Interactive visualizations add rich, data-based context to online news articles. Geographic maps are currently the most prevalent form of these visualizations. Unfortunately, designers capable of producing high-quality, customized geovisualizations are scarce. We present NewsViews, a novel automated news visualization system that generates interactive, annotated maps without requiring professional designers. NewsViews' maps support trend identification and data comparisons relevant to a given news article. The NewsViews system leverages text mining to identify key concepts and locations discussed in articles (as well as potential annotations), an extensive repository of 'found' databases, and techniques adapted from cartography to identify and create visually 'interesting' thematic maps. In this work, we develop and evaluate key criteria in automatic, annotated, map generation and experimentally validate the key features for successful representations (e.g., relevance to context, variable selection, 'interestingness' of representation and annotation quality).


The accepted wisdom is that combinational circuits must have acyclic (i.e., feed-forward) topologies. Yet simple examples suggest that this is incorrect. In fact, introducing cycles (i.e., feedback) into combinational designs can lead to significant savings in area and in delay. Prior work described methodologies for synthesizing cyclic circuits with Sum-Of-Product (SOP) and Binary-Decision Diagram (BDD)-based formulations. Recently, techniques for analyzing and mapping cyclic circuits based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) were proposed. This article presents a SAT-based methodology for synthesizing cyclic dependencies. The strategy is to generate cyclic functional dependencies through a technique called Craig interpolation. Given a choice of different functional dependencies, a branch-and-bound search is performed to pick the best one. Experiments on benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.


Objectives Meatpacking remains a hazardous and largely unexamined industry. Despite prevention efforts, laceration injuries, among others, remain high. We estimated the magnitude of associations between transient exposures such as equipment malfunction, performing an unusual work task, rushing, and occurrence of laceration injuries. Methods Injured workers were recruited from two pork-processing plants, one in Iowa and one in Nebraska. A telephone interview was conducted within 7 days of the injury, on average to collect information on fixed and transient exposures preceding the injury event. Case-crossover methodology was used to evaluate case and control data within the same subject, thus controlling for between-subject confounding. A Mantel–Haenszel estimator for person-time data was used to estimate the relative risks of injury and transient exposures of interest. Results Of the 362 workers with lacerations between April 2006 and October 2007, 153 (42%) were interviewed (74% male, 41% Hispanic). Forty-eight per cent were injured by a knife or a knife-like object such as scissors or a band saw. Other sources of lacerations included sharp edges and hooks. Tool sharpening was associated with the highest RR of laceration (RR 8.4, 95% CI 5.4 to 12.8) followed by slipping (RR 74.8, 95% CI 30.5 to 183.3), equipment malfunction (RR 3.8, 95% CI 2.8 to 5.3), and performing an unusual task (RR 3.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 5.2). Being tired, distracted, or rushing were not significant risk factors for a laceration. Conclusions Aspects of the physical environment and work practices appear to be significant risk factors for laceration injury in meatpacking. Personal risk factors were less significant in this study.


This research describes a case study from engineering education that explores the potential for integrating Multi-Dimensional (MD) analysis into mixed methods research so that MD analyses can address more specific educational problems. The study investigates a specific problem in civil engineering: the mismatch between students' writing skills and the demands of writing in the workplace. An MD analysis compares a small number of registers of student and practitioner writing, applying the dimensions of variation in English from Biber (1988). Data from interviews with students, faculty, and practitioners are used to interpret the MD findings more fully, assess the importance of the findings, and refine the teaching applications. The two methods together result in a stronger study than either would alone.


ABSTRACT This paper provides a synthetic presentation of French water governance and its evolution since the 1960s. Through this French experience, it discusses the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) water governance cycle showing disputes as the main drivers of change. France has been a pioneer in introducing water river basin management some 50 years ago. It is also noted for its water services management by local authorities, leaving a significant role to private and public companies. But French water governance has not been frozen since the 1960s and continues to change radically within a framework based upon its unique history.


A large portion of substance use disorder recovery research has incorporated the study of mutual-aid 12-Step programs and faith-based programs. However, spirituality as a centerpiece of substance use disorder recovery, as an actionable or operationalized means of transformative change, is not well studied. As many individuals in recovery point to spirituality as the chief means by which they have overcome their substance use disorder, this represents a significant gap in the current literature. Though spirituality is difficult to operationalize and measure, several previous studies have examined aspects of the role of spirituality in the recovery process. This current article puts forth a theoretical framework in which leading articles involving spirituality in recovery are synthesized in order to inform a functional, theoretical model of change that can be utilized in future research design.


Two competing predictions about the effect of status on performance appear in the organizational theory and sociological literatures. On one hand, various researchers have asserted that status improves performance. This line of work emphasizes tangible and intangible resources that accrue to occupants of high-status positions and therefore pictures status as an asset. On the other hand, a second stream of research argues that status instead diminishes performance. This alternative line of work emphasizes complacency and distraction as deleterious processes that plague occupants of high-status positions and thus portrays status as a liability. Which of these two perspectives best characterizes the actual performance of individuals in a competitive setting? And are they in any way reconcilable? In this paper, we summarize these two perspectives and test them in two empirical settings: the Professional Golf Association (PGA) and the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). Using panel data on the PGA Tour, we model golfers' strokes from par in each competition as a function of their status in the sport. Using similar data on NASCAR's Winston Cup Series, we model drivers' speed in the qualifying round as a function of their status in the sport. We find curvilinear effects of status in both contexts. Performance improves with status until a very high level of status is reached, after which performance wanes. This result not only concurs with the view that status brings tangible and intangible resources but also provides empirical support for the contention that status fosters dispositions and behaviors that ultimately erode performance.


We consider the thresholding bandit problem, whose goal is to find arms of mean rewards above a given threshold $\theta$, with a fixed budget of $T$ trials. We introduce LSA, a new, simple and anytime algorithm that aims to minimize the aggregate regret (or the expected number of mis-classified arms). We prove that our algorithm is instance-wise asymptotically optimal. We also provide comprehensive empirical results to demonstrate the algorithm's superior performance over existing algorithms under a variety of different scenarios.


Both thiols and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have great correlations with cancer and other diseases, and hence detection probes for sensing these agents may serve as early diagnostic tools. In this article, we report the development of a dual responsive probe that has the ability to generate two different responses upon reacting with thiols and H2O2 in a highly selective manner. The probe (FLB2SSCou) consists of a coumarin unit and a diboron xanthene spiro isobenzofuran group bridged by a disulfide bond. The detection experiments show that the probe could selectively respond to thiols and H2O2 when screening a substrate library containing 20 amino acids, homocysteine, glutathione, dithiothreitol and H2O2. The initial off state of the probe was a result of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from the coumarin group to the non-fluorescing diboron xanthene spiro isobenzofuran group bridged by a disulfide bond. Reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond leads to the termination of this PET process, thus switching on the fluorescence of the probe. On the other hand, the oxidation of the diboron group by H2O2 converts the non-fluorescing group into a highly fluorescing fluorescein group. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were then performed to explain the PET process, and the obtained results indicate that the PET process occurs from the second excited state (S2) into the first excited state (S1). Finally, imaging and detection experiments of the probe on HeLa cancer cells were conducted by means of the fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry technique. It was observed that the fluorescence of the FLB2SSCou probe could be switched on by endogenous thiols and exogenous H2O2, demonstrating the applicability of this probe in both extracellular and intracellular environments. The present work exhibits the novel development of a dual responsive probe in contrast to commonly reported single responsive fluorescent probes, which may inspire the future design of multiple responsive fluorescent probes.


This study reports two experiments that investigate the edge-tones and domain-specific effects on final lengthening. The study shows that in Cypriot Greek the following occur: (a) lengthening applies primarily on the syllable nucleus not the syllable onset, which suggests variety specific effects of lengthening; (b) lengthening depends on the edge-tones, namely, polar questions trigger more lengthening than statements and wh-questions; (c) lengthening provides support for at least two distinct prosodic domains over the phonological word, the intonational phrase and the intermediate phrase; greater lengthening associates with the first and shorter lengthening with the latter; (d) finally, syllable duration depends on the syllable distance from the boundary, i.e. lengthening locally applies on penultimates and ultimates whereas antepenultimates are affected the least. Additionally, by pointing to the distinct lengthening effects of edge-tones and domain-boundaries, the aforementioned findings highlight the application of different lengthening devices. Keywords: Prosodic structure; preboundary lengthening; edge-tone lengthening; Cypriot Greek


An improved evaluation of nonspecular effects associated with the reflection of Gaussian beams from stratified dielectric media is described. These effects are derived by examining the angular spectrum of the reflected beam rather than its spatial form and by using expansions that are more accurate than those in previous derivations. The results show that, for beams having waist-to-wavelength ratios w/λ > 10, the four previously known nonspecular effects (lateral, focal, and angular beam shifts and beam-waist modification) are changed only slightly, but substantial differences appear in the lateral and angular beam shifts for ratios w/λ < 10. In addition, we find that the magnitude of the reflected-beam peak can be quite different from that given by geometric-optical considerations.


