Technology continues to grow from year to year. One such technology is e-mail that has been developed since 1975 until now. Many people have suffered losses due to missing some information about the conferences in the world and this technology helps to provide all the information about the conferences held in the world to the participants of the conference. This website contains data and the overall schedule of the conference held in the world by using e-mail technology can help participants to obtain various kinds of information and schedules, especially for a conference held in the world, e-mail technology is used to transmit and provide information regularly to the participants of the conference.  Based on test results, this website can perform the function add an event to provide conference schedule, and update events to change the provider of input errors on the results of the conference and can also send emails automatically and globally to provide information to the participants in accordance with the desired interest while also e-mail is also biased to provide information about the participants kehangusan members so that it can be a reminder to participants.


This study included the following experiments: (1) effects of dextrose solution (250 mL of water containing 75 g of dextrose) or honey solution (250 mL of water containing 75 g of natural honey) on plasma glucose level (PGL), plasma insulin, and plasma C-peptide (eight subjects); (2) effects of dextrose, honey, or artificial honey (250 mL of water containing 35 g of dextrose and 40 g of fructose) on cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) (nine subjects); (3) effects of honey solution, administered for 15 days, on PGL, blood lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (eight subjects); (4) effects of honey or artificial honey on cholesterol and TG in six patients with hypercholesterolemia and five patients with hypertriglyceridemia; (5) effects of honey for 15 days on blood lipid and CRP in five patients with elevated cholesterol and CRP; (6) effects of 70 g of dextrose or 90 g of honey on PGL in seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; and (7) effects of 30 g of sucrose or 30 g of honey on PGL, plasma insulin, and plasma C-peptide in five diabetic patients. In healthy subjects, dextrose elevated PGL at 1 (53%) and 2 (3%) hours, and decreased PGL after 3 hours (20%). Honey elevated PGL after 1 hour (14%) and decreased it after 3 hours (10%). Elevation of insulin and C-peptide was significantly higher after dextrose than after honey. Dextrose slightly reduced cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) after 1 hour and significantly after 2 hours, and increased TG after 1, 2, and 3 hours. Artificial honey slightly decreased cholesterol and LDL-C and elevated TG. Honey reduced cholesterol, LDL-C, and TG and slightly elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Honey consumed for 15 days decreased cholesterol (7%), LDL-C (1%), TG (2%), CRP (7%), homocysteine (6%), and PGL (6%), and increased HDL-C (2%). In patients with hypertriglyceridemia, artificial honey increased TG, while honey decreased TG. In patients with hyperlipidemia, artificial honey increased LDL-C, while honey decreased LDL-C. Honey decreased cholesterol (8%), LDL-C (11%), and CRP (75%) after 15 days. In diabetic patients, honey compared with dextrose caused a significantly lower rise of PGL. Elevation of PGL was greater after honey than after sucrose at 30 minutes, and was lower after honey than it was after sucrose at 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Honey caused greater elevation of insulin than sucrose did after 30, 120, and 180 minutes. Honey reduces blood lipids, homocysteine, and CRP in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. Honey compared with dextrose and sucrose caused lower elevation of PGL in diabetics.


Previous studies on tidal water table dynamics in unconfined coastal aquifers have focused on the inland propagation of oceanic tides in the cross-shore direction based on the assumption of a straight coastline. Here, two-dimensional analytical solutions are derived to study the effects of rhythmic coastlines on tidal water table fluctuations. The computational results demonstrate that the alongshore variations of the coastline can affect the water table behavior significantly, especially in areas near the centers of the headland and embayment. With the coastline shape effects ignored, traditional analytical solutions may lead to large errors in predicting coastal water table fluctuations or in estimating the aquifer's properties based on these signals. The conditions under which the coastline shape needs to be considered are derived from the new analytical solution.


We investigated potential impacts of earlier sea ice retreat and timing of the spring bloom on overwintering copepodites (CIV) of Calanus glacialis, the main primary consumer in Arctic shelf seas. By field studies and laboratory experiments, we following the feeding and growth of C. glacialis under different light (dark/light) and food (starved/fed) conditions, spring 2013, in high-Arctic Svalbard. We carefully monitored the molting rate, lipid content and fatty acid composition in field and laboratory specimens, simultaneously, over a 2 months period. Field results indicated that CIV were in dormancy (diapause) until the light returned. Both light and food appeared to be important "wake-up" triggers from diapause. Growth and development, however, were strongly regulated by food. In field, the main molting from CIV to CV occurred 2-3 weeks after the onset of the spring bloom (June) which corresponded well with the experimental results where the fed ones molted end of April after 3 weeks of intensive feeding, while the starved ones not. Our results suggest that C. glacialis quickly respond to external cues, being able to adapt to a changing Arctic.


As a major labor force of cities, young people provide a huge driving force for urban innovation and development, and contribute to urban industrial upgrading and restructuring. In addition, with the acceleration of urbanization in China, the young floating population has increased rapidly, causing over-urbanization and creating certain social problems. It is important to analyze the demand of urban youth and promote their social integration. With the development of the mobile Internet and the improvement of the city express system, ordering food delivery has become a popular and convenient way to dine, especially in China. Food delivery data have a significant user attribute where the ages of most delivery customers are under 35 years old. In this paper, we introduce food delivery data as a new data source in urban functional zone detection and propose a time-series-based clustering approach to discover the urban hotspot areas of young people. The work and living areas were effectively identified according to the human behavioral characteristics of ordering food delivery. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between young people and the industry structure of Hangzhou and discovered that the geographical distribution of the identified work areas was similar to that of the Internet and e-commerce companies. The characteristics of the identified living areas were also analyzed in combination with the distribution of subway lines and residential communities, and it was found that the living areas were mainly distributed along subway lines and that urban villages appeared in the living hotspot regions, indicating that transportation and living cost were two important factors in the choice of residential location for young people. The findings of this paper can help urban industrial and residential planning and young population management.


This study describes the effect of quality management on forest regeneration activities in privately-owned forests in southern Finland. The study material consists of two mail surveys conducted in 2006 and 2007. The questionnaires were sent to forestry professionals in Forest Owners' Associations (FOAs), who had either participated (participants) or not (non-participants) in the forest regeneration quality management interventions in years 2000–2006. Quality management interventions of the FOAs included field inventories, feedback meetings, and education sessions about quality techniques. The activities of participant and non-participant FOAs were compared in terms of the available resources, the actions taken, and the aspirations for improvement. In the FOAs, which had participated in quality management, the number of excavator contractors had increased by 16% more than in the non-participant FOAs. The contractors had acquired 23% more soil preparation equipment under the supervision of the participant forestry professionals. The soil preparation method used in conjunction with Norway spruce that had most increased in use was patch mounding. Seedlings that were 1.5 years and older were used by participant forestry professionals in the planting of Norway spruce 11% more than by non-participants. The planting workers had attended 14% more educational sessions, while the use of self-control measurements in soil preparation and planting density had been adopted 10% more frequently under the supervision of the forestry professionals participating in the quality management. A greater interest in obtaining feedback by using quality control inventories was also found among forestry professionals who participated in quality management.


The tillage operations required to grow an annual barley and cotton crop rotation were reduced by eliminating tillage prior to planting cotton, eliminating cultivations for weed control in cotton, and especially by eliminating tillage following cotton. A light activated, weed sensing automatic spot-spray system reduced the amount of spray volume and herbicide used by 40% to 60% at Marana and 36% to 56% at Maricopa in 2004. At Maricopa, a large number of volunteer cotton plants in the furrows of early planted no-till cotton reduced the spray volume savings from using the weed sensing automatic spot-spray system. Weed control was similar with the weed sensing, automatic spot-spray system compared to the conventional continuous spray system for most weed species but weeds with narrow leaf, upright leaf canopies such as sprangletop, barley and skeleton weed were more difficult to detect and control. In both Marana and Maricopa, there were yield differences between treatments related to planting date, with late-planted cotton yielding less than early-planted cotton. At Marana, the early-planted conventional tillage cotton out-yielded the barley cover crop, early-planted no-till cotton treatment. At Maricopa, there were no yield differences between the two early planted cotton treatments; however, the late-planted conventionally tilled cotton yielded 28% more than the late-planted no-till cotton. Although the yield comparisons are not yet definitive, it appears that in some situations no-till cotton may yield less than conventionally tilled cotton. At Maricopa, the height of cereal crop stubble did not affect subsequent cotton establishment, field populations, plant height or lint production (2003 and 2004) and the position or node of the first fruiting branch and the first retained boll were similarly unaffected in 2004.


Twenty-five years ago, when the Psychology of Programming Interest Group (PPIG) was established, the concept of programming seemed rather robust and clear. With Turing's characterisation of algorithms at its core, its meaning could be safely broadened to include the many peripheral activities surrounding the production of software that – as can be inferred from the Call for Papers – have become the natural habitat for PPIG. Today, the nature and status of programming is much murkier. For instance, in his state-of-the-art reflections on programming [13], Chris Granger poses the questions What is programming? and What is wrong with programming?. Despite the great promise – and perhaps even greater expectations – for applications of computational thinking, programming issues that were perceived as of the essence are no longer so prominently represented in computingin-the-wild. For instance, the programming languages SCRATCH and Go – with radically different motivations – shift the focus from programming paradigms, formal programming language semantics and sophisticated abstract programming constructs to highly pragmatic issues relating to the experience of the developer. This paper makes the case that in understanding this intellectual development in approaches to program-related activity it is helpful to stop stretching the notion of 'programming' ever wider and to appeal instead to a broader complementary concept. To this end, in this paper, we propose to confine the term 'programming' to the authentic meaning it acquires through Turing's characterisation, and address the wider agenda to which it has been enlisted – and through which its meaning has been adulterated – by introducing the notion of 'making construals'. This proposal reflects twenty-five years of parallel development of Empirical Modelling, an approach to computing that has taken much inspiration and encouragement from the PPIG agenda [7, 9, 11].


