It has been found that university students who were the least skilled at managing their emotions also had the lowest intention of seeking help from a variety of nonprofessional sources (e.g. family and friends). The present study sought to extend these findings by focusing on adolescents, examining a larger number of emotional competencies, and exploring the possibility that social support explains the relationship between emotional competence and help-seeking. A total of 137 adolescents (aged 16-18) completed an anonymous survey that assessed social support, emotional competencies, and intention to seek help from a variety of professional and nonprofessional sources. As expected, adolescents who were low in emotional awareness, and who were poor at identifying, describing, and managing their emotions, were the least likely to seek help from nonprofessional sources and had the highest intention of refusing help from everyone. However, low emotional competence was not related to intention to seek help from professional sources (e.g. mental health professionals). The significant results involving nonprofessional sources were only partially explained by social support, suggesting that even adolescents who had high quality support were less likely to make use of that support if they were low in emotional competence.


Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), working at high temperatures with an incomplete fuel oxidation process, have become an interesting candidate for combination with conventional power generation technology, such as gas turbines, in order to develop power plants that are both functional and efficient. An absolute condition for successful analysis and optimisation of such plants is the existence of reliable simulation tools. Through this research, the goal of creating a method for mathematical simulation of SOFCs suitable for thermodynamic analysis of SOFC/gas turbine hybrid systems has been accomplished. The results is an integrated electrochemical and thermal steady-state model capable of simulating the operating behaviour of a fuel cell, i.e. gas utilisation, power produced, energy efficiency, and current and temperature profiles for different operating conditions. The model was based on the combination of work of leading authors within SOFC modelling. Improvements have been made at single-cell modelling level avoiding many of the assumptions made by earlier researchers who have addressed SOFC modelling in connection with system studies. The improvements are mainly in description of polarisation loss of the cell and also in the heat transfer modelling. The model developed is capable of simulating bipolar, planar cell geometry and also planar tube design. To verify the accuracy of the model predictions for the planar tube design, a comparison was made with single-cell test data from Rolls Royce. Agreement with the electrochemical results is within 2.5% when modelling three-cell modules. For larger twenty-cell modules good agreement was obtained at higher fuel flows. A possible explanation of the disagreement between the results at lower fuel flows and higher current densities could be the uncertainty in the data for the diffusion loss model. For the bipolar planar design a verification test showed good agreement with other models from the literature. Sensitivity studies have been performed elucidate the effect of different assumptions regarding input data, in particular electrochemical reaction and reforming rates, on calculation of the cell performance and on the conclusions drawn. The results showed that the variation in the empirical correlation factors used may lead to significant variations in the calculated temperature and current density distributions and, consequently, different cell performances. To gain a more accurate assessment of the performance of SOFCs, the application of more advanced three-dimensional SOFC models in system studies has also been discussed. (Less)


Studies of children with autism have focused almost exclusively on "high-functioning" individuals with greater cognitive and verbal abilities. Severely affected children who require the most care—including many who cannot speak—have been left out, researchers say. Now, child psychiatrist Matthew Siegel is spearheading a six-member research consortium that will concentrate on low-functioning children to learn more about the role of speech in severe autism, co-morbidities, and genetic factors.


The constraints brought about by environmental and economical issues have been key elements for devising new techniques for skin-friction drag reduction in turbulent flows.

Several methodologies have been applied during the last thirty years. These methods can be categorised as active, passive, closed or open-loop. In general, these techniques
are mathematically modelled, then tested in experimental settings and numerical simulations. The numerical model for this study was based on the resolution of the full spatio-temporal scales through Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). With the advent of powerful high-end computing systems endowed with several thousands of processors and
relying on distributed memory programming, the performance deadlock due to highly resolved DNS is progressively being overcome. To study in a first principal basis a flow, DNS
based on an efficient flow solver called Incompact3d has been relied on more particularly focusing on the development of a large array of flow control techniques.

Motivated by extensive discussion in the literature, by experimental evidence and byrecent direct numerical simulations, we study flows over hydrophobic surfaces with shear-dependent slip lengths and we report their drag-reduction properties. The laminar channel-flow and pipe-flow solutions are derived and the effects of hydrophobicity are quantified by the decrease of the streamwise pressure gradient for constant mass flow rate and by the increase of the mass flow rate for constant streamwise pressure gradient. The nonlinear Lyapunov stability analysis is employed on the three-dimensional channel flow with walls featuring shear-dependent slip lengths. The feedback law extracted through the stability
analysis is recognized for the first time to coincide with the slip-length model used to represent the hydrophobic surfaces, thereby providing a precise physical interpretation for the feedback law advanced by Balogh et al. (2001). The theoretical framework by K. Fukagata, N. Kasagi, and P. Koumoutsakos is employed to model the drag-reduction effect engendered by the shear-dependent slip-length surfaces and the theoretical drag-reduction
values are in very good agreement with our direct numerical simulation data. The turbulent drag reduction is measured as a function of the hydrophobic-surface parameters and
is found to be a function of the time- and space-averaged slip length, irrespectively of the local and instantaneous slip behaviour at the wall. For slip parameters and flow conditions that could be realized in the laboratory, the maximum computed turbulent drag reduction is 50% and the drag reduction effect degrades when slip along the spanwise direction is considered. The power spent by the turbulent flow on the hydrophobic walls is computed for the first time and is found to be a non-negligible portion of the power saved through drag reduction, thereby recognizing the hydrophobic surfaces as a passive-absorbing drag-reduction method. The turbulent flow is further investigated through flow visualizations and statistics of the relevant quantities, such as vorticity and strain rates. When rescaled in drag-reduction viscous units, the streamwise vortices over the hydrophobic surface are strongly altered, while the low-speed streaks maintain their characteristic spanwise spacing. We finally show that the reduction of vortex stretching and enstrophy production is primarily caused by the eigenvectors of the strain rate tensor orienting perpendicularly to the vorticity vector.

In a second phase, several drag-reduction techniques were implemented and benchmarked. This step was motivated by the drag-reducing potential benefits of combined active-active
and active-passive techniques compared to those taken separately. With this objective in mind, three control techniques were selected and categorized as primary and secondary. The primary control method consisted in an array of steady rotating discs or rings embedded at the walls of the channel flow. The secondary methods consisting of opposition control or constant-slip hydrophobic surfaces were used to complement the primary one.
It was found that the combination of the the combination of these techniques did not result in the sum of the contributions of each technique taken separately.
In addition to these studies and developments within the code, various techniques for analysing the results have been implemented and used which are presenting a novel aspect for the within the flow control area: probabilistic and eigenvalue methods. All these methods are now part of a full-fledge revised version of the code and can be used in
parallel. An extensive guide has also been written for future users of the code for flow control problems.


Fresh food products have a high income elasticity of demand and few traditional trade barriers in high income markets. As such, they represent an important opportunity for less developed country (LDC) exporters. Fresh food product exports account for half of all food and agricultural exports from LDCs to high income countries. But these products may be subject to greater food safety risks and potential trade barriers arising from sanitary regulation. This paper reviews the challenges and issues facing LDCs in meeting food safety standards for export. These issues include: (a) the importance of fresh food product trade by region and the kinds of issues that arise from those products; (b) the role of farm to table approaches and hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) in ensuring safety; (c) the role of the public sector in LDCs in facilitating trade; (d) the potential role of the SPS Agreement in resolving disputes and determining equivalency of standards between high and low income countries.


The absorption of power is studied with fluid and gyrokinetic plasma models, when Alfven resonances provide for a weak damping in a partially standing wave field. Examples chosen in slab and toroidal geometry show that the fluid predictions based on resonance absorption are generally very different from the Landau damping of mode-converted slow waves. They, in particular, suggest that the continuum damping of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) and the power deposition profiles obtained in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) using fluid plasma models can be very misleading.


Small Business Entrepreneurship haves been seen as a hub in generating income for the majority of urban dwellers with no formal paid employment. In Tanzania, entry into small business entrepreneurship is usually not seen as a problem. One can start small business at any time and in any place. However, the development of this informal sector has been profoundly characterized by two parallel phenomena which are perhaps contradictory in character. One is the increasing politicization effort encouraging people to engage in Small and Medium Entrepreneurship (SME). This has led to the proliferation and mushrooming of small business most of which are in the form of petty trading, at least everywhere in the urban centres. The second is the parallel increase in events suggesting prevalence of crime and bureaucratic hurdles which affect SME and counter reaction from the small traders. While the second can be characterized as due to the increasing repressive action by city authority over vendors, the counter reaction behaviour of itinerant and small traders toward city authority is also evident in most urban areas. Generally, the sector is characterized by constant tension and feuds between small traders and urban authorities. Drawing on research findings, the present paper challenges the possibility of reducing poverty in Tanzania using the strategy of developing the small business entrepreneurship under the situation where there is an increasing level of petty crime and bureaucratic hurdles. It is argued and indeed, concluded that if the present intricate and controversial situation surrounding SME and small business is not reversed, if not brought to rest, the development of SME is on slippery slope. The option suggested to tame the conundrum includes, developing discourse portfolio between small traders and bureaucratic authority and authorities formulating policies that can promote development of small business entrepreneurship.


