MillWheel is a framework for building low-latency data-processing applications that is widely used at Google. Users specify a directed computation graph and application code for individual nodes, and the system manages persistent state and the continuous flow of records, all within the envelope of the framework's fault-tolerance guarantees.

This paper describes MillWheel's programming model as well as its implementation. The case study of a continuous anomaly detector in use at Google serves to motivate how many of MillWheel's features are used. MillWheel's programming model provides a notion of logical time, making it simple to write time-based aggregations. MillWheel was designed from the outset with fault tolerance and scalability in mind. In practice, we find that MillWheel's unique combination of scalability, fault tolerance, and a versatile programming model lends itself to a wide variety of problems at Google.


There Is a growing consensus among academicians, business leaders and government officials that the American competitive problem rests centrally on the slowing rate of Investment to Integrate new automation technology Into manufacturing operations. Although the source of major Innovations In automation technology Is from United States universities and research centers, American firms have been too slow In adopting these technologies. One of the major factors underlying this problem is the lack of an economic analysis technique specifically aimed at estimating the benefits of automation technology. This paper offers an economic analysis technique based upon the premise of Increased probability of capturing the market segments through economies of scope. The paper first demonstrates the Inadequacy of current economic analysis techniques to assess the benefits of automation technology, then proposes a new methodology which can be Integrated to an expert system to assess the economic Impact of various types of automation technology.


A revised checklist for the butterfly families Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae of Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) is presented, bringing nomenclature in line with modern usage, indicating synonyms from earlier lists and adding new records since the last checklist was published in 1970. Migrant and vagrant species are provisionally recognised, and records considered incorrect are discussed. The checklist includes 204 species: 15 Papilionidae, 29 Pieridae and 160 Nymphalidae. The only taxonomic change is to treat Hamadryas feronia insularis (Fruhstorfer) as a synonym of H. f. feronia (Linnaeus), syn. nov., and not as a synonym of H. feronia farinulenta (Fruhstorfer).


Founded in 2014 and formally established in 2017, the Knowledge and Uncertainty Research Laboratory examines the role of knowledge and of its absence in the theory and application of information technology. Our main theoretical tools are fuzzy mathematics and the semantic web, while fields such as information visualization, artificial intelligence, information retrieval, adaptation to the user, cultural informatics, social networks and smart cities also have an important role in the teams research. The laboratory is unconventional, in the sense that it deviates from the typical notion of research laboratory and follows a more open approach.


A popular view of limited liability in financial contracting is that it is the result of societal preferences against excessive penalties. The view of most financial economists is instead that limited liability emerged as an optimal institution when, in the absence of a clear limit on economic agents' liability, the development of some economic activities might have been thwarted. Viewing the institution from the perspective of optimal legal system design allows us to better understand the current debate on it. We present a broad history of penalties in financial contracts to highlight the interactions between technology, legal environments, purpose of the financial relationship, and contractual provisions. We show that harsh monetary and non-pecuniary penalties are not mere relics from a bygone era and, at the same time, that limited liability is far from a recent institution. We then discuss trade-offs associated with legal mandates of either unlimited or limited liability, both for the contracting parties and for the rest of Society. We identify two broad patterns. First, the toughness of liability rules and bankruptcy laws decreases as exogenous sources of uncertainty become relatively more important, and increases with the opportunity for moral hazard (related to diligence, risk taking, or deception). Second, bankruptcy laws become more lenient as the scope for labor specialization and the returns to human capital or entrepreneurship increase.


This study attempts to produce evidence to establish whether teaching staff in schools in the UK, who undertake coaching as part of their continuous professional development, will enjoy benefits and impacts upon their professional and personal lives. There is a paucity of empirical research on this subject. Coaching in schools is at an early stage and there have been calls by professional bodies to produce evidence of its benefits and impacts. This study does this by conducting an intensive coaching programme for three teaching staff in a secondary school wishing to develop coaching: a senior and a middle manager and a junior member of staff. The study was approached as an action research project. Data were collected in a variety of ways, including formative evaluation reviews, data from reflection notes and from an extensive summative feedback evaluation questionnaire. It also included third party evidence. This has resulted in the production of evidence that appears to support some of the claims of a number of professional organisations and writers


A small statuette of a seated person was discovered in Denmark in 2009. According to the accepted interpretation, this is a representation of the Norse god Oðinn, but the authors of the present article propose that it may instead represent a pre-Christian prophetess, a vǫlva. Regarding the methodology of the identification of divine images, the authors argue that a particular god is not identified by an attribute, but rather created by the said attribute, as only the presence of a particular attribute can define the god. Caution should be taken when attempting to identify any image or icon with a particular god or goddess, especially in the field of Norse archaeology, as clearly identifying attributes are usually missing.


A widely accessible working list of known plant species is considered the number one target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. An index of published names of liverworts and hornworts between 2006 and 2008 is provided as part of a continued effort in working toward producing a preliminary world checklist of these plants. Included in the list are those names overlooked by earlier indices. The list includes over 20 higher taxa, 246 species or infraspecific valid names, and three fossils.


This thesis proposes that Northern Irish elegy is a distinctive genre of contemporary poetry, which has developed during the years of the Troubles, and has continued to be adapted and defined during the current peace process. It argues that the practice of writing elegy for the losses of the Troubles has established a poetic mode in which Northern Irish poets have continued to work through losses of a more universal kind. This thesis explores the contention that elegy has a clear social and political function, providing a way in which to explore some of the losses experienced by a community over the past half-century, and helping to suggest ideas of consolation.
Part one focuses on three first generation Northern Irish elegists: Seamus Heaney, Michael Longley and Derek Mahon. Heaney is considered in a chapter which takes in a poetic career, through which might be traced the development of Northern Irish elegy. Following this are two highly focused studies of the elegies of Longley and Mahon. The place of artifice in elegy is considered in relation to Longley's Troubles elegies, while Mahon's irony is discussed in relation to his elegiac need for community.
 Part two looks at a second generation, represented by Ciaran Carson and Paul Muldoon. Carson's elegies for Belfast are read in a discussion of the destruction and reconstruction that occurs during the process of remembering. This study explores the idea that elegies might also be written for places and temporal spaces. Carson's interest in poetic form is shown to be intricately related to his elegiac practice. The chapter on Muldoon surveys a career which has interrogated the connections between art and suffering. Muldoon raises questions of poetic responsibility, and also challenges poetry itself, on a formal and linguistic level. As his career develops, he includes not only the local threats of Troubles violence within his elegies, but also the global threats of disease, violence and terror.
 Part three starts with Medbh McGuckian, whose work is discussed in relation to the third generation poets Sinead Morrissey, Leontia Flynn and Colette Bryce. As McGuckian's poetry is perhaps the least immediately accessible of all the poetry covered here, the thesis considers ways in which her work might be read, before her poems are discussed as Northern Irish elegies. Following this are readings of poems from Morrissey, Flynn and Bryce, noting ways in which this generation works to develop the genre of elegy, working in the same broad themes that have been charted throughout this thesis.


The present study describes a pragmatic approach to the implementation of production planning and scheduling techniques in foundries of all types and looks at the use of `state-of-the-art' management control and information systems. Following a review of systems for the classification of manufacturing companies, a definitive statement is made which highlights the important differences between foundries (i.e. `component makers') and other manufacturing companies (i.e. `component buyers'). An investigation of the manual procedures which are used to plan and control the manufacture of components reveals the inherent problems facing foundry production management staff, which suggests the unsuitability of many manufacturing techniques which have been applied to general engineering companies. From the literature it was discovered that computer-assisted systems are required which are primarily `information-based' rather than `decision based', whilst the availability of low-cost computers and `packaged-software' has enabled foundries to `get their feet wet' without the financial penalties which characterized many of the early attempts at computer-assistance (i.e. pre-1980). Moreover, no evidence of a single methodology for foundry scheduling emerged from the review. A philosophy for the development of a CAPM system is presented, which details the essential information requirements and puts forward proposals for the subsequent interactions between types of information and the sub-system of CAPM which they support. The work developed was oriented specifically at the functions of production planning and scheduling and introduces the concept of `manual interaction' for effective scheduling. The techniques developed were designed to use the information which is readily available in foundries and were found to be practically successful following the implementation of the techniques into a wide variety of foundries. The limitations of the techniques developed are subsequently discussed within the wider issues which form a CAPM system, prior to a presentation of the conclusions which can be drawn from the study.


