. Previous literature suggested that IASB standards have been long perceived as a set of high quality reporting standards. Under such perceptions, we expect the reporting quality to increase, which in return, would impact the market valuation for listed firms. To perform our study, we selected a sample of 94 out of 133 publicly listed service and industrial Jordanian firms at the ASE. The sample consists of 58 industrial and 36 service listed firms. Our findings indicate a positive impact on both of the quality of reporting and market valuation of service firms with the new regulation of 2004 compared to a negative impact on the quality of reporting and a positive impact on market valuation of industrial firms.


IMPORTANCE
Every year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspects several hundred clinical sites performing biomedical research on human participants and occasionally finds evidence of substantial departures from good clinical practice and research misconduct. However, the FDA has no systematic method of communicating these findings to the scientific community, leaving open the possibility that research misconduct detected by a government agency goes unremarked in the peer-reviewed literature.

OBJECTIVES
To identify published clinical trials in which an FDA inspection found significant evidence of objectionable conditions or practices, to describe violations, and to determine whether the violations are mentioned in the peer-reviewed literature.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Cross-sectional analysis of publicly available documents, dated from January 1, 1998, to September 30, 2013, describing FDA inspections of clinical trial sites in which significant evidence of objectionable conditions or practices was found.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
For each inspection document that could be linked to a specific published clinical trial, the main measure was a yes/no determination of whether there was mention in the peer-reviewed literature of problems the FDA had identified.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven published clinical trials were identified for which an FDA inspection of a trial site had found significant evidence of 1 or more of the following problems: falsification or submission of false information, 22 trials (39%); problems with adverse events reporting, 14 trials (25%); protocol violations, 42 trials (74%); inadequate or inaccurate recordkeeping, 35 trials (61%); failure to protect the safety of patients and/or issues with oversight or informed consent, 30 trials (53%); and violations not otherwise categorized, 20 trials (35%). Only 3 of the 78 publications (4%) that resulted from trials in which the FDA found significant violations mentioned the objectionable conditions or practices found during the inspection. No corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, or other comments acknowledging the key issues identified by the inspection were subsequently published.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
When the FDA finds significant departures from good clinical practice, those findings are seldom reflected in the peer-reviewed literature, even when there is evidence of data fabrication or other forms of research misconduct.


A unique multicorelike guidance was achieved in a microstructured optical fiber composed of a circular air hole at the center surrounded by a high-index triangular core. Unique spectral evolution of the degeneracy was theoretically investigated using a vectorial finite element method to find a threefold degeneracy in both the fundamental and the first excited modes in the visible range, which evolved to twofold degeneracy as the wavelength increased to IR. Experimental measurements also confirmed evolution of the modal intensity from three spatially isolated patterns confined to individual corners into a supermode combining the three corners.


In the 1990s, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) launched a vision for pharmacy known as 'pharmacy in a new age' (PIANA).1 PIANA raised the profile of the profession and demonstrated that pharmacists were not only prepared but also qualified to provide increasing contributions to the wider National Health Service agendas. This programme of development was expanded in the 'fit for the future' programme2 which spearheaded improvements in pharmacy education, including: investment in research and development; development of a pharmacy student code of conduct and fitness to practice systems;3 as well as inspiring standards for education and training.4 Along with structural changes to the professional leadership body (RPSGB) and regulator (General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC)) and considering the goals for future practice described in recent government white papers,5 ,6 the profession has reflected upon existing undergraduate course and its ability to deliver competent practitioners who are able to put patients first. Fundamentally, the pharmacy profession is required to be adaptable and flexible, and it must be able to demonstrate the benefit of pharmacy practice on real patient outcomes. Modernising Pharmacy Careers (MPC)7 workstream 1 proposed the integration of the preregistration year for pharmacy undergraduates within the current 4 year degree, extending it to a 5 year course, for all universities in the UK, to facilitate an increasing focus for students on practice based activities and the application of knowledge into practice. MPC is part of 'Medical Education England' which will convert to 'Health Education England' within the next 12 months. Although this work is led by England, the other …


