The Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) is widely used to simulate scattering of microwaves by snowflakes, by discretising the snowflake into small 'dipoles' which oscillate in response to (a) the incident wave, and (b) scattered waves from all the other dipoles in the particle. It is this coupling between all dipole pairs which makes solving the DDA system computationally expensive, and that cost grows nonlinearly as the number of crystals n within an aggregate is increased. Motivated by this, many studies have ignored the dipole coupling (the Rayleigh–Gans Approximation, RGA). However, use of RGA leads to systematic underestimation of both scattering and absorption, and an inability to predict polarimetric properties. To address this, we present a new approach (the Independent Monomer Approximation, IMA) which solves the DDA system for each crystal 'monomer' separately, then combines them to construct the full solution. By including intra‐monomer coupling, but neglecting inter‐monomer coupling, we save a factor of n in computation time over DDA. Benchmarking IMA against DDA solutions indicates that its accuracy is greatly superior to RGA, and provides ensemble scattering cross‐sections which closely agree with their more expensive DDA counterparts, particularly at size parameters smaller than ∼ 5 . Addition of rime to the aggregates does not significantly degrade the results, despite the increased density. The use of IMA for radar remote sensing is evaluated, and we show that multi‐wavelength and multi‐polarisation parameters are successfully captured to within a few tenths of a dB for aggregates probed with frequencies between 3 and 200 GHz, in contrast to RGA where errors of up to 2.5 dB are observed. Finally, we explore the realism of the IMA solutions in greater detail by analysing internal electric fields, and discuss some broader insights that IMA provides into the physical features of aggregates that are important for microwave scattering.


This thesis considers statistical issues in source localization from the received signal strength (RSS) measurements at sensor locations, under the practical assumption of log-normal shadowing. Distance information of source from sensor locations can be estimated from RSS measurements and many algorithms directly use powers of distances to localize the source, even though distance measurements are not directly available. The first part of the thesis considers the statistical analysis of distance estimation from RSS measurments. We show that the underlying problem is inefficient and there is only one unbiased estimator for this problem and its mean square error (MSE) grows exponentially with noise power. Later, we provide the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator whose bias and MSE are bounded in noise power. The second part of the thesis establishes an isomorphism between estimates of differences between squares of distances and the source location. This is used to completely characterize the class of unbiased estimates of the source location and to show that their MSEs grow exponentially with noise powers. Later, we propose an estimate based on the linear MMSE estimate of distances that has error variance and bias that is bounded in the noise variance.


For a few decades has proposed sustainable developing in different sciences and professions including architecture and urbanization and its origins  is in environmental crises  and also excessive use of fossilized energies in the world. problems such as global warming, increasingly developing of green house gases in atmosphere that its origin  is  in global warming , air and soil  pollution, and so many other factors led to increasing of serious activities against destroying of environment and excessive using of limited fossilized energies  one of the most important factors influencing on making human houses is climatic features, so that, studying of theses factors impact and its reactions on architecture is very essential. and importance of climate and its impact on human life is apparent to every body. the goal is role of climatic factors on designing of buildings to achieve to sustainable developing of case study in Kangavar city, in this area  based on cold and dry climate  in north hemisphere and also in Iran,  attention to buildings designing and form of cold and dry cities that are main consumers of fossilized energies, can be decreased consumption and as a result reducing of pollutions resulting from its consumption. in this article, field and library  study is chosen for studying of topics  and hoped that led to  desirable results in reducing of fossilized energy consumption and as a result, reducing of pollution and global and regional  warming.


Summary Ashgate Publishing Limited, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants GU11 3HR, England ( www.ashgate.com ). 498 p. £ 100.00. ISBN 0-7546-2237-1 (hardback). Being one volume in the series of the International Library of Environmental Economics and Policy (T. Tietenberg and W. Morrison, gen. eds.), this book is a collection of some of the most significant journal essays in forest economics and forest policy. In compiling this volume, Roger Sedjo did a great service to the forest economics profession. This volume includes twenty-five essays originally published between 1849 and 1996 in a dozen journals, and one chapter from the Third Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) which addresses the biological sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. These are organized into four parts: the harvest rotation issue, timber supply, multiple-use and non-timber outputs, and global issues. An introduction essay to this volume, written by the editor, provides an overview of the major issues in forest resource management and discusses some the most important contributions to the forest economics literature. The eleven essays in the first part of the book provide a rather complete coverage of the most important contributions to the literature on optimal rotation age, which is a fundamental issue in forest management and forestry investment. Four of the essays (Faustmann 1849, Ohlin 1921, Bentley and Teeguarden 1965, and Samuelson 1976) address the basic formulation and interpretation of the optimal rotation model. Four essays (Lofgren 1985, Newman, Gilbert and Hyde 1985, Reed 1984, and Brazee and Mendelsohn 1988) extend the basic rotation model to examine the rotation age decision in the presence of deterministic trends and uncertainty in timber yield and price, respectively. Based on the Faustamnn rotation model, Klemperer (1976) and Chang (1982) examine the impacts of taxation on forest value and on the optimal rotation age. Koskela (1989) provides a detailed analysis of the impacts of taxation on timber harvest decisions under price uncertainty. What I feel missing in this part is a comparative statics analysis examining the impacts of changing economic parameters on the optimal rotation age. Part II includes five essays on economic analysis of long-run timber supply. Clawson (1979) reviews the historical development of forest resource and forest utilization in the United States. Vaux (1973) examines the long-run potential supply of timber from forest plantations in California. Berck (1979) investigates the difference in harvesting behavior between private forest owners and public managers. Lyon (1981) and Lyon and Sedjo (1983) examine the optimal exploitation of old-growth natural forests and the transition to steady state. While these essays all focus on the long-run timber supply in the United States, the methods developed and used in these papers could be applied for any other region. The exploitation of old-growth natural forests and the long-term availability of timber have been without doubt two major concerns in the United States. In many parts of the world, however, concerns about timber supply in the short-run have also had great influences on the development of forest policy. It would have been appreciated if a couple of essays addressing the short-run supply of timber had been included. Part III contains three essays dealing with the problem of multiple-use forest management. Gregory (1955) develops an economic framework for multiple-use management based joint production theory. Hartman (1976) examines the multiple-use rotation age decision. Swallow, Parks and Wear (1990) investigate the problem of non-convexities involved in multiple-use rotation age decisions. The merits of these essays lie in that they use rather simple models to demonstrate the importance of incorporating non-timber benefits in forestry decisions and the complexities of the multiple-use problem. In his 1976 essay, Hartman points out that in many situations management practices applied to one stand affect the value of non-timber outputs derived from the adjacent stands; such interdependence needs to be incorporated into multiple-use decision analysis. I certainly would like to find in this volume one or two essays examining the impacts of stand interdependence on the optimal decision. Another important issue in multiple-use management, which is not covered in this volume either, is the valuation of non-market priced outputs and services. Yet I believe that this omission is well motivated, for there are two separate volumes in this series devoted to non-market valuation methods (R. T. Carson, ed. Direct Environmental Valuation Methods , Volumes I and II). The seven essays in Part IV deal with a set of forest economic and policy issues related to global warming and biodiversity conservation. Parks and Hardie (1995) examine the cost-effective subsidies to convert marginal agricultural land to forests for the purpose of carbon sequestration. Hoen and Solberg (1993) analyze the potential and cost-effectiveness of increasing carbon sequestration in existing forests by changing forestry practices. van Kooten, Binkley and Delcourt (1995) examine the effect of carbon taxes and subsidies on the optimal rotation age. The chapter from the Third Assessment Report of IPCC (2001) provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the ecological, environmental, social and economic aspects of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. While forests and forest management could play an important role in mitigating climate change, increasing level of atmospheric dioxide and climate change would inevitably affect the productivity of forest ecosystems, thereby could have significant impacts on future timber growth, harvest and inventory as well as carbon storage in forest ecosystems. Joyce et al. (1995) present a framework for analyzing the potential effects of climate change on the forest sector. The remaining two essays in this part examine the costs and benefits of biodiversity preservation, respectively. Montgomery, Brown and Adams (1994) estimate the marginal cost of preserving the northern spotted owl. Simpson, Sedjo and Reid (1996) examine the expected value of the marginal species as an input to pharmaceuticals. The editor points out in the introduction chapter that there are many other important contributions that are not included in this volume, some of these are mentioned, others not. In addition to the few omissions noted earlier, several important economic and policy issues such as uneven-aged stand management, deforestation, international trade, sustainable forestry, forest recreation, wildlife management and so on are not discussed. Moreover, none of the journal essays published since 1997 is selected. That there are many other important contributions does not mean the essays included in this volume are less important, however. While each forest economist may present a different list of the most important papers, most (if not all) of the essays in this volume would appear on anyone's list. I strongly recommend this book for research scientists and graduate students of forest economics as an essential addition to their reference library.