BackgroundCoronary spasm may be caused by endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, or both. We aimed to determine the relative role of endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm in the swine model in vivo. Methods and ResultsIn G6ttingen miniature pigs given a high cholesterol diet, a segment of the left coronary artery was denuded and irradiated with x-ray (total, 30 Gy). Three months after endothelial denudation and irradiation, vasomotor responses of the denuded and control sites to agonists were assessed by quantitative arteriography. Serotonin (10 μg/kg) provoked coronary spasm at the denuded site (diameter reduction, 79±6%) associated with ST elevation but not at the nondenuded control site (21±6%). Intracoronary infusion of N$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNNA, an inhibitor of endothelium- derived nitric oxide) of 1 and 3 mg/kg potentiated constriction evoked with serotonin (1, 3, 10 μg/kg) at the control site but did not alter it at the denuded site. However, serotonin-induced constriction after LNNA was still less at the control site (31±3%) than at the denuded site (80±5%). Endotheliumdependent vasodilation with substance P (0.1, 1, 10 ng/kg), which was inhibited by LNNA, was less (P<.01) at the denuded site than at the control site, whereas vasodilation with the nitrovasodilator SIN-i (0.1, 1, 10 ng/kg) was comparable between the two sites. Histological study revealed regenerated endothelial cells and intimal thickening at the denuded site ConclusionsThe results suggest that the denuded segment of the coronary artery with regenerated endothelium was associated with defective endothelium-dependent vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide and vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity to serotonin. However, provocation of coronary spasm with serotonin resulted primarily from vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity but not by defective nitric oxide production in this swine model.


Commenting on J. Lacan as a reader of Freud, the author notes that both saw the importance of the Ideal Self during the period they called « puberty ». They use this term in a way that is devoid of biologism, in place of our modern one of « adolescence ». In psychosis, it is an avatar of this process that J. Lacan denounces in the onset of psychosis, namely the impossibility for the subject to introject the Ideal Self which has been projected.


Recognising the paradigm shift in African biblical studies where the image of a "decontextualized and non-ideological" scientific Bible reader is slowly being replaced with one of a "contextualized and ideological" reader, this research seeks to explore and understand the role of the "ordinary readers" in the development of biblical interpretation in colonial Kenya. It seeks to understand whether the semi-illiterate and illiterate can engage the Bible as capable hermeneuts. The study uses postcolonial criticism to recover and reconstruct the historical encounters of the Agĩkũyũ with the Bible. It reveals that ordinary African readers actively and creatively engaged biblical texts in the moment of colonial transformation using several reading strategies and reading resources. Despite the colonial hegemonic positioning, these Africans hybridised readings from the Bible through retrieval and incorporation of the defunct pre-colonial past; creating interstices that became sites for assimilation, questioning and resistance. The study proposes an African hermeneutic theory that accepts both scholarly readers and the ordinary readers with respect to biblical interpretation as constitutive of a community of readers positioned in a particular sociocultural milieu. It invites the socially engaged scholars to commit to: reading the Bible from the experienced reality of societal margins; reading communally with each other; and to read critically. The metaphor Sokoni (at the marketplace) is proposed as the starting point in which both the "ordinary" readers and scholarly readers can engage the Bible through the language of the African theatre and storytelling.


Soft shadows are effective depth and shape cues. However, traditional shadowing algorithms decrease the luminance in shadow areas. The features in shadow become dark and thus shadowing causes information hiding. For this reason, in shadowed areas, medical illustrators decrease the luminance less and compensate the lower luminance range by adding color, i.e., by introducing a chromatic component. This paper presents a novel technique which enables an interactive setup of an illustrative shadow representation for preventing overdarkening of important structures. We introduce a scalar attribute for every voxel denoted as shadowiness and propose a shadow transfer function that maps the shadowiness to a color and a blend factor. Typically, the blend factor increases linearly with the shadowiness. We then let the original object color blend with the shadow color according to the blend factor. We suggest a specific shadow transfer function, designed together with a medical illustrator which shifts the shadow color towards blue. This shadow transfer function is quantitatively evaluated with respect to relative depth and surface perception.


This paper uses a model and historical data from California in 1860, a time at which property rights were uncertain, to investigate the links among property rights, production, and violence. Consistent with the model, squatters had production that was 15-47 percent lower than non squatters; a 10 percent increase in the density of squatters was associated with an 8-17 percent decrease in agricultural output per acre, and, at levels above the mean, increased density of squatters was associated with higher levels of violence. The market for squatting does not appear to have been in equilibrium. This may reflect the imperfect information available to squatters, sorting based on a taste for violence, or our use of aggregate data. We then compare our results on agricultural production for California to results for other states west of the Mississippi in 1860 and in 1880. The negative effects of squatting were widespread in 1860, but by 1880 the effects had abated in many places as the number of squatters fell. The results on production and violence have implications for understanding the historical development of agriculture in the United States more broadly, since squatting on agricultural land was prevalent throughout the United States, and for understanding agriculture in the Third World, since uncertain property rights in agricultural land are still an issue today.


This study aims to produce teacher books and student books to determine the feasibility of the validation results of learning model expert. This research is a research and development, which consists of (1) research and data collection, (2) planning, (3) development of drafts product, (4) expert validation, (5) revision based on experts, (6) limited trials, (7) improvements to the product of limited trials, (8) field trials, (9) improvements of the final product, and (10) product dissemination. The experimental subjects in this study were students of fourth grade in Public Elementary School in Barat Aceh. The results of the study show that: a teacher and student book has been produced based on gender and diversity that is feasible to be applied in elementary schools in Aceh Barat with several revisions. Validation results obtained are 68% with a high category and the interval is 61% to 80%. Thus it can be concluded that the developed teacher and student textbooks are suitable for use in elementary schools.


Studies of climate change litigation have proliferated over the past two decades, as lawsuits across the world increasingly bring policy debates about climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as climate change‐related loss and damage to the attention of courts. We systematically identify 130 articles on climate change litigation published in English in the law and social sciences between 2000 and 2018 to identify research trajectories. In addition to a budding interdisciplinarity in scholarly interest in climate change litigation we also document a growing understanding of the full spectrum of actors involved and implicated in climate lawsuits and the range of motivations and/or strategic imperatives underpinning their engagement with the law. Situating this within the broader academic literature on the topic we then highlight a number of cutting edge trends and opportunities for future research. Four emerging themes are explored in detail: the relationship between litigation and governance; how time and scale feature in climate litigation; the role of science; and what has been coined the "human rights turn" in climate change litigation. We highlight the limits of existing work and the need for future research—not limited to legal scholarship—to evaluate the impact of both regulatory and anti‐regulatory climate‐related lawsuits, and to explore a wider set of jurisdictions, actors and themes. Addressing these issues and questions will help to develop a deeper understanding of the conditions under which litigation will strengthen or undermine climate governance.


The UN Security Council has recently referred the situation in Darfur, Sudan, to the International Criminal Court. This has been hailed as a breakthrough in international criminal justice. However, aspects of the referral resolution can be criticized from the point of view of their consistency with both the Rome Statute and the UN Charter. The limitations of the referral with respect to whom the Court may investigate also raise issues with respect to the rule of law. In addition, Sudan has accused the Security Council of acting in a neo-colonial fashion by referring the situation in Darfur to the Court. This article investigates these criticisms against the background of the international system in which international criminal law operates, and concludes that although the referral cannot be considered neo-colonial in nature, the referral can be criticized as selective and as an incomplete reaction to the crisis in Darfur. The referral remains, however, a positive step.


This study deals with interactional processes in conversational discourse, and the way they may get 'syntacticized' into grammatical constructions. It investigates the link between discourse function and syntactic form, and the ways in which grammatical form is a reflection on communicative function, through examining the communicative functions of Left-Dislocation in English. The investigation is corpus-based, and focuses on spontaneous conversation, but other discourse types are also taken into account. The overall perspective is resolutely empirical, and preconceptions about the possible functions of Left-Dislocation are avoided. Contents 1. Theoretical preliminaries; 2. Referent-introduction (1): interaction; 3. Referent-introduction (2): recoverability; 4. Referent-introduction (3): topicality; 5. Other functions of LD; 6. Prosodic aspects of LD; 7. LD in other discourse types; 8. A broader perspecitive; 9. General conclusion; Notes, Appendices, References, Subject and author indices.


Many of the issues that are today part of the discussions surrounding international investment agreements were first dealt with when governments sought to negotiate a United Nations Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations (and various related instruments) almost 40 years ago. The Code was meant to establish a multilateral framework to define, in a balanced manner, the rights and responsibilities of transnational corporations and host country governments in their relations with each other. This article looks at the origins of these negotiations, the underlying interest situations of the participating country groups, the experience of related negotiations, the actual negotiations of the Code, the reasons for the failure of the negotiations, the current situation, and factors driving change. The article concludes with lessons learned from the Code and related negotiations. These lessons may be of interest to current efforts to improve the international investment law and policy regime.