This paper presents the outcomes of the first of four phases of a research project which aims to investigate the optimal integration of novel, yet largely already demonstrated technologies, in water recycling process train options. The research project has a particular focus on the minimisation of environmental and economic costs in the implementation and operation of the overall recycling process. In the Phase 1 desktop study, novel carbon and nitrogen removal technologies were selected through multi-criteria analysis and incorporated into two concept stage integrated treatment train options. The first treatment train option includes a main-stream anaerobic membrane bioreactor, followed by soluble methane stripping. Nitrogen removal is then achieved with a nitritation/Anammox moving bed biofilm reactor. The second alternative treatment train utilises a high rate/solids contact activated sludge system, with the separated excess biomass treated in a two-stage high-rate anaerobic sludge digester. The digested biosolids stream is treated separately to recover nutrients (as struvite) and to remove nitrogen with a nitritation/Anammox process. Further mainstream nitrogen removal is achieved with a nitrification/denitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor configuration. The two alternative treatment trains were compared to a typical existing treatment train for economics and environmental footprint under Australian conditions at two scales; 10 and 100 ML/d average flow. Engineering analysis included high-level concept design and sizing, estimates of performance, assessment of environmental footprint and whole-of-life cost estimates (including capital and operating expenses). The results of the study indicated that the new treatment trains have the potential to significantly decrease the economic costs of wastewater treatment by between 10 and 46% (based on Net Present Value estimates), and have a lower environmental impact. In Phases 2 and 3, lab-scale and pilot studies are currently underway to further evaluate the performance and confirm the design/operating parameters of the core processes.


Recent research has shown remarkable success in revealing "steering" directions in the latent spaces of pre-trained GANs. These directions correspond to semantically meaningful image transformations e.g., shift, zoom, color manipulations), and have similar interpretable effects across all categories that the GAN can generate. Some methods focus on user-specified transformations, while others discover transformations in an unsupervised manner. However, all existing techniques rely on an optimization procedure to expose those directions, and offer no control over the degree of allowed interaction between different transformations. In this paper, we show that "steering" trajectories can be computed in closed form directly from the generator's weights without any form of training or optimization. This applies to user-prescribed geometric transformations, as well as to unsupervised discovery of more complex effects. Our approach allows determining both linear and nonlinear trajectories, and has many advantages over previous methods. In particular, we can control whether one transformation is allowed to come on the expense of another (e.g. zoom-in with or without allowing translation to keep the object centered). Moreover, we can determine the natural end-point of the trajectory, which corresponds to the largest extent to which a transformation can be applied without incurring degradation. Finally, we show how transferring attributes between images can be achieved without optimization, even across different categories.


We analyze entanglement dynamics and transfer in a system composed of two initially correlated two-level atoms, in which each atom is coupled with another atom interacting with its own reservoir. Considering atomic dipole-dipole interactions, the results show that dipole-dipole interactions restrain the entanglement birth of the reservoirs, and a parametric region of dipole-dipole interaction strength exists in which the maximal entanglement of two initially uncorrelated atoms is reduced. The transfer of entanglement shows obvious different behaviors in two initial Bell-like states.


