This thesis proposes a novel approach for exploring Information Extraction scenarios. Information Extraction, or IE, is a task aiming at finding events and relations in natural language texts that meet a user's demand. However, it is often difficult to formulate, or even define such events that satisfy both a user's need and technical feasibility. Furthermore, most existing IE systems need to be tuned for a new scenario with proper training data in advance. So a system designer usually needs to understand what a user wants to know in order to maximize the system performance, while the user has to understand how the system will perform in order to maximize his/her satisfaction.
In this thesis, we focus on maximizing the variety of scenarios that the system can handle instead of trying to improve the accuracy of a particular scenario. In traditional IE systems, a relation is defined a priori by a user and is identified by a set of patterns that are manually crafted or acquired in advance. We propose a technique called Unrestricted Relation Discovery, which defers determining what is a relation and what is not until the very end of the processing so that a relation can be defined a posteriori. This laziness gives huge flexibility to the types of relations the system can handle. Furthermore, we use the notion of recurrent relations to measure how useful each relation is. This way, we can discover new IE scenarios without fully specifying definitions or patterns, which leads to Preemptive Information Extraction, where a system can provide a user a portfolio of extractable relations and let the user choose them.
We used one year news articles obtained from the Web as a development set. We discovered dozens of scenarios that are similar to the existing scenarios tried by many IE systems, as well as new scenarios that are relatively novel. We have evaluated the existing scenarios with Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) event corpus and obtained reasonable performance. We believe this system will shed new light on IE research by giving various experimental IE scenarios.


Set during the Jacobite rising in Scotland in 1745, this novel springs from Scott's childhood recollections and his desire to preserve in writing the features of life in the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland. Waverley was first published anonymously in 1814 and was Scott's first novel. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.


Antioxidants from natural sources have been viewed as protective against many diseases. However, it is unclear whether different antioxidants have the same effects in any particular cellular scenario. Using involucrin expression as a marker of differentiation, Balasubramanian and Eckert compared the effects of EGCG [(–) epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a polyphenol from green tea] with those of curcumin (diferuloylmethane or turmeric, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa), two plant-derived antioxidants reported to inhibit skin cancer. EGCG stimulated transcription of a gene reporter containing the human involucrin (hINV) promoter and increased the amount of involucrin in human keratinocytes. Mutational analysis indicated that this activation depended on a C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) site. C/EBPα, β, and γ expression vectors also stimulated hINV transcription, and EGCG treatment increased C/EBPα and C/EBPβ in keratinocyte nuclear extracts and C/EBP binding to the hINV C/EBP site. Curcumin did not itself increase hINV transcriptional activity, and it antagonized the effects of EGCG. Having previously shown that EGCG activates hINV expression through a Ras-MEKK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1)-MEK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3)-p38δ signaling cascade, the authors transfected cells with MEKK1 or with activated Ras and found that curcumin inhibited their activation of the hINV reporter, which indicated that it acts downstream of MEKK1. Curcumin inhibited not only the EGCG-dependent increase in C/EBP but also an increase due to C/EBP overexpression; pharmacological analysis suggested that this reduction in C/EBP depended on proteasome activity. Thus, the specific effects of different natural antioxidants may vary and combining multiple antioxidants may lead to unanticipated results. S. Balasubramanian, R. L. Eckert, Green tea polyphenol and curcumin inversely regulate human involucrin promoter activity via opposing effects on CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein function. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 24007-24014 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]


Libya is following the trend observed in developing countries of steadily becoming more obese, such that obesity in Libya has reached epidemic proportions in the twenty-first century. The prevalence of obesity in Libya has more than doubled in the last three decades, with the numbers of overweight and obese adults being continuing to grow. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyan men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Libyan population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 401 Libyan adults randomly from the Benghazi electoral register. Qualified nurses were allocated to take anthropometric measurements (including visceral fat and Body Mass Index (BMI)) from participants using the Segmental Body Composition Analyser and a portable Stadiometer. The response rate achieved in this cross-sectional study was 78%. Four hundred and one Libyan adult, aged 20-65 years, participated; 253 were female (63%). The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and normal weight among Libyan adults was 42.4%, 32.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. The results also revealed that approximately 75.3% of Libyan adults were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women was significantly higher than that in men (the prevalence of overweight was 33.2% in women compared to 32.4% in men, while the prevalence of obesity was 47.4% in women compared to 33.8% in men, respectively). The findings of this study confirmed that obesity and overweight are the fastest growing issues and have become one of the most serious public health challenges confronting the Libyan authorities. As the obesity epidemic in Libya continues to escalate, with a complete absence of prevention interventions to reduce obesity, more research is desperately needed to follow the trend of gender difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyans adults across the Libyan state to improve the effective interventions for preventing obesity.


As part of New Zealandrs 10 year road safety strategy, Safer Journeys, people need help to understand the benefits of travelling at safer speeds. From surveys of vehicle speeds and of public attitudes to road safety, the majority of road users broadly recognise the risks of speeding and support enforcement of the speed limit. However, speed-related crashes remain a significant part of the road toll, and a significant percentage of vehicles continue to exceed posted speed limits. In summary, many people do not put their understanding of speed risk into practice. In a safe system, road users have greater understanding of human vulnerability and the strong link between speeds and serious trauma, and greater tolerance towards other users' mistakes. Target audience research, through individual and group interviews, advertising concept tests, and attitude surveys, reveals the messages from safety agencies are disconnected from the views of their audiences. This paper discusses a new approach in New Zealand which attempts to engage with the driving public in the same conversational space that they themselves talk and think about speed. Two recent pieces of advertising communication will be presented, addressing human vulnerability in crashes, and driving attitudes which encourage tolerance. A key measure is the level and change in public conversations about road safety and speed, obtained using social media analytical tools. The results so far will include public reaction and attitude shifts, changes in the language and content of social media conversations, and changes if any in observed speeds and crash rates.


Migrant organizations are of vital importance for countries of residence and countries of origin, but the empirical and theoretical knowledge of the cross-border character of migrant organizations remains incomplete.

It is clear that migrant transnationalism challenges the governance of nation-states on the local and national levels. This book, the outcome of an ECPR joint session, systematically and empirically analyzes the differing roles that transnational migrant organizations play in their countries of residence and origin. Drawing on research conducted in Belgium, England, Germany, Holland, Poland and Portugal, it focuses on the relations between migrant organizations and the state. Offering an opportunity for comparative analysis, it also examines why migrants and their organizations engage in different forms of border crossing activities, and how various political systems influence, and are influenced by these forms of engagement.


Objective: This paper reports the iterative redesign, feasibility and usability of the Comprehensive Mobile Assessment of Pressure (CMAP) system's mobile app used by Veterans with SCI. Design: This three-year, multi-staged study used a mixed-methods approach. Setting: Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants: Veterans with spinal cord injury (N = 18). Interventions: Veterans with spinal cord injury engaged in iterative focus groups and personal interviews, sharing their needs and desires for the CMAP app redesign. App developers used these data for the redesign. The redesigned CMAP app was tested for six-weeks in users' homes. Outcome Measures: Quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) methods measured feasibility for self-management of seating pressure. Qualitative data were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and coded. Survey data were analyzed using summary statistics. Results: After the CMAP system's redesign, the in-home use interview found: (1) any tool that can assist in prevention and monitoring of skin ulcers is important; (2) the desired key features are present in the app; (3) the main barrier to CMAP use was inconsistent functionality; (4) when functioning as expected, the live pressure map was the central feature, with reminders to weight shift also of high importance. The survey found: power wheelchair users tended to score closer than manual wheelchair users to the positive response end ranges on two separate surveys. Conclusions: Overall both the power and manual wheelchair users reported that they wanted to use the system, felt confident using the system, and that the functions of the system were well integrated.