Biodispersants are detergent-like products made by dissolving biosurfactants in solvents. Biosurfactants, comparing with their chemical counterparts, have advantages of lower eco-toxicity, as well as higher biodegradability and stability. Biodispersants have the great potential to be applied as the reagent for offshore oil spill response. However, relevant topics were rarely reported in literature due to the extremely limited biodispersants available and the high cost of biosurfactant production.
This study thus tried to fill the research gap through enhancing the producting of biosurfactants so as to decrease the cost and generating biodispersant products for oil spill response. The biosurfactants were produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis sp. SB-1A, a strain isolated from the North Atlantic Ocean. Effects of culturing conditions including the carbon source, the nitrogen source, pH and salinity were investigated through the One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) experiments. Surface tension and the reciprocal of critical micelle concentration (CMC-1) of the cell-free culture were monitored periodically. A kinetics model was established to represent the time course of biosurfactant production. Under the determined culturing conditions (3.5 v/v% N-hexadecane, 0.7 g/L NH4NO3, pH 7 and 26 g/L NaCl), the surface tension of culture mediums was reduced by 40 dynes/cm with a CMC-1 of 11.9 after 40 hours of cultivation. The produced biosurfactants were further characterized. Results indicated that the total carbohydrate content in 1 g of biosurfactants was 8.4 mg in term of D-glucose, and the total lipid content in 1 g of biosurfactants was 11.6 mg in term of Palmitic acid.
Multiple solvents were selected to mixed with the biosurfactants, respectively, to obtain the biodispersants. The solvents were screened based on their toxicity and the effectiveness of relevant dispersants generated. The final formula of the biodispersant was determined as 16.7%/ 83.3% (biosurfactants/ PEG 400). The biodispersant-based dispersion was further examined using a motor oil sample and a crude oil sample. The performance was compared with the commercial chemical dispersant Corexit 9527. Results showed that compared with Corexit 9527, the biodispersant could achieve a compatible dispersant effectiveness (DE) when treating the motor oil and a higher DE for treating the crude oil. Through the biodegradation test, 45% of the biodispersed crude oil was biodegraded by the biodispersant assisted dispersion after 28 days of dispersion treatment without spiking any oil-degrading bacteria. The toxicity of the biodispersed oil was reduced by 50% after 28 days. The research outputs provided an evidence for applying biodispersants as a promising alternative reagent for offshore oil spill response.


To obtain information concerning the time course and instantaneous distribution of the excitatory process of the normal human heart, studies were made on isolated human hearts from seven individuals who died from various cerebral conditions, but who had no history of cardiac disease. Measurements were made from as many as 870 intramural terminals.In the isolated human hearts three endocardial areas were synchronously excited 0 to 5 msec after the start of the left ventricular activity potential. These areas increased rapidly in size during the next 5 to 10 msec and became confluent in 15 to 20 msec. The left ventricular areas first excited were (1) high on the anterior paraseptal wall just below the attachment of the mitral valve; (2) central on the left surface of the interventricular septum and (3) posterior paraseptal about one third of the distance from apex to base. The last part of the left ventricle to be activated usually was the posterobasal area. Endocardial activation of the right ventricle was found to start near the insertion of the anterior papillary muscle 5 to 10 msec after onset of the left ventricular cavity potential. Septal activation started in the middle third of the left side of the interventricular septum, somewhat anteriorly, and at the lower third at the junction of the septum and posterior wall. The epicardial excitation pattern reflected the movements of the intramural excitation wave. Conduction velocity was determined in one heart by an appropriate stimulation technic. Atrial excitation, explored in two hearts, spread more or less according to concentric isochronic lines.Control studies, carried out on five canine hearts, disclosed that the pattern of ventricular excitation did not change after isolation and perfusion. However, total excitation was completed earlier in the isolated heart, and conduction velocity increased.Careful mapping illustrations are presented.


This investigation comprised two studies aimed at identifying the relationship, if any, between beliefs about the formal or functional nature of learning English as a foreign language and learning behaviour in a vocabulary learning computer environment. Two measurement tools were developed. A questionnaire was developed to measure beliefs of a general nature about the task of learning a foreign language, definition of the formalfunctional components of language learning activities, and beliefs about the efficacy of the same language activities. This was done to observe the correlations, if any, between formal-functional bias in general beliefs and preferences for specific activities which respondents have previously defined in formal-functional terms. A hypertext program was also developed. This program consisted of vocabulary learning materials with code built into the programming which recorded user interaction in log files. Using the logged data, general beliefs and beliefs about the efficacy of language learning activities could then be compared with preference for inductive and deductive learning, passive and productive practice, and effort invested in the task as measured by the number of screens accessed and time spent on the task. The two studies making up the investigation consisted of a pilot study to test the questionnaire and a main study, combining the questionnaire and software. The Main Study was done in four stages with the first three stages being used to pilot the software and the final stage functioning as the source of data on subject behaviour. Questionnaire data was compared with the logged data and post-hoc interviews served to triangulate the logged data. A qualitative analysis of subject behaviour in the computer environment was also carried out. Main fmdings for questionnaire data were that formal-functional bias in general beliefs may be related to preference for formal or functional activities. Beliefs regarding knowledge of target language culture or learning context may be more closely related to formal-functional preferences than beliefs regarding grammar or vocabulary. Regarding correlational relationships with logged data, beliefs appeared to be less important than prior knowledge of target vocabulary. Subjects showed a consistent pattern of variation of preferences according to level of prior knowledge while effort invested showed a bellshaped curve with increasing prior knowledge. Formal-Functional biases in general beliefs had correlational relationships with effort invested, but the direction of the relationships varied according to the belief. Main conclusions were that the pattern of interaction suggested subjects were acting autonomously. In exercising this autonomy, they were influenced by their beliefs, but level of prior knowledge of the task was more important in determining how they learned or practiced the target vocabulary. Regarding pedagogical implications, it was argued that the formal-functional distinction has little pedagogical value in terms of understanding language learners. Finally, it was concluded that this research has shown that language learners' metacognitive knowledge of the task of language learning is a resource which teachers ignore at their peril.


This essay on Ghassan Kanafani—militant, political writer and essayist, literary innovator, and preeminent Palestinian novelist—is another in what JPS hopes will become an ongoing, if occasional, series foregrounding individuals (some known, others unknown to the outside world or forgotten) who embody some dimension of the Palestinian Resistance in the early years of its existence. Several such pieces have appeared in recent issues of JPS , notably "Two Portraits in Resistance," commemorating two remarkable figures who left other lives to serve the movement, published in JPS 164, and the landmark 1996 interview with Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish, published in JPS 165.

Though less of a household name than the slightly younger Darwish, Kanafani, assassinated in 1972 at age thirty-six by a Mossad bomb planted in his automobile, was known during his lifetime in almost equal measure for his political work and writings and for the novels and short stories that today constitute his enduring legacy. In this evocative remembrance of Kanafani written on the fortieth anniversary of his death, Lebanese novelist Elias Khoury treats the two strands, literary and revolutionary, as inextricably intertwined, two sides of the same coin. The piece was originally published in Arabic in JPS 's sister publication, Majallat al-Dirasat al-Filastiniyya, no. 92, autumn 2012, and translated for JPS by Maia Tabet.


Europa Sacra: Raccolte agiografiche e identita politiche in Europa fra Medioevo ed Eta moderna. Edited by Sofia Boesch Gajano and Raimondo Michetti. (Rome: Carocci Editore. 2002. Pp. 432. euro26.40 paperback.) The papers reproduced in this volume were originally presented at a symposium of the Associazione Italiana per lo studio dei Santi, dei Culti e delI'Agiografia (Italian Association for the Study of Sanctity, Cults, and Hagiography). The meeting was convened to discuss late-medieval and early-modern hagiographical collections and the role they played in the sanctification of states and territories. This volume consists of twenty-two essays and a foreword and introduction from the volume's co-editors Sofia Boesch Gajano and Raimondo Michetti. In total, it presents the research of twenty-six scholars in some 430 pages. Although the focus inevitably falls on Roman Catholicism, particularly on Italian Catholic Reformation works, the collection is also augmented with pieces on early-modern Protestantism and Orthodox Russia. The geographical limits of the study are quite broad, ranging from Ireland in the west to Central and Eastern Europe and to Calabria in the south. But while the geographical view is quite extensive, the chronological scope is relatively limited, with most of the papers being firmly fixed in the period of a little more than two hundred years between the late fifteenth and the early eighteenth centuries. One advantage of this particular time-frame has been to illuminate the continuities that exist between the hagiographical traditions of the later Middle Ages and the work of Caesar Baronius and other great early-modern hagiographers, who have long been identified as major forces in the Catholic Reformation's reassessments of hagiography. As a result, the accomplishments of the later sixteenth and seventeenth centuries now stand out, not so much in stark contrast to the earlier period, but as the logical continuation and extension of fifteenth-century change. Given the large group of scholars that participated in these meetings, one would not expect to find a common viewpoint in a conference proceedings of this nature. The book does not present a single, or even several points of view. Instead the collection shows a variety of perspectives on the problem of hagiography and its use as a force in state and territorial sacralization in early-modern Europe. The wide-ranging approach is also mirrored in the volume's use of languages. Fourteen of the twenty-four papers are written in Italian, four each in English and French, one in German, and one in Spanish. Such inclusiveness, though,has an unhappy downside: this will likely be a collection used only by specialists. Those hoping to find a "state of the art" presentation of current issues in the study of hagiography will be disappointed. Instead the book is a bonanza for the expert who hopes to mine it for new approaches to the problems surrounding the late medieval and early-modern cult of the saints, for information about certain textual traditions, and for insights into the interrelated themes of hagiography and state sacralization. To bring order to these pieces, the editors have arranged them into three sections. The first treats case studies in which hagiographical collections became a vehicle for elaborating upon the character of the late-medieval and earlymodern territorial state as a "Holy Land." The case studies here present examples from Irish, Belgian, Polish, Bavarian, Russian, Spanish, and Italian sources. For readers in the Anglo-American world, the contributions of Padraig O Riain on late sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century Ireland and that of Trevor Johnson on early-modern Bavaria may be of special interest. O Riain recounts the efforts of expatriate Irish scholars to collect and reconstruct the island's late-medieval hagiographical collections following the destructions of the country's monasteries as a result of English-sponsored dissolution. …


The properties of an all-optical 2R regenerator based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are investigated. The regeneration is based on the nonlinear FWM transfer function and a study of the system's static behavior reveals the operating conditions, under which the transfer function approaches most the ideal, step-like discrimination characteristic function. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed in order to overcome the SOAs speed limitations due to limited carrier dynamics. The simulations with dynamic input data by means of extinction ratio (ER) and Q-factor calculations, showed satisfactory regenerative behavior up to 40 Gb/s.