While concentration measures are a good indicator of market structure, the link with competitiveness is more complex than often assumed. In particular, the modern theory of industrial organisation makes no clear statement regarding the impact of concentration on competition - the focus of this paper is concentration and no inferences are made about competitive aspects of the market. The extent and nature of concentration within the UK listed company audit market as at April, 2002 and, pro forma, after the collapse of Andersen is documented and analysed in detail (by firm, market segment and industry sector). The largest four firms held 90 per cent of the market (based on audit fees) in 2002, rising to 96 per cent with the demise of Andersen. A single firm, Pricewaterhouse-Coopers, held 70 per cent or more of the share of six out of 38 industry sectors, with a share of 50 per cent up to 70 per cent in a further seven sectors. The provision of non-audit services (NAS) by incumbent auditors is also considered. As at April 2002, the average ratio of non-audit fees (paid to auditor) to audit fees was 208 per cent, and exceeded 300 per cent in seven sectors. It is likely, however, that disposals by firms of their management consultancy and outsource firms, combined with the impact of the Smith Report on audit committees will serve to reduce these ratios. Another finding is that audit firms with expertise in a particular sector appeared to earn significantly higher nonaudit fees from their audit clients in that sector. The paper thus provides a solid empirical basis for debate. The subsequent discussion considers the implications for companies and audit firms of the high level of concentration in the current regulatory climate, where no direct regulatory intervention is planned.


It is now 50 years since the development of the first computer game but despite the proliferation of digital games in our society - with an industry which is flourishing and an average of 9 games sold every second of every day in 2007, it seems that these products are not as valued as the products of other cultural industries, such as film and television, and they are being excluded from the preservation of our digital heritage. This paper will focus on research interviews undertaken with people in the academic community. It will highlight that the growing academic interest in digital games is being hindered by a lack of research collections to support historical study. Researchers acknowledge that the study of digital games is a relatively new discipline and that outside academia, there is still little understanding of their cultural significance. However, they recognise the importance of protecting games as part of our digital heritage to ensure that future generations are able to understand the development of a valuable aspect of our social history. In other words, this research has underlined that games are considered a culture worth studying and something in need of preserving.


Gary Lawson & David Kopel's Bad News for Professor Koppelman: The Incidental Unconstitutionality of the Individual Mandate argues, on the basis of recent research, that the Necessary and Proper Clause incorporates norms from eighteenth-century agency law, administrative law, and corporate law, and that the mandate (and perhaps much else in the U.S. Code, though they are coy about this) violates those norms. The Necessary and Proper Clause, as they understand it, tightly limits the scope of implied powers. These claims are obscure even on their own terms. It is mysterious how we are to know whether the power to impose a penalty for going without health insurance is less "dignified" or "worthy" than the power to regulate interstate commerce. Nor is it clear how an effort by Congress to guarantee that all Americans have adequate health care could violate a fiduciary duty of impartiality. Their logic implies the greatest revolution in federal power in American history. (And this would decidedly be a revolution from above.) There is also the larger methodological question of the role of original meaning in constitutional interpretation. They think that new evidence of original meaning is, without more, a legitimate basis for hamstringing Congress's power to address pressing national problems. This would be an insane way to run a civilization. It is bad news for everybody.


Apatite may be a minor constituent in magmatic rocks but it is a powerful research tool because it is ubiquitous and it incorporates magmatic water, halogens, S, C, and trace elements including Sr, U, Th, and the rare earth elements. Recent advances in experimental and analytical methodologies allow geologists to analyze apatite textures and compositions in great detail. This information improves understanding of the behavior of volatiles and trace elements both in terrestrial igneous melts and their related fluids and in extraterrestrial bodies, such as the Moon and Mars. With more research, the petrological power of apatite can only increase with respect to understanding eruptive, pluton-building, and mineralizing magmatic systems.


Estuarine saltmarshes can stimulate a number of senses. In a visual way, they provide a pleasing vista of procumbent to tall shrubs and trees tinged with colours ranging from red in autumn to succulent green in spring. This view is often enhanced by the sight of hundreds of wading birds feeding and dabbling along the shores and flying low over this interface between land and water. Saltmarshes also provide a contrasting sense when the rich productive smells of the marsh are detected. These smells are composed of decaying sun-baked vegetation mixing with the rotting gases of fetid muddy land. To some, the landscape features and the close proximity of open estuarine waters provides a potentially dollar-rich urban development challenge. With enough fill and re-contouring, these areas could be converted into expensive waterside homes. To all, however, the swarming mosquito hazes can drive us into our homes or cars making us wonder why nature has been so free in creating such a varied environment.

Overall, samphire marshes truly embody a large ecotone metaphor. On one side is a unique habitat providing an interface and link between land and water, and on the other side an environment fertile for human cultural conflict. Unfortunately, humans are an ecotone species and are drawn to the fringes of estuaries. To reduce conflict and successfully manage these environments requires an understanding of current land ownership, reserve status of fringing land, international treaty obligations, the planning process and the use of practical management plans and structures. It is also important to recognise the wisdom of using applied management and theoretical research plans to provide answers to management questions. They are most helpful if these plans recognise the uniqueness of most saltmarshes and give the public and estuarine manager the kind of information which allows saltmarshes to be conserved and sustained well into the future. Ultimately, any management plan must provide direction to help prevent the degradation of saltmarsh functions, such as ecologically important biodiversity, productivity and nutrient storage and release functions.


Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, data protection has been elevated to the status of a fundamental right in the European Union and is now enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights alongside the right to privacy. This timely book investigates the normative significance of data protection as a fundamental right in the EU. The first part of the book examines the scope, the content and the capabilities of data protection as a fundamental right to resolve problems and to provide for an effective protection. It discusses the current approaches to this right in the legal scholarship and the case-law and identifies the limitations that prevent it from having an added value of its own. It suggests a theory of data protection that reconstructs the understanding of this right and could guide courts and legislators on data protection issues. The second part of the book goes on to empirically test the reconstructed right to data protection in four case-studies of counter-terrorism surveillance: communications metadata, travel data, financial data and Internet data surveillance. The book will be of interest to academics, students, policy-makers and practitioners in EU law, privacy, data protection, counter-terrorism and human rights law.


