Repair has visibly come to the fore in recent academic and policy debates, to the point that 'repair studies' is now emerging as a novel focus of research. Through the lens of repair, scholars with diverse backgrounds are coming together to rethink our relationships with the human-made matters, tools and objects that are the material mesh in which organisational life takes place as a political question.
This special issue is interested to map the ways that repair can contribute to organisational models alternative to those centered around growth. In order to explore the politics of repair in the context of organization studies, the papers gathered here investigate issues such as: repair as a specific kind of care and socially reproductive labour; repair as a direct intervention into the cornerstones of capitalist economy, such as exchange versus use value, division of work and property relations; repair of infrastructures and their relation with the broader environment; and finally repair as the reflective practice of fixing the organizational systems and institutional habits in which we dwell.
What emerges from the diversity of experiences surveyed in this issue is that repair manifests itself as both a regime of practice and counter-conduct that demand an active and persistent engagement of practitioners with the systemic contradictions and power struggles shaping our material world.


In the United States, and in Arkansas specifically, unintended and unplanned pregnancies are a significant public health problem. Induced abortion is a potential outcome of any pregnancy, especially unintended pregnancy. Approximately 43% of unintended pregnancies will be terminated via self-induced abortion (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). However, abortion remains a salient, but contentious, public health issue in the United States. State and federal governments continue to pass legislation restricting access to safe, legal abortion suggesting that public opinion supports more restrictive policies. Research examining abortion attitudes typically utilize dichotomous, Prochoice versus Prolife, outcomes. Research assessing the extent to which people's opinions regarding abortion access are more complex, (i.e., people's opinions deviate from strictly prochoice/prolife stances, with more nuanced attitudes towards access to abortion) is lacking. The current study explored the complexity in people's opinions regarding access to safe, legal abortion. Specifically, this study aimed to understand if people have specific circumstances in which they think women should/should not have access to safe, legal abortion. These findings suggest that people's opinions are more complex than simple dichotomous labels allow for.


The time for modern biomass has come. It has long been overshadowed by other, more widely publicized renewable energy technologies such as wind, solar and hydro, and still retains an outmoded image in comparison to its apparently more attractive cousins.The potential for biomass to act as a store of solar energy, and yet to be converted efficiently when required into heat, power, transport fuels and even substitutes for plastics and petrochemicals, is not widely appreciated. The increasing abundance of well-designed, successful bioenergy projects around the world is creating new interest in this renewable, sustainable and low-emission-producing source of energy.The Brilliance of Bioenergy covers all the main resources and technologies, principles, practice, social and environmental issues as well as the economics involved. The book also presents valuable, practical experiences -- both 'how to' and 'how not to' -- in the form of case studies of both small and large-scale projects in both developed and developing countries.The Brilliance of Bioenergy is for those wishing to learn more about biomass, the technologies and the business potential. It will be welcomed by all involved in biomass production, bioenergy utilization, planning and development, and in renewable energies in general, as well as students, academics and researchers in the subject.


This dissertation documents methods for automatic detection and classification of epileptiform transients, which are important clinical issues. There are two main topics: (1) Detection of paroxysmal activities in EEG; and (2) Classification of paroxysmal activities. This machine learning algorithms were trained on expert opinion which was provided as annotations in clinical EEG recordings, which are called "yellow boxes" (YBs). The dissertation describes improved wavelet-based features which are used in machine learning algorithms to detect events in clinical EEG. It also reveals the influence of electrode positions and cardinality of datasets on the outcome. Furthermore, it studies the utility of using fuzzy strategies to obtain better performance than using crisp decision strategies. In the yellow-box detection study, this dissertation makes use of threshold strategies and implementation of ANNs. It develops two types of features, wavelet and morphology, for comparison. It also explores the possibility to reduce input vector dimension by pruning. A full-scale real-time simulation of YB detection is performed. The simulation results are demonstrated using a web-based EEG viewing system designed in the School of Computing at Clemson, called EEGnet. Results are compared to expert marked YBs.


Mitigating the dependence on spurious correlations present in the training dataset is a quickly emerging and important topic of deep learning. Recent approaches include priors on the feature attribution of a deep neural network (DNN) into the training process to reduce the dependence on unwanted features. However, until now one needed to trade off high-quality attributions, satisfying desirable axioms, against the time required to compute them. This in turn either led to long training times or ineffective attribution priors. In this work, we break this trade-off by considering a special class of efficiently axiomatically attributable DNNs for which an axiomatic feature attribution can be computed with only a single forward/backward pass. We formally prove that nonnegatively homogeneous DNNs, here termed $\mathcal{X}$-DNNs, are efficiently axiomatically attributable and show that they can be effortlessly constructed from a wide range of regular DNNs by simply removing the bias term of each layer. Various experiments demonstrate the advantages of $\mathcal{X}$-DNNs, beating state-of-the-art generic attribution methods on regular DNNs for training with attribution priors.


UNLABELLED
Alterations of the serotonergic system due to ecstasy consumption have been extensively documented in recent literature. However, reversibility of these neurotoxic effects still remains unclear. To address this question, PET was performed using the serotonin transporter (SERT) ligand (11)C-(+)-McN5652 in a total of 117 subjects subdivided into 4 groups: actual ecstasy users (n = 30), former ecstasy users (n = 29), drug-naive control subjects (n = 29), and subjects with abuse of psychoactive agents other than ecstasy (n = 29).

METHODS
About 500 MBq (11)C-(+)-McN5652 were injected intravenously. Thirty-five scans were acquired according to a dynamic scan protocol of 90 min using a full-ring whole-body PET system. Transaxial slices were reconstructed using an iterative method. Individual brains were transformed to a template defined earlier. Distribution volume ratios (DVRs) were derived by application of a reference tissue approach for reversible binding. Gray matter of the cerebellum served as reference. SERT-rich brain regions--mesencephalon, putamen, caudate, and thalamus--were selected for the evaluation of SERT availability using volumes of interest predefined in the template.

RESULTS
Compared with drug-naive control subjects, the DVR in actual ecstasy users was significantly reduced in the mesencephalon (P = 0.004) and the thalamus (P = 0.044). The DVR in former ecstasy users was very close to the DVR in drug-naive control subjects in all brain regions. The DVR in polydrug users was slightly higher than that in the drug-naive control subjects in all SERT-rich regions (not statistically significant).

CONCLUSION
Our findings further support the hypothesis of ecstasy-induced protracted alterations of the SERT. In addition, they might indicate reversibility of the availability of SERT as measured by PET. However, this does not imply full reversibility of the neurotoxic effects.


The relationship with patients/users is a
crucial dimension for helping professionals. It is nevertheless mostly analyzed
in its negative connotation, that's to say as a possible cause, for example, of
the burnout syndrome, while very few are research works that take into account
the positive side of the relationship, as a resource more than a problem, and
even fewer are the instruments to measure it. The aim of the present work is
the development and the analysis of the characteristics of a scale to measure
the gratitude expressed by patients perceived by operators and of a scale to
measure the perception of support that gratitude by patients/customers offers
to relieve the fatigue of daily commitment and return significance to their
work. The two scales were developed and then integrated into a questionnaire
including items regarding the negative side of the relationship (exceeding requests
from patients) and the Customer-initiated support scale (Zimmermann
et al., 2011). The questionnaire was filled in by 267 nurses in Piedmont,
Italy. Descriptive analyses on each item, exploratory factor analysis,
Cronbach's alpha, analysis of variance, and bivariate correlations were
conducted. Both scales show a one-factor solution. The independent sample
t-tests highlighted differences between men and women and between people who
have families to care for and people who do not. Bivariate correlations
signalled a positive relationship between both the gratitude scales and the
Customer-initiated support; no relationships are evident with the scale of
exceeding request from patients. A limitation of the work is the dimension of
the sample: a more extensive administration of the questionnaire is currently
in progress that will also permit to more deeply investigate the factorial
structure of the scales. The scales will allow filling a gap in measuring a
central work issue for helping professions.


A whole is worth the sum of its parts. Even the most complex structured bond, credit arbitrage strategy or hedge trade can be broken down into its component parts, and if we understand the elemental components, we can then value the whole as the sum of its parts. We can quantify the risk that is hedged and the risk that is left as the residual exposure. If we learn to view all financial trades and securities as engineered packages of building blocks, then we can analyze in which structures some parts may be cheap and some may be rich. It is this relative value arbitrage principle that drives all modern trading and investment.

 This book is an easy-to-understand guide to the complex world of today's financial markets teaching you what money and capital markets are about through a sequence of arbitrage-based numerical illustrations and exercises enriched with institutional detail. Filled with insights and real life examples from the trading floor, it is essential reading for anyone starting out in trading.

 Using a unique structural approach to teaching the mechanics of financial markets, the book dissects markets into their common building blocks: spot (cash), forward/futures, and contingent (options) transactions. After explaining how each of these is valued and settled, it exploits the structural uniformity across all markets to introduce the difficult subjects of financially engineered products and complex derivatives.

 The book avoids stochastic calculus in favour of numeric cash flow calculations, present value tables, and diagrams, explaining options, swaps and credit derivatives without any use of differential equations.