This article considers whether the emergence of business models based on free digital delivery of music and other content have rendered copyright protection less necessary or justifiable. Falling production and distribution costs have led many scholars and popular commentators to conclude that creators can and should embrace free distribution models for copyrighted works. In particular, many contend that the recording industry can survive and prosper by producing and freely distributing recordings as a form of advertising for the concert business. Some have further concluded that copyright law may need to change to reflect this new reality. This article assesses such proposals, drawing insights from cultural economics, the literature on the economics of copying, and empirical data regarding the health of the concert industry. When free business models work, they can work quite well (e.g., Google and, long before it, commercial broadcasting). Examination of theory and practice shows, however, that such models are practicable and desirable only under certain, specific circumstances.The success of free business models depends on a fairly tight link between the free content and a sufficiently remunerative good or service. Concert revenue is not particularly tightly linked to free recordings - certainly not as tightly as examples such as open source software and support services, or online children's games and plush toys. Moreover, the concert business is lucrative mostly for older, well-established acts. The data collected here on concert revenues indicates that a handful of older acts now make most of the money in the concert business, while ticket prices for smaller, niche acts have stagnated over the last decade. Although much maligned, the modern record business supports a vast, remarkably diverse variety of recordings. If it had to rely on concert revenue alone, some acts would probably continue to record, but diversity and consumer choice and welfare would likely decrease.The shortcomings of the live performance model indicate that the existence and occasionally tremendous success of "free" business models do not justify wholesale changes in copyright policy or legal doctrine. Business models based on direct sales and supported by copyright still provide tremendous advantages for creators and consumers.


Selecting the best possible cranes and identifying spatial conflict-free locations on sites can result in productivity and safety improvements for large-scale industrial construction projects. In the current practice, experienced lift engineers select cranes based on the heaviest lift and/or the largest lifting radius of the identified crane. This practice is relatively time-consuming, and optimization of the crane's use and location is also difficult. There are many factors which need to be considered during the crane selection process, a reality which further complicates the process. This paper presents a framework which aims at developing a decision support system to enhance the crane selection process and collision-free path planning for large-scale construction projects. This paper utilizes an innovative crane selection matrix in order to establish a process for optimized crane selection for construction projects. The study considers more than 40 different factors in order to reduce time and improve safety for crane operations. Following finalization of crane type (mobile crane versus tower crane), a visualization model to simulate crane operation and identify collision-free crane operation paths is proposed. This process can assist project managers to plan the lifting process more effectively and efficiently. A case study-based approach was utilized to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The methodology was tested in the planning and construction process for boiler house structures in Mannheim, Germany. The project entailed numerous challenges: one of the major tasks was to lift a 102-ton load on the top of the boiler structure through crane collaboration; space limitations on site also presented several challenges related to crane selection, location, and operation processes. Based on the project constraints, the proposed crane selection framework, and the visualization models, two tower cranes were selected and successfully implemented in the case study.


Explore new and creative developments in ambient music and sound art. Artists and theorists will open up new possibilities for thinking and practising a different relationship to noise and music. Join in with talks, interviews and discussions.

The symposium will investigate constructive ways of understanding and producing this disturbing ambience. It will ask: how can we hear ambience differently? How can it make us strange to ourselves again? How can this 'alien sound' generate alternative ways of experiencing space, time and world?

Guest Artists include Marie Thompson, Paul Reket, Dhanveer Singh Brar, Larne Abse Gogarty, Steve Davismoon, Rachael Rosen, Jon Davies, Annalaura Alifuoco, Silvia Battista and Will Scrimshaw.

Programmed in partnership with Liverpool Hope University, Departments of Drama and Philosophy.


Background: Nigeria has a high HIV burden with over 3,500,000 infected and more than 200,000 deaths annually. Since 2004, international donor agencies and implementing partners managed HIV programs in Nigeria. Excellence and Friends Management Care Centre (EFMC) was the first local organization to be funded to provide comprehensive HIV services in Nigeria. Aim: To document the need, processes and products of five years of indigenous HIV programming in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: PEPFAR funded EFMC from 2011 to provide comprehensive HIV services in Nasarawa State and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). EFMC engaged staff, assessed and activated sites, trained and empowered healthcare workers, provided consumables, enrolled clients and provided preventive, treatment and support services. EFMC also strengthened healthcare systems and refurbished and equipped facilities for integrated HIV services. Results: EFMC decentralized, commonized and integrated HIV services in over 120 service delivery points with an average cost per target of US$ 273.12. We tested 623,148 people for HIV. The positivity rate was 3.3% (annual range 1.9–4.5%). We placed 10,150 on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. In addition, we tested 164,746 pregnant women for HIV with 5,442 (3.3%) positive and provided 4,189 (77.0%) positive pregnant women with ARV prophylaxis. More than 500 healthcare workers in HIV program management. Conclusions: EFMC's "commonization" model is cost-effective and efficient. Progressively funding local partners will ensure sustainability of HIV programs. Using program results as national figures will save cost from periodic sentinel studies. Government should support local NGOs to control the HIV epidemic in Nigeria.


Best-selling children's author Reid knows a thing or two about getting kids' attention and holding it. His advice? Cut out the blah-blah-blah and make 'em laugh! In his new book, aimed squarely at the preschool/elementary school crowd, he highlights dozens of programming and title suggestions that are surefire ways to banish young ones' yawns permanently, including Humorous lesson plans, organized by age group, with storytelling tips for maximum yuks Several book lists of the funniest titles published since 2000, encompassing picture books, books for beginning readers, graphic novels and Manga, juvenile fiction, poetry, and other literature More than a dozen original fingerplays, songs, activities and stories, along with a new "Rappin' Rob Rap" With the hilarious ideas and ready-to-use programs in this book, your storytimes will be the laugh factory of the library!


Before gaining recognition as a poet, T.S. Eliot pursued a doctoral degree in philosophy. His dissertation on the philosophy of F.H. Bradley has been a source of longstanding critical dispute. Some read the dissertation as a defense of Bradley's views, while others read it as a repudiation of Bradley in favor of a kind of American philosophical pragmatism. This essay considers whether the dissertation can be properly characterized as pragmatist, despite Eliot's enthusiastic and repeated dismissals of William James' philosophy of truth. Eliot comes closest to a Jamesian view of belief when he writes of the endless ways we can carve up a goose without bones, a metaphor for our ability to take any side in an argument when there are no criteria for determining the single correct position. But he refuses to adopt a pragmatic account of truth that would conclude from the practical equivalence of various epistemological theories that none gets "closer to the truth" than any other. Instead, he suggests that a correct answer to our epistemological questions exists in the "nature of reality," and that this nature can be discovered through logical inference. In maintaining this assumption, Eliot parts ways with James' pragmatism. He would later part ways with academic philosophy as a whole, less for its impracticality than for its pervasive lack of skepticism toward itself: "almost every philosophy seems to begin as a revolt of common sense against some other theory, and ends – as it becomes itself more developed and approaches completeness – by itself becoming equally preposterous – to everyone but its author."


Fission track analysis has been applied to the Stilo–Capo d'Orlando Formation of southern Italy. This is a terrigenous syn-orogenic sedimentary deposit of Oligo-Miocene age that accumulated during a phase of accelerated denudation that affected the nearby crystalline basement rocks of the Calabrian Arc between c. 30 and 15 Ma. Seven conglomerate clasts and two sandstone samples from the base of the formation have produced eight apatite fission-track ages, nine zircon fission-track ages and six apatite confined-track length analyses. The zircon fission-track data confirm that detritus was derived from local Hercynian igneous and metamorphic rocks. In addition, apatite fission-track results from the two sandstone samples reveal that the basal part of the Stilo–Capo d'Orlando Formation was exposed to maximum palaeotemperatures in excess of 70°C after deposition. Despite this, apatite fission track ages much older than those obtained from the in situ crystalline basement source rocks of the Calabrian Are have been acquired. These ages are interpreted as being derived from 'lost cover', that is, rocks originating from the structurally highest levels of the basement complex that have now been completely removed by erosion. Fission track analysis demonstrates that erosion, in addition to previously identified extensional tectonism, was a major factor during accelerated denudation of the Calabrian Are basement rocks during the late Oligocene and early Miocene.


Introduction The goals of the institution are best realized when all its members work towards a common purpose that they construe together. The process of sense-making that leads to the development of the common purpose is described by constructivist theory. Constructivist theory suggests that socially construed reality emerges from relationships that are situated in leadership, which is described as a shared reciprocal process as opposed to a role assumed by a person or persons. (Lambert et al., 2002). When so enabled by chief executives of the university, sponsored programs administrators (SPAs, or research administrators) can and should be the participants in the shared process of leadership. SPAs at baccalaureate universities need adequate support from chief executives to contribute to the leadership at their organizations. Literature discusses several reasons why SPAs need chief executives' support. Some of the reasons include power imbalances that negatively influence the professional behavior of research administrators at universities. (Atkinson & Gilleland, 2007). Additionally, sponsored programs professionals at baccalaureate institutions regularly face challenges and ambiguities stemming from the political, legal, and business context in which they operate. (Lowry & Hansen, 2001). Support from chief university executives does not necessarily require more budgetary resources, staffing, or expensive technology. Instead, or rather in addition, it requires certain actions and behavior on the part of the chief executives. For example, supportive behavior involves communicating to the wider university community the endorsement of SPAs functions and policies, delegating adequate authority to SPAs, and mandating the use of internal processes for all sponsored activities. This study (Hamilton, 2010) focused on the types of support given by the chief executives that do not require financial outlays and that are available to SPA at baccalaureate universities. The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between the support provided for sponsored programs and the support provided to sponsored programs administration (SPA) at baccalaureate universities in the United States as defined by Basic Carnegie classification. (The Carnegie Foundation, 2005). Research Questions and Hypotheses The study sought evidence connecting better support to SPAs with relevant behaviors of chief university executives and with the chief executives' overall support for sponsored programs. The nonfinancial support from chief university executives was compared at public and private universities with different levels of sponsored revenue and different sizes of student enrollment. The following research questions guided this study. Research Question 1: At baccalaureate universities, what is the relationship between the level of support provided by chief executives for sponsored programs, and the level of support provided by chief executives to SPA? The hypothesis was tested that there is a higher level of support to SPA at universities in which chief executives demonstrate higher level of support for sponsored programs. Research Questions 2-4: Is there a difference in the level of support provided for sponsored programs and the level of support provided to SPA between (a) public and private baccalaureate universities; (b) baccalaureate universities with different sizes of student enrollment; and (c) baccalaureate universities with different levels of sponsored revenue? The hypotheses were tested that: (a) there is a significant difference between public and private universities in the levels of support for sponsored programs and to SPA; (b) there is a significant difference in the levels of support for sponsored programs and to SPA between baccalaureate universities with different size of student enrollment; (c) support for sponsored programs and to SPA is greater at the universities with higher levels of sponsored revenue. …


Restrictive language policies for education have been passed in several states in the United States. In 1998, 2000, and 2002, California, Arizona, and Massachusetts passed the most restrictive of these policies, impacting 4.4 million students classified as English language learners (ELLs). This study examines how these policies are currently interpreted and presented to the public on Arizona's Department of Education website, as well as how they are interpreted and presented on the websites of three of the state's largest school districts. We seek to understand how three key elements of the laws—one-year programmatic time limits, Structured English Immersion (SEI) programs, and waiver processes—are conveyed by each text. Using tools from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2003, 2013, 2015), we trace the endurance or disappearance of these elements between texts and across time. Textual differences are discussed as reflecting and perpetuating important contextual differences among the districts.


The object of this study was to evaluate pig culture in Vale do Piranga (Zona da Mata) in Minas Gerais in 2001 technically and managementally. Specifically, it was intended to characterize the administrative and technological profile of pig culture in the area under study. For its characterization in Vale do Piranga, a survey was carried out with the producers, through objective questions and a posterior quantitative analysis. In this area pig culture presents high technical features and efficiency in a confined production system. However, part of the producers in this region have no business point of view and rational technical resources control, especially the financial ones.


In this essay, I analyze the current state of deference that agency interpretations of statutes and rules receive from Wisconsin courts. My goal is two-fold. First, primarily for practitioners, I synthesize and clarify the law as it stands today, given the significant evolutions that have taken place in this area of law in the past few years. Second, for judges and scholars, my aim is to highlight the need for the Court to refound this body of law with a single landmark case setting forth a new, comprehensive treatment which both clarifies the doctrine and brings it into line with first principles.


Abstract. A new lidar system devoted to tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor measurements has been installed at the Maido altitude station facility of Reunion island, in the southern subtropics. To evaluate the performances and the capabilities of the new system with a particular focus on UTLS (Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere) measurements, the Maido Lidar Calibration Campaign (MALICCA) was performed in April 2013. Varying the characteristics of the transmitter and the receiver components, different system configuration scenarios were tested and possible parasite signals (fluorescent contamination, rejection) were investigated. A hybrid calibration methodology has been set up and validated to insure optimal lidar calibration stability with time. In particular, the receiver transmittance is monitored through the calibration lamp method that, at the moment, can detect transmittance variations greater than 10–15%. Calibration coefficients are then calculated through the hourly values of IWV (Integrated Water Vapor) provided by the co-located GPS. The comparison between the constants derived by GPS and Vaisala RS92 radiosondes launched at Maido during MALICCA, points out an acceptable agreement in terms of accuracy of the mean calibration value (with a difference of approximately 2–3%), but a significant difference in terms of variability (14% vs. 7–9%, for GPS and RS92 calibration procedures, respectively). We obtained a relatively good agreement between the lidar measurements and 15 co-located and simultaneous RS92 radiosondes. A relative difference below 10% is measured in the low and middle troposphere (2–10 km). The upper troposphere (up to 15 km) is characterized by a larger spread (approximately 20%), because of the increasing distance between the two sensors. To measure water vapor in the UTLS region, nighttime and monthly water vapor profiles are presented and compared. The good agreement between the lidar monthly profile and the mean WVMR profile measured by satellite MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) has been used as a quality control procedure of the lidar product, attesting the absence of significant wet biases and validating the calibration procedure. Due to its performance and location, the MAIDO H2O lidar will become a reference instrument in the southern subtropics, insuring the long-term survey of the vertical distribution of water vapor. Furthermore, this system allows the investigation of several scientific themes, such as stratosphere–troposphere exchange, tropospheric dynamics in the subtropics, and links between cirrus clouds and water vapor.


Radicalism has recently become a phenomenon. Violences in some areas of Indonesia is a proof. These violences are caused by the conflict that is be partly due to a plurality. These problems have to be overcome in order to shape the unity of the nation. This study will discuss the role of schools in developing the diversity of students in response to the religious plurality in society, which will be focused on how the curriculum is constructed, teaching-learning is done, as well as how the teacher and student's understanding on religious pluralism is, as a result of the education process. With a qualitative research, a case study in SMA Madania Bogor West Java, this study shows that school with a pluralistic based religious education, fits for internalizing the values of pluralism, in turn forming tolerances and inclusiveness.


Axons in the cerebral cortex receive synaptic input at the axon initial segment almost exclusively from γ-aminobutyric acid–releasing (GABAergic) axo-axonic cells (AACs). The axon has the lowest threshold for action potential generation in neurons; thus, AACs are considered to be strategically placed inhibitory neurons controlling neuronal output. However, we found that AACs can depolarize pyramidal cells and can initiate stereotyped series of synaptic events in rat and human cortical networks because of a depolarized reversal potential for axonal relative to perisomatic GABAergic inputs. Excitation and signal propagation initiated by AACs is supported by the absence of the potassium chloride cotransporter 2 in the axon.


Four new species of deep-water agglutinated benthic foraminifera are described from the Oligocene and Miocene of the Congo Fan, offshore Angola. Scherochorella congoensis n.sp., Paratrochamminoides gorayskiformis n.sp., Haplophragmoides nauticus n.sp. and Portatrochammina profunda n.sp. all occur in deep-sea turbiditic shales and sands from the distal section of the Congo Fan.


Data is the driving force of machine learning, with the amount and quality of training data often being more important for the performance of a system than architecture and training details. But collecting, processing and annotating real data at scale is difficult, expensive, and frequently raises additional privacy, fairness and legal concerns. Synthetic data is a powerful tool with the potential to address these shortcomings: 1) it is cheap 2) supports rich ground-truth annotations 3) offers full control over data and 4) can circumvent or mitigate problems regarding bias, privacy and licensing. Unfortunately, software tools for effective data generation are less mature than those for architecture design and training, which leads to fragmented generation efforts. To address these problems we introduce Kubric, an open-source Python framework that interfaces with PyBullet and Blender to generate photo-realistic scenes, with rich annotations, and seamlessly scales to large jobs distributed over thousands of machines, and generating TBs of data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Kubric by presenting a series of 13 different generated datasets for tasks ranging from studying 3D NeRF models to optical flow estimation. We release Kubric, the used assets, all of the generation code, as well as the rendered datasets for reuse and modification.


Ninety percent of the existing building stock in Europe was built before 1990. These buildings are in urgent need for a significant improvement of energy-efficiency through renovation. State-of-the-art renovation solutions are available, but costly and lengthy renovation processes and incomprehensible technical complexities hinder the achievement of a wide impact at a European scale. This paper presents a research on Plug-and-Play (PnP) technologies supported by Building Information Modelling (BIM) to provide affordable, interchangeable and quick-installation solutions to overcome the main barriers of building deep renovation.


We present a (generalizable) method aimed to simultaneously transfer positional and force requirements encoded in a physical human skill (wood planing) from a human instructor to a robotic arm through kinesthetic teaching. We achieve our goal through a novel use of a common sensory configuration, constituted by a force/torque sensor mounted between the tool and the flange of a robotic arm. The robotic arm is endowed with integrated torque sensors at each joint. The mathematical model used to capture the general dynamic of the interaction between the human user and the wood surface is based on Dynamic Movement Primitives. During reenactment of the task, the system can imitate and generalize the demonstrated spatial requirements, as well as their associated force profiles. Therefore, the robotic arm acquires the capacity to reproduce the dynamic profile for in-contact tasks requiring an articulated coordination in the distribution of forces. For example, the capacity to effectively operate the plane on a wood plank over multiple strokes, according to the demonstration of the human instructor.


Abstract : While human tutoring and mentoring are common teaching tools, current US Army standards for training and education are group instruction and classroom training, also known as one-to-many instruction. Recently, the US Army placed significant emphasis on self-regulated learning (SRL) methods to augment institutional training where Soldiers will be largely responsible for managing their own learning. In support of the US Army Learning Model and to provide affordable, tailored, SRL training and educational capabilities for the US Army, the US Army Research Laboratory is investigating and developing adaptive tools and methods to largely automate the authoring (creation), delivery of instruction, and evaluation of computer-regulated training and education capabilities. A major goal within this research program is to reduce the time and skill required to author, deliver, and evaluate adaptive technologies to make them usable by a larger segment of the training and educational community. This research includes 5 interdependent research vectors: individual learner and unit modeling, instructional management principles, domain modeling, authoring tools and methods, and evaluation tools and methods. This report (1 of 6 interdependent research outlines) focuses on individual learner and team modeling research for adaptive training and education. Learner and team models enable adaptive training systems to determine the most appropriate training content and/or methods for each individual or team. The research focuses on the structure of those models and how those models can be used to best adapt training. This outline describes past and current research on learner and team modeling and identifies research gaps that need to be addressed.


Executive Summary Why do some sport management organizations follow the standard rules of business and fail to succeed, while others break the rules and emerge successful? The answer may lie in the acquisition, retention, and development of human capital as a strategy to overcome other commonly noted organizational deficiencies. When faced with explaining declining performance relative to competitive strength in sport organizations, prevailing excuses to the shareholders and other stakeholders seem to include items such as lack of resource acquisitions, inadequate economies of scale or scope, incompetent managers, incompliant performers, or imprudent political agendas (a last ditch effort to divert responsibility on the part of a high-level executive). However, the commonly published management explanations seem to seldom include admissions of poor human capital practices on the part of the organization. The acknowledgment would be a foolish disclosure, since such behavior is an expected component of appointed executive leadership. At the same time, the savvy shareholder knows that these other excuses could at least be mitigated by and sometimes the reason for the lack of human talent within these organizations. Introduction An organization is as strong as the knowledge, skills and abilities that people contribute to it (Darby, 2003). When shareholders hold executive managers responsible for declining competitive positioning of sport enterprises, the excuses supplied usually involve various explanations that appear to overlook the lack of human capital. For instance, executives may blame deficiencies in material resource allocation or capital investments intended to yield economies of scale as reasons for lowered competitive strength. Alternatively, the causes given for declining performance may be assigned to incompetent management, lack of worker compliance, or the admittedly misguided political agendas on the part of key managers. Absent from the list of excuses by management would be the declaration that a lack of adequate human capital is the cause of poor performance. After all, it is the job of managers to acquire, maintain, and develop a pool of talented performers. Hence, the typical stakeholder would not deem this an acceptable excuse for organizational deficiencies. In reality, the truly knowledgeable shareholder would see through all the justifications, knowing that each is a scenario that may be overcome with, and some may be deterrents to, the development of human capital. Both the academic management literature and the anecdotal examples derived from sport management demonstrate the capacity to address issues related to poor performance in sport organizations. The authors of the article present five commonly held management excuses for the loss of competitive positioning and demonstrate how the academic literature may be applied to substantiate, as well as refute these misguided practices in the professional arena. Additionally, anecdotal examples are presented to reinforce management realities that human capital investment is a vital overriding component of other organizational shortcomings in professional sports organizations. The article is not intended to indicate that human capital issues are mutually exclusive of other organizational factors. Rather, 'human capital versus X' refers to the power of talented human capital to overcome unfavorable scenarios relative to issues such as material resource acquisition, economies of scale and scope, leadership, political environments and compliance issues. The authors posit that practitioners may consider a holistic approach inclusive of the literature, as well as personal observations, to determine the validity of commonly held management precepts. Human Capital versus Material Resource Acquisitions Corporate executives may find it necessary to encourage shareholder groups to finance capital investments in material resources to include information technology systems citing competitive advantage as a primary justification. …


This paper reinvestigates the impact of social networking site use by employees on job performance by conducting a methodological replication of Moqbel, Nevo, and Kock (2013) using samples (N=139) from Pakistan. In both studies, social networking site use has significant effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and job satisfaction also has a significant impact on job performance and organizational commitment. In comparison with the U.S., we find that social networking site use in Pakistan has no significant impact on job performance through the mediating effect of job satisfaction, yet has a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In conclusion, although social networking site use does not have an impact on job performance per se, it does have significant effects on other work-related outcomes—job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Future studies are encouraged to methodologically replicate this study in several different countries to examine whether results hold and conceptually replicate this study by measuring presenteeism and work-life balance as mediators to see if the theorizing of the original study holds.


In 1933 and 1935 K. Martin described a new fauna of tertiary Mollusca from asphalt deposits of Buton 1). The collection, consisting of 35 species, shows very characteristic forms, but not a single species is known from recent, pliocene, miocene or eocene deposits. There are some affinities to miocene and recent types and as the fauna is doubtless younger than Mesozoic, Martin had good reasons to consider the fauna younger than the eocene Nanggulan beds of Java but older than the oldest known miocene fauna of the East-Indies (West-Progo beds of Java). He ascribed the Buton fossils to the Upper-Oligocene. According to Hetzel 2), however, the localities of the fossils are situated amidst the so called Sampolakosa-beds of upper-miocene or pliocene age. He tried to give an explanation of the remarkable molluscs of Buton by suggesting that the facies of the deposits might be different from any Mollusca bearing strata hitherto known in the East Indies.


Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a significant community problem. In this study, we examine the perspectives of two groups (young adults who experienced ADV as teens and professionals who work with teens) on ADV prevention/intervention in a community context. We interviewed 88 young adults and 20 professionals. Our research team used Thorne's (2008) interpretive description methods to determine participants' perspectives on community views on ADV, community ADV prevention/intervention programs, and ideal ADV prevention/intervention strategies. Participants perceived most communities as being blind to ADV. They perceived prevention programs as unavailable, inappropriate, or impersonal. Young adults indicated that professionals should use a gradual approach with teens experiencing ADV. Participants suggested that ideal prevention programs should include personal development and education. Helping professionals can use these findings to develop effective community-based ADV prevention/intervention programs.


In order that carbide coatings could be prepared, graphite cuvettes were (1) placed in liquid TiCl4, MoCl5, or WCl6 under reduced pressure to fill the void space in the graphite with metal chloride; (2) allowed to soak for 24 h in water to hydrolyze the metal chloride; (3) heated for 1200 s at 120°C and 10 s at 500°C in an electrothermal atomizer to dry the metal hydroxide and form the oxide; and (4) heated to 1800°C for 30 s to form the carbide. The formation of metal carbide was confirmed by gravimetry and x-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction also indicated the presence of oxide on Ti- and W-treated cuvettes and of multiple metal carbide species on Mo- and W-treated cuvettes. Scanning electron microscopy of Ti-treated cuvettes showed the presence of small particles of a discrete carbide phase. The carbide-treated cuvettes last longer than conventional graphite and show enhanced sensitivities for carbide-forming elements determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption. Their analytical characteristics do not differ significantly from carbide-treated cuvettes prepared by other procedures. It is hypothesized that the primary effect of the metal carbide is to seal the graphite, causing it to be less porous.


Hydroponics has been an increasingly important field of vegetable production. However, a big issue with hydroponics is that certain crops can quickly accumulate high levels of nitrate-N (NO3 ± -N) from the hydroponic system. The objective of this research was to decrease NO3 accumulation and increase the nutritional value and yield of vegetable crops using lettuce and oilseed rape as a model under hydroponic production. In this study, two technologies were applied to leafy vegetable production: 1) using supplementary lighting (blue-violet diode) by manipulating illumination and 2) removing fertilization before harvest for a short term (3 or 5 days), thus providing a practical experiment for improving yield and edible qualities of hydroponic leaf vegetable production. Illumination was applied 4 hours a day (0500–0700 hr and 1700–1900 hr) during good weather, or 12 hours a day during bad weather with insufficient natural light (<2000 lux) during the autumn and winter seasons. Results showed that the lettuce cultivar Ou-Luo and the oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi had increased yield (50.0% and 88.3%, respectively), decreased NO3 content (26.3% and 30.8%, respectively), and increased total soluble solids (24.1% and 30.6%, respectively). The 5-day fertilizer-free treatment before harvest resulted in 19.2%, 6.4%, and 16.5% yield increases; and 26.0%, 24.3%, and 47.8% NO3 decreases in oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi and lettuce cultivars Da-Su-Sheng and Ou-Luo, respectively.


The main life-history traits of the dorado Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, a large Amazonian catfish undertaking the largest migration known for a freshwater fish species (from the nursery area in the estuary of the Amazon to the breeding zones in the head waters of the western Amazon basin close to the Andes), were determined from a 5 year sampling of >15,000 specimens in the Peruvian Amazon. The breeding season occurred during the falling and low-water periods, which is hypothesized to be an adaptation to maximize the chances of young stages to reach the estuary. The size at first sexual maturity was slightly larger for females than males, c. 91 and 83 cm standard length (L(S)), respectively. Both males and females reproduce for the first time at >3 years old. The fecundity per spawning event ranged from 481,734 to 1,045,284 oocytes for females weighing 25 and 34 kg, respectively. Seasonal variations of body condition were similar among sexes, but differed between immature specimens that had a higher condition during the low-water period and lower condition during rising waters, and mature individuals that showed the opposite pattern. The growth characteristics were estimated by L(S) frequency analysis. For females, the best fitting models gave a mean birth date in August, during the height of the breeding cycle, with the following von Bertalanffy growth function parameters: L(Sinfinity) = 153.3, K = 0.29 and t(0) =- 0.37 years. For males, the best fitting model gave a mean birth date in July, also during the height of the breeding period, with L(Sinfinity) = 142, K = 0.30 and t(0) =- 0.36 years. At a given age, females were systematically larger than males and the size difference increased with age. The largest females sampled (148 cm L(S)) was 11 years old and the largest male (134 cm L(S)) was 9 years old. The mortality estimates were higher for males total (Z) = 1.34, natural (M) = 0.52 and fishing (F) = 0.82 than for females (Z = 0.98, M = 0.50, F = 0.48). The life-history patterns of B. rousseauxii are discussed in light of the available knowledge about this species and the understanding of its complex life cycle.


Abstract The coastal zone is under considerable pressure from development and is subject to change. Consequently, shoreline monitoring has grown in importance. Remotely sensed imagery from satellite sensors has been used as an alternative to conventional methods, such as those based on the interpretation of aerial photography and ground-based surveying, for monitoring shoreline position. However, the accuracy of shoreline mapping from satellite sensor imagery has been limited because of the relatively coarse spatial resolution (>10 m) of the sensors commonly used. Because of major practical and financial constraints, very fine spatial resolution (<5 m) data are often impractical for mapping large stretches of shoreline, so refinement of image analysis methods are needed to extract the desired subpixel-scale information from relatively coarse spatial resolution imagery. In this paper, the potential to map the shoreline at a subpixel scale from a soft classification of relatively coarse spatial resolution satellite sensor imagery was evaluated. Unlike conventional approaches, the methods used allowed the shoreline to be mapped within image pixels and have the potential to yield an accurate and realistic prediction of shoreline location. The approach involved the use of a soft image classification to estimate the subpixel-scale thematic composition of image pixels, which were then located geographically through postclassification analysis. Specifically, a contouring and geostatistical method based on a two-point histogram was used to position geographically the shoreline within image pixels. The approach was applied to differently shaped shoreline extracts in imagery at two spatial resolutions. The most accurate prediction of the shoreline position from images with 16- and 32-m spatial resolutions were typically for a simple linear stretch of coast for which the smallest root mean square error values were ≤1.20 m. The shoreline predictions satisfied the map accuracy standards specified for large-scale maps.


The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of spherical aberration on the information content of low-contrast photographic images with specified spread and noise characteristics. In § 1 an outline is given of the basic ideas and the relevant formalism. In § 2 the response functions of monochromats with spherical aberration and defocusing are considered, and their computed values in selected special cases are displayed in figures 3 to 5. A digression is made in § 3 in order to discuss, with the help of these values, a point of topical interest, namely, the variation of best focus with the line frequency of a sinusoidal test object. In § 4 the notion of the equivalent receiving surface of a low-contrast photographic process is introduced and two equivalent receiving surfaces are defined, with the help of some experimental results of Higgins & Jones (1952), which correspond to model photographic processes used with low-contrast objects. In § 5 the mean information density in the images of an aberration-free monochromat is calculated for two model emulsions, at selected noise levels, over a range of focal settings. In both models, the correctly focused images of a random object set are found to contain about one bit per Airy disk when the signal-to-noise ratio is 100 and the effect of defocusing are similar in the two cases. The effect of spherical aberration on information density at different focal settings is then examined in the second model. It appears that, for amounts of fourth-power aberration up to two fringes, the informationally best focus is approximately midway between paraxial and marginal foci, and that the acceptance of a 20% drop in information content corresponds to a focal tolerance of approximately ± ½ fringe.


Proper leadership style helps proper functioning of nurses who are the most frequent experts in hospitals and improves quality of their work. One of the important factors affecting nurses` performance is the behaviors of managers toward them which is due to their personality type. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between personality type and leadership style of nursing managers in Iran-Esfahan medical university hospitals in 2015. Present study is descriptive correlation type. The research community are 150 nursing managers of three levels, Matron, Supervisor and head nurse, from hospitals belonging to Esfahan medical university. Data collection was done by a 3-part questionnaire consisting of demographic information, McCurry and Costa 5-factor personality questionnaire and Renesis Likert questionnaire for determining leadership style. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver. 22 in two level, descriptive and inferential. The average scores of dominant responsible personality among the first, second and third level were 36.33±5.12, 39.59±5.51 and 36.50±6.75, respectively and average scores of dominant organization oriented leadership style were 12.56±1.88, 11.03±4.54 and 12.30±4.40. Hospitals like other organizations require modern leadership styles instead of conventional one. Although organizationoriented leadership has been beneficial to achieve organizational objectives in short term, but in the long term it decreases productivity and job satisfaction because of lack of proper attention to the staff. Thus, applying humanoriented leadership, specially combined leadership will have much better results. Responsible personality is useful for the organization and increases productivity but it seems that in health care department in which interaction with humans is crucial, flexible or extroverted personality is more beneficial.


New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, novel approaches are still required to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive PCa to improve decision making for patients. PSA glycoforms have been shown to be differentially expressed in PCa. In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic.


The basic nonlinear ltering problem for dynamical systems is considered. Approximating the optimal lter estimate by particle lter methods has become perhaps the most common and useful method in recent years. Many variants of particle lters have been suggested, and there is an extensive literature on the theoretical aspects of the quality of the approximation. Still, a clear cut result that the approximate solution, for unbounded functions, converges to the true optimal estimate as the number of particles tends to in nity seems to be lacking. It is the purpose of this contribution to give such a basic convergence result.


Turkey gave its citizens the right to individual petition to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in 1987. In the same year, via legislative decree, State of Emergency Rule which excluded the acts of the administration or responsibility of public servants in the field of emergency issues from judicial review was declared in seven provinces located in the Kurdish region. At the juncture of these two critical shifts that envisaged significant changes in the legal status of millions of people, the human rights violations committed predominantly against Kurds during the state of emergency period were carried to the ECtHR in the absence of an effective and accessible domestic judicial mechanism. In the years that followed, the ECtHR was bombarded with thousands of individual applications from southeast Turkey, whereby the narratives of violence taking place in the 1990s were for the first time heard in a public forum. Yet, despite the thousands of the judgments of the Court finding Turkey guilty of breaching the Convention requirements, the effect of these judgments remained limited at the domestic level as a result of the development of the official narrative of security and counter-terrorism alongside the human rights narratives and reforms. What I propose to do in this thesis is to delve into the dynamics of this dual development of seemingly contradictory narratives – whereby rights given by one hand were taken away by the other – by looking at the cases on alleged incidents of state killings or deaths in detention, submitted to the ECtHR against Turkey prior to May 2009. By looking at the ways of attribution of responsibility to the state and the transformation of the scopes of the cases by the Court in these proceedings, I try to understand the limitations of human rights law in denouncing state violence through locating the silences, exceptions and exclusions in the Court's reasoning.


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One of the main research problems in Structural Bioinformatics is the analysis and prediction of three-dimensional structures (3-D) of polypeptides or proteins. The 1990's Genome projects resulted in a large increase in the number of protein sequences. However, the number of identified 3-D protein structures has not followed the same trend. The determination of protein structure is experimentally expensive and time consuming. This makes scientists largely dependent on computational methods that can predict correct 3-D protein structures only from extended and full amino acid sequences. Several computational methodologies and algorithms have been proposed as a solution to the Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem. We briefly describe the AI techniques we have been used to tackle this problem.


The order Pennatulacea covers a group of specialized and morphologically distinct octocorals found in all oceans from intertidal areas to more than 6000 m in depth. Sea pens constitute an important structural component in marine soft-bottom communities by increasing the complexity of these environments. Despite being both morphologically distinctive and ecologically important, the taxonomy and systematics of sea pens is still poorly understood. Recent molecular studies have shown the existence of convergent morphological features, making the current familial distribution of genera unstable. The genus Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758 was one of the first described octocoral genera. It is the type genus of its family, Pennatulidae. Colonies of this genus have a characteristic morphology. Recent sampling efforts in the northeastern Atlantic have provided a number of colonies initially attributable to the genus Pennatula. Both morphological and molecular (mtMutS, Cox1 and 28S genes) study of this material supports the polyphyletic nature of this genus and the need to resurrect the genus Ptilella Gray, 1870 to accommodate these and other species. A new species, Ptilella grayi n. sp., is described and illustrated. The species Pennatula bayeri is proposed to be a junior synonym of Pennatula bellissima (here also considered in the genus Ptilella).


Life is never dull for Winnie the Witch! In 'Hot Cross Winnie' a trip to the shops turns into a desperate hunt for a missing Wilbur; in 'Winnie's Book Day' a problem with reading doesn't stop Winnie from bringing stories to life for a whole class full of children; in 'Winnie Gets Cracking' she creates a 'chocodile' capable of laying chocolate eggs; and in 'Whizz-Bang Winnie' Winnie gets her skates on to speed past the motorised competition in a 'hot wheels' race. Four crazily funny stories featuring everyone's favourite witch, her big black cat, Wilbur, and a zany supporting cast of new characters. Korky Paul's exuberant black line illustrations complement the humour, slapstick, and moments of real drama that run through each story. Pure magic!


Abstract Phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated between 48 type appraisal traits and first lactation milk production to determine the importance of appraisal traits in a breeding program from 5,024 records from the New York type appraisal program. Most phenotypic correlations among the type traits were near zero. Depth of udder was the appraisal trait having the highest correlation with first lactation milk (.27) and fat (.23). Multiple correlations of all appraisal traits with first lactation milk and fat were .44 and .40. Correlations with lifetime variables were calculated from 2,068 records meeting time qualifications. Of the first lactation variables, milk yield had the highest correlation with lifetime milk (.34), and fat yield had the highest correlation with number of lactations (.21). All appraisal traits combined were as effective as production variables in predicting number of lactations. Genetic correlations suggested that bulls that sire daughters with high production tend to sire daughters with weaker udder attachments. High genetic correlations between first lactation production and lifetime performance support the utility of selection on first lactation production.


Disabled people are excited by the potential benefits of using advanced technologies at home. However, many devices are abandoned early and lie unused. This research project aimed to explore why this happens, what the users of such technologies require, how advanced technologies can rise to the challenges of flexibility and user choice, which applications enhance independence and improve quality of life and what the barriers are to take‐up and future utilization. It was found that disabled people wish to use advanced technology to increase independence in and beyond home but the cost of both mainstream and 'specialist' devices are prohibitive. The role of advanced technology should be to enhance independence and provide mainstream solutions that disabled people request, rather than designing and engineering 'specialist' expensive products. Furthermore, the application of advanced technology for use in the home should be directed by disabled people, collectively and individually.


Poe, Edgar Allan. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. Ed. Fred Frank and Diane Long Hoeveler. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 2010. Evans, Bertrand. The Origins of the Modern Study of Gothic Drama, Together With a Re-edition of Gothic Drama from Walpole to Shelley (1947). Ed. Frederick S. Frank. New York: Edwin Mellen, 2006. Frank, Frederick S. "One Way to Read a Gothic: An Anatomy of M. G. Lewis's The Monk." Allegheny College. Pelletier Library Lecture Series, no. 10. Meadville, PA. 2005. DVD. Frank, Frederick S. Guide to the Gothic III: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism, 1994-2003. 2 vols. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003. Frank, Frederick S., ed. and introd. The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story and The Mysterious Mother: A Tragedy/Horace Walpole. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 2003. Thomson, Douglass H., Jack G. Voller, and Frederick S. Frank, eds. Gothic Writers: A Critical and Bibliographical Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001. Entries authored by Frederick S. Frank: Ueda Akinari, Francois Thomas Marie de Baculard d'Amaud, Jane Austen and the Northanger Novelists (with Douglass H. Thomson), Wilkie Collins, Guillaume Ducray Duminil, Gothic Chapbooks, Bluebooks and Short Stories in the Magazines, Gothic Drama, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Izumi Kyoka, George Lippard, Vladimir Odoevsky, Edgar Allan Poe, Ann Radcliffe, Horace Walpole. Frank, Frederick S. "The Early and Later Gothic Traditions, 1762-1896." Fantasy and Horror: A Critical and Historical Guide to Literature, IIIustration, Film, TV, Radio, and the Internet. Ed. Neil Barron. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1999. Conger, Syndy M., Frederick S. Frank, Gregory O'Dea, eds; Jennifer Yocum, assistant ed. Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after Frankenstein: Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1997. Frank, Frederick S. "Mary Shelley's Other Fiction: A Bibliographical Consensus." Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after Frankenstein: Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth. Ed. Syndy M. Conger, Frederick S. Frank, Gregory O'Dea; Jennifer Yocum, assistant ed. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1997. 309-364. Frank, Fred, ed. and introd. "Matthew Lewis's The Monk--A Special Issue of Romanticism on the Net." Romanticism on the Net 8 (1997). Web. Frank, Frederick S. "The Monk: A Bicentenary Bibliography." Romanticism on the Net 8 (1997). Web. Frank, Frederick S., and Anthony Magistrale, eds. The Poe Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997. Frank, Frederick S. Guide to the Gothic II: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism, 1983-1993. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1995. Frank, Frederick S. "M. G. Lewis's The Monk after Two Hundred Years, 1796-1996: A Bicentenary Bibliography." Bulletin of Bibliography 52 (1995): 241-60. Frank, Frederick S. "A Checklist of Vathek Criticism." Vathek and the Escape from Time: Bicentenary Revaluations. Ed. Kenneth W. Graham. New York: AMS, 1990. 247-68. Frank, Frederick S. "The Early Gothic: 1762-1824." Horror Literature: A Reader's Guide. Ed. Neil Barron. New York: Garland, 1990. 3-57. Frank, Frederick S. "The Gothic Vathek: The Problem of Genre Resolved." Vathek and the Escape from Time: Bicentenary Revaluations. Ed. Kenneth W. Graham. New York: AMS, 1990. 157-72. Frank, Frederick S. "The Masks of Summers." The Scriblerian and the Kit-Kats 23 (1990): 1-5. Frank, Frederick S. Through the Pale Door: A Guide to and through the American Gothic. New York: Greenwood, 1990. Frank, Frederick S. "Illustrations from Early Gothic Novels." Gothic Fictions: Prohibition/Transgression. Ed. Kenneth W. Graham. New York: AMS, 1989. 270-87. Frank, Frederick S. "Gothic Gold: The Sadleir-Black Gothic Collection." Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 26 (1998): 310-16. Frank, Frederick S. "Montague Summers: A Bibliographical Portrait. …


Stonehenge is the icon of British prehistory, and continues to inspire ingenious investigations and interpretations. A current campaign of research, being waged by probably the strongest archaeological team ever assembled, is focused not just on the monument, but on its landscape, its hinterland and the monuments within it. The campaign is still in progress, but the story so far is well worth reporting. Revisiting records of 100 years ago the authors demonstrate that the ambiguous dating of the trilithons, the grand centrepiece of Stonehenge, was based on samples taken from the wrong context, and can now be settled at 2600-2400 cal BC. This means that the trilithons are contemporary with Durrington Walls, near neighbour and Britain's largest henge monument. These two monuments, different but complementary, now predate the earliest Beaker burials in Britain – including the famous Amesbury Archer and Boscombe Bowmen, but may already have been receiving Beaker pottery. All this contributes to a new vision of massive monumental development in a period of high European intellectual mobility….


Symptomatic hemorrhoids require a number of therapeutic interventions each of which has its own complications. Office-based therapy such as rubber band ligation carries the risk of pain and bleeding, which are self-limited, but also carries the risk of rare complications such as sepsis, which may be life threatening. Operative treatment of hemorrhoids includes conventional hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidectomy, and the use of energy devices. Complications of pain and bleeding are common but self-limited. Late complications such as stenosis and fecal incontinence are rare. Recurrent disease is related to the initial grade and therapeutic approach. Treatment of recurrent hemorrhoids should be individualized based on previous treatments and the grade of disease. Anesthetic complications, especially urinary retention, are common and related to the anesthetic technique. Practitioners should council their patients as to the risks of the various approaches to treating symptomatic hemorrhoids.


Why did the United States and Iraq find themselves in full-scale conflict with each other in 1990–91 and 2003, and in almost constant low-level hostilities during the years in-between? The situation was neither inevitable nor one that either side, in full possession of all the relevant information about the other, would have purposely engineered: in short, a classic instance of chronic misperception. A combination of the psychological literature on perception and its pathologies with the almost unique firsthand access of one of the authors to the decisionmakers on both sides—the former deputy head of the United Nations weapons of mass destruction inspection mission in the 1990s, the author of the definitive postwar account of Iraqi WMD programs for which he and his team debriefed the top regime leadership, and a Washington insider in regular contact with all major foreign policy agencies of the U.S. government—reveals the perceptions the United States and Iraq held of each other, as well as the biases, mistakes, and intelligence failures of which these images were, at different points in time, both cause and effect.


Since, IEEE 802.15.4 complaint devices are resource constrained, traditional heavyweight routing algorithms are not suitable. Although, ZigBee provided an addressing scheme and a table-free Tree routing algorithm for such devices, it has several limitations. In this paper, we have proposed an extended version of ZigBee addressing scheme. The proposed scheme has all the properties of original addressing scheme and hence the same table-free routing algorithm can be applied. In addition, it supports asymmetric tree networks which original scheme cannot cope up with. It does not also use the parameter, maximum network depth (Lm), which is often very difficult to choose before forming the network. Simulation shows that proposed addressing scheme works seamlessly with existing ZigBee tree routing.


Regular exercise practice is favorably related with functional autonomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the physical activity level influences on the results of the Senior System for Assessment of Action Autonomy (SysSen) in elderly women. The SysSen is composed of a questionnaire (QSAP) focusing on the needs of aerobic power (AP) and upper limb strength (S) for a life perceived as autonomous, and a field test (TSMP), in which the subject walks 800m carrying pre-set loads. The QSAP provides the Expressed Autonomy Index (EAI) and the TSMP, the Potential Autonomy Index (PAI). The ratio between EAI and PAI defines the Autonomy of Action Index (PAI/EAI = AAI). An AAIof 1.0 or more characterizes the subject as independent. The subjects were either assigned to physically active (EG, n = 27) or non-active groups (NEG, n = 21), which were similar in age (NEG = 68 ± 5 vs EG = 69 ± 6 years; p = 0.56), weight (NEG = 65.7± 14.6 vs EG= 67.4± 10.1 kg; p = 0.65), and height (NEG = 1.54 ± 0.05 vs EG = 1.56 ± 0.04 m; p = 0.28). No differences were found for the EAI (NEG 73.3 ± 57.0 vs EG= 73.7± 5.1; p = 0.85) or needs related to AP and S. However, the results for AP and S in EG were higher in the items concerned with the activities daily performed (p < .05). The AAI was statistically similar across the groups (p = 0.55). In conclusion, regular exercise practice did not influence on the action autonomy as appreciated by the SysSen, probably due to a proportional increase of EAI and PAI in the active and inactive groups.


This year marks the 50th anniversary of Charles Pedersen's discovery of crown ethers, what is widely considered the birth of supramolecular chemistry. Since then, the field has progressed greatly, winning two Nobel Prizes and seeing the implementation of many practical applications. In commemoration, we are exploring the more recent advances of the field, which have made it past the realm of chemistry, into the real world. Though not a comprehensive review, the topics that we discuss here are supramolecular sensors, imaging for medical applications, metal extraction from ores and nuclear waste, as well as drug delivery.


Most studies and records of cleaning symbiosis between reef fish originate from shallow waters, ranging about 1–30 m depth. We record herein the wrasse Bodianus pulchellus and the goby Elacatinus phthirophagus cleaning below 60 m depth in the tropical south-western Atlantic. The wrasse was recorded cleaning two large piscivorous clients (a jack and a grouper) and the goby was recorded cleaning a grouper. Cleaning interactions between deep-reef fish and both of these cleaners may be expected at depths even greater than those reported here.


16 species of Ascomycetes collected in the Canary Islands are studied and described. Four genera are reported for first time in the archipelago: Kompsoscypha, Marcelleina, Plicaria and Sclerotinia (K. chudei, M. benkertii, P. carbonaria and S. sclerotiorum). Six species are new reports for the islands: Peziza succosa, Plectania ericae, Scutellinia crinita, Spathularia nigripes, Tricharina praecox and Trichophaea abundans. We widened the knowledge distribution of six species previously reported: Adelphella babingtonii, Plicaria endocarpoides (previously reported as Peziza endocarpoides), Pseudolachnea hispidula and Lamprospora maireana (La Gomera), Geopora clausa and Peziza succosella (Tenerife)


High gasoline prices are one of the many symptoms that the global energy system is being challenged by the rising demand compared with supply. A stable and environmentally responsible energy supply is one of the major issues that confronts mankind in the 21st century. Our personal energy use, the development of novel energy resources, and policies adopted by government are all influenced by the awareness of the public of the choices that we face in our energy use and the consequences of those choices. For this reason, energy education and outreach is essential for making the public better aware of our energy situation. SEG members, in their roles as employees of energy companies, as government employees working in the geosciences, or as educators at universities, are well prepared to help educate the public about the challenges and opportunities that we face in our energy supply. Here we sketch those challenges and opportunities and give ideas on how one can assist in energy outreach and education. We hav...


Slightly tapered Si1-xGex nanowires (NWs) (x = 0.29-0.84) were synthesized via a vapor-liquid-solid procedure using Au as a catalyst. We measured the optically excited carrier dynamics of Si1-xGex NWs as a function of Ge content using optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. The measured -ΔT/T0 signals of Si1-xGex NWs were converted into conductivity in the THz region. We developed a fitting formula to apply to indirect semiconductors such as Si1-xGex, which explains the temporal population of photo-excited carriers in the band structure and the relationship between the trapping time and the defect states on an ultrafast time scale. From the fitting results, we extracted intra- and inter-valley transition times and trapping times of electrons and holes of Si1-xGex NWs as a function of Ge content. On the basis of theoretical reports, we suggest a physical model to interpret the trapping times related to the species of interface defect states located at the oxide/NW: substoichiometric oxide states of Si(Ge)0+,1+,2+, but not Si(Ge)3+, could function as defect states capturing photo-excited electrons or holes and could determine the different trapping times of electrons and holes depending on negatively or neutrally charged states.


This paper first traces the history and sociolinguistic situation of Fiji's well-established and influential Indian diaspora. It then weighs support for the development of endocentric norms in the national second language variety of English, Fiji English, against diasporic influence by combining linguistic evidence from previous studies with data from an attitude survey conducted among Fiji students in the country's capital. The status of Fiji English as a national variety is investigated by evaluating statements of language attitudes and reported usage based on a keyword analysis of responses to direct, open-ended survey questions. The results support the claim of progressing endonormative stabilization whereas indications for diasporic links to India in the use of English remain weak.


Global warming and its impact on our environment, society and economy is one of the fundamental concerns of our time. In response, the UK Government has implemented numerous targets including the 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions on 1990 levels by 2050, and the increase of renewable energy to 15% by 2020. In order to contribute towards these targets, the government may seek to harness the UK's high marine and coastal renewable energy potential. Located in Southwest England, Poole Harbour provides strong potential for producing reliable tidal and heat energy. However, due to the special nature of Poole Harbour, construction in this area may result in conflicts of a social, economic and environmental nature. The purpose of this article is to examine the Poole Harbour case study in order to provide an analysis of the conflicts that arise between the use of renewable energy and the need to safeguard ecosystems.


With the breakup of the Soviet Union, the United States Navy has seen the fleet shrink from nearly 600 ships in 1988 to 320 ships in 1999, with a planned reduction to 305 ships by 2004. While the fleet has been reduced by nearly 50 percent over the last decade, the deployment of U.S. naval forces has continued at near-Cold War levels. The result is a mismatch between the national security requirements that naval forces are called on to support, and the forces available to meet those requirements. Some have suggested that the traditional forward presence mission of the NavyMarine Corps team is no longer relevant in the post-Cold War environment. Others suggest that "virtual presence" through space surveillance and global air power can replace the physical presence of naval forces. Still others have advocated a return to an isolationist policy, forgoing military presence altogether. Although U.S. naval forces are no longer required to counter the threat of Soviet aggression, possible peer or near-peer competitors, such as Russia and China, combined with emerging regional powers, require that the United States maintain forces in areas near U.S. interests. This thesis will examine the continued importance of maintaining a strong naval presence in the three principal areas of U.S. interest--the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf, and Northeast Asia--and the inability to meet U.S. national security requirements with proposed alternatives to forward presence. Also covered will be new systems and operational concepts of the Navy-Marine Corps team, and their importance to the forward presence mission.


Isotopic disequilibrium is increasingly recognized as a common feature of magmatic systems, but the details of the mechanism(s) underpinning the development of isotopic disequilibrium during partial melting processes are not fully understood. Partial melting of mica-rich lithologies may be predicted to generate melts enriched in radiogenic Sr compared to the bulk protolith compositions due to the typically high Rb/Sr ratio coupled with low melting temperature of mica in crustal rocks. Here we report a puzzling case study where the Sr-isotope composition of the melt fraction (leucosome) of partially molten metapelites (migmatites) is instead less radiogenic than the restitic component (melanosome). The examined migmatites fringe (∼50 m wide zone) a low-pressure (≤200 MPa), high-temperature (∼1050 °C) quartz-dioritic intrusion, which was emplaced in the Gennargentu Igneous Complex (Sardinia, Italy) at 306 ± 26 Ma (bulk-rock Rb/Sr dating). The migmatites derive from anatexis of the muscovite-rich metapelitic wall-rocks. They include a quartzo-feldspathic leucosome and a melanosome containing cordierite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, Fe-Ti oxide minerals and both corundum and hercynite. The leucosome has a less radiogenic Sr and more radiogenic Nd isotope composition than the melanosome (87Sr/86Sr (306 Ma) = 0.71068 and 0.71536; eNd(306 Ma) = -6.4 and -9.2, respectively), with bulk migmatite samples having intermediate compositions. The significantly lower content of mica in the migmatites compared to the protolith indicates that muscovite and, to a lesser extent, biotite largely contributed to melt formation. However, the leucosome volume (∼50%) estimated through mass balance calculations is considerably higher than the amount of melt (≤10 vol.%) generally produced by mica-dehydration melting in the crust, suggesting that partial melting was enhanced by an external hydrous fluid. The O-isotope composition of the migmatites is lower than the typical metapelite values (>10‰) but overlaps with the δ18O range of the quartz-diorites (8.8-9.9‰), suggesting that such a hydrous fluid was released from the quartz-dioritic intrusion. We put forward a model whereby the anatexis temperature conditions (T < 800 °C) favored the preservation of isotopic disequilibrium of micas and plagioclase in the protolith. In this context, the leucosome formed by the preferential melting of less radiogenic plagioclase rather than more radiogenic micas. The melt was then efficiently separated from the melanosome containing restitic biotite and "peritectic K-feldspar and magnetite" derived from mica breakdown. During the anatectic process the quartz-diorite provided not only the heat budget, but also the fluid amount responsible for (i) the hydration of the pelitic country rock, (ii) the increase of melt fraction, and (iii) the higher mobility of anatectic magma.


Cooking food is one of the activities that makes humanity unique. It's not just about what tastes good: advances in cooking technology have been a constant part of our progress, from the ability to control fire to the emergence of agriculture to modern science's understanding of what happens at a molecular level when we apply heat to food. Mastering new ways of feeding ourselves has resulted in leaps in longevity and explosions in population—and the potential of cooking science is still largely untapped.

 In Cook, Taste, Learn, the food scientist and best-selling author Guy Crosby offers a lively tour of the history and science behind the art of cooking, with a focus on achieving a healthy daily diet. He traces the evolution of cooking from its earliest origins, recounting the innovations that have unraveled the mysteries of health and taste. Crosby explains why both home cooks and professional chefs should learn how to apply cooking science, arguing that we can improve the nutritional quality and gastronomic delight of everyday eating. Science-driven changes in the way we cook can help reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and enhance our quality of life. The book features accessible explanations of complex topics as well as a selection of recipes that illustrate scientific principles. Cook, Taste, Learn reveals the possibilities for transforming cooking from a craft into the perfect blend of art and science.


A computer-generated hologram consisting of N x N resolution cells produces a reconstructed image consisting of N x N sampling points. Since the width of the primary peaks in the point-spread function is twice the pitch of the sampling points, the intensity at intermediate points between the sampling points depends on the interference between the sampling points. Carefully controlling the complex amplitudes of the sampling points makes it possible to control the intensity not only at the sampling points but also at the intermediate points; the intensity of the reconstructed image can be controlled at 2N x 2N points. Preliminary experiments demonstrating the generation of high-density intensity patterns were performed.