This paper describes a prototype demonstrating a new operating system (called Parallax) for the new generation many-core servers. The operating system is designed to address scaling, resource monitoring, dynamic configuration, and self-repair of many-core chip based servers to support distributed computational tasks. The operating system is implemented in assembler language for efficiency and supports C/C++ programming interfaces for high-level programming. The Parallax operating system is based on the DIME network computing model supporting distributed network-centric computing architecture. A parallel signaling network overlay over a network of von Neumann stored program control (SPC) computing nodes is utilized to implement dynamic fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management of both the nodes and the network based on business priorities, workload variations and latency constraints.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated temperature and urban heat island variability in days of the week and weekends of Port Harcourt city, due to the continuous heat stress and resultant health disaster common in tropical countries such as Nigeria. METHODS: The data were generated from field observation and Satellite Remote Sensing using Google Earth Engine of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 thermal infrared sensors. Temperature data from the field were captured with LCD Digital Multi-Thermometer Loggers located at different land-use types of 35 sample points in wet and dry seasons. Analysis of Variance was used to establish the temperature difference between days of the week and weekend. FINDINGS: The rural site during days of the week had temperature of 29.30C and the weekend had 29.50C indicating a concentration of human activities at the rural fringes during the weekend. The temperature of Saturday and Sunday varied between 33.20C and 27.60C (5.60C) with an urban heat island difference of 1.90C. Saturday was the coolest day having 3.70C. During days of the week, Monday had the highest UHI of 70C with the least UHI of 4.20C recorded on Friday showing the coolest day. The temperature difference between days of the week and weekend was 0.20C and UHI variation of 0.40C indicating that days of the week were warmer. The result showed that temperature in days of the week and the weekend differed significantly. CONCLUSION: It was established that days of the week contributed 52% of the temperature condition of Port Harcourt city and weekend donated 48% showing that 3,095,342 occupants of the city experienced lesser thermal stress during the weekend. Thus, the study concluded that the temperature of urban areas decreased from the city center to the rural fringes. The land surface temperature indicated that the north-eastern part of the city was the warmest. The study recommends proactive city planning and management framework with effective urban greening implementation for a healthy city living.


ing children to decode (that is, turn print into speech sounds), it's disheartening that we still have not overcome the "fourth-grade slump" in reading comprehension. We're finding that even though the vast majority of our youngest readers can manage simple texts, many students—particularly those from low-income families—struggle when it comes time in grade four to tackle more advanced academic texts. To help these students, we must fully understand just where this "fourth-grade slump" comes from. The "slump" was the name that the great reading researcher Jeanne Chall used to describe the apparently sudden drop-off between third and fourth grade in the reading scores of low-income students. In her research, Chall found that low-income students in the second and third grades tended to score at (and even above) national averages in reading tests and related measures such as spelling and word meaning. But at the fourth grade, low-income students' scores began a steady drop that grew steeper as the students moved into the higher grades. (For a more detailed discussion of Chall's landmark study, see "The Fourth-Grade Slump" on page 14.) I describe this drop-off as apparently sudden because there is now good evidence that it is there, unmeasured, in earlier grades. A large language gap—not just a reading gap—between advantaged and disadvantaged students exists also in third-grade, not to mention second, first, and even earlier. Researchers have known about the fourth-grade slump in poor children's reading comprehension for several decades, but it was only recently, especially in the work of Betty Hart and Todd Risley, that solid data on children's early language development have been available. We now believe that reading tests make the comprehension gap seem much greater in fourth grade because the tests used in earlier grades are heavily focused on testing early reading skills (like decoding) and do not try to measure the full extent of the vocabulary differences between the groups. Yet it would be a mistake to assume that problems with comprehension are limited to disadvantaged students. According to the most recent evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, most students' reading comprehension scores remain low despite many years of concentrated efforts to improve reading instruction. Effective teaching of reading comprehension to all children has turned out to be a recalcitrant problem. Now that we have good programs that teach children to decode text accurately and fluently, the task of creating programs and methods that teach students to comprehend text accurately and fluently is the new frontier in reading research. It's a challenging problem. The U.S. Department of Education is currently soliciting research proposals to help solve it. That's a very good sign. With renewed scientific attention to this fundamental problem, we can expect real progress in equity and in student achievement—some day. Meanwhile, we already know things about reading comprehension that have immediate implications for teachers. I will try to sum-


Autism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMRI mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMRI mRNA, and CGG repeat number.


Point of entry to the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), the Learning Center will be a place to learn, to obtain information, and to live. Replacing and improving the old main library, this new building will gradually assimilate all EPFL department libraries collections and services, as they are integrated into a global information system. Conceived as the place for those who are learning, mainly students, who have no personal working area on the campus, it is designed to adapt itself to the 'seasons' of academic life throughout the year (flexibility and modularity of rooms, extended opening hours during exam periods). It will take into account group working habits (silence vs. noise), changes in the rhythm of student life (meals, working alone, discussions, etc.), and other environmental factors. Of course the needs of EPFL staff and alumni, local industry and citizens have also been carefully considered in the design. By offering a multitude of community functions, such as a bookshop, cafeteria and restaurant services, and rooms for relaxation and discussion, the Learning Center will link the campus to the city. Areas devoted to exhibition and debate will also be included, enforcing its role as an interactive science showcase, in particular for those technologies related to the research and teaching of the EPFL. The presentation described the process and steps towards the actual realisation of such a vital public space: from the programme definition to the collaboration with the bureau of architects (SAANA, Tokyo) who won the project competition, the speakers showed what are the challenges and lessons already taken when working on this major piece of architecture, indeed the heart of the transformation of the technical school build in the 1970s into a real 2000s campus.


The major part of iron present in plant foods such as cereals is largely unavailable for direct absorption in humans due to complexation with the negatively charged phosphate groups of phytate (myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6)-hexakisphosphate). Human biology has not evolved an efficient mechanism to naturally release iron from iron phytate complexes. This narrative review will evaluate the quantitative significance of phytase-catalysed iron release from cereal foods. In vivo studies have shown how addition of microbially derived phytases to cereal-based foods has produced increased iron absorption via enzyme-catalysed dephosphorylation of phytate, indicating the potential of this strategy for preventing and treating iron deficiency anaemia. Despite the immense promise of this strategy and the prevalence of iron deficiency worldwide, the number of human studies elucidating the significance of phytase-mediated improvements in iron absorption and ultimately in iron status in particularly vulnerable groups is still low. A more detailed understanding of (1) the uptake mechanism for iron released from partially dephosphorylated phytate chelates, (2) the affinity of microbially derived phytases towards insoluble iron phytate complexes, and (3) the extent of phytate dephosphorylation required for iron release from inositol phosphates is warranted. Phytase-mediated iron release can improve iron absorption from plant foods. There is a need for development of innovative strategies to obtain better effects.


17 O solid-state NMR from 14 amino acids is reported here, greatly increasing the number investigated. In most cases well-separated resonances from carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygens with distinct second-order quadrupolar line shapes are observed using a 600 MHz spectrometer with fast magic angle spinning (MAS). This is in contrast to the motionally averaged resonances usually seen from amino acids in solution. For amino acids double-angle rotation (DOR) produces a decrease in the line width by more than a factor of 40, providing very high resolution, ∼ 1 ppm, spectra. The oxygen lines in alanine and the carbonyl oxygens in L-glutamic acid hydrochloride are assigned using 1H-decoupled DOR. The NMR interaction parameters for amino acids show a wide variation of XQ, from 6.4 to 8.6 MHz, η from 0.0 to 0.9, and δiso from 83 to 353 ppm. The high quality of the MAS NMR line shapes obtained at 14.1 T means that even small changes in parameters can be very accurately deduced, offering the possibility of 17O NMR as a sensitive probe of structural changes in these and related compounds. The D- and L-forms of glutamic acid hydrochloride are shown to have the same NMR parameters to within error, which are very different from those reported in the literature for the D,L-form. A strong correlation (∼-1200 ppm/A) is found between δiso and the C-O bond length of the carbonyl oxygens. On the basis of these data, enriching specific amino acids in more complex polypeptides and proteins could provide site-selective information about the bonding and functionality of different sites in biomolecules. An estimate is made of the possible detection limit for such species.


The huge volatility experienced by equities markets during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) underlined the importance of understanding market risk in extreme economic conditions. Whilst the Australian economy is widely considered to have fared better than many of its global counterparts during the GFC, there was nonetheless extreme volatility experienced in Australian financial markets. To understand the extent to which emerging Australian entities were impacted by these extreme events as compared to established entities, this paper compares entities comprising the Emerging Markets Index (EMCOX) to established entities comprising the S&P/ASX 200 Index using four risk metrics. The first two are Value at Risk (VaR) and Distance to Default (DD) which are traditional measures of market and credit risk. The other two focus on extreme risk in the tail of the distribution and include Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) and Conditional Distance to Default (CDD), the latter metric being unique to the authors and which applies CVaR techniques to default measurement. We apply these measures both prior to and during the GFC, including an analysis of high, medium and low risk quantiles and find that Emerging Market shares show higher risk for all metrics used, the spread between the emerging and established portfolios narrows during the GFC period and that the default risk spread between the two portfolios is greatest in the tail of the distribution. This information can be important to both investors and lenders in determining share or loan portfolio mix in extreme economic circumstances.