There are a number of satellites working in the harsh space environment. The charged particles in space may strike the electron devices causing the undesired influences, such as soft errors in memory devices or permanent damage in hardware circuits. Aiming at reliability evaluation of very-large-scale integration circuits implemented in SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays, a fault injection platform is constructed based on the soft error mitigation controller in this study. The authors adopt a 16K-point fast Fourier transformation processor as the design under test (DUT) and inject errors into different positions. The effectiveness of this platform is varied by comparing the results of DUT with Golden data. Compared with the traditional reliability testing techniques, the fault injection method proposed in this study has the advantages of low cost, short test period and low resource consumption. Hence, the proposed fault injection design is suitable for circuits consuming huge resources and large number of repeating tests.


In contemporary dental care an increased number of adult patients are seeking orthodontic treatment. In such adult patients, a combined orthodontic and other specialized therapy often offers the best options for achieving a predictable outcome to solve complex clinical problems. This case report demonstrates a combined therapy with orthodontic and implantprosthodontic treatment in a 26 years old female patient with class II malocclusion, crowding in the maxillary anterior region, cuspid cross bite and loss of first upper premolar and lower first molar. The patient was treated with a straight-wire orthodontic appliance. Active orthodontic treatment was completed in 25 months and an implant supported prosthesis was placed with a single crown in the region of upper first right premolar.We demonstrate that combined orthodontic-implant-prosthodontic treatment can achieve an improved esthetics, occlusion and masticatory function.


This research describes the preparation of membranes with chitosan (CS) as the polymer‐ ic matrix and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as reinforcement. The aim was to evaluate their physical, mechanical and biological properties, and to determine their potential for biomedical use. Membranes were prepared via casting CNC suspensions in CS solution, at CNC concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (w/w) with pure chitosan as a reference. Analysis of membrane properties was performed using several techniques, such as ATR – FTIR, SEM, swelling test, maximum water absorption, dynamical mechanical analysis and in vivo (Winstar rats) biocompatibility and biodegradability assays for biological evaluation. Experimental results established that CNC reduced swelling rates and in‐ creased the maximum water absorption when CNC concentration was higher. Therefore, the presence of CNC in the matrix reduced Young's modulus by approximately 50% in comparison with pure chitosan. All formulations demonstrated biocompatibility and bio‐ degradability values ranged between 4% and 21% in the 30 days after implantation. Based on these results, these membranes may be of use for biomedical applications.


Simple construction, good detection limit1, very low power demand, and simple experimental setup coupled with miniaturization opportunities arising from solid-state format makes ISEs an excellent prospect for integration in autonomous sensing devices and ultimately their integration in large wireless chemo-sensing networks.2,3 Microfluidics, also known as "lab-on-a-chip" is an emerging technology that is changing the future of instrument design. Microfluidics enables small scale fluid control and analysis, allowing developing smaller, more cost-effective, and more powerful systems.4,5,6
We are working on development of miniature devices featuring sensitive yet simple sensors that could enable rapid access to important environmental information from in-situ deployed sensors, and thereby facilitate timely action to minimize the adverse impact of emerging incidents. Our work involves integration of ultra-sensitive yet simple chemical sensors into a microfluidic device that has integrated wireless communications capabilities. Our ultimate objective is to develop a microfluidic chip that will incorporate polymer-based lead-selective solid-state electrodes. We will test the series of developed chips for the best design to accommodate these sensors. Initially, we are targeting lead-selective sensors and their application to the monitoring of drinking and natural water quality.
Our ultimate vision is the development of a microfluidic-based platform with fully integrated screen-printed solid-state ISEs, and the associated reference electrode, which will be suitable for use as a chemo-sensing component in a widely distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) for monitoring the quality of a fresh water system. A key challenge in the realization of this vision is to build in advanced system diagnostics, and particular, sensor status tests using simple electronic signals, in a manner similar to those used in physical transducers.7 In this way, it may be possible to assist in distinguishing sensor malfunction or signal artifacts from real events, even in relatively simple, low cost platforms.


Jane Addams is well known for her leadership in urban reform, social settlements, pacifism, social work, and women's suffrage.The men of the Chicago School are well known for their leadership in founding sociology and the study of urban life.What has remained hidden however, is that Jane Addams played a pivotal role in the development of sociology and worked closely with the male faculty at the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago. By using extensive archival material, Mary Jo Deegan is the first to document Addams's sociological significance and the existence of a sexual division of labor during the founding years of the discipline. As the leader of the women's network, Addams was able to bridge these two spheres of work and knowledge.Through an analysis of the changing relations between the male and female networks, Deegan shows that the Chicago men varied widely in their understanding and acceptance of her sociological though and action.Despite this variation, it was through her work with the men of the Chicago School that Addams left a legacy for sociology as a way of thinking, an area of study, and a methodological approach to data collecting. This previously unexamined heritage of American sociology will be of value to anyone interested in the history of the social sciences, especially sociology and social work, the development of American social thought, the role of professional women, the Progressive Era, and the intellectual contributions of Jane Addams.


A behind-the-scenes look at the rise and fall of "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour" -- the provocative, politically charged program that shocked the censors, outraged the White House, and forever changed the face of television. Decades before "The Daily Show," "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour" proved there was a place on television for no-holds-barred political comedy with a decidedly antiauthoritarian point of view. In this explosive, revealing history of the show, veteran entertainment journalist David Bianculli tells the fascinating story of its three-year network run -- and the cultural impact that's still being felt today. Before it was suddenly removed from the CBS lineup (reportedly under pressure from the Nixon administration), "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour" was a ratings powerhouse. It helped launch the careers of comedy legends such as Steve Martin and Rob Reiner, featured groundbreaking musical acts like the Beatles and the Who, and served as a cultural touchstone for the antiwar movement of the late 1960s. Drawing on extensive original interviews with Tom and Dick Smothers and dozens of other key players -- as well as more than a decade's worth of original research --" Dangerously Funny" brings readers behind the scenes for all the battles over censorship, mind-blowing musical performances, and unforgettable sketches that defined the show and its era. David Bianculli delves deep into this riveting story, to find out what "really" happened and to reveal why this show remains so significant to this day.


Tethered polymer chains that are grafted to a solid substrate by one chain end (polymer brushes) may be distinguished from other anchored polymer layers by the relatively high grafting densities gained. Potential uses of polymer brushes for interfacial modification to regulate interactions between proteins and substrates, such as drug delivery and protein separation, are widely recognized. Therefore, it is important to investigate interactions between proteins and surfaces modified with a polymer brush. In this study, the "grafting-to" method has been used to graft mixed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) brushes onto poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)-modified silicon wafers/glass slides to create controllable protein adsorption/desorption surfaces. Single component PAA and mixed PEG/PAA brushes exhibit an ionic-strength-dependent height transition, indicating the brush's switching capacity. Total Internal Reflectance Fluorescence (TIRF) was used to determine the extent of protein adsorption on the PEG, PAA and mixed PEG/PAA brush surfaces. Both high grafting density PEG and PAA brushes repel proteins. The protein adsorption at equilibrium on mixed PEG/PAA brushes surface is affected by PEG grafting density and the number of monomeric units in PAA chains bonded to the surface. The protein adsorption amounts on the mixed brushes are also adjustable when the ionic strength changes. However, the mechanism for protein adsorption and desorption in this mixed polymer brush system needs further investigation.


Massive blood loss requiring allogenic blood product transfusion has been a major problem during liver resection and transplantation surgery. The transfusion of red blood cell units (RBCs) and plasma has been adversely linked to 1-year survival rates. In a series of 1 803 consecutive cases undergoing hepatic resection surgery, total blood loss and the number of liver segments resected were the only independent predictors of morbidity and mortality. Improved surgical and anaesthetic techniques have resulted in a dramatic reduction of blood product requirements during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and liver resection surgery compared to historical controls. Recent publications report that between 17.5% and 81% of OLT operations and > 90% of hepatic resections can now be performed without red blood cell transfusions. In both groups, reduction in blood transfusions has led to improved outcome. Severe bleeding still occurs in a minority of cases and efforts to define clinical and blood test predictors for major bleeding during liver surgery remain elusive.


The study of the Holy Roman Empire, a medieval state on the territory of modern-day Germany and Central Europe, has attracted generations of qualitative economic historians and quantitative scholars from various fields. Its bordering position between Roman and Germanic legacies, its Carolingian inheritance, and the numerous small states emerging from 1150 onward, on the one hand, are suspected to have hindered market integration, and on the other, allowed states to compete. This has inspired many research questions around differences and communalities in culture, the origin of the state, the integration of good and financial markets, and technology inventions, such the printing press. While little is still known about the economy of the rural population, cities and their economic conditions have been extensively studied from the angles of economic geography, institutionalism, and for their influence on early human capital accumulation. The literature has stressed that Germany at this time cannot be seen as a closed economy, but only in the context of Europe and the wider world. Global events, such as the Black Death, and European particularities, such as the Catholic Church, never stopped at countries' borders. As such, the literature provides an understanding for the prelude to radical changes, such as the Lutheran Reformation, religious wars, and the coming of the modern age with its economic innovations.


