This paper discusses the spectrally selective properties of Ag-Na3AlF6 multilayer plasmonic nanocomposites formed on glass, quartz, and polymer substrates during thermal evaporation in vacuum. It is demonstrated that they can be used as a basis for creating broad-band optical coatings characterized by strong absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible region and low reflectance in the absorption region.


Nano materials have made a revelation in all fields of engineering and technology. Materials of size less than 100 nm are termed as nano materials. The excellent properties of nano materials have attracted the scientists and engineers more towards nano technology. Solid nano particles dispersed in the base fluids such as water or ethylene glycol are called nanofluids, especially used to increase the heat transfer capability of base fluids. In this work we have synthesized Al2O3-Cu nano composite powder in a thermo chemical route that involves the preparation of precursor powder from metal nitrates and hydrogen reduction technique. Two different proportions of precursors were used to obtain the nano composites of two different proportions. The prepared powder was characterised using XRD, SEM and EDS. Water based hybrid nanofluids were prepared and their stability have been studied for different volume concentrations.


As a further component to the efforts to ensure that Kentucky has the most up-to-date business entity statutes available in the country, the 2015 General Assembly passed, and Governor Beshear signed, a series of revisions and additions to those laws. Essentially, these new statutes can be divided into three divisions. Initially, there are a series of miscellaneous changes across the range of business statutes, which revisions are generally intended to provide additional clarity as to applicable rules. Second, there are adopted a series of additions and revisions to the Nonprofit Corporation Acts, revisions which generally speaking bring the law of nonprofit corporations more into line with that of business corporations. Third, there has been adopted the Kentucky Unincorporated Nonprofit Association Act, an entirely new organizational form which will provide certainty for arrangements that previously have had no statutory basis. After a review of the legislative history of this Act and technical revisions addressing the workings of the office of the Secretary of State, these statutes will be reviewed in the order just set forth.


Pyrene-substituted polyhydromethylsiloxanes (PHMS-Pyx) were synthesised by the hydrosilylation reaction of prop-3-enyloxymethylpyrene with polyhydromethylsiloxane (Mn = 3700). The ratio of pyrene substituent to Si–H unit was varied to afford a range of pyrene-functionalised polysiloxanes. These copolymers were subsequently incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers by curingvia either Pt(0) catalysed hydrosilylation with divinyl-terminated PDMS (Mn = 186) and tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane, or Sn(II) catalysed condensation with α,ω-dihydroxyPDMS (Mn = 26 000) and tetraethoxysilane. An alternative method involving the synthesis and integration of [3-(pyren-1-ylmethoxy)propyl]triethoxysilane (Py-TEOS) into PDMS elastomers was also investigated: a mixture of α,ω-dihydroxyPDMS (Mn = 26 000), tetraethoxysilane, and Py-TEOS was cured using an Sn(II) catalyst. Certain of the resulting fluorescent pyrene-labelled elastomers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. No significant changes were observed in the thermal or mechanical properties of the elastomers containing pyrene when compared to otherwise identical samples not containing pyrene. All of the pyrene-containing elastomers were demonstrated to be fluorescent under suitable excitation in a photoluminescent spectrometer. Two of the elastomers were placed in a photoluminescence spectrometer and subjected to cycles of extension and relaxation (strain = 0–16.7%) while changes in the emission spectra were monitored. The resulting spectra of the elastomer containing the PHMS-Py50 copolymers were variable and inconsistent. However, the emission peaks of elastomers containing Py-TEOS displayed clear and reproducible changes in fluorescence intensity upon stretching and relaxation. The intensity of the monomer and excimer emission peaks was observed to increase with elongation of the sample and decrease upon relaxation. Furthermore, the ratio of the intensities of the excimer : monomer peak decreased with elongation and increased with relaxation. In neither case was there appreciable hysteresis, suggesting that fluorescent labelling of elastomers is a valid approach for the non-invasive in situ monitoring of stress and strain in such materials.


Wireless multi-hop relay systems have become very important technologies in mobile communications. These systems ensure high-speed data transfer and extended coverage area at a low cost. In this paper, we proposed two scenarios. In the first scenario we studied the performance of a two-way multi-hop relay network and proposed a half-duplex mode amplify-and-forward relay with two cases. In the first case, we studied a fixed relay node (FRN) with (q th ) users for two-way performance keeping user equipment (UE) is fixed and is moving at different velocities toward FRN. In second case, we proposed a new connection between the (k th ) moving relay nodes (MRN) and users had the same the velocities and times, in which users are independently moving between them. In the second scenario the balanced power algorithm for MRN is proposed, this algorithm is control of the transmitted power over cell radius to achieve the required SNR and throughput at the users with reducing the consumption transmitted relay power. Is has been shown from the simulation results that there is saving nearly 75% from transmitted power after using proposed algorithm.


Trapped and Coupled Trapped single atoms are ideal for storing and manipulating quantum information. Thompson et al. (p. 1202, published online 25 April; see the Perspective by Keller) were able to control single atoms interacting coherently with a field mode of a photonic crystal cavity. An optical tweezer was used to trap the single atom, which enabled positioning of the atom in close proximity to the photonic crystal waveguide, coupling the atom to the optical mode of the cavity. Such coupling should prove useful in quantum measurement, sensing, and information processing. A single rubidium atom is positioned in close proximity to an optical cavity so they can interact. [Also see Perspective by Keller] Hybrid quantum devices, in which dissimilar quantum systems are combined in order to attain qualities not available with either system alone, may enable far-reaching control in quantum measurement, sensing, and information processing. A paradigmatic example is trapped ultracold atoms, which offer excellent quantum coherent properties, coupled to nanoscale solid-state systems, which allow for strong interactions. We demonstrate a deterministic interface between a single trapped rubidium atom and a nanoscale photonic crystal cavity. Precise control over the atom's position allows us to probe the cavity near-field with a resolution below the diffraction limit and to observe large atom-photon coupling. This approach may enable the realization of integrated, strongly coupled quantum nano-optical circuits.


The influence of light source on the receiver as electromagnetic interaction is considered. The mechanical influence of the moving charged body on a motionless one is defined in the experimental laws of electrodynamics. These laws determine the changes of parameters of the light source that moves relatively the receiver. The laws of change of light frequency and its direction of the moving source are derived from the laws of electromagnetism. At small velocity of source movement they coincide with classical results: the Doppler effect and phenomenon of aberration. The interaction of the source and receiver depends only on their velocity of movement relatively each other. There is no world medium, the relative movement to which would influence the characteristics of light source.


A peptidomimetic analogue of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG), compound 3, has been synthesized that contains a highly constrained spiro bicyclic type-II beta-turn mimic. Peptidomimetic 3 enhanced the binding of the dopamine receptor agonist ADTN to dopamine receptors by 40% at 10(-6) M. At this same concentration PLG enhanced the binding of ADTN by 26%. Like PLG, 3 exhibited a bell-shaped dose-response curve with the maximum effect occurring at a concentration of 10(-6) M. Because of the highly rigid nature of the spiro bicyclic type-II beta-turn constraint found in 3, these results lend strong support for the hypothesis that the biologically active conformation of PLG is a type-II beta-turn.


Key Words: domestic violence, gender, intimate terrorism. Ever since Suzanne Steinmetz's 1977-1978 article on "battered husbands," we have been hearing this lament-that the feminists are wrong, that women are as violent as men, that domestic violence is not about gender or patriarchy. As Fergusson, Horwood, and Ridder (this issue) put it, their work "suggest[s] the need for a broadening of perspective in the field of domestic violence away from the view that domestic violence is usually a gender issue involving male perpetrators and female victims and toward the view that domestic violence most commonly involves violent couples who engage in mutual acts of aggression" (p. 1116). I want to make four major points in my response to the Fergusson, Horwood, and Ridder article, points that are equally relevant to other articles like it that continue to appear in our journals and in the general media suggesting that women are as violent as men in intimate relationships. First, there are three major types of intimate partner violence, only one of which is the kind of violence that we all think of when we hear the term "domestic violence." Second, that type of intimate partner violence is, indeed, primarily male perpetrated and is most definitely a gender issue. Third, Fergusson, Horwood, and Ridder's article is not about that type of violence. In fact, it is hardly about violence at all. Fourth, serious errors of fact, theory, and intervention inevitably follow from the failure to acknowledge the major differences among the three types of intimate partner violence. THREE TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE A growing segment of the domestic violence literature demonstrates that there is more than one type of intimate partner violence. I first presented this theoretical and conceptual argument at professional meetings in the early 1990s, with publications beginning to appear in 1995 (e.g., Johnson, 1993, 1995, 1996). Since that time, I have continued to present and publish papers that document the differences among major types of intimate partner violence, types that must not be conflated lest we make serious mistakes in our research, and in the policy recommendations that may follow from it (Johnson, 1998, 2001; Johnson & Cares, 2004; Leone, Johnson, Cohan, & Lloyd, 2004). The importance of making such distinctions is also supported by other scholars' publications, some of which build upon my framework (Graham-Kevan & Archer, 2003a, 2003b), others of which come to the same conclusion from other perspectives (e.g., Holtzworth-Munroe, Meehan, Herron, Rehman, & Stuart, 2000; Holtzworth-Munroe & Stuart, 1994; Jacobson & Gottman, 1998; Swan & Snow, 2002). It is no longer scientifically or ethically acceptable to speak of domestic violence without specifying, loudly and clearly, the type of violence to which we refer. In my control-based typology of intimate partner violence, the three major types are distinguished from each other by the control context within which they are embedded. Control context is conceptualized at the level of the relationship rather than the immediate situation and is based on non-situation-specific dyadic information about the controlling and violent behaviors of both partners in the relationship. Briefly, the three types are (a) violence enacted in the service of taking general control over one's partner (intimate terrorism), (b) violence utilized in response to intimate terrorism (violent resistance), and (c) violence that is not embedded in a general pattern of power and control but is a function of the escalation of a specific conflict or series of conflicts (situational couple violence). As I do not plan to say much about violent resistance in this comment, I want to point out here that I purposely do not use the term self-defense. Violent resistance to intimate terrorism does not necessarily meet the legal definition of self-defense, and it is not always seen as self-defense by the women who respond violently to their partner's intimate terrorism. …