STUDY QUESTION
Which is the best method for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation: slow freezing/rapid thawing (SF/RT) or vitrification/warming (V/W)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The conventional SF/RT protocol used in this study seems to better preserve the morpho-functional status of human cryopreserved ovarian tissue than the used open carrier V/W protocol.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue is generally performed using the SF/RT method. However, reduction in the follicular pool and stroma damage are often observed. An emerging alternative procedure is represented by V/W which seems to allow the maintenance of the morphological integrity of the stroma.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This is a retrospective cohort study including six patients affected by oncological diseases and enrolled from January to December 2014.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Ovarian tissue was laparoscopically harvested from the right and left ovaries and was cryopreserved using a routinary SF/RT protocol or a V/W method, involving tissue incubation in two solutions (containing propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and sucrose at different concentrations) and vitrification in an open system. For each patient, three pieces from each ovary were collected at the time of laparoscopy (fresh tissue) and after storage (SF/RT or V/W) and processed for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to assess the morphological and ultrastructural features of follicles and stroma, and for laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), to determine the functional energetic/redox stroma status. The preservation status of SF/RT and V/W ovarian tissues was compared with that of fresh ones, as well as between them.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
By LM and TEM, SF/RT and V/W samples showed cryodamage of small entity. Interstitial oedema and increased stromal cell vacuolization and chromatin clumping were observed in SF/RT samples; in contrast, V/W samples showed oocyte nuclei with slightly thickened chromatin and irregular shapes. The functional imaging analysis by LSCM revealed that the mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were reduced both in SF/RT and in V/W samples compared with fresh samples. The study also showed progressive dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity going from the outer to the inner serial section of the ovarian cortex. The reduction of mitochondrial activity of V/W samples compared with fresh samples was significantly higher in the inner section than in the outer section.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The results report the bioenergetic and oxidative status assessment of fresh and cryopreserved human ovarian tissue by LSCM, a technique recently applied to tissue samples. The use of LSCM on human ovarian tissues after SF/RT or V/W is a new application that requires validation. The procedures for mitochondrial staining with functional probes and fixing are not yet standardized. Xenografting of the cryopreserved ovarian tissue in severe combined immunodeficient mice and in vitro culture have not yet been performed.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The identification of a cryopreservation method able to maintain the morpho-functional integrity of the ovarian tissue and a number of follicles comparable with those observed in fresh tissue might optimize results in clinical practice, in terms of recovery, duration of ovarian function and increased delivery outcomes after replanting. The SF/RT protocol allowed better morpho-functional tissue integrity than the V/W procedure.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
Funding was provided by Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna, Italy. Dr N.A.M. was granted by the project ONEV MIUR PONa3 00134-n.254/R&C 18 5 2011 and the project GR-2011-02351396 (Ministry of Health, Young Researchers Grant 2011/2012). There are no competing interests.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Clinical trial 74/2001/0 (approved:13 2 2002): 'Pilot study on cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue: morphological and immunohistochemical analysis before and after cryopreservation'.


CUSTOMER ACQUISITION TRAINING FOR ACN INDEPENDENT REPRESENTATIVES Kaly Gillette Shippen Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology Master of Science The following report discusses the design, development, and evaluation of an online training on customer acquisition of telephone customers for a telecommunications company called ACN. The report includes a description of the following elements of the project: (a) the need and purpose for the instruction, (b) the target audience of the instruction, (c) the methodology and rationale for the design of the instruction based on relevant literature, (d) an existing materials search, (e) the instructional materials, (f) the evaluation, (g) the critique, (h) the schedule, and (i) the final budget report. The instruction was found to effectively teach learners the intended objectives which related to understanding the ACN approach to customer acquisition and how to answer common customer questions. Learners in the small group test gained an average of 58.8% on the posttest following completion of the instruction. In addition, qualitative feedback from learners was positive, with all of the learners suggesting that the instruction was helpful, well organized, and accessible. Content experts indicated that the instruction complemented the current ACN training system and that the essential content was covered in a logical manner, and design experts indicated that proper instructional design and web-based training principles were implemented.


Many studies have shown a growing trend in terms of frequency and severity of extreme events. As never before, having tools capable to monitor the amount of rain that reaches the Earth's surface has become a key point for the identification of areas potentially affected by floods. In order to guarantee an almost global spatial coverage, NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) IMERG products proved to be the most appropriate source of information for precipitation retrievement by satellite. This study is aimed at defining the IMERG accuracy in representing extreme rainfall events for varying time aggregation intervals. This is performed by comparing the IMERG data with the rain gauge ones. The outcomes demonstrate that precipitation satellite data guarantee good results when the rainfall aggregation interval is equal to or greater than 12 h. More specifically, a 24-h aggregation interval ensures a probability of detection (defined as the number of hits divided by the total number of observed events) greater than 80%. The outcomes of this analysis supported the development of the updated version of the ITHACA Extreme Rainfall Detection System (ERDS: erds.ithacaweb.org). This system is now able to provide near real-time alerts about extreme rainfall events using a threshold methodology based on the mean annual precipitation.