Spatial mapping or environment mapping is the process of exploring a real world environment and creating its digital representation. To create convincing mixed reality programs, an environment mapping device must be able to detect a user's position and map the user's environment. Currently available commercial spatial mapping devices mostly use infrared camera to obtain a depth map which is effective only for short to medium distances (3-4 meters). This work describes an extension to the existing environment mapping devices and techniques to enable mapping of larger architectural environments using a combination of a camera, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) devices supported by sensor fusion and computer vision techniques. There are three main parts to the proposed system. The first part is data collection and data fusion using embedded hardware, the second part is data processing (segmentation) and the third part is creating a geometry mesh of the environment. The developed system was evaluated against its ability to determine the dimension of the room and of objects within the room. This low cost system can significantly expand the mapping range of the existing mixed reality devices such as Microsoft HoloLens device. Environment Mapping in Larger Spaces


Sub-monolayer control over the growth at silicon–oxide interfaces is a prerequisite for epitaxial integration of complex oxides with the Si platform, enriching it with a variety of functionalities. However, the control over this integration is hindered by the intense reaction of the constituents. The most suitable buffer material for Si passivation is metallic strontium. When it is overgrown with a layer of SrTiO3 (STO) it can serve as a pseudo-substrate for the integration with functional oxides. In our study we determined a mechanism for epitaxial integration of STO with a (1 × 2) + (2 × 1) reconstructed Sr(1/2 ML)/Si(001) surface using all-pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technology. A detailed analysis of the initial deposition parameters was performed, which enabled us to develop a complete protocol for integration, taking into account the peculiarities of the PLD growth, STO critical thickness, and process thermal budget, in order to kinetically trap the reaction between STO and Si and thus to minimize the thickness of the interface layer. The as-prepared oxide layer exhibits STO(001)‖Si(001) out-of-plane and STO[110]‖Si[100] in-plane orientation and together with recent advances in large-scale PLD tools these results represent a new technological solution for the implementation of oxide electronics on demand.


We fabricate and characterize a low-loss silver-based negative-index metamaterial based on the design of a recent theoretical proposal. Comparing the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra with theory reveals good agreement. We retrieve a real part of the refractive index of Re(n)= -2 around 1.5 microm wavelength. The maximum of the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the refractive index is about three at a spectral position where Re(n)= -1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best figure of merit reported for any negative-index photonic metamaterial to date.


Context: Subjective memory complaints, before mild cognitive impairment (MCI), constitute the chief symptoms during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are generally the initial signs for identifying the disease. Objective: The objective was to explore executive functions capacities in differentiating patients with AD from those with MCI as well as from that exempt from any cognitive deficit (CO). This study enabled us to compare the cognitive and specifically executive functioning of three participant groups (AD, MCI and CO) to determine an optimal measure(s) for differential diagnosis. Methods: A total of 116 participants were recruited (32 AD, 40 MCI, and 44 CO). To estimate executive function capacities, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), the Trail Making Test Part A and B (TMT A and B) as well as the Verbal Fluency Tests Alphabetic (VFT-A) and Category (VFT-C) were used. To exclude patients with depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with cut-off score was used. Furthermore, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to make between groups comparison on general cognition. Results: A significant mean score difference was observed between the MCI and CO groups on all executive function measures, except for the VFT-A. In contrast to other groups, the AD group performed significantly worst on all executive function measures. Conclusion: Herein, a significant difference between AD, MCI, and CO groups on executive functioning tasks, where AD group underperformed was reported. This warrants the use of executive functioning assessment as a way to help differential diagnosis.


The nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments have been performed at the High Intensity Gamma Source (HIγS) on 138Ba nuclei using four 60% efficient HPGe detectors. Excitation energies, spin, parities, and decay branching ratios were measured for the low‐energy dipole modes of excitations. Experimental results on the parity measurement below the neutron separation energy shows that all dipole states in this energy region exhibit E1 excitation. These results are consistent with theoretical prediction of the collective isoscalar nature of this low‐energy mode of excitation.


This study aims at evaluating the delivery of Life Skills (LS) at the first cycle of the basic education in Oman. Information was sought relative to teachers' perception of their abilities and confidence in implementing LS activities, the primary factors that affect teachers' initial involvement in LS, benefits of LS activities for children, how LS activities are being implemented, physical resources that teachers need in implementing LS activities, and barriers to the implementation of LS. The population of this study consisted of all teachers teaching at the first cycle of the basic stage of schooling in Oman (N=2396). A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select 315 teachers using the 2010/2011 Ministry of Education (MoE) directory. A questionnaire was adopted and modified to gather the required data. To analyze the data, means and standard deviations as well as frequencies and percentages were computed for responses to each item. The study revealed that teachers at the first cycle of the basic education stage possess several skills related to LS delivery. The results, however, revealed that teachers at the first cycle lack the necessary skills to adopt problem-solving approach in the implementation of LS activities, in addition to their incompetency to integrate information technology in LS related instruction. Several barriers to LS delivery were also identified.


In order to determine an approximate formula giving the weight of a dead load as a function of the volume (V) of the envelope and of the maximum velocity (v), we will take the relative weight of the various parts of the airship (P(sub v), M, V, A, T(sup 34)), adopting a mean value of the coefficients determined. This formula may be adopted both for semi-rigid airships with suspended nacelle and non-rigid envelope, with or without internal suspensions. It may also be adapted to airships with rigid longitudinal beam, with power units on external supports or in nacelles, and with non-rigid envelopes, with or without internal bracing cables.


Objective: To assess the functions of intervertebral discs on the lateral bending of the spine in deformed thorax model, and to improve the reliability of the minimally invasive correction surgery for treating pectus excavatum.
Background: Clinical outcomes demonstrate that improvement of scoliosis after surgery correction does not meet expected results if the influences of intervertebral discs have not been taken into account during pre-surgery numerical simulation of pectus excavatum with scoliosis.
Method: Two thorax models were reconstructed based on the computed tomographic (CT) data, which included the deformed (pectus excavatum with scoliosis) models with and without intervertebral discs. In order to study the effects of these discs on the lateral bending of the spine, a 40 mm correcting displacement was applied on the sagittal plane of the sternum of the deformed thorax models.
Results: The result of the lateral displacement of the spine was smaller in the deformed thorax model with discs (2.1 mm) than without discs (2.7 mm). After correction, the Cobb angle of the deformed thorax with discs was 13°, whereas the Cobb angle was 11° in the model without discs. Actually the clinical correction result was 15°.
Conclusion: Intervertebral discs decrease the lateral bending of the spine in the deformed thorax model. The computed results demonstrate that intervertebral discs play a critical role in the lateral bending of the spine of deformed thorax models. Thus, the influence of intervertebral discs should be considered in numerical model and simulation of minimally invasive correction surgery of pectus excavatum with scoliosis.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of the Dementia Rating Scale with clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment and to compare its psychometric measures with those from Mini Mental State Examination. METHODS: Eighty-six elders from a long-term care institution were invited to participate in a study, and fifty-eight agreed to participate. The global health assessment protocol applied to these elders contained Mini Mental State Examination and Dementia Rating Scale. Clinical diagnose of cognitive impairment was performed by experts using the DSM-IV criteria. Dementia Rating Scale score was correlated to the Mini Mental State Examination. Sensitivity and specificity of the Dementia Rating Scale and the Mini Mental State Examination were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-two (37.9%) elders had cognitive impairment (8.6% presented with mental cognitive impairment and 29.3% dementia). The Mini Mental State Examination and the Dementia Rating Scale classified 31% and 55.2% as presenting with cognitively impaired. Dementia Rating Scale and the Mini Mental State Examination scores presented a strong correlation. Dementia Rating Scale had a higher sensitivity than Mini Mental State Examination (86.4% versus 61.9%). Dementia Rating Scale presented lower diagnostic specificity than Mini Mental State Examination (63.9% versus 86.5%). Considering Dementia Rating Scale and Mini Mental State Examination, the diagnostic agreement between them and the clinical diagnosis was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia Rating Scale showed a high sensitivity to detect cognitive impairment in this population, and it could be a useful tool in these settings.


A large body of work can be found in literature on Design Space Exploration (DSE) methods for distributed embedded system architecting (DESA). However, almost none of these methods is successfully adopted in automotive industry. To clarify the reasons, this paper 1) analyzes the current state of the art (SOTA) on DSE methods for DESA through a systematic literature study, focusing on the assumed architecting process and concerns; 2) investigates the state of practice (SOP) on DESA in the automotive industry through a literature study and interviews with experienced system architects from five different automotive manufacturers; and 3) analyzes the gap between SOTA and SOP, and thereby discusses potential improvements of DSE methods.


Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a key role in the water cycle of high Asia and its downstream regions. The respective influence of the Indian and East Asian summer monsoon on TP precipitation and regional water resources, together with the detection of moisture transport pathways and source regions are the subject of recent research. In this study, we present a 12-year high-resolution climatology of the atmospheric water transport (AWT) over and towards the TP using a new data set, the High Asia Refined analysis (HAR), which better represents the complex topography of the TP and surrounding high mountain ranges than coarse-resolution data sets. We focus on spatiotemporal patterns, vertical distribution and transport through the TP boundaries. The results show that the mid-latitude westerlies have a higher share in summertime AWT over the TP than assumed so far. Water vapour (WV) transport constitutes the main part, whereby transport of water as cloud particles (CP) also plays a role in winter in the Karakoram and western Himalayan regions. High mountain valleys in the Himalayas facilitate AWT from the south, whereas the high mountain regions inhibit AWT to a large extent and limit the influence of the Indian summer monsoon. No transport from the East Asian monsoon to the TP could be detected. Our results show that 36.8 ± 6.3% of the atmospheric moisture needed for precipitation comes from outside the TP, while the remaining 63.2% is provided by local moisture recycling.