A methodology for the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers from living anionic polymerisation and ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) using well-defined ruthenium alkylidene initiators has been developed. Polymers synthesised by anionic polymerisation were converted into macromonomers, which were used as precursor polymers to well-defined ruthenium macroinitiators for ROMP. The macroinitiators were synthesised by an olefin metathesis reaction, involving alkylidene exchange of Ru(Cl(_2)(=CHEt)(PCy(_3))(_2) with the macromonomers. The ROMP of norbornene (NBE) derivatives using the macroinitiators resulted in the synthesis of block copolymers. These copolymers possessed low polydispersity indices (typically 1.2 or less) and contained small quantities or none of the anionically polymerised homopolymer.Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers were synthesised by terminating living PEO with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride. The PEO macromonomers were used to synthesise block copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and NBE derivatives. Polystyrene (PS) macromonomers were prepared by Williamson coupling of hydroxyl functionalised PS and 4-VBC. The hydroxyl functionalised PS was synthesised by end functionalising living PS with EO or by incorporating a hydroxy functionality into the initiator in a protected form. Copolymers of styrene and NBE derivatives were produced using the PS macromonomers. The applicability of this methodology to other monomers that can be polymerised by an anionic mechanism was examined. The ROMP monomers included NBE derivatives with imide, dicarboxylic ester and chloromethyl groups, illustrating the range of functionalities that can be incorporated into the ROMP block using this methodology.


The pores in shales are mainly of nanometer-scale, and their pore size distribution is very important for shale gas storage and adsorption capacity, especially micropores having widths less than 2 nm, which contribute to the main occurrence space for gas adsorption. This study is focused on the organic-rich Lower Silurian black shale from four wells in the Upper Yangtze Platform, and their total organic carbon (TOC), mineralogical composition and micropore characterization were investigated. Low pressure CO2 adsorption measurement was conducted at 273.15 K in the relative pressure range of 0.0001-0.03, and the micropore structure was characterized by Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation and density functional theory (DFT) method and then the relationship between micropore structure and shale gas adsorption capacity was discussed. The results indicated that (1) The Lower Silurian shale have high TOC content in the range of 0.92-4.96%, high quartz content in the range of 30.6-69.5%, and high clays content in the range of 24.1-51.2%. The TOC content shows a strong positive relationship with the quartz content which suggests that the quartz is mainly biogenic in origin. (2) The micropore volume varies from 0.12 cm3/100 g to 0.44 cm3/100 g and micropore surface area varies from 4.97 m2/g to 17.94 m2/g. Both of them increase with increasing TOC content, indicating TOC is the key factor to control the micropore structure of the Lower Silurian shale. (3) Low pressure CO2 adsorption measurement provides the most suitable detection range (0.3-1.5 nm) and has high reliability and accuracy for micropore structure characterization. (4) The TOC content is the key factor to control gas adsorption capacity of the Lower Silurian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform. Citation : Chen, L., Jiang, Z., Liu, K., et al. Quantitative characterization of micropore structure for organic-rich Lower Silurian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: Implications for shale gas adsorption capacity. Adv. Geo-energ. Res. 2017, 1(2): 112-123, doi: 10.26804/ager.2017.02.07.


Since the 1990s, many communities in Canada have worked to develop specialized programs to meet the needs of pregnant and early parenting women who use alcohol and other substances. These programs provide a range of services under one roof (a "single-access" or "one-stop shop" model), address women's needs from a holistic perspective, provide practical and emotional support, and strive to reduce barriers to accessing care and support. Over the years, these programs have trialed new approaches to working with indigenous and non-indigenous women, their families, and their communities.  In this paper, we describe the development of single-access programs in four different communities in Canada, discuss some of the elements of what makes these programs successful, and share our "lessons learned" over the years. We use examples from four different programs, including the Maxxine Wright Place Project in Surrey, BC; the Healthy, Empowered, Resilient (H.E.R) Pregnancy Program in Edmonton, AB; HerWay Home in Victoria, BC; and Manito Ikwe Kagiikwe in Winnipeg, MB. All four programs are based upon the "best practices" elements of: (1) engagement and outreach, (2) harm reduction, (3) cultural safety (4) supporting mother and child, and (5) partnerships. In addition to serving First Nations, Metis, Inuit and other indigenous women and their families, these programs have drawn upon indigenous knowledge in their program design, values, and philosophy and have collaborated with indigenous women in evaluation and research to track the successes of these programs and to improve service delivery.


The added worker effect (AWE) measures the entry of individuals into the labor force due to their partners' job loss. We propose a new method to calculate the AWE, which allows us to estimate its effect on any labor market outcome. We show that without the AWE reduces the fraction of households with two non-employed members. The AWE also accounts for why women's employment is less cyclical and symmetric compared to men. In recessions, while some women lose their employment, others enter the labor market and find jobs. This keeps the female employment relatively stable.


This document provides a general overview of human toxicity, provides a listing of laboratory animal and wildlife toxicities and a cross reference of chemical, common and trade names of thiocarbamate pesticides used as fungicides registered for use in Florida. This document is PI-62, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 2005.


It happens to me all the time. I meet someone new and mention that I am a chemistry teacher, and they say, "Oh, I hated chemistry." I just do not get it. Sure, chemistry involves mathematics and abstract concepts--such as atomic structure, molecular orbitals, and reaction dynamics--that can be difficult for some students. But of all subjects, chemistry should arguably be the most enjoyable; it is filled with things that bubble, change color, burst into flame, and otherwise provide visual and intellectual intrigue. As the paradigmatic laboratory science, it may also be the discipline best suited for student inquiry, offering countless opportunities for students to design their own experiments. Why is chemistry such an important and engaging science? Let me count the ways. Chemistry is interesting. Students physically manipulate cool equipment--Bunsen burners, burets, and beakers, to name a few. In the lab, students see changes happen right in front of their eyes: A piece of magnesium ribbon bursts into flame, beautiful silver crystals appear on a piece of copper wire, an iodine-clock reaction solution suddenly changes color. Chemistry is the ultimate hands-on, minds-on course. Chemistry is innovative and new. Chemistry, the science of change, also itself changes. Chemistry students learn about cutting-edge science and technology, such as nanomaterials, transmission electron microscopy (used in the imaging of individual atoms), and the analysis of planetary and extrasolar chemical data in the search for extraterrestrial life. Chemistry is everywhere. Understanding the chemistry behind everyday phenomena is engaging and important. What common chemicals should never be mixed? How does carbon dioxide contribute to global warming? Why did that souffle recipe go wrong? How do light sticks work? Should fluoride be added to my town's water supply? How is blood alcohol concentration measured? Why does ice float? Chemistry is the "central science." Chemistry is the domain of important foundational concepts in the life sciences--and thus a bridge between the life and physical sciences. It is also a prerequisite for understanding applied sciences such as medicine and engineering. Chemistry has a rich history. Beginning with the ancient alchemists and continuing to modern times, chemistry is filled with fascinating human stories, tales that have--collectively and at times individually--dramatically changed the course of world history. To celebrate both its history and its future, the United Nations General Assembly has declared 2011 as the International Year of Chemistry, in part to honor the 100th anniversary of Marie Curie's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. …


Metal-dielectric layered stacks for imaging with sub-wavelength resolution are regarded as linear isoplanatic systems — a concept popular in Fourier optics and in scalar diffraction theory. In this context, a layered flat lens is a one-dimensional spatial filter characterised by the point spread function. However, depending on the model of the source, the definition of the point spread function for multilayers with sub-wavelength resolution may be formulated in several ways. Here, a distinction is made between a soft source and hard electric or magnetic sources. Each of these definitions leads to a different meaning of perfect imaging. It is shown that some simple interpretations of the PSF, such as the relation of its width to the resolution of the imaging system are ambiguous for the multilayers with sub-wavelenth resolution. These differences must be observed in point spread function engineering of layered systems with sub-wavelength sized PSF.


In the Eastern Aegean lies an island of forested hills and olive groves, with streams, marshes and a lagoon that nearly cuts the land in two. It was here, over two thousand years ago, that Aristotle came to work. Aristotle was the greatest philosopher of all time. Author of the Poetics, Politics and Metaphysics, his work looms over the history of Western thought. But he was also a biologist - the first. Aristotle explored the mysteries of the natural world. With the help of fishermen, hunters and farmers, he catalogued the animals in his world, dissected them, observed their behaviours and recorded how they lived, fed, and bred. In his great zoological treatise, Historia animalium, he described the mating habits of herons, the sexual incontinence of girls, the stomachs of snails, the sensitivity of sponges, the flippers of seals, the sounds of cicadas, the destructiveness of starfish, the dumbness of the deaf, the flatulence of elephants and the structure of the human heart. And then, in another dozen books, he explained it all. In The Lagoon, acclaimed biologist Armand Marie Leroi recovers Aristotle's science. He goes to Lesbos to see the creatures that Aristotle saw, where he saw them, and explores the Philosopher's deep ideas and inspired guesses - as well as the things that he got wildly wrong. Leroi shows how Aristotle's science is deeply intertwined with his philosophical system and how modern science even now bears the imprint of its inventor.