We theoretically study reversed Cherenkov radiation (CR) in anisotropic double-negative metamaterials (DNMs) in general, and particularly in detail for one of the most practical cases, i.e., CR in a waveguide partially filled with anisotropic DNMs. The theory presented here provides a theoretical basis for possible experiments and potential applications. As an example, we discuss the physical properties of CR and the potential applications such as particle detectors and high-power sources.


Advances in computer science and computational linguistics have yielded new, and faster, computational approaches to structuring and analyzing textual data. These approaches perform well on tasks like information extraction, but their ability to identify complex, socially constructed, and unsettled theoretical concepts—a central goal of sociological content analysis—has not been tested. To fill this gap, we compare the results produced by three common computer-assisted approaches—dictionary, supervised machine learning (SML), and unsupervised machine learning—to those produced through a rigorous hand-coding analysis of inequality in the news (N = 1,253 articles). Although we find that SML methods perform best in replicating hand-coded results, we document and clarify the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, including how they can complement one another. We argue that content analysts in the social sciences would do well to keep all these approaches in their toolkit, deploying them purposefully according to the task at hand.


Some regulatory reforms do not change just a specific signal that can be represented by a quantitative continuous variable, such as a tax rate, a price cap, or an emission threshold. The standard theory of reform in applied welfare economics (going back to contributions by e.g. Ramsey, Samuelson and Guesnerie) asks the question: What is the marginal effect on social welfare of changing a policy signal? However, reforms such as privatization, unbundling or liberalization of network industries are often described by 'packages' shifting a policy framework. It is increasingly frequent in the empirical evaluation of such reforms to use categorical variables, often in polytomous form, for instance describing unbundling steps (vertical integration, accounting, functional, legal, ownership separation) on a discrete numerical scale, such as those proposed by the OECD and other international bodies. We review recent econometric literature evaluating regulatory reforms using such variables (40 papers) and we discuss some methodological issues arising in this context.


With the rapid development of mobile games and the roaring growth of market size, mobile game addiction is becoming a public concern. Hence, understanding the reasons behind mobile game addiction is worthwhile. Based on previous studies and two salient features of mobile games (e.g., hedonic and sociality), a research model is developed to examine the antecedents of mobile game addiction. Our proposed model is tested using a survey from 234 mobile game users and the results confirm most of our hypotheses. Specifically, perceived visibility and perceived enjoyment are found to be positively associated with flow which in turn affects addiction. Besides the indirect effect of perceived visibility on addiction via flow, perceived visibility is found to have a direct effect on addiction too. The implications for theory and practice are also discussed.


The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common extranodal site of involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Primary GI NHL is frequently discussed in survival analyses. Primary intestinal NHL is significantly different from primary gastric NHL with regard to its clinical features, pathological subtype, treatment and prognosis. The small intestine is involved in lymphoma less often than the large intestine. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary NHL of the small intestine and its prognostic factors. A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 313 cases of NHL that occurred between 1995 and 2008 in the Tri-Service General Hospital (National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan). Among these cases, 11 cases of primary NHL of the small intestine were identified. A Cox model was used to perform the multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis. From the 11 patients with primary NHL of the small intestine, seven patients were male (63.6%) and four patients were female (36.3%). Furthermore, nine patients (81.8%) were diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma, of which five (45.5%) were also diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL). Abdominal pain and/or distention were present in six (54.5%) of the patients and jejunum involvement was also observed in six (54.5%) of the 11 patients. The mean overall survival (OS) time of the 11 patients was 27.2 months and the four-year survival rate was 36.3%. The mean OS time in the patients with jejunum involvement was shorter than in those without jejunum involvement (16.9 vs. 39.6 months), although this difference was not significant (P=0.657). Surgical treatment was performed on four of the six patients with jejunum involvement due to an acute abdomen or perforation-related peritonitis. The results of the present study indicate that DLBL is the most common subtype of primary lymphoma of the small intestine, and that the site involved in NHL may affect the potential for surgery in patients with intestinal lymphoma. Furthermore, patients with primary lymphoma of the small intestine have been found to have a poor outcome compared with those with lymphoma in other regions of the GI tract. In the present study, a similar trend was observed, however, the sizes of the subgroups of primary lymphoma of the small intestine were too small for individual analysis.