Background: Depression is a common condition that affects the life of the person suffering from depression as well as their surroundings. Relatives of the person suffering from depression are affected by the condition and among these the partner is one of the most affected. The partner can be affected both physically and mentally from living with a person suffering from depression.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore partners' experiences of living with a person suffering from depression.Method: The chosen method for this study was a literature review. The data was collected through both systematic and unsystematic searches. Eight articles were included, both qualitative and quantitative. The analysis was conducted according to a model made for literature reviews, where the data was compiled and sorted into descriptive themes.Results: The results of this study yielded three themes of experiences, including one with two subthemes. (1) Experience of how the daily life is affected (subthemes: experience of living on another person's terms, and experience of how the situation affects the mental and physical health). (2) Experience of the need for knowledge. (3) Experience of being able to cope with the situation.Conclusion: The study shows that partners of people with depression need to be more included in the patient's care. They also need to be offered information and support to make it easier to cope with the situation. The results of the study also shows that more research is needed on the subject.


Summary

1. Samples were taken on three consecutive days from twenty-two suppliers at three creameries. Six samples were taken at different levels and positions in the weigh tanks.

2. Details of two dippers for sampling at different depths in the tank are given.

3. Maximum differences between the six samples from each tank of milk ranged from 0·05 per cent to 0·61 per cent for fat and 0·07 per cent to 0·56 per cent for S.N.F., with means of 0·22 per cent and 0·21 per cent respectively.

4. Coefficients of variation have been calculated for each tank of milk together with mean figures for each supplier and each creamery.

5. Estimates have been made of the accuracy of the fat and S.N.F. content of a single sample taken from a tank of milk as a measure of the composition of the whole of the milk within the tank.

6. Maximum differences show that very large differences in composition can occur at different points in the weigh tank.

7. Comparison of the coefficients of variation for individual herds showed no correlation between variability within the tank with either the gallonage or the fat or S.N.F. content of the milk. A significant difference in variability was shown when the creameries were compared. This was attributed to the presence in one of the tanks of an obstacle in the shape of a foam breaker.

8. Single samples of milk taken from an unagitated weigh tank cannot be relied upon to give an accurate assessment of the quality of the milk within the tank. Some form of agitation must be practised if a reliable sample is to be taken.

9. The results of a pilot investigation carried out at one creamery in the winter months indicate very much greater variation in composition within unagitated tanks at this time of the year. The results of this investigation show that the variability of fat content can be considerably reduced by a reasonable plunging of the tank contents. The effect of plunging on S.N.F. variability was not so encouraging.


Objective: To examine prospectively the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and to test for the moderating effects of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity on relapse after remission from an episode of MDD. Method: Participants were 303 patients (196 women and 107 men) with current DSM-IV– diagnosed MDD at baseline enrollment in the Col laborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Major depressive disorder and Axis I psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Structured Clin ical Interview for DSM-IV, and Axis II PDs were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. The course of MDD was as sessed with the Longitudinal Interval Followup Evaluation at 6 and 12 months and then yearly through 6 years. Survival analyses were used to analyze time to remission and time to relapse. The study was conducted from July 1996 to June 2005. Results: Of 303 patients, 260 (86%) remitted from MDD; life table survival analyses revealed that patients with MDD who had PDs at baseline had significantly longer time to remission from MDD than patients without PDs. Among the 260 patients whose MDD remitted, 183 (70%) relapsed. Patients with MDD with PDs—specifically those with borderline and obsessivecompulsive PDs— at baseline had significantly shorter time to relapse than patients with MDD without PDs. Cox propor tional hazards regression analyses revealed that the presence of PDs at baseline (hazard ratio = 1.5) and recurrenttype MDD (hazard ratio = 2.2), but not sex (hazard ratio = 1.03) or dysthymic disorder (hazard ratio = 0.97), significantly predicted time to relapse. Conclusions: Personality disorders at baseline were robust predictors prospectively of accelerated relapse after remission from an episode of MDD. Personality disorders at baseline significantly mod erated eventual time to relapse in MDD among patients who remitted from an episode of MDD, even when controlling for other potential negative prognostic predictors. J Clin Psychiatry 2010;71(12):1629–1635 © Copyright 2010 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.


Given an integer $n\geq 2$, and a non-negative integer $k$, consider all affine hyperplanes in ${\bf R}^n$ of the form $x_i=x_j +r$ for $i,j\in[n]$ and a non-negative integer $r\leq k$. Let $\Pi_{n,k}$ be the poset whose elements are all nonempty intersections of these affine hyperplanes, ordered by reverse inclusion. It is noted that $\Pi_{n,0}$ is isomorphic to the well-known partition lattice $\Pi_n$, and in this paper, we extend some of the results of $\Pi_n$ by Hanlon and Stanley to $\Pi_{n,k}$. Just as there is an action of the symmetric group ${S}_n$ on $\Pi_n$, there is also an action on $\Pi_{n,k}$ which permutes the coordinates of each element. We consider the subposet $\Pi_{n,k}^\sigma$ of elements that are fixed by some $\sigma\in {S}_n$, and find its Mobius function $\mu_\sigma$, using the characteristic polynomial. This generalizes what Hanlon did in the case $k=0$. It then follows that $(-1)^{n-1}\mu_\sigma(\Pi_{n,k}^\sigma)$, as a function of $\sigma$, is the character of the action of ${S}_n$ on the homology of $\Pi_{n,k}$. Let $\Psi_{n,k}$ be this character times the sign character. For ${C}_n$, the cyclic group generated by an $n$-cycle $\sigma $ of ${S}_n$, we take its irreducible characters and induce them up to ${S}_n$. Stanley showed that $\Psi_{n,0}$ is just the induced character $\chi\uparrow_{{C}_n}^{{S}_n}$ where $\chi(\sigma)=e^{2\pi i/n}$. We generalize this by showing that for $k>0$, there exists a non-negative integer combination of the induced characters described here that equals $\Psi_{n,k}$, and we find explicit formulas. In addition, we show another way to prove that $\Psi_{n,k}$ is a character, without using homology, by proving that the derived coefficients of certain induced characters of ${S}_n$ are non-negative integers.


Although purely instrumental music is commonplace, much of the world's most popular music is sung with lyrics. However, it is evident that listeners don't always attend to lyrics and that those who do aren't always successful in deciphering them. An empirical study is reported whose goal is to measure the intelligibility of lyrics in commercial recordings of music from a variety of genres. Thirty participants were exposed to 120 brief musical excerpts from twelve song genres: Avante-garde, Blues, Classical, Country, Folk, Jazz, Musical Theater, Pop/Rock, Rhythm and Blues, Rap, Reggae, and Religious. Participants were instructed to transcribe the lyrics after hearing each excerpt once. The transcribed lyrics were then compared to the actual lyrics and intelligibility scores calculated. The different genres were found to exhibit significantly different levels of lyric intelligibility, from as low as 48% for Classical music, to as high as 96% for Jazz, with an overall average of 72%. Intelligibility scores were positively correlated with listener judgments of the general importance of lyrics. In a second experiment, participants were allowed to hear excerpts five times. Improvements to intelligibility were modest but significant after the second and third hearings, but not on further hearings.