The conventional wisdom has been that U.S. legal culture discourages apologies. Defendants worry that apologies will be admissible at trial and interpreted as admissions of responsibility. In recent years, however, legal scholars have debated the merits of encouraging parties to apologize. Proponents of apologies claim that apologies will avert lawsuits and promote settlement. Consistent with this view, legislatures in several states have enacted statutes that make certain apologies inadmissible. In addition, some have argued that defendants might craft their apologies to better insulate them from legal liability (e.g., offering a mere expression of sympathy) in order to reap the benefits of apologizing while minimizing the risks. On the other side, however, critics of these so-called safe apologies have argued that apologies that avoid the legal consequences of apologizing are devoid of moral content and likely ineffectual. Much of this debate, however, has occurred in the absence of sound empirical data. The article reports the findings of two experimental studies in which participants were asked to read a vignette describing an accident, to take on the role of the injured party, to indicate whether or not they were likely to accept a settlement offer from the other party, and to respond to a series of questions about the situation. In the first study, a full, responsibility accepting, apology increased the likelihood that the offer would be accepted. In contrast, a partial, sympathy expressing, apology increased participants' uncertainty about whether or not to accept the offer. In addition, a full apology (but not a partial apology) resulted in more positive ratings of numerous variables that are thought to underlie the settlement decision. These underlying judgments provided the mechanism by which apologies influenced settlement decisions. Importantly for the debate over evidentiary protection for apologies, the nature of the applicable evidentiary rule did not influence the apologies' effect on settlement decisions nor did these rules influence participants' perceptions of the situation or the offender. Consistent with the results of the first study, the second study found that apologies influenced participants' attributions and perceptions of the situation and the offender. Overall, full apologies improved the participants' perceptions of the situation and the offender, while partial apologies did little to alter such perceptions. There were patterns in the data suggesting both that partial apologies may negatively impact perceptions where responsibility is relatively clear or where the injury is more severe and that partial apologies may positively impact perceptions where responsibility is relatively less clear or where the injury is relatively minor. In addition, and again consistent with the results of the first study, this study provided no evidence that the nature of the applicable evidentiary rule will influence participants' perceptions of the situation, the offender, or the apology. These findings provide some guidance for policymakers and litigants or potential litigants with difficult decisions to make about the appropriate evidentiary protection for apologies, whether to offer an apology to an opposing party in civil litigation, and how to respond to an apology so offered.


IMPORTANCE
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics are used to reduce medication nonadherence and relapse in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The relative effectiveness of long-acting injectable versions of second-generation and older antipsychotics has not been assessed.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of the second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic paliperidone palmitate with the older long-acting injectable antipsychotic haloperidol decanoate.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Multisite, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted from March 2011 to July 2013 at 22 US clinical research sites. Randomized patients (n = 311) were adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were clinically assessed to be at risk of relapse and likely to benefit from a long-acting injectable antipsychotic.

INTERVENTIONS
Intramuscular injections of haloperidol decanoate 25 to 200 mg or paliperidone palmitate 39 to 234 mg every month for as long as 24 months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Efficacy failure, defined as a psychiatric hospitalization, a need for crisis stabilization, a substantial increase in frequency of outpatient visits, a clinician's decision that oral antipsychotic could not be discontinued within 8 weeks after starting the long-acting injectable antipsychotics, or a clinician's decision to discontinue the assigned long-acting injectable due to inadequate therapeutic benefit. Key secondary outcomes were common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications.

RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of efficacy failure for paliperidone palmitate compared with haloperidol decanoate (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.65-1.47). The number of participants who experienced efficacy failure was 49 (33.8%) in the paliperidone palmitate group and 47 (32.4%) in the haloperidol decanoate group. On average, participants in the paliperidone palmitate group gained weight and those in the haloperidol decanoate group lost weight; after 6 months, the least-squares mean weight change for those taking paliperidone palmitate was increased by 2.17 kg (95% CI, 1.25-3.09) and was decreased for those taking haloperidol decanoate (-0.96 kg; 95% CI, -1.88 to -0.04). Patients taking paliperidone palmitate had significantly higher maximum mean levels of serum prolactin (men, 34.56 µg/L [95% CI, 29.75-39.37] vs 15.41 µg/L [95% CI, 10.73-20.08]; P <.001, and for women, 75.19 [95% CI, 63.03-87.36] vs 26.84 [95% CI, 13.29-40.40]; P<.001). Patients taking haloperidol decanoate had significantly larger increases in global ratings of akathisia (0.73 [95% CI, 0.59-0.87] vs 0.45 [95% CI, 0.31-0.59]; P=.006).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, use of paliperidone palmitate vs haloperidol decanoate did not result in a statistically significant difference in efficacy failure, but was associated with more weight gain and greater increases in serum prolactin, whereas haloperidol decanoate was associated with more akathisia. However, the CIs do not rule out the possibility of a clinically meaningful advantage with paliperidone palmitate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01136772.


Saddle- and propeller-shaped macrocycles are obtained by fourfold Perkin condensations in transient high dilution of 4,4'-bis(phenylglyoxylic acid) with either 4,4'-bis(phenylacetic acid) or p-phenylenediacetic acid, followed by four-fold oxidative photocyclizations. In the saddle-shaped tetraphenanthrylene, the angle between opposite phenanthrene planes is close to the value of 90° of an ideal saddle. In the two helicene fragments of the propeller-shaped double [5]helicene, the geometry of unsubstituted [5]helicene is preserved without major macrocycle-induced distortions.


Cinematic Affect in a Time of Ecological Emergency is situated within a moving image practice that applies methods aligned with essayist cinema and video installation, as well as historical avant-garde film. The project was initiated in response to subjective experiences of ecological devastation, which induced a personal state of melancholy. It works from the position that another tactic for progressing discourses around anthropogenic climate and geological change might be poetic or affective modes that are often present in the aforementioned moving image practices. The research aims to eschew 'fact' based representational modes, for contemplative, expressive and ambiguous registers of visual and aural inquiry. The iterative studio practice is composed of a range of moving image experiments and approaches, including extensive field investigations in locations linked tenuously or specifically to fossil fuel production and consumption. Through research into a variety of cinematic devices, conclusions were reached, which led to the application of creative constraints in the composition of the works. These techniques include, high-speed cinematography, ultra-long or ultra-wide lenses, formal composition and camera movement. The project has been guided by the belief that the sensate realm holds greater political potential for filmmakers than tactics that use didactic means to tell a 'story' about the crisis. Thus, the project has explored in some detail the concepts of affect and sensation, through the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze. In addition, it locates theoretical provocations that have contributed to my thinking and making, with the objective to reveal the political potential of grief (Judith Butler) and the 'politics implicit in aesthetics' (Jacques Ranciere). Ranciere's notion of the invisible becoming visible at a moment of rupture and Butler's argument configured by Levinasian ethics and her post-9/11 experiences of living in the United States have been important influences. Writers and thinkers whose discourses are focussed on the subject of the ecological crisis situate the subject historically with the help of Felix Guattari's transversal 'ecosophy,' while Timothy Morton's 'Ecological Thought' and Jane Bennett's 'vital materialist' positions are enlisted as methods for reflecting on the 'uncanny' experience of living in a time of ecological emergency. From the position of thinking through the poetic and political potential of art, Cinematic Affect in a Time of Ecological Emergency has turned to Robert Smithson, Agnes Denes and Buster Simpson. Chantal Akerman, Chris Marker and Werner Herzog provided insights into essayist modes of cinema through their distinct methods of practice. Chris Welsby's and Richard Mosse's films and installations are reviewed in relation to their capacity to extract the invisible and make it seeable through the material. The creative outcomes produced during this research are two video works. The first, Crude, is an essayist film that attempts to see and hear some of the elusive signs of anthropogenic climate change in order to make what is invisible, visible, to evoke contemplations on the subject of ecological crisis, through affective cinematic devices. Crude is accompanied by Flight, a series of filmed passenger jet stream or contrails — forming a database of a particular type of human presence and movement. The work seeks to evoke a space of contemplation, uneasiness, and sadness by engaging with the residual and stratified signs of our collective impact on our environment.


We use spatial regression discontinuity analysis to test whether the historical partition of Poland among three empires--Russia, Austria‐Hungary, and Prussia--has a persistent effect on political outcomes in contemporary Poland and to examine the channels of this influence. We find that the main difference in voting across Polish territories attributed by many observers to the legacy of empires is driven by omitted variables. However, empires do have a significant causal effect. The lands that belonged to Prussia (compared with those that belonged to Russia) vote more for anticommunist (post‐Solidarity) parties. This difference is largely explained by the persistent effect of infrastructure built by Prussians at the time of industrialization. The former Austrian lands (compared with former Russian lands) votes more for religious conservatives and for liberals. The difference in the vote for religious conservatives is explained by persistent differences in church attendance driven by vastly different policies of the two empires toward the Catholic Church. Higher support for liberals on the Austrian side is partly explained by a persistent belief in democracy, which is a legacy of decentralized democratic governance of the Austrian empire.