At the beginning of the twenty first century, thousands of adult Europeans are playing Scotsmen. They dress up in kilts and tartan, parade in military-style bagpipe bands, toss tree trunks at Highland Games, commemorate Scottish soldiers of the past, and re-enact their vision of Scottish history at 'Celtic' and medieval fairs. Their largest festivals attract more than 25 000 people each year, and their more elaborate clubs are recognised by Scottish Clan chiefs. The 'Scots' of Europe do not usually claim to be Scottish – neither by birth, descent, or residence. Their performances are Scottish masquerades, and openly declared so. Unlike their cousins in North America and Australasia, the European impersonators only very rarely insist that their Scottish performances express their 'ethnic' identity. And yet, the European masquerade is a quest for roots and ancestors, too. This study demonstrates that by playing Scotsmen, the 'Scots' of Europe attempt to reconnect with their Celtic, Nordic, or otherwise pre-modern heritage. They feel that their own customs, songs, games, and tribes were lost to the forces of modernisation – but that some of it survived in the Scottish periphery. They employ Scotland as a site of memory, as ersatz history. This thesis is a study of European nostalgia. It examines the many men and women who attempt to rediscover their traditions and histories. It is concerned with what Jay Winter calls the 'memory boom'; the growing public preoccupation with history and its remembrance. It argues that Scotland – or rather, dreams of Scotland – have a special resonance in the European memory boom. This study touches upon the fields of public history, memory, and festive culture. In order to understand how the past is remembered and re-imagined in Europe today, the author left the archive and questioned the commemorators. This study relies on original fieldwork conducted in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Scotland during 2009 and 2010. The thesis' focus is a qualitative one.


In the context of the current global pandemic and the limitations of the RT-PCR test, we propose a novel deep learning architecture, DFCN (Denoising Fully Connected Network). Since medical facilities around the world differ enormously in what laboratory tests or chest imaging may be available, DFCN is designed to be robust to missing input data. An ablation study extensively evaluates the performance benefits of the DFCN as well as its robustness to missing inputs. Data from 1088 patients with confirmed RT-PCR results are obtained from two independent medical facilities. The data includes results from 27 laboratory tests and a chest x-ray scored by a deep learning model. Training and test datasets are taken from different medical facilities. Data is made publicly available. The performance of DFCN in predicting the RT-PCR result is compared with 3 related architectures as well as a Random Forest baseline. All models are trained with varying levels of masked input data to encourage robustness to missing inputs. Missing data is simulated at test time by masking inputs randomly. DFCN outperforms all other models with statistical significance using random subsets of input data with 2-27 available inputs. When all 28 inputs are available DFCN obtains an AUC of 0.924, higher than any other model. Furthermore, with clinically meaningful subsets of parameters consisting of just 6 and 7 inputs respectively, DFCN achieves higher AUCs than any other model, with values of 0.909 and 0.919.


Hermann Bondi was an applied mathematician of distinction who will be remembered by fellow scientists for his outstanding contributions to astronomy, cosmology and General Relativity, and particularly for his pioneering contributions to our understanding of gravitational waves, his foundational work on accretion, and as co–creator with Tommy Gold and Fred Hoyle of the steady state theory of cosmology. But Hermann had an equally important second career in scientific administration: advising the UK Government on the Thames Barrier, as Director General of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO; now the European Space Agency (ESA)), as Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government on Defence and then on Energy, as Chairman of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and finally as Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was knighted in 1973. He continued his research on gravitational radiation throughout his administrative career and published his 16th paper in the series on gravitational waves in 2004. Hermann will be remembered not only for his contributions to science and administration but also for his outstanding communication skills and as a charismatic, warm, and stimulating person.