Flattening Filter Free (FFF) photon beams have different dosimetric properties from those of flattened beams. The aim of this study is to evaluate the basic dosimetric properties of a flattening filter free 6 MV photon beam. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed for a 6 MV photon beam based on Varian Clinic 600 unique performance linac operated with/without a flattening filter and dosimetric features including central axis absorbed dose, beam profiles and photon and electron spectra were calculated for flattened and unflattened cases separately. Absolute depth dose calculations showed an increase in dose rate with a factor of more than 2.4 for the unflattened 6 MV photon beam which is dependent on the depth. Percentage Depth Doses (PDDs) values were found to be lower for unflattened beam for all field sizes. The total Scatter Correction Factor (SCP) were found to have less variation with field sizes for unflattened beam indicating that removing of the filter from the beam line can reduce significant amount of head scatter. However surface doses were found to be higher for the unflattened beam due to more contamination electrons and low energy photons in the beam. Our study showed that increase in the dose rate and lower out-of-field dose could be considered as practical advantages for unflattened 6 MV photon beams.


We ask whether Poland is at risk of the boom-bust problem that has afflicted economies around the time of euro adoption. Our answer, inevitably, is mixed. On the one hand the fact that Poland is an outlier, credit-growth wise, accentuates the danger of a boom if one believes in mean reversion. Our econometrics indicate that the fall in interest rates that will flow from expectations of euro adoption will further feed that boom. On the other hand the fact that interest rates have already converged part way to euro-area levels (and more extensively than in earlier adopters that experienced a sharp fall in rates and a pronounced credit boom), especially in the case of lending to firms, suggests that this shock may be less intense in Poland. And it is certainly conceivable that the same policies and country characteristics (not always visible to the econometrician) that have restrained credit growth in the past may continue to do so in the future. The broader literature also points to two set of factors, the first of which makes the danger of an unsustainable credit boom more immediate, the second of which makes it more remote. In the first category are the continuing limitations of the supervisory framework and the weakness of the finance minister in the budget-making process. In the second are a record of rigorous prudential supervision and the existence of relatively competitive labor markets.


ISSUES ADDRESSED
Adolescents under the legal purchase age primarily source their alcohol through social networks. This study assessed the provision context from the perspective of both underage recipients and their suppliers who were older peers and siblings.

METHODS
Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted with 590 risky-drinking (50g alcohol per session, at least monthly) adolescents. Participants of legal purchase age (18-19 year-olds; n=269) reported their provision to 16-17-year-olds under eight scenarios. Those aged 14-17 (n=321) reported receipt of alcohol under the same scenarios plus two parental supply contexts.

RESULTS
Purchase-age participants reported supply: to an underage friend (67%), an acquaintance (44%), or a sibling (16%) to drink at the same party; to a friend (43%) or sibling (20%) to take to another party (20%) and to a stranger near a bottle shop (5%). Supply to a friend at the same party was more likely if money was exchanged (60% vs. 40%; p<0.001). Almost all (98%) 14-17 year-olds reported receiving alcohol from an adult (including 36% from a parent for consumption away from the parent), with a similar pattern of receipt scenarios as those reported by the 18-19 year-olds.

CONCLUSIONS
Provision of alcohol was more frequent with a friend than a sibling or stranger, in close environmental proximity, and if money was exchanged. SO WHAT?: As supply may be sensitive to monetary considerations, the incidence of underage receipt may be affected by community-wide pricing measures. Traditional alcohol availability regulations should be supplemented by strategies relating to the social nature of supply and demand. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This is the story of a South African boy, Peter, who grows to manhood through a hard course of physical and emotional experiences. The scene, a heroic one, is set both on sea and on land. Peter is exposed to the conflicts set up by other characters, chief amongst whom are a dedicated and fanatical whaling captain, a Zulu stoker, a famous white hunter and his daughter. He learns how men can become obsessed by greed and the will to power; and he witnesses the struggle of natural man to come to terms with the demands of contemporary life. Peter's developing relationship with captain and crew; the fury and beauty of the chase; the fanaticism of the two great hunters - these are the leading motifs in Laurens van der Post's stirring narrative. His remarkable knowledge of whaling, and the force of his imagination sounding deeper then leviathan himself, carry the reader irresistibly forwards.


Abstract Sociocultural and dialogic theories of education have identified the need to integrate both pedagogical content and language knowledge into teachers' professional development to promote effective interaction with students about subject content. In this intervention study, a meta-perspective on language was developed to understand how experienced teacher educators (N = 29) conceptualize ongoing language development in professional learning and teaching (referred to as language-developing learning in this study) as part of their pedagogical content knowledge. The data were analysed using content analysis. Language-developing learning was mainly conceived as teacher-oriented professional development. In this process, the language aspect was regarded not only as a tool that applies regulatory and explanatory language but also as a target that connects academic knowledge and interpersonally oriented language. The results increase our awareness of teacher educators' practical knowledge of academic and interpersonal language in specific disciplinary contexts of teacher professional development in higher education.


Background. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are important therapies supported by national and international guidelines for preventing morbidity and mortality from respiratory illnesses in high-risk groups. The responsibility for delivering these vaccinations in the United Kingdom lies with primary care. Little is known about how rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination can be increased in high-risk groups in primary care.
Aim. To research methods of improving rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in high-risk groups in primary care.
Objectives. To investigate the impact of educational interventions for primary care teams on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in high-risk groups.
Method. The research had the following components:
a. Literature search examining current practice and policy in relation to influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and studies undertaken to improve performance, both in general and specifically in relation to improving adult vaccination rates.
b. Pilot study of targeting influenza and pneumococcal vaccination to high-risk groups in a single general practice.
c. Effect of audit and feedback with an information pack to primary care teams on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in primary care: before-and-after multipractice study.
d. Effect of audit and feedback with an information pack to primary care teams, as part of a clinical governance programme, on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in a primary care trust: before-and-after multipractice study.
e. Randomised controlled study of an educational outreach intervention partly nested within primary care trust study with audit, feedback and information (passive dissemination of guidelines and recommendations) directed at primary health care teams compared with audit feedback and information alone using multifaceted interventions to increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in high-risk groups in primary care.
Results. The studies demonstrated significant improvements in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rate in high-risk groups in primary care, showed the levels of improvement that could be expected from these types of intervention and described how primary care teams responded to direct and indirect educational interventions supported by measurement of performance.
Conclusions. Education to multiprofessional teams is an important method for diffusion of innovations in the highly professionalised organisations of primary care and general practice. Educators need to understand the complex nature of primary care organisations and teams, when and how education for teams is likely to be successful, the barriers to implementation of new ideas and how to address these. Education when applied appropriately can have important effects in improving health care. This is more likely to occur when careful assessments are made around the nature of the evidence, clear outcomes are sought and measured and the healthcare intervention is understood from the perspective of the patient, the healthcare team and other stakeholders.


In this article, I examine the ways in which a politics of caste empowerment that became central to democratic politics in much of north India in the early 1990s altered the ways in which the state was popularly imagined. Many people began to perceive state institutions as inherently corrupt sources of political patronage that, having long served to perpetuate upper-caste dominance, could now be used in the same way by a new class of political leaders to empower lower-caste groups. Within this context, corruption was tolerated, sometimes even celebrated, as a means to lower-caste empowerment.


For decades the prevailing view in the United States and many Western countries has been that China does not appropriately respect intellectual property rights. These beliefs lie at the heart of President Donald Trump's current trade war with China. Despite substantial geopolitical debate over differences between American and Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights, and despite the critical effects that such attitudes have on international economic markets and the function of the intellectual property system, empirical evidence of these attitudes is largely lacking. This Article presents original survey and experimental research that explores cross-cultural differences between American and Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights, personal property rights, and real property rights.

The results of the studies are somewhat counter-intuitive. First, Chinese participants are found to have more consistent preferences towards different types of property rights than Americans. In a series of vignettes designed to test attitudes towards patented subject matter, copyrighted subject matter, tangible personal property, and real property, Chinese responses were more consistent and less context driven. Second, Americans do identify a preference for stronger intellectual property rights than Chinese, but only where infringement is committed by a private party for private benefit. Where infringement is conducted for public benefit, whether by a private or a governmental entity, Chinese and Americans tend to have the same attitudes towards intellectual property rights. Third, Americans display a lower regard for intellectual property rights than for tangible property rights in most contexts, a differential that is not echoed in Chinese responses. The distinctions that Americans draw based on the use to which property is put, and between intellectual property and tangible property, is not consistent with the law.

Our experiments reveal that the ongoing debates over Chinese attitudes towards intellectual property rights miss the mark in certain regards. Chinese and American preferences for property rights are more similar than most have assumed, and the manners in which they differ are inconsistent with most proffered theories. These results provide important lessons for the future of international intellectual property rights relations, discourse, and enforcement.


