Stream processing platforms allow applications to analyse incoming data continuously. Several use cases exist that make use of these capabilities, ranging from monitoring of physical infrastructures to pre selecting video surveillance feeds for human inspection. It is difficult to predict how much computing resources are needed for these stream processing platforms, because the volume and velocity of input data may vary over time. The open source Apache Storm software provides a framework for developers to build processing applications that use the computing resources of all machines within an established cluster. Because of the varying processing needs of such applications, the platform should be able to automatically grow and shrink as needed. Unfortunately, the current Storm platform does not provide this capability. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a tool that monitors several aspects of the Storm platform, the applications running on top of it, and external systems such as queues and databases. Based on this information, the tool decides whether extra servers are needed or machines may be decommissioned from the cluster, and then acts upon it by actually creating new virtual machines or shutting them down.


We tested the hypothesis that the stable carbon isotope signature of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) was regulated by canopy conductance (Gc) using weekly Keeling plots (n=51) from a semiarid old‐growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in Oregon, USA. For a comparison of forests in two contrasting climates we also evaluated trends in δ13CR from a wet 20‐year‐old Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantation located near the Pacific Ocean. Intraannual variability in δ13CR was greater than 8.0‰ at both sites, was highest during autumn, winter, and spring when rainfall was abundant, and lowest during summer drought. The δ13CR of the dry pine forest was consistently more positive than the wetter Douglas‐fir forest (mean annual δ13CR: −25.41‰ vs. −26.23‰, respectively, P=0.07). At the Douglas‐fir forest, δ13CR–climate relationships were consistent with predictions based on stomatal regulation of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ). Soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (vpd) were the most important factors governing δ13CR in this forest throughout the year. In contrast, δ13CR at the pine forest was relatively insensitive to SWC or vpd, and exhibited a smaller drought‐related enrichment (∼2‰) than the enrichment observed during drought at the Douglas‐fir forest (∼5‰). Groundwater access at the pine forest may buffer canopy–gas exchange from drought. Despite this potential buffering, δ13CR at the pine forest was significantly but weakly related to canopy conductance (Gc), suggesting that δ13CR remains coupled to canopy–gas exchange despite groundwater access. During drought, δ13CR was strongly correlated with soil temperature at both forests. The hypothesis that canopy‐level physiology is a critical regulator of δ13CR was supported; however, belowground respiration may become more important during rain‐free periods.


When identifying and addressing the causes and consequences of ableism, it is necessary to consider capitalistic influences. When considering the inequalities produced or perpetuated by capitalism, it is necessary to consider ableism. Central to this connection are knowledge production systems that favor certain bodyminds and means of production. From these systems emerge both knowledge claims about ideal bodyminds as well as material artifacts and other technologies reproducing these claims. While the context of our argument is primarily that of the United States, it is our opinion that the linkages between ableism and capitalism have critical import elsewhere. Additionally, the application of anarchist thought to the ableist-capitalist relationship helps advance incisive critiques rooted in social constructionism and the interrogation of inequities rooted in a shared knowledge inheritance. This perspective piece aims not to be prescriptive, but to highlight oppressive linkages heretofore relegated to afterthought.


Introduction: Homeless individuals are often mischaracterized as members of a homogeneous population that suffers from a wide mental health and addiction issues, with little consideration of potentially important differences within or between samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comorbidy of alcohol and/or substance dependence (ASD) and major psychiatric diagnoses (bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and psychotic disorder) in a large Canadian sample of homeless individuals, and to examine potential sources of variability including location and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1,585 homeless individuals were assessed for alcohol and/or substance dependence and bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and psychotic disorder with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0). Regional and ethnic differences in major psychiatric diagnoses between homeless with and without ASD were examined using univariate (i.e., chi-square) and multivariate (i.e., logistic regression) statistics. Results: Members of the sample with ASD were found to be younger, Aboriginal, less well-educated, and born in the Americas. They were more significantly more prevalent in Western Canada and less prevalent in Central and Eastern Canada. The odds of having ASD were higher among people affected by bipolar disorder and (to a less extent) unipolar depression. Limitations: Data collected were self-reported and no urinalyses were performed. We considered diagnosis of ASD according to the previous 12 months only. Conclusions: Homeless people with major mental illness are at high risk for concurrent ASD, however the prevalence of ASD varies significantly between cities, and based on ethnicity and specific psychiatric diagnosis (with greater prevalence in individuals affected by bipolar disorder and, to a less extent, unipolar depression). Clinicians, administrators and policy makers should develop and deliver services based on careful assessment of the local population.


Abstract In this study we have examined the inflation convergence hypothesis in the five countries that belong to the East African Community and which recently signed a protocol outlining their plans for launching a monetary union within ten years. We check for common patterns in the persistence in the inflation levels. As it is argued in the literature, countries hoping to form a monetary union should present similar inflation patterns. Our study shows that the inflation rates in these countries present orders of integration equal to higher than one in all cases, confirming that shocks will most certainly not recover in the long run. Moreover, fractional cointegration relationships are also found across all the countries with the exception of Tanzania, suggesting that this country displays a different pattern compared to the remaining four, presenting also some evidence of a break in the data.


SiGe nanocrystals have been formed in SiO2 matrix by cosputtering Si, Ge, and SiO2 independently on Si substrate. Effects of the annealing time and temperature on structural and compositional properties are studied by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy measurements. It is observed that Ge-rich Si(1−x)Gex nanocrystals do not hold their compositional uniformity when annealed at high temperatures for enough long time. A segregation process leading to separation of Ge and Si atoms from each other takes place. This process has been evidenced by a double peak formation in the XRD and Raman spectra. We attributed this phase separation to the differences in atomic size, surface energy, and surface diffusion disparity between Si and Ge atoms leading to the formation of nonhomogenous structure consist of a Si-rich SiGe core covered by a Ge-rich SiGe shell. This experimental observation is consistent with the result of reported theoretical and simulation methods.


In this article, I apply the metaphor of Charlie Brown, the Charles Schulz comic strip character who seems to always travel with a rain cloud permanently hovering atop him, to a peculiar phenomenon in international law and foreign relations that affects only one nation: Israel. I explore recent manifestations of and the resulting legal consequences stemming from Israel's subjection to this phenomenon, which is termed the "Charlie Brown Rain Cloud Effect," an irrational, troubling occurrence that ensures Israel will succumb to public opinion pressure and be forced to depart from its objectives, whether in war or during peace. Illustrating the far-reaching ramifications of the "Effect," I argue that an omnipresent, extrajudicial, anti-Israel bias has been cultivated and perpetuated in order to impede Israel's legal rights to which it is accorded as a sovereign and a member of the United Nations, and to impose impracticalities upon its exercise of those rights. Continually faced with conclusive allegations demonizing it as an occupying, hegemonic colonial power, Israel, I contend, stands alone as the unwitting beneficiary of the selective and convenient dilution of the United Nations Charter and principles of international law.I utilize the "Effect" as a didactic tool to expose the several spheres in which it promotes disparate application of principles of international law. First, I explore the "Effect" within the United Nations, setting forth the instances of institutional bias against Israel through the organization's own violation of substantive and procedural legal requirements for adjudicating Israel's membership application. Second, I dissect recurring manifestations of the organization's disparate treatment - reserved only for and limited to Israel - and analyze the extrajudicial requirement of group membership, an impermissible imposition placed upon Israel to limit the full rights to which it is entitled under the United Nations Charter as a member. Third, I consider the 2004 advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice at the Hague that condemned Israel's counterterrorism initiative as a violation of international law and proscribed Israel's ability to exercise self-defense against terrorism. I then elaborate upon this proscription - and the accompanying manifestation of the "Effect" - by discussing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that erupted in southern Lebanon in July 2006 and the ramifications of the Hague Court's pronouncements. Ultimately, I conclude that, unless integrity and the vitality of law prevail over the numerous extrajudicial requirements and impositions to which Israel is subjected, the various manifestations and permutations of the "Effect" create a dire existential question for a democratic nation that should be accorded the same rights and privileges as all members of the United Nations.


Today Pierre Bourdieu is well known as one of the most important social scientists of the 20th century. One of the outstanding qualities of his work has been his innovative combination of different methods and research strategies as well as his analytical skills in interpreting the obtained data (his 'sociological gaze'). In this paper, we attempt to retrace the development of an extraordinary way of doing social research and show the benefit of Bourdieu's visual sociology for his empirical fieldwork and sociological theory. The article particularly stresses the significance of his photographic archive, which has long been ignored within the appreciation of Bourdieu's work. Studying Bourdieu's photography gives access to his æuvre in several new ways: not only can we understand how Bourdieu became an unconventional sociologist practicing his craft in the midst of a colonial war. Bourdieu's visual anthropology also offers an insight into the status nascendi of Bourdieu's sociology in all its elementary forms and contents. Through his photography Boudieu demonstrated the concepts of 'habitat and habitus', the material and symbolic living conditions of the Algerian population.


The contribution addresses the cross-language experiment. The aim was to test the possibility of the con- version French phoneme models into Czech ones. This mo- del conversion uses the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) classification procedure. The first step consists of the ite- rative mapping of French models to Czech ones. The map- ping is given by the analysis the confusion matrix. The se- cond step is the Baum-Welch re-estimation resulting in the final models for Czech language. Despite of the differences between French and Czech languages the final recognition score reaches 64% for the phoneme recognition and 74% for digit recognition. Relatively low recognition accuracy is caused by the inadequate noise model. The experiences gained with the cross-language experi- ment were utilized for the classification of simple human body movements. The solution of this problem and results are described in the second part of this contribution under the title EEG Signals Classification-Introduction to the Problem.