The concept of spacetime has long been used in physics to refer to models that integrate 3D space and time as a single 4D continuum. We argue in this paper that it is also advantageous to use this concept in a practical geographic context by realizing a true 4D model, where time is modeled and implemented as a dimension in the same manner as the three spatial dimensions. Within this paper we focus on 4D vector objects, which can be implemented using dimension-independent data structures such as generalized maps. A 4D vector model allows us to create and manipulate models with actual 4D objects and the topological relationships connecting them, all of which have a geometric interpretation and can be constructed, modified, and queried. In this paper we discuss where such a 4D model fits with respect to other spatiotemporal modeling approaches, and we show concretely how higher-dimensional modeling can be used to represent such 4D objects and topological relationships. In addition, we explain how the 4D objects in such a system can be created and manipulated using a small set of implementable operations, which use simple 3D space and 1D time inputs for intuitiveness and which modify the underlying 4D model indirectly.


The phase-inversion temperature (PIT) phenomenon is for the first time given a quantitative treatment for systems having a sufficiently small surfactant content to be limited to two phases at the PIT. The results show that the early opinion of a phase transfer of the surfactant as the major event in the transversal of the temperature range is not entirely correct; the major phenomenon is instead an expulsion of water from the low-temperature aqueous micellar solution. In addition, the results unexpectedly give an indication of the existence of three phases at temperatures beneath the PIT, in spite of the the fact that system consists of only two phases at the actual PIT.


This paper uses linked establishment-firm-employee data to examine the relationship between the scientists and engineers proportion (SEP) of employment, and productivity and labor earnings. We show that: (1) most scientists and engineers in industry are employed in establishments producing goods or services, and do not perform research and development (RD (2) productivity is higher in manufacturing establishments with higher SEP, and increases with increases in SEP; (3) employee earnings are higher in manufacturing establishments with higher SEP, and increase substantially for employees who move to establishments with higher SEP, but only modestly for employees within an establishment when SEP increases in the establishment. The results suggest that the work of scientists and engineers in goods and services producing establishments is an important pathway for increasing productivity and earnings, separate and distinct from the work of scientists and engineers who perform R&D.


Component Analysis (PCA) to extract Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) signals, the selection of principal components (PCs) is an important issue. We propose a new method here that selects only the appropriate PCs. We denote the method as selective eigen-rate (SER). In the method, the VEP is reconstructed based on the rate of the eigen-values of the PCs. When this technique is applied on emulated VEP signals added with background electroencephalogram (EEG), with a focus on extracting the evoked P3 parameter, it is found to be feasible. The improvement in signal to noise ratio (SNR) is superior to two other existing methods of PC selection: Kaiser (KSR) and Residual Power (RP). Though another PC selection method, Spectral Power Ratio (SPR) gives a comparable SNR with high noise factors (i.e. EEGs), SER give more impressive results in such cases. Next, we applied SER method to real VEP signals to analyse the P3 responses for matched and non-matched stimuli. The P3 parameters extracted through our proposed SER method showed higher P3 response for matched stimulus, which confirms to the existing neuroscience knowledge. Single trial PCA using KSR and RP methods failed to indicate any difference for the stimuli.


The increasing popularity and availability of multicore processors is creating a whole new set of challenges--although you can enjoy true concurrency, you're now faced with higher contention and synchronization issues. Deploying an existing application on a multicore processor may bring out previously hidden concurrency issues. Java's multi-threading facility by itself isn't enough---it's a very low level abstraction. Instead, you need a paradigm that provides a higher level of abstraction to deal with concurrency. It's time to embrace Functional Programming. Scala is a hybrid Object-Oriented/Functional Programming language on the JVM. Using Scala, you can create traditional imperative programs, intermix them with Java code, and at the same time take advantage of higher levels of abstraction. You can use features that lead to concise, highly expressive code that remove the pain of dealing with concurrency. Programming Scala will show you the fundamentals of functional programming using Scala. Very quickly, you'll learn how this statically typed language can give you dynamic capabilities to create concise, scalable, highly capable concurrent code. Pragmatic programmers always use the right tool for the job. For concurrent programming on the Java VM, Scala is the tool, and Programming Scala by award-winning author Venkat Subramaniam is your guide.


Business activities are increasingly organized through networks. This article considers the value network of the Finnish grocery industry, a network where the web of relationships between two or more companies creates tangible and intangible value through the complex and dynamic exchanges. In value networks the relationships between the participants of the network tend to be more complex than the traditional make-buy-relationships, as companies create value together through different types of relationships such as deep buyer-supplier-relationships or strategic partnerships. This variance in the nature and level of collaborative relationships poses new challenges to knowledge sharing. Complementing previous research on the challenges to knowledge sharing in other network settings, this article explores the knowledge sharing challenges specific to value networks based on a qualitative case study about the value network of the Finnish grocery industry. The data consists of 32 thematic interviews of top and upper management representatives from 16 companies in the value network. The results show that the current collaborative relationships in the Finnish grocery industry are functional and working, but mostly just traditional "arms-length" buyer-supplier-relationships. However, the challenges to knowledge sharing seem to be somewhat different to those present in other network settings. The challenges to knowledge sharing in value networks do not seem to concern so much the opportunities for knowledge sharing, but the motivational and cultural factors affecting what knowledge is shared and how much knowledge is shared. Based on these results, the knowledge sharing challenges of the value network can be crystallized under three points. First, the focus of knowledge sharing has been on information, and the organizational arrangements do not encourage the sharing of valuable know-how. Second, the organizational cultures and top management directives do not encourage external knowledge sharing, and therefore knowledge is not shared. And third, the experiences of past abuses of trust and the retail groups renewed focus on price bargaining undermine the trust between the companies, thus inhibiting knowledge sharing.


Objective Prenatal infection is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. The objective of this paper is to study the role of complement protein C1q in the psychosis of adult offspring after maternal immune activation (MIA). In addition, effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF: a tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] agonist) was also examined. Methods Western blot analysis of C1q in the brain regions from adult offspring after prenatal poly(I:C) (5.0 mg/kg/day from E12 to E17) exposure was performed. 7,8-DHF or vehicle was given from 4 to 8-weeks old. Results Expression of C1q in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult offspring from poly(I:C)-treated pregnant mice was significantly higher than that of control group. Early treatment with 7,8-DHF during juvenile and adolescent stages could prevent an increase of C1q in the PFC of adult offspring after MIA. Conclusion Therefore, it is likely that increased C1q expression in the frontal cortex may play a role in the behavioral abnormalities of adult offspring after MIA. Furthermore, supplementation with a TrkB agonist such as 7,8-DHF during the prodromal stage may have prophylactic effects on the behavioral abnormalities after MIA.


Since the 1940s Americans and Britons have come to enjoy an era of rising material abundance. Yet this has been accompanied by a range of social and personal disorders, including family breakdown, addiction, mental instability, crime, obesity, inequality, economic insecurity, and declining trust. Avner Offer argues that well-being has lagged behind affluence in these societies, because they present an environment in which consistent choices are difficult to achieve over different time ranges and in which the capacity for personal and social commitment is undermined by the flow of novelty. His approach draws on economics and social science, makes use of the latest cognitive research, and provides a detailed and reasoned critique of modern consumer society, especially the assumption that freedom of choice necessarily maximizes individual and social well-being. The book falls into three parts. Part one analyses the ways in which economic resources map on to human welfare, why choice is so intractable, and how commitment to people and institutions is sustained. It argues that choice is constrained by prior obligation and reciprocity. The second section then applies these conceptual arguments to comparative empirical studies of advertising, of eating and obesity, and of the production and acquisition of appliances and automobiles. Finally, in part three, Offer investigates social and personal relations in the USA and Britain, including inter-personal regard, the rewards and reversals of status, the social and psychological costs of inequality, and the challenges posed to heterosexual love and to parenthood by the rise of affluence.