This article considers the broad historical and ideological processes that participate in forming the continuities and discontinuities of Australian egalitarian nationalism. We draw attention to its formation and re-formation in the debates surrounding the so-called Hanson phenomenon. Hansonism refracts the crisis of what we regard as the Australian society of the state in the circumstances of the development of neoliberal policies and the more recent neoconservative turn of the current Howard government. Our argument is directed to exploring the contradictions and tensions in Australian egalitarian thought and practice and its thoroughgoing creative reengagement in contemporary postcolonial and postmodern Australia.


Bent S rensen, one of the world's leading experts in the field of renewable energy systems, explores the current hurdles to the universal adoption of renewable energy sources and proposes solutions to the current situation in this new inspiring work. He discusses the social, political and economic issues that make sustainability seem like such an attainable goal, and explores the ways through which change can be achieved without loss of welfare. Even though the author has written several scientific monographs covering the technical issues behind the energy and social transitions mentioned in this book, and bases his conclusions on solid facts and analysis, S rensen avoids specialist jargon in this text. He therefore addresses scientists and engineers directly involved in sustainable technologies, as well as energy planners and decision makers in industry and government, and also those interested in the direction in which our societies are moving. This book can be a good basis for discussions and debate, whether in academic or in political circles, and may even be used as complementary reading for students in the field of energy generation, implementation, planning, management, markets and policy. * One of the world's leading experts in renewable energy systems looks into economic, social and political factors that influence the current state of renewable energy implementation in the world.* S rensen examines the reasons why reaching 100% renewable and sustainable energy sources might seem like an unattainable goal, and proposes alternative solutions that would allow the world to proceed towards energy sustainability without losing welfare.


The community ecology of birds in mangrove forests at 13 sites in the Darwin region was investigated between February 2008 and April 2009. This study examines the environmental determinants of the community ecology of mangrove birds. A total of 115 bird species representing 43 families were observed. Excluding non-target species, 70 species were recorded at a density of 11.7 ind.ha-1 with eleven mangrove specialists. Large continuous mangrove patches supported fewer species than a combination of several smaller patches. The composition of patches did not comprise nested subsets of bird species, partly because of a seasonal influx from the matrix but also because bird species richness of mangrove patches is highly dependent on the type of habitat in the matrix. Patches surrounded by savanna were species poor, while patches that included monsoon rainforest were relatively species rich. The latter clearly indicates that mangroves contain empty niches, are thus not saturated with bird species and that competition for resources does not play a strong role in structuring the bird community. Null model analysis of non-random assemblage structure (nestedness and species co-occurrence) revealed no deterministic structure to the overall mangrove species assemblage. High bird species richness and density in the mangroves was associated with high plant species richness and abundant, widely available food resources. Overall bird density increased with insect abundance, which varied between seasons and mangrove patches. Insect abundance was highest when mangroves were flowering particularly during the flowering peaks of Bruguiera exarislala and Avicennia marina. In general, partitioning of the available foraging niches was limited resulting in the dominance of the bird assemblage by a few species that are generalists (nectar, insects) and occur at high densities. Consideration of the nature, extent and diversity of the surrounding matrices is vital in managing and conserving mangrove bird communities.


There is an absence in the literature of technology enhanced learning. The missing voices are those of the digitally shy and excluded, who teach and support learning but prioritise face to face practice. Their engagement with virtual environments is often mandated, consisting of uploading lecture notes, creating electronic reading lists or using online submission. Debates around OER, MOOC, social media and flipped learning can be exclusive. They might not have an internet enabled phone, be on Facebook or get Twitter. They are excellent teachers but for a variety of reasons have chosen not to pursue the digital route through choice. This poses a unique challenge in a post digital age. As the use of technology within teaching and learning becomes more of an expectation, and the drivers to engage with digital practices increase, so the learning curve gets steeper for those just starting out on digital paths. With regard to the influences on these academic staff, who don't consider themselves technologically minded, the literature is often written by e-specialists, with research privileging e-learning and the development of student e-literacies, but with less to say about supporting academics to become e-teachers and find ways to adjust to internet enabled teaching practice. This paper reports on the author's doctoral research into attitudes and behaviours of staff who teach and support learning towards their virtual learning environments. This is particularly pertinent at a time when the rationale for flipped learning is rekindling debates around online pedagogies, reminiscent of the early days of e-learning as promoted in the 1997 Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education, chaired by Ron Dearing.

'C&IT will overcome barriers to higher education, providing improved access and increased effectiveness, particularly in terms of lifelong learning. Physical and temporal obstacles to access for students will be overcome with the help of technology. Those from remote areas, or with work or family commitments need not be disadvantaged. Technology will also allow the particular requirements of students with disabilities to be more effectively met by institutions.' (Report of the NCIHE, 1997: 13.4)

The report recommended staff and students receive 'appropriate training and support to enable them to realise its [C&IT] full potential' (NCIHE 1997: 8.9) yet digital divides on campus between the early and later adopters are getting wider. Digital innovation in teaching and learning continues to be led by the few rather than the many. Education may be on the brink of transformation through learning technology but has been on the brink for some time (Laurillard 2008: 1). Digital engagement tends to be self-selecting. Late adopters are less likely to attend digital conferences, read digital educational journals or take part in digital capabilities surveys. As a consequence, they risk not only being invisible but stuck on the edge. The principles of flipped learning offers useful opportunities for revisiting e-learning, e-teaching and e-literacies, for challenging myths of digital competence and filling the uncertain spaces between the theory and practice of learning and teaching online. The challenges is to reach the digitally shy and excluded as well as the digitally confident and experienced.

References

Beetham, H., and Sharpe, R. (2007). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing and delivering e-learning. Routledge.

Laurillard, D. (2008) Digital technologies and their role in achieving our ambitions for education. Inaugural lecture, Institute of Education, University of London, 2008. Available online:http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/628/1/Laurillard2008Digital_technologies.pdf

Laurillard, D. (2012) Teaching as a Design Science: Building Pedagogical Patterns for Learning and Technology. Routledge

NCIHE (1997) Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. HMSO. Available online: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe/

Sharpe, R., Beetham, H, and De Freitas., S. (2010) Rethinking Learning for a digital age: How Learners are Shaping their Own Experiences. Routledge.

Weller, M. (2011)The Digital Scholar; How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice. Bloomsbury

White, D. S. and Le Cornu, A. (2011) Visitors and Residents: A new typology for online engagement by First Monday, Volume 16, Number 9 – 5 September 2011
http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/3171/3049


Adherence to culture of honor is examined in relationship to attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) in Latinos. Prior research suggests that high honor culture adherence may be associated with more tolerance for IPV. In the present study, Latino participants (N = 72) completed questionnaires on culture of honor and attitudes toward various aspects of IPV, including attitudes toward the violence itself, toward the perpetrator, toward the victim, and toward victim help-seeking. High and low reputation threat conditions were depicted in vignettes of IPV to manipulate for honor adherence. Findings suggest that participants who adhere more greatly to culture of honor are more accepting of IPV, more approving of the perpetrator, and less approving of seeking help.


The present paper advocates for the creation of a federated, hybrid database in the cloud, integrating law data from all available public sources in one single open access system - adding, in the process, relevant meta-data to the indexed documents, including the identification of social and semantic entities and the relationships between them, using linked open data techniques and standards such as RDF. Examples of potential benefits and applications of this approach are also provided, including, among others, experiences from of our previous research, in which data integration, graph databases and social and semantic networks analysis were used to identify power relations, litigation dynamics and cross-references patterns both intra and inter-institutionally, covering most of the World international economic courts.


There appears to be a growing interest in improving subsurface seismic imaging by increasing spatial sampling as a result of increased receiver and/or source density. Cost-effectively improving spatial sampling, however, requires increased vibrator productivity. Some high-productivity techniques now used in survey operations are slip-sweep and independent simultaneous shooting (ISS). However, there is a debate that such methods should be used only by vibrator groups with short sweeps or single vibrators with long sweeps. Can we remove all in-field signal-to-noise enhancement processes and rely strictly on the seismic processing of high trace-density volumes? This paper focuses on the vibrator itself and determines the vibrator performance when driven by short and long sweeps. The experimental results demonstrate that a minimum sweep length is required to avoid significant degradation in vibrator performance at low frequencies (below 20 Hz). Above 20 Hz, the force power spectra with various sweep lengths r...


Abstract This paper explores the notion of 'innovation spaces' within the UN system, as physical and virtual laboratories for innovation. Using empirical research in a range of innovation labs the authors explore four key questions: what form UN innovation labs have taken, what has motivated their creation, what their aims and objectives are, and what impact they are having. The answers to these questions promote reflection on the future of innovation spaces, particularly an analysis of whether a model of 'siloed' innovation spaces will survive in the humanitarian system. The paper demonstrates the important role that innovation labs play in the UN system, as well as grappling with the challenges they face.