In modern society, economic growth is considered to be the primary goal pursued through policymaking. But when and how did this perception become widely adopted among social scientists, politicians and the general public? Focusing on the OECD, one of the least understood international organisations, Schmelzer offers the first transnational study to chart the history of growth discourses. He reveals how the pursuit of GDP growth emerged as a societal goal and the ways in which the methods employed to measure, model and prescribe growth resulted in statistical standards, international policy frameworks and widely accepted norms. Setting his analysis within the context of capitalist development, post-war reconstruction, the Cold War, decolonization, and industrial crisis, The Hegemony of Growth sheds new light on the continuous reshaping of the growth paradigm up to the neoliberal age and adds historical depth to current debates on climate change, inequality and the limits to growth.


This study primarily investigates differences in the market variables of companies that show corporate social responsibility (CSR) compared with those that do not. We also examine whether predictions of CSR can be determined and which statistical technique better fits the data set. In this study, CSR is explored using dichotomous analytical techniques such as discriminant analysis and a logit specification. The results of these analyses indicate that very few of the investigated market variables—stock price, stock returns, earnings per share, and dividends—play a role in discriminating between these two categories of companies, while firm size plays almost no role at all. This study, which is limited to companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange, has significant practical implications because it can motivate potential investors and/or the public at large to decide to invest in companies that demonstrate a high degree of CSR and improve policymaking through appropriate policies or incentives for CSR programs. This study is an original research paper that presents novel empirical findings. It adds to the body of knowledge on this topic because of its serious policy implications as well as its innovative model building and derived findings.


Background In 2011, the Netherlands implemented a national policy that ensured that health insurance companies reimbursed behavioural counselling for smoking cessation or the combination of behavioural counselling with pharmacological therapy. Objective To examine the real-world impact of a national reimbursement policy and accompanying media attention on use of cessation treatment and on smoking cessation. Methods We used a four-wave longitudinal survey among 2763 adult smokers that started in September 2010 and was repeated at approximately 3 month intervals until June 2011. Two survey waves were conducted before the implementation of the policy and two survey waves after. Findings There were significant increases in quit attempts (among moderate-to-heavy smokers) and in quit success (among all smokers) following the implementation of the reimbursement policy and the media attention. Use of behavioural counselling did not increase, while use of pharmacological therapy without behavioural counselling (unreimbursed treatment) increased among moderate-to-heavy smokers. Attention to media about the reimbursement was significantly associated with more quit attempts and more quit success. Awareness of the policy was significantly associated with more use of reimbursed treatment among all smokers, while attention to the media coverage was only significantly associated with more use of reimbursed treatment among moderate-to-heavy smokers. Awareness/attention variables were not significantly associated with use of unreimbursed treatment. Conclusions It seems that a national reimbursement policy for smoking cessation treatment that is accompanied by media attention can increase cessation. Our findings suggest that this increase can (partly) be ascribed to the media attention that accompanied the policy implementation.


Cardiovascular diseases and in particular Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) represent one of the challenge to be faced by National Health System, because of their mortality and morbidity, related expenditure and huge impact on health-related quality of life. Limited health funding and rapidly expanding population of older patients with CHF are leading many National Health Services (NHSs) to search for new programs of care, which allows providing high-quality care in settings alternative to hospitals ones. Home-monitoring (HM) and Disease Management Programs (DMP) were widely explored in the last years because, compared to usual care, they can provide specialized care to a larger number of patients with a limited access to healthcare services. Moreover, both HM and DMP are effective alternatives to UC for management of CHF, reducing mortality and readmission rate. A wide literature investigates their effects on clinical outcomes of patients suffering from CHF. In almost the totality of study, those models have been compared to UC, and there is not sufficient literature comparing directly HM and DMP. This comparison is needed since some National Health Services (NHSs), as the Italian one, are promoting the adoption of HM as an alternatives to UC, while preliminary studies proved that, although HM could be slightly more effective than DMP, HM is up to five times more costly than DMP, and therefore less cost-effective. Therefore, the first aim of the current thesis is to provide a systematic comparison of efficacy of HM benchmarked with DMP, which is reported in the chapter 1. Moreover, I contribute to the project and design of a telemedicine service enhanced with data-mining and pattern recognition. In the chapter 2, the design of the telemedicine platform is described and the details about the data-mining application for Heart Failure detection and assessment are reported. In the chapter 3, the results relative to a data-warehouse for hypertensive patients is reported. Finally, the chapter 4 presents the results of the research for prediction of long-term survival in the elderly.


Essays in this valuable book examine the results of research on theological education in the twentieth century, spiritual formation among seminarians, and the changing nature of Presbyterian-related colleges. Several essays review Christian education among Presbyterians, focusing on the forming of curricula and publications from denominational presses. Through its examination of American Presbyterianism, the Presbyterian Presence series illuminates patterns of change in mainstream Protestantism and American religious and cultural life in the twentieth century.


The unprecedented availability of geospatial data and technologies is driving innovation and discovery but not without the risk of losing focus on the geographic foundations of space and place in this vast "cyber sea" of data and technology. There is a pressing need to educate a new generation of scientists and citizens who understand how space and place matter in the real world and who understand and can keep pace with technological advancements in the computational world. We define cyberliteracy for GIScience (cyberGIScience literacy) and outline eight core areas that serve as a framework for establishing the essential abilities and foundational knowledge necessary to navigate and thrive in this new technologically rich world. The core areas are arranged to provide multiple dimensions of learning ranging from a technological focus to a problem solving focus or a focus on GIScience or computational science. We establish a competency matrix as a means of assessing and evaluating levels of cyberGIScience literacy across the eight core areas. We outline plans to catalyze the collaborative development and sharing of instructional materials to embed cyberGIScience literacy in the classroom and begin to realize a cyberliterate citizenry and academe. Key Words: big data, computational thinking, geographic education, GIS, spatial thinking.


The Ministry for Primary Industries' PHELs receive many notifications each year of pests suspected of being new to New Zealand. Most notifications are received through the Ministry's free Pest and Disease Hotline and are an important source of surveillance data. During the period January 2015-February 2018, PHELs received ~9400 notifications, with each March the busiest (1,160) period. Fifty-one percent of notifications came from Auckland, Waikato or the Bay of Plenty. The brown soldier bug, Cermatulus nasalis, was the most frequently reported (483) invertebrate. Publicity campaigns targeting specific pests (e.g. brown marmorated stink bug), past incursion-response publicity (e.g. fruit flies, termites) and "strange-looking" invertebrate notifications are all reflected in the organisms reported. Excluding targeted campaigns and incursion responses, guava moth, Coscinoptycha improbana (181; ~2%), was the most frequently reported, followed by the three-lined hover fly, Helophilus seelandicus (97; ~1%). Spiders, as a group, were reported in considerable numbers (14.4%). Ant samples were frequently submitted (9.1%). These data indicate the number of notifications geographically is proportional to human-population levels.  These results will assist PHEL in planning and engaging in future surveillance initiatives.


The Kobuk River runs west along the southern Brooks Range from Gates of the Arctic National Park in Alaska, USA, to the Chukchi Sea. It is highly vulnerable to changes in climate due to its sub-Arctic location, unique geography, and permafrost foundation. Combined with its pristine condition, these qualities make the Kobuk an ideal system upon which to build a conceptual model for predicting ecosystem effects of climate change. We constructed a conceptual ecosystem model for the Kobuk River synthesizing surveyed baseline hydrologic, geomorphic and biotic conditions with literature on Arctic rivers. While the mainstem Kobuk has limited biological productivity, it provides spawning habitat and connectivity for large resident and migratory fish that rely upon off-channel habitat for food resources. System function is dependent largely on intermittent pulse flows that connect riverine habitats, allowing periods of late summer high productivity in off-channel habitat. Spring break-up and hill slope processes are critically important for maintaining habitat complexity and inter-connectivity. Climate change models predict the region will experience a disproportionate increase in average winter air temperature relative to summer temperatures, in the number of ice-free days, and in annual rainfall. Our conceptual model predicts that changes to fish and invertebrate populations on the Kobuk River will result not from physiological responses to increased temperatures, but rather to shifts in two main physical drivers: 1) spring break-up intensity, resulting in changes to scour rate and sediment deposition; and 2) discontinuous permafrost melt, resulting in widespread heterogeneous zones of active layer thickening and thermokarsting. The interaction of these two drivers offers four potential scenarios of geomorphic change in the system and four dramatically different biological outcomes. This model should help managers and scientists evaluate the magnitude and direction of ecosystem changes as they occur within the Kobuk system and potentially other sub-Arctic river systems.


The paper tries to build a framework of the interconnections between income distribution and accumulation for the years after 1980. On the basis of this framework it is argued that it was primarily the weakening of the inducements to invest that improved the attractiveness of financial investments, rather than the other way round. The overall effect on investment of financial sector enlargement was negative, but for the reason that it contributed to bring about a change in income distribution unfavourable to the expansion of demand, while permitting only a temporary disconnection of demand from the distributive change. The reader's attention is then drawn to the element of continuity that can be detected between the current European economic policy of austerity and the process of substitution of loans for wages experienced by a large section of advanced capitalism up to the 2007 crisis. The article concludes on the question of long-run social stability within advanced capitalism.


The aim of this study Is to paint a comprehensive picture of electoral politics during a period of significant historical change. By focusing on a small, open, two- member borough, it is hoped that an evaluation can be made of the various developments which took place in the English electoral system between the Reform Act of 1832 and the Redistribution Act of 1885. In order to achieve this, It was decided to examine five different aspects of Berwick's parliamentary representation during these years, namely, the candidates, the electors, election procedure, election Issues and electoral corruption. At the same time It was necessary to refer to other Investigations Into electoral politics, so that the Berwick experience could be placed in a national context. Chapter 1 takes account of recent work on electoral history and considers some of the methodological and conceptual problems Involved In the study of nineteenth-century electoral politics. Chapter 2 traces the development of the political press in the Victorian era and suggests that, despite the problem of political bias, newspapers can provide the historian with valuable Insights Into the conduct of nineteenth-century electoral politics. Chapter 3 discusses the selection procedure for parliamentary candidates and examines the personal qualities that were considered desirable In a candidate. It then attempts to analyse the extent to which these qualities contributed to the electoral success of a candidate. Chapter 4 examines the nature and voting behaviour of the Berwick electorate between 1832 and 1874. With the help of poll books, which recorded the way In which Individual electors voted, It is possible to discover useful Information on such features as the size and occupational composition of the electorate, electoral participation, the voting behaviour of occupational categories, cross-party voting, voting consistency and the voting preferences of freemen and ten-pound householders. Chapter 5 examines the ceremonial aspects of elections, beginning with the registration of voters and ending with the post-election entertainments. Elections were a major event In the life of the community, involving electors and non-electors alike. However, by the end of the period electoral procedure had become less ritualistic, and the part played by the disfranchised had been severely restricted. The chapter discusses these changes and the legislation which brought them about.


Muscular dystrophies, genetic diseases in which muscles become progressively weaker and degenerate, are associated with mutations of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Although the DGC is believed to maintain muscle structural integrity, the mechanisms through which its dysfunction leads to muscle degeneration have been unclear. Kim et al. observed that mutations in a previously uncharacterized gene produced defects in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion indistinguishable from those produced by DGC mutations. The authors used genetic mapping, RNA interference, and transgenic rescue to identify the gene as snf-6, previously determined on the basis of amino acid sequence as likely encoding a transporter. When stably transfected into HEK293 cells, SNF-6 mediated sodium-dependent uptake of acetylcholine and choline; moreover, muscles of snf-6 mutants displayed enhanced synaptic currents compared with those of wild-type worms after repetitive nerve stimulation. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity exacerbated the snf-6 mutant phenotype (as previously shown for worms with DGC mutations), whereas the snf-6 phenotype was not influenced by double mutations involving DGC genes. Further, as with DGC mutations, combining snf-6 mutation with mutation of hlh-1, a muscle-specific transcription factor, promoted muscle degeneration. Suppressing calcium channel expression attenuated this degeneration. SNF-6 coimmunoprecipitated with STN-1 (syntrophin, which mediates DGC interactions with effectors) and DGC mutations led to loss of a fluorescently labeled SNF-6 reporter from the neuromuscular junction. Thus, disruption of SNF-6-mediated acetylcholine uptake appears to contribute to the muscle degeneration produced by DGC mutations and--under conditions of enhanced synaptic activity--uptake into muscle may play a crucial role in terminating acetylcholine action. H. Kim, M. J. Rogers, J. E. Richmond, S. L. McIntire, SNF-6 is an acetylcholine transporter interacting with the dystrophin complex in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 430, 891-896 (2004). [Online Journal]


We investigate the role of the source coherence length in the two alternative definitions, [Phys. Rev. E 66, 016615 (2002)] and [Opt. Commun.248, 333 (2005)], respectively, on the degree of polarization of a three-dimensional near field emitted by a random planar source. It is demonstrated that for the wide variety of statistically homogeneous sources, there are regimes where both definitions are identical. In particular, this occurs for fields from δ-correlated, such as thermal sources. Further, we discuss how the excitation of surface waves influence whether those two definitions coincide.


Distinct from mastocytosis and simple allergy and characterized by constitutive mast cell (MC) activation and aberrant MC reactivity with little to no excessive MC accumulation, MC activation syndrome (MCAS) presents as acute-on-chronic multisystem polymorbidity of generally inflammatory ± allergic theme and may be epidemically prevalent ( PLoS ONE 2013;8(9):e76241). Occasional patients (pts) suffer nearly continuous anaphylactoid and/or dysautonomic states poorly controlled by intermittently dosed epinephrine (epi), antihistamines, steroids, etc. Many medications (meds) have helped MCAS pts, but there are not yet any biomarkers predictive of effective therapy. Pts often try many meds, but med trials in pts suffering very frequent flares are impractical in that a flaring soon after dosing of a new med cannot be distinguished from "baseline" flaring from yet-uncontrolled disease vs. flaring in specific reaction to the new med. Thus, med trials in severe MCAS often are prematurely terminated for safety. Some modicum of stability is required to pursue med trials in such pts. Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a well tolerated histamine H1 receptor blocker which can quickly suppress MC activation and is used to treat allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. However, its half-life is as short as 1 hr (www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01075). Severely afflicted MCAS pts often need many DPH treatments each day (preferably intravenously (IV) for fastest onset of action); cumulative daily dosing often is 10-fold or more greater than the common single dosage of 25-50 mg. Intermittently dosed, though, its initially therapeutic serum level rapidly declines to subtherapeutic and the pt seesaws into yet another flare. The safety of continuous DPH infusion (CDI) was established in trials of the "BAD" regimen (DPH (Benadryl), lorazepam (Ativan), and dexamethasone) in refractory chemotherapy-induced emesis in adult and pediatric pts ( Bone Marrow Transplant 1999;24:561; Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:330). Reviewed here are several cases of life-threatening MCAS stabilized with CDI.

Methods: Ten pts were treated (age range 18-49; 9 women). All were disabled from virtually continuous anaphylactoid and/or severely dysautonomic (e.g., pseudoepileptic, hypotensive, etc.) flaring despite multiple treatments daily including subcutaneous epi, DPH (25-100 mg doses by IV, intramuscular, and/or oral routes), H2 blockers, etc. Median total daily DPH dose before CDI was 600 mg (range 600-800 mg = 25-33 mg/hr). CDI was initiated in all at 5 mg/hr (≤20% of total daily DPH dose). With each flare, rescue DPH 25-50 mg IV was given and CDI was increased 1-2 mg/hr.

Results: All 10 pts were already hospitalized for virtually continuous anaphylaxis; 2 had been continuously in intensive care units (ICUs) for 12 days and 8 weeks. Nine pts (including both ICU pts) ceased flaring once CDI reached 10-12 mg/hr (240-288 mg/d, <50% of prior total daily DPH consumption). Rates <10 mg/hr were uniformly ineffective. One pt reached 17 mg/hr without responding and treatment was stopped. Responders ceased flaring 12-24h, and were discharged 18-48h, after initiation of CDI. With indwelling lines and portable pumps, responders could continue CDI and demand-dose bolus DPH to address further flares. Two responders continued after discharge to suffer a flare every ~1-2 days, but increase of CDI to 13-14.5 mg/hr (312-348 mg/d) reduced flares to once every 1-4 weeks. With follow-up ranging 0.5-21 months (median 13), responders report continuing flares at greatly reduced rates ranging ~1-4/month (and much less severe), each time readily controllable with 10-25 mg of bolus DPH. No tolerance or other evidence of waning DPH effect was seen. No early or late toxicity has been identified. Eight responders pursued trials of other meds which generally proved well-tolerated, but no responder has gained sufficient improvement with other meds to permit weaning off CDI.

Conclusions: In this small retrospective series of MCAS pts suffering almost continuous anaphylactoid/dysautonomic flares, CDI at 10-14.5 mg/hr appeared effective in most pts at dramatically reducing flare rates and appeared safely sustainable at stable dosing for at least 21 months. Stabilization has enabled successful trials of other helpful meds, but no pt has yet successfully stopped CDI. More research is needed to better understand MCAS pathobiology and identify better treatments.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The provision of emergency contraception (EC) especially to women who have been raped has become a standard tenet of medical care. EC is endorsed by several leading medical associations such as the American Medical Association the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and by the United States Food and Drug Administration. All health care institutions that counsel or treat women who have been raped should offer EC themselves or should meaningfully refer women someplace where they can obtain it. Unfortunately few Catholic hospitals fulfill this obligation. (excerpt)


The goal of RECORDS (Reaching Recording Data Technologies) is the digital capturing of buildings and cultural heritage objects in hard-to-reach areas and the combination of data. It is achieved by using a modified crane from film industry, which is able to carry different measuring systems. The low-vibration measurement should be guaranteed by a gyroscopic controlled advice that has been , developed for the project. The data were achieved by using digital photography, UV-fluorescence photography, infrared reflectography, infrared thermography and shearography. Also a terrestrial 3D laser scanner and a light stripe topography scanner have been used The combination of the recorded data should ensure a complementary analysis of monuments and buildings.


Given an output wavefunction of a monitored quantum circuit consisting of both unitary gates and projective measurements, we ask whether two complementary subsystems are entangled or not. For Clifford circuits, we find that this question can be mapped to a certain classical error-correction problem where various entanglement measures can be explicitly computed from the recoverability. The dual classical code is constructed from spacetime patterns of out-of-time ordered correlation functions among local operators and measured Pauli operators in the past, suggesting that the volume-law entanglement in a monitored circuit emerges from quantum information scrambling, namely the growth of local operators. We also present a method of verifying quantum entanglement by providing a simple deterministic entanglement distillation algorithm, which can be interpreted as decoding of the dual classical code. Discussions on coding properties of a monitored Clifford circuit, including explicit constructions of logical and stabilizer operators, are also presented. Applications of our framework to various physical questions, including non-Clifford systems, are discussed as well. Namely, we argue that the entanglement structure of a monitored quantum circuit in the volumelaw phase is largely independent of the initial states and past measurement outcomes except recent ones, due to the decoupling phenomena from scrambling dynamics, up to a certain polynomial length scale which can be identified as the code distance of the circuit. We also derive a general relation between the code distance and the sub-leading contribution to the volume-law entanglement entropy. Applications of these results to black hole physics are discussed as well. 1 ar X iv :2 10 9. 08 69 1v 1 [ qu an tph ] 1 7 Se p 20 21


This paper recounts the process by which a severely reading-disabled adult student taught himself to read and write Ancient Greek, and in so doing, improved his ability to read and write in English. Initially, Keith's reading and writing were slow, difficult and inaccurate, accompanied by visual disturbance. However, motivated by a strong interest in Ancient Greek literature and philosophical ideas, Keith enlisted me (his Faculty's academic skills adviser) to help him learn the language. Working on transliteration focused Keith's attention on the alphabetic principle separately from meaning, while practising translation focused on the formal markers of meaning. Relieved of the stress of performing under pressures of time and others' expectations, Keith made good progress with Greek and, after 6 months, found himself reading more fluently in English, without visual disturbance. This paper seeks to contribute to our knowledge of how adults learn to read, looking at the interplay of motivation, phonological awareness, knowledge of how form conveys meaning, and the learning environment. It both draws upon, and raises questions for, the neuroscientific study of dyslexia.


A novel cytolytic factor, aplysianin P, which induces tumor lysis, was purified to apparent homogeneity from the purple fluid of the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Purified aplysianin P was a single Mr 60,000 polypeptide. This factor was half-maximally active at 3-25 ng protein/ml and lysed all the tumor cells tested but did not lyse normal WBC or RBC. Aplysianin P was labile on treatments with heat, low pH, urea, and periodate, but not with Pronase. The factor completely inhibited the syntheses of DNA, RNA, and protein by tumor cells within 2 h and caused their complete cytolysis within 18 h. Tumor lysis by aplysianin P was inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid, suggesting that recognition of the sugar moiety is a key step in the cytolysis induced by aplysianin P. The factor also prolonged the survival of mice bearing syngeneic MM46 ascites. It did not resemble previously isolated antineoplastic glycoproteins from the eggs (aplysianin E) or albumen gland (aplysianin A) of A. kurodai in terms of molecular size, antigenicity, or amino acid composition. These results suggest that aplysianin P found in an invertebrate, the sea hare, is a new antitumor factor.


Associations between selected alleles and the genetic backgrounds on which they are found can reduce the efficacy of selection. We consider the extent to which such interference, known as the Hill-Robertson effect, acting between weakly selected alleles, can restrict molecular adaptation and affect patterns of polymorphism and divergence. In particular, we focus on synonymous-site mutations, considering the fate of novel variants in a two-locus model and the equilibrium effects of interference with multiple loci and reversible mutation. We find that weak selection Hill-Robertson (wsHR) interference can considerably reduce adaptation, e.g., codon bias, and, to a lesser extent, levels of polymorphism, particularly in regions of low recombination. Interference causes the frequency distribution of segregating sites to resemble that expected from more weakly selected mutations and also generates specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium. While the selection coefficients involved are small, the fitness consequences of wsHR interference across the genome can be considerable. We suggest that wsHR interference is an important force in the evolution of nonrecombining genomes and may explain the unexpected constancy of codon bias across species of very different census population sizes, as well as several unusual features of codon usage in Drosophila.


The electric utility industry has recently witnessed an extraordinary amount of regulatory activity focused on renewed clean air initiatives and new generating technology. "Green convergence", a term recently applied to a combination of state and federal regulatory events, has utility industry executives more closely scrutinizing their generation investment decisions and power supply alternatives. Electric generation and distribution companies alike currently face the long term impact of compliance with the recently enacted EPA Clean Air Interstate Rules (CAIR) and existing mandates to meet state renewable portfolio standards (RPS). The convergence of these two similar but independent sets of regulations and mandates has utilities in affected states scrambling to develop new strategies to meet both air quality and renewable energy standards simultaneously. The complexity of each set of standards and the difficulty in monitoring results may well lead policy makers toward a national policy addressing not only emissions but renewable energy as well. This article takes a broad look at some of the federal clean air compliance requirements, the nature of state renewable portfolio standards, and some of the investment initiatives planned or underway by electric utilities. The investment in emission controls necessary to meet federal CAIR standards have been estimated by a number of industry observers at more than $50 billion between now and 2020. In addition to those investments in clean air technology required of generators, a recent study by Global Energy Decisions, "Renewable Energy: The Bottom Line", projects that the investment necessary to meet state renewable portfolio standards (RPS) by 2020 will reach $53.4 billion--$17.6 billion alone in those states also affected by the new EPA CAIR rules by 2015. When fully implemented, Global Energy Decisions forecasts both RPS and CAIR will require more than $100 billion in investment by utilities over a 15-year window. At the same time that funds are dedicated to emissions controls, companies are investing heavily in renewable energy. Wind development is at an all time high. These renewable energy project initiatives are driven in part by yet a third element in "green convergence", the federal production tax credit (PTC). This tax credit awards generators 1.8 cents/kWh for electricity generated by qualifying renewable energy sources that is sold to end users or the market. IMPORTANT REGULATORY TERMS Clean Air Interstate Rules (CAIR) Promulgated Adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency in early 2005, these regulations impose limitations on S[O.sub.2] and N[O.sub.x] emissions produced by generators of electric power in 28 eastern states. Production Tax Credit (PTC) This federal initiative, set to expire in December 2005, provides generators with a tax credit of 1.8 cents for each kWh generated by renewable energy sources. The credit was developed to spur the production and sale of electricity generated by wind, solar, geothermal and other qualifying renewable energy projects. Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) Adopted on a state-by-state basis, these standards mandate that distributors of electricity meet a specific percentage of their load with power generated from renewable energy sources. The standards vary considerably in incentives and compliance levels. The PTC is currently set to expire in December of this year and has spurred significant investment in renewable technologies. Wind capacity alone is forecast to more than quadruple during the next five years. In addition, according to Global Energy Decision's NewEntrant project tracking system, there are more than 37 GW of new coal projects planned to be operational before 2010--more than 15 GW are clean burning coal gasification and fluidized bed technologies. Adding to the myriad of complex compliance decisions facing utility executives, the prices for S[O. …


The eastern most State of Arunachal Pradesh is inhabited by as many as 25 major tribes and more that 110 sub tribes each having their own customary institutions of resource management, exchange and distribution guided by its respective customary laws (Duarah,1990). In a communitarian economy like Arunachal Pradesh, all available natural resources are used to manage by the various ethnic groups of the State. However, incursion of macroeconomic factors to the traditional tribal society brought about significant changes in the traditional society in terms of community resources availability, social norms and thoughts, identities of property right institutions, livelihood strategy, etc. The process gradually results in losing the well-defined identities of Common Property Resources [1] as well as the strength of some age-old traditional institution like Kebang of Adi, Nyats of Nyshi, etc. which has led to a situation of class conflicts among the tribes and degradation of environment.


Stable isotope fronts at lithologic contacts are robust manifestations of fluid-rock interaction. The geometry of stable isotope fronts contains information on the transport and exchange processes involved. If, during fluid-rock interaction, stable isotope equilibrium is maintained on a grain scale, front geometries are quantitative and unambiguous documentations of material transport. Deviations from a local equilibrium situation may, however, occur due to kinetically controlled mineral-fluid isotope exchange. If an isotope front is documented only in one isotope system and if only one constituent mineral of a rock is considered as a monitoring phase, the interpretation of its geometry may be ambiguous. It is generally not possible to distinguish between local equilibrium and kinetically controlled isotope exchange from a single-tracer single-monitor front. Both, consideration of more than one monitoring phase and of more than one tracer isotope helps to discern between local equilibrium and kinetic scenarios. If more than one mineral is considered as a monitoring phase, the systematics of the inter-mineral fractionations may provide information on the grain-scale equilibration during fluid-rock interaction. If more than one tracer isotope is analyzed, the relative retardation of fronts from different tracers provides additional information on the degree of equilibration during fluid-rock interaction. We present theoretical considerations regarding the effect of kinetically controlled mineral fluid exchange on the geometry of stable isotope fronts. We also discuss natural examples to illustrate the most easily observed features of stable isotope fronts that allow to constrain the nature of fluid-rock interaction.

This paper was presented at "Fluid/minerals Interactions in the Crust", a symposium in honour of Martine Lagache Paris, October 1999


New forms of digital work have emerged which in theory can be done from anywhere. Does this mean that geography no longer matters to digital work? Not exactly. This chapter draws on our previous empirical research into digital labor to outline how geography still matters, and who it matters for in a world of increasingly digital work. The contemporary geography of digital labor can be used to exploit workers, but we also argue that it opens up distinct possibilities for digital workers to recreate their own worlds of work.


In this paper we offer an introductory exploration of inequality, considering how political economy has analysed economic inequality. Its roots in market processes and in the functional distribution of income are investigated, considering the role of human capital, technological change and globalisation, and the relevance of intergenerational inequalities. We then consider the impact that public policies can have on inequalities through taxation, welfare expenditures, the provision of public services, redistribution and other actions.


Dietary constraints for large herbivores tend to be most strongly linked to quality of the forage available. In highly seasonal environments, such as mountain areas, both plant quality and available biomass may act as constraints. However, studies addressing the nutritional basis of diet selection of wild large herbivores under harsh conditions in sufficiently large spatial and temporal frameworks are scarce. We studied the functional importance of relative variability in plant quality and biomass for diet selection by a migratory population of Alpine red deer (Cervus elaphus) at the landscape scale and across an annual cycle. Botanical diet composition at plant group level did not show a particular 'Alpine pattern' but was similar to known patterns from lowland areas. Sources of variability were season, habitat (either open land or forest) and sex. Red deer foraged selectively in all seasons, and preferences for plant groups were negatively linked to plant abundances. Use and selection of plant groups were associated with high nutritional value (high crude protein and organic matter, low fibre), but partly also with high levels of active tannins. In the cold season, deer made strong nocturnal use of fertilized valley floor meadows offering high-quality grass, but still showed some selection for tannin- and fibre-rich coniferous browse, indicating a need for supplementing grass intake. Altogether, the nutritional value of the diet exceeded that of the forage available in the forested habitat, which was at or below the lower threshold for fulfilling metabolic needs of red deer. High-quality grass on farmed meadows may thus be a critical source of food in mountainous areas during winter.


WTO's Round Table on Tourism Development and the Role of the State. World Tourism Organization, Capitán Haya 42, E-28020 Madrid, Spain. (n.d.). 73p. Contains 10 papers, plus conclusions of the round table, presented at the round table on development and the role of the state at the 10th general assembly of WTO held in September/October 1993 in Bali, Indonesia. Papers include &dquo;Structure, Fields of Competence and Activities of National Tourism Administrations (NTAs)&dquo;; &dquo;The Netherlands: The Example of How the Government Supports a Dynamic Pri-


One hundred and twenty four people were sentenced to death in 2009; the fewest since the United States Supreme Court re-authorized capital punishment in 1976. This is not an aberration. Death sentences have dropped precipitously over the past fifteen years. The distribution of death sentences nationally demonstrates that a fragmented few counties sentence people to death while the vast majority of jurisdictions largely have abandoned capital punishment. There is nothing to suggest that the murders committed in those active death-sentencing counties are more heinous than murders committed in other counties. Nor is there evidence to suggest that the offenders in those counties are more incorrigible than those who commit crimes in other counties. For those interested in driving down the total number of death sentences or finding a practical way to gauge the level of arbitrariness that exists in the administration of a death penalty scheme, however, the clustering of death sentences around an isolated few counties provides the opportunity for targeted doctrinal, litigation and advocacy strategies. This Essay proceeds in three parts. In Part I, I detail the geography of the death penalty. We traditionally gauge death penalty activity at the state level, but the county-level distribution of death sentences and executions between 2004-2009 is more revealing. Just 10% of counties nationally returned even a single death sentence. Even with the busiest death penalty states, the vast majority of counties did not return any death verdicts. The distribution of death sentences reveals a clustering of sentences around a narrow band of counties: roughly 1% of counties in the United States returned death sentences at a rate of one or more sentences per year. Similarly, less than 1% of counties in the country sentenced anyone to death (at any point since 1976) whom their respective state executed between 2004-2009. After exploring the distribution of both death-sentences and executions separately, I consider those (very few) counties that both sentence people to death regularly and are situated in states that regularly perform executions. This part concludes by briefly considering possible explanations for why the top death-sentencing counties are the top death-sentencing counties.Part II addresses the doctrinal, litigation, and advocacy ramifications. The first section discusses the doctrinal implications that result from a focus on county-level death sentencing. The section begins by discussing the Eighth Amendment's command that the death penalty not be imposed arbitrarily. Special attention is paid to the choice between heightened procedural regulation of capital trials (the path chosen by the Court) and outcome-based approaches (the path not taken). The purpose of the procedural regulation approach was the belief that such changes would result in consistently imposed punishment. The skewed geography of the death penalty suggests that it has not. This section next discusses two alternative methods for presenting challenges that seek to limit capital punishment or render its administration more equitable. It begins with the categorical exclusion approach (e.g. death-ineligibility for juveniles) and its limits, and then proposes a data-driven approach to presenting claims of arbitrariness that focus primarily on comparative sentencing within a single county. In the second section, I discuss how litigants (as well as other interested parties) might take advantage of the clustering of death sentences around a narrow band of counties. Poor trial representation - brought on by over-burdened, under-resourced and under-trained defenders - is a hallmark of capital representation. New models of representation - including trial consulting offices and data-driven remedies to what I refer to as the "fire-hose" problem - are demonstrating the ability to drastically reduce new death sentences (even in places like Harris County, Texas). Given limited resources, interested parties might prioritize recreating these models in the counties with the highest absolute number of death sentences rather than focusing limited resources on state-based litigation campaigns.The third section details how the geography of the death penalty might influence abolitionist advocacy strategies. Many of the counties that return the most death sentences are in locations where the state-level government is unlikely to repeal the death penalty. Rather than funneling limited resources to statewide efforts or ignoring these locations altogether, this section explores the benefits of focusing advocacy efforts on county-level actors. County-residents are the ones most affected by the decision to sentence someone to death. In many instances, these are not just moral questions, but also public safety questions that impact how counties spend scarce resources to make their residents safe. Also, local residents are able to wield more influence over local prosecutors or county-level government officials than with state-level officials. This is an especially important consideration where the local population contains a higher percentage of minority group members than in the state population generally. In Part III, I offer concluding thoughts.


Multiyear climate predictions with two initialization strategies are systematically assessed in the EC‒Earth V2.3 climate model. In one ensemble, an estimate of the observed climate state is used to initialize the model. The other uses estimates of observed ocean and sea ice anomalies on top of the model climatology. The ensembles show similar spatial characteristics of drift related to the biases in control simulations. As expected, the drift is less with anomaly initialization. The full field initialization overshoots to a colder state which is related to cold biases in the tropics and North Atlantic, associated with oceanic processes. Despite different amplitude of the drift, both ensembles show similar skill in multiyear global temperature predictions, but regionally differences are found. On multiyear time scales, initialization with observations enhances both deterministic and probabilistic skill scores in the North Atlantic. The probabilistic verification shows skill over the European continent.


OBJECTIVE
To examine incidence patterns of patients diagnosed as having cutaneous appendageal carcinoma (CAC).

DESIGN
Population-based study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute data from 1978 through 2005.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1801 subjects from SEER 16 registries (2001-2005) for incidence analyses, 2228 from SEER 9 registries (1987-2005) for trend analysis, and 1984 subjects (1992-2004) for survival analysis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Incidence rates (IRs) per 1 million person-years according to anatomic site, race, sex, age, and histologic type.

RESULTS
Cutaneous appendageal carcinomas are uncommon (age-adjusted IR, 5.1 per 1 million person-years), with the IR among men statistically significantly higher than women (6.3 vs 4.2, respectively; male to female IR ratio 1.51; P < .001). Hispanic whites (IR, 3.7), blacks (IR, 3.5), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (IR, 2.5) all had significantly lower IRs than non-Hispanic whites (IR, 5.7) (P < .001). Apocrine-eccrine carcinoma overall was the most common category (IR, 2.6), and the IR was highest among non-Hispanic white (IR, 2.8) compared with other ethnic/racial groups (P < .001). Cutaneous appendageal carcinomas IRs rose 100-fold with age, from 0.37 among those aged 20 to 29 years to 37.3 among those 80 years or older. From 1978-1982 to 2002-2005, the CAC IRs increased 150%, from 2.0 to 5.0; the apocrine-eccrine carcinoma and the sebaceous carcinoma IRs rose 170%, from 1.0 to 2.7, and 217%, from 0.6 to 1.9, respectively. Five-year relative survival rates overall were 99% for localized and 43% for distant disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Cutaneous appendageal carcinomas are rare tumors with IRs that vary by sex and racial/ethnic group. Cutaneous appendageal carcinoma IRs are increasing in the United States, especially for sebaceous carcinoma, perhaps related to improved recognition and classification, but factors such as UV exposure and immunosuppression may also play a role.


Background Outcome is important in the validation of psychiatric diagnosis, as most disorders lack clinicopathological correlates. We describe the predictive validity of four definitions of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R, ICD-10, ICD-9 and CATEGO S+), in a representative cohort of patients selected during their first episode of psychosis. Method Each definition of schizophrenia was applied to 99 patients. Their respective ability to predict 13-year outcome (Global Assessment of Functioning scales) was assessed. Results DSM-III-Rand ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia have high predictive validity for long-term outcome, and both provide relatively stable diagnoses. ICD-9 is reasonably good at predicting disability, but not symptoms, and CATEGO S+ showed no predictive validity. Adding six-month duration criteria to ICD-10, ICD-9 and CATEGO S+ improved their predictive validity, and removing the six-month duration criterion from DSM-III-R commensurately reduced predictive validity. Conclusions Modern diagnostic systems (DSM-III-Rand ICD-10) have high predictive validity, and are superior to ICD-9. The six-month duration criterion of DSM-III-R schizophrenia accounts for its predictive validity and stability over 13 years, but restricts its use in first-episode studies. The one-month duration criterion of ICD-10 is less restrictive, without major compromises in predictive validity or stability.


Because dolphins sometimes travel with yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), purse seiners use the dolphins to locate and capture tuna schools. During the process of setting the purse seine nets, dolphins often become entangled and drown before they can be released. Data for the U.S. purse seine fleet in the ETP during 1979-88 show that dolphin mortality rates in sets made during the night are higher than mortality rates in sets made during the day. Even with efforts to reduce nightset mortality rates through the use of high intensity floodlights, night set mortality rates remain higher. The data are also used to simulate a regulation on the fishery aimed at eliminating night sets and show that dolphin mortality rates would decrease.


Title of dissertation: EFFECTS OF SCALE AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY ON HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY IN THE POTOMAC RIVER BASIN Chung Hye Kim Read, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Emeritus Associate Professor, Derek Thompson Department of Geography Scale issues in hydrology arise because different hydrological processes are dominant at different regional scales. Recent hydrological research suggests that the geographic scale (size) of watersheds may influence the behavior of hydraulic geometry exponents (b and f, but not m values) of stream channels. Hence, the working hypothesis of this study is that variations of hydraulic geometry exponents are not random, but that there are systematic changes as a function of geographic scale as well as of water basin and channel physical and environmental characteristics (predictor variables). To support this analysis, 43 subbasins in the Potomac River Basin ranging in size from 0.38 square miles to 1,642 square miles and representing a broad spatial diversity of predictor variables within the watershed were selected for study. Research goals were to attempt, via empirical correlations, to discern relationships between a geographic scale factor and b, f, and m values, to investigate the roles of predictor variables on b, f, and m values, and their statistical significance, and to identify the most influential predictor variables and the complexity of fluvial physical processes via stepwise multi-variable regressions. Statistical evidence was found that there is a relationship between geographic scale and hydraulic geometry exponents. In every selected predictor variable case, investigation of the correlations between b, f, and m with a single selected predictor variable in a scale context resulted in a noticeable improvement over the correlations of the hydraulic exponents with each individual predictor variable alone. The research shows that, under higher discharges, the behavior of b, f, and m mainly result in higher m and f, with a slight increase in cross-sectional area (f with negative b) in a scale context. EFFECTS OF SCALE AND SPATIAL VARIABILITYON HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY IN THE POTOMAC RIVER BASIN


Our data from 351 innovating firms for the years 2001–2012 generally suggest that patentable ideas are strongly linked to the mobility of individual inventors, or that the knowledge flows transmitted are sticky inventor-specific. In other words, the larger the knowledge pool of an inventor entering (leaving) the firm, the more the firm's innovation performance increases (decreases). However, our separate estimations for six different technology classes suggest that this does not apply for all technologies. Our data indicate that the knowledge flows are mobile inventor-specific for chemicals and pharmaceuticals and mechanical engineering such that the mobility of an inventor to a firm increases its innovation performance but the mobility of an inventor from a firm does not affect its innovation performance. We further find that particularly innovation coopetition (i.e., collaboration with a firm's competitors) is an important source of knowledge spillovers. Furthermore, the magnitude of overall localized innovation activity positively relates to the firm's innovation performance providing support for agglomeration externalities.


This research was prompted by the questions 'What is being Chilean?, Who are tile Chileans? Do all those born in the country feel the same about their nationality and about their fellow nationals? A large number of Chileans will describe their country as culturally and ethnically homogenous, probably because they do not include the native peoples in their description; least of all would they acknowledge that mestizo blood runs in their veins. Therefore, my objective has been to deconstruct the myth homogeneity in the Chilean identity. Moreover, this research, which started as an exploration into tile complex terrain of tile Chilean identity, finally turned into a rather painful soul-searching process. It is obvious that having been born in Chile, it was impossible for me not to become involved, not to feel touched more than once, not to feel guilty more than once.
The identities of the indigenous peoples and the descendants of Spanish colonisers have been profoundly transformed during 500 years of social, cultural and political change. Tile rise of the nations states and tile construction of national identities after the wars of Independence were key moments for Latin America, but although no longer tinder colonial rule, the social and cultural differences between 'Indians' and Spaniards continued into the republic, based on the imagined superiority of the Spanish culture, language and religion. Currently Chile, where in recent times - and in the past as well - the military played a crucial role, is in a process of globalisation and reconstruction of the national identity.
The research was framed by the understanding that the imagined community of the nation is formed by 'us' and 'them', and a distinction which does not indicate a binary opposition but a complex articulation which both supports and fractures tile nation. In the imagined community of tile Chilean nation identities are multiple and cultures are multiple too. They are constituted in relation to dimensions such as history, place and culture. Geography, in Chile, is also a defining marker of national identity that does not imply inert geography, but an essential dimension in the cultural and social dynamics of tile nation.
I challenge the view, long sustained by many Chileans that their country is culturally and ethnically homogeneous. In order to achieve this end I explore the 'skeleton in the cupboard' of the Chilean identity, that is to say, their mestizo origin. With that objective in mind, this research was conceived as a contribution to make Chileans come to terms with the fact that they have some amount of 'Indian' blood in their veins. Only when they are able to take that step, will they be able to appreciate and take pride in the ancient cultures they descend from because in that way they will shed light into that dark comer of their identity. National communities are not only in people's heads or in the imagination of a nation of citizens, but are projected and articulated through channels like the media and educational practice; they are also embodied and practised. From the moment that identity is conceived, not as a fixed ethos formed in a remote past, but as a future project, Chileans great challenge now is to define what they want to be. There may be different projects, alternative proposals and different versions of national identity that will lead on to different roads, but they must include a notion of collective identity that is open to alterity, invention and transgression and also a diversity that Chileans have so far refused to accept.


The current study is built upon prior research and is an attempt to explore the roles of affective variables in user technology adoption. Two different affective variables, computer playfulness and perceived enjoyment, were examined and their relationships with each other and with cognitive and behavioral variables were hypothesized. An empirical study using survey method was conducted. Analyses with the PLS technique confirmed most of the hypotheses. Our findings suggest that perceived enjoyment has a significant impact on perceived ease of use, but no direct effect on behavioral intention. Perceived enjoyment mediates the impact of computer playfulness on PEOU, which has not been studied before.


The boundary layer develops along a flat plate with a Reynolds number high enough to sustain turbulence and allow accurate experimental measurements, but low enough to allow a direct numerical simulation. A favourable pressure gradient just downstream of the trip (experiment) or inflow boundary (simulation) helps the turbulence to mature without unduly increasing the Reynolds number. The pressure gradient then reverses, and the β-parameter rises from −0.3 to +2. The wall-pressure distribution and Reynolds number of the simulation are matched to those of the experiment, as are the gross characteristics of the boundary layer at the inflow. This information would be sufficient to calculate the flow by another method. Extensive automation of the experiment allows a large measurement grid with long samples and frequent calibration of the hot wires. The simulation relies on the recent 'fringe method' with its numerical advantages and good inflow quality. After an inflow transient good agreement is observed; the differences, of up to 13%, are discussed. Moderate deviations from the law of the wall are found in the velocity profiles of the simulation. They are fully correlated with the pressure gradient, are in fair quantitative agreement with experimental results of Nagano, Tagawa & Tsuji. and are roughly the opposite of uncorrected mixing-length-model predictions. Large deviations from wall scaling are observed for other quantities, notably for the turbulence dissipation rate. The a1 structure parameter drops mildly in the upper layer with adverse pressure gradient.


The aim of this article is to conduct an exploratory multiple case analysis of local government delivery of Best Value by focusing on Environmental Waste Management Service (EWMS) delivery. EWMS is chosen as a key area of Best Value development and application. The Best Value framework was developed by the UK Government to introduce performance management to local government as part of the 'Modernising Government' agenda. There is a need to critically evaluate Best Value so that local government can determine if this is a suitable and sustainable framework for the management of public services and that it can make a contribution to increased public service effectiveness. The article describes an exploratory multiple case research study and shows that the imposition of Best Value in local government must recognise the complexity and diversity within local government services, rather than adopting an inflexible approach to deployment. There is a need to go beyond generalised performance measures and benchmarks and to attempt to understand the difficulties and complexities of localised conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Pre-flysch (Cambrian-Mississippian) strata of the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma include two main sandstone lithofacies: (1) a craton-derived lithofacies made up largely of mature medium- to coarse-grained quartzose and carbonate detritus and, in some units, sediment eroded from exposed basement rocks and (2) an orogen-derived facies made up mainly of fine-grained quartzose sedimentary and metasedimentary debris and possibly, in lower units, a volcaniclastic component. Paleocurrent and distribution patterns indicate that detritus of facies I in the Benton uplift was derived from north and detritus of facies II throughout the Ouachitas was derived from south and east of the depositional basin. Overall sedimentological results suggest that the Ouachita trough was a relatively narrow, two-sided basin throughout most and probably all of its existence and never formed the southern margin of the North American craton. Regional comparisons suggest that it was one of several basins, including the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen, Reelfoot Rift, Illinois Basin, and Rome trough, that formed as a Cambrian failed rift system 150 to 250 m.y. after initial rifting along the Appalachian margin of the North American craton.


Wolf et al. have identified a new member of the growing Gab family of docking proteins, termed Gab3. Gab3 transcripts are expressed in greater amounts in spleen and thymus than in other organs, which suggested that Gab3 may have an important role in immune cell-specific signaling. Gab3 associated with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) and the 85-kD subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p85), and Gab3 became phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in cells treated with macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). "Pull-down" assays consisting of chimeric proteins comprising glutathione S-transferase (GST) and various SH3 domains indicated that Gab3 could interact with the SH3 domains from Grb2 and from Src, Fyn, Lyn, suggesting that one or more of these protein tyrosine kinases may phosphorylate Gab3. The amount of Gab3 mRNA (but not that of Gab2 mRNA) increased greatly after M-CSF treatment of cells expressing Fms (the receptor for M-CSF). Gab3 may participate in regulating the morphological differentiation of cells into macrophages, as overexpression of Gab3 directed immature cells into the macrophage pathway. I. Wolf, B. J. Jenkins, Y. Liu, M. Seiffert, J. M. Custodio, P. Young, L. R. Rohrschneider, Gab3, a new DOS/Gab family member, facilitates macrophage differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 231-244 (2002). [Abstract] [Full Text]


State-of-the-art learning-based monocular 3D reconstruction methods learn priors over object categories on the training set, and as a result struggle to achieve reasonable generalization to object categories unseen during training. In this paper we study the inductive biases encoded in the model architecture that impact the generalization of learning-based 3D reconstruction methods. We find that 3 inductive biases impact performance: the spatial extent of the encoder, the use of the underlying geometry of the scene to describe point features, and the mechanism to aggregate information from multiple views. Additionally, we propose mechanisms to enforce those inductive biases: a point representation that is aware of camera position, and a variance cost to aggregate information across views. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results on the standard ShapeNet 3D reconstruction benchmark in various settings.


T asks routinely executed by humans involve sequences of actions performed with high dexterity and coordination. Fully specifying these actions such that a robot could replicate the task is often difficult. Furthermore the uncertainties introduced by the use of different tools or changing configurations demand the specification to be generic, while enhancing the important task aspects, i.e. the constraints. Therefore the first challenge of this thesis is inferring these constraints from repeated demonstrations. In addition humans explaining a task to another person rely on the persons ability to apprehend missing or implicit information. Therefore observations contain user-specific cues, alongside knowledge on performing the task. Thus our second challenge is correlating the task constraints with the user behavior for improving the robots performance. We address these challenges using a Programming by Demonstration framework. In the first part of the thesis we describe an approach for decomposing demonstrations into actions and extracting task-space constraints as continuous features that apply throughout each action. The constraints consist of: (1) the reference frame for performing manipulation, (2) the variables of interest relative to this frame, allowing a decomposition in force and position control, and (3) a stiffness gain modulating the contribution of force and position. We then extend this approach to asymmetrical bimanual tasks by extracting features that enable arm coordination: the master–slave role that enables precedence, and the motion–motion or force–motion coordination that facilitates the physical interaction through an object. The set of constraints and the time–independent encodings of each action form a task prototype, used to execute the task. In the second part of the thesis we focus on discovering additional features implicit in the demonstrations with respect to two aspects of the teaching interactions: (1) characterizing the user performance and (2) improving the user behavior. For the first goal we assess the skill of the user and implicitly the quality of the demonstrations by using objective task–specific metrics, related directly to the constraints. We further analyze ways of making the user aware of the robot's state during teaching by providing task–related feedback. The feedback has a direct influence on both the teaching efficiency and the user's perception of the interaction. We evaluated our approaches on robotic experiments that encompass daily activities using two 7 degrees of freedom Kuka LWR robotic arms, and a 53 degrees of freedom iCub humanoid robot.


Over the years, several authors have reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, studies on the risk factors of ADHD symptoms in children with ASD are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the risk factors for the development of ADHD symptoms in children with ASD. The sample consisted of 67 children with ASD who were assessed with Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R), and with a semi-structured detailed interview administered to parents, to collect a series of clinical data such as coexisting somatic and neuropsychiatric problems and familial and pre/peri/postpartum risk factors. We found that 55% of ASD children exceeded the cut-off of CPRS-R Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), total scale. The univariate analyses showed that children's age (P=0.048), motor delay (P=0.039), enuresis (P=0.014), allergies (P<0.01), comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (P=0.026) and intellectual disabilities comorbidities (P=0.034) were associated to the CPRS-R DSM-IV total score. Some familial predictors such as neuropsychiatric family history of intellectual disabilities (P=0.003) and psychosis (P=0.039) were related to the CPRS-R DSM-IV total score. In particular, a model including allergies (P=0.000) and family history of psychosis (P=0.03) explained 25% (corrected R2=0.25) of the variance of the DSM-IV ADHD score. In conclusion, we identified some risk factors associated with the development of ADHD symptoms in ASD children that need to be studied further.


OBJECTIVE
The short-term effects of merger on three areas of hospital operations - scale of activity, personnel/staffing practices, and operating efficiency - is examined.

DATA SOURCES
Secondary data obtained from the AHA Annual Surveys (1980-1990) were applied to analyze 92 hospital mergers over the period 1982-1989.

STUDY DESIGN
The study employed a multiple time-series design involving a six-year longitudinal assessment of change in hospital operating characteristics before and after merger, and a parallel analysis of change in a randomly selected group of nonmerging hospitals.

DATA COLLECTION
Pooled, cross-sectional data files were constructed. Comparisons were evaluated using paired and two-sample t-tests.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
General merger effects occurred primarily in areas related to operating efficiency. Merger resulted in slowing rates of preexisting trends, rather than dramatic improvements in operating practices.

CONCLUSIONS
The short-term impact of merger was generally modest but differed by the conditions under which the merger occurred. Specifically, mergers occurring later in the study period and mergers between similarly sized hospitals displayed greater change in operating characteristics than those occurring earlier in the study period and those between hospitals of dissimilar size. Such differences are attributed respectively to increased competitive pressures after PPS and to greater opportunities for consolidation and efficiencies in mergers involving similarly sized hospitals.


Dihydrofolate Reductases (DHFRs) have been identified in nearly every proteome and are essential for most biosynthetic pathways involving one-carbon transfer reactions due to their recycling of tetrahydrofolate (THF). They catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of dihydrofolate (DHF), producing THF. Inhibition of DHFR ultimately depletes cellular pools of THF; causing a reduced supply of thymine nucleotides for DNA synthesis, resulting in genomic instability and cell death. Therefore, DHFRs remain important drug targets in antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic treatments. Despite exhaustive investigation of E. coli chromosomal DHFR, controversy persists over the dynamics of regulatory loops (the Met20, the βF-βG, and the βG-βH) and the nature of the interaction between methotrexate (MTX), a tight-binding anti-cancer drug, and Asp 27, the only ionizable residue in the active site. Also of importance is the ionization state of Asp 27 in the apoenzyme and other complexes. Hydrogen atoms (H) likely play a critical role in DHFR ligand binding and catalysis, yet are difficult to directly visualize. High resolution X-ray and neutron crystallography have been utilized in this dissertation to provide accurate positions of H within the DHFR active site and to probe dynamics of the enzyme. The ultrahigh resolution X-ray structures of DHFR/MTX (1.0Å; chapter 4), apo DHFR (1.05Å), and DHFR/MTX/NADPH (1.4Å; both chapter 5) have been solved. Novel features were observed in the electron density maps, including the ability to model the Met20 loop in the apoenzyme as closed (reported disordered previously) and alternate side chain conformations in all the structures. The high data-to-parameter ratio of the apoenzyme and the MTX data sets allowed anisotropic B-factor refinement and fullmatrix refinement to calculate carboxylate bond lengths and estimates of their deviations. iv The apoenzyme has highly different bond lengths for its Asp 27 carboxylate, thus, it is neutral at physiological pH. The carboxylate bond lengths of the Asp 27 in both the monomers of the asymmetric unit of the DHFR/MTX crystal are nearly equal, suggesting it is charged at physiological pH. If H is substituted for deuterium (D), neutrons are especially powerful probes due to D's strong positive scattering length. To assign protonation states to the MTX and the Asp 27 by the direct identification of D, a neutron structure has been solved to 2.2Å resolution from nearly 80% complete data collected on a 0.3mm crystal (chapter 4). Prerequisite to the neutron experiment was the growth and D2O-soaking of large-volume crystals (chapter 3). The DHFR/MTX cocrystal possesses the largest primitive unit cell and is the smallest D2O-soaked crystal used successfully in a neutron diffraction experiment. This is the 11 novel protein ever to be solved by neutron crystallography (the 16 total structure). Nearly 2/3 of the amide backbone has undergone H/D exchange, an indicator of protein dynamics. However, monomer B, where the Met20 loop is closed, is ~10% more exchanged than monomer A, where the Met20 loop is partially occluded. Based on results from D occupancy refinement and analysis of the neutron maps, it is concluded that the MTX N1 is protonated when bound to DHFR. Paired with the X-ray data, this is new strong evidence that the Asp 27•MTX interaction is ionic in nature. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio in future neutron experiments, perdeuterated protein has been produced and its D enrichment measured by mass spectrometry. X-ray data (to 1.2Å) has now been collected on a perdeuterated DHFR/MTX cocrystal and it is isomorphous to the native cocrystals (chapter 3).


We consider online variations of the Pandora's box problem (Weitzman 1979), a standard model for understanding issues related to the cost of acquiring information for decision-making. Our problem generalizes both the classic Pandora's box problem and the prophet inequality framework. Boxes are presented online, each with a random value and cost drawn jointly from some known distribution. Pandora chooses online whether to open each box given its cost, and then chooses irrevocably whether to keep the revealed prize or pass on it. We aim for approximation algorithms against adversaries that can choose the largest prize over any opened box, and use optimal offline policies to decide which boxes to open (without knowledge of the value inside)1. We consider variations where Pandora can collect multiple prizes subject to feasibility constraints, such as cardinality, matroid, or knapsack constraints. We also consider variations related to classic multi-armed bandit problems from reinforcement learning. Our results use a reduction-based framework where we separate the issues of the cost of acquiring information from the online decision process of which prizes to keep. Our work shows that in many scenarios, Pandora can achieve a good approximation to the best possible performance.


BACKGROUND
Inhalation of hypertonic saline improves sputum rheology, accelerates mucociliary clearance and improves clinical outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether the timing of hypertonic saline inhalation (in relation to airway clearance techniques or in relation to time of day) has an impact on its clinical efficacy in people with cystic fibrosis.

SEARCH METHODS
We identified relevant randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials from the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and international cystic fibrosis conference proceedings.Date of the last search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: 19 December 2016.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Any trial of hypertonic saline in people with cystic fibrosis where timing of inhalation was the randomised element in the study protocol with either: inhalation up to six hours before airway clearance techniques compared to inhalation during airway clearance techniques compared to inhalation up to six hours after airway clearance techniques; or morning compared to evening inhalation with any definition provided by the author.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors independently assessed the trials identified by the search for potential inclusion in the review.

MAIN RESULTS
The searches identified 97 trial reports which represented 46 studies, of which two studies (providing data on 63 participants) met our inclusion criteria. Both studies used a cross-over design. Both studies had low risk of all types of bias except the participants and the therapists who applied the treatments were not blinded. Intervention periods ranged from one treatment to three treatments in one day. The effects of the various regimens on lung function were non-significant. Satisfaction was rated significantly lower on a 100-mm scale when hypertonic saline was inhaled after the airway clearance techniques: mean differences 20.38 mm (95% confidence interval 12.10 to 28.66) compared to before airway clearance techniques and 14.80 mm (95% confidence interval 5.70 to 23.90) compared to during the techniques. Perceived effectiveness showed similar significant results. Other outcomes were unaffected by the timing regimen used. No trials compared morning versus evening inhalation of hypertonic saline.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
People with cystic fibrosis could be encouraged to inhale hypertonic saline before or during airway clearance techniques to maximise perceived efficacy and satisfaction, even though these timing regimens may not have any better effect on lung function than inhalation after airway clearance techniques. Given the long-term efficacy of hypertonic saline has only been established for twice-daily inhalations, clinicians should advise patients to inhale hypertonic saline twice daily. However, if only one dose per day is tolerated, the time of day at which it is inhaled could be based on convenience or tolerability until evidence comparing these regimens is available.


Reclassiffication risk is a major concern in health insurance where contracts are typically one year in length but health shocks often persist for much longer. While most health systems with private insurers pair short-run contracts with substantial pricing regulations to reduce reclassi_cation risk, long-term contracts with one-sided insurer commitment have significant potential to reduce reclassiffication risk without the negative side effects of price regulation, such as adverse selection. We theoretically characterize optimal long-term insurance contracts with one-sided commitment, extending the literature in directions necessary for studying health insurance markets. We leverage this characterization to provide a simple algorithm for computing optimal contracts from primitives. We estimate key market fundamentals using data on all under-65 privately insured consumers in Utah. We find that dynamic contracts are very effective at reducing reclassification risk for consumers who arrive to the market in good health, but they are ineffective for consumers who come to the market in bad health, demonstrating that there is a role for the government insurance of pre-market health risks. Individuals with steeply rising income profiles find front-loading costly, and thus relatively prefer ACA-type exchanges. Switching costs enhance, while myopia moderately compromises, the performance of dynamic contracts.


We fabricated hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) of p-type poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and n-type fullerene derivative {[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)} materials through a mini-emulsion method. The nanoscale photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the non-annealed and annealed hybrid single NPs with different concentrations of P3HT and PCBM were investigated using a laser confocal microscope (LCM) with high spatial resolution. The luminescence characteristics corresponding to the P3HT and PCBM materials were observed simultaneously in the LCM PL spectra for P3HT/PCBM hybrid NP after the annealing process. We propose that the annealing process for the hybrid NPs assisted the ordering of P3HT main chains and the formation of PCBM domains through the gathering of the molecules, indicating nanoscale phase separation. This was supported by UV-Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy results. Conducting atomic force microscope experiments on an annealed hybrid single NP allowed for the measurement of the characteristic photoresponsive current–voltage curves, and monochromatic photovoltaic characteristics and the avalanche photodiode effect were observed in the low- and high-bias regions, respectively.


All forms of feminist theorizing are normative, in the sense that they help us to question certain meanings and interpretations in IR theory, because many are concerned, says Jane Flax (1987: 62) with "gender relations … how we think or do not think … about them" (or avoid thinking about gender). (Sylvester 2002: 248) Introduction Feminist approaches have always occupied a marginal position within International Relations; this is also the case within feminist ethics and normative theorizing in the discipline. It could be argued, of course, that feminist scholarly activity – driven as it must undeniably be by the goals of bringing to the fore marginalized feminine and feminist perspectives, and of reducing asymmetries in power between men and women – is always, at least implicitly, normative. Indeed, it is often the case that feminists working within IPE or security studies are, implicitly, relying on many of the same, ethical, methodological and epistemological claims that have been explicitly articulated within feminist ethics. Thus, we could say that the opening quotation by Christine Sylvester is both illuminating and confounding. It is illuminating because it clearly reminds us that "the normative" – questions and issues of value, including ethical questions – must be seen as intrinsic to the feminist enterprise more generally. The quotation is also somewhat confounding, however; if all forms of feminist theorizing are normative, what, then, is feminist normative theory?


Today, information systems are threatened not only by the opportunistic exploitation of particular technical weaknesses, but increasingly by targeted attacks that combine multiple vectors to achieve the attacker's objectives. Given the complexities involved, identifying the most appropriate measures to counteract the latter threats is highly challenging. In this paper, we introduce a novel simulation-optimization method that tackles this problem. It combines rich conceptual modeling of security knowledge with discrete event simulation and metaheuristic optimization techniques. By simulating attacks, the method infers possible routes of attack and identifies emergent weaknesses while accounting for adversaries' heterogeneous objectives, capabilities, and available modes of entry. The optimization iteratively adapts the system model by means of a genetic algorithm and optimizes its ability to detect ongoing attacks and prevent their successful execution. We describe a prototypical implementation and illustrate its application by means of scenarios for five types of adversaries.


This publication is one of the seven new articles that have been published in the Teaching Students with Disabilities series. This series provides useful information to ag-ed based instructors about different disabilities and how to teach those students in the unique environments posed by ag-ed, including classroom, laboratory, and non-formal environments. Written by Blake C. Colclasure, Andrew C. Thoron, and Sarah E. LaRose, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2016.
AEC599/WC261: Teaching Students with Disabilities: Intellectual Disabilities (ufl.edu)


London-based investigative arts organisation Siobhan Davies Dance premiere an ambitious new installation comprised of multiple pieces by choreographers, visual artists, scientists and designers. Exploring how the body feels when in the act of doing, the installation includes live performance, film projection and objects that are presented as an ever-changing arrangement. Each of the works draws upon the library and practices of the art historian Aby Warburg, who collected diverse images of gestures from different times and places and positioned them side-by-side to reveal previously-hidden relationships.

Artist Jeremy Millar provides a structure and concept for the work inspired by the practices of the art historian Aby Warburg. Warburg collected diverse images of human gestures and poses from different times and places, positioning them side by side to allow new relationships to emerge, and explore how meanings are constituted by the movement of imagery across time and space. In a similar spirit, material / rearranged / to / be presents a large-scale, modular architecture which is continually arranged and rearranged by the artists, creating new pathways through the installation and drawing visitors into a journey of discovery. The constantly altering juxtapositions mean that few visitors will have the same experience.

The artists and choreographers in material / rearranged / to / be have combined Warburg's ideas on bodily communication with the latest research in neuroscience to investigate how movement is felt, observed, and we reveal and conceal thought in physical behaviour. Works include choreographies on concepts of instability and disorientation, how we archive or remember past movement, along with a taxonomy of imaginary actions. Performers engage directly with the public inviting them to participate in the bodily postures and rhythms associated with argument, or to think about how we feel in relation to the actions of another through everyday activities like shaking hands. A looped video projection that oscillates in the space between live movement and recorded image highlights how our embodied intelligence anticipates future events. A lustrous black, mobile is suspended from the ceiling, its forms derived from Albrecht Durer's Melencolia I (1514), one of the most influential images in Warburg's art historical system.

After the Barbican, the installation will tour to the Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester; Bluecoat, Liverpool; and the Tramway, Glasgow in spring 2017.