The rise of big data in modern research poses serious challenges for data management: Large and intricate datasets from diverse instrumentation must be precisely aligned, annotated, and processed in a variety of ways to extract new insights. While high levels of data integrity are expected, research teams have diverse backgrounds, are geographically dispersed, and rarely possess a primary interest in data science. Here we describe DataJoint, an open-source toolbox designed for manipulating and processing scientific data under the relational data model. Designed for scientists who need a flexible and expressive database language with few basic concepts and operations, DataJoint facilitates multiuser access, efficient queries, and distributed computing. With implementations in both MATLAB and Python, DataJoint is not limited to particular file formats, acquisition systems, or data modalities and can be quickly adapted to new experimental designs. DataJoint and related resources are available at http://datajoint.github.com.


International environmental protection like the combat of global warming exhibits properties of public goods. In the international arena, no coercive authority exists that can enforce measures to overcome free-rider incentives. Therefore decentralized negotiations between individual regions serve as an approach to pursue efficient international environmental protection. We propose a scheme which is based on the ideas of Coasean negotiations and Pigouvian taxes. The negotiating entities offer side-payments to counterparts in order to influence their taxation of polluting consumption. Side-payments, in turn, are self-financed by means of externality-correcting taxes. As we show, a Pareto-efficient outcome can be attained.


Title of thesis: UNDERSTANDING SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE NETWORKS: CASE STUDY EVALUATIONS OF INTEGRATING VISUALIZATIONS AND STATISTICS Robert Gove, Master of Science, 2011 Thesis directed by: Professor Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science Investigators frequently need to quickly learn new research domains in order to advance their research. This thesis presents five contributions to understanding how software helps researchers explore scientific literature networks. (1) A taxonomy which summarizes capabilities in existing bibliography tools, revealing patterns of capabilities by system type. (2) Six participants in two user studies evaluate Action Science Explorer (ASE), which is designed to create surveys of scientific literature and integrates visualizations and statistics. Users found document-level statistics and attribute rankings to be convenient when beginning literature exploration. (3) User studies also identify users' questions when exploring academic literature, which include examining the evolution of a field, identifying author relationships, and searching for review papers. (4) The evaluations suggest shortcomings of ASE, and this thesis outlines improvements to ASE and lists user requirements for bibliographic exploration. (5) I recommend strategies for evaluating bibliographic exploration tools based on experiences evaluating ASE. UNDERSTANDING SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE NETWORKS: CASE STUDY EVALUATIONS OF INTEGRATING VISUALIZATIONS AND STATISTICS


By differential hybridization, three complementary DNAs designated as S3, S2, and SA were isolated, and the corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were differentially expressed between the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. S3 is identical to cytochrome P450 IV A2. SA encoded a protein of 546 amino acid residues, and its carboxyl terminal region had a slight homology to luciferase. No homologous sequence has been reported in S2 sequences. S3 mRNA was about four times more abundantly expressed in the kidneys of 28 -day-old SHR than in those of age-matched WKY rats, but there was no difference at age 16 weeks. A low NaCI diet positively modulated the expression of the S3 gene. S2 mRNA was almost undetectable in the kidneys of 28-day-old WKY rats but was clearly detected in those of age-matched SHR. The expression level of S2 mRNA in the livers of 16-week-old SHR was about five times higher than that of age-matched WKY rats. The expression of S2 mRNA in the livers was modulated by dietary NaCI and captopril. S^ mRNA was more than 10 times more abundantly expressed in the kidneys of SHR than in those of WKY rats from age 4 weeks. With the administration of captopril, the expressions of S^ mRNA in the livers of SHR were positively modulated. Because these three genes are not only differentially expressed between SHR and WKY rats but also related to sodium metabolism or blood pressure control, the identification of these genes may provide important probes to examine the mechanisms of hypertension.


Dramatic stories of corporate crises appear in newspapers and magazines all over the world; one explanation offered by scholars has been that the affected organization suffered (literally) from narcissism. As responsible, ethical, non-narcissistic behavior is claimed to be crucial for management, the purpose of this article is to advance our knowledge about narcissism in organizations by developing an understanding of which organizational work enacts organizations as successful, admired, and unique. The dominant use of narcissism as a pathological condition limits the possibility to learn about organizing processes since it provides simplistic explanations. By introducing the notion of performative narcissism, we re-focus attention from the pathological condition of organizations to potentially pervasive organizational practices. Thus, we see that narcissistic work is a sociomaterial process not limited to organizational borders, but connecting and enrolling people, artifacts, animals, and places into mutually dependent, shifting, and composite assemblages that emerge through practices reproducing the organization as successful and unique.


Using a panel of new firms and their employees, this paper studies the promotion opportunities for older workers within the same firm. Survival analysis suggests that younger employees experience shorter times to promotion than older workers and, therefore, the latter face a smaller likelihood of promotion. Although men are promoted more often than women, empirical results show that women have shorter survival times to promotion than men. Also, previous promotions are stronger determinants of subsequent ones and this finding provides support to the evidence on promotion "fast-tracks".


This now-classic examination of the development of viable political institutions in emerging nations is a major and enduring contribution to modern political analysis. In a new Foreword, Francis Fukuyama assesses Huntington's achievement, examining the context of the book's original publication as well as its lasting importance. "This pioneering volume, examining as it does the relation between development and stability, is an interesting and exciting addition to the literature."--American Political Science Review "'Must' reading for all those interested in comparative politics or in the study of development."--Dankwart A. Rustow, Journal of International Affairs


The Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells is positioned near the centrosome-based microtubule-organizing center (Fig. 1). Secretory cargo moves inward in membrane carriers for delivery to Golgi membranes in which it is processed and packaged for transport outward to the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic dynein motor proteins (herein termed dynein) primarily mediate inward cargo carrier movement and Golgi positioning. These motors move along microtubules toward microtubule minus-ends embedded in centrosomes. Centripetal motility is controlled by a host of regulators whose precise functions remain to be determined. Significantly, a specific Golgi receptor for dynein has not been identified. This has impaired progress toward elucidation of membrane-motor-microtubule attachment in the periphery and, after inward movement, recycling of the motor for another round. Pericentrosomal positioning of the Golgi apparatus is dynamic. It is regulated during critical cellular processes such as mitosis, differentiation, cell polarization, and cell migration. Positioning is also important as it aligns the Golgi along an axis of cell polarity. In certain cell types, this promotes secretion directed to the proximal plasma membrane domain thereby maintaining specializations critical for diverse processes including wound healing, immunological synapse formation, and axon determination.


Abstract. Major variations in global carbon cycling occurred between 62 and 48 Ma, and these very likely related to changes in the total carbon inventory of the ocean-atmosphere system. Based on carbon cycle theory, variations in the mass of the ocean carbon should be reflected in contemporaneous global ocean carbonate accumulation on the seafloor and, thereby, the depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD). To better constrain the cause and magnitude of these changes, the community needs early Paleogene carbon isotope and carbonate accumulation records from widely separated deep-sea sediment sections, especially including the Indian Ocean. Several CCD reconstructions for this time interval have been generated using scientific drill sites in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; however, corresponding information from the Indian Ocean has been extremely limited. To assess the depth of the CCD and the potential for renewed scientific drilling of Paleogene sequences in the Indian Ocean, we examine lithologic, nannofossil, carbon isotope, and carbonate content records for late Paleocene – early Eocene sediments recovered at three sites spanning Ninetyeast Ridge: Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 213 (deep, east), 214 (shallow, central), and 215 (deep, west). The disturbed, discontinuous sediment sections are not ideal, because they were recovered in single holes using rotary coring methods, but remain the best Paleogene sediments available from the central Indian Ocean. The δ13C records at Sites 213 and 215 are similar to those generated at several locations in the Atlantic and Pacific, including the prominent high in δ13C across the Paleocene carbon isotope maximum (PCIM) at Site 215, and the prominent low in δ13C across the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) at both Site 213 and Site 215. The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and the K/X event are found at Site 213 but not at Site 215, presumably because of coring gaps. Carbonate content at both Sites 213 and 215 drops to


Learn how to develop web applications with the Express framework from scratch Overview Exploring all aspects of web development using the Express framework Starts with the essentials Expert tips and advice covering all Express topics In Detail Express.js is a minimal and flexible node.js web application framework, providing a robust set of features for building single and multi-page, and hybrid web applications. It provides a thin layer of features fundamental to any web application, without obscuring features that developers know and love in node.js. "Express Web Application Development" is a comprehensive guide for those looking to learn how to use the Express web framework for web application development. Starting with the initial setup of the Express.js web framework, "Express Web Application Development" helps you to understand the fundamentals of the framework. By the end of "Express Web Application Development", you will have acquired enough knowledge and skills to create production-ready Express apps. All of this is made possible by the incremental introduction of more advanced topics, starting from the very essentials. On the way to mastering Express.js for application development, we teach you the more advanced topics such as routes, views, middleware, forms, sessions, cookies and various other aspects of configuring an Express application. Jade; the recommended HTML template engine, and Stylus; the CSS pre-processor for Express, are covered in detail. Last, but definitely not least, Express Web Application Development also covers practices and setups that are required to make Express apps production-ready. What you will learn from this book Understand the core concepts and objects that make up the Express framework and an Express app Create Jade-based views for Express apps and render them Create routes for an Express app and handle them Serve different kinds of responses and handle various kinds of errors Create dynamic apps using HTML forms, cookies, and sessions Learn about the Jade HTML templating language in detail Learn about the Stylus CSS pre-processor syntax and language in detail Customize and prepare your Express apps to make them production ready Approach "Express Web Application Development" is a practical introduction to learning about Express. Each chapter introduces you to a different area of Express, using screenshots and examples to get you up and running as quickly as possible. Who this book is written for If you are looking to use Express.js to build your next web application, "Express Web Application Development" will help you get started and take you right through to Express' advanced features. You will need to have an intermediate knowledge of JavaScript to get the most out of this book.