Asset Protection in a Limited Swarm Environment Utilizing Artificial Potential Fields Dieter Laskowski Supervising Professor: Dr. Shanchieh Jay Yang Asset protection is a behavior in which a team of robots establishes a formation around a resource marked as an asset in a hostile environment in order to protect the asset from threats. The robots are assumed to be homogeneous and run a decentralized control algorithm and possess a repulsive quality to the threats. Previous works in this area have used centralized control or considered the use of many robots. This work aims at developing an algorithm that is both decentralized, and able to protect assets using only a few robots. In order to provide this behavior an algorithm coined the Asset Guarding Intelligent System (AeGIS), was developed and analyzed. Using AeGIS, each robot will detect an asset move towards it and form a protective formation around it. AeGIS utilizes Quadratic Artificial Potential Fields (QAPFs) as the robot's path planning module. As such the fields are designed to move the robots into formation, avoid collisions, and in turn protect assets. AeGIS is tested using Leviathan — an event-driven simulator designed to test groups of autonomous swarm robots employing distributed control algorithms. The success rate of different variations of AeGIS were tested. Additionally, the number of threats, robots employing AeGIS, and the number and mobility of assets were varied to observe their effect on the success rate. The simulation results show that with sufficient number of robots, the assets, static or mobile are well protected against 20 modeled threats. Through these results it is shown that AeGIS is a solution to the asset protection problem.


We estimate trade costs under large zero trade by using daily data on agricultural goods trade within a country. Because of the nature of daily data, there is prominent zero daily trade between regions, and daily delivery is subject to noisy demand and supply shocks, which tend to create heteroskedasticity in the data. Hence, we use Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) to estimate the gravity model and investigate the nonlinear nature of trade costs. Empirical analysis shows a statistically significant and economically large nonlinearity in trade costs. We also aggregate daily data to the monthly level to examine whether shocks are smoothed which result in dampened impacts. Our estimation shows that the difference is minor. Comparisons of the results with other estimation methods such as the least squares of linear-in-log model and various Tobit procedures are also conducted. There is a large difference in the results between simple least squares and PPML, suggesting significant heteroskedasticity. We also calculate outward and inward multilateral resistance terms to derive the incidence of trade costs and find that a large portion is the buyer's burden.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of aromatic plants (AP);"Origanum onites L. (ORE), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROS) and Schinus molle L. (SHN)" on in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and net energy lactation (NEL) using an in vitro gas-production method. Two rumen-fistulated sheep were used in the experiment. The sheep were fed with 60% of alfalfa hay and 40% of concentrate feed twice daily. Five different levels of ORE, ROS, and SHN were added to the concentrate (CON) to produce 200 mg KM (C - without , AP; 1 - 0.02 mg AP + 198 mg CON; 2 - 0.04 mg AP + 196 mg CON; 3 - 0.06 mg AP + 194 mg CON; 4 - 0.08 mg AP + 192 mg CON; 5 - 0.10 mg AP + 190 mg CON). The volume of gas produced was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after incubation. The results showed that, GP, OMD and NEL contents decreased significantly as the level of ORE, ROS, and SHN added to CON increased. It was concluded that, ORE, ROS, and SHN are potential supplements that alter rumen fermentation. To obtain exact results, the findings obtained under in vitro conditions should be supported by in vivo studies.

 Key words: Ruminant, aromatic plants, feed digestibility, gas production, organic matter digestibility.


Congress regularly enacts legislation providing for redundant administrative programs. For example, there are more than 100 federal programs for surface transportation, 82 programs to ensure teacher quality, 80 programs to promote domestic economic development, and 47 programs to provide employment and job-training services. Recent high-profile legislation – such as the financial-industry reform measure and the health-care reform measure – add new programs without repealing existing ones directed at the same policy goals. Prior academic analyses generally have not considered why Congress pursues redundancy. This Article addresses that question through both theoretical and institutional analysis. The Article first constructs an organizational theory that attributes redundancy in administrative programs to the congressional committee system. Specifically, the Article demonstrates that two critical components of the existing committee system – fragmented jurisdictions and parliamentary prerogatives – systematically bias legislative outcomes in favor of redundancy. Building on leading theoretical accounts of congressional committees from political science, the Article then presents a novel cost-benefit analysis of this tendency toward redundancy. It shows that redundancy allows legislators to increase distributive favors for constituents and interest groups but that redundancy is also linked to the desirable pursuit of informational efficiency. Thus, the institutional structures facilitating redundancy have mixed effects. Consequently, the Article describes and analyzes specific institutional reforms that trade off the distributive costs and the informational benefits associated with redundancy. One approach would subject more legislative decisions to external advisory processes such as that used to close unneeded military facilities. A second and more promising approach would preserve existing committee jurisdictions but would scale back committees' parliamentary prerogatives, thereby encouraging redundancy in program design but discouraging redundancy in program implementation.


It is essential for underground development to understand the failure process of rock subjected to tri-axial compression. Okubo et al. developed a transparent tri-axial vessel made of an acrylic acid resin, and succeeded in observing the failure process of rock specimens in tri-axial compression test. In this study, tri-axial creep tests of Tage tuff were conducted within the transparent vessel.A creep test usually requires longer time than a compression test and it is not feasible to take a photograph continuously at every predetermined time interval. Therefore, in this study, the photographing system was developed which cooperated with the existing loading and measuring apparatuses. This system made it possible to take a series of photographs of a specimen in the tertiary creep region. Photographs taken in a tri-axial test were processed to obtain axial and lateral deformations by the computer program developed in this study.After careful examination of axial and lateral deformations, it was found that the creep strain (axial strain) just before failure was nearly equal to the cross sectional width of the stress-strain curve at the creep stress level, and that not only axial but also lateral strain-rates in the tertiary creep region were inversely proportional to the residual time up to the failure. And it was also found that ratio of the lateral and axial strain increases in the tertiary creep region were similar to those of the tri-axial compression test just after the strength failure point.


Nanoparticles (NPs) resulting from urban road dust resuspension are an understudied class of pollutants in urban environments with strong potential for health hazards. The objective of this study was to investigate the heavy metal and nanoparticle content of PM2.5 generated in the laboratory using novel aerosolization of 66 road dust samples collected throughout the mega-city of Shanghai (China). The samples were characterized using an array of techniques including inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, aerosol size distribution measurements, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy coupled with elemental characterization and electron diffraction. Principal metal concentrations were plotted geospatially. Results show that metals were generally enriched in aerosolized samples relative to the bulk dust. Elevated concentrations of metals were found mostly in downtown areas with intense traffic. Fe-, Pb-, Zn-, and Ba-containing NPs were identified using electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and diffraction, and we tentatively identify most of them as either engineered, incidental, or naturally occurring NPs. For example, dangerous Pb sulfide and sulfate NPs likely have an incidental origin and are also sometimes associated with Sn; we believe that these materials originated from an e-waste plant. Size distributions of most aerosolized samples presented a peak in the ultrafine range (<100 nm). We estimate that 3.2 ± 0.7 μg mg−1 of Shanghai road dust may become resuspended in the form of PM2.5. Aerosolization, as done in this study, seems to be a very useful approach to study NPs in dust.


Although the science of climate change is clear, policy decisions about how to respond to its effects remain contentious. Even when such decisions claim to be guided by objective knowledge, they are made and implemented through political institutions and relationships—and all the competing interests and power struggles that this implies.
Michael Méndez tells a timely story of people, place, and power in the context of climate change and inequality. He explores the perspectives and influence low-income people of color bring to their advocacy work on climate change. In California, activist groups have galvanized behind issues such as air pollution, poverty alleviation, and green jobs to advance equitable climate solutions at the local, state, and global levels. Arguing that environmental protection and improving public health are inextricably linked, Mendez contends that we must incorporate local knowledge, culture, and history into policymaking to fully address the global complexities of climate change and the real threats facing our local communities.


Epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films have been prepared on LaAlO3 crystals by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and by a novel all-alkoxide sol-gel technique. Different out-of-plane lattice parameters are found for the as-prepared films, and scanning electron microscopy shows a more porous structure for sol-gel films as compared to PLD films. These differences are largely removed by post-annealing at 1000 degreesC. Transport measurements show maximum temperature coefficient of resistivity of 8.2 % K-1 at 258 K (PLD) and 6.1% K-1 at 241 K (sol-gel) and colossal magnetoresistance at 7 kOe of 35% at 263 K (PLD) and 32% at 246 K (sol-gel).


Estimated Instability and Breaking of Internal Waves due to Time-dependent Shear Leonardo A. Latorre Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Master of Science The effects of propagation of a short internal gravity wave through an inertia wave on internal wave stability is analyzed and parameterized. The interactions are specifically between a short wave packet and a large inertia wave packet. The short wave packet is a wave bounded with a Gaussian envelope with high frequencies and scales in the hundreds of meters horizontally and tens of meters vertically. The inertia wave packet is also an enveloped wave but with frequencies close to the rotation of the earth and scales in the thousands of meters in the horizontal and hundreds of meters in the vertical. The wave-wave interactions are modeled using ray theory and 2d non-linear numerical models. Ray tracing is used because it is less computationally expensive, however it fails at regions of strong refraction also known as caustics. To measure stability the steepness is calculated from the 2d non-linear methods and it is compared with estimates found in the linear theory. It is determined that the estimates of the short wave steepness from linear theory are qualitatively comparable. A quantifiable comparison, although more difficult, resulted in adjustment factors to the ray tracing results. It is also found that for the particular cases modeled, convective instabilities are predominant and the influence of the shear exerted by the large inertia wave is insignificant. Instability timescales are included in the stability analysis and estimates of overturning and wave-breaking are developed for different wave-wave interactions. From the stability analysis it is found that in general the faster the short wave propagates the more likely it is to conform to both of the conditions required for wave breaking (i.e presence of instabilities and instability timescales longer than the timescale of the short wave).