The Dictionary of Sydney www.dictionaryofsydney.org is a ground breaking, multimedia city biography that can present the history of metropolitan Sydney on the web, in your hand and on the street. Through its historical model the digital repository allows historical elements to be classified, connected, geo-referenced and mapped through space and time. By combining the fine-grained with the global, the histories in the Dictionary mirror the experience of the metropolis – the intimate and the personal interact with the impersonal and indeed often random nature of city life. A purely digital history redefines the possibilities for urban history and public history. This paper will introduce the Dictionary of Sydney, share some of the challenges and joys of building a digital history, and reflect upon the ways digital history as a publication form is shaping and changing the practice of public history.


Interference alignment (IA) is known as having a great effect on the capacity achieved at each receiver in interference channel, when used in conjunction with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. Using coordinating base station(BS) transmission, the system generates the beamforming vector to align interference signals into confined subspace at each receiver, where the beamforming and subspace vectors are calculated using the relative magnitude coefficients. It is difficult to design these coefficients since it is needed to solve non-linear equations. In [12], we propose the design algorithm of the relative magnitude coefficients. Using Brent's method iteratively, our design algorithm improves system capacity largely. We assume the worst-case situation where all of 4 users receive the large interference signals from all of the 3 adjacent BSs, and the system model that a base stations has 5 transmit antennas and the other 3 BSs have 4 transmit antennas, where the sum of the number of the transmit antennas is 17. However, this required system is not general because one BS is assumed to have one more transmit antenna than the other BSs. In this paper, we extend the algorithm in [12] to be applicable for more general system where all the base stations have the same number of transmit antennas and the sum of the number of the transmit antennas is 16. As the extended algorithm, we propose how to select an un-eliminated interference signal and calculate the beamforming vectors and the interference signal spaces. In the extended algorithm, not all the interference signals are canceled; one interference signal with the smallest effect on the capacity is not canceled. That is because we can cancel 11 interference signals at maximum when there are 16 transmit antennas though there are 12 interference signals in our system model. We compare the capacities of the conventional algorithm and the extended one, and evaluate how much system capacity the proposed design algorithm can achieve in the situation where there is an un-eliminated interference signal. Through simulation, we show that the proposed design algorithm improves the degradation of the system capacity and achieve the fairness of capacities among users for the increase of the number of designed coefficients.


In this descriptive study we performed an acoustic comparison of mimetic and non-mimetic song in a highly conspicuous mimic, the Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos. Using automated acoustic software we measured 13 acoustic features from the mimetic and non-mimetic song of 13, free-living, male mockingbirds recorded during the breeding season. We found that when mockingbirds mimic they extend the maximum frequency of their song by over 600 Hz, which increases the frequency bandwidth by 42%. These differences might reflect female preference for the acoustic features present in mimetic song, or they might represent an artefact of which particular acoustic models are imitated by mockingbirds when developing a mimetic repertoire.


Mass mediated news happens VS Police Commission about the case at this time really – really a big problem in its solution. Publicity about this case was minimal investigation in its solution, whether it comes from journalists of from the parties involved. KPK VS POLRI
case is still running until go on – late so there was still no conclusive resolution of this case will be completed. Reporting that there is mass mediated bunglonisasi, the intention is not any different from any source media.
The formulation of the problem in this study is : How do the students an appreciation of publicity in the mass media about the National Police Commission VS. which aim to
determine which provided the students an appreciation of the composition of the audience.
Because this theory explains that there are two factors related to the age and social levels. So audience entitled to choose which media is used to access the information. (Dennis McQuail, Mass Communication Theory, 218 – 219).
The type used in this study is qualitative and descriptive approach, because it only describes a situation of event. This approach does not seek or explain relationships, did not test hypotheses of make predictions (Rahmat, 1999:24). To determine the number of informants researchers used purposive sampling technique.
Based on the results of research, it can be concluded that the appreciation of students to news VS Police Commission are (1) elements of understanding can be concluded that Ratih knew enough about such news. Because Ratih did not just see reporting, but also examines the news from various sources different. If Ayu in understanding the preaching can be said to know and understand the news, because after he watched the news, what is unknown and not understood by Ayu about preaching VS Police Commission, he will often discuss with friends. While Trisno really understand the preaching of KPK VS police, because the news is presented in print media is covered in detail about reporting. (2) elements of enjoyment can be concluded that, Rating said she liked the proclamation which was presented by metro TV.
Because a balanced discussion, and what was discussed regarding VS Police Commission is pretty clear. While Ayu prefer an event that served by RCTI. Because reporting is in RCTI more balanced than the metro tv or tv one. According to Ayu second television station there are alignments between both camps. According to Ayu when the metro is more to the KPK, while the tv one more to the police. And Trisno prefer print news that is mediated, in his proclamation that there is mediated primarily Kompas print. Presented more complete discussion and word – a word or phrase that is used from Kompas Daily Java is more detail than the Post. (3) element of the award. According tu Ratih for the development and reporting that there are mass mediated primarily television because it's always pretty clear in talking about constantly. Ratih assess the existing alignments and the media in presenting a
proclamation. Like Tv one and metro tv, the trend of Tv one more favor the National Police while Metro Tv over to the KPK. While according to Ayu, in respect preaching VS Police
Commission is to continue preaching to others of friends. He is usually talking about the news if it was assembled – together with friends. And according to the viewpoint of Trisno.
During this reporting that I consider a clear and balanced is the print media especially KOMPAS. Since the editorial of the news is not impartial.


This paper presents a new pooling method for constructing the assessment sets used in the evaluation of retrieval systems. Our proposal is based on RankBoost, a machine learning voting algorithm. It leads to smaller pools than classical pooling and thus reduces the manual assessment workload for building test collections. Experimental results obtained on an XML document collection demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach according to different evaluation criteria.


Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) is a potential source of natural rubber, but attempts to domesticate and cultivate this perennial crop for large-scale production in the southwestern United States have been intermittent over the past century. Genetic improvement through modern plant breeding is needed to increase its yield potential and suitability for commercialization. Natural variation for ploidy level is extensive among individuals in wild guayule populations, but less is known about the extent of ploidy level variation in guayule breeding germplasm. Because ploidy variation is among the factors that slow the rate of genetic gain in guayule breeding programs, determining the ploidy level of publicly available guayule accessions would help to accelerate the development of stable, high yielding cultivars. To that end, we adapted fl ow cytometry to examine the ploidy of 34 guayule accessions available from the National Plant Germplasm System. The data revealed a natural polyploid series ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 36) to pentaploid (2n = 5x = 90), with 4x being the predominant ploidy. Interestingly, not all plants sampled from an accession had the same ploidy level (mixed ploidy). Notably, the integration of ploidy and pedigree data uncovered complex ploidy variation in guayule breeding programs. The frequency and range of ploidy variation observed in this germplasm will help to direct future breeding efforts as well as linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies.


Connectivity and layout of underlying networks largely determine agent behavior and usage in many environments. For example, transportation networks determine the flow of traffic in a neighborhood, whereas building floorplans determine the flow of people in a workspace. Designing such networks from scratch is challenging as even local network changes can have large global effects. We investigate how to computationally create networks starting from only high-level functional specifications. Such specifications can be in the form of network density, travel time versus network length, traffic type, destination location, etc. We propose an integer programming-based approach that guarantees that the resultant networks are valid by fulfilling all the specified hard constraints and that they score favorably in terms of the objective function. We evaluate our algorithm in two different design settings, street layout and floorplans to demonstrate that diverse networks can emerge purely from high-level functional specifications.