Maintenance strategies currently used for commercial building rooftop units (RTU) can be classified into two categories: reactive strategies and proactive strategies. In reactive strategies, maintenance and service is performed only when needed, e.g. when a system is unable to maintain set point. In proactive strategies, maintenance is scheduled at routine intervals to avoid service interruptions regardless of whether the system actually needs it. While these strategies could not be more different, it is unclear which strategy is more optimal. Moreover, whether one strategy is more optimal than the other more than likely depends on the application – contributing to uncertainty. A third category of maintenance has been enabled by automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD) technologies that aims to provide building operators and service providers more detailed information about the actual state of equipment in the field. This third strategy, called condition-based maintenance, aims to optimize service and maintenance decisions throughout the life of equipment based on updated measurements of performance and service costs. In this work, these three types of maintenance strategies are compared using a commercial building simulation model utilizing a fault impact equipment model. Along with comparing different strategies under the same fault scenario, ambient conditions, and loads, optimal maintenance schedules are generated using dynamic programming. Benefits of a condition-based maintenance approach utilizing a suite of AFDD methodologies are highlighted with respect to reducing operating costs.


The thesis provides a deeper understanding of migration flows to high amenity areas using the example of migration to, and from Cornwall. Cornwall is a remote, non-metropolitan county which has been experiencing very strong population growth since the 1970s almost solely due to in-migration. There are several aspects of the project that should contribute to an understanding of internal migration in England and Wales. First, a cohort analysis of migrants brings insights into the migration strategies of in-migrants and out-migrants throughout the period. Using the case of Cornwall allows the examination of migration patterns in a peripheral location where commuting opportunities are limited, and allows comparison with a more accessible rural area, Wiltshire. Secondly, through the creation of a new area type classification the project helps to explore the environmental dimension of migration. The typology is used to investigate the residential patterns of migrants and non-migrants and to test the hypothesis that environmental preferences are significant in the choice by in-migrants of where to live. Finally, The research investigates some pressing issues in Cornwall, issues which are relevant also for other non-metropolitan areas, such as the shortage of affordable housing, the detrimental impact of tourism and poor economic development, and their links with migration. The research focuses especially on labour market problems and housing need, due to their policy relevance. Comparisons between the migrant and non-migrant populations provide the basis for estimating the impacts of migration on the restructuring of labour and housing markets in Cornwall. List of


Abstract We examined the relationships between hemlock distribution and abundance and terrain attributes for the Coweeta Basin in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Field measurements were combined with GIS mapping methods to develop predictive models of abundance and distribution of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (eastern hemlock) and evaluate the co-occurrence of Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay) and Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel). Terrain variables were derived from USGS DEM 30-meter digital maps. Elevation, slope, aspect, terrain shape index, landform, and distance from stream were calculated from field measurements and the digital data. Terrain attributes such as elevation (r2  =  0.97, p < 0.0001), distance to stream (r2  =  0.94, p < 0.0001), and terrain shape index (r2  =  0.61, p  =  0.0015) were good predictors of T. canadensis abundance. Terrain shape index explained 56% of the variation in R. maximum percent aerial cover (r2  =  0.56, p  =  0.005). In the Coweeta Basin, T. canadensis was distributed as few, large trees mostly concentrated in near-stream locations, and it was closely associated with R. maximum. Tsuga canadensis mortality due to Adelges tsugae Annand (hemlock wooly adelgid) will result in a minor decrease in basin-wide basal area, but will substantially reduce near-stream basal area, and will also remove the largest trees in near-stream environments. In similar landscapes across the southern Appalachians, where T. canadensis co-occurs with R. maximum, riparian shading will likely remain unchanged.


Life is definitively purposive and creative. Organisms use genes in controlling their destiny. This book presents a paradigm shift in understanding living systems. The genome is not a code, blueprint or set of instructions. It is a tool orchestrated by the system. This book shows that gene-centrism misrepresents what genes are and how they are used by living systems. It demonstrates how organisms make choices, influencing their behaviour, their development and evolution, and act as agents of natural selection. It presents a novel approach to fundamental philosophical and cultural issues, such as free-will. Reading this book will make you see life in a new light, as a marvellous phenomenon, and in some sense a triumph of evolution. We are not in our genes, our genes are in us.


The ability of riding through the grid disturbances can increase the integration of microgrids into the distribution system. Consequently, a grid-connected microgrid should provide ancillary services such as low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and reactive power support to sustain the power system operations during abnormal grid conditions. The objective of this paper is to propose an LVRT scheme that improves the power quality of the entire microgrid. The developed method is implemented as the controller of the interface voltage-sourced converter (VSC) of a distributed energy resource and consists of primary and secondary control levels. The former includes the cascaded voltage and current control loops and the droop controller, while the latter controls the reactive power injection during the balanced/unbalanced voltage sags/swells. The proposed scheme is developed based on the independent control of each phase and does not require calculation of symmetrical components. Moreover, it can be employed in the VSC control systems with various reference frames and is effective for droop-based grid-connected microgrids with both single-phase and three-phase four-wire configurations. The proposed strategy is implemented using the hierarchical control system and preserves the plug and play capability. Several case studies are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


Neurotransmitter release sites at the presynaptic terminus membrane, known as the active zones (AZs), are surrounded by synaptic vesicle pools and a dense network of five cytomatrix of the active zone (CAZ) proteins. At CNS synapses, Munc13s, RIMs, CAST/ELKS, Bassoon, and Piccolo predominantly form the CAZ scaffold, and together have been shown to promote short- and long-term plasticity by binding to Ca2+ channels and enabling priming and docking of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane. Even though the components of the CAZ are known, how they are exactly assembled opposite postsynaptic specializations is not yet understood.
It has been shown that AZ proteins (AZPs) are transported on 80nm dense-core vesicles called Piccolo/Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs), to synapses in aggregates together with synaptic vesicles. In addition, Golgi-derived AZ precursor vesicles that transport these proteins have been reported to take different paths out of the Golgi and carry only a small subset of AZPs, although how all AZPs reach and generate a complete and functional AZ at the presynaptic terminus is still under investigation. These observations suggest traffic of a range of different transport vesicles, carrying subsets of AZPs to synaptic sites, and indicates that the mechanisms influencing the final assembly of AZPs at the presynaptic terminus may be predetermined as early as their sorting and loading onto transport vesicles at the Golgi.
To address this hypothesis, this study, examines the localization of endogenous AZPs, using super-resolution microscopy, for the first time at Golgi substructures, the soma, and in the developing axons of hippocampal neurons. AZPs are specifically localized at and around their respective Golgi lamella, in a range of signal sizes that correspond to different loaded transport-carrier types, and present low co-localizations, with one another, in developing axons. This distribution signifies the importance of early sorting and loading of preassembled AZP subsets in the soma. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms that dictate the specific localization of CAZ proteins, a detailed study of the nanostructural orientation and organization of AZPs, at different cellular locations, is required, but hampered by the limitations imposed by the use of primary and secondary antibodies. To overcome this technical limitation, I introduce, characterize, and use new full-length second-generation Bassoon constructs that are optimized, with respect to their targeting behavior in neuronal cells, and are endowed with tags that can be detected with very small camelid antibodies, so called nanobodies, for super-resolution imaging.
Bassoon is one of the largest CAZ proteins and among the first AZPs to be incorporated at young synaptic sites. It is known to bind to other AZ proteins
in the CAZ scaffold, and provides structural stability to the CAZ scaffold by downregulating local ubiquitination. This suggests a central role of Bassoon in CAZ scaffold generation. In addition, Bassoon is also the mammalian AZP with the largest cohort of mutant and full-length constructs available, making it an ideal candidate for this study.
STED and FLIM imaging show that full-length Bassoon molecules possess an open and extended conformation at the TGN and are organized 6—20nm from the TGN with neighboring N-termini of molecules in close proximity to each other. Further, these studies show that the first 94 amino acids of Bassoon's N-terminus, but not its myristoylation motif, determines its correct subcellular localization to the TGN, while Bassoon's CC2 domain is sufficient for recruiting the protein to the Golgi. A novel conformation change is observed as the Bassoon molecule travels from the Golgi to synaptic sites, where the molecule appears to lose its extended conformation during trafficking on ChromograninA-positive PTVs, and returns to its extended orientation at synaptic sites. Within these sites, in CAZ scaffold, Bassoon molecules have been previously shown to be oriented with their N-termini extending 80nm into the presynaptic bouton and their C-termini positioned around 50nm from the presynaptic plasma membrane. In this study I show that the N-termini of neighboring Bassoon molecules are organized in close proximities of ≥5nm from each other. This result suggests that the organization of Bassoon molecules within the CAZ scaffold closely resembles triangular dense projections regularly observed in EM images of CNS presynaptic sites. Therefore the orientation and the organization of Bassoon molecules promotes structural stability by inhibiting localized ubiquitination and forms the backbone that other AZPs bind to within the CAZ scaffold.
In conclusion, the data reported here suggest that the orientation and organization of Bassoon molecules plays an important role in promoting local subcellular mechanisms from influencing its localization and sorting at the TGN to providing structural stability to the CAZ scaffold, while its change in conformation on its journey, to the CAZ, highlights the first step in understanding the sequence of mechanisms involved in mammalian AZ assembly and synapse maturation.