As part of a regional cooperation project on the reduction of earthquake risk in the Central American countries Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua (RESIS-II), one of the major work tasks consists in the identification of the structural and non-structural seismic vulnerability of schools, hospitals and health centres.
The regional cooperation project RESIS II (Reduccion de Riesgo Sismico) is focused on earthquake risk reduction for the Central American countries Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua, project funded by the Norwegian Embassy in Managua (Nicaragua) and headed by NORSAR (Norway). Beside a number of project tasks dealing with seismic hazard and risk assessment, a main part of the project is allocated to earthquake vulnerability studies of those buildings that are of major importance to the society: schools and hospitals. The integrity of schools and hospital buildings during an earthquake disaster is of utmost importance.
As given by PAHO (2004) the safety of a health facility (hospital) is determined by four different modules:
geographic location (natural and man-made hazards or dangers, geotechnical properties of soils at the site);
structural safety (structural vulnerability determined by the building's design and primary structural system);
non-structural safety (non-structural elements such like infill walls, equipment, installations or furniture may not influence the building's stability but it may put people and the contents of the building at risk and increases the follow-up losses during evacuation); and functional capacity (how hospital personnel is trained and organized in disaster situations is crucial in order to assess the hospitals functionality after the event).
As for any building, the assessment of the structural vulnerability is of utmost importance in order to get an idea about the building's exposure to suffer structural damage as a direct effect of earthquake shaking. However, especially for high-priority structures like hospitals and schools non-structural and functional vulnerability can lead to severe follow-up losses in the direct aftermath of an event and in the weeks or months to follow.[1]
In this work a study on the seismic vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete structures is presented, with special focus on schools and hospitals in Central America.
The evaluation of seismic risk is an actual problem, many earthquakes all over the word occur each day, so it is important the assessment and the reduction of seismic risk; it can be evaluated as the product with hazard and vulnerability.
This work has two goals: do vulnerability analysis for representative buildings of analysed schools and hospitals with a mechanical model; and check a survey card formulated ad hoc and the correspondent method for vulnerability evaluation based on questionnaires.
For each category (schools and hospitals), representatives buildings are chosen following to surveys done ad hoc in Central America, which have allowed to chose really representative buildings, and to have all necessary information about geometry, structural peculiarities and materials.
Detailed analysis are used to compute structural vulnerability of reinforced concrete existing structures; suitable structural models and the corresponding non-linear lumped plasticity models are generated. The seismic capacity is determined via pushover analysis and by the transformation of the equivalent SDOF capacity curve into bilinear form. The resulting lateral strength and displacement capacity are considered for selected limit states; also the effective period is retrieved. Combining structural capacity with seismic demand through Capacity Spectrum Method, fragility functions are derived for each representative building of schools or hospitals.


GH secretagogues (GHS) are synthetic ghrelin receptor agonists that stimulate GH secretion. It is not clear whether they act predominantly by stimulating the secretion of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), or directly on the somatotrope cells. In addition, it is not known whether combined treatment with GHRH and GHS has synergistic effects on growth. To address these questions, we used the GH-deficient GHRH knock out (GHRHKO) mouse model, which has severe somatotrope cell hypoplasia. We treated GHRHKO mice for 5 weeks (from week 1 to week 6 of age) with the GHRH analogue JI-38 alone, or in combination with a GHS (GHRP-2), and at the end of the treatment we examined their response to an acute stimulus with GHRP-2 or GHRP-2 plus JI-38. We used placebo-treated GHRHKO mice and animals heterozygous for the GHRHKO allele as controls. Animals treated with JI-38+GHRP-2 reached higher body length and weight than animals treated with JI-38 alone. All the animals receiving JI-38 (with or without GHRP-2) showed similar correction of somatotrope cell hypoplasia. None of the GHRHKO animals showed a serum GH response to the acute stimulation with GHRP-2 alone, while both treated groups responded to the combined test with JI-38 + GHRP-2. These data demonstrate that in GHRHKO mice, GHRP-2 has a growth-stimulating effect that augments the response induced by JI-38. In addition, the presence of GHRH seems necessary for the stimulation of GH secretion by GHRP-2.


A feasibility study has coupled a helium microwave-induced plasma (MIP) and a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for nonmetal determination. In the He MIP, compounds containing nonmetal atoms are fragmented and the resulting atoms excited. Strong nonmetal emission from such elements as C, N, and O then appears on a weak, relatively unstructured plasma background in the near-infrared region (800–2000 nm). Results are sufficiently promising that continuing studies are suggested, involving both dispersive and multiplex spectrometers.


The UpWind project is a European research project that focuses on the necessary up-scaling of wind energy in 2020. Among the problems that hinder the development of wind energy are measurement problems. For example: to experimentally confirm a theoretical improvement in energy production of a few percent of a new design by field experiments is very hard to almost impossible. As long as convincing field tests have not confirmed the actual improvement, the industry will not invest much to change the turbine design. This is an example that clarifies why the development of wind energy is hindered by metrology problems (measurement problems). Other examples are in the fields of: • Warranty performance measurements • Improvement of aerodynamic codes • Assessment of wind resources In general terms the uncertainties of the testing techniques and methods are typically much higher than the requirements. Since this problem covers many areas of wind energy, the work package is defined as a crosscutting activity. The objectives of the metrology work package are to develop metrology tools in wind energy to significantly enhance the quality of measurement and testing techniques. The first deliverable was to perform a state of the art assessment to identify all relevant measurands. The required accuracies and required sampling frequencies have been identified from the perspective of the users of the data (the other work packages in UpWind). This work led to the definition of the Metrology Database, which is a valuable tool for the further assessment and interest has been shown from other work packages, such as Training. This report describes the activities that have been carried out in the Work Package 1A2 Metrology of the UpWind project. Activities from Risø are described in a separate report: T.F. Pedersen and R. Wagner, 'Advancements in Wind Energy Metrology UPWIND 1A2.3', Risø-R1752.


Devenney's chapter in this 'riveting collection of essays[which]provokes from [Zizek] a response that might rank among the very
best of his many polemical interventions' (Rifkin, Middlesex University) interrogates Zizek's mobilising of Lacanian psychoanalysis to develop his account and critique of contemporary capitalism. Devenney argues that Zizek idealises the notion of the political act as an event breaking with an established order, and further posits that he fails to provide a robust anddefensible account of contemporary capitalism. His text elicited a robust reply from Zizek, countering Devenney's specificclaims, and published in the book's conclusion.Devenney's chapter is contextualised by the contributions of established European and US scholars also published in this book, which has sparked a significant international debate. Devenney's contribution redefines the political implications of post-structuralist thought. Contrary to other theoreticians, Zizek has consistently insisted on a critical politics while drawing on the theoretical developments broadly termed post-structuralist. His insistence on a critical politics, Devenney asserts, demonstrates failure to engage both theoretically and empirically with the very politics that Zizek proposes as so critical. This critique of Zizek's work furthers Devenney's substantial research project developing an account of contemporary capitalism that draws upon the various critiques of Marxism and insisting upon a critical engagement with the hegemonic social structures.

Devenney's considered polemic complements his earlier Ethics and Politics in Contemporary Theory (2004), which developed a similar analytical framework in relation to Habermas and Laclau.


Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men worldwide. The need for its early diagnosis with a high sensitivity and accuracy to preclude worsening of PCa has led to increasing work on the detection of multiple biomarkers for PCa. One approach relies on the use of DNA aptamers raised against a range of PCa biomarkers. DNA aptamers, which bind with high affinity and specificity to target markers, are promising synthetic biorecognition molecules that can be used for the development of multiplexed biosensors. DNA aptamers have a number of advantages over antibodies, in particular with regards to their lower cost, easy manipulation and potential for controlled chemical attachment to electrodes. We report on the development of novel techniques to detect different biomarkers for PCa using aptamers. In this study various detection methods are being investigated, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, amperometry and localized surface plasmon resonance techniques (LSPR). Novel surface modification strategies are also being developed, e.g. impedimetric detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) with aptamers together with a thiol-terminated sulfo-betaine, which may allow detection of PSA levels down to 1 ng/mL. The sulfo-betaine derivative also prevents any significant non-specific binding of control proteins such as human serum albumin. Additionally, in order to increase the sensitivity of our PSA aptasensor, a novel approach is being developed where a PSA-binding peptide conjugated with gold nanoparticles is used in conjunction with a DNA aptamer to perform a sandwich assay using the LSPR technique. As part of the search for enhanced PCa diagnosis, the detection of the biomarker α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) is also being investigated using DNA aptamers. AMACR levels are consistently increased in early PCa, and antibody staining of biopsy samples is currently used for diagnosis. The best aptamer sequence for an on-surface detection of the AMACR protein has been identified using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The studies undertaken demonstrate the potential use of DNA aptamers for the development of a range of multiplexed detection platforms for early and accurate PCa diagnosis.


This is an instructional guide for a senior course in business. It is based on specific questions provided by the professor.


Some scholars suggest that John Locke's revisions to the chapter "Of Power" for the 1694 second edition of his Essay concerning Human Understanding may be indebted to the Cambridge Platonist, Ralph Cudworth. Their claims partly rest on evidence that Locke may have had access to Cudworth's unpublished manuscript treatises on free will and moral accountability. In this paper, Jacqueline Broad examines an alternative suggestion — the claim that Cudworth's daughter, Damaris Cudworth Masham, and not Cudworth himself, may have exerted an influence on Locke's revisions. The plausibility of this claim is discussed in light of the relevant historical and textual evidence.