Information is currently lacking on the effect that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have on the mechanism and extent of polymer photodegradation as well as the quantity, kinetics, and form of CNTs released. To address this, we followed in detail the photodegradation of a photolabile CNT-polymer nanocomposite (CNT-PNC), composed of single walled CNTs and polycaprolactone. Analysis of released CNT-containing fragments was accomplished with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). The mechanism of polymer photodegradation remained unchanged upon CNT inclusion, although polymer mass loss decreases systematically as CNT loading increases. This inhibitory effect is due to the light absorption and scattering properties of CNTs, which reduces the depth of photolysis and consequently the extent of CNT-PNC mass loss. Preferential CNT retention in the polymer during photodegradation results in CNT release at lower quantities than predicted based on their mass loading. The form of the released CNTs depends on CNT loading and evolves as the CNT-PNC photodegradation process proceeds. For CNT-PNCs with higher CNT loadings, multiple CNTs are initially released embedded within polymer fragments; as CNT-PNC degradation slows, released fragments contain predominantly isolated CNTs. For sufficiently long irradiation times, a dense CNT-mat forms at the surface, stabilizing the CNT-PNC towards further polymer or CNT loss. Extrapolating our findings to other CNT-PNC systems suggests that the quantity and form of released CNTs, as well as the extent of CNT-PNC photodegradation, will be influenced by the CNT loading and will evolve over the course of the CNT/PNC photodegradation process.


The world can be characterized by dynamics of acceleration. The African population will double during the next three decades; global urban infrastructures will double by 2050; to stay below the 2 °C guardrail and to avoid dangerous climate change, emissions need to peak by 2020 and be reduced to zero by 2050; The decisions of states, firms and political actors during the next one or two decades will create very long-term path dependencies in the emerging global society. Acceleration, path dependencies and very long-term impacts of current decisions need to be taken into account in Global Cooperation Research.

The Kate Hamburger Kolleg / Centre for Global Cooperation Research therefore brought together scenario experts, integrated assessment scholars and science fiction authors with global cooperation researchers. All of them agreed that shaping the future, organizing transformation processes towards sustainability and investing in global cooperation to make globalization work for all means building on new narratives about possible futures. Narratives are about imagination, creativity, innovation, diversity. Without transformative narratives, we cannot go beyond incremental changes. This Global Dialogues publication builds important bridges between scholars from very different disciplines which can help us to merge the knowledge of future scenario thinkers and pioneers of global cooperation research.

(from the Preface)


Microrad has developed an innovative system which measures electromagnetic pulse field levels by way of a broadband probe combined with an envelope sampler. This measurement system is capable of demodulating a pulsed signal and adequately sampling it for the purpose of correctly representing it in a time domain thus allowing the acquisition of the technical characteristics of the radar as indicated in appendix B of the Italian Norm CEI 211-7 and as required by environmental surveillance campaigns. The measurement equipment is based on probes which are composed of a resistive dipole capable of reaching response times of less than one microsecond. The demodulated signal is then transmitted to the envelope sampler which is connected to a personal computer or tablet by way of a fibre optic cable. Data received by the PC tablet is then processed using a specific software application already installed on the PC /Tablet. This paper describes the results of the survey carried out on specific air traffic control radars (radar ATCR-33S). The objective of the study is to establish the congruity between the measurements taken by this system and measurements taken using traditional narrow band instruments ( spectrum analyser and horn antenna) The measurements which were conducted in parallel have allowed us to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of this new type of instrument.


An eye-opening monitor (EOM) architecture that can capture a two-dimensional (2-D) map of the eye diagram of a high-speed data signal has been developed. Two single-quadrant phase rotators and one digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are used to generate rectangular masks with variable sizes and aspect ratios. Each mask is overlapped with the received eye diagram and the number of signal transitions inside the mask is recorded as error. The combination of rectangular masks with the same error creates error contours that overall provide a 2-D map of the eye. The authors have implemented a prototype circuit in 0.13-/spl mu/m standard CMOS technology that operates up to 12.5 Gb/s at 1.2-V supply. The EOM maps the input eye to a 2-D error diagram with up to 68-dB mask error dynamic range. The left and right halves of the eyes are monitored separately to capture horizontally asymmetric eyes. The chip consumes 330 mW and operates reliably with supply voltages as low as 1 V at 10 Gb/s. The authors also present a detailed analysis that verifies if the measurements are in good agreement with the expected results.


Contemporary Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA) is gaining worldwide and national prominence as it reassures itself as a permanent factor in people and society sustainable development processes. In Campinas, the Municipal Chamber and Executive have, through municipal legislation and regulation of the Community Vegetal-gardens Program of Campinas (CVP), signaled the intention of bringing to the political agenda, the urban agriculture issue, since 1997. In such a context, the objective of this work is to analyze the CVP, specifically concerning to the aspect of the management, thus subsiding possible reformulation of public policies of UPA in the municipality. The data used was obtained through exploratory analysis and interviews during 2005 with the participation of the program managers, besides documental sources. The analysis concluded that there is an almost total disconnection between the CVP, education, health and social action policies.


Spruce-fir forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains receive high atmospheric nitrogen inputs and have high nitrate levels in soil solution and streamwater. High levels of excess nitrogen have been associated with reduced tree vigor. Additionally, the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) has killed the majority of endemic Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) trees, resulting in large amounts of coarse woody debris. As part of a biogeochemical study in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, coarse woody debris was sampled to determine volume, mass, change in density, and change in concentration and content of carbon and nitrogen over the decomposition process. Dead wood volume was highly variable across the watershed, ranging from 4.5 m 3 ha -1 to 306.8 m 3 ha -1 for standing boles and from 21.2 m 3 ha -1 to 402.7 m 3 ha -1 for down boles. Wood density decreased significantly for all three major overstory species (red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), and Fraser fir) by approximately 60%, from slightly decayed boles to boles in advanced de- cay. Standing and down dead biomass averaged 39.4 Mg ha -1 and 33.8 Mg ha -1 , respectively. Carbon concentrations remained relatively constant and were approximately 47% for all decay classes and all species. Nitrogen concentrations increased sharply between live wood and highly decayed wood. The nitrogen content in live wood, compared to wood in advanced decay, increased by 40% to 118% for the species tested. At the watershed level, live bole wood contained 108.4 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, and dead bole wood contained 101.5 kg ha -1 . Total carbon in live and dead bole wood averaged 93.8 Mg ha -1 and 34.9 Mg ha -1 , respectively. The magnitude of coarse woody debris in this system is among the highest reported in the literature for the eastern United States, emphasizing the high degree of disturbance that has taken place in this ecosystem.


Background and Aims: Globally, breast cancer is one of the major public health problem. In Indian women, breast cancer is now the most common cancer, having recently overtaken cervical cancer in this respect. Breast Cancer though on the rise among Indian women, they still do not perceive themselves at risk. Poor awareness about the disease, its risk factors and the absence of population-based screening contribute to delayed diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and practice of breast cancer in general and breast self-examination (BSE) amongst urban accredited social health activist in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Methods: The study was conducted in three phases: pre-intervention phase, intervention phase, and post-intervention phase during 2018. A total of 104 ASHA participants were included and awareness about breast cancer and practices of breast self-examination was assessed through interviewing two different groups at two points of time: Control and Intervention group at the base line and end line. Interventional breast health education was administrated through lectures, charts and silicon breast model for the basic knowledge of the breast cancer. The data had been analyzed by using software Epi info. Results: There was a significant improvement in knowledge regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination among the intervention group from pre- to post-test. An overall increase in the awareness of breast cancer 33%, Method of doing BSE of 54% and 42% of BSE practice was observed in the study group after intervention. Conclusion: A significant changes were observed in the knowledge. However, the behavior change requires reinforced training in regular interval.