To the Editor: The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a group of northern Pacific islands in political union with the United States, was exempt from US labor laws until 2007. This exemption attracted business opportunities, which led to a high demand for guest workers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises the US Citizenship and Immigration Services of vaccination requirements for those applying for immigration and work visas before the applications are approved (1). Since 1996, all applicants born after 1957 and >12 months of age have been required to provide evidence of completed vaccination against, or of immunity to, measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. Those unable to provide such evidence must receive at least 1 dose of the vaccines recommended by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices before visa approval. The Committee also advises applicants to receive additional doses of the required vaccines after arrival in the Mariana Islands. We aimed to determine the proportion of CNMI guest workers who were immune to measles and rubella by testing a convenience sample of serum collected during September and October 2006. However, procedures for validating the vaccination status for our sample population are unknown. Given our results, it appears that validation procedures of immunity status in guest workers or immigrants to the United States were suboptimal at the time of this study.

Serum samples from 210 female workers from 17 through 51 years of age were collected opportunistically when, as a requirement for annual contract renewal, the workers came to the Department of Public Health, Saipan, CNMI. Approximately 70% of these guest workers were from the People's Republic of China and the Philippines and were employed in the garment and hospitality industries (2). We estimated that a minimum sample size of 196 would provide a precision estimate of 5% based on an anticipated proportion immune of 85% (actual study size was 210 samples). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Serum samples, with identifying information removed, were shipped to the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia.

Immunoglobulin G against measles and rubella was detected in serum by using Enzygnost ELISAs (Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions. For measles and rubella, samples with optical density (OD) values >0.2 (equivalent to 330 mIU/mL) indicated protective immunity and samples with OD values <0.1 were suggestive of no protection (3). Samples with OD values in the equivocal range (0.1–0.2) were retested, and the repeat result was recorded. Repeat equivocal results were classified as not protected. Data were analyzed by using STATA version 8.2 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Proportions of guest workers immune to measles and rubella, by age group and country of origin, were assessed by Fisher exact test and χ2 statistics.

The proportion of Chinese guest workers immune to measles (115/154, 74.7%) and rubella (131/154, 85.1%) was lower than the proportion immune of all other workers combined (56/56, 100% and 50/56, 89.3%, respectively), but the difference was only significant for measles (Table). When compared with Chinese workers of all other ages, Chinese workers 20–34 years of age were significantly less likely to be protected against measles (69.3% vs. 89.7%; p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in the proportion of guest workers immune to rubella by age group (p = 0.70) or country of origin (p = 0.43).

Table

Proportion of guest workers immune to measles and rubella by ethnicity and age group, Northern Mariana Islands, September–October 2006*

A limitation of our work is that the sample may not be representative of the CNMI guest worker population overall. Only 27% of guest workers in the CNMI are from China, and 43% are from the Philippines (J.-P. Chaine, pers. comm., March 2008), whereas in our study 73% of guest workers were from China, and 23% were from the Philippines. Also, no men were recruited for the study yet men represent 19% of guest workers from China (J.-P. Chaine, pers. comm., March 2008), so our findings should not be extrapolated to this group.

China and the Philippines report 94% and 92% childhood immunization coverage with 1 measles vaccine, respectively (4,5). Similar to other reports of low measles immunity in young adult populations (6), this study identified young adult female workers from China as a group particularly susceptible to measles infection with >25% (39/154) unprotected. Neither country implemented rubella vaccination before 2006, and the immune profile for rubella reflects age-specific seroprevalence for endemic disease; >10% of these women remain susceptible to rubella during their potential childbearing years (7).

More than 8,000 female workers from China were in the CNMI during the period of this survey, and as many as 2,000 may have been susceptible to measles, which would have facilitated sustained transmission if the virus had been introduced. Several studies have shown that unvaccinated persons are clustered geographically or socially and may be at increased risk for measles or rubella outbreaks (8,9). These reports underscore the possible risk of virus spread in populations with low immunity in Saipan.


Beef production can be environmentally detrimental due in large part to associated enteric methane (CH4) production, which contributes to climate change. However, beef production in well-managed grazing systems can aid in soil carbon sequestration (SCS), which is often ignored when assessing beef production impacts on climate change. To estimate the carbon footprint and climate change mitigation potential of upper Midwest grass-finished beef production systems, we conducted a partial life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing two grazing management strategies: 1) a non-irrigated, lightly-stocked (1.0 AU/ha), high-density (100,000 kg LW/ha) system (MOB) and 2) an irrigated, heavily-stocked (2.5 AU/ha), low-density (30,000 kg LW/ha) system (IRG).  In each system, April-born steers were weaned in November, winter-backgrounded for 6 months and grazed until their endpoint the following November, with average slaughter age of 19 months and a 295 kg hot carcass weight.  As the basis for the LCA, we used two years of data from Lake City Research Center, Lake City, MI. We included greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with enteric CH4, soil N2O and CH4 fluxes, alfalfa and mineral supplementation, and farm energy use.  We also generated results from the LCA using the enteric emissions equations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We evaluated a range of potential rates of soil carbon (C) loss or gain of up to 3 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. Enteric CH4 had the largest impact on total emissions, but this varied by grazing system. Enteric CH4 composed 62 and 66% of emissions for IRG and MOB, respectively, on a land basis. Both MOB and IRG were net GHG sources when SCS was not considered. Our partial LCA indicated that when SCS potential was included, each grazing strategy could be an overall sink. Sensitivity analyses indicated that soil in the MOB and IRG systems would need to sequester 1 and 2 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 for a net zero GHG footprint, respectively.  IPCC model estimates for enteric CH4 were similar to field estimates for the MOB system, but were higher for the IRG system, suggesting that 0.62 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 greater SCS would be needed to offset the animal emissions in this case. Key words:  Grass-finishing beef, GHG emissions, Soil organic carbon sequestration Data of the article First received : 30 March 2016 | Last revision received : 28 November 2016 Accepted : 05 December 2016 | Published online : 23 December 2016 URN: nbn:de:hebis:34-2016111451469


Electric potential variations have been recorded from November 1995 to February 1996 and continuously since October 1996 at 14 measurement points on a one km wide ridge separating two lakes in the French Alps. The levels of the lakes vary by several tens of meters on a yearly cycle, inducing stress variations and fluid percolation. At one point, unambiguous variations as large as 120 mV are observed over a year, linearly correlated with the levels of the lakes with a magnitude of 2 mV per meter of water level change. This particular measurement point lies at the edge of a SP anomaly, which supports the presence of a localized zone of ground water flow forced by the lake level, suggesting an electrokinetic mechanism. The observed correlation implies a ζ‐potential of the order of ‐8 mV for a 60 Ωm electrolyte, in agreement with laboratory measurements.


Background: CAVATAKTM is a novel bio-selected oncolytic and immunotherapeutic strain of Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21). In a phase 2 study, intratumoral (i.t.) CVA21 injection of advanced melanoma lesions resulted in increases in tumor immune-cell infiltration, up-regulation of γ-INF response and immune-checkpoint genes, including CD122 which may be a potential prognostic marker for enhanced anti-tumor activity by anti-CTLA-4 blockade strategies. Intratumoral replication of CAVATAK may act as a strong "immune-sequestration signal" to circulating activated T-cells following CTLA-4 blockade. We present the preliminary data of the open-label, Phase Ib MITCI (Melanoma Intra-Tumoral Cavatak and Ipilimumab) study of novel immunotherapy combination Coxsackievirus A21 and ipilimumab in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma. Methods: The Phase Ib MITCI study (NCT02307149) is investigating the efficacy and safety of i.t. CVA21 and i.v. ipilimumab in up to 50 pts with treated or untreated unresectable Stage IIIC-IVM1c melanoma. Pts received up to 3 x 108 TCID50 CVA21 i.t. on study days 1, 3, 5, 8 and 22, and then q3w for a further 6 series of injections. Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) q3w was given as 4 i.v. infusions starting at Day 22. The first response assessment (irWHO) occurred at study Day 106. The primary endpoint was to assess safety of CVA21 in combination with ipilimumab treatment. Results: At present no DLT's have been reported in the 23 pts currently enrolled. Combination treatment has been generally well-tolerated with surprisingly only one Gr 3 or higher treatment-related AE being ipilimumab-related fatigue. The study met its primary statistical futility endpoint of achieving ≥ 4 confirmed objective responses (CR or PR) in the first 12 pts enrolled. Currently, of the first 18 pts eligible for investigator response assessment, the confirmed ORR for the ITT population is 50.0% (9/18), with the ORR for immune checkpoint-naive pts being 60% (6/10) and previous immune checkpoint therapy pts being 38% (3/8). Of note, is the encouraging ORR of 57.1% (4/7 pts) in pts with stage IVm1c disease. The DCR (CR+PR+SD) on the ITT population is currently 78% (14/18) of which 66% of patients have been administered prior systemic therapy(s) with DCR of 100% (7/7) in pts with stage IVm1c disease. All responses were observed by 3.5 mths with complete tumor responses being observed in individual injected and non-injected lesions. Preliminary immune monitoring has indicated that CVA21 + ipilimumab increases the % of activated CD8 and CD4 T-cells with effector and memory phenotypes in the peripheral blood. The greatest increases in activated T cells in the peripheral blood occurred after the third ipilimumab dose. Conclusions: Treatment of pts with CVA21 and ipilimumab has demonstrated durable response with minimal toxicity. The combination immunotherapy treatment has displayed anti-tumor activity in local, visceral and non-visceral lesions. The preliminary ORR rate for the ITT population of 50.0% is higher than published rates for either agent used alone (CVA21: ~28% and ipilimumab :~15-20%) in advanced melanoma patients. Finally, responses are observed in pts with PD following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, suggesting the additive therapeutic benefit of CVA21 with ipilimumab. Citation Format: Brendan Curti, Jon Richards, Sigrun Hallmeyer, Mark Faries, Robert Andtbacka, Greg Daniels, Mark Grose, Darren R. Shafren. The MITCI (Phase 1b) study: A novel immunotherapy combination of intralesional Coxsackievirus A21 and systemic ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients with or without previous immune checkpoint therapy treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT114