Shaun Kennedy has over ten years of experience in digital printing applications. He is really excited about the next generation of digital book production systems, stating, 'Traditional book printers always worried about their digital presses becoming obsolete every two to five years, as the growth in digital systems' competence made their investment rather short-lived. This has often caused book printers to leave digital printing aside, believing that it will continue to improve.'


type="main" xml:lang="en"> The last two decades have seen far-reaching changes in the structure of the international monetary system. Europe moved from the European Monetary System to the euro. China adopted a dollar peg and then moved to a basket, band and crawl in 2005. Emerging markets passed through a series of crises, leading some to adopt regimes of greater exchange rate flexibility and others to rethink the pace of capital account liberalization. Interpreting these developments is no easy task: some observers conclude that recent trends are confirmation of the 'bipolar view' that intermediate exchange rate arrangements are disappearing, while members of the 'fear of floating school' conclude precisely the opposite. We show that the two views can be reconciled if one distinguishes countries by their stage of economic and financial development. Among the advanced countries, intermediate regimes have essentially disappeared; this supports the bipolar view for the group of countries for which it was first developed. Within this subgroup, the dominant movement has been toward hard pegs, reflecting monetary unification in Europe. While emerging markets have also seen a decline in the prevalence of intermediate arrangements, these regimes still account for more than a third of the relevant subsample. Here the majority of the evacuees have moved to floats rather than fixes, reflecting the absence of EMU-like arrangements in other parts of the world. Among developing countries, the prevalence of intermediate regimes has again declined, but less dramatically. Where these regimes accounted for two-thirds of the developing country subsample in 1990, they account for a bit more than half of that subsample today. As with emerging markets, the majority of those abandoning the middle have moved to floats rather than hard pegs. The gradual nature of these trends does not suggest that intermediate regimes will disappear outside the advanced countries anytime soon. — Barry Eichengreen and Raul Razo-Garcia


Hypsometry has historically been used as an indicator of geomorphic form of catchments and landforms. Yet there has been little work aimed at relating hypsometry to landform process and scale. This paper uses the SIBERIA catchment evolution model to explore linkages between catchment process and hypsometry. SIBERIA generates results that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to observed hypsometric curves for physically realistic parameters. However, we show that not only does the hypsometry reflect landscape runoff and erosion process, but it is strongly dependent on channel network and catchment geometry. We show that the width to length ratio of the catchment has a significant influence on the shape of the hypsometric curve, though little on the hypsometric integral. For landforms dominated by fluvial sediment transport, the classic Strahler 'mature' hypsometric curve is only generated for catchments with roughly equal width and length. Narrow catchments show a hypsometric curve more similar to Strahler's 'monadnock' form. For landscapes dominated by diffusive transport, the simulated hypsometric curve is concave-down everywhere, this being consistent with curves reported for some example catchments in France. Because the transition between diffusive dominance to fluvial is scale-dependent, with larger catchments exhibiting greater fluvial dominance, then the hypsometric curve is a scale-dependent descriptor of landforms. Experimental results for simulated landforms from a small-scale rainfall-erosion simulator are reported. It is shown that SIBERIA yields satisfactory fits to the data, confirming its ability to predict the form of the hypsometric curve from a simple model of geomorphic processes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The conditions and characteristics of child and adolescent psychotherapy in clinical practice are known to differ from those found in research settings. This is a concern for psychologists who aim to provide evidence-based practice within the scientist-practitioner model. In partial replication of a previous North American survey (Kazdin, Siegel & Bass, 1990), this study drew on New Zealand mental health practitioners' experience in order to identify clinically relevant future research directions. Two hundred and three mental health practitioners from a variety of professional backgrounds reported on their assessment and treatment practices, perception of typical outcomes, beliefs about factors affecting outcome, and adherence to aspects of the scientist-practitioner model. Apart from the types of therapies used, the conditions and characteristics of practice reported here differed from those typically found in research. A number of research imperatives were identified including issues related to: developing clinically representative outcome studies; transporting empirically supported therapies to the clinic setting; and continuing the search for common factors to guide practice. The need to continually review and critique the research underlying empirical support for therapies was highlighted. as were the possible pitfalls of failing to do so.


While little is known about the actual diet of free-ranging anoas, a study on their digestive physiology yielded results similar to other intermediate feeders. Among the ruminants, this species is particularly interesting, as, on the one hand, most of its closer relatives – the bovini, i.e. cattle and buffaloes – show extreme adaptations to grazing niche, but on the other hand, the anoa has a (secondarily) reduced body size usually associated with a more intermediate or browsing dietary niche. Here, we report the digestive macroscopic anatomy of a 21 year-old, 53 kg captive lowland anoa that was euthanised after a longer period of therapy-resistant diarrheoa and inability to stand. The results were compared to measurements published for other ruminants. The anoa showed several anatomical characteristics typical for the bovini (and considered typical for other grazers), such as an unpapillated dorsal ruminal mucosa, unpapillated, thick rumen pillars, pronounced reticular crests with secondary and tertiary crests, four orders of omasal laminae, and a large masseter muscle. In contrast, the omasal laminar area was small compared to data published for other species, and the parotis glands were comparatively large. The findings represent an unusual combination of anatomical characteristics for a ruminant that should be corroborated in more individuals, and could represent a retrograde change from a grazing back to an intermediate adaptation. It could be suspected that the anoa can make better use of grass-based diets than other intermediate feeders.


According to article 24 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), preferential trade arrangements (custom unions) and free trade areas are allowed by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The GATT requires that these agreements cover substantially all trade and that existing external tariffs should not be raised by the countries concluding free trade agreements. Article 24 of GATT stipulates that:A free-trade area shall be understood to mean a group of two or more customs territories in which the duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce.. .are eliminated on substantially all the trade between the constituent territories in products originating in such territories.1Unfortunately, the prescriptions of article 24 requiring substantially all trade to be covered by a free trade area have never been enforced, and in fact, what "substantially all trade" means has never been defined.2 As a result, many free trade agreements have often excluded sensitive sectors like agriculture but those agreements have still been accepted by the GATT With an eye to article 24, Canada's chief negotiator for the Canada-EU agreement, Steve Verheul, has stated that "we have agreed from the start everything is on the table."3 Thus, one major objective of this article is to assess the major challenges that the Canada-EU negotiators will face in tackling the entrenched agricultural trade barriers that exist on both sides of the Atlantic.In October 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper of Canada and President Nicolas Sarkozy of France confirmed during the Canada-EU summit that Canada and the EU would explore the possibility ofa free trade agreement. A few months later, in May 2009, the launch of the negotiations for a comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA) was announced. The negotiations are expected to take two and a half years to complete. The first round of talks was held in October 2009, followed by further discussions in January, April, July, and October 2010, and January, April, and July 2011. After seven rounds of negotiations, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada indicated that significant progress had been achieved in several sectors, such as goods, services, investment, and government procurement, and that the electronic commerce chapter had been dosed.4 Less progress had been made on other areas, including agriculture.In October 2008, Canada and the EU released a joint study, "Assessing the costs and benefits ofa closer EU-Canada economic partnership," which outlines the economic benefits that could arise from closer economic integration, namely that GDP in Europe would increase by 0.08 percent and in Canada by 0.77 percent.5 This study is the source of the estimated $12 billion benefit to Canada that is often mentioned in news reports. Canada and the EU have agreed that the major areas for negotiation are trade in goods and services, investment, government procurement, regulatory cooperation, intellectual property, temporary entry of business persons, competition policy, labour, and the environment.6 The results of these types of economic-impact studies should be interpreted with caution as the assessments are completed in isolation from all other factors and subject to important assumptions. For example, one of the basic assumptions of this study is that Doha round of WTO negotiations would be completed and successful. Also, the study was completed before the global financial and economic crises. Thus it provides only an indication of possible impacts on the participating countries, subject to different assumptions and no change in the external factors.The attempt to create closer economic cooperation between Canada and the EU has been given a boost by three factors. First is the glacial pace of the Doha development agenda at the WTO. The long and inconclusive multilateral trade negotiations have resulted in an increased interest in regional trade agreements. Clearly, if the Doha round had been concluded successfully, the CETA negotiations on agriculture would have been easier: export subsidies in agriculture would have been eliminated; sensitive food products largely exempt from liberalization would have been clearly identified; and initial tariff levels would have been lower. …


We have fit the far-ultraviolet (FUV) to sub-millimeter (850 μm) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the 61 galaxies from the Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH). The fitting has been performed using three models: the Code for Investigating GALaxy Evolution (CIGALE), the GRAphite-SILicate approach (GRASIL), and the Multiwavelength Analysis of Galaxy PHYSical properties (MAGPHYS). We have analyzed the results of the three codes in terms of the SED shapes, and by comparing the derived quantities with simple "recipes" for stellar mass (Mstar), star-formation rate (SFR), dust mass (Mdust), and monochromatic luminosities. Although the algorithms rely on different assumptions for star-formation history, dust attenuation and dust reprocessing, they all well approximate the observed SEDs and are in generally good agreement for the associated quantities. However, the three codes show very different behavior in the mid-infrared regime: in the 5–10 μm region dominated by PAH emission, and also between 25 and 70 μm where there are no observational constraints for the KINGFISH sample. We find that different algorithms give discordant SFR estimates for galaxies with low specific SFR, and that the standard recipes for calculating FUV absorption overestimate the extinction compared to the SED-fitting results. Results also suggest that assuming a "standard" constant stellar mass-to-light ratio overestimates Mstar relative to the SED fitting, and we provide new SED-based formulations for estimating Mstar from WISE W1 (3.4 μm) luminosities and colors. From a principal component analysis of Mstar, SFR, Mdust, and O/H, we reproduce previous scaling relations among Mstar, SFR, and O/H, and find that Mdust can be predicted to within ∼0.3 dex using only Mstar and SFR.