Background/Context In this article, we explore school connectedness for students in a high-poverty urban school. Current approaches to measuring connection conflate behavior and attitudinal measures of connection and rarely explore school connection in urban school settings. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study We examine interpersonal (attitudinal) and institutional (behavioral) connection in the context of an urban high school. We ask, How are affective and behavioral dimensions of school connection related to one another for African American students in a high-poverty urban high school? How does affective and behavioral connection and disconnection play out in the school lives of students? And how is it related to the specifics of the school context? Research Design We surveyed 120 high school students and collected observational and interview data on a subset of 20 case study students at an urban high school. Surveys, observations, and interviews focused on capturing students' interpersonal and institutional connection as well as students' academic achievement and academic identities. Findings Data indicate that in this urban school context, dual dimensions of connectedness (interpersonal connection and institutional connection) operated in different ways for students. Specifically, we describe four connectedness quadrants, highlighting both academic outcomes for students in these quadrants and detailing the ways in which interpersonal and institutional connectedness played out in the context of the school. Students who were connected both interpersonally and institutionally had higher grades and graduation rates. Students who were high on institutional connection but low on interpersonal connection fared next best, and students who were institutionally disconnected were worse off on a variety of outcomes. Students' institutional and interpersonal connection were also deeply tied to aspects of the local school context. Conclusions/Recommendations These findings raise important concerns with respect to using traditional connectedness measures in urban school contexts and suggest the use of more nuanced measures of connectedness in future studies. Findings also suggest that schools play an important role in structuring experiences of connection or disconnection for students.


AbstractFrom Normandy combat veterans, we obtained narrative evidence on the experiences of loss and grief associated with their involvement in the invasion in France, June 6, 1944. Twelve veterans were interviewed in person in Nor-mandy at the time of the 1994 reunion, and 31 were subsequently interviewed by telephone. We present veterans' reports of battle experiences on D-Day and how they believe those experiences were manifest in psychological reactions over the last 50 years. Our analysis of these reports is framed by a theoretical conception that emphasizes the value of developing and communicating story-like constructions, which we refer to as accounts, as a constructive way of psychologically coping with severe stressors and loss over time. Most of the veterans reported lifelong grieving associated with their losses at Normandy. This grief recurred for most on anniversary dates and when thinking of war and death in general. For some, it was manifest in compelling, regular thoughts about the loss of their friends and their firsthand experiences of loss during the D-Day fighting. Many veterans also reported years of depression associated with their war experience. Some indicated that they kept their stories and feelings mostly private over the half century, and only now, around the time of the commemoration, did they open up. Veterans who indicated that they coped best with their trauma over time emphasized the healing power of working on and telling their stories to close others. (Grief Work, Social and Clinical Psy-chology)"These are the fathers we never knew, the uncles we never met, the friends who never returned, the heroes we can never repay."-President Bill Clinton speak-ing at the American cemetery near Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, June 6, 1994."I don't think there's a day that goes by that I don't think and grieve about it. When you think about it, you think it was just yesterday. It's so clear in my mind. I'll never forget."-Normandy combat veteran, age 74, reflecting on his experience during the D-Day invasion.


ABSTRACT The recent interest in multi-functional agricultural landscapes has not been matched with formal assessment of the roles that trees play across the spectrum of ecosystem services (ESs) provided in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A structured literature review (1995–2014) assessed 350 journal articles about provision of one or more ESs by trees on farms and in agricultural landscapes in SSA. This revealed information on 15 ESs from studies in 23 countries covering arid (1% of studies), semi-arid (49%), sub-humid (26%) and humid (24%) agro-ecological zones. The majority of the studies reported provisioning (39%) and supporting (35%) followed by regulating (26%) ESs while studies on cultural services were scarce. Beneficial impacts of trees were dominating (58%), in particular in semi-arid zones where they were associated with enhancing water and nutrient cycling. A decline in some ESs was reported in 15% of the studies, while 28% found no effect of trees. Although the effects of trees were mainly positive, a decline in crop production was noted as a key trade-off against the provisions of ESs, such as modification of microclimate. This highlights the need to manage trade-offs among impacts of trees on ES provision to reduce competition and increase complementarity between trees and crops.


The results of combined field and laboratory analyses carried out in well bedded, partly dolomitized successions of Mesozoic pelagic carbonates outcropping in the Gargano Promontory and Southern Apennines (Italy), revealed that dolomitization can exert opposite roles in modulating fracture density of carbonate successions.The coarsely crystalline dolomites of the Gargano Promontory, which are characterized by planar-S to planar-E textures and some intercrystalline porosity (3.6-18.4%), are less densely affected by stratabound fractures (mostly joints) than the precursor micritic limestones. In contrast, the finer-crystalline, no porous dolomites outcropping in the Southern Apennines, which are dominated by non-planar-A textures, are more densely fractured than the precursor micritic limestones. Therefore, intrinsic textural parameters of dolomites, such as crystal size, texture and porosity played a prominent role in modulating stratabound fracture density. In addition, dolomites of the Gargano Promontory are thicker bedded than the precursor limestone beds due to their diagenetic homogenization, which is enhanced by absence of strongly stylolitized bed surfaces and marly interlayers. This contributed to reduce the overall density of the stratabound fractures formed later.As density of stratabound fractures is considered a prominent factor affecting the large-scale porosity of carbonate rocks, the results of this study provide new insights on how dolomitization may either increase or reduce the quality of fractured reservoirs of geofluids through its multiple controls on density of such fractures.


If you've got a love and passion for photography, and a feel for your camera gear and settings, yet your images still fall short-The Passionate Photographer will help you close that disappointing and frustrating gap between the images you thought you took and the images you actually got. This book will help you determine what you want to say with your photography, then translate those thoughts and feelings into strong images. It is both a source of inspiration and a practical guide, as photographer Steve Simon distills 30 years of photographic obsession into the ten crucial steps every photographer needs to take in order to become great at their passion. Simon's practical tips and advice are immediately actionable-designed to accelerate your progress toward becoming the photographer you know you can be. Core concepts include: - The power of working on personal projects to fuel your passion and vision - Shooting a large and targeted volume of work, which leads to a technical competence that lets your creativity soar - Learning to focus your concentration as you shoot, and move outside your comfort zone, past your fears toward the next great image - Strategies for approaching strangers to create successful portraits - How to edit your own work and seek second opinions to identify strengths and weaknesses, offering opportunities for growth and improvement with a goal of sharing your work with the world - The critical need to follow, see, and capture the light around you Along the way, Simon offers inspiration with "Lessons Learned" culled from his own extensive experience and archive of photojournalism and personal projects, as well as images and stories from acclaimed photographers. If you're ready to be inspired and challenge yourself to take your photography to the next level, The Passionate Photographer provides ideas and creative solutions to transform that passion into images that convey your unique personal vision.


The University of Michigan endometrial carcinoma cell line UM-EC-1 was derived from a poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma of a 66-yr-old white female. Cell cultures were started using both tumor explants and a cell suspension obtained from collagenase-treated tumor tissue. The collagenase-derived cell suspension gave rise to monolayer cultures which grew rapidly from the outset. This subline of UM-EC-1 has now been subcultured more than 50 times. Cells derived from the tumor explants grew more slowly initially, but after a lag phase of 5 to 6 wk, this subline also exhibited rapid logarithmic growth and reached the same growth rate as that of the collagenase-treated cells. The explant subline has been subcultured more than 37 times. The doubling time of both sublines is 24 h under optimal growth conditions. The karyotype of both cell cultures is 43, XX, inv(1)(p32q42), -4, +der(8) t(8;12)(p23.1;q22), del(9)(q11), -13, -13, +t(13;13) (p13;p13), del(18)(q), -19, -22, -22, +t(22;22)(p11;p11). The net result of the chromosome losses and rearrangements was monosomy 4, duplication 8p23.1----qter, deletion 9q11----9qter, duplication 12q22----qter, deletion 18q, and monosomy 19. The t(13;13) and the t(22;22) were dicentric by C-banding. Virtually all of the chromosome changes were stable in multiple passages except that there was mosaicism for chromosome 13. Some cells contained a single copy of 13 and others had t(13;13). The available evidence indicates the t(13;13) is an isochromosome. UM-EC-1 cells produced tumors histologically similar to the original tumor in male, female, and ovariectomized female athymic mice. UM-EC-1 cells express human class I histocompatibility antigens as assessed by binding of antibodies to nonpolymorphic HLA and beta-2-microglobulin antigens. Blood group antigens A and H were absent although the patient is blood type A and these antigens are normally expressed in endometrial glands. A rearrangement involving the region of chromosome nine that carries the ABH locus may be related to the absence of blood group antigen expression by these cells. The E7 membrane antigen, the locus for which resides on the short arm of chromosome 11, was expressed strongly which is consistent with the presence of two intact copies of chromosome 11 in these cells.