Sustainability has become one of the challenges of today's banks. Since sustainable business models are responsible for the environment and society along with generating economic benefits, they are an attractive approach to sustainability. Sustainable business models also offer banks competitive advantages such as increasing brand reputation and cost reduction. However, no framework is presented to evaluate the sustainability of banking business models. To bridge this theoretical gap, the current study using A Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process method, firstly, developed a sustainable business model to evaluate the sustainability of the business model of banks. In the second step, the sustainability performance of sixteen banks from eight European countries including Norway, The UK, Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, assessed. The proposed business model components of this study were ranked in terms of their impact on achieving sustainability goals. Consequently, the proposed model components of this study, based on their impact on sustainability, are respectively value proposition, core competencies, financial aspects, business processes, target customers, resources, technology, customer interface, and partner network. The results of the comparison of the banks studied by each country disclosed that the sustainability of the Norwegian and German banks' business models is higher than in other counties. The studied banks of Hungary and Spain came in second, the banks of The UK, Poland, and France ranked third, and finally, the Italian banks ranked fourth in the sustainability of their business models.


Although forest wildfires threaten to impoverish vast expanses of once fire-resistant humid tropical forest, their effects on the vertebrate fauna remain poorly understood. We report results from a study in central Brazilian Amazonia examining a large area of terra firma (unflooded) forest that had been affected by fires during the 1997–1998 El Nino-mediated dry season. By sampling 0.25-ha forest plots both one and three years after fire disturbance, we noted that over time the bird community became increasingly dissimilar from that in unburned control plots. The influences of burn severity and recurrent fires were then examined across 28 plots that were all sampled three years after the fires. Foraging guilds differed in their responses to the gradient of increasing burn severity; most guilds declined, although arboreal granivores, frugivores, and nectarivores showed unimodal responses and arboreal gleaning insectivores increased. These responses were strongly correlated with associated changes in the habitat structure and reflected differences in resource abundance where this was quantified. Rates of species turnover were high, and there was virtually no species overlap between unburned forest plots and those that had burned in more than one El Nino dry season. Our results indicate that, unless conservation strategies can prevent a recurrent fire regime from becoming established in seasonally dry tropical forests, only nonforest and second-growth bird species, which are of minimal conservation importance, will be able to persist in fire-prone landscapes of the future.


Two consecutive large earthquakes eight minutes apart occurred offshore of Hengchun, Pingtung County of Taiwan at night on 26 December 2006. The seismic intensity in the Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas reached 5 according to the Central Weather Bureau's intensity scale making them the strongest earthquakes in the Hengchun area in a century. These earthquakes were felt throughout Taiwan. Because the earthquakes were located not far offshore, seismic instruments at the Taipower's Nuclear Power Plant No. 3 (NPP3) registered their largest motions since recording commenced at the site. As a result, unit 2 of NPP3 was shut down while Unit 1 remained operating at full capacity. Other damage that occurred during the Earthquake Doublet included building collapse, rock falls, structure and non-structural damage to buildings, fire, and damage to utilities such as gas, electricity, and telephone lines; liquefaction was also noted. In this paper, the shakemaps based on the source parameters and real-time observations were predicted and compared with the recorded shakemaps. This analysis shows our shakemap prediction model to be extremely useful in predicting what emergency response units can expect after a large damaging earthquake. Strong motion data near a collapsed building was used to calculate the response spectrum and compared with the building codes to check the reason of the building collapsed. This study presents the damage that occurred during this event and the results of the seismic assessment to discuss why so much damage occurred in the southern Taiwan area.


The efficiency of broadband optical wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers is measured for wavelength shifts up to 65 nm using a tandem amplifier geometry. A quantity we call the relative conversion efficiency function, which determines the strength of the four-wave mixing nonlinearity, was extracted from the data. Using this quantity, gain requirements for lossless four-wave mixing wavelength conversion are calculated and discussed. Signal to background noise ratio is also measured and discussed in this study.<<ETX>>


Abstract A computational study of thermal striping in an upper plenum of the Korea Advanced Liquid-Metal Reactor (KALIMER) was performed. The primary objective of the present study was to find the distribution of the amplitude of temperature fluctuation in the hot pool of KALIMER. The computations were performed using the CFX-4 code with the differential stress and flux turbulence model and the Van Leer convection scheme. Two cases with different outlet velocity of the control rod fuel assemblies are considered. The distributions of the velocity vector, temperature, and temperature fluctuation were obtained from the calculation. In order to quantitatively understand the amplitude of temperature fluctuation at the bottom wall of the upper internal structure (UIS), the amplitude of the fluctuation of temperature in the radial and angular directions was investigated. The amplitude of temperature fluctuation at the UIS bottom plate was largely dependent on the magnitude of the outlet velocity of the control rod fuel assemblies. From the calculated results, it was found that the largest temperature fluctuation occurred at the radial edge of the UIS bottom in the KALIMER design. Since thermal striping is dependent on the amplitude of temperature fluctuations and frequency, the region of the UIS bottom edge needs to be analyzed with a detailed unsteady calculation.


With the constant increase of transistor power density, electro thermal modeling is becoming a necessity for accurate prediction of device electrical performances. For this reason, this paper deals with a methodology to obtain a precise nonlinear thermal model based on Model Order Reduction of a three dimensional thermal Finite Element (FE) description. This reduced thermal model is based on the Ritz vector approach which ensure the steady state solution in every case. An equivalent SPICE subcircuit implementation for circuit simulation is proposed and discussed. The nonlinear approach of the reduced model is based on the Kirchoff transformation. The model has been successfully implemented in a circuit simulator for a PHEMT device.


Event extraction is a significant task in information extraction. This importance increases more and more with the explosion of textual data available on the Web, the appearance of Web 2.0 and the tendency towards the Semantic Web. Thus, we propose a generic approach to extract events from text and to analyze them. We propose an event extraction algorithm with a polynomial complexity O(n5), and a new similarity measurement between events. We use this measurement to gather similar events. We also present a semantic map of events, and we validate the first component of our approach by the development of the "EventEC" system.


The results of a failure analysis of a series of Cr-Mo-V steel turbine studs which had experienced a service lifetime of some 50,000 h are described. It was observed that certain studs suffered complete fracture while others showed significant defects located at the first stress bearing thread. Crack extension was the result of marked creep embrittlement and reverse temper embrittlement (RTE). Selected approaches were examined to assess the effects of RTE on the material toughness of selected studs. It was observed that Auger electron microscopy results which indicated the extent of grain boundary phosphorus segregation exhibited a good relationship with ambient temperature Charpy data. The electrochemical polarization kinetic reactivation, EPR, approach, however, proved disappointing in that the overlapping scatter in the minimum current density, Ir, for an embrittled and a non-embrittled material was such that no clear decision of the toughness properties was possible by this approach. The initial results obtained from small punch testing showed good agreement with other reported data and could be related to the FATT. Indeed, this small punch test, combined with a miniature sample sampling method, represents an attractive approach to the toughness assessment of critical power plant components.


Lillian Hellman is well known as a moral writer. In her works of art, she used to describe about human perversity and evil. In most of her work, the hero always creates some destruction in family relationship. For example, the malicious child in The Children Hour , the greedy Regine in the Little Foxes, and the tyrannical manipulator in the Autumn Garden. She says that evil in the mind of the main character always corrodes the family relationship at the end (Dasgupta, 486). In this thesis, the writer uses Watch on the Rhine, as her primary source. Here, the writer finds something interesting in this drama. It is not like the other works of Hellman, the hero in this story `Kurt Muller? is a positif hero who will have an important role to save the family relationship. It is about a family who tries to defend their existence from the antagonist, Teck de Brancovis. That is why, the writer wants to know about the influence of Teck the antagonist and Kurt the protagonist toward the members of the Farrelly family. Then the writer is also curious to find out how the family can survive from the negative influences. Thus, in order to deepen her thesis the writer uses some literary tools , characterization and conflict. Characterization is important to develop the real character of the main character. Conflict is used to strengthen the character and to make it clear and obvious. Finally, it is seen that Teck de Brancovis brings negative influences toward some members of the family. He makes Marthe, Fanny and David hate each other. On the contrary, the influence of Kurt Muller?s behavior and attitude makes all the member of the family see from a different point of view. From the analysis, the writer sees that the members of the family realize that they are not close to each other. They see that eventhough Kurt and his family live in suffer but they always close to each other and they are a good family. That is why, the member of the family see Kurt as a figure . They finds out that love, trust, care and understanding are the important tools that can save their family from the negative influences of Teck de Brancovis at the end.