A runtime monitor checks a safety property during a program's execution. A parameterized runtime monitor can monitor properties containing free variables, or parameters. For instance, a monitor for the regular expression "close(s)+ read(s)" will warn the user when reading from a stream s that has previously been closed. Parameterized runtime monitors are very expressive, and research on this topic has lately gained much traction in the Runtime Verification community. Existing monitoring algorithms are very efficient. Nevertheless, existing tools provide little support for actually defining runtime monitors, probably one reason for why few practitioners are using runtime monitoring so far.
 In this work we propose the idea of allowing programmers to express parameterized runtime monitors through stateful breakpoints, temporal combinations of normal breakpoints, a concept well known to programmers. We show how we envision programmers to define runtime monitors through stateful breakpoints and parameter bindings through breakpoint expressions. Further, we explain how stateful break- points improve the debugging experience: they are more expressive than normal breakpoints, nevertheless can be evaluated more efficiently. Stateful breakpoints can be attached to bug reports for easy reproducibility: they often allow developers to run directly to the bug in one single step. Further, stateful breakpoints can potentially be inferred from a running debugging session or using property inference and fault localization tools.


The classic explanation for the persistence and volatility of real exchange rates is that they are the result of nominal shocks in an economy with sticky goods prices. A key implication of this explanation is that if goods have differing degrees of price stickiness then relatively more sticky goods tend to have relatively more persistent and volatile good-level real exchange rates. Using panel data, we find only modest support for these key implications. The predictions of the theory for persistence have some modest support: in the data, the stickier is the price of a good the more persistent is its real exchange rate, but the theory predicts much more variation in persistence than is in the data. The predictions of the theory for volatility fare less well: in the data, the stickier is the price of a good the smaller is its conditional variance while in the theory the opposite holds. We show that allowing for pricing complementarities leads to a modest improvement in the theory's predictions for persistence but little improvement in the theory's predictions for conditional variances.


NEI Kolpron Finance is a strong player in the Dutch real estate consultancymarket. NEI Kolpron has a great experience in supporting both public (municipalities, ministry of housing) and private (investors, constructors) parties in the set-up of PPP-structures in various Dutch refurbishment programs, for example in Amsterdam, Utrecht and Maastricht. Internationally NEI Kolpron Finance is active in housingfinance in Central and Eastern Europe. The increase in private initiatives throughout Europe on the sphere of activities that where formerly considered as being etypical publici, fits in the common belief that the government should leave as much as possible to the private sector. For example in the UK we have seen some successful PFI-programs in the construction and operation of infrastructure, prisons and schools. As operating prisons, schools and infrastructure, the execution of refurbishment programs have long been seen as a public responsibility. In most European countries this belief has had dramatic consequences for the living conditions in these disadvantaged areas. It needs no explanation that a governmental organisation is not a property-developer, and therefore has insufficient insight in how to develop high-quality residential areas. This does not mean that refurbishment is not a public responsibility; it is. What is does mean is that when public and private parties join there forces in the execution of refurbishment programs and take advantage of the each strengths, it is possible to achieve positive results. An excellent example of the result of a well-structured co-operation between public and private parties is the refurbishment of the Ceramique-area in Maastricht. Often this combination of problems is the main reason why private investors and property-developers seem to be not interested in these disadvantaged areas, though the geographical location of many of these areas is good compared to the suburbs. For example the [MEATBUURT?] in New York and eDe Pijpi in Amsterdam used to be problem-areas but are nowadays extremely popular. Tackling the problems mentioned can have a great impact on the quality of the neighbourhood. The question is how to get the perpetual motion machine in action. As we haven seen above the problems in disadvantaged areas are not one-dimensional. It has no use to develop new real estate, when the people in the neighbourhood are still the same and still have the same problems. A key success factor is an integral approach in which there is attention for both the ehardwarei-the development of real estate and infrastructure- and thee soft-warei -social support-programs, enhancement of economic infrastructure and extra police-attention. The local government and the (social) housing corporations are primary responsible, so it is best for them to take the lead. But besides the municipality and the (social) housing corporations a broad range of parties should be involved, like local residents, property-developers, investors, charity-organisations, local churches and health-organisations. As stated above the local government and (social) housing corporations should take the lead in the execution of refurbishment-programs. The diversity of parties involved, each with its individual objectives, requires an efficient and decisive organisational structure. In the event that we will be invited to give a lecture on this subject we would like to pay attention to the conditions for a successful PPP, key success factors, threats and points of interest in organising a PPP-structure. In addition to that, we would like to discuss some successful PPP-programs on refurbishment in the Netherlands.


Abstract The September 2007 ash eruption at Oldoinyo Lengai terminated a period of >30 y of relatively quiet extrusion of natrocarbonatite lavas. Ash erupted on the 24th September comprised nuclei of ijolitic phases, surrounded by finer peralkaline, silica-undersaturated material. The mantling material, as well as that forming nucleus-free particles, is dominated by nepheline, Ti-andradite, Na-melilite, combeite and a Na-Ca-phosphate-carbonate with minor amounts of K-Fe-sulphide and Mn-magnetite in a sparse matrix of alkali carbonate. The absence of clinopyroxene precludes this material from being termed either nephelinite or melilitite. We propose that the material represented by the mantles is an extremely undersaturated, peralkaline hybrid magma resulting from interaction between natrocarbonatite and nephelinite.


There is evidence to suggest that synchronised neuronal activity, particularly that in the gamma frequency range (~30–100Hz) might contribute to conscious perception. In this chapter I shall discuss what we know about the mechanisms that underlie the generation of gamma frequency activity and the changes known to occur in diseases such as schizophrenia. Until recently it was difficult to test the role of individual neuronal subtypes in the generation of network oscillations. However, using the newly developed optogenetic techniques (in which cells are genetically modulated to make them responsive to specific wavelengths of light) it should now be possible to directly test the contribution of different neuronal classes to the generation of network oscillations and perhaps, therefore, consciousness.


This research focuses on investigation of context based design for double skin facades, particularly focusing on climatic considerations during the design process. Double skin envelopes are gaining popularity as a successful methodology for controlling thermal building performance and energy loads. However, their performance in different climates is an important design consideration. If properly designed, they create a buffer zone between the internal and external environment, thus reducing necessary cooling and heating loads. There are several key parameters that influence design and performance, but building location and climate should be prevailing considerations. In this study, double skin façade design strategies are investigated for hot and arid, and cold climates. Building envelope performance is investigated by modeling energy performance of different design scenarios.


Aim To explore current risk assessment processes in general practice and Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services, and to consider whether the Galatean Risk and Safety Tool (GRiST) can help support improved patient care.Background Much has been written about risk assessment practice in secondary mental health care, but little is known about how it is undertaken at the beginning of patients' care pathways, within general practice and IAPT services.Methods Interviews with eight general practice and eight IAPT clinicians from two primary care trusts in the West Midlands, UK, and eight service users from the same region. Interviews explored current practice and participants' views and experiences of mental health risk assessment. Two focus groups were also carried out, one with general practice and one with IAPT clinicians, to review interview findings and to elicit views about GRiST from a demonstration of its functionality. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings Variable approaches to mental health risk assessment were observed. Clinicians were anxious that important risk information was being missed, and risk communication was undermined. Patients felt uninvolved in the process, and both clinicians and patients expressed anxiety about risk assessment skills. Clinicians were positive about the potential for GRiST to provide solutions to these problems.Conclusions A more structured and systematic approach to risk assessment in general practice and IAPT services is needed, to ensure important risk information is captured and communicated across the care pathway. GRiST has the functionality to support this aspect of practice.


Self-assembled cages have emerged as novel platforms to explore bio-inspired catalysis. While many different size and shape supramolecular structures are now readily accessible, only a few are proficient catalysts. Here we show that a simple and efficient DFT-based methodology i is sufficient to accurately reproduce experimental binding affinities (MAD = 1.9 kcal mol-1) and identify the catalytic and non-catalytic Diels-Alder proficiencies (>90 % accuracy) of two homologous Pd2L4 metallocages with a variety of substrates. We demonstrate how subtle structural differences in the cage framework affect binding and catalysis, highlighting the critical role of structural dynamics and flexibility on catalytic activity. This flexibility manifests in a smaller transition state distortion energy for the catalytic cage compared to the inactive structure. To facilitate the computational exploration of novel Pd2L4 systems, we introduce an open-source Python module cgbind, which largely automates the screening of novel architectures.