Abstract The behavioural evidence of sensorimotor activity during conceptual processing, along with that from neurological research, ignited the debate around the extent to which concept representations are embodied or amodal. Such evidence continues to fuel the debate but it is open to interpretation as being consistent with a variety of the theoretical positions and so it is possible that further, similar evidence may not lead to its resolution. In this paper we propose that independent value accrues from following this line of research through the enhanced understanding of the factors that influence agents' conceptual processing of action and how this interacts with the agent's goals in real environments. This approach is in line with broad principles of embodied cognition and is worthy of pursuit regardless of what the results may (or may not) tell us about conceptual representation.


Indigenous knowledge is local knowledge aggregated by communities over generations, reflecting many years of experimentation and innovation in all aspects of life. Unfortunately, positivist thinking has become the dominant epistemic culture within the academic and professional arenas and leads to the systematic marginalization of alternate ways of knowing, learning, and doing. Educating global-minded social problem-solvers necessitates bringing knowledge and perspectives of indigenous people with different epistemologies and philosophies of life into the classroom. Penn State has produced AcademIK Connections, a series of video clips that provide engaging stories about the importance of indigenous knowledge systems in developing entrepreneurial solutions to address community challenges. The video clips feature stories by individuals that, collectively, represent decades of experience in engaging with indigenous communities. These individuals come from diverse disciplines and scholarly research traditions and are known to consciously and respectfully employ indigenous knowledge in their academic activities. This paper discusses the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge into the classroom and suggests that the video series can help transform the classroom into an engaging and intriguing smorgasbord of philosophies and epistemologies.


ABSTRACT Obesity is considered as a health problem that can promote the risks of getting disease, being not active and death. In some developing countries, many traditional therapies are applied for some diseases, including obesity. Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) has been commonly known as slimming potion. In present, kemuning leaf is used as ingredient of traditional medicine formula, indicated as slimming potion. Former researcher mentioned that 30% ethanol-bemusing extract had been able to reduce trigliserid content in the blood reduce cholesterol content in blood serum of male Wistar furrow white rat (Rattus norvegicus). This research is proposed to examine the effect of water soluble fraction of 50% ethanol-kemuning extract to female Wistar furrow white rat body weight which given high fat diet and to compare the effect with anorextica (mazindol). Tested animal are divided into 6 groups, each group contain 5 rats. Group I as negative control is given 0,5% CMC Na solution. Group II as positive control is given 0,27 mg/kgBody Weight mazindol suspension. Group III is given 50% ethanol-kemuning extract suspension with 475 mg/kg BW dosage. Group IV is given watersoluble fraction suspension of kemuning extract dosage I that is 145 mg/kgBW. Group V is given watersoluble fraction suspension of kemuning extract dosage II that is 295 mg/kgBW. Group VI is given dose III that is 585 mg/kgBW. The suspension is given orally with repeated dosage. Data collected are the increase of body weight, woof consumption and drinking consumption. Body weight and woof consumption increases are analyzed by one-way Anava with 90% significancy level. Research result shows that water soluble fraction of 50% ethanol-kemuning extract with 585 mg/kgBW dosage and positive control (mazindol) are able to obstruct rat body weight increase significancy (p Keys word : Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, obesity, antiobesity


Increased levels of automation together with increased complexity of automation systems brings increased responsibility on the system developers in terms of quality demands from the legal perspectives as well as company reputation. Component based development of software systems provides a viable and cost-effective alternative in this context provided one can address the quality and safety certification demands in an efficient manner. In this paper we present our vision, challenges and a brief outline of various research themes in which our team is engaged currently within two major projects.


This article considers how international criminal courts produce knowledge about women's experiences of large-scale violence. In 2001, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia concluded that the crime of genocide had been committed in Srebrenica in 1995 and that the patriarchal nature of the Bosnian Muslim community was key to the genocide. This paper examines the processes by which the trial and appeal chambers came to know, and author an account of this community as patriarchal. I examine the transcripts of three witnesses who testified about the surviving community of Bosnian Muslim women, tracing how evidence was shaped and reshaped in the courtroom and then in the trial and appeal judgments. I argue here for the importance of exploring the mediating practices and actors that produce legal knowledge, to better understand how complex recognition of gendered harm unfolds, and is sometimes curtailed, through international criminal adjudication.


Major international companies have established themselves in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) market by setting up their regional headquarters in Dubai. These international companies want to be in a growing market in a country where their companies are recognised and affiliated with a positive image. In addition, many companies have moved to the UAE for financial reasons as well. The UAE is an expanding regional market with the potential for future growth. However, there are cultural differences between Australia (and western countries generally) and the UAE (Middle Eastern). It is easy to have genuine and honest misunderstandings and, hence, it is simple to make innocent and sometimes mistakes. What those companies do not realise is that if they do not appropriately train and prepare their expatriates for their overseas assignments the expatriates are more likely to experience difficulties that can have a serious impact on their employees' effectiveness and on the company's activities. This study considers project managers in the UAE, their experiences, their training and their needs and requirements. A survey of 100 Australian project managers based in the UAE was carried out to discover the dimensions of the cultural business environment.. The survey was followed by six case studies of senior management in large companies involved in project management, construction and property in the UAE. The results of these research investigations are summarised in this paper and recommendations on overcoming the deficiencies identified are discussed. Developing cross cultural training programs in line with the recommendations made in this research could lead companies to gaining a greater market share in the UAE and being recognised as an industry leader. Hence, investing in people is more likely to give the greatest return.


This fascinating, 200-page book features the quotes from the best hunting, fishing, and nature writers to ever grace the pages of "Sporting Classics". It's laced with poignant passages from hunting stories by Hemingway, Ruark, Roosevelt, and Rutledge. You'll enjoy hundreds of quotes by the greatest fishing writers, including Izaak Walton, Sigurd Olson, Robert Traver, and Roderick Haig-Brown along with the thoughtful words of renowned conservationists like John Madson, Aldo Leopold, and Henry David Thoreau. The book even includes lines from poems by Rudyard Kipling, Robert Frost, and many other great poets. With fifty black-and-white illustrations by Joseph Byrne, "Passages - The Greatest Quotes from Sporting Literature" is a handsome, timeless collection, one that is sure to please anyone with an interest in the outdoors.


The effect of fibrinolysis inhibition with tranexamic acid on pulmonary microvascular permeability during glass bead embolization was investigated in the isolated lung. Lung lobes from nonheparinized dogs were treated in vivo with the equivalent of 0.6 g/kg 100 microns glass bead emboli alone, emboli after tranexamic acid, tranexamic acid alone, or the bead vehicle alone. After 40-50 min, the lobes were isolated for ex vivo perfusion with heparinized autologous blood. There were no changes in any parameter over the 120-min perfusion period. Blood flow at 120 min was decreased after both emboli alone and emboli with tranexamic acid, reflecting an increase in vascular resistance compared with the Tween or tranexamic acid controls. Furthermore, tranexamic acid increased the ratio of pre- to postcapillary resistance in embolized lobes compared with that after emboli alone or in the Tween or tranexamic acid controls. The isogravimetric capillary pressure and the osmotic reflection coefficient were not significantly decreased by tranexamic acid compared with those after emboli alone; however, it did result in an increase in the capillary filtration coefficient compared with that after emboli alone or in the control groups. We conclude that although fibrinolysis inhibition does not clearly exacerbate the lung injury seen after emboli, the tranexamic acid-induced changes in hemodynamics would tend to accelerate edema formation.