How do visitors like to experience art? What makes for an enriching museum visit? The Dallas Museum of Art undertook a groundbreaking seven-year research initiative to answer these questions, examining how people connect with art and identifying preferences and differing behaviors. Ignite the Power of Art publishes these findings and provides a new understanding of museum visitors. It describes how these studies have been used to build attendance, enhance exhibits, and develop new programs such as the Center for Creative Connections, the online Arts Network, and the Late Nights event series, all at the Dallas Museum of Art. Furthermore, the book describes how this research, which goes far beyond traditional demographic data and analyses, has transformed the Museum, unleashing a profound change in institutional thinking and paving the way for sustained innovation. Also included are interviews with community leaders who offer their perspectives and insights on the Dallas Museum of Art's remarkable revitalization.


Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained large interest in the energy sector as a carrier to support clean transportation and green electricity. The potential to use battery storages of electric vehicles as a sink for excess electricity that may result from large integration of wind power, especially in countries like Denmark, is widely discussed and promoted. However, the wide-spread adoption of EVs requires the provision of intelligent grid and EV charging infrastructure. To analyse and understand the amount of EVs that could be integrated in the local distribution grids, within its existing capabilities, is absolutely essential for the system operators to plan and implement the levels of grid reinforcement and intelligence required. This paper investigates the local grid limitations to accommodate large amount of EVs of sizable power ratings in residential areas. The case study applied in this paper uses a detailed secondary distribution grid model in Denmark. Various EV integration scenarios are analysed in this work to understand the network operational flexibility and ruggedness. The simulation results show that level of EV integration varies with the strength of different feeders in the studied network. Simple grid reinforcement measures like adding new feeders in the existing network improves EV penetration levels.


A single droplet impact onto solid surfaces remains a fundamental and challenging topic in both experimental and numerical studies with significant importance in a plethora of industrial applications, ranging from printing technologies to fuel injection in internal combustion engines. Under high-speed impact conditions, additional complexities arise as a result of the prompt droplet splashing and the subsequent violent fragmentation; thus, different flow regimes and a vast spectrum of sizes for the produced secondary flow structures coexist in the flow field. The present work introduces a numerical methodology to capture the multiscale processes involved with respect to local topological characteristics. The proposed methodology concerns a compressible Σ-Υ two-fluid model with dynamic interface sharpening based on an advanced flow topology detection algorithm. The model has been developed in OpenFOAM® and provides the flexibility of dealing with the multiscale character of droplet splashing, by switching between a sharp and a diffuse interface within the Eulerian-Eulerian framework in segregated and dispersed flow regions, respectively. An additional transport equation for the interface surface area density (Σ) introduces important information for the sub-grid scale phenomena, which is exploited in the dispersed flow regions to provide an insight into the extended cloud of secondary droplets after impact on the target. A high-speed water droplet impact case has been examined and evaluated against new experimental data; these refer to a millimetre size droplet impacting a solid dry smooth surface at velocity as high as 150m/s, which corresponds to a Weber number of ~7.6×10^5. At the investigated impact conditions compressibility effects dominate the early stages of droplet splashing. A strong shock wave forms and propagates inside the droplet, where transonic Mach numbers occur; local Mach numbers up to 2.5 are observed for the expelled surrounding gas outside the droplet. The proposed numerical approach is found to capture relatively accurately the phenomena and provide significant information regarding the produced flow structure dimensions, which is not available from the experiment.


Aims: Women have much higher rates of sickness absence than men, but the causes of the difference are not well understood. This study examines whether managers have more lenient attitudes toward women's than toward men's absence, as this might contribute to higher rates of sickness absence among women. Differences between managers and other employees are also assessed. Methods: Vignettes were used to measure attitudes toward the legitimacy of sickness absence. The vignettes consisted of brief case descriptions of individuals considering asking their physicians for sick leave, with information about the medical condition (mainly taken from the descriptions in ICPC-2), occupation and gender. Respondents judged how appropriate sickness absence was in each case. Quota sampling was used, and the effective sample size was 899 managers and 1396 other employees, and each respondent evaluated either four or six vignettes. Generalised ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: The gender of the vignette person had no effect on the managers' evaluations of the appropriateness of sickness absence. Irrespective of the gender of the vignette person, however, managers were generally more restrictive than non-managers. Conclusions: Different attitudes on the part of managers toward sickness absence in men and women do not seem to contribute to gender differences in sickness absence, but managers are generally more restrictive than are non-managerial employees.


Background Kawasaki disease is recognized as the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world. Clinical, epidemiologic, and pathologic evidence supports an infectious agent, likely entering through the lung. Pathologic studies proposing an acute coronary arteritis followed by healing fail to account for the complex vasculopathy and clinical course. Methodology/Principal Findings Specimens from 32 autopsies, 8 cardiac transplants, and an excised coronary aneurysm were studied by light (n=41) and transmission electron microscopy (n=7). Three characteristic vasculopathic processes were identified in coronary (CA) and non-coronary arteries: acute self-limited necrotizing arteritis (NA), subacute/chronic (SA/C) vasculitis, and luminal myofibroblastic proliferation (LMP). NA is a synchronous neutrophilic process of the endothelium, beginning and ending within the first two weeks of fever onset, and progressively destroying the wall into the adventitia causing saccular aneurysms, which can thrombose or rupture. SA/C vasculitis is an asynchronous process that can commence within the first two weeks onward, starting in the adventitia/perivascular tissue and variably inflaming/damaging the wall during progression to the lumen. Besides fusiform and saccular aneurysms that can thrombose, SA/C vasculitis likely causes the transition of medial and adventitial smooth muscle cells (SMC) into classic myofibroblasts, which combined with their matrix products and inflammation create progressive stenosing luminal lesions (SA/C-LMP). Remote LMP apparently results from circulating factors. Veins, pulmonary arteries, and aorta can develop subclinical SA/C vasculitis and SA/C-LMP, but not NA. The earliest death (day 10) had both CA SA/C vasculitis and SA/C-LMP, and an "eosinophilic-type" myocarditis. Conclusions/Significance NA is the only self-limiting process of the three, is responsible for the earliest morbidity/mortality, and is consistent with acute viral infection. SA/C vasculitis can begin as early as NA, but can occur/persist for months to years; LMP causes progressive arterial stenosis and thrombosis and is composed of unique SMC-derived pathologic myofibroblasts.


The recent flurry of sustainable development activity gives researchers an unparalleled opportunity to explore a sweeping societal phenomenon and its complex implications to the firm. This paper addresses the factors that contribute to intrafirm complexity such that they inhibit the execution of sustainable development initiatives. Unlike other papers, this research goes beyond simply analysing the adoption of sustainable development. This paper uses the perspective and actions of individuals to address the barriers that forestall the execution of sustainable development initiatives in the day-to-day operations of the firm. Through the application of the legitimacy judgment cycle, the paper develops nine propositions that address these barriers. Using published case studies for illustration and support, this paper provides researchers propositions that can be studied empirically and provides practitioners managerial implications that can assist in the day-to-day operations of the firm.


Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been justified because they release public funds or save on distortionary taxes. However, the resources saved by a government that does not finance the upfront investment are offset by giving up future revenue flows to the concessionaire. If a PPP can be justified on efficiency grounds, the PPP contract that optimally balances demand risk, userfee distortions and the opportunity cost of public funds has a minimum revenue guarantee and a revenue cap. The optimal contract can be implemented via a competitive auction with reasonable informational requirements. The optimal revenue guarantees, revenue sharing agreements and auction mechanisms are different from those observed in the real world. In particular, the optimal contract duration is shorter in demand states where the revenue cap binds. These results also have implications for budgetary accounting of PPPs, as they show that their fiscal impact resembles that of public provision, rather than privatization.


We study internal migration in Ireland, an aspect of migration that is little-studied. OD Maps have enabled us to characterise aspects of spatial patterns in county to county migration more effectively than with other techniques. We found that internal migration is relatively local, but relatively national for Dublin. Although migration increased between 1851 and 1911, there was a decrease in more local migration. This work explores the origins of trends that would continue for over a century and had a profound effect on the population geography of the island.


Early-life exposure to local financial institutions increases household financial inclusion and leads to long-term improvements in consumer credit outcomes. We identify the effect of local financial markets using congressional legislation that led to large and unintended differences in financial market development across Native American reservations. Individuals who grow up on financially underdeveloped reservations enter formal credit markets later than individuals from financially developed reservations and have persistently worse consumer credit outcomes (10 point lower credit scores and a 4 percentage point increase in delinquent accounts). These differences are equal to the effect of a $6,000 decrease in annual personal incomes. The effects are long-lived: The financial health of individuals who grow up on and leave financially underdeveloped reservations takes more than a decade to converge with those from financially developed reservations.


BACKGROUND
An ophthalmic workforce and infrastructure planning survey was undertaken to provide a valid evidence base for human resource and infrastructure requirements for elimination of avoidable blindness. This is the first time that such an extensive survey has been done in India.

METHODS
Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to all district-level blindness officials and ophthalmology training institutions during April 2002-March 2003. Supplementary data sources were used wherever necessary. Data analysis was done in Stata 8.0. Projections of the existing ophthalmologists and dedicated eye beds were made for the entire country using the mean, median and range for each individual state.

RESULTS
The response rate was 89.3%. More than half the eye care facilities were located in the private sector. Sixty-nine per cent of the ophthalmologists were employed in the private and non-governmental sectors; 71.5% of all dedicated eye beds were managed by these two sectors. Five states (Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) had half the practising ophthalmologists in India. There was a wide disparity in access to ophthalmologists and dedicated eye beds across the country. Using the median to obtain medium projections, it is estimated that there are 9478 practising ophthalmologists and 59 828 dedicated eye beds in India.

CONCLUSIONS
India will be able to meet the requirements for trained ophthalmologists and dedicated eye beds to achieve the goals of Vision 2020. Some states will need special attention. Instead of an across-the-board increase in ophthalmologists and eye beds, regions which are deficient will need to be prioritized and concerted action initiated to achieve an equitable distribution of the available resources.


Background Male nursing students are faced with more challenges in the clinical setting than their female counterparts. The ways in which male nurses are viewed and received by nursing staff and patients have an impact on how they perceive themselves and their role in the profession. These perceptions of self have a significant impact on their self-esteem. This study was conducted to explore the clinical learning experiences of male nursing students at a university during their placement in clinical settings in the Western Cape Province, and how these experiences impacted on their self-esteem. Objectives To describe the learning experiences of male nursing students during placement in clinical settings, and how these impact on their self-esteem. Method A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Three focus group (FG) discussions, consisting of six participants per group, were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted by means of Coliazzi's (1978) seven steps method of qualitative analysis. Study findings The following three major themes were identified: experiences that related to the constraints in the learning environment, the impact on the self-esteem, and the social support of students working in a female-dominated profession. Conclusion Male nurses should be supported in nursing training, as the rate at which males enter the profession is increasing.


Abstract Intrauterine growth is supported by continuous supply of nutrients from mother to the fetus throughout pregnancy therefore preterm birth causes disruption in delivery of nutrients to the fetus. In order to allow growth rate similar to that seen in utero, or avoid extra-uterine growth retardation there should be no interruption in delivery of nutrients from time of birth onwards. Extra-uterine growth retardation is associated with adverse outcomes including chronic lung disease, increased risk to infection and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Provision of appropriate nutritional requirements soon after birth is critical for normal development and growth of preterm infants. Preterm infants are often not able to tolerate volumes of oral feeds that will provide adequate daily requirements for growth within the first week or two of life, therefore parenteral nutrition is often required. Understanding nutritional requirements for preterm infants who require parenteral nutrition is very important. This review discusses the nutritional requirements for preterm infants and parenteral nutrition.


Divination is an important feature of cultures all over the world. While some may still question the efficacy of divination systems, they continue to serve their communities by diagnosing ailments, prescribing healing treatments, and solving problems. Yet despite their universality, there are relatively few comprehensive studies of divination systems. This volume seeks to fill this gap regarding the use of divination in healing. Here some of the world's leading authorities draw on their own fieldwork and participation in ritual to present detailed case studies, demonstrating that divination rituals can have therapeutic effects. As the contributors examine the systems of knowledge that divination articulates and survey the varieties of divinatory experience, they seek to analyze divination as an epistemological system, as a social process, and as a therapeutic endeavor. While some of their findings reinforce traditional assumptions about the importance of social control, spirit relations, and community support in the divination process, the authors place these considerations within new epistemological frameworks that emphasize the use of alternative modes of knowing. In this wide-ranging volume, readers will find coverage of classic Ifa systems; Buddhist-influenced shamanic practices in the former Soviet Union; the reconciliation of Muslim beliefs and divinatory practices in Thailand; Native American divination used in diagnosis; Maya calendrical divination in Guatemala; mediumistic and chicken oracle divination among the Sukuma of Tanzania; Ndembu divination, focusing on the process of collective healing; and divination among the Samburu (Maasai) of Kenya, featuring dialogues from actual healing sessions. Together, these contributions argue for new perspectives on the study of divination that emphasize not only the epistemological roots of these systems but also their multifaceted therapeutic functions. Divination and Healing is a rich source of both data and insight for scholars of ritual, religion, medical anthropology, and the psychology of altered states of consciousness.


This paper focuses on developing a working model for analysing and assessing translation of Qur'anic Idiomatic Phrasal Verbs (QIPVs). It demonstrates that there are two categories of QIPVs: metaphorical and figurative. The former falls under the definition of 'metaphor' and fulfils its two purposes (referential and pragmatic) and three components (object, image, and sense). The latter category does not meet these criteria yet, IS still, semantically non-transparent. Drawing on the speech acts theory and the contrastive analysis approach; the model attends to these two categories from semantic and pragmatic perspectives. The author argues that adequacy of equivalents given to the QIPVs should be determined according to closeness to the intended meaning ascribed by the authoritative exegetical and lexicographical works (tertium comparationis). Semantically speaking, the closeness to denotative meaning should be considered since it reflects the informative level of meaning, and has to be given priority over the other levels of meaning, i.e. expressive and aesthetic. Pragmatically speaking, adequacy should be measured according to faithfulness to connotative meaning. Equivalents provided to QIPVs in a corpus of ten English translations of the Qur'an are closely scrutinised. The results reveal that the majority of equivalents demonstrate semantic deviation, overtranslation, undertranslation, and miscalculation of the intended conversational implicature.


As a part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the "Model of Self" and "Model of Other" scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within the most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that Secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures, and Preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.


This essay, published in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Kansas Blue Sky Law, offers arguments in favor of a significant reallocation of governmental authority over the capital formation activities of businesses. The essay argues that the present system of dual, federal-state control over capital formation is not in the best interests of the citizens that state and federal rulemakers and regulators are obligated to serve. The system is out of balance for a market economy such as ours, due principally to a misallocation of state resources in support of state rules requiring the registration of securities. The solution for this problem is the elimination all of state authority over the registration of securities and the reallocation of state resources to the enforcement of state antifraud provisions. This solution requires both state and federal regulators to alter their past conduct. State regulators must abandon the vigorous and pernicious fight they have waged in their effort to maintain their authority over the registration of securities and, instead, work to achieve a reallocation of scarce state resources to their most efficient use, which is the support of states' enforcement of their antifraud provisions. The Securities and Exchange Commission must abandon its hands-off approach with regard to state authority over registration and use its best efforts to achieve a single, national system regarding the registration of securities.


Although it has been widely accepted that internal customer service quality leads to internal customer satisfaction and in turn external customer satisfaction, relatively little research has focused on the dimensions of internal customer service quality and their differing impacts on internal customer satisfaction. This empirical study identifies six key internal service quality dimensions as perceived by the purchasing department's internal customers: customer intimacy, team-based continuous improvement, communication, reliability/competence, requisition process and tangibles. In addition, this study reveals the following factors. First, customer intimacy is the most influential dimension to achieve both high internal customer service quality and satisfaction. Second, team-based continuous improvement and requisition process are the second and third most important dimensions of service quality but not significantly associated with internal customer satisfaction. Third, conversely, communication is the second most influential dimension for internal customer satisfaction but not with internal customer service quality. Finally, there is a significantly positive association between internal customer service quality and satisfaction. Managerial implications and recommendations are also presented.


A time domain mathematical model is presented for the prediction of heave and pitch motions in regular waves. In the linear model, the fluid forces and moments acting on a vessel are expressed in terms of convolution integrals, thus accounting for fluid memory effects. The required impulse response functions are obtained from transforms of frequency domain data evaluated using a three-dimensional potential flow analysis. These are referenced to both equilibrium and body fixed axis systems. Time domain simulations are performed using equations of motion referenced to both axis systems. Comparisons with frequency domain predictions show that the numerical implementation of the model referenced to a body fixed axis system is more accurate. Subsequently, non-linear incident wave and restoring force/moment contributions are included in the mathematical model referenced to a body fixed axis system. These contributions are accounted for by considering the instantaneous underwater portion of the hull at each time step of the simulation. Predictions obtained from this partly non-linear model, for a range of wave amplitudes, are compared to both linear predictions and experimental results for two merchant ship hull forms.


ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia, using MODIS 250 m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow period. Rice-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season (June–October), followed by a fallow during the rabi season (November–February). These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs, but are suitable for a short -season (≤3 months), low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), black gram, green gram, and lentils. Intensification (double-cropping) in this manner can improve smallholder farmer's incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand croplands. Several grain legumes, primarily chickpea, are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the region. The suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers: (a) rice crop is grown during the primary (kharif) crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season (June–October); (b) same croplands are left fallow during the second (rabi) season or during the south-east monsoon season (November–February); and (c) ability to support low water-consuming, short-growing season (≤3 months) grain legumes (chickpea, black gram, green gram, and lentils) during rabi season. Existing irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season, because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too high. The study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 250 m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series for one year (June 2010–May 2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, using spectral matching techniques (SMTs), and extensive field knowledge. Map accuracy was evaluated based on independent ground survey data as well as compared with available sub-national level statistics. The producers' and users' accuracies of the cropland fallow classes were between 75% and 82%. The overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient estimated for rice classes were 82% and 0.79, respectively. The analysis estimated approximately 22.3 Mha of suitable rice-fallow areas in South Asia, with 88.3% in India, 0.5% in Pakistan, 1.1% in Sri Lanka, 8.7% in Bangladesh, 1.4% in Nepal, and 0.02% in Bhutan. Decision-makers can target these areas for sustainable intensification of short-duration grain legumes.


The development objective of the East Africa Public Health Laboratory Networking Project for Burundi is to establish a network of efficient, high quality, accessible public health laboratories for the diagnosis and surveillance of tuberculosis and other communicable diseases. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) ensure that building designs takes into consideration of the needs of people with disabilities including access point for wheel chairs (including upstairs rooms) as well as provision of special washrooms and rams at the access points; (2) ensure fair and market prices are paid to suppliers commensurate to quality of goods and services rendered; (3) waste collection should be made at least once in 24 hours and it should be done in such a way to minimize nuisance of smell and dust during collection; (4) keep all construction equipment in good operating condition to reduce exhaust emissions; (5) use signage to warn staff and or visitors that are not involved in construction activities of dangerous places; and (6) adopt best transport safety practices with the goal of preventing traffic accidents and minimizing injuries suffered by project personnel and the public.


Ash is not a homogenous product. It is the solid residue of combustion and contains a complex mixture of chemical products. The ash residue resulting from fires varies and is dependent on its source, and burn characteristics such as the temperature of the fire. Ash comprises particles of carbon, soot and trace elements. Ash presents public health risk to people and communities, through direct and indirect ingestion and inhalation. The health effects of ash exposure are not limited to symptoms affecting the eyes, throat and lungs. They can contribute to chronic disease and increase the risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the public health implications of controlled burns in the Darling Escarpment, adjacent to Perth's metropolitan area in Western Australia. Concentrations of metals in unburnt vegetative litter and ash (post burn), stratified by size fraction, were determined to assess the potential mobilisation of metals caused by prescribed burns and the potential public health implications associated with burns. These data can also be used in predictive modelling to ascertain the amount of metals likely to be released per hectare when authorities plan future burns in the area. Ash samples were collected immediately following the fire to capture fine material before it was blown away. The ash samples were separated into size fractions to investigate whether there are differences within each sub sample. Australia's National Environmental Protection Measures were used to establish whether the metal concentrations were above designated thresholds for health and environmental investigation, these being the recognised levels above which metals are deemed to pose a risk to public (or environmental) health. Vegetation and ash samples were collected from three sites immediately after the prescribed burn. Samples were analysed for thirteen (13) metals with nine (9) showing statistically significant increases in concentrations in vegetation as compared to ash. The percentages of metals are higher in ash than in vegetative ground litter. The metals identified are Manganese Vegetation (158.3 ± 89.3 mg/kg), Ash (442.2 ± 462.6 mg/kg); Barium Vegetation (19.4 ± 25.3 mg/kg); Ash (41.8 ± 62.7 mg/kg); Zinc Vegetation (15.3 ± 9.7 mg/kg), Ash (25.6 ± 29.7 mg/kg); Vanadium Vegetation (31.0 mg/kg ± 76.3 mg/kg), Ash (32.2 mg/kg ± 51.0 mg/kg); Copper Vegetation (4.2 ± 1.5 mg/kg), Ash (10.9 ± 9.8 mg/kg); Chromium (Total) Vegetation (8.3 ± 15.6 mg/kg), Ash (9.6 ± 12.4 mg/kg); Lead Vegetation (6.1 ± 8.3 mg/kg), Ash (12.2 ± 8.5 mg/kg); Nickel Vegetation (2.2 ± 2.2 mg/kg), Ash (4.7 ± 4.4mg/kg) and Cadmium Vegetation (0.6 ± 0.9 mg/kg), Ash (0.6 ± 0.9 mg/kg). The ash samples were sieved through three aperture's (2-4 mm, 1-2 mm, <1 mm) to stratify the samples by size fraction and concentrations in all but three of the metals increased as the ash size decreased. It was demonstrated that the level of metal present within the ash samples did not exceed health investigation levels and, with the exception of Manganese, and did not exceed environmental investigations levels. Metals were unlikely to pose a risk if left insitu. However, modelling estimated the volume of metal released and it was determined that metals can pose a subsequent risk if mobilised by wind or water. The likelihood of such mobilisation is high and this finding therefore has public health implications for surrounding communities that are subjected to increases in their exposure to metals, associated with bushfires. The findings from this study contribute to the management of prescribed burns by providing a better understanding of the composition of ash and the effects of potential distribution via aerial deposition or runoff. Data from this study can be used to do predictive modelling of heavy metal mobilisation that may result from burns of similar vegetation environments. This becomes particularly significant where burns are conducted in water catchment areas. Keywords-Smoke, Ash, Prescribed Burn, Heavy metal.


A regional groundwater system may have several areas which are contaminated with organic chemicals. In general, the objective of groundwater management is to supply the demand for water in the most cost-efficient manner, while maintaining the groundwater elevations at an acceptable level. The existence of areas of contamination raises additional concerns about contaminant concentrations in the water supply wells and/or health risk associated with use of well water. An approach is presented for examining the trade-off relationship between plume isolation cost and health risk. The approach presented is most applicable to consideration of prioritizing remedial actions within a region. The management problem is solved in two levels of different scales. First, a mixed integer programming problem is solved at each contamination site to determine optimal pumping locations and rates for local hydraulic gradient control. The second level of optimization is the regional management problem. The regional management problem chooses a combination of local designs in an effort to minimize the potential health risk for a given budget constraint. By varying the available budget, a trade-off curve between plume isolation cost and health risk can be obtained for use in decision making.


Modelling the dynamics of (il)liquidity across assets is an important yet complicated task, especially when considering significant deteriorations of liquidity conditions. Here, we propose a peak-over-threshold method to identify abrupt liquidity drops from limit order book data and we model the time-series of these illiquidity events across multiple assets as a multivariate Hawkes process. This allows us to quantify both the self-excitation of extreme changes of liquidity in the same asset (illiquidity spirals) and the cross-excitation across different assets (illiquidity spillovers). Applying the method to the MTS sovereign bond market, we find significant evidence for both illiquidity spillovers and spirals. The proportion of shocks explained by illiquidity spillovers roughly doubles from 2011 to 2015, suggesting an increased synchronization of extreme illiquidity across assets.


Human donors used in dental, allopathic and osteopathic medical, physical therapy, veterinary and other healthcare-related education programs are preserved using formalin, an aqueous solution of 37% (w/v) formaldehyde (CH2O, CAS no. 50-00-0). During anatomy laboratory sessions, students working with formaldehyde-preserved tissues and instructors demonstrating or observing students as they perform specific dissection or prosection activities are at risk of exposure to formaldehyde and other potentially hazardous components of the preservative solution. While formaldehyde exposure may occur either by inhalation or direct contact with the eyes or skin, the risk of inhalation exposure is particularly high due to the close proximity of embalmed tissue to the breathing zones of the students and instructors.

At room temperature, formaldehyde is a colourless gas; its odour can be detected at concentrations of 0.5–1.0 parts formaldehyde per million parts of air (ppm).1 Acute exposures are associated with irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. Symptoms include tearing of the eyes, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, coughing and wheezing, and they may occur following exposures at concentrations lower than those detectable by the odour of formaldehyde. Prolonged exposure has been associated with mild neurological symptoms, including headaches and dizziness, and genetic damage. The carcinogenicity classification of formaldehyde is based largely on carcinogenicity in the human nasal tract and genotoxicity in human lung and nasal epithelial cells and rodent lung epithelial cells.2 3

Despite the known toxicity of formaldehyde and its potential health effects, anatomists and others have shown little enthusiasm for reducing or replacing the cadaver dissection experience.4 Instead, institutions may increase the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), improve laboratory ventilation and exhaust …


As the number of mobile phone subscriptions has rapidly expanded in developing countries, so too has the use of mobile phones to facilitate small-scale financial transactions around the world. Microfinance experts have recognized these mobile banking services as a means for expanding access to financial services among poor and low-income populations. Innovations over the past few years have proven that mobile network operators and banks can cooperate to create successful business models for mobile banking services. Recognizing this success, this paper further explores the ways in which private sector, public sector, and non-profit sector actors can and should collaborate to meet the financial service needs of the poor through innovations in mobile banking. Case studies from Kenya, the Philippines, the United States, Haiti, and India provide relevant lessons on how these collaborations have succeeded or failed in the past.