This article describes how a Spot Satellite imagery was used to describe and interpret the state of the environment in Chivi Communal Lands (Please note that the satellite imagery used by the author was in full color, but the one which appears in this publication is in black and white due to financial constraints). Various map types and aerial photographs were used as complementary sources of data as well as the alternative for "ground truthing". It was established that the Spot I Satellite imagery clearly picked out various aspects of the environment in Chivi Communal Lands such as silted rivers, over exposed soils, settlements, different terrain types, vegetation, and infrastructure like roads. The imagery can therefore serve as a predictor of the state of the environment at the time it was taken. It can thus serve as a tool for promoting environmental education at school. Through environmental education, we can promote positive and responsible attitudes towards the environment. Environmental education in Zimbabwe is formalized through incorporating environmental concepts and issues in curriculum at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Because satellite remote sensing is increasingly becoming an important tool for environmental surveillance, change detection, and planning in Zimbabwe, teachers at high school and those responsible for teacher training are encouraged to incorporate this technique of describing the environment into their environmental education courses.


A number of Internet applications rely on the Domain Name System (DNS)
to support their operations. Many applications use the DNS to locate
services for a domain; some, for example, transform identifiers other
than domain names into formats that the DNS can process, and then
fetch application data or service location data from the DNS.
Proposals incorporating sophisticated application behavior using DNS
as a substrate have raised questions about the role of the DNS as an
application platform. This document explores the architectural
consequences of using the DNS to implement certain application
features, and it provides guidance to future application designers as
to the limitations of the DNS as a substrate and the situations in
which alternative designs should be considered.


SETTING
Randomised controlled clinical trial of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccination as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients with smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) in Lusaka, Zambia, and Karonga, Malawi.

OBJECTIVE
To explain the difference in mortality between the two trial sites and to identify risk factors for death among HIV-positive patients with TB.

DESIGN
Information on demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic characteristics was collected. Patients in Lusaka (667) and in Karonga (84) were followed up for an average of 1.56 years. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess differences in survival between the two sites and to determine risk factors associated with mortality during and after anti-tuberculosis treatment.

RESULTS
The case fatality rate was 14.7% in Lusaka and 21.4% in Karonga. The hazard ratio for death comparing Karonga to Lusaka was 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.4) during treatment and 1.76 (95%CI 1.0-3.0) after treatment. This difference could be almost entirely explained by age and more advanced HIV disease among patients in Karonga.

CONCLUSION
It is important to understand the reasons for population differences in mortality among patients with TB and HIV and to maximise efforts to reduce mortality.


ANTICIPATED THERAPIST ABSENCES: THE THERAPIST'S LENS Graham Knowlton, M.S. Marquette University, 2018 Over the course of a therapist's career, absences from work are inevitable. Although therapist absences undoubtedly impact the therapy process, the topic has not received sufficient attention to produce helpful guidelines. Instead, clinicians looking to the literature for recommendations find less in peer-reviewed journals regarding therapist absences than they would if they were to turn to popular media geared toward a client audience (Barchat, 1988). This study sought to begin to remedy this research gap using a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) research design focusing on anticipated therapist absences. Ten therapists with at least two years of experience post-licensure were asked about their general thoughts and approach to absences and the training they had received regarding therapist absences. They were also asked to discuss in depth a time that they were absent during therapy with an individual, adult client, focusing on the period before, during, and after the absence, as well as its overall impact. Participants reported generally receiving minimal or no formal supervision or training regarding therapist absences, and experiencing emotional distress when thinking about absences as a whole. When asked about specific absences, however, participants reported experiencing more positive than negative emotions, creating a plan with the client, and generally achieving positive outcomes. Implications are discussed, including recommendations for training, clinical work, and future research.


The authors present a 3-stage model-Prescreening, In-depth exploration, and Choice (PIC)-aimed at increasing the quality of the career decision-making process and its outcome. PIC provides a framework for a dynamic and interactive process that emphasizes the role of career counselors as decision counselors, whose aim is to facilitate an active decision-making process. The proposed model offers the advantages of systematic, analytical processing, while remaining compatible with individuals' natural way of thinking. The authors outline the implementation of PIC, discuss the role of intuition in decision making, and compare the PIC with the person-environment fit approach. This article presents a general model based on decision theory (e.g., Bell, Raiffa, & Tversky, 1988; Raiffa, 1968) that can be used as a practical framework for conceptualizing and improving career decision-making processes. We rely on decision theory because, as in other decision situations, there is an individual who must make a decision, there are several alternatives to choose from, and the individual has many considerations for comparing and evaluating the alternatives. Therefore, making a career decision involves collecting and processing information. Indeed, decision theory was long ago proposed as a frame of reference for career guidance and counseling (Gelatt, 1962; Jepsen & Dilley, 1974; Katz, 1966; Pitz & Harren, 1980). There are different types of career decisions, and the proposed threestage model is most relevant when the client is trying to decide what to study (e.g., choosing a college major) or which occupation to choose, that is, when the number of potential alternatives is relatively large. However, even when the number of options is small, the second and the third stages of the proposed model may be carried out to guide the client. The proposed procedure provides specific guidelines aimed at facilitating career decision making and increasing the quality of the process and its outcomes, while taking into consideration the limited cognitive and material resources of the individual who is deliberating the options. Adapting concepts from decision theory to the context of career decisions provides a framework for a dynamic, interactive process. The process-oriented approach presented in this article emphasizes the role of career counselors as decision counselors, whose aim is to facilitate an active decision-making process. The proposed model provides a general framework for the stages of the career decision-making process. We suggest that career counselors have three roles in this framework. The first role is to discover what stage of the career decision-making process the individual is in currently. Next, the counselor should review the individual's previous career decision-making stage or stages and, if needed, repeat one or more of them. Third, the counselor should guide the client through the remaining stages. In light of this framework, we believe that the suggested model need not be confined to a specific type of client and that the counselor can adopt some of the model's components for each particular client and adapt the components according to the client's style and needs and the counselor's judgment. Finally, although we are focusing on career decision making, readers may recognize methods that they have used intuitively in the past to resolve common dilemmas such as selecting college courses, renting an apartment, or buying a car. Indeed, our goal is to present a working model that offers the advantages of systematic, analytical processing, while remaining compatible with individuals' natural wav of thinking. We begin by providing the Prescreening, In-depth exploration, Choice (PIC) model's theoretical background and rationale; a more detailed discussion of the theoretical issues presented here can be found in Gati and Asher (2001). Next, we present the model itself. The description of each stage is accompanied by guidelines for the stages' practical implementation in the counseling process. …


Conspicuous structural features of the northern Gulf Coast are regional systems of listric normal faults formed contemporaneously with deposition. Periods of main fault movement range from Eocene to Miocene. Initial development of these contemporaneous fault systems is usually attributed to differential compaction and/or gravity sliding within the sedimentary section during clastic sedimentation on a stable shelf. Evidence of recent reactivation of some fault systems indicates that sediments in the region are currently in a tensional state of stress. Infrequent, low- to moderate-intensity earthquakes also are associated with the faulted region. Lithospheric flexure due to sediment loading has been suggested as a possible cause of this extensional regime. For most passive continental margins, sedimentation alone is not sufficient to cause flexurally induced faulting and earthquakes because the sediment load accumulates slowly enough for the stresses to relax. However, sedimentation rates in the northern Gulf Coast have been extremely high since the Pleistocene (12–18 cm/100 yr). A simple flexural calculation yields horizontal extension (normal faulting) in the lower Gulf Coast caused by the weight of Pleistocene sediments. Although the relationship between basement upwarp and surface uplift may be complicated by subsidence due to compaction of sediment, the location of the flexural bulge due to loading by Pleistocene and younger sediments is generally consistent with areas of recent uplift determined from releveling data. Bending stresses caused by the total weight of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments predict horizontal compression for this region, indicating that most of these stresses must have relaxed. Relaxation of stresses over time may also explain the absence of large earthquakes.


With the change of the political regime in Central and Eastern Europe, both managers of corporate farms and newly established private farmers had to adjust to the rules of the market economy. Among both groups, some are economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of production factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms in the Czech Republic it can be shown by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income.


Recent applications of seismic data in reservoir characterization, direct hydrocarbon indication, and production monitoring rely on the accuracy of elastic logs (density and sonic). Trying to develop (semi) quantitative seismic-based studies requires the use of well-to-seismic calibration; the well information is used as a bridge between the geology and the surface seismic data. Nevertheless, we must take into account that well logs are also indirect measurements of rock properties and subject to various sources of errors. Borehole wall rugosity due to washouts (or even threaded well bore) and mud filtrate invasion are the main sources of uncertainty on elastic logs. Velocity dispersion and shale alteration can also be very important.

It is commonly believed that the correction of elastic logs is important only in refined studies, but sometimes even a simple acoustic well-to-seismic tie can be drastically improved with such corrections. Figure 1 presents two wavelets extracted from the same well based on raw and invasion-corrected acoustic impedance. Some amplitude and phase differences in the estimated wavelets can be seen. Even though these changes seem subtle, they can be important in quantitative processes like inversion and AVO interpretation. Figure 1.
Wavelets extracted with raw (blue) and with invasion-corrected (red) acoustic impedance data.

Figure 2 shows synthetic seismograms for four different wells from the same field. The synthetics based on the original logs are blue and those calculated with the corrected logs are red. The synthetics for three wells seem virtually unaffected by the correction but the synthetics for well 2 present significant differences near the objective. Figure 2.
Synthetic zero-offset seismograms based on raw logs (blue) and after correction (red).

Although elastic-log corrections can be done deterministically, based on rock physics theories and models (e.g., fluid substitution for invasion correction), there are some issues that we must take into consideration. In the case of …


Common authentication methods based on passwords, tokens, or fingerprints perform one-time authentication and rely on users to log out from the computer terminal when they leave. Users often do not log out, however, which is a security risk. The most common solution, inactivity timeouts, inevitably fail security (too long a timeout) or usability (too short a timeout) goals. One solution is to authenticate users continuously while they are using the terminal and automatically log them out when they leave. Several solutions are based on user proximity, but these are not sufficient: they only confirm whether the user is nearby but not whether the user is actually using the terminal. Proposed solutions based on behavioral biometric authentication (e.g., keystroke dynamics) may not be reliable, as a recent study suggests. To address this problem we propose Zero-Effort Bilateral Recurring Authentication (ZEBRA). In ZEBRA, a user wears a bracelet (with a built-in accelerometer, gyroscope, and radio) on her dominant wrist. When the user interacts with a computer terminal, the bracelet records the wrist movement, processes it, and sends it to the terminal. The terminal compares the wrist movement with the inputs it receives from the user (via keyboard and mouse), and confirms the continued presence of the user only if they correlate. Because the bracelet is on the same hand that provides inputs to the terminal, the accelerometer and gyroscope data and input events received by the terminal should correlate because their source is the same – the user's hand movement. In our experiments ZEBRA performed continuous authentication with 85% accuracy in verifying the correct user and identified all adversaries within 11 s. For a different threshold that trades security for usability, ZEBRA correctly verified 90% of users and identified all adversaries within 50 s.


44 Abstract —As we are aware that there is a need of extending the current web to an intelligent web which may result in meaningful or efficient retrieval of information on web. Sir Tim Berner's Lee, the father of web, has proposed a layered architecture of such a web known as semantic web where Ontology layer is of prime significance. One of the primary goal of Semantic Web is to store data in distributed locations and to use ontologies to aggregate or use it. There is a need of global information sharing and establishment of an appropriate standard known as Ontology to define the conceptual level of a metalanguage,which is described as sharable conceptualization of a specific domain of interest in a machine-understandable format which is also the goal of semantic web. Now, Ontology has several issues among which Ontology creation is the first and the most fundamental and significant aspect. Ontology creation is abstract and has various key issues concerned. It may be created in several ways where creating an ontology using some ontology building tool/editor is one of the methodology. Protégé is one of the most widely used tool or editor for ontology creation. Sometimes, large team-engineered ontologies are not sufficient to illustrate semantic web's full potential. There is a need of a specification for expressing personal and relationship information within the Semantic Web community. Using Semantic Web applications for social networks, automated aggregation of a user's distributed social connections will give a better picture of their profile and improve the functioning of the applications. FOAF(Friend-Of-A-Friend) Ontology/vocabulary may be a good solution for it. There are millions of FOAF profiles online, hosted at a number of websites. The way it is used satisfies the goal of using an ontology to represent considerable amounts of distributed data in a standard form. In this paper, first, we revisit, discuss and analyse about Ontology creation and it's various key aspects. Second , we illustrate an aspect of an Ontology creation using protégé 3.4 for the "University School of Information Technology(USIT)" of Indraprastha University, Delhi, India. Third, it also illustrates the query retrieval using query tab of protégé and TGviz tab for providing the route of the ontology with a graph to reach to any classes or subclasses. Finally,FOAF(Friend-ofA-Friend) Ontology has been revisited and highlighted illustrating a FOAF profile snippet generation using an online tool, Foaf-a-Matic.


This study investigates stories of resilience in people with dyslexia. It provides a brief overview of some of the key literature in this area and draws on earlier research which I conducted (Glazzard, 2010). Data was collected using narrative genre. Four informants volunteered to tell their stories. The study considers ways in which dyslexia has shaped the self-esteem, self-concepts and identities of the informants. The stories provide powerful insights into the lives of people with dyslexia and the reader is invited to draw their own interpretations from the narratives. The study concludes that an early diagnosis of dyslexia is essential for creating a positive self-image and recommends that further narrative research is necessary to explore the significant impact that dyslexia has on people's sense of self.


Vandermonde-subspace frequency division multiplexing (VFDM) is a technique for interference cancellation in overlay networks that allows a secondary network to operate simultaneously with a primary network, on the same frequency band. VFDM can be applied to block transmission systems with a guard time (or cyclic prefix) over frequency selective channels. It achieves zero interference towards the primary system by employing a special precoder that aligns the data to the null space of the interfering channel from the secondary to the primary system. In this work, we extend the assessment of VFDM by analyzing the bit error rate and sum rate capacity of practical linear receiver structures for the VFDM-based secondary system. The study realized herein serves as a basis for the implementation of a VFDM prototype system on a real transmission testbed.


A multiple-field-of-view (MFOV) lidar is used to characterize size and optical depth of low concentration of bioaerosol clouds. The concept relies on the measurement of the forward scattered light by using the background aerosols at various distances at the back of a subvisible cloud. It also relies on the subtraction of the background aerosol forward scattering contribution and on the partial attenuation of the first-order backscattering. The validity of the concept developed to retrieve the effective diameter and the optical depth of low concentration bioaerosol clouds with good precision is demonstrated using simulation results and experimental MFOV lidar measurements. Calculations are also done to show that the method presented can be extended to small optical depth cloud retrieval.


Revisiting 'the margins' as an illuminating conceptual space analogous to, yet distinct from, the exception, this article explores the Arab Spring from its margins to highlight 'silencing effects' that, if they underpin the problematic notions of the Arab Spring and Arab exceptionalism, assume spectacular dimensions at the margins, namely, the 'disappearance' of an uprising. The disputed territory of Western Sahara, partially annexed by Morocco since 1975, saw an unprecedented uprising in October-November 2010. Annexed Western Sahara's uprising narrowly preceded Tunisia's, conventionally recognized as the first of the Arab Spring. Despite Sahrawis' perceptions of similarities between their uprising and the Arab Spring, Western Sahara's uprising is overlooked in most analyses of the Arab Spring. 'Silencing effects' obscure these similarities and, ultimately, the uprising itself.


In this famously provocative cornerstone of feminist literature, Susan Griffin explores the identification of women with the earth--both as sustenance for humanity and as victim of male rage. Starting from Plato's fateful division of the world into spirit and matter, her analysis of how patriarchal Western philosophy and religion have used language and science to bolster their power over both women and nature is brilliant and persuasive, coming alive in poetic prose.Griffin draws on an astonishing range of sources--from timbering manuals to medical texts to Scripture and classical literature--in showing how destructive has been the impulse to disembody the human soul, and how the long separated might once more be rejoined. Poet Adrienne Rich calls "Woman and Nature" "perhaps the most extraordinary nonfiction work to have merged from the matrix of contemporary female consciousness--a fusion of patriarchal science, ecology, female history and feminism, written by a poet who has created a new form for her vision. ...The book has the impact of a great film or a fresco; yet it is intimately personal, touching to the quick of woman's experience."


The vesicle inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is an essential factor for the development and maintenance of the thylakoid membrane. Depletion of Vipp1 in both Arabidopsis and Synechocystis mutants severely affects their ability to form thylakoids and consequently to perform photosynthesis. This work focuses on structural and functional properties of Vipp1. It was shown that Vipp1 assembles into a homooligomeric complex of ca. 2000 kDa. The presence of the Vipp1 complex was detected in cyanobacteria, green algae and higher plants, thereby identifying oligomerization as an essential feature for the function of Vipp1. A detailed computer analysis of Vipp1 secondary structure in different organisms revealed functionally important characteristics of the protein and allowed to discern specific features of its C-terminal domain. Based on the structural analysis, biochemical characterization of Vipp1 domains was carried out. It appeared that the PspA-like domain of Vipp1 is responsible for both complex formation and localisation of Vipp1 at the inner envelope of chloroplasts while the C-terminal domain is not involved in these processes. In order to closer elucidate the function of Vipp1, an analysis of Arabidopsis plants with moderate deficiency in Vipp1 protein level was performed. From results obtained in this analysis it can be proposed that Vipp1 acts at the initial stages of thylakoid biogenesis. Oligomerization of Vipp1 appeared to be a prerequisite for the process of thylakoid formation to commence. Moreover, the extent of thylakoid membrane formation is directly correlated to the amount of Vipp1 protein available in the chloroplast.


Recent research on social media use suggest that over 90% of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years use the Internet and 73% spend time on social networking sites (Cingel, Lauricella, Wartella, & Conway, 2013). This makes it increasingly important for therapists to be aware of the current social media applications, as well as the risks and benefits that may accompany use. Although there is much literature on the possible benefits and risks to social media use, there is minimal research on how therapists use this information to treat an adolescent population effectively. The present study utilized a cross-sectional websurvey design to gain insight into current knowledge and attitudes of therapists regarding social media use in adolescent girls. The survey was completed by psychology clinicians and psychology practicum students (n = 98), and assessed therapist attitudes, knowledge, and experiences with social media. The survey addressed personal use of social media as well as use for adolescent clients. Results found that over 75% of participants reported they access social media profiles at least one time per day. A large majority of participants (96.8%) reported they have encountered clients with problems associated with social networking and 88.9% believed there is a need for interventions targeting social media addiction in adolescent girls. Results found that personal experiences with social media applications significantly predicted therapists' overall attitude about social media for adolescents. Results also found that therapists' social media use frequency significantly predicted therapists' comfort in targeting social media topics in therapy. Results suggest therapists' personal experiences may impact their use of interventions in therapy. Future research should look for other variables that impact therapists' ability to discuss social media topics effectively in therapy and use social media interventions.


Land application of anaerobically stabilized biosolids is a beneficial method of handling the solid residuals from a wastewater treatment plant. One of the main issues that restrict land application of biosolids is nuisance odors associated with biosolids. Despite its importance, few studies have been done to enhance our knowledge of odor causing processes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of some factors that have been thought to be linked to odor generation from biosolids. The first part of this study has looked at the role of metals, iron and aluminum in particular, in determining the odor causing processes. The results showed that iron correlated well with headspace organic sulfur odor. In general, as the iron content of sludge increased greater amounts of odorous sulfur gases were produced from dewatered biosolids cakes. Aluminum did not show any relationship with organic sulfur odors. Parameters commonly used for assessing the performance of anaerobic digesters (volatile solids reduction (VSR), residual biological activity (RBA) and effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA) content) also showed no correlation with odors. The second part of the study focused on determining the impact of anaerobic digester solids retention time (SRT) on the odor generation from dewatered biosolids cakes and also on elucidating the nature and impact of the various Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) fractions on odors. The results showed that odors decreased with an increase in the anaerobic digester SRT. VSR and RBA correlated with odors; however, as only one type of sludge was assessed, the conclusions about any relationship may not be universal. The results also showed that sulfur gas generation was a function of EPS material bound to iron, again showing that iron plays an important role in odor generation from dewatered sludge cakes. The third part of the study looked at the effects of advanced digestion processes on odor generation. Digested sludge from acid/gas and temperature phased anaerobic digestion systems were analyzed in the lab. The results show that both acid/gas system and temperature phased digestion had a positive impact on odor generation from dewatered biosolids cake. Comparison of sludge from pancake shaped and egg shaped digesters showed that egg shaped digester was more efficient with regard to odor reduction.


PURPOSE
To assess outcomes with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and a low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy boost without or with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2001 through August 2011, 120 intermediate-risk or high-risk prostate cancer patients were treated with EBRT to a total dose of 4,500 cGy in 25 daily fractions and a palladium-103 LDR brachytherapy boost of 10,000 cGy (n = 90) or an iodine-125 LDR brachytherapy boost of 11,000 cGy (n = 30). ADT, consisting of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist ± an anti-androgen, was administered to 29/92 (32%) intermediate-risk patients for a median duration of 4 months and 26/28 (93%) high-risk patients for a median duration of 28 months.

RESULTS
Median follow-up was 5.2 years (range, 1.1-12.8 years). There was no statistically-significant difference in biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), or overall survival (OS) without or with ADT. Also, therewas no statistically-significant difference in bDFS, DMFS, or OS with a palladium-103 vs. an iodine-125 LDR brachytherapy boost.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no statistically-significant difference in outcomes with the addition of ADT, though the power of the current study was limited. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0815 and 0924 phase III trials, which have accrual targets of more than 1,500 men, will help to clarify the role ADT in locally-advanced prostate cancer patients treated with EBRT and a brachytherapy boost. Palladium-103 and iodine- 125 provide similar bDFS, DMFS, and OS.


Institutions of higher education are faced with the immediate question of how to serve a growing number of students from families of undocumented immigrants. Although it is difficult to determine the number of undocumented immigrant students in the United States, the Urban Institute estimates that approximately 65,000 students who lack immigration documentation graduate every year from U.S. high schools (Fix & Passel, 2003). Even though these students were brought to the United States years ago as children and have lived in the U.S. most of their lives, they face unique barriers to higher education. As the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) noted in its 2003 Public Policy Agenda: Even before the tragedy of September 11, 2001, state and federal leaders were engaged in debates regarding the nation's immigration policies. While heightened security concerns have dramatically recast that debate, many of the central questions remain unchanged, including that of how to treat dependents of undocumented aliens. AASCU does not condone disregard for the nation's immigration laws, but believes that current laws discouraging or denying resident status to qualified alien students-who are here through no decision of their own-rebuke our heritage as a nation of immigrants and ignore a vital source of human capital for the New Economy. Undocumented immigrant students' prospects for completing their education is limited because often they are considered to be "out-of-state" or international students and thus ineligible for in-state tuition. They are also ineligible for most state and federal financial aid and unable to work legally in the United States (Yates, 2004). A number of states have recently passed legislation to make undocumented students who graduate from local high schools eligible for in-state tuition. Several universities in Virginia, conversely, have decided not to admit undocumented immigrant students. In the last session of Congress, a federal law was introduced that would address the barriers to higher education faced by undocumented immigrant students. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) was introduced by Senator Orrin Hatch and would provide a mechanism for long-term resident immigrant students to apply for legal residency and would overturn a federal law that interferes with a state's right to determine in-state tuition. This column will focus on laws, both state and federal, regarding undocumented immigrants and access to higher education. Then, legal challenges to Virginia Colleges' decision not to admit undocumented students will be discussed, as will a recent lawsuit challenging a Kansas law that provides in-state tuition to undocumented students. Finally, the DREAM Act and the implications for developmental education students and programs will be discussed. Laws Regarding Undocumented Immigrants and In-State Tuition In 1996, Congress sought to clarify the status of undocumented immigrant students in the higher education context. section 505 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) states: an alien who is not lawfully present in the United States shall not be eligible on the basis of residence within a State ... for any postsecondary education benefit unless a citizen or national of the United States is eligible for such a benefit (in no less an amount, duration, and scope) without regard to whether the citizen or national is such a resident. The federal government has never issued regulations specifying how the provision should be interpreted and enforced (Galassi, 2003; Yates, 2004). Due to the lack of clarity at the federal level, the law has been interpreted and implemented differently by states. States providing in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants argue that the policy does not violate IIRIRA because undocumented students must have gone to state high schools and meet more stringent residency requirements than a U. …


Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to produce the biologically active lipid ceramide. Previous studies have implicated ASM in the induction of the chemokine CCL5 in response to TNF-α however, the lipid mediator of this effect was not established. In the present study, we identified a novel pathway connecting ASM and ceramide kinase (CERK). The results show that TNF-α induces the formation of ceramide 1-phosphate (C-1-P) in a CERK-dependent manner. Silencing of CERK blocks CCL5 production in response to TNF-α. Interestingly, cells lacking ASM have decreased C-1-P production following TNF-α treatment, suggesting that ASM may be acting upstream of CERK. Functionally, ASM and CERK induce a highly concordant program of cytokine production and both are required for migration of breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest ASM can produce ceramide which is then converted to C-1-P by CERK, and that C-1-P is required for production of CCL5 and several cytokines and chemokines, with roles in cell migration. These results highlight the diversity in action of ASM through more than one bioactive sphingolipid.