The intensity and polarization of spectral lines encode a wealth of information on the thermodynamic, magnetic, and dynamic properties of the solar atmosphere. In this thesis we have considered the complex radiative transfer problem of modeling, in conditions far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE), the Stokes profiles of strong resonance lines for which partial frequency redistribution (PRD) phenomena are important, placing particular focus on the role played by magnetic fields of arbitrary strength, both deterministic and micro-structured. There are several physical mechanisms that can generate or modify the polarization of spectral lines. The scattering of anisotropic radiation by an atomic system is one such mechanism, which most notably causes the scattered radiation to be linearly polarized. Such scattering polarization can be further modified by magnetic fields through the joint action of the Hanle and Zeeman effects, both of which are shown to be relevant for the weak fields typical of quiet solar regions. Moreover, PRD effects, which are well known to appreciably impact the Stokes profiles of strong resonance lines outside the Doppler core, also feature prominently in this investigation. We have considered a two-level model atom with an unpolarized and infinitely sharp lower level, which is suitable for modeling several resonance lines (e.g., the Sr I line at 4607 angstroms, the Ca I line at 4227 angstroms, the line core region of the Mg ii k line, etc.). Given the complexity of the problem of the generation and transfer of resonance line polarization taking into account PRD phenomena and the joint action of the Hanle and Zeeman effects, the investigation in this thesis has been restricted to one-dimensional atmospheric models. We have formulated the radiative transfer problem applying a rigorous quantum theory for the generation and transfer of polarized radiation. In particular, we have considered a theory which allows for the inclusion of all the aforementioned physical mechanisms, using the redistribution matrix formalism (see Bommier 1997b). A radiative transfer code has been developed to efficiently solve such problems, which iteratively solves the Stokes-vector transfer equation, taking into account that the emission coefficients depend on the intensity and polarization of the incident radiation field. To this end, we have developed a suitable iterative scheme based on the work of Trujillo Bueno & Manso Sainz (1999) and Belluzzi & Trujillo Bueno (2014). Such iterative method greatly improves the convergence rate with respect to Lambda iteration, for field strengths such that the Zeeman splitting is much smaller than the line's Doppler width. We have also developed a modified iterative method, which requires more time per iteration, but for which the convergence rate is not as sensitive to the magnetic field strength. The aforementioned radiative transfer code has first been applied to the unmagnetized case, in order to investigate the dependence of the intensity and polarization of the Sr I line at 4607 angstroms and the Sr II line at 4078 angstroms on the atmospheric model. Another point of interest has been to investigate the impact of elastic collisions on different spectral lines, focusing both on their frequency redistribution effect and their depolarizing effect. We have considered the impact of such collisions both for spectral lines originating in the photosphere (for which PRD effects have a neglible impact), and for lines originating in the chromosphere (for which PRD effects are especially apparent in the wings). The rest of the research problems considered, which represent the bulk of the work of this thesis, focus on the influence of the magnetic field on the polarization of resonance lines. An important conclusion is that, for strong spectral lines in which PRD effects produce broad linear polarization profiles that extend into the line wings, it is crucial to take into account the joint action of scattering polarization and the Hanle and Zeeman effects in order to correctly model their Stokes profiles. In particular, we have shown that for such lines an artificial magnetic sensitivity is found in the wings of the Q/I and U/I profiles when the Zeeman effect is neglected, even when the magnetic field is so weak that the Zeeman splitting is much smaller than the Doppler width. Aside from studying the impact of deterministic magnetic fields on spectral lines, we have also considered micro-structured fields, that is, fields whose orientation changes over scales smaller than the mean free path of the line photons. For micro-structured fields with an isotropic distribution of its orientations, the impact of neglecting the Zeeman effect and PRD effects on the line core polarization, in photospheric lines such as the Sr I line at 4607 angstroms, has been investigated. This was motivated by the fact that such effects had been neglected in previous investigations, in which observations of the linear polarization produced by scattering processes in such lines were modeled in order to infer the strength of unresolved magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. We have also studied the impact of strong isotropic magnetic fields on the line scattering polarization, placing particular attention on the case in which elastic collisions are efficient enough to completely destroy the upper level's atomic polarization. Perhaps, the main contribution of this work is the theoretical discovery that the magneto-optical effects, i.e., the magnetically-induced couplings between different polarization states of the radiation propagating through the medium, produce an observable magnetic sensitivity in the wings of the linear polarization profiles of strong resonance lines, where large Q/I amplitudes are produced by PRD effects. We have performed a detailed investigation on the impact of the magneto-optical effects for different geometries and strengths of the magnetic field, also providing theoretical arguments for the fact that they operate mainly in the line wings, and for field strengths that are typical of the quiet Sun. We have pointed out that the magneto-optical effects enhance the diagnostic capabilities of lines forming in the outer layers of the solar atmosphere since, through them, the polarization signals in the wings encode information on the magnetic activity in deeper atmospheric regions. We have emphasized that this novel magnetic sensitivity further motivates the development of instruments capable of making high-precision spectropolarimetric observations of strong resonance lines of the chromosphere and transition region, such as those of the CLASP sounding rocket experiments (Lyman alpha and Mg II h & k). We have also proposed that the surprising U/I wing signals and the spatial variation found in the wings of the Q/I and U/I profiles of the chromospheric Ca I line at 4227 angstroms can be explained by such effects. Finally, we have also investigated the physical situations in which the magneto-optical effects can produce a net decrease in the polarization fraction of spectral line radiation. The results of this thesis strongly motivate further developments in this line of research. A step of interest is to develop a radiative transfer code that, taking into account the same physical mechanisms investigated in this work, is capable of performing inversions of Stokes-vector observations in chromospheric lines. Additional key developments will be to include more complex atomic models, and to solve the problem of three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer taking into account all the physical mechanisms studied in this thesis. All of these breakthroughs will lead to a deeper understanding of solar magnetism through the modeling of spectropolarimetric observations.