In this paper we show that, in hybrid wavelength division multiplexed systems, the performance of high datatrate QPSK channels impaired by cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the lower rate OOK channels can be simply estimated by an extension of a well-known linear model for XPM, and novel analytical expressions of the sensitivity penalty are provided. From such a model we prove that the reported QPSK penalty decrease with QPSK baud rate increase should be attributed to the action of the phase estimation process rather than to the walkoff effect. The model also simply shows how coherent QPSK is more affected by XPM than incoherent DQPSK, and allows to infer that even more impact is expected when the baudrate is further reduced through polarization multiplexing.


Simulating propagation of sound and audio rendering can improve the sense of realism and the immersion both
in complex acoustic environments and dynamic virtual scenes. In studies of sound auralization, the focus has
always been on room acoustics modeling, but most of the same methods are also applicable in the construction of
virtual environments such as those developed to facilitate computer gaming, cognitive research, and simulated
training scenarios. This paper is a review of state-of-the-art techniques that are based on acoustic principles that
apply not only to real rooms but also in 3D virtual environments. The paper also highlights the need to expand
the field of immersive sound in a web based browsing environment, because, despite the interest and many
benefits, few developments seem to have taken place within this context. Moreover, the paper includes a list
of the most effective algorithms used for modelling spatial sound propagation and reports their advantages and
disadvantages. Finally, the paper emphasizes in the evaluation of these proposed works.


Automated scenario generation for virtual training has become an emerging research problem, as manual authoring is often time consuming and costly. In this paper, we present a mission-based scenario modeling and generation framework for virtual training. In particular, we consider the issue of how the timing of the events in a scenario can impact the training process and how to incorporate such impact into the scenario generation. To this end, our framework is designed to explicitly capture the propagated effect of an event and its influence to other events. For representing mission-based scenarios, the concepts of mission objectives, events, and scenario beats are introduced. The generation process is designed to generate scenarios that can tailor to trainer's preference and adapt to different trainees' skill levels. The efficacy of the proposed framework is demonstrated through an empirical study of human players in a food distribution training game.


Abstract This paper discusses the link between international migration and democratisation from an actor-oriented perspective on the basis of the mobilising efforts by key civil society actors engaged in the promotion of the rights of migrant workers through developing strategies towards movement building and by capitalising on political opportunities that have appeared on the global level. Being pitched at the global level and at organising patterns via the network form, the analytical framework developed takes as its starting point global justice perspectives and then builds upon insights from social movement and constructivist International Relations scholarship. It is argued that what is emerging are (1) movement practices in migrant rights networks which are putting forward increasingly coherent claims that transcend the conventional thinking about global governance and human rights (rights-assuming advocacy); and (2) that such practices are effectively transgressing interstate political arenas (participatory, rights-producing politics). It is on the basis of the cooperation between the 2 main protagonists, trade unions and migrant rights associations, that strategic positioning of migrant rights issues within the global policy debate is taking place, with the aim of promoting a rights-based approach (RBA) to migration and its governance. The combination of rights-producing politics and rights-assuming advocacy is expressed in the RBA to migration which involves the reframing of migrants rights as well as attempts to democratise migration governance in participatory terms.


We show the feasibility of automatic waveguide formation by means of the self-trapping effect of multimode optical fiber irradiation into a photopolymerizing resin. By using a graded-index multimode optical fiber, we experimentally obtained a straight waveguide of over 20 mm in length. It is shown that its growth properties, such as waveguide shape and diameter, depend on the propagation modal distribution along the optical fiber used for the waveguide formation. Moreover, an all-solid polymer optical waveguide that relies on the selective photopolymerization proceeding into the photopolymerizing resin mixture is also demonstrated. We call this type of waveguide a light-induced self-written optical waveguide. The measured propagation loss in the waveguide is 1.0 dB/cm or less for the wavelength range 0.8/spl sim/1.0 /spl mu/m. The proposed technology is capable of eliminating both costly lenses and the need for an alignment system from optical waveguide devices.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of schools in encouraging students' outside reading habits. The study was carried out during the first semester of 2014-2015. In order to understand the role of schools, mainly principals and teachers, two methods of enquiry were employed. First was the collection and analysis of 64 essays that were written by teachers from various schools in Irbid, north of Jordan, as a response to the following question, "Why do you think children in Jordan do not read beyond their schoolwork?" Second, it is the analysis of 12 interviews, which were carried out with a purposeful sample of 12 school principals. Four categories emerged from the essays and the interviews that describe the challenges involved in promoting outside reading for children: Parents' ineffective role, Jordanian culture and reading, emphasis on school curriculum, and technology misuse. Participants recommended that a curriculum reform that includes reading outside of school is needed, providing interesting reading material, providing comfortable places for children to read, as well as the significant role of parents in encouraging their children to read by being role models.


Statistical approaches to dialog state tracking synthesize information across multiple turns in the dialog, overcoming some speech recognition errors. When training a dialog state tracker, there is typically only a small corpus of well-matched dialog data available. However, often there is a large corpus of mis-matched but related data ‐ perhaps pertaining to different semantic concepts, or from a different dialog system. It would be desirable to use this related dialog data to supplement the small corpus of well-matched dialog data. This paper addresses this task as multi-domain learning, presenting 3 methods which synthesize data from different slots and different dialog systems. Since deploying a new dialog state tracker often changes the resulting dialogs in ways that are difficult to predict, we study how well each method generalizes to unseen distributions of dialog data. Our main result is the finding that a simple method for multi-domain learning substantially improves performance in highly mis-matched conditions.


This article draws from a qualitative study of seven beginning teachers' perceptions of diversity over a period of 6–18 months. The study found that while initial teacher training had broadened their understanding of diversity and its implication for teaching, it was established pedagogical practices in their schools that influenced the novices' ongoing understanding of responsiveness to learner diversity. For these novices, the influence of the structures and systems of their school contexts began to restrict their pedagogical stance. Based on the reported findings and wider research data, the article argues the need for ongoing critical professional support for beginning teachers who can deepen their understanding of learner diversity and its pedagogical implications. It underscores the importance of a genuine partnership between schools and teacher education providers to enable the continuation of critical professional support for novices, particularly in contexts where there are no mandatory links between preservice programmes and beginning teaching like New Zealand, where this study was undertaken. The author contends that it is unrealistic otherwise to expect beginning teachers not only to challenge entrenched practices but also to sustain the efforts of initial teacher education programmes in preparing them to be responsive to diverse learners.


Annie Dodge Wauneka, a member of the Navajo Tribal Council in Window Rock, Arizona, from 1951 to 1978, advocated for improved lifestyle, disease prevention, and access to medical knowledge in the Navajo Indian Reservation, later renamed the Navajo Nation. Wauneka served as chair of the Health and Welfare Committee of the Navajo Tribal Council and as a member of the US Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Indian Health. Wauneka advocated for initiatives aimed at promoting education, preventing tuberculosis, and reducing the infant mortality rate. In 1963, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Wauneka's initiatives to educate mothers about child health and increase hospital births reduced infant mortality rates in the Navajo Indian Reservation during the twentieth century.


In this paper we study several problems concerning the number of homomorphisms of trees. We begin with an algorithm for the number of homomorphisms from a tree to any graph. By using this algorithm and some transformations on trees, we study various extremal problems about the number of homomorphisms of trees. These applications include a far reaching generalization and a dual of Bollobas  and Tyomkyn's result concerning the number of walks in trees. Some other main results of the paper are the following. Denote by $\hom(H,G)$ the number of homomorphisms from a graph $H$ to a graph $G$. For any tree $T_m$ on $m$ vertices we give a general lower bound for $\hom(T_m,G)$ by certain entropies of Markov chains defined on the graph $G$. As a particular case, we show that for any graph $G$, $$\exp(H_{\lambda}(G))\lambda^{m-1}\leq\hom(T_m,G),$$ where $\lambda$ is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $G$ and $H_{\lambda}(G)$ is a certain constant depending only on $G$ which we call the spectral entropy of $G$. We also show that if $T_m$ is any fixed tree and $$\hom(T_m,P_n)>\hom(T_m,T_n),$$for some tree $T_n$ on $n$ vertices, then $T_n$ must be the tree obtained from a path $P_{n-1}$ by attaching a pendant vertex to the second vertex of $P_{n-1}$. All the results together enable us to show that among all trees with fixed number of vertices, the path graph has the fewest number of endomorphisms while the star graph has the most.