Two weeks before admission, he had visited the emergency department (ED) because of the headache. Migraine was diagnosed and ibuprofen had been prescribed. The headache persisted despite NSAID therapy, and the patient returned to the ED 2 days later. At that time, he had upper respiratory tract symptoms and a temperature of 39.4C (102.9F). CT scans of the head without contrast demonstrated pansinusitis with complete opacification of the frontal sinuses and frontal soft tissue swelling. The patient was admitted and given ampicillin/sulbactam intravenously for 3 days.


Modern applications frequently employ sophisticated object-oriented design. In these codes, deep loop nests are often spread across multiple routines. To achieve high performance, such codes rely on compilers to inline routines and optimize loops. Consequently, to effectively interpret performance, transformed loops must be understood in the calling context of transformed routines. *** To understand the performance of optimized object-oriented code, we describe how to analyze optimized object code and its debugging sections to recover its program structure and reconstruct a mapping back to its source code. Using this mapping, we combine the recovered static program structure with dynamic call path profiles to expose inlined frames and loop nests. Experiments show that performance visualizations based on this information provide unique insight into the performance of complex object-oriented codes written in C++. *** This work should be of interest to performance tools developers and, more broadly, application developers who care about performance. It is implemented in Rice University's HPCToolkit, a performance analysis toolkit.


Providing decent, safe, and affordable housing to low- and moderate-income families has been an important public policy goal for more than a century. In recent years there has been a clear shift of emphasis among policymakers from a focus on providing affordable rental units to providing affordable homeownership opportunities. Due in part to programs introduced by the Clinton and Bush administrations, the nation's homeownership rate is currently at an all-time high. Does a house become a home only when it comes with a deed attached? Is participation in the real-estate market a precondition to engaged citizenship or wealth creation? The real estate industry's marketing efforts and government policy initiatives might lead one to believe so. The shift in emphasis from rental subsidies to affordable homeownership opportunities has been justified in many ways. Claims for the benefits of homeownership have been largely accepted without close scrutiny. But is homeownership always beneficial for low-income Americans, or are its benefits undermined by the difficulties caused by unfavorable mortgage terms and by the poor condition or location of the homes bought? Chasing the American Dream provides a critical assessment of affordable homeownership policies and goals. Its contributors represent a variety of disciplinary perspectives and offer a thorough understanding of the economic, social, political, architectural, and cultural effects of homeownership programs, as well as their history. The editors draw together the assessments included in this book to prescribe a plan of action that lays out what must be done to make homeownership policy both effective and equitable. Contributors: Eric S. Belsky, Harvard University; Charles C. Bohl, University of Miami; Rachel G. Bratt, Tufts University; J. Michael Collins, Policy Lab Consulting Group, LLC; Walter Davis, Statistics New Zealand; Mark Duda, Harvard University; Avi Friedman, McGill University; Edward G. Goetz, University of Minnesota; Roberto G. Quercia, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Carolina Katz Reid, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco; Nicolas Retsinas, Harvard University; William M. Rohe, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Michael A. Stegman, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Lawrence J. Vale, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Shannon Van Zandt, Texas AM Harry L. Watson, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill


Numerical simulation is a good method for studying some academic problems in the engineering. Laboratory triaxial tests of composite soil were used widely in order to understand the stress-strain relationship. But the deformation of composite soil in laboratory triaxial tests is difficult to measure in some situation. Numerical simulation on laboratory triaxial test of composite soil with roots is carried out to see how the deformation of composite soil developed under the pressure on the specimen. Drucker-Prager constitutive model was used in the numerical simulation of finite element analysis. The results show that the numerical simulation of finite element method using Drucker-Prager constitutive model is suitable for studying the deformation development of composite soil with roots. The research results are important for understanding the deformation development of laboratory triaxial test of composite soil with roots.


Data has been collected since mankind, but in the recent years the technical innovations enable us to collect exponentially growing amounts of data through the use of sensors, smart devices and other sources. In her lecture Nanda will explore the role of Big Data in urban environments. She will give an introduction to the world of Big Data and Smart Cities, and an assessment of the role that data analytics plays in the current state of the digital transformation in our cities. Examples are given in the field of energy and mobility.


Certain insects and animals such as bees, birds, bats, fish and dolphins possess senses that lie far beyond the realm of human experience. Examples include echolocation, internal navigation systems, and systems based on bioelectricity. In this book Howard C. Hughes tells the story of these "exotic" senses. He tells not only "what" has been discovered but "how" it was discovered -including historical misinterpretations of animal perception that we now view with amusement. The book is divided into four parts: biosonar, biological compasses, electro-perception, and chemical communication. Although it is filled with fascinating descriptions of animal sensitivities - the sonar system of a bat, for example, rivals that of the most sophisticated human-made devices - the author's goal is to explain the anatomical and physiological principles that underlie them. Knowledge of these mnechanisms has practical applications in areas as diverse as marine navigation, the biomedical sciences, and nontoxic pest control. It can also help us to obtain a deeper understanding of more familiar sensory systems and the brain in general. Written in an entertaining, accessible style, the book recounts a tale of wonder that continues today - for who knows what sensory marvels still await discovery or what kind of creatures will provide the insights?


Chronic upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) and superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are becoming increasingly common due to the use of indwelling catheters and implantable central venous access devices. Hypercoagulable syndromes, malignancy, extrinsic compression, and tumor invasion are other causes. Endovascular management of chronic UEDVT and SVCS is accepted as an important first-line treatment given its high overall success rate and low morbidity as compared with medical and surgical treatments. In this case, we present successful management with stenting of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome as a result of chronic thrombosis. A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with SVCS one year ago. Despite the use of warfarin therapy, her symptoms (swelling of the face and both upper extremities) progressively increased. It was thus decided to treat the patient with percutaneous angioplasty and stenting. Details of the occlusion were evaluated with computed tomography and venography. The right femoral vein and right jugular vein were used for the intervention. The occlusion was passed with a Miracle 12-g guidewire. After balloon pre-dilatation, two self-expandable stents were implanted. After stent placement, her clinical symptoms improved and she was discharged without complication.


Introduction: Age determination of an individual from the appearance and fusion of the ossification centers is a well-accepted fact in forensic medicine. Therefore, radiological age which is a cornerstone of age determination is an important feature in personal identification. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Warri Central Government and Oghara Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria using dorso-volar projected normal radiographs of the wrist and elbow joints from randomly selected sample of 224 x-rays (120 males and 104 females aged between 1 year and 21 years). Results: The appearance of the epiphyseal plate of distal radius was seen in age groups 3-4 and 2-3 years, distal ulna in age groups 9–10 and 8–9 years, medial epicondyle at 8–9 and 7-8 years, while head of radius appeared at 6–7 and 5–6 years in males and females respectively. The distal radius fused completely at 18–19 and 17–18 years, distal ulna at 19–20 and 18–19, medial epicondyle fused at 17–18 and 16–17 years, head of radius at 16–17, and 15–16 years for males and females respectively. Conclusion: These findings when compared with other studies, showed wide variations among different population groups. The gender variability and specificity of age determination in a particular population is also important.


[1] A new rheology that explicitly accounts for the subcontinuum anisotropy of the sea ice cover is implemented into the Los Alamos sea ice model. This is in contrast to all models of sea ice included in global circulation models that use an isotropic rheology. The model contains one new prognostic variable, the local structure tensor, which quantifies the degree of anisotropy of the sea ice, and two parameters that set the time scale of the evolution of this tensor. The anisotropic rheology provides a subcontinuum description of the mechanical behavior of sea ice and accounts for a continuum scale stress with large shear to compression ratio and tensile stress component. Results over the Arctic of a stand-alone version of the model are presented and anisotropic model sensitivity runs are compared with a reference elasto-visco-plastic simulation. Under realistic forcing sea ice quickly becomes highly anisotropic over large length scales, as is observed from satellite imagery. The influence of the new rheology on the state and dynamics of the sea ice cover is discussed. Our reference anisotropic run reveals that the new rheology leads to a substantial change of the spatial distribution of ice thickness and ice drift relative to the reference standard visco-plastic isotropic run, with ice thickness regionally increased by more than 1 m, and ice speed reduced by up to 50%.


Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the signaling cascades that they trigger play central roles in diverse developmental processes. We describe the capacity to follow the active state of these signaling pathways in situ. This is achieved by monitoring, with a specific monoclonal antibody, the distribution of the active, dual phosphorylated form of MAP kinase (ERK). A dynamic pattern is observed during embryonic and larval phases of Drosophila development, which can be attributed, to a large extent, to the known RTKs. This specific detection has enabled us to determine the time of receptor activation, visualize gradients and boundaries of activation, and postulate the distribution of active ligands. Since the antibody was raised against the phosphorylated form of a conserved ERK peptide containing the TEY motif, this approach is applicable to a wide spectrum of multicellular organisms.