ABSTRACT Background: Treatment options for patients (pts) with EGFR-mut NSCLC who have failed standard chemotherapy and first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited. Treatment with EGFR TKIs influences the release of chemokines leading to increased T cell recruitment, and tumor cell death induced by TKIs leads to increased antigen release and immune priming. Trem is a human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) kappa monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is directed against the CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4). This trial is aimed at elucidating whether or not adding anti-CTLA-4 therapy to existing Gef would complement and enhance its effects. Trial design: This phase I multicenter, single-arm study is designed to evaluate Gef (oral 250mg once-daily) plus Trem (starting dose of 3mg/kg IV every 4 weeks for 6 cycles and beyond every 12 weeks) in pts with EGFR-mut advanced NSCLC who have failed EGFR TKI. A rolling 6-cycle design and a dose limiting toxicity period of 42 days will be implemented. Three escalating doses of Trem are planned (3, 6 and 10mg/kg). Six pts will be enrolled for each dose level (up to 24 evaluable pts will be enrolled). Pts may have received chemotherapy between the EGFR TKI and inclusion in this study but must present a systemic objective progression. To prevent a tumor flare when starting Gef + Trem therapy, pts not previously treated with Gef will receive Gef treatment for 2 weeks before the addition of Trem. Pts with ECOG performance status ≥2, history of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease, untreated brain metastases or requiring systemic steroids are not eligible. The primary objective is to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination and to establish a recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary/exploratory objectives include evaluating response endpoints (overall response rate, progression free survival according to RECIST 1.1), determining immunogenicity and identifying immune biomarkers of this combination (peripheral blood mononuclear cell, sera and sequential tumor biopsies), and describing the pharmacokinetics for each agent in combination. The study is recruiting in 3 sites in France since February 2014. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02040064. Disclosure: D. Planchard: Advisory board with Astra-Zeneca to disclose; F. Barlesi: Consultant or advisory relationship with AstraZeneca to disclose; N. Byrne: Nathalie Byrne is an employee of AstraZeneca and owns stock/stock options in AstraZeneca; Besse: research grants from AstraZeneca; A. Nash: Anthony Nash is an employee of AstraZeneca and owns stock/stock options in AstraZeneca; A. Di Pietro: Alessandra DiPietro is an employee of MedImmune and owns stock/stock options in AstraZeneca; J. Soria: JC Soria have honoraria from AstraZeneca to disclose. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the outstanding quality of the second data release of the Gaia mission and its power for constraining many different aspects of the dynamics of the satellites of the Milky Way. We focus here on determining the proper motions of 75 Galactic globular clusters, nine dwarf spheroidal galaxies, one ultra-faint system, and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Using data extracted from the Gaia archive, we derived the proper motions and parallaxes for these systems, as well as their uncertainties. We demonstrate that the errors, statistical and systematic, are relatively well understood. We integrated the orbits of these objects in three different Galactic potentials, and characterised their properties. We present the derived proper motions, space velocities, and characteristic orbital parameters in various tables to facilitate their use by the astronomical community. Our limited and straightforward analyses have allowed us for example to (i) determine absolute and very precise proper motions for globular clusters; (ii) detect clear rotation signatures in the proper motions of at least five globular clusters; (iii) show that the satellites of the Milky Way are all on high-inclination orbits, but that they do not share a single plane of motion; (iv) derive a lower limit for the mass of the Milky Way of 9.8^{+6.7}_{-2.7} x 10^{11} Msun based on the assumption that the Leo I dwarf spheroidal is bound; (v) derive a rotation curve for the Large Magellanic Cloud based solely on proper motions that is competitive with line-of-sight velocity curves, now using many orders of magnitude more sources; and (vi) unveil the dynamical effect of the bar on the motions of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. All these results highlight the incredible power of the Gaia astrometric mission, and in particular of its second data release.


This paper presents a one-step nonhomogeneous Markov model for describing daily precipitation at a site. Daily transitions between wet and dry states are considered. The one-step, 2x2 transition-probability matrix is presumed to vary smoothly day by day over the year. The daily transition-probability matrices are estimated nonparametrically. A kernel estimator is used to estimate the transition probabilities through a weighted average of transition counts over a symmetric time interval centered at the day of interest. The precipitation amounts on each wet day are simulated from the kernel probability density estimated from all wet days that fall within a time interval centered on the calendar day of interest over all the years of available historical observations. The model is completely data-driven. An application to data from Utah is presented. Wet- and dry-spell attributes [specifically the historical and simulated probability-mass functions (PMFs) of wet- and dry-spell length] appear to be reproduced in our Monte Carlo simulations. Precipitation amount statistics are also well reproduced.


David Greig's The Events (2013) stages the aftermath of a traumatic event; a cleric tries to come to terms with the massacre of her multicultural choir. The play uses two actors (one playing the cleric, and the other playing all the other main roles, including that of the killer). The cast, however, also includes a choir, drawn from the town where the show is being performed: the choir sings, and takes on small speaking roles (reading their lines from the script). They also serve as an audience for the action, occupying tiered seating at the back of the stage. The choir serves as a powerful reminder of what Laura Cull, in Theatres of Immanence: Deleuze and the Ethics of Performance (2012) identifies as Deleuzian immanence: a performance which stages "the participation, multiplication and extension of the human body – understood as that which is produced by relations of force and encounters with the affects of other bodies" (10). In this article, I argue that the strong affect generated by the play in performance stems mainly from the positioning of the choir, the performers and the audience as, simultaneously, participants and witnesses to trauma; and from the immanent relation of actors, choir and audience within the structure of the performance event.


In less than three decades, the Internet was transformed from a research network available to the academic community into an international communication infrastructure. Despite its tremendous success, there is a growing consensus in the research community that the Internet has architectural limitations that need to be addressed in a effort to design a "future Internet". Among the main technical limitations are the lack of mobility support, and the lack of security and trust. The Internet, and particularly TCP/IP, identifies endpoints using a location/routing identifier, the IP address. Coupling the endpoint identifier to the location identifier hinders mobility and poorly identifies the actual endpoint. On the other hand, the lack of security has been attributed to limitations in both the network and the endpoint. Authentication for example is one of the main concerns in the architecture and is hard to implement partly due to lack of identity support.
The general problem that this dissertation is concerned with is that of designing a future Internet. Towards this end, we focus on two specific sub-problems. The first problem is the lack of a framework for thinking about architectures and their design implications. It was obvious after surveying the literature that the majority of the architectural work remains idiosyncratic and descriptions of network architectures are mostly idiomatic. This has led to the overloading of architectural terms, and to the emergence of a large body of network architecture proposals with no clear understanding of their cross similarities, compatibility points, their unique properties, and architectural performance and soundness. On the other hand, the second problem concerns the limitations of traditional naming and discovery schemes in terms of service differentiation and economic incentives. One of the recurring themes in the community is the need to separate an entity's identifier from its locator to enhance mobility and security. Separation of identifier and locator is a widely accepted design principle for a future Internet. Separation however requires a process to translate from the identifier to the locator when discovering a network path to some identified entity. We refer to this process as identifier-based discovery, or simply discovery, and we recognize two limitations that are inherent in the design of traditional discovery schemes. The first limitation is the homogeneity of the service where all entities are assumed to have the same discovery performance requirements. The second limitation is the inherent incentive mismatch as it relates to sharing the cost of discovery. This dissertation addresses both subproblems, the architectural framework as well as the naming and discovery limitations.


The converged media environment has prompted journalism educators to question whether they should increase the use of digital media technology in the classroom and teach across multiple platforms. Newsroom surveys, however, reveal that Australian and US news employers are emphasising traditional journalism skills. This paper examines whether journalism schools are producing graduates with skills sets that media organisations may not consider highly critical to a cadetship. Research was undertaken to examine graduate skills deemed most important by West Australian news employers. The findings echo US employers in their preference for traditional journalism skills, such as good writing, spelling, grammar and punctuation, general knowledge and understanding of ethics. Digital skills remain the poor cousin. But they also want graduates who embody the journalistic 'ideal': curious, hard-working, driven news hounds, a passion for writing and reporting.


The long-term character of climate change and the high costs of adaptation measures, in combination with their uncertain effects, turn climate adaptation governance into a torturous process. We systematically review the literature on climate adaptation governance to analyze the scholarly understanding of these complexities. Building on governance literature about long-term and complex policy problems, we develop a conceptual matrix based on the dimensions knowledge and power to systematically study the peer-reviewed literature on climate adaptation governance. We find that about a quarter of the reviewed journal articles do not address the knowledge or power dimension of the governance of climate change adaptation, about half of the articles discuss either the knowledge or the power dimension, and another quarter discuss both knowledge and power. The articles that do address both knowledge and power (1) conceptualize the governance of climate adaptation mainly as a complex system of regulatory frameworks and technical knowledge, (2) assume that regulatory systems can be easily adapted to new knowledge, (3) pay little attention to fluid or unorganized forms of power, e.g., negotiation, and knowledge, e.g., learning, and (4) largely neglect the interplay between the two. We argue that more research on this interplay is needed, and we discuss how puzzling and powering are a promising pair of concepts to study this.


Introduction: Present study aims to investigate possible effect of garlic extract on the activities of purine metabolizing enzymes, namely ADA, 5'Nucleoditase and Xanthine Oxidase in cancerous and noncancerous gastric tissue.
Methods: The study involved 14 cancerous and non-cancerous human gastric tissues, removed by surgical operations. The ADA, 5' Nucleoditase, and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) activities were measured in all the tissues treated and not treated with the garlic extract.
Results: The enzyme activities were found to be significantly lower in benign and malign human gastric tissues treated with the garlic extract as compared with those of non-treated tissues.
Conclusion: Lowered purine-metabolizing enzyme activities observed in the garlic extract-treated gastric tissues suggested that garlic might have anti-carcinogenic and cancer-preventive effects on gastric tissue.


We report on the quantitative experimental illustration of elementary optomechanics within the classical regime. All measurements are performed in a commercial dilution refrigerator on a mesoscopic drumhead aluminium resonator strongly coupled to a microwave cavity, using only strict single-tone schemes. Sideband asymmetry is reported using in-cavity microwave pumping, along with noise squashing and back-action effects. Results presented in this paper are analysed within the simple classical electric circuit theory, emphasizing the analogous nature of classical features with respect to their usual quantum description. The agreement with theory is obtained with no fitting parameters. Besides, based on those results a simple method is proposed for the accurate measurement of the ratio between microwave internal losses and external coupling.


The astonishing new discovery that could change everything ...Lying inside a high-security vault, deep within the heart of one of the world's leading natural history museums, is the scientific find of a lifetime - a perfectly fossilized early primate, older than the previously most famous primate fossil, Lucy, by an astonishing forty-four million years. A secret until now, the fossil - 'Ida'- is the most complete early primate fossil ever found. Forty-seven million years old, Ida rewrites what we've assumed about the earliest primate origins. Her completeness is unparalleled. With exclusive access to the first scientists to study her, the award-winning science writer Colin Tudge tells the history of Ida and her place in the world. The Link offers a wide-ranging investigation into Ida and our earliest origins - and the magnificent, cutting-edge scientific detective story that followed her discovery. At the same time it opens a stunningly evocative window into our past and changes what we know about primate evolution and, ultimately, our own.