We deal with the problem of learning probabilistic models of terrain surfaces from sparse and noisy elevation measurements. The key idea is to formalize this as a regression problem and to derive a solution based on nonstationary Gaussian processes. We describe how to achieve a sparse approximation of the model, which makes the model applicable to real‐world data sets. The main benefits of our model are that (1) it does not require a discretization of space, (2) it also provides the uncertainty for its predictions, and (3) it adapts its covariance function to the observed data, allowing more accurate inference of terrain elevation at points that have not been observed directly. As a second contribution, we describe how a legged robot equipped with a laser range finder can utilize the developed terrain model to plan and execute a path over rough terrain. We show how a motion planner can use the learned terrain model to plan a path to a goal location, using a terrain‐specific cost model to accept or reject candidate footholds. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first legged robotics system to autonomously sense, plan, and traverse a terrain surface of the given complexity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper attempts to contextualise the public engagement agenda in the UK. It is an
introductory review of literature on citizen participation, deliberative democracy and dialogue
studies, as well as of key policy statements and initiatives globally and in the UK.
Let me explain the motivation behind this simplified synthesis of such a vast field. The more I
speak to public engagement practitioners the more I realise that there is a remarkable
disconnection between different areas of practice. For instance, those who work in the area
of science public engagement often ignore the wealth of expertise available in other fields
(i.e. local community engagement). Those who work in community engagement, for
instance, ignore what researchers and practitioners of deliberative democracy are doing.
You get the picture; there is a remarkable disconnection between fields that could work in
synergy. This situation creates missed opportunities. Public engagement practitioners face
similar challenges and often struggle without knowing that sometimes they may be trying to
reinvent the wheel. For instance, science engagement practitioners currently face normative
dilemmas that have been already addressed by deliberative scholars (i.e. inclusion;
legitimacy).
Accordingly, this review introduces the broad context of public engagement by outlining key
theoretical debates, as well as drawing global and UK trends in terms of policy ad practice. It
should serve as an invitation to further reading (thus the exhaustive referencing), but also as
a quick introduction that connects diverse areas of public engagement, inscribing them into
their wider context, namely, democratic practice in the 21st century.


Background. Most people with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) have a very inactive lifestyle. Higher activity levels have been associated with health benefits and enhanced quality of life. Consequently, encouraging an active lifestyle is important and behavioral interventions are needed to establish durable lifestyle changes. Objective. The Healthy Active Behavioral Intervention in SCI (HABITS) study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured self-management intervention to promote an active lifestyle in inactive persons with long-term SCI. Methods. This assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted at 4 specialized SCI units in the Netherlands. Sixty-four individuals with long-term SCI (>10 years), wheelchair-user and physically inactive, were included. Participants were randomized to either a 16-week self-management intervention consisting of group meetings and individual counseling and a book, or to a control group that only received information about active lifestyle by one group meeting and a book. Measurements were performed at baseline, 16 weeks, and 42 weeks. Primary outcome measures were self-reported physical activity and minutes per day spent in wheelchair driving. Secondary outcomes included perceived behavioral control (exercise self-efficacy, proactive coping), stages of change concerning exercise, and attitude toward exercise. Results. Mixed models analyses adjusted for age, sex, level of SCI, time since injury, baseline body mass index, and location did not show significant differences between the intervention and control groups on the primary and secondary outcomes (P ≥ .05). Conclusions. A structured 16-week self-management intervention was not effective to change behavior toward a more active lifestyle and to improve perceived behavioral control, stages of change, and attitude.


Electromyography (EMG) is the study of the electrical activity of the muscle. This technique is often used in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. Myopathy is one of these cases, which affect the muscle and causes many changes in the electromyography signal characteristics. This paper presents a new method for analysis and classification of normal and myopathy EMG signals based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Classification algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision Tree (DT), Discriminant Analysis (DA) and Naïve Bayes (NB) were used as classifiers in our study. Five Features were extracted from the continuous wavelet analysis and used as inputs to the mentioned classifiers. Comparison between different classification methods developed in this study was made by evaluation of their results based on multiple scalar performances, mainly accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Different combinations of features with different kernel functions were discussed to achieve better performances. Results showed that k-NN classifier achieved the best performances with an accuracy value of 93.68%.


This article considers the role of Rosenbergian uncertainty (i.e., economic uncertainties that arise after successful invention) in shaping appropriability for start-up innovators. Rather than assuming that the appropriability regime surrounding an innovation is exogenous, we focus on the endogenous choice entrepreneurs face between investing in ensuring control-based appropriability versus investing in the execution and operation of their fledgling businesses. Investment in execution allows entrepreneurs to advance more quickly than competitors, while control requires delays in commercialization. Control and execution are strategic substitutes, as they represent alternative paths to earning future rents. Because the size and likelihood of these rents are uncertain, entrepreneurs may be unable to rank these alternative paths in advance, and so their endogenous choice will be grounded in factors such as individual preferences, capabilities, or coherence with their overall entrepreneurial strategy. A subtle consequence is that the appropriability regime ultimately governing an innovation will be the result of the endogenous choices of the entrepreneur rather than more traditional environmental factors. Motivated by notable historical examples such as the invention and commercialization of the telephone, we explore these ideas by considering the choice of appropriability regime among a sample of academic entrepreneurs: within a sample of ventures that could have been developed by either faculty or students (or both), we find that faculty-led ventures are much more closely associated with formal intellectual property, student-led ventures are more rapid in their commercialization activities, and, relative to faculty-led ventures, student-led ventures display a trade-off between patenting and commercialization speed.


In this paper we utilise the risk factors from both the finance and energy economics literatures to develop an improved asset pricing model (the Augmented-Four-Factor Model or AFFM) in the context of the European energy utility sector. In addition, we undertake inter-sectoral and inter-temporal analyses using the risk factors in our AFFM. Our results show our AFFM captures the greatest proportion of returns relative to other models. Further, stock market risk factors (most notably the market, size, value and momentum premia) explain a much greater proportion of average returns than term and commodity risk factors. Our inter-sectoral results show that, relative to other sectors, energy utilities are defensive stocks over the period analysed (1996 to 2013). However, our inter-temporal analysis shows that market beta has been increasing through time, from 0.710 in 1996 to 1.037 in 2013; the European energy utility sector is becoming increasingly exposed to systematic risk. Further, despite regulatory changes, designed to counteract the dominance of big energy utilities, the size premium has increased over time. Finally, the value and momentum premia are evident one to two years after the three EU energy sector liberalisation packages of 1996 and 1998, 2003, and 2009. In particular, the energy sector becomes extremely distressed following the third liberalisation package.


Next generation computerized healthcare services are destined to be knowledge-centric—i.e. leveraging best-evidence and best clinical practices to provide evidence-informed, patient-centered, safe, timely, and cost-effective care services. In this paper, we present an health informatics based clinical decision support infrastructure—termed as ADVICE (Agile Decisional Validation and Individualized Care Environment)—that offers evidence-informed decision support services for both physicians and patients. The ADVICE infrastructure (Fig 1) purports an integrated healthcare environment that syngerizes both healthcare knowledge and healthcare data to derive decision support services. The key functional aspects of ADVICE are: (a) transformation and translation of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) to evidence-informed decision-support for physicians; (b) engagement and empowerment of patients in their care process; and (c) health data analytics to derive health operational intelligence. We take a knowledge management approach to develop the key modules of the ADVICE infrastructure, which are as follows: (A) Physician Oriented Clinical Decision Support: This module offers the functionality to develop CPG based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) that can be deployed within an health institution to provide evidence-informed patient care at the point-of-care. We have developed a semantic web based CPG operationalization framework that comprises three main modules: (a) CPG computerization, whereby we use our CPG ontology (Fig 2) to semantically model and computerize disease-specific CPG; (b) CPG institutionalization, whereby a generic computerized CPG is institutionalized with respect to an institution's constraints, such as policies, resources, quality indicators. This is achieved by employing workflow modeling methods to transform the computerized CPG to an institution-specific clinical workflow; and (c) CPG operationalization, whereby a computerized clinical workflow is executed using patient data to deliver evidence-informed care recommendations to physicians. We have developed specialized CPG execution engines that operationalize a computerized CPG to provide recommendations for both single disease and comorbid diseases. The CDSS can be integrated with EMR and delivered through web-based interfaces and mobile devices. (B) Patient-Oriented Care Services: ADVICE offers a continuum of personalized, proactive and persistent home-based care services designed to assist patients throughout their care journey. The key patient-oriented care services offered are: (i) Personalized CarePlan that depicts the longitudinal discourse of the patient's care journey (fig 3); (ii) Personalized Self-management Programs to educate patients to self-manage their conditions. Educational and motivations interventions are tailored based on the patient's health and behavior profiles, and are delivered to patients through mobile devices (smart phones); (iii) Patient Surveillance to monitor the health state of a patient and then provide rapid response in need of care. This is achieved by continuously processing patient data from a range of home-based health monitoring devices and then generating alerts based on patient-specific alert rules. ADVICE infrastructure offers an innovative suite of technology-enabled healthcare services delivered through mobile devices and secure websites. ADVICE offers a new approach to the determination of care interventions—i.e. integrating clinical factors with patient-specific health, psychosocial and behavioral aspects to contextualize the care interventions. We will present demonstrator CDSS (fig 4) and patient self-management applications for cancer care, comorbid congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation.