Transplanting is an important method of establishing field sweet potatoes. Design of a suitable transplanting machine depends on transplanting method. A design concept for the sweet potato transplanting machine was developed using Auto CAD R14. A prototype transplanter was designed, fabricated and field tested at the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia. The overall construction of the machine consists of the main chassis, power transmission system, transplanting pocket and handling system of the sweet potatoes vine cuttings. The machine was ground driven and mounted on the 3-point hitch linkage system of a mini or medium size tractor of 20-40 kW. Two operators were required in the transplanting operation; a driver for the tractor and an operator to feed the sweet potato seedlings manually. The operational activities for the machine include the preparation of planting furrow, placement of seedlings horizontally in the prepared furrow, covering of the seedlings and compacting the soil around the planted seedlings. The machine allowed all possible variations and component adjustments to ensure prompt and comprehensive field evaluation. The power requirement was about 8.9 kW for a single row machine. The machine was simple in design, easily manufactured locally and able to operate at high efficiency (77%). Forward speeds were significant parameter for transplanting and
machine efficiency. These experimental results showed that first speed of 2km/hr together with planting depth of 20cm is the best among speeds and depths tested as it gave the lower number of missing plants. The sweet potato transplanting machine had an average capacity of 0.19
ha/hr at low speed (2km/hr) while the vegetable transplanter had about 0.09 ha/hr at the same speed. The expected yield for this machine should be greater than the yield produced vertically.


Wind turbines are exposed to highly dynamic loads that cause fatigue and extreme load effects which are subject to significant uncertainties. Further, reduction of cost of energy for wind turbines are very important in order to make wind energy competitive compared to other energy sources. Therefore the turbine components should be designed to have sufficient reliability with respect to both extreme and fatigue loads also not be too costly (and safe). This paper presents models for uncertainty modeling and reliability assessment of especially the structural components such as tower, blades, substructure and foundation considering especially fatigue loads. The function of a wind turbine is highly dependent on many electrical and mechanical components as well as a control system also reliability aspects of these components are discussed and it is described how there reliability influences the reliability of the structural components. Illustrative examples are presented considering uncertainty modeling and reliability assessment for structural wind turbine components exposed to extreme loads and fatigue, respectively.


Taking Gandhi's statements about civil disobedience to heart, in February 1922 residents from the villages around the north Indian market town of Chauri Chaura attacked the local police station, burned it to the ground and murdered twenty-three constables. Appalled that his teachings were turned to violent ends, Gandhi called off his Noncooperation Movement and fasted to bring the people back to nonviolence. In the meantime, the British government denied that the riot reflected Indian resistance to its rule and tried the rioters as common criminals. These events have taken on great symbolic importance among Indians, both in the immediate region and nationally. Amin examines the event itself, but also, more significantly, he explores the ways it has been remembered, interpreted, and used as a metaphor for the Indian struggle for independence. The author, who was born fifteen miles from Chauri Chaura, brings to his study an empathetic knowledge of the region and a keen ear for the nuances of the culture and language of its people. In an ingenious negotiation between written and oral evidence, he combines brilliant archival work in the judicial records of the period with field interviews with local informants. In telling this intricate story of local memory and the making of official histories, Amin probes the silences and ambivalences that contribute to a nation's narrative. He extends his boundaries well beyond Chauri Chaura itself to explore the complex relationship between peasant politics and nationalist discourse and the interplay between memory and history.


In this paper a new way is proposed to determine the generalized stress intensity factors of the plane V-notch structures by boundary element method. Firstly, a small sector around the V-notch tip is dug out from the V-notch structure. Based on the assumption of an asymptotic stress field in the V-notch tip region, evaluation of stress singularities of the sector zone are transformed into an eigenvalue problem of the ordinary differential equations. Then the solutions of the eigenvalue problem provide the singularity orders and associated eigenvectors of the V-notch. Hence the displacements and tractions on the arc of the above sector are expressed as the linear combination of the finite terms of the series expansion with different singular orders. Secondly, the boundary element method is used to model the V-notch structure removed the small sector, in which the boundary conditions along the arc edge from cutting the sector are expressed by the above linear combination. Consequently, the generalized stress intensity factors and the stress field of the V-notched structure are obtained through the boundary element analysis. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the present method.


In Kerala, nearly 75-80% of the population consume fish
and their annual per capita consumption rate is about 13 kg.
The rate of fish consumption is likely to go up due to increased
awareness about fish as a source of cheap and highly nutritious
but harmless food item. Hence there is every need to augment
fish production not only to meet our food requirements but also
to increase foreign exchange earnings. The current level of
fish production is inadequate to fulfil all these needs. An
analysis of the trend of fish production during the past few
years indicates that there may not be any significant
improvement in it in the coming years. In this context,
measures to increase fish production are to be thought of
Aquaculture is the only way to achieve this. In Kerala at
present aquaculture is restricted to backwaters and inland
waterbodies. In order to enhance fish production, farming of
fish and other species of aquatic organisms is to be extended
to inshore coastal waters for which suitable farming methods
are to be adopted.


This paper introduces a taxonomy for creation verbs consisting in two main classes: create verbs and verbs of derived creation. Each class has subclasses which are discussed in detail. I argue that while verbs belonging to the first class have creation as their core sense, verbs of derived creation either have another sense as primary or are underspecified, and take on a creation reading only in verb-argument composition. The overall goal of the paper is to support this distinction through a corpus-informed qualitative analysis of the semantic and syntactic properties of a target set of verbs belonging to both classes. Particularly, starting from intuitive semantic groupings, I pin down the syntactic features shared by verbs belonging to each group and propose a classification at the syntax/semantic interface. Results of the analysis show that the proposed distinction is empirically grounded.


In this paper, we propose new residuals for gamma regression models, assuming that both mean and shape parameters follow regression structures. The models are summarized and fitted by applying both classic and Bayesian methods as proposed by Cepeda-Cuervo (2001). The residuals are proposed from properties of the biparametric exponential family of distributions. Simulated and real data sets are analyzed to determine the performance and behavior of the proposed residuals.


The objectives of this project were a) to investigate and model the equilibrium moisture content of straw from cereals and oilseed crops, b) to investigate and quantify possible differences in straw equilibrium moisture content between different crops, varieties and threshing methods (shaker and axial flow combines), c) to investigate the moisture absorption rates in straw from different crops and threshing methods, d) to investigate the hysteresis characteristics of straw, i.e. the difference in moisture content between absorption and desorption conditions, e) to develop a model to simulate the moisture content in straw swathes on an hourly basis, and f) to estimate model parameters by monitoring the moisture content in straw swathes in field trials and to evaluate the general validity of the model. The equilibrium moisture content was investigated in climate chambers by keeping the isotherms +5°C, +15°C and +25°C constant while the relative humidity was increased stepwise from 35% to 53%, 72% and finally 90%. The samples comprised straw from winter wheat, spring wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oats, winter rape and spring rape. For winter wheat, there were samples from two varieties and from unthreshed, 'yellow' and 'grey' straw. For spring wheat, there were samples from two varieties and straw from shaker and axial flow combines. The results showed, for example, that a moisture content of 18% (wet basis) was reached at a relative humidity of 85-90% for winter wheat (see below). Five commonly used equations for modelling the equilibrium moisture contents (the Henderson, Chung-Pfost, Halsey, Oswin and GAB-equations) were adapted to the experimental data by non-linear regression. The Halsey equation (the version independent of temperature) had the best goodness of fit for most straw types investigated. In a comparison of straw from different crops, no statistically significant differences in the equilibrium moisture content were found, except for oat straw. This type of straw had somewhat higher equilibrium moisture content, especially at high relative humidity. At low relative humidity, straw from rape had a somewhat higher equilibrium moisture content, but this difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found between 'yellow' and 'grey' straw, or between straw from shaker and axial flow combines. The moisture absorption rate was investigated at a temperature of +15°C when the relative humidity was increased from 53% to 72%. The results showed that oats had the highest rate initially, while straw from spring wheat had the lowest. However, all samples reached their equilibrium moisture content within about 10 hours. The climate chamber investigations also showed that straw has some absorption-desorption hysteresis. In these trials, the temperature was kept at +15°C, while the relative humidity was varied according to 53% → 72% → 90% → 72% → 53%. The hysteresis was estimated to be 1-2 percentage points. A computer model, which has earlier been applied to flax straw, was used to simulate the moisture content in straw swathes under field conditions. The model took into account factors such as evaporation of water and formation of dew. It used precipitation, global radiation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and cloudiness as input data to calculate the straw moisture content on an hourly basis. Three field trials were carried out during 2007-08, when the moisture content was monitored in swathes with winter wheat straw. The model parameters were then determined by regression. Comparisons between measured and predicted moisture contents showed that the model simulated the drying and rewetting processes with acceptable accuracy.


It looked like a giant. With its tall white walls, rounded corner structures, and what looked like hundreds of little white-framed windows, it emitted the sense of a clean and sterile Bauhaus-inspired palace. He had never seen such a place. After riding the fast-paced streetcar through the bustling roads that made up downtown Atlanta, Hale Aspacio Woodruff finally made his way to the entrance of the High Museum of Art. As he ventured up to the doors, he noticed an African American janitor diligently sweeping the sidewalk. The man intently watched Woodruff as he climbed up the gravity-defying walkway and through the large entrance doors of the High Museum. "Excuse me," Woodruff said to the museum's receptionist, "I want to see the Director." The woman's eyes bore into Woodruff as she processed his request. Her expression reflected a looming essence of surprise that was slightly overshadowed by a sense of distaste and suspicion. Despite her shock, Woodruff was led back through the hall to the office of the High's leading Director. The two men chatted on about art and culture for a good while, eventually closing their conversation on the air of equals. As Woodruff passed through the lobby on his way to the exit, somebody stopped him. The individual who halted him was the in fact the janitor whom Woodruff had seen suspiciously eying him from outside of the museum. The janitor said quickly, "Come here, I want to tell you something." Woodruff was confused but also intrigued by the janitor's question. He replied, "What's that?" The janitor proceeded, "You know, I've been at this place for 1 don't know how many years, but you're the first black man besides me that's ever walked through that front door." Woodruff paused as he registered what the man had said, and with a slight smirk on his face he answered, "Well, I won't be the last." (1) The didactic ability of art to address the roles of race and class within a specific setting and moment in time is phenomenal. More impressive than that are the individuals who actually produce those works. What drove these artists to create art? What drove their art? What drove them? All of these questions and more are quizzically and intricately woven in and around the life and art of Hale Woodruff. The treacherous characteristics that enveloped his life, which included his race, the time period in which he lived, and his desired profession, all attributed to not only his success, but also his impact on the African American community as well as the art world as a whole. Through his struggles of self-identification, the battle between calling oneself artist or teacher, Woodruff exhibited enormous talent with any venture he attempted to tackle. How exactly Woodruff developed these talents, to which he utilized in his teaching and painting, is a key factor in understanding how he handled and anticipated being characterized as something other than what he desired or appeared to actually be. By understanding this connection, a better awareness of the political elements within the art world can be achieved, as well as a deeper recognition of the multitude of differing opinions involving these debates as they related to the African American community. Art was not always the main driving force in Hale Woodruff's life, but it did strike an interest in the Indianapolis native starting at a young age. After Woodruff's father past away, he and his mother moved to Nashville, Tennessee where he remained for the duration of his adolescence. As a child, he would watch his mother doodle images on scrap pieces of paper, a past time that he adopted as well. (2) Since he was an only child, finding entertainment was difficult, so he would sometimes copy newspaper cartoons done by the artist Gustave Dore, and draw them into the family Bible. (3) While the idea of becoming a professional artist was not yet on the horizon, he did enjoyed art as a hobby. This interest in art continued throughout his youth. …


An extraordinary degree of condensation is required to fit the eukaryotic genome inside the nucleus. This compaction is attained by first coiling the DNA around structures called nucleosomes. Mammalian genomes are further folded into sophisticated three‐dimensional (3D) configurations, enabling the genetic code to dictate a diverse range of cell fates. Recent advances in molecular and computational technologies have enabled the query of higher‐order chromatin architecture at an unprecedented resolution and scale. In T lymphocytes, similar to other developmental programs, the hierarchical genome organization is shaped by a highly coordinated division of labor among different classes of sequence‐specific transcription factors. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of 1D and 3D genome organization, introduce the common experimental and computational techniques to measure the multilayer chromatin organization, and discuss the pervasive role of transcription factors on chromatin organization in T lymphocytes.


The emergence of freeform structures in contemporary architecture raises numerous challenging research problems, most of which are related to the actual fabrication and are a rich source of research topics in geometry and geometric computing. The talk will provide an overview of recent progress in this field, with a particular focus on discrete geometric structures. Most of these result from practical requirements on segmenting a freeform shape into planar panels and on the physical realization of supporting beams and nodes. A study of quadrilateral meshes with planar faces reveals beautiful relations to discrete differential geometry. In particular, we discuss meshes which discretize the network of principal curvature lines. Conical meshes are among these meshes; they possess conical offset meshes at a constant face/face distance, which in turn leads to a supporting beam layout with so-called torsion free nodes. This work can be generalized to a variety of multilayer structures and laid the ground for an adapted curvature theory for these meshes. There are also efforts on segmenting surfaces into planar hexagonal panels. Though these are less constrained than planar quadrilateral panels, this problem is still waiting for an elegant solution. Inspired by freeform designs in architecture which involve circles and spheres, we present a new kind of triangle mesh whose faces' in-circles form a packing, i.e., the in-circles of two triangles with a common edge have the same contact point on that edge. These "circle packing (CP) meshes" exhibit an aesthetic balance of shape and size of their faces. They are closely tied to sphere packings on surfaces and to various remarkable structures and patterns which are of interest in art, architecture, and design. CP meshes constitute a new link between architectural freeform design and computational conformal geometry. Recently, certain timber structures motivated us to study discrete patterns of geodesics on surfaces. This topic is closely related to the classical geometry of webs. There are numerous open problems in the geometry of webs, in particular when one asks for webs formed by special types of curves, as preferred in applications such as architecture.


This thesis makes novel contributions to a problem of practical and theoretical importance, namely how to determine explicitly computable upper bounds for the Hausdorff distance of the spectra of two compact operators on a Hilbert space in terms of the distance of the two operators in operator norm. It turns out that the answer depends crucially on the speed of decay of the sequence of singular values of the two operators. To this end, 'compactness classes', that is, collections of operators the singular values of which decay at a certain speed, are introduced and their functional analytic properties studied in some detail. The main result of the thesis is an explicit formula for the Hausdorff distance of the spectra of two operators belonging to the same compactness class. Along the way, upper bounds for the resolvents of operators belonging to a particular compactness class are established, as well as novel bounds for determinants of trace class operators.


The production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Vaccinia virus (VAC-BAC) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (Domi & Moss, 2002, PNAS 99 12415–20). The genomic BAC clone was 'rescued' back to infectious virus using a Fowlpox virus helper to supply transcriptional machinery. We apply here a similar approach to the attenuated strain Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), now widely used as a safe non-replicating recombinant vaccine vector in mammals, including humans. Four apparently full-length, rescuable clones were obtained, which had indistinguishable immunogenicity in mice. One clone was shotgun sequenced and found to be identical to the parent. We employed GalK recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) of MVA-BAC to delete five selected viral genes. Deletion of C12L, A44L, A46R or B7R did not significantly affect CD8+ T cell immunogenicity in BALB/c mice, but deletion of B15R enhanced specific CD8+ T cell responses to one of two endogenous viral epitopes (from the E2 and F2 proteins), in accordance with published work (Staib et al., 2005, J. Gen. Virol. 86, 1997–2006). In addition, we found a higher frequency of triple-positive IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 secreting E3-specific CD8+ T-cells 8 weeks after vaccination with MVA lacking B15R. Furthermore, a recombinant vaccine capable of inducing CD8+ T cells against an epitope from Plasmodium berghei was created using GalK counterselection to insert an antigen expression cassette lacking a tandem marker gene into the traditional thymidine kinase locus of MVA-BAC. MVA continues to feature prominently in clinical trials of recombinant vaccines against diseases such as HIV-AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Here we demonstrate in proof-of-concept experiments that MVA-BAC recombineering is a viable route to more rapid and efficient generation of new candidate mutant and recombinant vaccines based on a clinically deployable viral vector.


The present work deals with the mathematical modeling and analysis of machining response such as the surface roughness in the milling of aluminum alloy (AA6061). There are several machining variables like rotational speed, depth of cut and feed rate used to find the quality of surface quality. Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) is utilized to develop an effective mathematical model to predict optimum level. In simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), an exponential cooling program depending on Newtonian cooling is applied and experimentation is done on choosing the number of iterations for each step. The SAA is used to predict the cutting variables (rotational speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on product quality in dry milling of Al 6061 based on Taguchi's orthogonal array of L9 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were apply to determination the important factors that effect on surface quality. At last, tests were conducted to confirm by making a comparison between the experimental results and the model developed. The experimental results have shown the performance of machining in the milling can be improved effectively using this algorithm.


Continuing growth and expansion of international tourism around the world has increased competition between countries, which desire to expand shares in the industry. Therefore, many countries are trying to use efficiently their touristic potential, while displaying their efforts. The result of increasing tourism demand is formation of new destinations, which emerge in new market areas. One of these new markets is health tourism. Nowadays health tourism is attracting more attention as a rapidly growing alternative market. As a fact, health tourism is a market worth approximately 100 billion dollars today. Medical tourism travel become especially popular tourism activity and revenue from medical tourism made this field more attractive. Tourists traveling for medical purpose spend their time on recreation, sport and other activities during these tours, however, the main purpose of medical tourism not only getting treatment but also travelling. Kumiss, which is composed from fermented mare milk, has been used in central Asian for medical purposes for centuries and this type of treatment is known to have many benefits. This descriptive study focuses on medical treatment within health tourism. In this context; the definition, content, historical development and benefits of kumiss treatment are emphasized. Besides, information has been given about countries which use kumiss treatment in the world. The findings of the study are expected to bring a new perspective to the health tourism literature.


The old scheme for secure and efficient public dynamic public data integrity auditing for shared dynamic data is not still secure. Here in this paper we present collusion attack in existing scheme. Also it provides efficient public integrity auditing scheme. There is efficient use of vector commitment and verifier local revocation group signature. We implement concrete scheme for group signature. The scheme support public checking, efficient user revocation, and properties like confidently, efficiency, count ability and traceability. Finally we compare our scheme with old which shows good result in security.


This investigation of Q-fever or Coxiellosis was undertaken to study the presence and the infection rate of C.burnetii infection in reproductively active rams in the Northern Palestine, where most of the sheep herds are located. In all, 2806 samples which collected from active rams during the reproductive season from herds in five cities (Jenin, Jericho, Nablus, Tulkarm and Tubas). Sera were tested by ID Screen Q Fever Indirect Multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of C. burnetii immunoglobulin G (IgG). A total of 28.1 % of ram sera were positive for C. burnetii IgG. There was no significant difference between the four location cities studied However, a significantly low difference was observed in the Tubas city (P<0.05). Highest infection rate was detected in rams of Tulkarm (29.8%), followed by Nablus (29.5%), Jericho (28.4%), Jenin (28.2%) and Tubas (16.1%). Moreover, at the farm level, 73.3% had at least one seropositive animal. It had been concluded that a high infection rate were detected in rams of Northern Palestine, at both individual and herd level. Therefore, Q fever could be responsible for considerable numbers of ovine abortions in Palestine, as well as of public health significance, Hereby control programs should be advised.


Noble metal nanolayers on flat substrates are often deposited with the use of semiconductor interlayers, which may strongly interact with the noble metal overlayer. We investigated the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag deposited on either Te or Se, additional plasmonic bands originating from grain boundary segregation or diffusion occur, while for the Au layer, such resonances were not pronounced. In the permittivity of both materials, the intensity of the interband transition peaks is strongly altered, possibly due to the nano-alloy formation, but more likely due to the microstrain on metal grains.


Agricultural trade remains highly politicised and securing agreement on further change is one of the most critical and difficult tasks in the Doha Round. There has been a shift from a EU-US power duopoly in the Uruguay Round to an oligopolistic form of decision-making that incorporates the G-20 representing emerging countries. Market access has been the most difficult issue to resolve and internal opposition to a settlement is growing in the US and EU. Nevertheless, a settlement is still achievable, but not at Hong Kong.


Abstract. Previous studies have reported that polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are frequently observed simultaneously with upper-tropospheric clouds (UCs) in the Southern Hemisphere. However, it has not yet been examined whether the UCs that simultaneously occur with PSCs are actually located below the height of the tropopause, which is modified by tropospheric disturbances. Furthermore, the mechanism of this simultaneous occurrence has not yet been clarified. This study statistically examines the simultaneous appearance of PSCs and UCs using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) for the five austral winters of 2007–2011. From correlation analyses and statistical dependence tests, it is shown that the simultaneous occurrence frequencies of clouds with an altitude range of 15–25 km and 9–11 km are significant. The analyses based on tropopause-relative altitude suggest that the occurrence frequency of clouds at altitudes higher than 6 km above the local tropopause (i.e., PSCs) is significantly correlated with that of clouds around and slightly above the tropopause. These results indicate that the UCs observed simultaneously with PSCs reported in previous case studies are likely located around and slightly above the tropopause rather than in the troposphere. It is also shown that the simultaneous occurrence of PSCs and UCs is frequently associated with blocking highs that have large horizontal scales (several thousand kilometers) and tall structure (up to a height of ~15 km). The longitudinal variation of blocking high frequency accords well with that of the simultaneous occurrence frequency of PSCs and UCs. This fact suggests that the blocking highs provide a preferable condition for such simultaneous occurrences. Moreover, the composition of PSCs is investigated as a function of relative longitude of the anticyclones including blocking highs. It was discovered that relatively high proportions of STS (super-cooled ternary solutions), Ice, and Mix2 (mixture of nitric acid trihydrate and STS) types are distributed towards the windward, near, and leeward side of anticyclones in westerly background flows, respectively.


Multi-disciplinary teams (MDT) in primary care clinics working with immigrant health are exposed to various cultures and languages which require continual trans-cultural awareness and knowledge in order to meet the healthcare needs of the various groups that predominate in their regions. In a five year period, Sweden's population had increased by 242,000 people; 77% were immigrants (Migrationsverket, 2009). Among the 102,280 immigrants arriving to Sweden in 2009, 168 countries of citizenship were represented (Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), 2010a). According to the SCB, (2010b) the largest immigrant group consisted of returning Swedish citizens, followed by Iraqis, Somalis and Poles. When SCB (2010b) compared statistics to 2008 it was noted that immigration of Somali citizens increased by 70%, while immigration of Iraqi and Polish citizens fell by 29% and 26%, respectively. Immigration populations fluctuate yearly and cultural variations affect whole communities in varies ways. Of the 102,280 new immigrants who arrived in Sweden in 2009, 7,380 were placed in the county of Kronobergsland and 4,824 to the city of Vaxjo (SCB, 2010a) where this survey was based. Providing culturally appropriate and thus competent care is imperative in upholding healthcare outcomes within this influx of immigrants. The MDT knowledge and skills in providing health care for different cultural groups should be updated on an on-going basis. As well as evaluating the MDT, it is important to assess how well health care providers' systems, programs, and resources meet the needs of the communities they service. This paper takes a qualitative survey approach to better understand what educational needs exist in the areas of linguistic and cultural competency, starting with a literature overview before the methods are described. Following the results, the discussion, limitations and conclusions are presented according to a framework which is guided by literature.


Very small forms of bacteria have been reported from marine and freshwater systems as well as from soils, subsurface terrestrial environments' and more recently from samples of kidney stones. Also, such small cells could be obtained in the laboratory during starvation experiments, indicating that bacteria which survive periods of nutrient deprivation manifest a decrease of cell size. Even though the various reports brought about poorly defined designations for small bacteria, they have stimulated the discussion on how small a living bacterium could be. The information derived from the literature concerning starvation forms, ultramicrobacteria and nanobacteria is analysed in the light of own field and laboratory observations. It could be shown that despite conceptual shortcomings and problems with definitions of what is meant by "small", starvation forms and ultramicrobacteria are clearly distinguishable according to physiological characteristics, which could not be achieved for nanobacteria or nanobes. Furthermore, it is documented that ultramicrobacteria are not the smallest procaryotes and that the size of bacterial starvation forms are much closer to the calculated minimal sizes required to ensure independent viable life. A bacterial cell which is growing and dividing needs to be large enough to accommodate DNA and RNA, enzymes for replication transcription and translation, solvent for ubstances as well as a minimum set of proteins and plasamtic space to run the operations. Many authors assume that this requires a cell with a diameter not smaller than 200 nm and with a volume between 0.014 and 0.06 μm3. Most cells with diameters equal or below 0.2 μm are rods while cocci are numerically of minor importance in natural aquatic systems. It seems that the rod morphotype has more potential to produce viable cells with minimal volumes than spherical morhotypes. This supports the assumption that not only size but also cell shape is important to achieve functional minimum cell volumes. Many cell parameters can be estimated with relatively high precision, but one should remember that absolute calibration is still not possible. Even if we assume that there are errors involved in most biometric measurements, there is still a trend which indicates that rod shaped cells can function with diameters below 0.2 μm and cell volumes well below 0.02 μm3. Such dimensions could be an indication that the lower size limit of a viable bacterium may be close to the size of the smallest hypothetical living cell, indicating that there is still more to know about the minimal required cell components allowing a bacterium the remain viable.


Living in a networked world, human agents are increasingly connected as advances in technology facilitates the flow of information between and the availability of services to them. Through this research, we look at interacting agents in networked environments, and explore how their decisions are influenced by other people's decisions. In this context, an individual's decision may be regarding a concrete action, e.g., adoption of a product or service that is offered, or simply shape her opinion about a subject. Accordingly, we investigate two classes of such problems. The first problem is the dynamics of service adoption in networked environments, where one user's adoption decision, influences the adoption decision of other users by affecting (positively or negatively) the benefits that they derive from the service. We consider this problem in the context of "User-Provided Connectivity", or UPC. The service offers an alternative to traditional infrastructure-based communication services by allowing users to share their "home base" connectivity with other users, thereby increasing their access to connectivity. We investigate when such services are viable, and propose a number of pricing policies of different complexities. The pricing policies exhibit differences in their ability to maximize the total welfare created by the service, and distributing the welfare between different stakeholders. The second problem is the spread of opinions in a networked environment, where one agent's opinion about an issue, influences and is influenced by that of other agents to whom she is connected. We are particularly interested in the role that people's adherence to specific groups or parties may play in how final opinions are formed. We approach this problem using a model of interactions inspired by the Ising spin-glass model from classical Physics. We consider two related but distinct settings, and show that when party memberships directly influence user interactions, even slightest statistical partisan biases result in partisan final outcomes: where everyone in a party shares the same opinion, opposite to that of the other party. On the other hand, if party membership plays an indirect role in biasing agent interactions, then there is room for intra-party heterogeneity of opinions. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Electrical & Systems Engineering First Advisor Roch Guerin


This article focuses on a relatively new investment option, an indexed annuity account offered by at least one insurance company, which combines U.S. Treasury bonds with options on the S&P 500 Index that guarantees a minimum return of 2.7% per year and a maximum return (or cap return) equal to the 52-week percentage change in the S&P 500 Index following the date of purchase but no more than a return set by management which has been 8% or 9% in the past two years. (Contractually, the cap return cannot be less than 5% per year.) Using simulated investment results for 10-, 20-, and 30-year holding periods using actual rate-of-return data for the period 1946-2003, the author demonstrates that a hypothetical index annuity account does provide a relatively low-risk investment, although the cost, in terms of forgone returns on a pure equity investment, is relatively high. When the cap return was set at 9%, the index annuity account generally achieved higher returns and lower risk than did a long-term U.S. government bond investment.


This paper analyses the optimal design of a single open-ended contract (SOEC) and studies the political economy of moving towards such a SOEC in a labour market with dual employment protection. We develop a computationally tractable approach to compare two economic environments: one with flexible entry-level jobs and high employment protection at longer tenures, and another one with a SOEC featuring employment protection levels that increase smoothly with tenure. For illustrative purposes, we specialise the discussion of such choices to Spain, a country often considered as an epitome of a dual labour market. We show that a SOEC has the potential of bringing substantial improvements in equilibrium allocations and welfare. We provide estimates for the eligibility rule and tenure profile of the optimal SOEC, defined as the contract maximising the steady-state lifetime utility of new labour-market entrants. Finally, we use the model to identify winners and losers among younger and older workers in the transitional path of such a reform, and evaluate its political support.


Generic or site-specific soil-quality limits for organic contaminants have been adopted or proposed in various countries in an effort to control or assess contamination. The most comprehensive generic limits, established in the Netherlands, distinguish between background concentrations for naturally occurring substances and analytical detection limits for man-made organic compounds (target values) and threshold concentrations above which remediation may be necessary (intervention values). These are being employed to highlight contaminated sites that require treatment/remediation, ideally resulting in the reduction of the compounds of concern. These limits have been derived in a number of ways but are largely based on professional judgment, usually on information concerning pathways of human exposure, phytotoxicity, and ecotoxicological effects. Effective remediation of contaminated soils is frequently limited by the slow kinetics of contaminant loss from soils under prevailing environmental conditions. This is frequently underestimated, even though it may be of fundamental importance in determining the success of treatment/remediation with respect to the assigned quality limits. This is because loss of contaminants from soils is often biphasic, whereby a short period of rapid dissipation is followed by a longer period of contaminant release. Dissipation processes, including leaching and volatilization, exhibit similar behavior. The primary rate-limiting factors governing this behavior are postulated to be fundamental sorption/ desorption mechanisms, including intraparticle diffusion, intrasorbent diffusion and chemisorption, which control the distribution of contaminant between the solid and aqueous or gaseous phases of soils and, hence, the supply of contaminant available to the various dissipation processes. In this article, we consider the relevance of biphasic desorption kinetics to existing soil-quality limits. We contend that the concentration of a given contaminant in a given soil when the "residual" phase of dissipation is reached represents an intrinsic kinetic constraint to the remediation of contaminated soil. Because of the effects of the primary rate-limiting mechanisms discussed above, it is unlikely that (in the absence of any engineering solution to the problem) any appreciable change in the contaminant concentration will occur over practical time scales under prevailing environmental conditions for a given soil. We define this contaminant concentration as a kinetically constrained soil quality limit (KCSQL) and apply it to selected examples of contaminant dissipation from the literature, including polychlorinated biphenyls, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, industrial solvents, and pesticides in a range of soils. Finally, we examine the relationship between the derived KCSQLs and the Dutch "cleanup" values and soil-quality criteria adopted in other countries.


In the mixture models problem it is assumed that there are K distributions θ1,..., θK and one gets to observe a sample from a mixture of these distributions with unknown coefficients. The goal is to associate instances with their generating distributions, or to identify the parameters of the hidden distributions. In this work we make the assumption that we have access to several samples drawn from the same K underlying distributions, but with different mixing weights. As with topic modeling, having multiple samples is often a reasonable assumption. Instead of pooling the data into one sample, we prove that it is possible to use the differences between the samples to better recover the underlying structure. We present algorithms that recover the underlying structure under milder assumptions than the current state of art when either the dimensionality or the separation is high. The methods, when applied to topic modeling, allow generalization to words not present in the training data.


Purpose: Previous research shows dehydration decreases sweating and skin blood flow during heat stress but it is unknown whether these decrements are from pre-synaptic (i.e. central nervous system) or post-synaptic (i.e. sweat gland/blood vessel) alterations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dehydration affects post-synaptic sweating and skin blood flow responses. We hypothesized that dehydration will negatively affect post-synaptic sweating and both endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation. Methods: 12 males (age= 25 ± 3 y, height = 178.4 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 75.9 ± 10.9 kg) participated. 24 h before each trial, subjects were passively heated for ~2 h. In the euhydrated trial, subjects were given water to maintain euhydration and were encouraged to maintain hydration for the remainder of the day. In the dehydrated trial, subjects were not given any fluids during passive heating and were fluid restricted for the remainder of the day, which lead to a 2.2 ± 0.7 % body mass loss. Hydration status was confirmed by urine specific gravity (USG) and urine osmolality (UOSM) at the time of testing; dehydrated individuals had a USG >1.020 and a UOSM >700 mOsm/kg (mmol/kg). Seven incremental doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; induces endothelium-independent vasodilation; 5x10 to 5x10 M at 10-fold increments) and methylcholine (MCh; induces local sweating and endothelium-dependent vasodilation; 1x10 to 1x10 M at 10-fold increments) were administered via two subcutaneous fibers in the forearm (i.e. microdialysis). Local sweat rate (LSR) via ventilated capsule and cutaneous vascular conduction (CVC) via Laser Doppler were recorded over the site of drug administration at the last minute of each dose. At the end of the 7 dose, maximal vasodilation was elicited by delivering a maximal dose of SNP for 10 minutes followed by local heating of the skin (~44°C) for 30 min; all CVC data are expressed as %max CVC. A 2 (hydration) x 8 (dose) repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of dehydration on sweating and CVC responses. Paired t-tests were used to compare hydration biomarkers between trials. An alpha of <0.05 defined significance. Results: There were significant differences (all p < 0.01) in USG and UOSM when euhydrated versus dehydrated (USG: 1.009 ± 0.005 versus 1.028 ± 0.002; UOSM: 337 ± 174 versus 1085 ± 70 mOsm/kg, respectively). Dehydration did not significantly alter post-synaptic sweating or endothelium-dependent or independent CVC (i.e. SNP and MCh, respectively) responses (p > 0.05). Discussion: The hypothesis that dehydration negatively affects post-synaptic sweating and both endotheliumdependent and -independent vasodilation was not supported. Dehydration did not affect postsynaptic LSR and endothelium-independent or -dependent CVC. These findings suggest dehydration decreases sweating and cutaneous vasodilation via central mechanisms.


Two types of micro‐ and nanocarriers for immobilization of enzymes for biotechno‐ logical and biomedical applications are described: magnetic nanoparticles and cross‐ linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Nanosized structures with their large surface and smaller size volume ratio, which is dependent on their strong magnetic dipole, give key features that make magnetic nanoparticles useful in many biotechnological and biomedical applications. They are therefore used as carriers to which different active substances can bind. The preparation of the magnetic nanoparticles, possible surface coating methods, and functionalization with different materials are described. Enzyme immobilization methods, such as adsorption, affinity binding, chelation, or metal binding or covalent binding, enable the preparation of efficient and stable enzyme bound to magnetic nanoparticles. Such a product may be used among bioreactor applications for targeted drug delivery in biosensors or bioimaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Preparation of CLEAs, the microsized enzyme structures without a carrier, is described as well. Their main advantage is very simple preparation, where two steps, precipitation of the enzyme and cross‐linking, are joined. A broad spectrum of enzymes for CLEA preparation has been used and many biotechnological reactions are catalyzed. The improvement in CLEA preparation to enhance their stability and operability is also shown.


Given the magnitude and rate of ongoing climate change, the physiological capacity of species to tolerate extreme conditions will play a key role in influencing outcomes for biodiversity. It is also possible that species will respond to changes in climate by shifting their physiological tolerances, through genetic adaptation. How these processes influence biodiversity outcomes will be crucial in determining the most suitable management responses to retain diversity into the future. Here we assess how accounting for physiological tolerances, genetic adaptation and community assembly processes such as species replacement, influence projected climate change outcomes for the flora of Tasmania (all 2051 plant species). We incorporate these processes into the M‐SET metacommunity model and compare four different assumptions of species niches: realized niches, broader physiological tolerances and low or high capacity for genetic adaptation. Accounting for physiological tolerances rather than realized niches had the largest impact on projected outcomes, with 358 fewer species extinctions in the hottest climate scenario (mean = 30 extinctions). In contrast, adding the capacity for species physiological tolerances to shift through genetic adaptation resulted in little additional benefits for biodiversity outcomes, even under an optimistic level of adaptive capacity. We find that this is due largely to community assembly processes such as species replacement restricting the ability of species to persist and adapt in situ, as has been suggested from theoretical metacommunity models applied in simple artificial settings. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for species physiological tolerances and community‐level processes in biodiversity projections, while the potential role for genetic adaptation may be small, requiring further exploration in alternative contexts.


The work done here involved estimating the extent of bullying in Latin American schools and its impact on the academic achievement of primary school students. Pupils' socio-demographic characteristics were analysed and linked with bullying. Three- and four-multilevel models were applied to data from the Second Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (serce) conducted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (unesco), analysing 2,969 schools, 3,903 classrooms and 91,223 sixth-grade students in 16 Latin American countries (not including Mexico for the association between school bullying and academic performance). The study found that bullying is a serious problem throughout the region; students who suffer peer aggression yield a significantly lower performance in reading and math than those who do not; and those in classrooms with more episodes of physical or verbal violence perform worse than those in less violent classroom settings.


One of the major reform initiatives in education involves the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. While many positive results may occur from this integrated approach to education, such as increased academic achievement of special needs students (Willis, 1994), and improved acceptance and interaction between students with and without disabilities (Cole & Meyer, 1991; Sasso & Rude, 1988), concerns have surfaced. A major challenge of inclusion relates directly to the role of teachers in this type of educational setting. They are being asked to assume the added responsibility of successfully meeting the diverse academic needs of the students with special needs through adapted curriculum and techniques, while still providing an instructional setting which is conducive to learning and achievement for all students. Facilitating the learning process in supportive surroundings is obviously not a novel objective. However, with the inclusion of students diagnosed with learning, behavioral, emotional, and social difficulties, the teacher must now ensure a positive academic environment while regularly addressing issues which previously had fallen rather exclusively within the domain of special education. One of these issues focuses on student behavioral management and the provision of appropriate behavioral interventions. Inclusion is requiring teachers to adjust their conceptualization of behavioral management to include a broader range of students (Kilgore & Rubin, 1995), including those with serious learning and behavioral concerns. Consequently, educators may need to extend their knowledge base beyond what they have traditionally used as classroom and behavioral management techniques, to ensure a repertoire of available options. It is incumbent upon educators to examine alternative behavioral management strategies conducive to implementation in the inclusive setting. One such method borrows concepts from solution-focused counseling interventions. While discourse regarding the use of solution-- focused brief counseling as a therapeutic and clinical technique may be found in the professional literature (Elliott, 1985; Epstein, 1992; Hoyt, Strong, Corcoran, & Robbins, 1993; Kelly, Hall, & Miller, 1989; Loar, 1995; Mallinckrodt, 1993; Steenbarger, 1992), its movement into the school setting is relatively recent. There is some discussion of its practice by school counselors (Littrell, Malia, Nichols, Olson, Nesselhuf, Crandell, 1992; Littrell, Malia, & Vanderwood, 1995; Sklare, 1997), but there is little information on how concepts from this theory could be used by teachers. We intend to demonstrate the utility of this approach and its potential for successful implementation by teachers with students with special needs in inclusive classrooms. Why Alternatives to Traditional Behavior Management Techniques are Needed in Inclusive Classrooms Often, educators have relied on some type of behavior modification to encourage behavioral change in students. This has been particularly true of special education teachers who have used behavioral strategies with some degree of frequency (Bender, 1998). Generally, behavior modification strategies can be categorized according to procedures which increase behaviors and those which decrease behaviors (Morgan & Jenson, 1988). Examples of behavior modification techniques include positive reinforcement programs (Alberto & Troutman, 1995; Lerner, 1997), time-out procedures (Mercer, 1997), and the removal of reinforcers, such as privileges, for the occurrence of unacceptable behaviors (Simpson, 1998). Techniques of behavior modification may often be the most efficacious response to resolving particular problems or increasing appropriate behaviors in specific students with special needs (Simpson, 1998; Walker, Colvin, & Ramsey, 1995). However, as with most intervention techniques, they do have limitations. …


It has been reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 and placenta growth factor (PlGF) can induce differentiation of osteoclasts via Flt-1, because Flt-1 is the common receptor of these two factors. However, little is known about osteoclast differentia-tion via Flk-1, which is one of the main receptors for VEGF165. VEGF-E showed potent stimulatory activity to endothelial cell growth vascular permeability similar to those of VEGF165 via Flk-1 but not Flt-1. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether VEGF-E can induce osteoclast and the receptors of VEGF families for osteoclast differentiation. Ten μg VEGF-E was injected into 11-day-old op/op mice and the number of osteoclasts was ob-served 3 days after the injection. The effects of both Flt-1- and Flk-1- neutralizing antibodies against the injection of VEGF165 were also observed. Finally, the expression of these recep-tors in osteoclast precursors (OCP) was examined. After VEGF-E injection into op/op mice, many osteoclasts were induced. However, the number was less than that induced by VEGF165. The number of osteoclasts induced by VEGF165 was significantly reduced by the injection of either Flt-1- or Flk-1- neutralizing antibodies. Flt-1 and Flk-1 were clearly de-tected in OCP at both the mRNA and protein levels. We concluded that VEGF-E can also induce many osteoclasts in op/op mice. Furthermore, it is suggested that the VEGF165 signal for osteoclast differentiation is mediated via both Flt-1 and Flk-1.


A photophysical study, employing linear optical and femtosecond two-dimensional electronic spectroscopies, of two conjugated copolymers in solution is reported. The study focuses on the effect of backbone conformation on the properties and dynamics of excitons. For the predominantly planar copolymer, poly((4,8-diethylhexyloxyl) benzo([1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene)-2,6-diyl)-alt-((5-octylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-1,3-diyl) (PBDTTPD), the dipole moment of excitons was found to be unchanged upon photoexcitation, and no excitonic relaxation was detected within 1 ps. For poly[N-11′′-henicosanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-thienyl-2′.1′.3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT), however, bathochromic shifts of the absorption and fluorescence spectra as a function of solvent polarity indicate a change in dipole moment of approximately 3 Debye upon photoexcitation at the red-edge of the absorption spectrum. Excitation at the PCDTBT absorption maximum, where an ensemble of polymer chains have a predominantly twisted backbone, causes relaxation in the excited state to excitons with stronger charge-transfer character on a timescale of ∼200 fs. This dynamic Stokes shift was not observed when exciting on the PCDTBT absorption red edge, which photo-selects more planar conformations. Ultrafast relaxation in the excited state involving coupled torsional and solvent coordinates increases the charge-transfer character of the exciton. Although there is a concomitant loss of energy, electron-hole correlation (binding) is weakened, which may contribute to the efficiency of organic solar cells based on PCDTBT as an electron donor.


Abnormal epigenetic regulation can cause the nervous system to develop abnormally. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism by which this occurs by investigating the protein complex cohesin, which is considered to regulate gene expression and, when defective, is associated with higher-level brain dysfunction and the developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). We generated conditional Smc3-knockout mice and observed greater dendritic complexity and larger numbers of immature synapses in the cerebral cortex of Smc3+/− mice. Smc3+/− mice also exhibited more anxiety-related behavior, which is a symptom of CdLS. Further, a gene ontology analysis after RNA-sequencing suggested the enrichment of immune processes, particularly the response to interferons, in the Smc3+/− mice. Indeed, fewer synapses formed in their cortical neurons, and this phenotype was rescued by STAT1 knockdown. Thus, low levels of cohesin expression in the developing brain lead to changes in gene expression that in turn lead to a specific and abnormal neuronal and behavioral phenotype.


In an attempt to establish the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Fructus ligustri lucidi, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied. The qualitative model can identify nine alcohol-broiled products from eight different geographical origins and one crude sample with a factorization algorithm and pretreatment of the second-derivative (2-Der). For the quantitative models, a partial least squares (PLS) algorithm with optimum parameters was applied for determination of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) in Fructus ligustri lucidi. There is no significant difference for the observed values between the NIRS and HPLC method since the results of the t-tests are 0.590 and 0.441, respectively, both less than t(0.05,19) = 2.093 with a 95% confidence level. The data obtained revealed the proposed NIRS method is viable for the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients in Fructus ligustri lucidi.


Bias crime is crime that is motivated by prejudice or bias towards an attribute of the victim, such as race, religion or sexuality. Police have been criticised for failing to take bias crime seriously, and there is a pressing need to understand the reasons for this failure. This article aims to address this gap by presenting the results of the first empirical study of bias crime policing in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). Drawing on interviews with the NSW Police Force (NSWPF), the study found that sustainable reform in this domain has proven elusive. This can be attributed to a number of key challenges including reporting, recording, identification, framing, community engagement and leadership. The lessons that emerge from the findings have important ramifications for all police organisations.


The grid denotes the electric grid which consists of communication lines, control stations, transformers, and distributors that aids in supplying power from the electrical plant to the consumers. Presently, the electric grid constitutes humongous power production units which generates millions of megawatts of power distributed across several demographic regions. There is a dire need to efficiently manage this power supplied to the various consumer domains such as industries, smart cities, household and organizations. In this regard, a smart grid with intelligent systems is being deployed to cater the dynamic power requirements. A smart grid system follows the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) model, in which Information Technology (IT) infrastructure is integrated with physical systems. In the scenario of the smart grid embedded with CPS, the Machine Learning (ML) module is the IT aspect and the power dissipation units are the physical entities. In this research, a novel Multidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (MLSTM) technique is being proposed to predict the stability of the smart grid network. The results obtained are evaluated against other popular Deep Learning approaches such as Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), traditional LSTM and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). The experimental results prove that the MLSTM approach outperforms the other ML approaches.


Under strong pathogen pressure, insects often evolve resistance to infection. Many insects are also protected via immune memory ('immune priming'), whereby sub-lethal exposure to a pathogen enhances survival after secondary infection. To understand the evolution and consequences of these immune responses, we imposed strong pathogen selection on flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum), infecting them with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for 11 generations. Populations injected first with heat-killed and then live Bt each generation evolved high basal resistance against multiple Bt strains. In contrast, all populations injected only with a high dose of live Bt evolved less effective but strain-specific priming response. Control populations injected with heat-killed Bt did not evolve priming; and in the ancestor, priming was effective only against a low Bt dose. Thus, pathogens can select for rapid modulation of insect priming ability, leading to divergent immune strategies (generalized resistance vs. specific immune priming) with distinct mechanisms and adaptive benefits.


Acacia mangium Willd. and A cacia auriculifotmis A. Cunn. ex. Benth. are two of the
four fast-growing tropical acacias which have received the highest priority for genetic
assessment and improvement. Even though A. mangium was proposed for timber
production in a short rotation but experience has shown that it is impeded by its
susceptibility to heart rot, the multiple leaders (ML) formation, and the tendency of
growth to break off just short of the target of the desired size for sawn timber production.
However, the present work investigated the ML formation, its causes and variation and
concurrently assessed growth performance and examined the patterns of shoot growth
and some physiological traits of eight selected A. mangium and A. auriculiformis
genotypes through establishment of a field trial and three related glasshouse experiments. The field trial was a randomized complete block design with four replications utilizing
eight genotypes four each of the two species at two sites (burnt and unburned). Results at
23 months showed significant differences (P<0.001) between sites for the number of ML
trees/plot, basal diameter, and survival but not for height and between genotypes for ML
trees/plot, basal diameter (P<0.001), height (P<0.01) and survival (P<0.05). The site x
genotype interaction was significant (P< 0.001) only for ML trees/plot.


This book utilizes cuisine to understand the construction of the colonial middle class in Bengal who indigenized new culinary experiences as a result of colonial modernity. This process of indigenization developed certain social practices, including imagination of the act of cooking as a classic feminine act and the domestic kitchen as a sacred space. The process of indigenization was an aesthetic choice that was imbricated in the upper caste and patriarchal agenda of the middle-class social reform. However, in these acts of imagination, there were important elements of continuity from the pre-colonial times. The book establishes the fact that Bengali cuisine cannot be labeled as indigenist although it never became widely commercialized. The point was to cosmopolitanize the domestic and yet keep its tag of 'Bengaliness'. The resultant cuisine was hybrid, in many senses like its makers.


The objectives of the Port Sines Investigation Panel were to collect perishable data on and to identify causes of the failure on February 26, 1978, of the rubble mound breakwater at Port Sines, on the Atlantic Coast of Portugal. This report is a result of that investigation. The structure is the largest of its kind in such an exposed environment, and is situated in a previously untried combination of unusually deep water and high-energy marine setting. Five simplified failure possibilities are evaluated: (1) that design criteria were exceeded by the February 1978 storm: (2) that the breakwater construction was faulty; (3) that the materials used for construction were substandard; (4) that the procedures followed during the design were incoplete or incorrect for this specific set of environmental conditions; (5) that the design was inadequate. The purpose of this investigation was not to find a crucial error or omission but to report on all possible problems, omissions, and errors that could have contributed to the failure. A description of the breakwater project is given, along with details of the design and construction of the project. The physical setting and the storm of February 26, 1978 are also described.


In order to optimize parameters for the ELP-OA project, we have developped an end-to-end model from the laser emission to the computation of the tip-tilt Strehl ratio. ELP-OA aims at measuring the wavefront tip-tilt from the laser guide star alone, without any natural source. It relies on 2-photon excitation of mesospheric sodium, achieved by two laser chains (at 569nm and 589nm) deliv- ering 34W average power each. The modeled twin laser beam is launched with a three aperture interferometer that produces an interferometric pattern in the mesosphere after the passage through a Kolmogorov phase screen. The backscattered flux is computed with an optical Bloch equations code (1). The result of this excitation is an emission at di erent wavelengths. The wavelengths retained are 330nm, 569nm and 589nm. An image of this polychromatic LGS (PLGS) is computed, as it will be observed at the 1.52m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), through a Kolmogorov phase screen again. Then we simulate the adap- tive optics device (adapted from ONERA's BOA AO) at the telescope except for tip-tilt. Air refraction index variations due to atmospheric turbulence create a dispersion between 330nm and 569nm, and the tip-tilt value is derived from this dispersion. This dispersion between 330nm and 569nm is measured using a correlation method and a sub-pixel interpolation. The calculation of the relative position between two simultaneous images at 330nm and 569nm gives a position error, from which the Strehl ratio for tip-tilt is deduced. At this time, we have got Strehl ratios up to approximatively 35% at 550nm, for tilt corrected r0 = 10cm and a projector baseline of 70cm.


A large‐scale injection and tracer test was conducted in highly heterogeneous Au ore under typical mining practices of heap leaching. A total of 24 zero‐tension lysimeters were installed beneath an active Au heap leaching operation and irrigated for 90 d with a cyanide solution. While rapid breakthrough of the wetting front suggesting preferential flow was observed in some lysimeters, the majority of the fluid flow did not follow preferential pathways. Rather, those lysimeters showing the most rapid breakthrough also showed the lowest steady‐state drainage flux, suggesting that while rapid flow through the 6‐ to 8‐m profile could occur, only a small percentage of the applied fluid volume was transmitted through these rapid pathways. Electrical resistivity imaging from the surface showed qualitatively good correlation between observed resistivity and the onset of drainage in adjacent lysimeters and also appeared to track the reaction of the infiltrating fluids with the carbonate ore and a lime amendment. The observation of limited preferential flow supports the empirical observations that heap leaching of Au ore with run‐of‐mine, end‐dumped placed rock is a surprisingly efficient reactor in spite of the large heterogeneity inherent in these materials that would be expected to produce preferential flow.


Abstract : Internal tidal bore events observed at a Monterey Bay inner shelf site are analyzed. A six month data set from the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Inner Shelf Observatory site included water column current velocities and thermal structure data. Isothermal displacements paired with concurrent velocity observations in the water column were used to assess the events individual characteristics as the internal tidal bores shoal and approach the surf zone. The primary hypothesis tested was that if the internal tidal bores observed at MISO had strong along-shore current velocity signatures, then those bores were most likely generated at the Monterey Bay Submarine Canyon edge or were evidence of an internal edge wave. If velocity signatures were primarily cross-shore, then bores would most likely propagate from straight across the shelf westward from their generation site at the continental shelf break. Visual observations of temperature profiles, current vector plots, linear regressions, and histograms were employed to test the relationships between forcing, stratification, and internal tidal bore forms. The unique aspect of this research is the focus on shoaling effects of internal tidal bores after they have traversed the continental shelf and impinge on the nearshore. Additionally, coastlines with significant bathymetric features, like Monterey Bay, are of operational interest to the military and are prime generation sites for these internal bore and soliton events. Internal tidal bores can directly impact naval special operations; specifically, amphibious landings and SEAL Delivery Vehicle operations. Understanding where and how bore and soliton events are generated is beneficial to nearshore modelers and operators.


Abstract Tree-ring width and glacier mass balance are two highly sensitive climatic proxies which are often used as indicators of biological and geophysical changes in high-altitude ecosystems. Tree-ring data have been widely used to reconstruct past temperatures and also to reconstruct past glacier mass balance. Here we show that tree-ring chronologies from a high-altitude Pinus cembra L. dendroclimatic network and glaciers from the same region in the European Alps have non-stationary responses to air temperature, and have also been responding non-proportionally to temperature extremes in recent decades. Both ring-width chronologies and the mass-balance series of some glaciers from the same region have shown an increasing sensitivity to summer (JJA) temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity to climate of tree-ring chronologies and glacier mass balance may change over time and has been increasing in recent decades, posing some limitations to tree-ring-based glacier mass-balance reconstruction. Moreover, we found these reconstructions in the European Alps are more reliable for large rather than for small glaciers, and may not be able to reveal years of extreme ablation that could have occurred in the past.


The number of patients seeking complementary and alternative medicines combined with conventional treatments has grown considerably over the past decade. To meet the growing demand, a dedicated oncology integrative medicine program was initiated in the Beaumont Health System to address the needs of this patient population. Due to its resounding success and patient satisfaction, as evidenced by patient utilization and testimonials and physician referrals, the program was expanded across the healthcare system to every medical specialty. This study outlines how the program was implemented and its business model. A number of methods were used to evaluate the feasibility of starting the program and determine the services required. Financial analyses were developed to understand the costs associated with starting the program without financial assistance. In 2006, an Integrative Medicine program was launched in the Beaumont Cancer Institute (Royal Oak, MI). The initial offering for patients was clinical massage; however, the program rapidly expanded. Currently, services include clinical massage, a clinical massage training program, Reiki, guided imagery, acupuncture, and naturopathic medicine. Patients and physicians expressed satisfaction with the increasing number of complementary services offered at the institution, and the services are heavily utilized. In 2012, the program had more than 18,000 patient visits, of which, 10,191 were for clinical massage, 6,515 for acupuncture, and 1,030 for naturopathic medicine. In this study of developing and implementing an Integrative Medicine program in a large healthcare system, it is shown that a successful program could be initiated with the appropriate planning and support from administration. The program is shown to be financially viable, as the Integrative Medicine ( IM ) department has become self-sufficient and no longer requires financial support from other hospital departments, and the numerous testimonials indicate that the program has been rewarding for practitioners, staff, and patients.


We propose and analyze a new technique for optical pulse shaping that uses fiber Bragg gratings, which overcomes the depletion effects associated with long uniform gratings operating in the weak-grating limit (Born approximation). Our approach requires a simple linear reflection of the original input pulse to be shaped from a suitable apodized linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating and is based on the fact that, under certain conditions, the spectral and temporal reflection impulse responses of the grating are scaled versions of its corresponding apodization profile. Temporal waveforms in the picosecond/nanosecond regime can be accurately synthesized with this approach.


Family Medicine is an emerging speciality in sub-Saharan Africa and yet potential interest in the contribution of Family Medicine to health, primary care and district health services is limited by the lack of a regional definition. Governments, health departments and academic institutions would benefit from a clearer understanding of Family Medicine in an African context. The 2nd African Regional WONCA (World Organisation of Family Doctors) Conference, held in Rustenberg, South Africa in October 2009, engaged participants from sub-Saharan Africa in the development of a consensus statement on Family Medicine. The consensus statement agreed to by the conference defined the contribution of Family Medicine to equity, quality and primary health care within an African context, as well as the role and training requirements of the family physician. Particular attention was given to the contribution of women in Family Medicine.


Existing data suggest that the self-enhancement and self-protection motivations (which elevate or protect the positive self-concept) exert a pivotal influence on self-evaluation and behavior. Moreover, these motivations are more potent than the self-assessment motivation (which works to increase the accuracy of the self-concept) or the self-verification motivation (which works to confirm the self-concept). The data also suggest that the self-enhancement and self-protection motivations serve crucial mental health functions and that these functions are apparent across different cultures. This article relates these findings to the possible evolutionary utility of these motivations. It is argued that self-enhancement and self-protection motivations were evolutionarily selected, because they offered personal, relational, and group-rank advantages to species members who possessed these traits.


It is well known that non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic effects are important in the dynamics of molecular clouds: both ambipolar diffusion and possibly the Hall effect have been identified as significant. We present the results of a suite of simulations with a resolution of 512 of turbulent decay in molecular clouds incorporating a simplified form of both ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect simultaneously. The initial velocity field in the turbulence is varied from being superAlfvenic and hypersonic, through to trans-Alfvenic but still supersonic. We find that ambipolar diffusion increases the rate of decay of the turbulence increasing the decay from t to t. The Hall effect has virtually no impact in this regard. The power spectra of density, velocity and the magnetic field are all affected by the non-ideal terms, being steepened significantly when compared with ideal MHD turbulence with exponents. The density power spectra components change from ∼ 1.4 to ∼ 2.1 for the ideal and non-ideal simulations respectively, and power spectra of the other variables all show similar modifications when nonideal effects are considered. Again, the dominant source of these changes is ambipolar diffusion rather than the Hall effect. There is also a decoupling between the velocity field and the magnetic field at short length scales. The Hall effect leads to enhanced magnetic reconnection, and hence less power, at short length scales. The dependence of the velocity dispersion on the characteristic length scale is studied and found not to be power-law in nature. Subject headings: MHD ISM: kinematics and dynamics ISM: magnetic fields methods: numerical


Changes in membrane potential contribute to many cellular processes. Voltage-gated ion channels are the plasma membrane proteins most often considered to be the proteins responsive to changes in membrane potential. However, Ben-Chaim et al. pursued some previous observations suggesting that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mAchR responses are voltage-sensitive. RNAs for muscarinic type 1 (m1R) or type 2 (m2R) receptors, along with necessary downstream effectors, were injected into Xenopus oocytes. The authors showed that the m2R responses and acetylcholine (ACh) binding were decreased at depolarized potentials. In contrast, m1R responses and ACh binding were increased at depolarized potentials. Thus, the difference in response and binding were not the consequence of charge repulsion due to positive membrane potentials decreasing the ability of the positively charged ACh to access the receptors. In oocytes treated with pertussis toxin to decrease m2R coupling to the G protein, binding of ACh was decreased at all potentials and concentrations of ACh compared with those of untreated oocytes. Therefore, the authors propose that membrane potential influences G protein-receptor coupling, such that for example, at resting membrane potentials, m2R and its cognate G protein are associated, which maintains the receptor in its high-affinity state. Y. Ben-Chaim, O. Tour, N. Dascal, I. Parnas, H. Parnas, The M2 muscarinic G-protein-coupled receptor is voltage-sensitive. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 22482-22491 (2003). [Abstract] [Full Text]


Jacques Ranci re has continually unsettled political discourse, particularly through his questioning of aesthetic "distributions of the sensible," which configure the limits of what can be seen and said. Widely recognized as a seminal work in Ranci re's corpus, the translation of which is long overdue, Mute Speech is an intellectual tour de force proposing a new framework for thinking about the history of art and literature. Ranci re argues that our current notion of "literature" is a relatively recent creation, having first appeared in the wake of the French Revolution and with the rise of Romanticism. In its rejection of the system of representational hierarchies that had constituted belles-letters, "literature" is founded upon a radical equivalence in which all things are possible expressions of the life of a people. With an analysis reaching back to Plato, Aristotle, the German Romantics, Vico, and Cervantes and concluding with brilliant readings of Flaubert, Mallarm , and Proust, Ranci re demonstrates the uncontrollable democratic impulse lying at the heart of literature's still-vital capacity for reinvention.


Tropical coral reef teleosts are exclusively ectotherms and their capacity for physical and physiological performance is therefore directly influenced by ambient temperature. This study examined the effect of increased water temperature to 3 °C above ambient on the swimming and metabolic performance of 10 species of damselfishes (Pomacentridae) representing evolutionary lineages from two subfamilies and four genera. Five distinct performance measures were tested: (a) maximum swimming speed (Ucrit), (b) gait‐transition speed (the speed at which they change from strictly pectoral to pectoral‐and‐caudal swimming, Up−c), (c) maximum aerobic metabolic rate (MO2−MAX), (d) resting metabolic rate (MO2−REST), and (e) aerobic scope (ratio of MO2−MAX to MO2−REST, ASC). Relative to the control (29 °C), increased temperature (32 °C) had a significant negative effect across all performance measures examined, with the magnitude of the effect varying greatly among closely related species and genera. Specifically, five species spanning three genera (Dascyllus, Neopomacentrus and Pomacentrus) showed severe reductions in swimming performance with Ucrit reduced in these species by 21.3–27.9% and Up−c by 32.6–51.3%. Furthermore, five species spanning all four genera showed significant reductions in metabolic performance with aerobic scope reduced by 24.3–64.9%. Comparisons of remaining performance capacities with field conditions indicate that 32 °C water temperatures will leave multiple species with less swimming capacity than required to overcome the water flows commonly found in their respective coral reef habitats. Consequently, unless adaptation is possible, significant loss of species may occur if ocean warming of ≥3 °C arises.


This thesis is a constructive work in theology. The aim is to show the centrality of liturgy for theological investigation, exposing how liturgical action at once shapes and gives rise to theological articulation and also manifests an implicit theology. The meaning is in the making, as it were, and this thesis seeks to show the descriptive nature of theology and liturgy as that which makes all theology possible. What is liturgy? Following the earliest usage of leitourgia in the ancient world, and especially as articulated by Saint Paul, Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Irenaeus, I show that the Church's earliest articulation of liturgical action bears an implied ontology of participation, namely in the singular liturgical action of Christ. Liturgy is not, therefore, to be defined or understood as "the work of the people," but rather as the "work of the One for the sake of the many," in which all of creation participates. I argue that the human is to be understood as a liturgical animal who by virtue of her being(-)created is incorporated into the Liturgy God is. I also argue that liturgy names the inter-offering of the Persons of the Trinity, whereby each hypostasis exists as mutually constituting and constituted. The human's participation in this liturgical action is a participation of the whole person, mediated by the materials and movements involved in the liturgical action—liturgy as the mediation of the divine economy. I also show how late medieval liturgical reforms issue a gradual and unwarranted relegation of the laity's involvement in the liturgical action. Although inadvertent, this continual extraction of lay participation serves to secularize their role and extract them from the economy to which the liturgy is meant to assimilate. All of this is to expose how the liturgical action, which was vastly influential to the social imaginary of the medieval world, construes and conditions the human more and more along a secular line. Additionally, it is to recover the essential nature of liturgical action for social construction. Indeed, liturgical action as social construction—the embodying of the reciprocal and mutually constituting life of God in whose image the human is created and to whose Being, through Christ the Liturgy, the human has been assimilated, is being-assimilated, and will be assimilated.


Gall stones are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Differences in primary outcomes like mortality and complication proportions (particularly bile duct injuries) are important reasons to choose one of the two operative techniques open or laproscopic Cholecystectomy. The study consists of 100 patients with a diagnosis of calculus cholecystitis that underwent Cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a considerable advancement in the treatment of gall bladder disease .technically the dissection of the cystic artery and cystic duct is very precise and bleeding is easily controlled with less per operative blood loss.LC is associated with less chances of wound infection and there is no risk of wound dehiscence. The only disadvantage of the laparoscopic Cholecystectomy over the open procedure is the duration of operating time which is significantly longer. In cardiac patient or in those patient where general anesthesia's contra indicated, open Cholecystectomy can be carried out in regional anesthesia and in such patient when duet o co2 inflation cardiac arrhythmia can be provoked open Cholecystectomy is better option.


Commercial pressures on time-to-market often require the development of software in situations where deadlines are very tight and non-negotiable. This type of development can be termed 'time-constrained software development.' The need to compress development timescales influences both the software process and the way it is managed. Conventional approaches to modelling tend to treat the development process as being linear, sequential and static. Whereas, the processes used to achieve timescale compression in industry are iterative, concurrent and dynamic. That is, they replace the notion of 'right-first-time' with one of 'right-on-time.' In this paper we propose a new modelling technique, called Capacity-Based Scheduling (CBS), to control risk across a portfolio of time-constrained projects. We show how schedule constraints can be modelled in order to predict the consequences of alternative plans and control schedule risk across a portfolio of time-constrained projects.


In reflecting on Victorian studies and its publics, we must remember the peculiar history of the term Victorian—a historical characterization that emerged even while the queen still reigned, a derisive caricature on the part of early twentieth-century writers, and an academic definition of a field of study. Because the Victorians were the first to experience many of the changes fundamental to modern society, Victorian studies has a particular resonance for its many publics.


Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites (GFRP) have become an attractive construction material for civil engineering applications due to their excellent corrosion resistance, design flexibility, and high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratios. However, research related to the flexural behaviour of concrete filled GFRP tubes is very limited, especially with regards to developing high strength and lightweight composite beams. Therefore, this research project has developed and investigated the behaviour of a new composite beam, termed 'multi-celled GFRP beam', which was made by gluing together a number of pultruded GFRP tubes and then filled with low-strength concrete.

Firstly, the effective elastic properties of the pultruded GFRP tubes were evaluated by testing full-scale specimens with different shear span-to-depth ( ) ratios. The flexural ( ) and shear ( ) moduli of the GFRP tubes were then calculated using back calculation ( ) and simultaneous ( ) methods. The results showed that the method gives a more reliable elastic properties of pultruded hollow GFRP sections compared with SM and coupon tests. In addition, the full-scale test can accurately capture the local buckling failure of the compression flange of the GFRP section and the contribution of shear deformation, which is impossible to capture using a coupon specimen due to the discontinuity of the fibres. The compression buckling failure can significantly affect the ultimate failure load of GFRP sections and result in the section utilising only half of its design capacity.

Secondly, the effect of filling the pultruded GFRP single sections with concrete of different compressive strengths on the flexural behaviour was investigated. Three different compressive strengths of concrete, i.e. 10 MPa, 37 MPa, and 43.5 MPa, were used to fill the hollow pultruded tubes. These beams were then tested under 4-point static bending. The results indicated that the concrete filling improved the flexural behaviour of GFRP tubes. The beams filled with concrete of 10 MPa compressive strength showed a 100% increase in strength, while the beams filled with concrete of 43.5 MPa compressive strength exhibited a 141% increase in strength, compared to the hollow sections. However, both concrete filled beams showed an approximately similar stiffness suggesting that low-strength concrete is a practical solution to filling the GFRP tubes.

Thirdly, multi-celled GFRP beams were developed, and the flexural behaviour of this new beam concept was investigated. Beams with 1, 2, 3, and 4 cells were tested in hollow and concrete-filled configurations. From the experimental outcomes, it was found that gluing the pultruded GFRP profiles together can help stabilise the section and effectively utilise the high strength of the fibre composite materials. Moreover, the provision of a concrete core in the top cells significantly enhanced the bending strength and stiffness of the GFRP sections, due to the concrete supporting the tube walls and delaying the local buckling. Similarly, the increased number of cells in the cross-section changed the failure mode from compression buckling to bearing.

Finally, a simplified prediction equation, based on the maximum stresses of the GFRP materials and incorporating the shear span-to-depth ratio and local buckling, was developed. This model was used in a parametric study to evaluate the effect of the number of cells, shear span-to-depth ratio, and filling percentage on the flexural behaviour of the multi-celled GFRP beams. The results indicated that the increased number of cells enhanced the capacity of the hollow and concrete-filled beams. Similarly, the failure of the hollow beams will be governed by either the buckling failure of the compression flange of the top cell or the bearing failure, while the concrete filled beams will be affected by either bearing failure of the hollow cell under the filled cells or web buckling of the top-filled cell. It was also established that the multi-celled beams with a concrete infill at the top cell only would have a higher strength-to-weight ratio compared to their hollow beam counterparts. Furthermore, a failure mechanism map was developed to help identifying the possible failure mode for any combinations of GFRP tubes and concrete.

An in-depth understanding of the behaviour of multi-celled GFRP beams, with and without concrete infill, was the significant outcome of this study. Moreover, the newly developed multi-celled GFRP section, filled with a low compressive strength concrete at the top cell only, showed high potential for structural applications that need high strength, high stiffness, and lightweight characteristics.


This document specifies the design of a rangefinder to measure distances based on a PSOC (Programmable System-on-Chip) device of Cypress for two environmental applications:
• Optimization of the addiction to the amount of product for the protection
of plants during the growing season
• Water level control for irrigation canals or water tanks
The detection range is between 0.15 m and 1 m obtained through ultrasonic sensors, MA40B8S and MA40B8R, from Murata.
Evaluation kit CY8CKIT-014 has been used in the the which contains PSoC CY8C5588AXI, both from Cypress, the last one is the most important component of the master, because on this device is set up, through PSoC
Creator application, all the functions and objectives of the master.
Giving more freedom in locating the rangefinder, it has been designed two
prototypes: one which is the own rangefinder and another which receive the distance data, through wireless communication with AWP24S device from Artaflex, and send to a PC. Both designs are autonomous power supply through 9 V lithium batteries.
Finally, it is implemented an application in LabView to represent graphically and store data in PC.


Orthologs of the mammalian nutrient sensor AMPK inhibit Hippo signaling in Drosophila. Organ size during development is regulated by the Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway. When activated, Hippo phosphorylates and activates the kinase Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki), which binds to 14-3-3 proteins and is retained in the cytosol. In the absence of Hpo signaling, unphosphorylated Yki translocates to the nucleus, where it stimulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth. Noting that the activities of Hpo and Wts are facilitated by their interaction with the scaffold proteins Salvador (Sav) and Mats, Wehr et al. searched for other regulators of Hpo signaling. They combined a protein-protein interaction detection method with an RNA interference (RNAi)–based screen in a Drosophila cell line and identified the gene CG42856, which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3), as a negative regulator of Hpo signaling. The SIK proteins are members of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase (AMPK) proteins, which are sensors of cellular energy. Knockdown of Sik2 or Sik3 in Drosophila cells increased the extent of Yki phosphorylation and decreased the expression of Yki target genes. In transgenic flies, expression of active Sik2 induced wing growth, whereas depletion of the Sik proteins had the opposite effect. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and Western blot analyses showed that Sik2 and Sik3 bound to and phosphorylated the scaffold protein Sav. Phosphorylation of Sav disrupted its interaction with Hpo and Wts, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of Yki. Together, these data suggest that SIK proteins inhibit Hpo signaling in Drosophila, implicating Sik2 and Sik3 in growth control during development. M. C. Wehr, M. V. Holder, I. Gailite, R. E. Saunders, T. M. Maile, E. Ciirdaeva, R. Instrell, M. Jiang, M. Howell, M. J. Rossner, N. Tapon, Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila. Nat. Cell Biol. 15, 61–71 (2013). [PubMed]


Thank you for downloading effective psychology for sales managers. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this effective psychology for sales managers, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop. effective psychology for sales managers is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the effective psychology for sales managers is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Intrahepatic splenic tissue is uncommon being reported to date in three humans and one pig. This report is of a 54 year old man with chronic asthma who died from acute bronchial asthma. Twenty years previously he had undergone a splenectomy (the spleen was histologically normal). Necropsy revealed a well defined, smooth bordered, bilobed red mass on the left hepatic lobe; one lobe projected outwards the other was embedded in the liver. Histologically the mass was splenic tissue. This case of intrahepatic splenic tissue differing from the three human cases reported previously in that there was a common capsule beneath which splenic pulp directly abuts on hepatic tissue. This suggests that this case is more probably one of hyperplasia of congenitally ectopic splenic tissue following splenectomy rather than limited splenosis after implantation onto the serosal surface of splenic tissue released by trauma. Splenic ectopia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions detected post-splenectomy and the liver should be considered as a possible site of residual splenic tissue if splenic function returns following splenectomy.


Abstract The strategy of the European fusion programme for demonstrating as quickly as possible that nuclear fusion is an economically and environmentally attractive source of energy is outlined. One element of detailing that strategy is a series of physics scoping studies of a demonstration fusion reactor. These studies are briefly described, as are some of their consequences for the definition of the EU fusion programme that should precede and accompany ITER.