Purpose

Most studies pertaining to social tagging focus on one platform or platform type, thus limiting the scope of their findings. The purpose of this paper is to explore social tagging practices across four platforms in relation to cultural products associated with the book Casino Royale, by Ian Fleming.

Design/methodology/approach

A layered and nested case study approach was used to analyse data from four online platforms: Goodreads, Last.fm, WordPress, and public library social discovery platforms. The top-level case study focuses on the book Casino Royale, by Ian Fleming and its derivative products. The analysis of tagging practices in each of the four online platforms is nested within the top-level case study. Casino Royale was conceptualized as a cultural product (the book), its derived products (e.g. movies, theme songs), as well as a keyword in blogs. A qualitative, inductive, and context-specific approach was chosen to identify commonalities in tagging practices across platforms whilst taking into account the uniqueness of each platform.

Findings

The four platforms comprise different communities of users, each platform with its own cultural norms and tagging practices. Traditional access points in the library catalogues focused on the subject, location, and fictitious characters of the book. User-generated content across the four platforms emphasized historical events and periods related to the book, and highlighted more subjective access points, such as recommendations, tone, mood, reaction, and reading experience. Revealing shifts occur in the tags between the original book and its cultural derivatives: Goodreads and library catalogues focus almost exclusively on the book, while Last.fm and WordPress make in addition cross-references to a wider range of different cultural products, including books, movies, and music. The analyses also yield apparent similarities in certain platforms, such as recurring terms, phrasing and composite or multifaceted tags, as well as a strong presence of genre-related terms for the book and music.

Originality/value

The layered and nested case study approach presents a more comprehensive theoretical viewpoint and methodological framework by which to explore the study of user-generated metadata pertaining to a range of related cultural products across a variety of online platforms.


The fact that there is no homogenous understanding of ethics or morality among human players in the world arena accounts for the lack of uniform understanding of research ethics and knowledge risks attendant on pursuit and attainment of knowledge. The lack provides a leverage for challenging the dis-configured global system (sanctified by the WTO, UN and other international multilateral organizations) of the pursuit of knowledge, ownership of knowledge, dissemination of knowledge and utilization of knowledge. In this article, I explore the question of risk in research under the following section headings: first, I indicate my misgiving with the structure of international mapping of intellectual property rights, its organization and its application in a global world market. This is followed by the sections on Knowledge, Research, Ethics and Risk. The conclusion suggests how the various research and knowledge pursuance and accumulation risks identified can be mitigated. Research requires deliberate effort and support in order to ensure that the potential for knowledge and use of knowledge in the South is not compromised at the expense of the collective survival of peoples of these Southern societies.


Citizen science projects are successful at gathering rich datasets for various applications. However, the data collected by citizen scientists are often biased — in particular, aligned more with the citizens' preferences than with scientific objectives. We propose the Shift Compensation Network (SCN), an end-to-end learning scheme which learns the shift from the scientific objectives to the biased data while compensating for the shift by re-weighting the training data. Applied to bird observational data from the citizen science project eBird, we demonstrate how SCN quantifies the data distribution shift and outperforms supervised learning models that do not address the data bias. Compared with competing models in the context of covariate shift, we further demonstrate the advantage of SCN in both its effectiveness and its capability of handling massive high-dimensional data.


The behaviour of the photoluminescence spectra of a single quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity is modeled numerically in the presence of an external and constant magnetic field. The dynamics of the density operator is calculated using the master equation in the Lindblad form for decoherence processes: spontaneous emission, losses through cavity mirrors, and dephasing. An incoherent pumping of excitons is used to feed the system. It is found in the photoluminescence spectra that for magnetic fields lower than 2 T the system is in the strong coupling regime and for magnetic fields greater than 2 T the system emits light like three independent systems. The line that uncouples faster is the σ line.


A method for the identification of key volatile organic compound (VOC) markers associated with infection by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was developed. Headspace samples of bacterial VOCs were trapped on triple-sorbent bed tubes and then thermally desorbed into a laboratory GC‐MS system for separation. Identification was carried out by comparison of GC retention time and electron ionization mass spectra to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. Further confirmation was obtained by GC‐MS of known standard chemicals. A total of 75 VOCs were detected, five of which can be considered key VOC markers for Neisseria meningitidis. These peaks were identified as 1,2-dimethylcyclopropane, 2-methylpropanal, methacrolein, N-2-dimethyl-1-propanamine, and 3-methylbutanal by the NIST database.


Different methods have been developed for measuring carbon stocks and fluxes in the northern high latitudes, ranging from intensively measured small plots to space-based methods that use reflectance data to drive production efficiency models. The field of dendroecology has used samples of tree growth from radial increments to quantify long-term variability in ecosystem productivity, but these have very limited spatial domains. Since the cambium material in tree cores is itself a product of photosynthesis in the canopy, it would be ideal to link these two approaches. We examine the associations between the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and tree growth using 19 pairs of tree-ring widths (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) across much of Siberia. We find consistent correlations between NDVI and both measures of tree growth and no systematic difference between MXD and TRW. At the regional level we note strong correspondence between the first principal component of tree growth and NDVI for MXD and TRW in a temperature-limited bioregion, indicating that canopy reflectance and cambial production are broadly linked. Using a network of 21 TRW chronologies from south of Lake Baikal, we find a similarly strong regional correspondence with NDVI in a markedly drier region. We show that tree growth is dominated by variation at decadal and multidecadal time periods, which the satellite record is incapable of recording given its relatively short record.


Benjamin Franklin's invention of the lightning rod is the founding fable of American science, but Franklin was only one of many early Americans fascinated by electricity. As a dramatically new physical experience, electricity amazed those who dared to tame the lightning and set it coursing through their own bodies. Thanks to its technological and medical utility, but also its surprising ability to defy rational experimental mastery, electricity was a powerful experience of enlightenment, at once social, intellectual, and spiritual. In this compelling book, James Delbourgo moves beyond Franklin to trace the path of electricity through early American culture, exploring how the relationship between human, natural, and divine powers was understood in the 18th Century. By examining the lives and visions of natural philosophers, spectacular showmen, religious preachers and medical therapists, he shows how electrical experiences of wonder, terror, and awe were connected to a broad array of cultural concerns that defined the American Enlightenment. The history of lightning rods, electrical demonstrations, electric eels, and medical electricity reveals how early American science, medicine, and technology were shaped by a culture of commercial performance, evangelical religion, and republican politics from mid-century to the early republic. The first book to situate early American experimental science in the context of a transatlantic public sphere, "A Most Amazing Scene of Wonders" offers a captivating view of the origins of American science and the cultural meaning of the American Enlightenment. In a story of shocks and sparks from New England to the Caribbean, Delbourgo brilliantly illuminates a revolutionary New World of wonder.


Objectives
Recently, several distinct diet indices have been developed to characterize adherence to plant-based diets. We deconstructed and compared 6 plant-based diet indices (PDI) in a community-based cohort with respect to their scoring and their associations with incident hypertension.

Methods
Using food frequency questionnaire data from middle-aged adults (n = 8041) without hypertension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, we constructed overallPDI, healthyPDI, unhealthyPDI, provegetarian diet index, PDI from Rotterdam Study (PDI-Rotterdam), and comprehensive diet quality index (cDQI). For the overallPDI, provegetarian diet index, and PDI-Rotterdam, higher intakes of all or selected plant foods received higher scores. For the healthyPDI, higher intakes of plant foods identified as healthful received higher scores. For the unhealthyPDI, higher intakes of plant foods identified as unhealthful received higher scores. For the cDQI, higher intakes of healthful plant foods, dairy, and seafood received higher scores, but all other indices scored higher intakes of animal foods uniformly lower. We examined the magnitude of correlations and agreement between all pairs of indices, and assessed whether higher scores on these indices were associated with hypertension using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, other dietary factors, and health behaviors.

Results
All indices had moderate to strong correlations (r > 0.4) and largely consistent rankings of subjects except for the PDI-Rotterdam and unhealthyPDI. Differences existed in how alcohol, potatoes, poultry, eggs, and dairy were scored. Greater adherence to overallPDI, healthyPDI, provegetarian diet, and cDQI was associated with a 9-26% lower risk of hypertension compared to lesser adherence (all P-trend < 0.05, Table). Greater adherence to the unhealthyPDI was associated with a 12% higher risk (P-trend = 0.03) when clinical factors were additionally adjusted; no association was observed with the PDI-Rotterdam.

Conclusions
Analyses revealed moderate agreement in ranking across subjects, suggesting that they are capturing similar dietary patterns. However, the way in which plant-based diets are operationalized can affect the ability to detect diet-disease associations.

Funding Sources
IH Departmental Scholarship, NIDDK and NHLBI.