Objectives & Background UK urgent and emergency care (UEC) services are facing significant increased patient demand alongside a shortage of medical and nursing staff. From the early 2000's pharmacy services have been developing to support service provision in EDs with similar roles to in-patient clinical pharmacists but clinical pharmacists skills are still underutilised in UEC provision. To optimise ED skill mix and support medicines management a ED role was developed. Such a service would ensure medicines reconciliation for high risk ED patients, transcription of drug charts, increase use of patients own drugs (PODs) with potential cost savings, provide review for changes in medicines (including advice, patient information, antibiotic stewardship, high risk medicines) and direct support for transfer of changed medication and medicines information on discharge from ED (liaison with GP, community pharmacist, care homes) as well as reducing reattendance due to non-adherence. Methods Pharmacy secured funding for one whole time equivalent clinical pharmacist. The clinical pharmacy service (CPS) ran from 29.09.14–31.03.15, with hours 13–21.30 Fri/Sat/Sun, 12–18:00 Mon & 18–21:30 Mon-Fri. This review aims to demonstrate the impact of a clinical pharmacist in the ED. 1. Quantify operational workload undertaken by the clinical pharmacist(s) 2. Identify drugs staff request support/information for 3. Identify main reason for drug support/information request Activity and specific drug data were collected for every shift. A standard operational data collection proforma was piloted and amended for use. Results 149 shifts (802hrs) were completed. 10 patients on average per shift, (five tasks completed in 32 mins). Staff requested support/information for 388 individual drugs. The most common reason - safety to prevent an ADR 60% followed by efficacy 32%, length of stay 10%, compliance/concordance 16%. Six percent (24/388) were for safety in relation to an ADR. Most requests where for medicines acting on the CNS 26%, CVS 23% or to treat infection 21%. Conclusion ED Pharmacists ensured medicines quality and safety and released ED clinician time. This was achieved by Key pharmacist safety inputs 1. allergy confirmation, providing a medicines safety barrier supporting safer prescribing in a high risk environment 2. reduction in missed or delayed doses through early DH identification, MR and supply of non-stock medicines 3. avoidance of ADRs 4. provision of specific, timely drug advice


Automatic hardware/software partitioning relies on characterization, estimation and design space exploration of the system performance and cost metrics. In real world situations, such estimates are complicated and cannot be 100 percent accurate. Furthermore, hardware/software co-design is so complicated nowadays that simply considering the bipartitioning between hardware and software is not sufficient. It is important to consider some of the other key design parameters and resource sharing together with the hardware/software partitioning problem. Under variable requirements of smart systems, more flexibility on the resource usage should be incorporated in system modelling. This paper considers uncertainty modeling for system partitioning with an enhanced set of parameters for hardware/software resource sharing. We harness state-of-the-art uncertainty theory for linear uncertain distribution and normal uncertain distribution. Our derivations convert the uncertainty model back to a regular constraint optimization problem. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.


For more than 30 years, Henry Mintzberg has been writing about management and management education with great passion, insight, and influence. His recent book, Managers Not MBAs, presents a stinging critique of business schools, indicting them for focusing on the wrong people--young adults with little experience--and for serving up the wrong fare--too much analysis and technique. (1) Having exposed the problems, Mintzberg presents a fascinating alternative to the MBA that targets practicing managers and uses their real-world experiences as the primary instructional material. Mintzberg's provocative ideas are aimed at a business audience, but, as the following small sample shows, they have much to offer those preparing educational leaders in the U.S. The essence of management. "We don't need heroes in positions of influence any more than technocrats. We need balanced, dedicated people who practice a style of managing that can be called 'engaging.' Such people believe that their purpose is to leave behind stronger organizations" (p. 1). How leadership and management differ. "Leadership is supposed to be something bigger, more important. I reject this distinction, simply because managers have to lead and leaders have to manage. Management without leadership is sterile; leadership without management is disconnected and encourages hubris" (p. 6). What management is. "Put together a good deal of craft with a certain amount of art and some science, and you end up with a job that is above all a practice. . . . After almost a century of trying, by any reasonable assessment management has become neither a science nor a profession" (pp. 10, 11). Turning novices into managers. "Trying to teach management to someone who has never managed is like trying to teach psychology to someone who has never met another human being. Organizations are complex phenomena. Managing them is a difficult, nuanced business, requiring all sorts of tacit understanding that can only be gained in context" (p. 9). What management education needs. "It is not revolution or reorganization we need, at least for starters, so much as reconception . . . we need to rethink who we educate, how, and for what purpose; we need to rethink how and why we do research, and for whom; and we need to rethink how we are organized to do both. And then, if we are honest, we will have no choice but to change" (p. 415). I recently had an opportunity to speak with Mintzberg about his approach to educating managers and how it could be applied to the preparation of school leaders. Murphy: What is an engaging style of management? Mintzberg: I mean that people are involved, they're personally engaged, they're not disconnected. As a result, they are able to engage others. Murphy: You write that management is a practice. What does that mean? Mintzberg: It means that it is mainly a craft. It's done on the ground. It means people know what's going on. It's not something you learn in school. You can't create managers in the classroom. You don't have to go to management school to be a manager. Murphy: If that's the case, what can universities contribute? Mintzberg: They can bring in people who are already in managerial positions and let them learn from their own experiences and from one another's experiences. …


What do Shakespeare's kings mean to New York City today? It would be hard to gather any half-dozen major plays without featuring numerous monarchs at their centers, but this year's lineup, headlined by Lear and Hamlet, seems even more monarchical than one might have suspected. The line stretches out to the crack of doom: King Lear, Hamlet, Richard II, Macbeth, Cymbeline, Edward II. (These half-dozen shows don't include everything from New York in 2007, but it's a reasonably representative group.) It's as if our current national experience of watching a depleted but still powerful administration's final years were leeching out onto the stage, so that Shakespeare's portrayals of kings in crisis--mad Lear and murderous Claudius most obviously, but also impotent Cymbeline and lustful Edward II--have become allegories of how we represent power. But for all their broad-brush political relevance, these were fairly decorous productions, with few overt references to national events. What they represented, more directly and authoritatively, was theatrical power. The massive tragic parts at the center of these plays--in particular Ian McKellen's Lear, directed for the Royal Shakespeare Company by Trevor Nunn--showed our contemporary theatre measuring itself against theatrical, not political, history. What emerged was a series of attempts to fix Shakespearean kingship as a style, a performance, and a way of occupying center stage. To be a king in these terms is to rule the audience, to command its attention, and to insist on reverent obedience and applause. The stand-out performances of the year were the RSC King Lear, which featured the reunion of Cambridge schoolmates Ian McKellen in the title role and Trevor Nunn directing, and the Wooster Group's Hamlet, which saw Elizabeth LeCompte's experimental troupe match its live actors against a digital remix of Richard Burton's legendary 1964 Broadway production, preserved on a rare film. In 2007, these two productions divided theatrical New York between them: the RSC Lear was showy and expressive, surrounding McKellen's athletic performance with Cossack costumes and some daring stage choices. (See Carolyn Sale's review of the touring show in this issue.) The Wooster Group's Hamlet, by contrast, deliberately alienated the audience, dividing our attention between Burton's flickering image on the screen and Scott Shepherd's jerky imitations and responses downstage. If McKellen's Lear embraced its own epic monumentality in its bid to take its place among the great performances of the role, LeCompte's Hamlet pre-emptively neutered many of the standard operations of theatre. What was finally most surprising, however, was that the Wooster Group's Hamlet still worked as melodrama, if not perhaps in quite the same way as the RSC Lear. These radically different productions reinforced the basic dramatic function of Shakespeare's kings as theatrical centering machines. No matter how hard these productions forced their monarchs into either a conventional or experimental framework, the king, eventually, stood alone. These figures produced images of that cultural, literary, and dramatic centrality of which Shakespeare himself, in whatever form, remains a potent symbol. Around these two monumental and memorable productions, I've assembled a variety of other kings. Evan Yionoulis, the resident director of the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, brought to Richard II something of early twenty-first century America's disillusion with the arts of power. A production of Macbeth by Beverly Bullock's Shakespeare NYC dressed its Scottish noblemen in the uniforms currently being worn by American soldiers in Iraq. The British troupe Cheek by Jowl brought their inventive Cymbeline to Brooklyn, where they unveiled the sexual temptation at the heart of this sometimes disorienting play. The Red Bull Theater's version of Marlowe's Edward II deployed erotically-charged performances by Marc Vietor as Edward and Matthew Rauch as Mortimer to show how the struggle over a kingdom got expressed through the deployment of personal and physical charisma. …


Eyes with well-developed optical systems evolved many times at the end of the Cambrian period. 500 million years ago. There are now about ten optically distinct mechanisms. These include pinholes, lenses of both multi-element and inhomogeneous construction, aspheric surfaces, concave mirrors, apposition compound eyes that employ a variety of lens types, and three kinds of superposition eye that utilize lenses, mirrors, or both. Because the number of physical solutions to the problem of forming an image is finite, convergent evolution has been very common. The best example is the inhomogeneous Matthiessen lens, which has evolved independently in the vertebrates, several times in the molluscs and annelids, and once in the crustaceans. Similar cases of convergence can also be found among compound eyes.