This study was designed to examine two premises: that the morphological "severity" of duodenal ulcers (DU) may influence the incidence of drug mediated healing and the morphological "quality" of healing after curative therapy may influence t he duration of remission. Biopsies taken at endoscopy from five healthy volunteers and from 84 patients suffering from DU were examined by light and electron microscopy. The endoscopic and morphological appearance of the mucosa within 8mm of the DU or scar, before and up to 1 year after therapy with either sucralfate, cimetidine, pirenzipine or misoprostol are described. Irrespective of the mode of therapy or whether the biopsies were from normal, juxta-DU or scar mucosa, specimens could be divided into 2 primary morphological classes: gastric metaplastic and non-metaplastic. Based on the degree of metaplastic differentiation and nonmetaplastic degeneration, these classes were further divided into 4 sub-classes. When correlated with the incidence of healing a nd duration of remission, metaplasia was generally found to be a positive and degenerative nonmetaplasia a negative prognostic criterion. Scores were awarded to primary morphological criteria and weighted to give high total s to favourable (metaplastic) and low totals to non-favourable (degenerative non-metaplastic) prognostic features. The sum of scores expressed as a percentage was termed the morphological index. This proved useful as a means of correlating mucosal morphology with DU healing and duration of remission. It also facilitated comparison of morphology within and between groups of patients before and after each drug regimen. The results showed that the morphological appearance of the ulcerative mucosa influenced healing and remission outcome. Discriminant analysis was applied to the numeric data that described the juxta-DU (group 1) and scar (group 2) morphology of patients treated with cimetidine in 2 studies. Separation between healed and not healed DU was achieved in 92% of group 1 and 100% (remission more or less than 6 months) of group 2. When applied to the juxta-DU data from patients treated with cimetidine in a third study, the formulae predicted correctly in 88% of cases. In addition to predicting outcome, the formulae were used as standards to accommodate for natural variations in the prognosis of individual DU of patients enrolled for comparative drug studies. These data show that morphological analysis may be usefully employed in duodenal ulcer therapy.


Discussing the Current Fiscal Issues of Pakistan we first need to consider the Federal Budget 2015-16, presented in the National Assembly on 5th June 2015. It may be noted that the 'focus of the budget is not on growth; but it is rather on reducing the fiscal deficit'. The total budget is worth Rs.4.451 trillion, which is allocated for the current government activities by focusing on the economic growth and attracting foreign investment in the country, whereas, the budget also focus on the stabilization policy. Although, the common man point of view of the Budget does not provide a relief to the masses, because relief measures which are given in it for common citizen is not really up to the mark. Following points are presented for the policy makers, which need their attention to address the Fiscal Issues of Pakistan: 1. How to Raise the Tax to GDP Ratio. 2. The Level of Security – Related Expenditure. 3. Power Sector Subsidy. 4. Management of Public Debt. 5. Size of the PSDP and Development Priorities. 6. Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization Issues.


Should managers deliberately employ humor to persuade and motivate staff? A framework is presented for analyzing the role of humor in managerial communications. The framework includes the presenter, recipient, message and medium and elaborates cognitive and emotional reactions to humor by recipients. The framework is applied to analyses of the likely impacts of humor in problem solving and creativity. Facilitators and constraints for the effects of humor in managerial communications are discussed.


We present measurements and modeling of the effect of P2O5 doping on the strain sensitivity coefficients of silica fibers. In particular, the Brillouin gain spectrum of a heavily P2O5-doped fiber is measured and investigated at different strains. We provide measurements of the strain-optic coefficient (SOC) and the strain-acoustic coefficient (SAC), obtained to be + 0.139 and + 9854m/sec/e, respectively, both of which are less than the pure silica values. The Pockels' coefficients p11 and p12 for bulk P2O5 are also estimated via Brillouin gain measurements. Using the strain coefficients, the modeled and unique slopes of the Stokes'-shift-versus-strain curves for the four observed acoustic modes in the fiber each lie within 2% of the measured values.


Although experts all over the world have investigated methods for partial discharge (PD) detection and classification for over 50 years, until now there is still no universal method available for this purpose. Even in the future, it would not be possible to define a universal method for unambiguous classification and localization of PD sources in complex insulating systems (e.g. transformers or generators) due to the unlimited variations of PD source type and its location. This paper deals with PD signals obtained by remote radiometric measurements performed on a power transformer. Extensive PD measurements were performed in the substation. Since fingerprints of the remote radiometric measurements are not available, the formation of clusters with similar features obtained from captured PD data is crucial. A data mining technique known as self-organizing map (SOM) for the analysis and interpretation of captured PD data is used. Since each signal contains a large number of samples, before applying the SOM, the dimensionality reduction based on principal component analysis is performed. As a result of a data mining process a clear separation of PDs emanating from a transformer and discharges emanating from its surrounding is achieved


Although the Obama administration has highlighted the need to secure fissile material worldwide, domestic efforts to secure highly enriched uranium (HEU) have been sluggish and uninspired. In the post-9/11 era, the United States has tremendous opportunities not only to better secure its dangerous HEU, but to make money by doing so. The authors write that the United States could create a new HEU surplus by designating that which is unnecessary for military needs; reduce the backlog of retired warheads awaiting dismantlement; increase the rate at which surplus HEU is downblended into low enriched uranium (LEU), a form of uranium unusable for weapons but usable as nuclear fuel; and sell that LEU to nuclear power plants for billions of dollars. The slow pace of downblending HEU in the United States poses a security risk to the population, deprives taxpayers of a needed source of revenue, and sends the wrong message to the global community about the US commitment to combating nuclear terrorism, the authors point out, and developing and implementing a new downblending strategy should be a priority.


Master Eckhart's metaphysics is an idealistic one: Being is not what there is, but only and exclusively what is truthful, i. e. the normativity which reason (God Himself) sets. Further: What is truthful comes about by negation of what there is, because this is itself nothing, pure negation as such. What is truthful is therefore the negation of negation. This is an idealistic thesis which cannot be described as being thomistic, but rather which corresponds to the metaphysics of German Idealism, especially of Fichte. This essay shows that the thesis that Eckhart was thomistic until his Parisian idealistic turn at the beginning of the 14th century is not correct. It argues that Eckhart's metaphysics is unambiguously idealistic, i. e. non-thomistic, and that this is also the case in works which he certainly wrote before the Parisian Questions. This applies especially to the Rede der underscheidunge und the Tractatus super oratione dominica.


Peer grading is an approach increasingly adopted for assessing students in massive on-line courses, especially for complex assignments where automatic assessment is impossible and the ability of tutors to evaluate and provide feedback at scale is limited. Unfortunately, as students may have different expertise, peer grading often does not deliver accurate results compared to human tutors. In this paper, we describe and compare different methods, based on graph mining techniques, aimed at mitigating this issue by combining peer grades on the basis of the detected expertise of the assessor students. The possibility to improve these results through optimized techniques for assessors' assignment is also discussed. Experimental results with both synthetic and real data are presented and show better performance of our methods in comparison to other existing approaches.


Learning latent representations of registered meshes is useful for many 3D tasks. Techniques have recently shifted to neural mesh autoencoders. Although they demonstrate higher precision than traditional methods, they remain unable to capture fine-grained deformations. Furthermore, these methods can only be applied to a template-specific surface mesh, and is not applicable to more general meshes, like tetrahedrons and non-manifold meshes. While more general graph convolution methods can be employed, they lack performance in reconstruction precision and require higher memory usage. In this paper, we propose a non-template-specific fully convolutional mesh autoencoder for arbitrary registered mesh data. It is enabled by our novel convolution and (un)pooling operators learned with globally shared weights and locally varying coefficients which can efficiently capture the spatially varying contents presented by irregular mesh connections. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on reconstruction accuracy. In addition, the latent codes of our network are fully localized thanks to the fully convolutional structure, and thus have much higher interpolation capability than many traditional 3D mesh generation models.


Facebook, like many communication services and social media sites, uses its Terms of Service (ToS) to forbid children under the age of 13 from creating an account. Such prohibitions are not uncommon in response to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which seeks to empower parents by requiring commercial Web site operators to obtain parental consent before collecting data from children under 13. Given economic costs, social concerns, and technical issues, most general–purpose sites opt to restrict underage access through their ToS. Yet in spite of such restrictions, research suggests that millions of underage users circumvent this rule and sign up for accounts on Facebook. Given strong evidence of parental concern about children's online activity, this raises questions of whether or not parents understand ToS restrictions for children, how they view children's practices of circumventing age restrictions, and how they feel about children's access being regulated. In this paper, we provide survey data that show that many parents know that their underage children are on Facebook in violation of the site's restrictions and that they are often complicit in helping their children join the site. Our data suggest that, by creating a context in which companies choose to restrict access to children, COPPA inadvertently undermines parents' ability to make choices and protect their children's data. Our data have significant implications for policy–makers, particularly in light of ongoing discussions surrounding COPPA and other age–based privacy laws.


Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a leading cause of new cases of blindness. The prevalence of diabetic eye disease is expected to continue to increase worldwide as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of people with diabetes. At present, there is no medical treatment to delay or prevent the onset and progression of cataract or retinopathy, the most common causes of vision loss in diabetics. The plant Emblica officinalis (gooseberry) has been used for thousands of years as a traditional Indian Ayurvedic preparation for the treatment of diabetes in humans. Extracts from this plant have been shown to be efficacious against the progression of cataract in a diabetic rat model. Aldose reductase (ALR2) is implicated in the development of secondary complications of diabetes including cataract and, therefore, has been a major drug target for the development of therapies to treat diabetic disease. Herein, we present the bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (β-glucogallin), a major component from the fruit of the gooseberry that displays selective as well as relatively potent inhibition (IC50 = 17 µM) of AKR1B1 in vitro. Molecular modeling demonstrates that this inhibitor is able to favorably bind in the active site. Further, we show that β-glucogallin effectively inhibits sorbitol accumulation by 73% at 30 µM under hyperglycemic conditions in an ex-vivo organ culture model of lenses excised from transgenic mice overexpressing human ALR2 in the lens. This study supports the continued development of natural products such as β-glucogallin as therapeutic leads in the development of novel therapies to treat diabetic complications such as cataract.


Most of the architectural research on photonic implementations of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) has focused on the quantum resources involved in the problem with the implicit assumption that these will provide the main constraints on system scaling. However, the "flying-qubit" architecture of photonic MBQC requires specific timing constraints that need to be met by the classical control system. This classical control includes, for example, the amplification of the signals from single-photon detectors to voltage levels compatible with digital systems; the implementation of a control system which converts measurement outcomes into basis settings for measuring subsequent cluster qubits, in accordance with the quantum algorithm being implemented; and the digital-to-analog converter and amplifier systems required to set these measurement bases using a fast phase modulator. In this article, we analyze the digital system needed to implement arbitrary one-qubit rotations and controlled-not gates in discrete-variable photonic MBQC, in the presence of an ideal cluster state generator, with the main aim of understanding the timing constraints imposed by the digital logic on the analog system and quantum hardware. We have verified the design using functional simulations and have used static timing analysis of a Xilinx field-programmable gate array (7 series) to provide a practical upper bound on the speed at which the adaptive measurement processing can be performed, in turn constraining the photonic clock rate of the system. The design and testing system is freely available for use as the basis of analysis of more complex designs, incorporating more recent proposals for photonic quantum computing. Our work points to the importance of codesigning the classical control system in tandem with the quantum system in order to meet the challenging specifications of a photonic quantum computer.


Bacterial β-glucuronidases expressed by the symbiotic intestinal microbiota appear to play important roles in drug-induced epithelial cell toxicity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For the anticancer drug CPT-11 (irinotecan) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, it has been shown that removal of the glucuronide moieties from drug metabolites by bacterial β-glucuronidases in the GI lumen can significantly damage the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, selective disruption of bacterial β-glucuronidases by small molecule inhibitors alleviates these side effects, which, for CPT-11 {7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]}, can be dose limiting. Here we characterize novel microbial β-glucuronidase inhibitors that inhibit Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase in vitro with Ki values between 180 nM and 2 μM, and disrupt the enzyme in E. coli cells, with EC50 values as low as 300 nM. All compounds are selective for E. coli β-glucuronidase without inhibiting purified mammalian β-glucuronidase, and they do not impact the survival of either bacterial or mammalian cells. The 2.8 Å resolution crystal structure of one inhibitor bound to E. coli β-glucuronidase demonstrates that it contacts and orders only a portion of the "bacterial loop" present in microbial, but not mammalian, β-glucuronidases. The most potent compound examined in this group was found to protect mice against CPT-11–induced diarrhea. Taken together, these data advance our understanding of the chemical and structural basis of selective microbial β-glucuronidase inhibition, which may improve human drug efficacy and toxicity.


The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) has been widely used by wired and wireless Internet applications such as FTP, email and HTTP. Numerous congestion algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of TCP in various scenarios, especially for high bandwidth-delay product (BDP) and wireless networks. Although different algorithms may achieve different performance improvements under different network conditions, designing a congestion algorithm that performs well across a wide spectrum of network conditions remains a great challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel congestion control algorithm, named TCP-FIT, which could perform gracefully in both wireless and high BDP networks. The algorithm was inspired by parallel TCP, but with the important distinctions that only one TCP connection with one congestion window is established for each TCP session, and that no modifications to other layers (e.g. the application layer) of the end-to-end system need to be made. Extensive experimental results obtained using both network simulators as well as over "live" wired line, WiFi and 3G networks at different geographical locations and at different times of the day are presented. The performance of the algorithm shown in the experiment results is significantly improved as compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, while maintaining good fairness.


Copyright 2005. All rights reserved. See www.TheNewAtlantis.com for more information. John Paul II's legacy reaches across many domains of human life. He was a religious shepherd for Catholic believers, a moral leader during the Cold War and after, and a truly modern philosopher who did not accept all the assumptions of modernity. His writings are significant not just for Catholics but for everyone, and not just in the theological realm but in the ethical realm. The New Atlantis asked two leading thinkers—Eastern Orthodox theologian David B. Hart and Lutheran theologian Robert W. Jenson—to consider the significance of John Paul II's Theology of the Body for bioethics and beyond.


This Research Note analyses Hamas's standing after it deserted the "Axis of Resistance" and Damascus, positioning itself in the Sunni coalition against the Assad regime in Syria. The unfulfilled promises of the short Muslim Brotherhood reign in Egypt and the enmity of the new military regime in Cairo have seriously hurt Hamas's political, economic and military interests in the Gaza Strip and isolated it regionally. Hamas leaders lately began negotiations to mend fences with Iran, its former sponsor and its Lebanese ally, Hezbollah. The situation endangers Hamas's internal cohesion, can push it to a violent outburst against Israel or in support of the embattled Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. However, it also possibly offers a window of opportunity to exploit its weakness, Egypt's good will and Tehran's present restraint in order to advance the laborious Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations.


A number of questions regarding programs involving heap-based data structures can be phrased as questions about numeric properties of those structures. A data structure traversal might terminate if the length of some path is eventually zero or a function to remove n elements from a collection may only be safe if the collection has size at least n.
In this thesis, we develop proof methods for reasoning about the connection between heap-manipulating programs and numeric programs. In addition, we develop an automatic method for producing numeric abstractions of heap-manipulating programs. These numeric abstractions are expressed as simple imperative programs over integer variables and have the feature that if a property holds of the numeric program, then it also holds of the original, heap-manipulating program. This is true for both safety and liveness. The abstraction procedure makes use of a shape analysis based on separation logic and has support for user-defined inductive data structures.
We also discuss a number of applications of this technique. Numeric abstractions, once obtained, can be analyzed with a variety of existing verification tools. Termination provers can be used to reason about termination of the numeric abstraction, and thus termination of the original program. Safety checkers can be used to reason about assertion safety. And bound inference tools can be used to obtain bounds on the values of program variables. With small changes to the program source, bounds analysis also allows the computation of symbolic bounds on memory use and computational complexity.


Purpose :  To provide nurse educators how to address the problem of HIV/AIDS in the youth through the concept of prevention strategies Methods : Review articles published during 2005 until 2014 that focused on HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The databases used in this study were EBSCO, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed. Result : HIV knowledge is an important factor influencing HIV risk perceptions and risk behaviors especially among youth.The concept of prevention strategies designed and tested to address risk behavior on young people at every step along their developmental path. Strategies are very important ways for preventing HIV/AIDS, especially in youth. Conclusion : The attributes that characterize the concept of strategies   are:  plan, process, studying different ways, focusing on the greatest need, and analyzing and learning. Although strategies are used in prevention, they are not maximized in Indonesia. The best strategies for the different age groups have not yet been determined. With use of the best strategies, nurse educator can teach nursing students how best to reach youth and other people in the community to prevent HIV.


Partial label learning deals with the problem where each training instance is assigned a set of candidate labels, only one of which is correct. This paper provides the first attempt to leverage the idea of self-training for dealing with partially labeled examples. Specifically, we propose a unified formulation with proper constraints to train the desired model and perform pseudo-labeling jointly. For pseudo-labeling, unlike traditional self-training that manually differentiates the ground-truth label with enough high confidence, we introduce the maximum infinity norm regularization on the modeling outputs to automatically achieve this consideratum, which results in a convex-concave optimization problem. We show that optimizing this convex-concave problem is equivalent to solving a set of quadratic programming (QP) problems. By proposing an upper-bound surrogate objective function, we turn to solving only one QP problem for improving the optimization efficiency. Extensive experiments on synthesized and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art partial label learning approaches.


An extremely important role in modeling shaft - bearing systems, whether it's purely mechanical applications (motors) or medical applications (micro-milling spindles in orthopedics or dentistry), is represented by the bearings. They are the main cause of heat generation in the whole shaft-bearing assemble, but they also bring a major contribution to the radial force of thermal preload, deformations of the shaft or vibrations. Optimization of rotating shafts often gives possibility to adjust the performance but also to increase the service life of the milling tool, as a function of preloading of bearing, which is particularly important in orthopedics due to the overloading of assembly during the surgical act. The forces acting on the bearing, whether of mechanical origin (the force of strain) is due to the thermal effect generated by the friction of the balls on the inner / outer ring and the lubricant used, result in a change in the ball bearing contact angle effect in the overall system analysis. Moreover, dynamically, this angle also changes as a result of external negligible effects that can be considered for a more accurate or neglected model in the case of an approximate model (e.g. centrifugal force, moments, effect gyroscopic, etc.). Advanced graphical interface, calculates the value of the angle on the outer and inner ring, based on the revolution of the axis. The model can be simplified or complicated by giving the user the possibility to include factors that raise the accuracy. This allows you to define the geometric dimensions of the bearing, material constants, the revolution values for which a dynamic analysis is being performed, and graphic display selection of angles as well as export values in tabbed format to be used in other industry-specific applications.