Supporting Tables Images and/or Graphs


The effect of mood on the encoding and recall of memories is crucial to create more affective classroom environments conducive to retention of academic content. The current study hypothesized that emotionally disturbed (ED) students encode less academic content then their peers due to their pervasive negative mood. In three separate conditions, 73 participants were shown a 5 min video clip to either induce a positive or negative mood or to neutralize mood. Subjects were asked to rate their mood before and after the film clip. Finally, participants were instructed to recall as many words as they could from a presented word list containing emotionally positive, negative and neutral words. A paired samples t-test demonstrated statistically significant results for mood-induction in a positive, negative, and neutral condition (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.003, respectively), which did concur with the hypothesis. However, no statistical significance demonstrated correlation between mood and memory. Mood Effect on Academic Content Retention 7 Chapter


The observed seismic anisotropy of the southern African mantle from both shear-wave splitting and surface wave observations provides important constraints on modes of mantle deformation beneath this ancient continent. We find that the mantle anisotropy beneath southern Africa is dominated by deformational events in Archean times occurring within the lithosphere, rather than present-day processes in the sublithospheric mantle. Consequently, the distribution and magnitude of anisotropy provide valuable data to constrain the mantle's role in the tectonic evolution of this region.

The pattern of mantle anisotropy reveals several noteworthy characteristics. First, mantle anisotropy is closely associated with the Great Dyke of the Zimbabwe Craton, with values of the splitting fast polarization direction, ϕ, parallel to the Dyke. This correspondence with the Great Dyke is likely not due to the present-day Dyke structure but instead is most probably due to the emplacement of the Dyke parallel to pre-existing mantle fabric within the Zimbabwe craton. This deformation thus predates dike emplacement and is no younger than Neo-Archean in age. Second, there is a spatially continuous arc of mantle anisotropy extending from the western Kaapvaal Craton to the northeastern Kaapvaal and Limpopo Belt. All along the arc, ϕ is subparallel to the trend of the arc. Given the crust/mantle chronology associated with these regions, the anisotropy likely represents deformation that occurred at ~2.9 to ~2.6 Ga during collisional accretion of both the western Kimberley and northern Pietersburg blocks onto the seismically isotropic eastern shield of the Kaapvaal, with accretion on the northern ramparts of the Kaapvaal ultimately culminating in the Neo-Archean Limpopo orogen. The anisotropy-inferred arc of deformation reveals diverse zones of both strong and weak coupling between the crust and mantle, as measured by the coherence between mantle deformation and geologically-inferred surface deformation. In particular, there is high coherence between surface and mantle deformation at the southwestern and northeastern ends of the arc, which implies strong crust-mantle coupling in these regions. Conversely, apparent decoupling exists in the northwestern portion of the arc, where northeast to southwest trending anisotropy cuts across north to south trending structures, such as the surface outcrop and aeromagnetic expressions of the Kraaipan Greenstone Belts. Independent seismic evidence from seismic reflection profiling supports the conclusions that these north-south-trending crustal features are superficial and confined to the upper crust.

We present evidence that the mantle fabric producing seismic anisotropy constitutes fossil structure in the mantle that is subsequently reactivated, much like the more commonly acknowledged reactivation of crustal structures. In particular, we argue that Neo-Archean collisional orogenesis imparted a mechanical anisotropy to the mantle that controlled the subsequent magmatic history of cratonic southern Africa. We furthermore suggest that four major Precambrian magmatic events: the Great Dyke, the Ventersdorp, Bushveld, and the Soutpansberg, all represent extensional failure along planes oriented parallel to the local splitting fast polarization direction. Each of these events is interpreted to be a collisional rift, similar to the Baikal rift of northern Eurasia, where the stress field associated with collision produces extension and rifting for orientations at a small angle to the direction of the collision. Precise crustal geochronology associates both Ventersdorp and Great Dyke magmatism with the earliest and latest phases of the Limpopo collision, respectively. Similarly, the Bushveld magmatic event is temporally linked to the ~ 2.0 Ga reactivation of Neo-Archean structures in the Limpopo and surrounding areas by the Magondi Orogen, and the Soutpansberg is related to the ~1.9 Ga Kheis Orogen. Since the timing of these basaltic intrusions is controlled by temporal variations in lithospheric stress associated with orogenesis, it implies either that the melting process is genetically related to the evolution of the far-field collision, or that there was a semi-permanent reservoir of basaltic magma residing in the sublithospheric mantle during the ~1 billion-year time period spanned by these magmatic events. The existence of an extensive magma reservoir would argue for elevated temperatures just beneath the lithosphere during this time.

Splitting delay times, δ t , a measure of the magnitude of anisotropy, reveal geologically controlled variations in the strength of anisotropy. In particular, the Meso-Archean Kaapvaal shield, the area that was not exposed to ~2.9 Ga and later deformational events, is effectively isotropic. We observe two areas where the anisotropic/isotropic transition is relatively sharp. The north-south boundary appears to coincide with the east-west trending Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament. In the west, the boundary has been observed in the vicinity of Kimberley, South Africa, near the Colesberg Magnetic Lineament. The Eastern Shield has been relatively devoid of the kind of rifting and magmatic events seen elsewhere in cratonic southern Africa since the Meso-Archean, suggesting that the Eastern Shield lithosphere is mechanically stronger than surrounding areas. This relative strength difference may in part be due to the absence of the mechanical anisotropy inferred for the surrounding areas.


Ensembles of deep neural networks are known to achieve state-of-the-art performance in uncertainty estimation and lead to accuracy improvement. In this work, we focus on a classification problem and investigate the behavior of both non-calibrated and calibrated negative log-likelihood (CNLL) of a deep ensemble as a function of the ensemble size and the member network size. We indicate the conditions under which CNLL follows a power law w.r.t. ensemble size or member network size, and analyze the dynamics of the parameters of the discovered power laws. Our important practical finding is that one large network may perform worse than an ensemble of several medium-size networks with the same total number of parameters (we call this ensemble a memory split). Using the detected power law-like dependencies, we can predict (1) the possible gain from the ensembling of networks with given structure, (2) the optimal memory split given a memory budget, based on a relatively small number of trained networks.
We describe the memory split advantage effect in more details in arXiv:2005.07292


In a reply to a previous article published in Byzantion Nea Hellas, the Greek historian Andreas Gkoutzioukostas has claimed that in a passage in Book VIII of Theophylact Simocatta's History, the word Sklavinia was used as an adjective, not as a noun, and that the Byzantine historian frequently used adjectives derived from ethnic names. This article is a demonstration that both claims are in fact wrong, as Theophylact had very precise reasons for avoiding adjectives derived from ethnic names. Such reasons have much more to do with the narrative strategies that he employed than with the norms of the Greek language. His usage of Sklavinia is also mirrored by Hugeburc of Heidenheim's transcription of St. Willbald's account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land.


The project of all philosophy may be to gain reconciliation with time, even if not every philosopher has dealt with time expressly. A confrontation with the passing of time and with human finitude runs through the history of philosophy as an ultimate concern. In this genealogy of the concept of temporality, David Hoy examines the emergence in a post-Kantian continental philosophy of a focus on the lived experience of the "time of our lives" rather than on the time of the universe. The purpose is to see how phenomenological and poststructuralist philosophers have tried to locate the source of temporality, how they have analyzed time's passing, and how they have depicted our relation to time once it has been -- in a Proustian sense -- regained. Hoy engages with competing theoretical tactics for reconciling us to our fleeting temporality, drawing on work by Kant, Heidegger, Hegel, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Nietzsche, Gadamer, Sartre, Bourdieu, Foucault, Bergson, Deleuze, Zizek, and Derrida. Hoy considers four existential strategies for coping with the apparent flow of temporality, including Proust's passive and Walter Benjamin's active reconciliation through memory, Zizek's critique of poststructuralist politics, Foucault's confrontation with the temporality of power, and Deleuze's account of Aion and Chronos. He concludes by exploring whether a dual temporalization could be what constitutes the singular "time of our lives."


Educational digital libraries employ resource discovery systems that are aimed at providing educators and learners with curriculum materials to support learning in both formal and informal settings. The article describes a "hybrid" educational resource discovery system, which combines metadata and content-based retrieval methods. This hybrid system was implemented and evaluated in the context of the Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE). A pilot study was conducted to compare this hybrid system with an existing metadata-based system, with the aim of finding out if the hybrid system helps educators locate relevant resources with less effort. The results of the study suggest that the hybrid system decreased the variability in the number of user actions required to locate learning resources. The hybrid system interface featured embedded links, pointing to inner pages within a larger compound learning resource; study participants made use of these embedded links to locate individual learning objects.


Funeral program for Loraine Sprott Whittier, born September 7, 1913 and died January 30, 2007. The funeral was held February 10, 2007 at St. Paul United Methodist Church. Funeral arrangements were made through Calvary Hill Funeral Home, and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas.


Microarray classification poses many challenges for data analysis, given that a gene expression data set may consist of dozens of observations with thousands or even tens of thousands of genes. In this context, feature subset selection techniques can be very useful to reduce the representation space to one that is manageable by classification techniques. In this work we use the discretized multivariate joint entropy as the basis for a fast evaluation of gene relevance in a Microarray Gene Expression context. The proposed algorithm combines a simulated annealing schedule specially designed for feature subset selection with the incrementally computed joint entropy, reusing previous values to compute current feature subset relevance. This combination turns out to be a powerful tool when applied to the maximization of gene subset relevance. Our method delivers highly interpretable solutions that are more accurate than competing methods. The algorithm is fast, effective and has no critical parameters. The experimental results in several public-domain microarray data sets show a notoriously high classification performance and low size subsets, formed mostly by biologically meaningful genes. The technique is general and could be used in other similar scenarios.