Inflatable aerodynamic decelerators have potential advantages for planetary re-entry in robotic and human exploration missions. It is theorized that volume-mass characteristics of these decelerators are superior to those of common supersonic/subsonic parachutes and after deployment they may suffer no instabilities at high Mach numbers. A high fidelity computational fluid-structure interaction model is employed to investigate the behavior of tension cone inflatable aeroshells at supersonic speeds up to Mach 2.0. The computational framework targets the large displacements regime encountered during the inflation of the decelerator using fast level set techniques to incorporate boundary conditions of the moving structure. The preliminary results indicate large but steady aeroshell displacement with rich dynamics, including buckling of the inflatable torus that maintains the decelerator open under normal operational conditions, owing to interactions with the turbulent wake. Copyright © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.


The elimination of the Greek Orthodox population in the Ottoman Empire is seen in Turkish historiography as a solely political project. However, the National Economy was not only an intellectual and political idea, but also a social phenomenon which had a social base. The mobilisation of different social groups and classes played a significant role in the nationalisation of modern Turkey at the outset of the twentieth century. An analysis of different patterns of social mobilisation and the collective action repertoire used by the anti-Greek movement provides an opportunity to understand the social aspect of the elimination of non-Muslims from the Ottoman Empire. The study of patterns of social mobilisation will provide knowledge on a long-neglected aspect of modern


This indispensable anthology gathers texts and translations that cover major aspects of the Virgilian tradition from the Roman poet's own lifetime to the year 1500. Unprecedented in scope, the book presents a vast compendium of materials that illuminate how poets, teachers, students, and common folk responded to Virgil and his poetry. The volume offers a brief commentary on each text, many of which are translated into English for the first time. The book begins with a chronological survey of Virgil's influence upon writers from Augustan Rome to Renaissance Italy. There follow detailed reviews of biographies of Virgil, of how his writings were received and used, and of how the poet was envisaged and explained through the centuries. The final section focuses on the tradition of legends associated with Virgil.