Motion planning is a fundamental algorithmic problem that attracts attention because of its importance in many exciting applications, such as controlling robots or virtual agents in simulations and computer games. While there has been great progress over the last decades in solving high-dimensional geometric problems there are still many challenges that limit the capabilities of existing solutions. In particular, it is important to effectively model and plan for systems with complex dynamics and significant drift (kinodynamic planning). An additional requirement is that realistic systems and agents must safely operate in a realtime fashion (replanning), with partial knowledge of their surroundings (partial observability) and despite the presence or in collaboration with other moving agents (distributed planning). This thesis describes techniques that address challenges related to real-time motion planning while focusing on systems with non-trivial dynamics. The first contribution is a new kinodynamic planner, termed Informed Subdivision Tree (IST), that incorporates heuristics to solve motion planning queries more effectively while achieving the theoretical guarantee of probabilistic completeness. The thesis proposes also a general methodology to construct heuristics for kinodynamic planning based on configuration space knowledge through a roadmap-based approach. Then this thesis investigates replanning problems, where a planner is called periodically given a predefined amount of time. In this scenario, safety concerns arise by the presence of both dynamic motion constraints and time limitations. The thesis proposes the framework of Short-Term Safety Replanning (STSR), which achieves safety guarantees in this context while minimizing computational overhead. The final contribution corresponds to an extension of the STSR framework in distributed planning, where multiple agents communicate to safely avoid collisions despite their dynamic constraints. The proposed algorithms are tested on simulated systems with interesting dynamics, including physically simulated systems. Such experiments correspond to the state-of-the-art in terms of system modeling for motion planning. The experiments show that the proposed techniques outperform existing alternatives, where available, and emphasize their computational advantages.


Classifying Child Maltreatment by Brain Imaging Data Seyed Sina Khankhajeh Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Ka Yee Yeung Institute of Technology Tacoma Childhood maltreatment is a condition that leads to the development of behavioral issues and affect brain structure and functionality. Recent neuroimaging studies provide connection between deficits in brain volume, gray and white matter of several cortical regions, such as dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and also hippocampus and amygdala [1]. Machine learning has become the major technique in brain imaging and also computational neuroscience, since they are very seminal for training great amount of neural data of increasing measurement precision and acquiring signals from very noisy data. Machine learning techniques provide the tools to characterize brain states and distinguish them from non-informative brain signals [2]. In this thesis, I use machine learning to classify childhood maltreatment using MRI scans of adolescents and children. The main goal of this thesis project is to find methods to classify childhood maltreatment and find predictive brain regions that contribute to it. I also look at other features such as age and gender, to see how predictable they are based on the brain imaging data.


Clusters and distributed systems offer fault tolerance and high performance through load sharing, and are thus attractive in real-time applications. When all computers are up and running, we would like the load to be evenly distributed among the computers. When one or more computers-fail the must be redistributed. The redistribution is determined by the recovery scheme. The recovery scheme should keep the load as evenly distributed as possible even when the most unfavorable combinations of computers break down, i.e. we want to optimize the worst-case behavior. In this paper we define recovery schemes, which are optimal for a number of important cases. We also show that the problem of finding optimal recovery schemes corresponds to the mathematical problem of finding sequences of integers with minimal sum and for which all sums of subsequences are unique.


Premarital screening aims primarily to give couples (who are planning to get married soon) medical consultation on the odds of transmitting genetic diseases to their children. Given that consanguineous marriages are so common in the Middle East and children of consanguineous marriages are at increased risk for genetic diseases and congenital malformations, and due to its impacts on public health, it is important to provide health education on consanguinity at individual, family and community levels delivered mainly by the state's primary health care staff. It is also important to provide pre-marriage and pre-pregnancy genetic diagnosis and counseling. The Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality (AAAQ framework) of specialized facilities/centers for pre-marriage and pre-pregnancy genetic counseling and testing services should be sufficient to implement the Right to Health in this regard. And human rights principles shall guide the whole aspects of premarital screening program to include planning, design, execution, monitoring and evaluation. Among those principles are also non-discrimination, participation, inclusion, and accountability. All parties should be involved in the premarital screening program- politicians (to enact laws), religious leaders (to reconsider abortion in case the fetus afflicted with grave congenital malformation), employees in primary health care, researchers, doctors, geneticists, disease prevention and control and social services, subject-matter experts, mother and child health care, media, and activists in NGOs and voluntary organizations.


Ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) volume fractions were calculated using the Master Mechanism (MM) model, author S. Madronich (NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA). MM is an atmospheric "box" model program for calculating the time evolution of atmospheric composition from initial amounts of atmospheric gases under chosen or varying conditions using reaction rate data and other physicochemi- cal parameters. The photolysis coefficients were calculated using the Tropospheric Ultraviolet Visible (TUV) program of the same author. Data gathered during the field measurements in 2004 19 and modeled with the MM program 20 are used here to determine how gradual increase of one initial value of the follow- ing eight quantities: NO2, CO, VOC (i.e. some volatile organic compounds), BTX (i.e. benzene, toluene, xylenes), H2O2, O3, temperature and relative humidity, will in the MM modeling affect the volume frac- tions of either ozone or hydrogen peroxide. According to the model, H2O2 volume fractions in air increase with higher relative humidity and higher initial values of CO, VOC, BTX, H2O2 and O3, and only decrease by NO2. On the other hand, ozone volume fractions do rise with the increase of initial volume fractions of NO2, as well as of CO, VOC, BTX, H2O2 and O3. Temperature does not have any significant influence on the formation of H2O2 and O3. The results also may explain the considerably higher ozone values meas- ured at the airport than in the city of Zagreb. 22


Malaysian manufacturing sector has played an important role to boost up the economy at the domestic market. Today, the Malaysian manufacturing sector has facing the challenges that the manufacturing industry need to stay competitive to compete at the global market. Manufacturing cost of the company will directly effect on the company profit as well as product cost. Manufacturing cost may include material cost, labor cost and overhead. Various type of techniques and methods have been used to lower the manufacturing cost. With the advancement of computer, computer software has been used to solve the manufacturing sector problem. In this research, expert system has been proposed to develop a diagnosis system to solve the problem of design of assemble. The effective assembly design of a product will able to reduce the total assembly time as well as reduce the manufacturing cost. An architecture framework of the developed Design for Assemble Expert system (DAEx) is described. The DFA expert system is developed using expert system shell to support the vehicle seat manufacturing process. The main aim is to reduce the assembly time and cost of vehicle seat manufacturing process.


Access to drugs means both availability of the authentic drug and access at prices patients can afford. Unfortunately, current public policy does not effectively address either. The result is the worst of all worlds: neither goal is accomplished. Policymakers focusing on price fail to address safety, resulting in vulnerabilities that allow counterfeits and diverted drugs to enter into the supply chain; and those focusing on safety fails to address high prices, driving vulnerable patients to questionable and unsafe medication sources. A dose of reality that addresses these intertwined characteristics of access is proposed in this paper. This work first reviews the key safety-price interface: the problem of counterfeit drugs here and abroad. It identifies critical root causes that allow such a market to emerge, including the high costs of researching, developing, and selling authentic drugs that create the prices that drive vulnerable patients to alternate sources. Further, it details the other key infrastructural issues: the low financial and social costs of manufacturing fakes, a porous and poorly regulated US domestic gray market and international parallel trade system, the limited accountability of drug sales via the Internet, and the limited provider and patient suspicion of fake drugs. It then critically assesses the primary safety effort that ignores price--drug pedigree and track-and-trace systems, and the primary price effort that ignores safety--drug importation. It finds that beyond ignoring their complementary facet of access, both have striking limitations in dealing with the problems they purport to address. Taking these analyses into consideration, the paper presents a comprehensive legislative policy proposal that addresses both price and authenticity components of drug access, using extant private efforts and public expertise to promote efficient policy implementation. The resultant program has as its core a low cost/no cost drug program that segregates eligible patients from private markets. It also mandates both brand name and generic company participation as part of the social contract, requires identification and registration of legitimate wholesalers, bans Internet drug sales unless pharmacies are accredited by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, prohibits drug importation, directs the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to create aggressive public and provider education on counterfeit drugs, and significantly increases penalties for counterfeiters to fit the crime of cheating the hopes of the sick and vulnerable.


A new study, led by Los Alamos National Laboratory's Nathan McDowell, suggests that widespread loss of a major forest type, the pine-juniper woodlands of the Southwestern U.S., could be wiped out by the end of this century due to climate change, and that conifers throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere may be on a similar trajectory. New results, reported in the journal Nature Climate Change, suggest that global models may underestimate predictions of forest death. McDowell and his large international team strove to provide the missing pieces of understanding tree death at three levels: plant, regional and global. The team rigorously developed and evaluated multiple process-based and empirical models against experimental results, and then compared these models to results from global vegetation models to examine independent simulations. They discovered that the global models simulated mortality throughout the Northern Hemisphere that was of similar magnitude, but much broader spatial scale, as the evaluated ecosystem models predicted for in the Southwest.


This volume, part of the TIAA-CREF Institute Series on Higher Education, is based on a national conference convened by the Institute in November 2007. The generational issues that were the focus of the conference raise both risks and opportunities with the potential to profoundly affect our cultural environment, both inside and outside academe.


In this paper I argue, first, that the identity of the researcher has an impact not only in the way she/he invThis article explains, in the first place, that the identity of the researcher not only influences his way to do research, but also the teaching processes and, therefore, training of future researchers. Secondly, it states that schools and teachers play a central role in the construction of identities. Third, this paper emphasizes that those engaged in educational research are not released from this responsibility, so this is an invitation to reflect on the following: What are our responsibilities in the process of identity construction? Who is the subject of education? Who is the subject of educational research? How inclusive is our notion of both the educational and the empirical subjects? Through the analysis of questions on topics such us: the subject-object relationship; the subject in educational research; the contribution of subjectivity; the contribution of phenomenology; among others, this paper explains that: a) the intellectual autobiography is a great potential instrument to understand the direction of a research process and b) focusing on people, their history, social relationships and environment, as subjects and not just as objects of study, is an epistemological, political and ethical movement, which recognizes the subject's action in and on the world. Finally, this paper states that qualitative researchers should not only understand who they are, they are ethically obliged to make it explicitly.


The delimitation of areas of the sea is common practice in fisheries management, particularly when addressing problems associated with size selection and by-catch issues. Fishermen, scientists and managers divide up the sea to delimit stock units, species ranges, nursery and fishing grounds, faunal boundaries and political jurisdictions. Biological, political, social and economic criteria are all used in establishing closed and restricted areas, delineating regional management zones and community specific grounds, and in setting area/stock specific management measures (e.g. quotas, minimum landing sizes, gear zones, etc.). The delimitation and configuration of these areas can lead to dissonance in fisheries management, particularly when the criteria used for management decisions affecting the spatial distribution of fishing are not those which fishermen consider to be critical. This paper discusses some of the criteria by which fishermen divide up the sea, compares these criteria to some of those used in fisheries management, and discusses potential implications.


We examine the effects of low-temperature, or Δn = 0, dielectronic recombination (DR) on the ionization balance of the Fe M shell (Fe IX-Fe XVI). Since Δn = 0 rates are not available for these ions, we have derived estimates based on the existing rates for the first four ionization states of the CNO sequence and newly calculated rates for L-shell ions of third-row elements and Fe. For a range of ionization parameter and column density applicable to the intrinsic absorbers detected in ASCA, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations of Seyfert galaxies, we generated two grids of photoionization models, with and without DR. The results show that the ionization parameter at which the population of an Fe M-shell ion peaks can increase in some cases by a factor of more than 2 when these rates are included. More importantly, there are dramatic changes in the range in ionization parameter over which individual M-shell ions contain significant fractions of the total Fe (e.g., >10%) in the plasma. These results may explain the mismatch between the range of Fe ionization states detected in the X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies, identified by the energies of the M-shell unresolved transition array, and those predicted by photoionization models of the X-ray absorbers that reproduce lines of second- and third-row elements. The results suggest that care should be taken in using third- and fourth-row ions to constrain the physical conditions in photoionized X-ray plasmas until accurate DR rates are available. This underscores the importance of atomic physics in interpreting astronomical spectroscopy.


Objective: Brentuximab vedotin is a Food and Drug Administration approved anti-CD30 antibody drug conjugate potently active in Hodgkin lymphoma. Trials of brentuximab vedotin with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD-BV) excluded patients with HIV. We studied the safety of AVD-BV in newly diagnosed HIV-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma . Design and methods: Patients diagnosed with stage II–IV HIV-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma received AVD-BV on days 1 and 15 every 28 days for six cycles. Anti-HIV medications with strong CYP3A4 inhibition were excluded. This phase 1 trial followed a 3+3 dose de-escalation design started with brentuximab vedotin at 1.2 mg/kg with standard dosing of AVD. Dose-limiting toxicities were defined in cycle one. Results: Seven patients were enrolled with six being evaluable: five of six stage III/IV, three with an international prognostic score at least 4. With no dose-limiting toxicities identified, all six were treated at the 1.2 mg/kg dose. Only five grade (G) three nonhematological adverse events were noted in three patients: pulmonary infection, diarrhea, and peripheral neuropathy. No G4/5 adverse events occurred. PET/computer tomography was negative in five of six after cycle 2 and six of six post therapy. Progression-free survival was 100% at 25 months with all patients in remission. One patient was deemed ineligible for taking ritonavir, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, but developed G3/4 adverse events including febrile neutropenia, and pancreatitis and though consented was excluded from all evaluation. Conclusion: AVD-BV was well tolerated at recommended phase 2 dose of 1.2 mg/kg. Concurrent strong CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided. A phase 2 study of AVD-BV is currently enrolling (NCT01771107).


Zionist claims to rightful rule of most or all of Palestine/the Land of Israel ultimately depend on naturalizing those claims into common sense, for Jews, of course, but also for the international community. Following the 1967 war, Israelis in favor of withdrawing from occupied territories have relied on distinguishing between the justice of the 1949 Armistice Lines, and the process that led to the State of Israel within those lines, versus the injustice of the occupation of territories conquered in 1967 and of their settlement and gradual absorption. But as the truth of the expulsions and forced dispossession of Palestinians in 1948 becomes accepted by wider swaths of both Israeli-Jewish and international public opinion, the traditional narrative distinguishing the justice of 1948 and the injustice of 1967 breaks down. Ari Shavit9s book, My Promised Land , can be understood as a response by Israeli two-staters to accusations of hypocrisy by the extreme right.


In the decade since District of Columbia v. Heller, results for gun rights claimants have been fairly unimpressive. The situation leaves some people concerned that judicial opposition is turning the Second Amendment into a "second-class right." This paper takes up empirical elements of the concern. We compare five fields of constitutional litigation in the U.S. Courts of Appeals from 2008 through 2016: gun rights, abortion rights, affirmative action, establishment of religion, and commercial speech.
In terms of success rates, we do find significant differences in attracting judge votes across some of these case sets, with gun rights claims at the low end. We are unable to erase or fully explain the relatively poor performance of gun rights claims by introducing several independent variables. Furthermore, judges appointed by Democrats might contribute more to the disparities than judges appointed by Republicans, although neither set of judges seems to support all claims at equal rates.
In terms of causes, the situation is far less clear. Plausible explanations are available that do not involve judges disfavoring gun rights, such as relatively assertive claimants and relatively cautious regulators. Existing data cannot rule out those explanations. Nor is it clear that more data will solve the problem of isolating the contribution of judicial preferences to case results across fields of litigation. More fully detailing and explaining the forces at play in all of these fields is a task for future work, a significant part of which will have to be theoretical, historical, and ethnographic.


This paper reports on a study of the design, development and evaluation of two teaching analytics dashboards that visualize students' repertory grid exercise data. The technical objective of the dashboards is to support teachers to investigate and compare personal constructs and element ratings by students for given topics of study at the individual student, group or classroom levels of analysis. The pedagogical objective of the dashboards is to facilitate formative assessment feedback to students and feed-forward refinements to ongoing instructional practices. The teaching analytics dashboards were evaluated with six university teachers in a bio-metric usability study with integrated physiological and performance measures. Eye-tracking data from the two dashboards showed the relative importance of dashboard areas in each case in terms of aggregate gaze allocation. Findings informed the iterative design of the dashboards leading to teachers not being adversely affected by the visual clutter of the less important dashboard areas in their pedagogical decision-making. The results also showed that the dashboards were efficient and effective from a task performance perspective and were rated to be pleasant from a subjective satisfaction perspective. Regarding education technology innovation, teachers reported that such dashboards are lacking in their regular practice and would recommend their use in formal business educational settings.


Theoretical and practical issues that impact on the development of (especially) three-dimensional vector finite-element (FEM) programs are discussed. The theory of vector elements is briefly reviewed, and some troublesome aspects are highlighted: in particular, the interpretation of the degrees of freedom. The choice of element shape is briefly addressed, as is the evaluation of the elemental matrices. Several useful references are provided in this context. Data structures appropriate for a three-dimensional code are outlined, as is the issue of establishing mesh interconnectivity. The topics of mesh generation and linear algebra are very briefly considered. The paper concludes with some comments on post-processing, in particular, the computation of fields within the FE mesh.


1. The effect of anaemia and transfusion with adult blood on fetal 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels was investigated by studying fetal blood from 45 normal pregnancies at 17-42 weeks of gestation and in 34 pregnancies complicated by erythroblastosis fetalis. 2. In normal fetuses, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration was higher than in adults and did not change significantly with gestational age. 3. In erythroblastotic fetuses, there was a significant negative correlation between 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration and haemoglobin concentration. 4. When adult blood was transfused into the fetal circulation, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration reached similar levels to that found in untransfused fetuses after allowing for the severity of anaemia.


Although hypoxia is believed to occur above altitudes of 10,000 ft, some have suggested that effects may occur at lower altitudes. This pilot study explored risk judgments under conditions of mild hypoxia (simulated altitude of 8,000 ft). Some evidence of an increased optimism was found at this level, suggesting the need for a larger scale study with more experimental power.


The shift in emphasis to universal primary health care in post-apartheid South Africa has been accompanied by a process of decentralization of mental health services to district level, as set out in the new Mental Health Care Act, no. 17, of 2002 and the 1997 White Paper on the Transformation of the Health System. This study sought to assess progress in South Africa with respect to deinstitutionalization and the integration of mental health into primary health care, with a view to understanding the resource implications of these processes at district level. A situational analysis in one district site, typical of rural areas in South Africa, was conducted, based on qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). The findings suggest that the decentralization process remains largely limited to emergency management of psychiatric patients and ongoing psychopharmacological care of patients with stabilized chronic conditions. We suggest that, in a similar vein to other low- to middle-income countries, deinstitutionalization and comprehensive integrated mental health care in South Africa is hampered by a lack of resources for mental health care within the primary health care resource package, as well as the inefficient use of existing mental health resources.


Abstract. We investigate the various methods currently available for distinguishing between the Central Pacific (CP) El Nino (or "El Nino Modoki") and the canonical El Nino by considering 10 different methods and 5 sea surface temperature (SST) datasets from 1880 to 2010. Years which are classified as CP El Ninos with the greatest convergence between method and SST dataset are considered to provide a more robust identification of these events. The results identify 13 yr which are classified the most consistently as CP events: 1885/1886, 1914/1915, 1940/1941, 1958/1959, 1963/1964, 1968/1969, 1977/1978, 1986/1987, 1991/1992, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2009/2010. Our findings also indicate the persistence of CP events throughout the time period investigated, inciting the role of multidecadal natural climate variability in generating CP El Ninos.


Neuroscientific discoveries have begun to illuminate the workings of the active brain in intricate detail. In fact, sometimes it seems that in order to be a cutting-edge therapist, not only do you need knowledge of traditional psychotherapeutic models, but a solid understanding of the role the brain plays as well. But theory is never enough. You also need to know how to apply the theories to work with actual clients during sessions. In easy-to-understand prose, Being a Brain-Wise Therapist reviews the basic principles about brain structure, function, and development, and explains the neurobiological correlates of some familiar diagnostic categories. You will learn how to make theory come to life in the midst of clinical work, so that the principles of interpersonal neurobiology can be applied to a range of patients and issues, such as couples, teens, and children, and those dealing with depression, anxiety, and other disorders. Liberal use of exercises and case histories enliven the material and make this an essential guide for seamlessly integrating the latest neuroscientific research into your therapeutic practice.


Due to different boundary continuity conditions, electromagnetic waves with transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric polarizations respond differently when they encounter dielectric interfaces. Based on this mechanism, we propose a self-collimating polarization beam splitter (PBS) constructed on a polarization-insensitive self-collimation photonic crystal. The splitting is realized on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), through which the two polarizations can be separated by 90° with low cross talk. Both polarizations are self-collimated to eliminate the diffraction loss during the propagation. Furthermore, the out-of-plane scattering loss is suppressed since the PBS is operated in the first band. The wavelength bandwidth of the MZI-based PBS reaches about 100 nm at 1550 nm. Finally, the influences of interfaces on the performance of the PBS are discussed.


The design of revenue-maximizing combinatorial auctions, i.e. multi-item auctions over bundles of goods, is one of the most fundamental problems in computational economics, unsolved even for two bidders and two items for sale. In the traditional economic models, it is assumed that the bidders' valuations are drawn from an underlying distribution and that the auction designer has perfect knowledge of this distribution. Despite this strong and oftentimes unrealistic assumption, it is remarkable that the revenue-maximizing combinatorial auction remains unknown. In recent years, automated mechanism design has emerged as one of the most practical and promising approaches to designing high-revenue combinatorial auctions. The most scalable automated mechanism design algorithms take as input samples from the bidders' valuation distribution and then search for a high-revenue auction in a rich auction class. In this work, we provide the first sample complexity analysis for the standard hierarchy of deterministic combinatorial auction classes used in automated mechanism design. In particular, we provide tight sample complexity bounds on the number of samples needed to guarantee that the empirical revenue of the designed mechanism on the samples is close to its expected revenue on the underlying, unknown distribution over bidder valuations, for each of the auction classes in the hierarchy. In addition to helping set automated mechanism design on firm foundations, our results also push the boundaries of learning theory. In particular, the hypothesis functions used in our contexts are defined through multi-stage combinatorial optimization procedures, rather than simple decision boundaries, as are common in machine learning.


This paper is an investigation of the still unresolved issue of onto-epistemologically incommensurable paradigms. It chronicles several developments in systems thinking which attempt to incorporate multimethodological approaches to systemic research, design and practice into theories which explain and justify them. With the advantage of hindsight, this research explains how each newly developed theory reflected an increased sophistication of what it means to act multimethodologically, across paradigms. Improvements result from active debates and rigourous criticism between members of the systems community laying open newly discovered shortcomings in contemporary Critical Systems theory.


THE YEARS 1678 to 1682 witnessed two related, yet seemingly unrelated, events: the monarchy faced its greatest threat since the 1640s, and William Shakespeare's plays underwent the most sustained period of alteration in his authorial afterlife. (1) Having all but vanished from the print and performance market by the late 1660s, the plays made a forceful return in the late 1670s and early 1680s. Ten Shakespeare alterations appeared on stage, and nine in print between 1678 and 1682, at a time when Charles II was at loggerheads with parliament over its right to meet, and its attempts to bar his Catholic brother from the succession. In fact, versions of Shakespeare's plays--many of which had yet to appear on the restored English stage--made up almost one fifth of all new plays mounted during these four theatrical seasons. (2) The altering playwrights built on Shakespeare's plots and characters in order to produce topical, political plays that reflected contemporary concerns and disputes. It would therefore appear that the Exclusion Crisis, a succession dispute that threatened to return the country to a state of civil war, helped to generate a market for rewritten versions of Shakespeare's plays. (3) By exploring Shakespeare's position in the performance and print market for the twenty-two years after Charles's Restoration, this paper argues for the importance of the Exclusion Crisis as the watershed moment in Shakespeare's afterlife. I take the reopening of the theaters and the establishment of the two patent theater companies, the King's Company and the Duke's Company, in 1660, as my starting point, ending with the former's financial demise and the creation of the United Company in 1682.1 intend to make three associated claims. The first is that Shakespeare was less of a name and presence in the years preceding the Crisis (1660-77) than is usually recognized, with the number of alterations and revivals of his plays in decline from the late 1660s, and few new print editions appearing on the market. My second claim is that the material conditions ushered in during the Crisis--such as theatrical recession, harsh stage censorship, and a demand for plays offering direct engagement with contemporary politics--helped to generate a market for Shakespeare redactions, with playwrights and theater managers (re)turning to the practice of alteration in large numbers. During the Crisis versions of Shakespeare's plays were not only staged on an unprecedented scale, but also sold to theater patrons as products of his labor. The promotion of Shakespeare found in stage prologues offers stark contrast with his treatment in the printed playbooks, (4) where his name was no longer used to sell altered versions of his plays. I examine the ways in which Exclusion Crisis alterations of Shakespeare were (often disingenuously) marketed in playbills, prologues, and playbooks. I will suggest that playwrights and theater managers deployed shrewd, media-sensitive marketing strategies that likely revolutionized Restoration London's awareness of a (by then long-dead) playwright named Shakespeare. By tracing a play's journey from playbill to stage prologue to printed playbook, one gains insight both into Shakespeare's perceived salability and the ways in which late seventeenth-century plays could be advertised for performance and print. My essay thus approaches the topic of "Shakespeare for Sale" by considering the extent to which Shakespeare's name was used to sell plays, as well as the occasions when his plays, or versions of his plays, were and were not deemed vendible between 1660 and 1682. Scholars of Shakespeare's authorial afterlife have tended to survey lengthy time spans, generally concurring that the eighteenth century witnessed the most significant moment in Shakespeare's journey towards canonization. (5) I believe that focusing on shorter periods of history allows us to observe more immediate changes in the ways in which "Shakespeare"--by which I mean both the brand name and the product, to put it anachronistically--was sold. …


We present a fiber-optic pressure sensor based on a π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (πFBG) fabricated on a side-hole fiber. Due to the resonance effect of a πFBG, its reflection spectrum features two notches that are dramatically narrower than the linewidth of a regular FBG of similar length. The narrow spectral notches allow high-resolution measurement of their spectral separation, significantly improving the pressure detection limit (defined herein as the minimum detectable pressure change) compared to sensors based on a regular FBG of a similar length and on the same fiber. The πFBG demonstrated in this letter is 8.3 mm long and the linewidth of each spectral notch is only 3.6 pm, corresponding to a quality factor of 4.3 × 105. The spectral notch separation exhibited a sensitivity of 20 pm/kpsi to pressure, which was limited by the geometry of the fiber holes, and little sensitivity to temperature. The Bragg wavelength shift exhibited a sensitivity of 11.4 pm/°C to temperature. In practice, a spectral resolution of 0.028 pm can be easily achieved for the πFBG demonstrated in this letter, leading to a pressure detection limit of 1.4 psi and a temperature detection limit of 0.0025°C.


Background There is lack of consensus from clinical experts regarding the place of sugammadex in treatment. However, most consider that sugammadex may be useful when there is a clinical safety concern or when reversal of profound neuromuscular block is required (obese patients). Due to these potential clinical benefits, the anaesthesia staff have changed the existing protocol in bariatric surgery from suxamethonium, atracurium and neostigmine + atropine, to rocuronium + sugammadex. Purpose To predict the potential financial impact of introducing sugammadex in bariatric surgery on the hospital's limited annual budget. Materials and methods The analysis compared the baseline scenario with the new scenario. The evaluation was conducted from the hospital's perspective. The target population was patients who benefit from sleeve gastrectomy. We selected a retrospective cohort of 28 patients for the baseline scenario, and a prospective cohort of 29 patients for the new one. Direct pharmacological costs in euro were considered. The prices of each vial of drugs were taken from public purchasers and the total number of vials used was searched in the patient's record. Results The incremental impact on the hospital's budget was estimated to be 187 €/patient. The Department of Medical Information estimated the population eligible for treatment to be 237 in year 1 rising to 310 in year 2, with an estimated uptake rate of 30%. The incremental budget impact for the hospital is 51,238 € during the first year and 66,609 € during the second. This additional cost must be linked to the average perceived price by the hospital for bariatric surgery (4.6% of the amount allocated). We also conducted a clinical study, and the time spent in the post-anaesthesia care unit decreased by 30 min per patient making it possible to rotate patients more efficiently in the unit. Conclusions The high budgetary impact of moving to a baseline scenario of rocuronium/sugammadex supports the idea that this therapeutic strategy must be limited to obese patients. Ultimately, purchase negotiations could bring down the cost of sugammadex. No conflict of interest.


In the past two decades only modest advancements in glioma treatment have been made, with patient prognosis and median survival time following diagnosis only increasing from 3 to 7 months. A substantial body of clinical and preclinical evidence has suggested a role for aspirin in the treatment of cancer with multiple mechanisms of action. Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs, successfully taken as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory agent and for prevention of strokes and ischemic diseases. The effects on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration of aspirin and aspirin derivatives were tested on primary glioblastoma cell cultures, BTNW911 and BTNW 914, and the well-established cell lines, SVG-p12, 1321N1, GOS-3, U87 MG, using the PrestoBlue assay, CFDA-SE, PI/annexin V, and live imaging receptively. The effects on cell viability following 24 and 48 hour incubation of four aspirin derivatives (PN508, PN517, PN526 and PN529) were compared to cisplatin, aspirin and di-aspirin, establishing IC50 values, showing PN517 to be the most potent analogue, and in some cases greater efficacy than cisplatin. Aspirin analogues showed greatest efficacy in the first 24 hours, while cisplatin increased in efficacy with time showing a lower IC50 value in all cell lines at 48 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed over 3 to 10 days, with each treatment decreasing proliferation and the largest effect of PN517 found in BTNW914 cells. PN517 treatment decreased the population of G0/G1 phase cells in cell cycle analysis, decreased cyclin D1 and EGFR activation, and total EGFR expression. Apoptosis was induced by PN517 in a concentration and time dependent manner in both the cell lines and short term cultures, with activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Finally, PN517 reduced migration in both the Boyden chamber and scratch assays, but did not inhibit invasion. In conclusion, these data support the further development of PN517 as a novel therapeutic drug for the treatment of glioma.


This edition of the Journal has included a series of articles on the contemporary man in his elder years and the challenges and opportunities he may face. For example, an article by Bullock brings attentions to the increasing number of grandfathers who are becoming responsible for their grandchildren in the absence of fathers. Her study of 26 men age 65 and above who are responsible for the care of at least one grandchild revealed perceptions of powerlessness as grandfathers made this family role transition. Bullock argues that such feelings of powerlessness can be stemmed by programs that provide opportunities for greater self-awareness and support. She also raises questions about the grandfathers' parenting style: Are they interactive care providers or simply passive caretakers? Another issue raised is how schools and agencies involved in kinship care can pay special attention to older men who take on the role of parenting. In a postmodern critique of today's older man, Gross and Blundo explore the medicalization of the body through the promotion of Viagra. The taking of the drug is used as a metaphor of cultural expectations illustrating how men are required to age well. That is, how society expects them to maintain their youthful masculinity. The authors raise the question, can medication change a man's concept of himself? A reading of the article begs the question of how male concepts of self are created. Is the aging body really a machine. The language of television ads surely would suggest so. In another article designed to portray the modern older man, Blundo and Estes use an experiential process of listening to their anecdotes. Through this discourse, they learn what men think about their own aging processes. The anecdotes share and reveal basic human uncertainties about the latter stages of the life cycle. Men have long been considered to be less elaborative when asked about their emotions. These anecdotes demonstrate introspection and insight. In a culturally specific article, Villereal & Cavazos address the shift in machismo identity that occurs among Mexican-American males as they age. The shift involves the idea that there is the cultural expectation that a young man will grow up to be a strong man, whereas girls will be submissive and obedient. However, towards the latter part of life, decision-making becomes a more equal shared process between husband and wife. Thus, the aging Mexican-American male struggles to redefine his role within the family. The question raised is apparent: What occurs when a basic construct used to organize a man's world is lost in old age? Similarly, the culturally specific nature of Deborah Bowen's work with Lakota men suggests the uniqueness with which we must approach aging men and specifically the cultural lives of aging men Her interviews revealed a great deal of the hardships and success within the lives of men living within the world of the Rosebud Reservation, home of Lakota people for many generations. The cultural construct mitakuye oyas' in points to the relevance of seeing aging men in all their uniqueness and the strengths these meanings bring to their lives. In another article on the marginalization of older men, Kosberg suggests that the literature as well as our educational processes should pay greater attention to older males. …


Background. Drug abuse is as relevant today as ever. Management of such cases on a primary health care level may be challenging, particularly when laboratory facilities are unavailable. Furthermore, substance abuse and its sequelae place a significant burden on the already overstretched primary health care resources in the country, as well as on other ser- vices and society in general. Objectives. The current study surveyed the trends in demand for laboratory determination of amphetamines, opiates, methaqualone, cannabis, cocaine and ethanol for the period 1991 - 2002, in the Western Cape. The survey was conducted by extracting the relevant data from the records of the Pharmacology/Toxicology Laboratory of the University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital. This facility processes the largest number of specimens by a single laboratory in the Western Cape. Results. From the data obtained a seasonal pattern emerged for all substances except ethanol, with a trough appearing in early winter. Demand for ethanol analysis was fairly constant throughout the year, with a peak in the last quarter. Ethanol level was the most frequently requested analysis between 1991 and 1997. This concurs with its status as the main substance of abuse in South Africa and the rest of the world. There was an increased demand for analysis of ampheta- mines, opiates, methaqualone, cannabis and cocaine between 1991 and 2002. Generally dominating, next to ethanol, were requests for cannabis and methaqualone analysis. Interesting to note was the increase in demand for opiate analysis, following the trend observed in certain other regions of the world. Conclusion. The analysis trends observed in this study demon- strate global patterns of drug abuse emerging in the Western Cape. The medical and social effects of drug abuse impose a grave responsibility on policymakers to ensure that adequate funding is available for analytical laboratories. Only in such a way can these patients be correctly diagnosed and treated.


Ronda Rousey won the Bronze Medal in judo at the Beijing Olympics in 2008. She was the first American woman to do so. The medal itself would have brought her a measly four bucks, if she had been crass enough to sell it. Her reward from the United States Olympic Committee for her unique accomplishment was, as she put it, "Ten grand and a handshake." A few months after she came home from Beijing, she was living in her car.
Other American Olympic medal winners have also faced financial hardship, either before or after the Olympics. Of course, not all Olympic athletes are financially challenged. Fourteen athletes who competed in the Brazil Olympics each made more than $18 million annually. However, most Olympic medal winners — especially those who do not play basketball or tennis — make much less. So, should we give these heroic Americans a tax break? Congress thinks so. The U.S. Appreciation for Olympians and Paralympics Act of 2016, signed into law in October of 2016, says that any prize money received from the United States Olympic Committee, plus the value of the medal itself, should be tax-free. Except, of course, if the medal winner is already rich.


ABSTRACT The Plush Ranch Formation (upper Oligocene and lower Miocene) consists of more than 1800 m of nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks that record the history of an extensional basin referred to here as the Plush Ranch basin. Distinctive depositional facies, provenance, and sediment transport directions along each basin margin suggest an asymmetric basin shape that is consistent with a half-graben origin. The northern basin margin consists of sandstone-dominated alluvial-plain deposits (0.1-1.5 m thick, normally graded, lenticular sandstone beds). Small deltaic sequences 1-2 m thick were formed where these alluvial systems flowed southward into a lake. Lenses of massive, boulder-rich granitic breccia that represent rockslide deposits derived from a nearby northern granitic provenance nterfinger with the alluvial-plain facies. In contrast to the northern margin, the southern basin margin is represented by coarse-grained fan-delta deposits. Matrix- and clast-supported lenticular conglomerate beds 0.2-5 m thick with interbedded trough-cross-bedded pebbly sandstone represent braided-stream and flood-flow and/or noncohesive debris-flow deposits of alluvial fans that drained a highland area to the south. The alluvial-fan deposits interfinger to the north with several types of subaqueous sediment-gravity-flow facies including turbidite sandstone beds and matrix-supported debris-flow conglomerate. Each of the basin-margin depositional systems grades basinward and to the east into lacustrine deposits that include organic-rich dark shale, evaporite, and limestone. The lacustrine deposits represent the central and eastern parts of the Plush Ranch basin, which received little coarse siliciclastic sediment. Basalt deposits that are at least 50 m thick in the west and thicken eastward are interbedded mainly with the lacustrine facies. The southern margin of the Plush Ranch basin formed along a north-dipping, normal-slip fault along which dip separation increased toward the southwest; the northern margin developed on the tilted hanging-wall block of this fault. This fault was later reactivated in post-middle Miocene time as the present left-lateral strike-slip Big Pine fault. The Plush Ranch is one of several extensional and transtensional basins that formed in southern California and western Arizona about 25-20 Ma as a response to the change from a convergent to a strikeslip tectonic regime along western North America.


Extracted from text ... 40 Management Today April 2005
UCT business school to offer courses in Gauteng
The UCT Graduate School of Business
(GSB) has opened an office in Johannesburg
from which it will run a
number of its most popular executive
short courses in Gauteng.
The move is in response to an
increased demand from the School's
alumni and other clients living in the
region for easier access to its programmes.
Speaking at the opening of the
office in Nelson Mandela Square,
Sandton, Prof Frank Horwitz, director
of the Business School, said that
taking its courses to Gauteng will give
individuals the opportunity ..


Abstract Compared to a large body of work on how gender may affect young women's vulnerability to HIV, we know little about how masculine ideals and practices relating to marriage and fertility desires shape young men's HIV risk. Using life-history interview data with 30 HIV-positive and HIV-negative young men aged 15–24 years, this analysis offers an in-depth perspective on young men's transition through adolescence, the desire for fatherhood and experience of sexual partnerships in rural Uganda. Young men consistently reported the desire for fatherhood as a cornerstone of masculinity and transition to adulthood. Ideally young men wanted children within socially sanctioned unions. Yet, most young men were unable to realise their marital intentions. Gendered expectations to be economic providers combined with structural constraints, such as limited access to educational and income-generating opportunities, led some young men to engage in a variety of HIV-risk behaviours. Multiple partnerships and limited condom use were at times an attempt by some young men to attain some part of their aspirations related to fatherhood and marriage. Our findings suggest that young men possess relationship and parenthood aspirations that – in an environment of economic scarcity – may influence HIV-related risk.


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ecurity threats to important infrastructure cause problems to not only those who live nearby but also in a much wider sense. It is therefore desirable to consider the use of automated systems capable of detection and identification of potential threats. This thesis describes an investigation into acoustic and seismic methods for achieving such a system specifically for commercial road vehicles. Accurate algorithms have been developed for recognition of moving vehicles using fusion of acoustic and seismic signals. It has been found that seismic signals are less susceptible to interfering signals, making them optimal for detection of vehicles. Their much narrower bandwidth also increases processing efficiency and speed. Thus, the algorithm developed utilises firstly only seismic signals to detect vehicle presence, and then employs both acoustic and seismic signals for classifying type of the vehicle. The detection algorithm is purely time domain and uses seismic Log Energy together with a modification of Time Domain Signal Coding. The best detection accuracy obtained was 97.71 % with Support Vector Machine and 99.02 % with Learning Vector Quantisation Neural Networks. The classification algorithm to distinguish between trucks and cars utilises three relatively simple time domain methods: Zero-Crossing Rate, Log Energy and Autocorrelation of seismic signals; combined with LPC coefficients collected from acoustic signals. Classification with either SVM or LVQ reached 93.30 % or 80.80 % respectively. This study therefore has demonstrated it is possible to detect an approaching vehicle and classify its type by using acoustic and seismic signal processing.


The report presents results from an interview study that examined the characteristics of the Nordic nuclear branch safety culture. The study also tested the theoretical model of safety culture developed by the authors. The interview data was collected in Sweden (n = 14) and Finland (n = 16). Interviewees represented the major actors in the nuclear field (regulators, power companies, expert organizations, waste management organizations). The study gave insight into the nature of safety culture in the nuclear industry. It provided an overview on the variety of factors that people in the industry consider important for safety. The respondents rather coherently saw such psychological states as motivation, mindfulness, sense of control, understanding of hazards and safety and sense of responsibility as important for nuclear safety. Some of the respondents described a certain Nordic orientation towards safety. One characteristic was a sense of personal responsibility for safety. However, there was no clear agreement on the existence of a shared Nordic nuclear safety culture. Sweden and Finland were seen different for example in the way the cooperation between plants and nuclear safety authorities was arranged and research activities organized. There were also perceived differences in the way everyday activities like decision making were carried out in the organizations. There are multiple explanations for the differences. The industry in Sweden has been driven by the strong supplier. In Finland the regulator's role in shaping the culture has been more active. Other factors creating differences are e.g. national culture and company culture and the type of the power plant. Co-operation between Nordic nuclear power organizations was viewed valuable yet challenging from safety point of view. The report concludes that a good safety culture requires a deep and wide understanding of nuclear safety including the various accident mechanisms of the power plants as well as a willingness to continuously develop one's competence and understanding. An effective and resilient nuclear safety culture has to foster a constant sense of unease that prevents complacency yet at the same time it has to foster a certain professional pride and a feeling of accomplishment to maintain work motivation and healthy occupational identity.


North American nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of 1.6 ± 0.3 Tg N/yr over 2008–2014 are estimated using the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange regional inversion framework. The estimated N2O emissions are largely consistent with the EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) global inventory and with the results of global atmospheric inversions but offer more spatial and temporal detail over North America. Emissions are strongest from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt, which accounts for nearly one third of the total North American N2O source. The emissions are maximum in spring/early summer, consistent with a nitrogen fertilizer‐driven source, and also show a late winter spike suggestive of freeze‐thaw effects. Interannual variability in emissions across the primary months of fertilizer application is positively correlated to mean precipitation. The estimated N2O flux from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt and the more northerly United States/Canadian wheat belt corresponds to 4.2–4.6% and 2.2–3.0%, respectively, of total synthetic + organic N fertilizer applied to those regions. Consideration of nonagricultural sources and additional N inputs from soybean N2 fixation could reduce the N2O yield from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt to ~2.2–2.4% of total N inputs.


The support/facilitation of subsistence farmers to establish commercially viable intensive production systems is a major opportunity and challenge in the development of many agricultural lands in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. The identification of suitable models of engagement, partners, organisations, and others, is an ongoing learning process. This chapter includes previously unpublished group interviews with upper management of an international food company to understand the existing and potential supply chain in Mozambique, and clarify their activities within the context of fostering selected farmer clusters to increase agricultural intensification to meet commercial food standards. Developing local capacity to supply commercial demands requires access to modern capital, technology, cultivars, and inputs for improving farm productivity, alongside the demonstration of improved production techniques over time. This requires some creativity in technology adaptation for specific production and socio-economic needs. It also fundamentally requires a market-led approach to land use in terms of intensification, and strategic investments with the aim of joining the commercial links and minimising coordination failures when they occur in developing markets. Such a partnered facilitation can communicate global food demands back to producers to enable adaptation, and also improve local access to farm inputs to enable them to achieve quality and quantity targets on a commercial basis. This chapter is derived from an unpublished report commissioned by ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) to the Doepel Group Pty Ltd., and has been updated, revised, and advanced under the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)'s Australian Development Research Award Scheme project undertaken by Murdoch University.


Background The treatment of enteric fever is complicated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Typhi. Azithromycin is commonly used for first-line treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever, but the response to treatment may be sub-optimal in some patient groups when compared with fluoroquinolones. Methods We performed an analysis of responses to treatment with azithromycin (500mg once-daily, 14 days) or ciprofloxacin (500mg twice-daily, 14 days) in healthy UK volunteers (18–60 years) enrolled into two Salmonella controlled human infection studies. Study A was a single-centre, open-label, randomised trial. Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive open-label oral ciprofloxacin or azithromycin, stratified by vaccine group (Vi-polysaccharide, Vi-conjugate or control Men-ACWY vaccine). Study B was an observational challenge/re-challenge study, where participants were randomised to challenge with Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi A. Outcome measures included fever clearance time, blood-culture clearance time and a composite measure of prolonged treatment response (persistent fever ≥38.0°C for ≥72 hours, persistently positive S. Typhi blood cultures for ≥72 hours, or change in antibiotic treatment). Both trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02324751 and NCT02192008). Findings In 81 participants diagnosed with S. Typhi in two studies, treatment with azithromycin was associated with prolonged bacteraemia (median 90.8 hours [95% CI: 65.9–93.8] vs. 20.1 hours [95% CI: 7.8–24.3], p<0.001) and prolonged fever clearance times <37.5°C (hazard ratio 2.4 [95%CI: 1.2–5.0]; p = 0.02). Results were consistent when studies were analysed independently and in a sub-group of participants with no history of vaccination or previous challenge. A prolonged treatment response was observed significantly more frequently in the azithromycin group (28/52 [54.9%]) compared with the ciprofloxacin group (1/29 [3.5%]; p<0.001). In participants treated with azithromycin, observed systemic plasma concentrations of azithromycin did not exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), whilst predicted intracellular concentrations did exceed the MIC. In participants treated with ciprofloxacin, the observed systemic plasma concentrations and predicted intracellular concentrations of ciprofloxacin exceeded the MIC. Interpretation Azithromycin at a dose of 500mg daily is an effective treatment for fully sensitive strains of S. Typhi but is associated with delayed treatment response and prolonged bacteraemia when compared with ciprofloxacin within the context of a human challenge model. Whilst the cellular accumulation of azithromycin is predicted to be sufficient to treat intracellular S. Typhi, systemic exposure may be sub-optimal for the elimination of extracellular circulating S. Typhi. In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, further studies are required to define appropriate azithromycin dosing regimens for enteric fever and to assess novel treatment strategies, including combination therapies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02324751 and NCT02192008).


For the past 20 years, J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies have been synonymous with introductory books on behavioural ecology. In their fourth edition of Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, they incorporate similar topics from previous editions with new chapters on the exciting developing fields of cognitive ecology, phylogenetics, population genetics and conservation. Most noticeable, however, is the new hierarchical organization of the book. The book is divided into three major parts: 'Mechanisms and individual behaviour', 'From individual behaviour to social systems', and 'Life histories, phylogenies and populations'.


Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) may provide a sustainable treatment technology for the digestion of mixed municipal sludge based on their ability to achieve elevated volatile solids (VS) conversion and a net positive energy balance. However, AnMBRs may have throughput limitations particularly when operated at high solids inventories due to membrane fouling. This study characterized the anaerobic digestion bioprocess and the membrane performance under various operating conditions and identified the foulant mode using the classical 'Hermia-Field' blocking models while operating the system under low crossflow and low transmembrane pressures. Using the in-vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay the sludge and permeate quality was assessed for its estrogenic potential. The permeate was analysed for a group of environmentally relevant trace organic compounds. The study used a side-stream pilot scale AnMBR with two parallel negative tubular membranes and a flow through anaerobic digester (AD) as a control. Each reactor was fed in parallel from a common mixed sludge source. The tubular ultrafiltration membranes were polyvinylidene difluoride based with a nominal pore size of 20 nm, operated at a crossflow of 1–1.2 m/s and a transmembrane pressure of 34–54 kPa. Four operating conditions that included different SRT:HRT ratios under ambient (25 ◦C), mesophilic (35 ◦C) and thermophilic (55 ◦C) temperatures were investigated. The main AnMBR advantage over the AD is the ability to decouple and independently control the system SRT and HRT resulting in increased throughput, at lower HRT, while maintaining a low food to microorganisms ratio by increasing the SRT. This operational strategy was used and under mesophilic conditions, the AnMBR showed a 54 and 64 % volatile solids conversion at SRT:HRT of 30:15 and 21:7 days, with loading rates of 2.1 ± 0.4 and 3.7 ± 0.9 kg COD/m3 · d, respectively. Under ambient and thermophilic operating conditions, the SRT/HRT ratio was adjusted considering the system kinetics and the AnMBR showed a 49 and 55 % volatile solids conversion at SRT/HRT of 40:8 and 22:7 days, with loading rates of 3.5 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.8 kg COD/m3 · d, respectively. Under all the operating conditions the AnMBR was operated at more than double the loading rate and showed an improvement of 13–30 % increase in volatile solids conversion, compared to the AD. A comparison of the energy balance between the AnMBR and AD showed a net positive energy balance for the AnMBR when operated at mesophilic and ambient temperatures but not during thermophilic operation. The AD proved sustainable under ambient operation only. The membrane performance showed a median sustainable flux of 6–7 ± 2 LMH which was maintained through inter-permeation cycle rest and clean-in-place (CIP) strategy. The frequency of the CIP increased with an increase in SRT, TS and during ambient operation due to an increase in viscosity of the mixed liquor. The dominant fouling mode was found to be cake fouling under all operating conditions and primarily of a reversible type. The permeability decline was assessed and found to be affected primarily by TS, SRT/HRT ratio and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) protein to polysaccharide ratio. The estrogenicity of the feed sludge was found to persist in anaerobically treated mixed municipal sludges and the AnMBR permeate. This was corroborated by the permeate chemical analysis which found a significant contribution from a small number of estrogens.


Using the Chinese A-share listed firms over the period from 2005 to 2012, this paper examines the relationships between earnings management, annual report patch and accounting comparability. The empirical results indicate that Chinese listed companies tend to release their annual report patch after implementing accrual earnings management, but the Chinese listed companies are not likely to release their annual report patch after implementing real earnings management. Disclosing an annual report patch after implementing earnings management may have a positive impact on accounting comparability. This result indicates that an annual report patch published by sample firms may rectify disclosed errors or earnings management of a previous annual report, as a result accounting information quality will be improved.


A synthesis of palaeomagnetic/geochemical studies on Palaeozoic rocks in the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, indicates that basinal and meteoric fluids, as well as burial diagenetic processes, caused multiple remagnetization events. Basinal fluids migrated laterally through palaeoaquifers and vertically through faults/fractures, causing localized remagnetization and alteration in, and around, the fluid conduits. These fluids migrated during multiple flow events that spanned an approximately 60 Ma time interval in the late Palaeozoic. Based on the timing of remagnetization, most of the basinal fluids can be considered orogenic fluids. The palaeomagnetic results from the Arbuckle Mountains are consistent with migration of orogenic-type fluids during and after orogeny, although there were multiple flow events rather than one event as has been hypothesized for the central Appalachians. Meteoric fluids also caused localized alteration and remagnetization whereas a burial diagenetic mechanism (e.g. maturation of hydrocarbons) is a likely explanation for pervasive chemical remagnetization in an impermeable unit.


Abstract The authors present process and outcome data collected during the treatment of a client seen for weekly art therapy sessions over 6 years in the UK National Health Service. Routine outcome measures completed before and after therapy with a 3-year follow-up confirmed positive therapy results. The client was part of a research study that required completing an evaluation instrument (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure: CORE-OM) before each session. Retrospectively, the significance of the volume of data this produced over 6 years was recognized, and researchers collated numerical data for a single case study. At the same time, the art therapist reviewed her notes from therapy and the artwork produced by the client. Artwork was categorized by the therapist as representing different phases of therapy. After therapy ended, data from the researchers and the therapist were then systematically examined together. This study explores links between progress indicated by the CORE-OM and type of art produced, highlighting issues relating to the process, appropriateness, and cost-effectiveness of long-term therapy.


ABSTRACT Catheter-related bloodstream infections due to Staphylococcus aureus are of increasing clinical importance. The pathophysiological steps leading to colonization and infection, however, are still incompletely defined. We observed growth and detachment of S. aureus biofilms in an in vitro catheter-infection model by using time-lapse microscopy. Biofilm emboli were characterized by their size and their susceptibility for oxacillin. Biofilm dispersal was found to be a dynamic process in which clumps of a wide range of diameters detach. Large detached clumps were highly tolerant to oxacillin compared with exponential-phase planktonic cultures. Interestingly, the degree of antibiotic tolerance in stationary-phase planktonic cultures was equal to that in the large clumps. The mechanical disruption of large clumps reduced the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) by more than 1,000 times. The MBC for whole biofilm effluent, consisting of particles with an average number of 20 bacteria was 3.5 times higher than the MBC for planktonic cultures. We conclude that the antibiotic resistance of detached biofilm particles depends on the embolus size and could be attributed to nutrient-limited stationary-phase physiology of cells within the clumps. We hypothesize that the detachment of multicellular clumps may explain the high rate of symptomatic metastatic infections seen with S. aureus.


My dissertation examines the theatrical depiction of corpses as both stage-objects for theoretical speculation and as performance phenomena of the early modern English stage. Investigating popular drama on the London stage from 1587 -1683, I demonstrate that the performance of the dead body by the living actor (what I term the "theatrical corpse") is informed by early modern secular and religious polemics over the materiality of the body, the efficacy of performative behavior, and emerging theories of theatrical presence. Previously, literary scholars have approached the performance of death on the stage using the insights of psychoanalysis or medical science, arguing for a rise of the subject and a growing sense of the individual via the emergence of empirical science and anatomical dissection. By contrast, my dissertation focuses on the material realities of the performance event such as staging, sets, and performance objects. In so doing, my dissertation reveals the theatrical corpse on stage---much like the early modern corpse off stage---to function as an active narrative agent beyond its death.


Here, it is shown that binary superlattices of Co/Ag nanocrystals with the same size, surface coating, differing by their type of crystallinity are governed by Co-Co magnetic interactions. By using 9 nm amorphous-phase Co nanocrystals and 4 nm polycrystalline Ag nanocrystals at 25 °C, triangle-shaped NaCl-type binary nanocrystal superlattices are produced driven by the entropic force, maximizing the packing density. By contrast, using ferromagnetic 9 nm single domain (hcp) Co nanocrystals instead of amorphous-phase Co, dodecagonal quasicrystalline order is obtained, together with less-packed phases such as the CoAg13 (NaZn13-type), CoAg (AuCu-type), and CoAg3 (AuCu3-type) structures. On increasing temperature to 65 °C, 9 nm hcp Co nanocrystals become superparamagnetic, and the system yields the CoAg3 (AuCu3-type) and CoAg2 (AlB2-type) structures, as observed with 9 nm amorphous Co nanocrystals. Furthermore, by decreasing the Co nanocrystal size from 9 to 7 nm, stable AlB2-type binary nanocrystal superlattices are produced, which remain independent of the crystallinity of Co nanocrystals with the superparamagnetic state.