All seismic data, whether 2D, 3D, post-stack or pre-stack, contains noise. Typically, this noise is comprised of both coherent and random components. Coherent noise presents itself as regular patterns in the seismic data. It may appear to be random or coherent depending on the orientation of the slice on which it is being observed. For example, coherent noise associated with acquisition may appear random on vertical slices through the volume, with its coherent nature becoming apparent on horizontal slices through the volume.
When seismic data is processed, an effort is made to reduce the coherent noise in the seismic data by applying a variety of signal processing techniques. However, when the seismic volume is delivered to the client, it often includes remnant noise that processing was unable to remove without having a deleterious effect on the amplitudes and bandwidth of the seismic data.
Since the processed seismic volume typically contains coherent noise, managing that noise within an interpretation system is
critical, as it has a significant negative impact on semi-automatic and automatic interpretation workflows and techniques including autotracking of horizons, imaging of faults and fractures, automatic extraction of faults, and interpretation of stratigraphy and geomorphology. An obvious example is the effect of noise on edge attributes (i.e., 'coherence' class attributes). Any noise in the seismic data, whether random or coherent, will appear as edges in the seismic attribute volume and may obscure the geologic features of interest in the edge attribute volume (faults, fractures, stratigraphy, and geomorphology).
Finally, many interpreters today must use older 3D seismic volumes, merged seismic volumes of a variety of acquisition designs and processing workflows. Even if the pre-stack data is still available, their company may not be in a position to spend the money required to re-process the data. Yet they still need and expect to be able to use modern advanced interpretation technology on the data.
In response to this need a post-stack structurally oriented coherent noise filtering process has been developed and is described, with an application to 3D seismic surveys from the North Sea. The results are evaluated by comparing seismic volumes, edge attribute volumes, and amplitude and phase spectra pre- and post-filtering.


INTRODUCTION Mexico is among the most developed of all the Latin American nations. With a total population of 95.9 million by mid-1998 [1] and GNP per capita of $3,970 USD, it belongs to the upper-middle income range of Latin American countries. Mexico has re-structured its economy largely through trade liberalisation and reform, strong industrialisation, prudent fiscal and monetary policies and deregulation (Ros et al. 1996). Ever since the late 1940s and until the crisis of 1994, Mexico's growth performance was considered bold and impressive. Economic growth rates of close to 7% per year and increases in per-capita income of 3% during this period (Ros et al. 1996) led many to believe this growth would be sustainable. However, by 1982, Mexico was immersed in an economic crisis whose effects were felt strongly in several areas including the environment, the economy, and social welfare. These effects were very negative and contrasted sharply with the world-wide launch of the sustainable development movement (1987). Mexico had to deal, therefore, with two interrelated challenges to sustainable development: economic recovery and environmental degradation. In this chapter, we address the challenges to sustainable development (SD) faced by Mexico. We begin by briefly outlining the history of SD, both world-wide and in Mexico, from the early stages of Stockholm (1972) to Agenda 21 (1992) and Rio+5 (1997). We then present a few selected indicators of sustainable development in Mexico. This set of indicators related to SD was developed specifically for Mexico and contains data from 1984 to 1999. We believe that these indicators may prove useful in designing sustainability strategies because they quantify environmental, social and political conditions related to sustainable development. However, their usefulness is somewhat limited because of the difficulty in comparing developing vis-a-vis developed countries. Each nation has unique issues and circumstances and therefore may not be compared without thoroughly analysing the implications of those indicators. Having said that, these SD indicators are nonetheless useful because they help to describe the correlation be tween the environment and development. There is promise that further research will help refine these measurements (Jing-zhu and Opschoor 1999). There are several dimensions to the sustainability challenge: economic, social, political and institutional, among others. After reviewing Mexico's SD indicators, we then turn to a specific dimension: the legal and institutional framework. Analysing the legal framework has become a relevant issue in Mexico since the enactment of a constitutional right to sustainable development and an adequate environment. This is a major breakthrough in Mexican environmental and constitutional law because it enables a citizen to sue on a constitutional foundation for his right to an adequate environment. This may lead to stronger enforcement of environmental regulations and, therefore, in the long run to a more sustainable future. We take the theoretical stance that SD is a multidimensional issue that cannot be addressed solely on the basis of economic, social or political issues, but rather as a whole. We must, however, state clearly that it is our belief that extreme poverty and social inequity play an important role that must be addressed by Mexican sustainability strategies. We conclude this chapter with a reflection that should prove fertile ground for further research, keeping in mind that SD is an idealistic goal (Pacheco-Vega 1997). SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT While there are economic and physical limits to the supply of nonrenewable resources, even so-called renewable resources face serious threats to their continued supply. The accelerated use of these resources generates environmental problems. Pollution renders streams and aquifers unusable. Irresponsible logging leads to erosion and loss of habitat for many species. …


We developed a method to characterize the imaging performance of MPI tracers from virtual MPI measurements that can be synthesized using measurement data from a Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (MPS) at different static magnetic field offsets. MPI system functions were obtained from measurements on a FeraSpin™ R (nanoPET GmbH, Berlin) sample in a 2D MPS comprising two excitation coils and two receive coils. Software phantoms of spatial MPI tracer distributions with different size and shape were constructed. With the measured MPI system function, a synthetic MPI measurement of the software phantoms was simulated. By adding noise to the virtual MPI data, the detection limit of each harmonic in dependence of the noise level was obtained. An MPI reconstruction of the virtual tracer distribution was performed using the virtual MPI data as input. By comparing the reconstructed images with the actual software phantoms, we obtained the spatial resolution of MPI of the investigated tracers. This method might help predicting the image resolution for real MPI setups. Our characterization method provides a valuable link between pure spectroscopic characterization and time consuming MPI phantom experiments.


Social exclusion occurs as a combination of challenges (e.g., unemployment, high poverty, family conflict) that limits life opportunities. Social exclusion has been researched within European contexts, among middle-class families, and from quantitative perspectives. However, research on the topic among urban ethnic minority youth and using qualitative methodologies has remained elusive in the U.S. Although collaborative efforts between governmental institutions and community-based coalitions have helped develop intervention efforts to decrease social exclusion among youth in low-income urban areas, it continues to develop within families, communities, and societies. Therefore, this research explored experiences of social exclusion among low-income minority youth in an urban community in the Northeast U.S. Data were collected from nine focus groups ( N = 58). The goal was to explore how urban ethnic minority youth understood social exclusion and the community resources they used to navigate its challenges. Findings included economic and societal exclusion in the form of economic deprivation and lack of appropriate safety nets. Although youth expressed a lack of community connection in the form of community exclusion, they applied a reflective view on how inequality shaped their lives, while discussing pathways towards social inclusion. This reflection was emphasized by the importance of developing bridging and bonding relationships (mentoring).


Patients cite fear of pain as a reason for avoiding necessary dental treatment. The relationship between expected pain and actual pain, nor the factors that influence actual pain experienced following periodontal surgery have been well characterized. To measure anticipated pain, patients completed a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to surgery and a 7-day diary that included a VAS for actual pain and a record of pain medication and nutritional supplement use. Linear regression was used for statistical analysis. A positive correlation was found between anticipated pain and actual pain. Factors that influenced pain experienced after surgery included anticipated pain, age, sedation during surgery, and number of pain pills used. Patients who anticipated more pain experienced more pain following surgery. Older patients and patients who take less pain pills reported experiencing less pain. Recognizing factors that influence the amount of pain experienced can help practitioners provide appropriate accommodations for patients. Pain associated with periodontal surgery iii