Objectives: To identify the factors influencing nebuliser adherence in adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) in order to inform the development of a behaviour change intervention. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 18 adults with CF. The interview guide was developed using the TDF to explore nebuliser adherence. During the interview participants were presented with charts of their own nebuliser adherence data, and this was used to prompt discussion. Interview transcripts were content-analysed using the TDF as the coding framework. Results: All 14 theoretical domains were identified as being relevant to nebuliser adherence although the specific domains of influence were variable across individuals. Motivation for treatment was often related to a range of beliefs about the consequences of adherence to treatment, the amount of feedback that they perceived from treatment, and their treatment and other life goals. Capability was often related to knowledge about treatment, the ability to remember to take treatment particularly outside of a normal routine, and the extent to which treatment was planned and monitored. Issues of Opportunity included both facilitatory and inhibitory social influences, and the extent to which the environment and resources facilitated treatment. Conclusion: The TDF allowed for the identification of a range of factors influencing adherence to nebuliser treatment that could be targeted in a future intervention. Interventions should be tailored to the specific Motivation, Capability and Opportunity issues that influence treatment adherence for an individual.


This paper addresses speeding, that is, "too fast" responses, in web surveys. Relying on the response process model, we argue that very short response times indicate low data quality, stemming from a lack of attention on the part of respondents. To identify speeding, prior research employed case-wise procedures. Using data from nine online surveys, we demonstrate that response behavior of individual respondents varies considerably during a survey. Thus, we use case- and page-wise procedures to capture speeding behavior that taps different, although related, phenomena. Moreover, page-specific speeding measures capture aspects of data quality that traditional quality measures do not cover. Employing both page-specific and case-wise speeding measures, we examine whether removing speeders makes a difference in substantive findings. The evidence indicates that removing "too fast" responses does not alter marginal distributions, irrespective of which speeder-correction technique is employed. Moreover, explanatory models yield, by and large, negligible coefficient differences (on average about one standard error). Only in exceptional cases differences exceed two standard errors. Our findings suggest that speeding primarily adds some random noise to the data and attenuate correlations, if it makes a difference at all. The paper concludes by discussing implications and limitations.


The lack of consolidated Canadian micro data on household balance sheets and expenditures has been an important impediment to empirical research into real-financial linkages in the Canadian household sector. Our paper attempts to fill this data gap by merging household balance sheet data from the Canadian Financial Monitor survey with household expenditure data from the Survey of Household Spending. The merge process uses a categorical matching framework aimed at preserving the heterogeneity in the underlying datasets. The resulting combined dataset is a novel source of Canadian micro data on household finances and spending patterns. The dataset covers the period 1999 till 2005 and contains roughly 11,000 observations (households) for each year. We plan to use these combined data to test key real-financial linkages (like those between house prices, debt and household expenditures) for the Canadian household sector.


Accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfumed or fl avored products is essential to the fl avor and fragrance industry. Especially when unknown samples need to be analyzed traditional methods of GC analysis often lead to only vague results and often require time consuming and cumbersome sample preparation techniques such as solvent extraction (liquid/liquid, Soxhlet, Likens-Nickerson). The technique of dynamic headspace requires minimal sample preparation, and signifi cantly reduces overall analysis time while also improving data quality. In this work, the dynamic headspace technique is applied to different types of consumer products. The analysis of neat perfume oil is compared with that of consumer products containing the same oil.


Focus on the most important clinical knowledge in neuro-ophthalmology! Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology: The Essentials distills the most vital content from the esteemed three-volume parent text, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, widely acknowledged as the definitive reference in the field, to bring you just the practical, hands-on information you need to effectively evaluate and manage the majority of neuro-ophthalmic conditions. A concise, intuitive organization speeds your access to today's best know-how, so you can efficiently provide optimal care to your patients. Features:* Make the best use of the newest imaging techniques, including OCT, high-resolution CT/MRI, and multifocal ERG.* Manage the full gamut of neuro-ophthalmological disorders with the aid of five sections that thoroughly cover the afferent visual system, the pupil, the efferent (oculomotor) system, the eyelid, and non-organic disorders.* Glean information at a glance through a highly visual presentation that includes clear diagrams, tables, and images, many now in color.* Evaluate complex eye movement disorders by viewing helpful videos online.Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:* Complete content with enhanced navigation* A powerful search that pulls results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web* Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation* Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text* Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues* Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use