DHM tools have been widely used to analyze and improve vehicle occupant packaging and interior design in the automotive industry. However, these tools still present some limitations for this application. Accurately characterizing seated posture is crucial for ergonomic and safety evaluations. Current human posture and motion predictions in DHM tools are not accurate enough for the precise nature of vehicle interior design, typically requiring manual adjustments from DHM users to get more accurate driving and passenger simulations. Manual adjustment processes can be time-consuming, tedious, and subjective, easily causing non-repeatable simulation results. These limitations create the need to validate the simulation results with real-world studies, which increases the cost and time in the vehicle development process. Working with multiple Swedish automotive companies, we have begun to identify and specify the limitations of DHM tools relating to driver and passenger posture predictions given predefined vehicle geometry points/coordinates and specific human body parts relationships. Two general issues frame the core limitations. First, human kinematic models used in DHM tools are based on biomechanics models that do not provide definitions of these models in relation to vehicle geometries. Second, vehicle designers follow standards and regulations to obtain key human reference points in seated occupant locations. However, these reference points can fail to capture the range of human variability. This paper describes the relationship between a seated reference point and a biomechanical hip joint for driving simulations. The lack of standardized connection between occupant packaging guidelines and the biomechanical knowledge of humans creates a limitation for ergonomics designers and DHM users. We assess previous studies addressing hip joint estimation from different fields to establish the key aspects that might affect the relationship between standard vehicle geometry points and the hip joint. Then we suggest a procedure for standardizing points in human models within DHM tools. A better understanding of this problem may contribute to achieving closer to reality driving posture simulations and facilitating communication of ergonomics requirements to the design team within the product development process.


Size, color, and orientation have long been considered elementary features whose attributes are extracted in parallel and available to guide the deployment of attention. If each is processed in the same fashion with simply a different set of local detectors, one would expect similar search behaviours on localizing an equivalent flickering change among identically laid out disks. We analyze feature transitions associated with saccadic search and find out that size, color, and orientation are not alike in dynamic attribute processing over time. The Markovian feature transition is attractive for size, repulsive for color, and largely reversible for orientation.


Ichiro Suzuki, one of the New York Yankees' newest outfielders and hottest batters, talks about all things baseball in this candid book that reveals the inner mind of one of baseball's finest practitioners. Since Ichiro Suzuki joined the Seattle Mariners in 2001, he awed America, earned the respect of his teammates, and won the heart of baseball fans everywhere. But being notoriously private and media-elusive, fans know very little about him. Ichiro proves to be a thoughtful and gifted student of the game. He articulates how, as one of the smaller players in the MLB, it takes something more than power and strength to become a fully realized player and effective team member. Being a baseball superstar on two continents, he reflects on the insane media coverage he endures, as well as his own awe for the game s great players. In this frank conversation, the leading Major League batter breaks down the art and science of the swing."


JOHN GILMORE. Swinging in Paradise: the Story of Jazz in Montreal. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1988, 322 pp. John Gilmore begins his exhaustively researched and engagingly written account of jazz in Montreal from the World War I period to the 1970s by asserting that: 'For almost half a century, more jazz was made in Montreal than anywhere else in Canada' (p. 13). That claim cannot be disputed, at least not at present, since histories of jazz in other parts of Canada are as yet nonexistent. The makings of such accounts are present in Miller's two volumes on Canadian jazz musicians (1987 and 1982) and in McNamara's and Lomas' overview of Canadian dance bands (1973) but Gilmore is 'first on the block' with a regionally delimited study. Gilmore provides an admirable model for anyone who might attempt a history of jazz in Toronto, Vancouver, or wherever. He has culled an impressively wide range of documentary source materials and conducted numerous telephone and face-to-face interviews in the preparation of his study. (In this regard, the bibliography of Swinging in Paradise is deceptively cursory: only the major sources are listed there, many others being carried in the endnotes, which run to 23 pages.) He lends an immediacy and authenticity to his account by quoting his informants/subjects extensively, and he includes numerous photographs of musicians, venues, and reproductions of promotional material and memorabilia. In sum, in terms of ferreting out and exhibiting the 'evidence,' Gilmore's study is first-rate. Swinging in Paradise is a descriptivist work - 'another territory heard from' (to paraphrase Geertz 1973: 23); but a number of the author's underlying assumptions are nonetheless in evidence. For example, Gilmore is of the opinion that 'Canadian trends in music follow closely those in the United States, though generally at a cautious distance' (p. 114). This staunchly diffusionist view, in combination with Gilmore's tacit general allegiance to the 'jazz is black music' camp of jazz scholarship, results in a history that is - to the World War I period at least - essentially the story of black American expatriate musicians bringing 'the sounds of the latest black music' (p. 43) to Montreal. While there is undoubtedly a lot of truth to this, and it is a compelling tale, somehow it is just too pat, especially when considered against the well-documented biracial nature of contemporaneous jazz activities south of the border. A major strength of Swinging in Paradise stems from Gilmore's conviction that 'an awareness of . . . social conditions can deepen our understanding . . . and enhance our appreciation' [of Montreal's jazz and jazz musicians! (p. 13). He is meticulous and intelUgent in locating his topic in a broad and well-sketched social and cultural context, and in showing the place of jazz in the multifarious professional (and personal) lives of its Montreal practitioners - most of whom, as is pointed out frequently, could not depend solely on jazz for their livelihood. Gilmore's occasional brief forays into 'impressionist ethnography' (Van Maanen 1988: chapter 5) disclose, in an often poignant way, the limitations and tribulations that bedevil the oral history enterprise. For example, one of Gilmore's elderly subjects, bandleader Myron Sutton, disclaims: ? …


Are investigated infringements of indicators antioxigion organism protection at hectare-stroenterology diseases at the patients living in territory of Krasnodarsky edge with various levels of pollution of an inhabitancy by pesticides and heavy metals. The ecological concept of an aetiology form chronic inflammatory diseases of bodies of digestive system which assumes the mechanism of decrease in resistance of an organism, development nonspetial the processes conducting to chronisation and complication of a current of diseases is considered.


This study investigates how a sample of Kuwaiti citizens engaged in interpersonal communication and used traditional and new media during the December 2012 parliamentary election in Kuwait. Hypotheses were developed based on an analysis of macro-level politico-economic and sociocultural factors that affect communication flows in the country and using a two-step flow of information framework. Consistent with predictions, respondents spent more time in interpersonal political discussions than using traditional media. Time spent in face-to-face conversations and on social media to obtain and exchange political information was equal, indicating that social media is an important channel of communication in the region. Newspaper and Internet ads were perceived as the most credible forms of advertising. Opinion leadership positively predicted news and advertising exposure, and perceived credibility mediated these effects.


A regulator is a closed-loop feedback system. For the LDO to be stable, the phase margin must be positive. In other words, at unity gain crossover frequency of the gain curve, the phase of the system should be positive. This can be measured using a vector network analyzer. Many voltage regulators are of the fixed output variety and include the voltage divider internal to the regulator. There are definite advantages to this approach, which allows active voltage trimming and also minimizes the physical space required. A disadvantage to this approach is that the voltage divider is not available for gain-phase or "Bode" measurement. This leads many to believe that it is not possible (or even necessary) to evaluate the stability of such a regulator. This is simply not true.


Recently introduced in machine learning, the notion of kernels has drawn a lot of interest as it allows nonlinear algorithms to be obtained from linear ones in a simple and elegant manner. This, in conjunction with the introduction of new linear classification methods such as the support vector machines has produced significant progress. The success of such algorithms is now spreading as they are applied to more and more domains. Many signal processing problems, by their nonlinear and high-dimensional nature, may benefit from such techniques. We give an overview of kernel methods and their recent applications.


Here's the core idea that I want to suggest: that one of the concerns that we have with conceptual art going forward, and with the question of copyrightability, is that copyright law, for a really long time now, has had a nascent and unstated theory of authorship that connects to the way in which we conceptualize the connection between inputs and outputs, agency in the real world, and the nature of the human connection to the work—and that these works of conceptual art are calling that theory into question. And part of the concern is that this test and this conception, being unstated—when we take a step back to try and understand how we might update it or liberate it from these conceptions, we have a hard time wrestling with it, to nail it down. And so, what I want to leave you with is the question of whether it's time to update our traditional conception of authorship.