The minimum wage has failed to target poverty and youth employment Summary In recent months, politicians have urged the Low Pay Commission (LPC) to consider a significant increase in the National Minimum Wage (NMW). In February the LPC recommended an increase of 3 per cent for October 2014, from £6.31 to £6.50, which was accepted by the government. This is a substantially smaller increase than suggested by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who wanted the NMW to rise to £7 by 2015. The NMW has risen significantly relative to average earnings since its introduction in April 1999. During that time, the NMW increased by 75 per cent in nominal terms, whilst average earnings have increased by 61 per cent. Even since 2008, the NMW (14 per cent) has increased relative to average earnings (10 per cent), though more slowly than the price level. The idea the NMW can be safely raised stems from the belief that it has not had a negative effect on employment. The consensus view, however, is that minimum wages at moderate levels have a small negative impact on employment and that the level of the minimum wage matters. A recent HM Treasury submission to the LPC, for example, estimated that raising the NMW to £7 per hour would increase unemployment by 14,000 by 2018/19. There is also evidence of reduced working hours in response to NMW increases. International research suggests many of the negative effects operate after a long time period through reducing new job creation. Employment impacts of increases in the minimum wage are likely to disproportionately affect the young, the unskilled, the long-term unemployed and those in lower productivity regions. There is evidence that minimum wages lead firms to replace lower-skilled and less experienced younger workers with older workers. The 18-24 year old unemployment rate has risen from 11.5 per cent in April 1999 (when the NMW was introduced) to 17.9 per cent today. And of those unemployed within this age group, the proportion out of work for more than 12 months has risen from 14.4 per cent in 1999 to 31.8 per cent in 2013. The NMW is not a targeted poverty reduction tool. 46 per cent of those individuals in households defined as in poverty are workless: a minimum wage can do nothing to help them. Whilst many of those individuals currently on low pay would benefit from a NMW increase, many of the beneficiaries of a minimum wage are not in poor households. 44 per cent of low-paid workers are in households in the top half of the household income distribution. Some people have advocated a substantial increase in the NMW as a means of improving the public finances. However, the evidence suggests any net benefit is small. The improvement to the public finances of raising the NMW to £7 has been estimated to be just £30 million once all effects are considered. Claims employers are 'subsidised' by in-work benefits in the form of tax credits have some truth, but are exaggerated. Nearly a third of all tax credit recipient households do not have an adult in paid employment and a further million households work fewer than 30 hours per week. Reforming tax credits would be a better means of eliminating the degree to which tax credits subsidise the employers of the remaining full-time workers in receipt of credits. The 'Living Wage' is a misnomer for the three-fifths of those earning less than the Living Wage who are working part-time. Statutory implementation of a minimum wage at the Living Wage level could have a significant impact on employment and theviability of firms in a range of sectors. It has been estimated to cost 150,000 jobs, with substitution for older workers meaning 300,000 fewer young people employed. Recent proposals for the LPC's scope to be extended would fundamentally change its remit from seeking to set a minimum acceptable wage floor to more inherently subjective aims, such as reducing inequality or assessing wages by sector. In the absence of a decision to abolish the NMW entirely, we recommend the government: · commits not to widen the remit of the LPC, which could make it more intrusive for employers whilst fundamentally changing the LPC's aims · abolishes the minimum wage for apprentices and under 18s · suspends the minimum wage for all those under the age of 24 who have been unemployed for more than one year, for the first year of employment · instruct the LPC to regionalise the NMW from October 2015, taking into account regional productivity differentials. The LPC should examine each region on an individual basis, taking into consideration economic conditions and firms' ability to pay, with the main emphasis placed on private sector employment


Measurements of crustal deformation may help determine if mid-crustal reflectors imaged at ∼15 km depth below the San Francisco Bay area, California, are active detachment horizons that accommodate strike-slip shear and/or convergence across the region. Elastic dislocation models predict distinguishable secular surface displacements for fault geometries involving vertical shear zones or horizontal detachments only where faults step, bend, or branch along their trace. In the southern San Francisco Bay area, the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras fault zones splay from a single trace of the creeping central segment of the San Andreas fault. Whereas measured horizontal surface displacements in the central and northern bay area are equally well predicted by models of strike-slip faults below the major faults and by models involving a detachment, a zone of fault-normal motion observed in the southern bay area is not well explained by models involving only vertical strike-slip faults. A model involving detachment slip parallel to the San Andreas fault appears more consistent with the observations. We find no evidence for significant San Andreas fault-normal regional contraction or detachment faulting. However, additional data and better models are required to more confidently constrain the three-dimensional active fault architecture.


Burrow-nesting seabirds, such as the wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus (Gmelin)) physically and chemically engineer the soil of their colonies in a manner that is likely to affect plant growth and ecology. We examined this functional interaction by measuring the diversity, vertical structure and productivity of vegetation in shearwater colonies on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, and by comparing these with those in the adjacent, non-colonised heath. The colony supported a distinct, less diverse vegetation community and was dominated by short-lived, succulent exotics. An ecotone was present between the two communities. Across all species, vegetation was shorter and denser in the colony and individual species that co-occurred in both locations were stunted in the colony. The percentage of bare soil in the colony was double that of the heath. The productivity of a phytometer (Rhagodia baccata) was significantly higher in colony soil than in heath soil. In a glasshouse experiment, cuttings grown in colony soil had 337% of the root mass and 537% of the foliage mass of plants grown in heath soil. Field measurements demonstrated increased leaf set and foliage extension in colony plants. Seed germination from the colony soil (2674 seedlings m -2) greatly exceeded that of the heath (59 seedlings m -2). Dense, productive and species-poor colony vegetation supports the assemblage-level thinning hypothesis as the mechanism for vegetation change, but we argue that prominent colony species are simply better adapted to high nutrient loads and frequent disturbance. A model of vegetation succession is also proposed.


Quantitative school performance measures (QPMs) are playing an ever larger role in education systems on both sides of the Atlantic. In this paper we outline the rationale for the use of such measures in education, review the literature relating to several important problems associated with their use, and argue that they nonetheless have a positive role to play in improving the educational quality. We delineate several institutional reforms which would help schools to respond "positively" to QPMs, emphasizing the importance of agents' flexibility to change the way they work, and the importance of a sound knowledge base regarding "what works" in raising attainment. We suggest that the present institutional setups in both England and the US too often hold schools accountable for outcomes over which they have little control – but that such problems are far from insurmountable.


Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a major health problem in tropical countries. The case fatality rate (CFR) can be reduced from 45% to <1%, if dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is treated early and adequately. Early biomarkers for DSS outcomes in children are needed. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) might be one of the molecule, as it plays a role in the pathophysiology of DHF in children. Objective To assess IL-8 levels in pediatric DHF patients at various stages of illness severity and to determine the correlation between serum IL-8 concentration on admission and DSS outcomes in children. Methods A prospective cohort study was done in children with DSS who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Kandou Hospital, Manado. We measured subjects' serum IL-8 levels at the time of DSS diagnosis and followed-up subjects until there was improvement or deterioration. An association between IL-8 and DSS outcome was analyzed using univariable logistic regression test. An ROC curve and Chi-square test were used to analyze the prognostic value of serum IL-8 levels. Statistical significance was considered to be a P value of <0.05 (power 80, β=0.20).. Results Fifty-eight children with DSS were included in this study. Twenty-seven subjects had clinical deterioration (to recurrent shock, prolonged shock or died). There was a significant association between elevated IL-8 levels and clinical deterioration in DSS (OR 116.7; 95%CI 18.0 to 756.0; P=0.0001). The ROC curve revealed an IL-8 cut-off level of 194.9 pg/mL, AUC 0.982, with sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 93.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) 92.6%, negative predictive value (NPV) 90.3%. Conclusion There is an association between elevated early serum IL-8 level and a DSS deterioration. Further prognostic studies are needed to confirm the predictive ability of serum IL-8 level on DSS deterioration in children.


Once the nation commits to engage in heavy, sustained military action abroad, particularly including the deployment of ground forces, political support is scrupulously observed and dissected. One of the most graphic factors influencing that support is the number of military soldiers who have made the ultimate sacrifice on the nation's behalf. In the modern era, most studies suggest that the public considers the potential and actual casualties in U.S. wars to be an important factor, and an inverse relationship exists between the number of military deaths and public support. Economists have dubbed this the "casualty sensitivity" effect.This article asserts that this stark and monolithic metric requires re-examination in light of a little-known phenomenon: on the modern battlefield, contractor personnel are dying at rates similar to - and at times in excess of - soldiers. The increased risk to contractors' health and well-being logically follows the expanded role of contractors in modern governance and defense. For the most part, this "substitution" has taken place outside of the cognizance of the public and, potentially, Congress. This article explains the phenomenon, identifies some of the challenges and complexities associated with quantifying and qualifying the real price of combat in a modern outsourced military, and encourages greater transparency so that the public can more meaningfully participate in "the great American experiment."


Reward-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework which is suitable for both the batch RL setting and the setting where there are many reward functions of interest. During the exploration phase, an agent collects samples without using a pre-specified reward function. After the exploration phase, a reward function is given, and the agent uses samples collected during the exploration phase to compute a near-optimal policy. Jin et al. [2020] showed that in the tabular setting, the agent only needs to collect polynomial number of samples (in terms of the number states, the number of actions, and the planning horizon) for reward-free RL. However, in practice, the number of states and actions can be large, and thus function approximation schemes are required for generalization. In this work, we give both positive and negative results for reward-free RL with linear function approximation. We give an algorithm for reward-free RL in the linear Markov decision process setting where both the transition and the reward admit linear representations. The sample complexity of our algorithm is polynomial in the feature dimension and the planning horizon, and is completely independent of the number of states and actions. We further give an exponential lower bound for reward-free RL in the setting where only the optimal $Q$-function admits a linear representation. Our results imply several interesting exponential separations on the sample complexity of reward-free RL.


Point-of-interest (POI) retrieval that searches for relevant destination locations plays a significant role in on-demand ridehailing services. Existing solutions to POI retrieval mainly retrieve and rank POIs based on their semantic similarity scores. Although intuitive, quantifying the relevance of a Query-POI pair by single-field semantic similarity is subject to inherent limitations. In this paper, we propose a novel Query-POI relevance model for effective POI retrieval for ondemand ride-hailing services. Different from existing relevance models, we capture and represent multi-field and local&global semantic features of a Query-POI pair to measure the semantic similarity. Besides, we observe a hidden correlation between origin-destination locations in ride-hailing scenarios, and propose two location embeddings to characterize the specific correlation. By incorporating the geographic correlation with the semantic similarity, our model achieves better performance in POI ranking. Experimental results on two real-world click-through datasets demonstrate the improvements of our model over state-of-the-art methods.