We study how endowments, investments and fertility interact to produce human capital in childhood. We begin by providing empirical support for two key features of existing models of human capital: that investments and existing human capital are complements in the production of later human capital (dynamic complementarity) and that parents invest more in children with higher endowments due to the complementarity between endowments and investments (static complementarity). For the former, we exploit an exogenous source of investment, the launch of Head Start in 1966, and estimate greater gains from preschool in the IQ of those with the highest stocks of early human capital, consistent with dynamic complementarity. For the latter, we are able to overcome the potential endogeneity and measurement error associated with traditional measures of endowment based on health at birth. When we do, we find that parents invest more in highly endowed children. Moreover, we find that the degree of reinforcement increases with family size. Thus, an increase in quantity leads not only to a decline in average quality (the quantity-quality tradeoff) but to an increase in the variation in quality, due to both greater variation in endowments (from more children) and greater reinforcing investments. These findings can be explained by extending the quantity-quality trade-off model to include heterogeneous child endowments and parental preferences that feature complementarity between quality and quantity and moderate aversion to inequality in child human capital within the household.


The ways in which the language of reformers intersects with and informs reform implementation is important to our understanding of how education policy impacts practice. To explore this issue, we employed critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze the language used by a 21 st century skills-focused reform organization to promote its program alongside the language that local actors used to explain its implementation. We examined source materials, field notes, interview data, and publicly available organizational data collected over a five-year period to critically examine how discourse 1) illustrated alignment between the stated and implicit audience for the school reform program and 2) shaped subsequent implementation. Analyses suggest the reform organization promoted itself through a discourse that all students in all reform schools were being prepared for college, career, and civic life. There was a significant misalignment, however, in the discourses regarding the appropriate student audience for the reform. Local actors questioned whether the reform program 1) was suitable for all students and 2) provided necessary supports for all students in all schools. This misalignment led to uneven implementation and resulted in some educators dismissing the goals of the program as unrealistic. Given that educational agencies have considerable freedom to choose among diverse reform programs, our analysis suggests it is important to understand the discourses through which reform organizations advertise models, implementers justify adoption, and educators respond.


This article questions radical planning's insistence on an ontological distinction between lay and expert knowledge. Drawing on an in-depth analysis of citizen collectives in Santiago, Chile, I explain how citizen organisations, in their quest for political recognition and emancipation, embrace rationalistic, bureaucratic, formal and instrumental knowledge and tactics. Utilising insights from Science and Technology Studies, I call modes of technification the specific and differentiated strategies by which these collectives become technical entities. Three of these modes are described: the organisational, epistemic and generative modes. The larger claim is that radical planning, by pursuing a politics of difference, may end up enacting a world in which identities are essentialised and roles forcefully allocated.


Your UNIX/Linux: The Ultimate Guide, written with both users and programmers in mind, is the ultimate UNIX/Linux text. Both pedagogical tool and exhaustive reference, it is well-suited to any course that includes UNIX or Linux. A strong pedagogical framework sets it apart from similar texts and allows beginning students to gain a firm grasp of fundamental concepts, while chapters on advanced topics inspire the more experienced reader to move beyond the basics. Nearly a thousand exercises and self-test questions provide a way for students to test and reinforce their understanding of the material.


BACKGROUND
Nonoperative management has become the standard for >80% of the blunt liver injuries. In the cases where operation is required, current operative management emphasizes packing, damage control, and early utilization of interventional radiology for angiography and embolization. Liver resection is thought to have minimal role in the management of hepatic injury because of the high morbidity and mortality in many reports. The objective of this study was to show that the management of complex liver injuries with anatomic or nonanatomic resection can be accomplished by experienced trauma surgeons, in conjunction with liver surgeons in some cases, with low morbidity and mortality related to the procedure. Delayed, planned anatomic resection was also applied.

METHODS
This is a retrospective, observational study, on patients admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)-Presbyterian from December 1986 through March 2001. The patients included in this report underwent hepatic resection for complex liver injuries (grade 3, 4, and 5) according to the American for Association the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale. Age, sex, mechanism of trauma, type of resection (nonanatomic, segmentectomy, lobectomy, and hepatectomy), surgical complications, hospital length of stay, and mortality were the variables analyzed.

RESULTS
Two hundred sixteen adult patients were admitted with complex liver injury, during the period of December 1986 to March 2001. Fifty-six patients of this series underwent liver resection: 21 anatomic segmentectomies, 23 nonanatomic resections, 3 left lobectomies, 8 right lobectomies, and 1 hepatectomy with orthotopic liver transplant. The median age was 31 years (range, 15-83 years). The Injury severity Score average was 34 +/- 10 (range, 16-59). Mechanism was blunt in 62.5% and penetrating in 37.5%. The grades of hepatic injury were 9 grade III, 32 grade IV, and 15 grade V. A total of 28.5% (16 of 56) of patients had concomitant hepatic venous injury. The overall morbidity was 62.5%. The morbidity related to liver resection was 30%. The overall mortality of the series was 17.8%. Mortality from liver injury was 9% in this series of patients undergoing liver resection for complex hepatic injury.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that liver resection should be considered as a surgical option in patients with complex injury, as initial or delayed management, and can be accomplished with low mortality and liver related morbidity.


Assuming Facts Not in Evidence argues that a rape complainant's silence in the aftermath of the crime does not bear on the credibility of her claim. Responding to Russell M. Coombs, Reforming New Jersey Evidence Law on Fresh Complaint of Rape, Colb observes that Coombs offers two arguments for the relevance of an alleged victim's silence in the wake of the attack: first, silence represents something akin to a prior inconsistent statement which accordingly impeaches the credibility of the rape claim; and second, silence represents conduct at odds with what one would expect from the victim of a violent crime. Though these two arguments rest on factual assumptions with a surface plausibility, Colb observes that the data on the experience of actual rape victims refutes the assumption that victim silence is inconsistent with a claim of rape or with the fact of being raped. On the contrary, Colb notes that rape victims regularly delay speaking of the crime, because they experience shame and (with reason) fear that their claims will not be treated with the same respect as the claims of victims of other sorts of crimes. The extremely low reporting rate for rape, relative to those of other crimes, further evidences this phenomenon. Accordingly, Colb suggests that the "common sense" notion that a real rape victim would promptly tell others about the crime is contrary to the facts. Because silence is a common, normal reaction to rape, the fact of silence does not tend to discredit a later claim of rape. Furthermore, Colb contends that there is a good policy reason for excluding evidence of rape-victim silence. Given the relatively low reporting rate for this crime, the knowledge that her silence will be used to discredit her will likely further deter rape victims from coming forward, an outcome that would only reduce the deterrent effect of the criminal law prohibiting rape. For reasons of relevance and policy, the Article concludes that it is therefore both logical and just to exclude evidence of an alleged rape victim's silence in the aftermath of the rape.


The term "martial art," like the title, The Art of War, has a dissonant ring. To associate art, that sublime expression of the human spirit, with the enterprise of maiming and killing seems almost profane. Similarly, the martial arts have long been associated with traditional medicine. But, how can the art of healing ally itself with the art of killing? Watching Your Back applies Daoist notions of wellness and survival to reconcile these apparent paradoxes and unveil the origins and rationale of the unexplored symbiosis of Chinese medicine and the martial arts. It discusses the applications of Daoist philosophy and its practitioners, explains how creative arts are simultaneously conserved and advanced within a traditional Chinese lineage, and clarifies the differences between the separate, but parallel, martial and military disciplines. Drawing from history, philosophy, medicine, linguistics, and the realities of combat, Dr. Schmieg convincingly describes how early proponents of Daoism responded to sociopolitical events in China to shape a unique martial arts tradition and how this ancient system evolved into modern combat forms. Throughout he makes ample use of entertaining anecdotes taken from his years of study under a Daoist physician-scholar and "old school" boxer. Written with both the layperson and scholar in mind, Watching Your Back examines the full spectrum of the martial arts while demystifying its philosophy and debunking its myths, and thus brilliantly reveals the true majesty of the ancient Chinese art of selfdefense.


Research on telework often focuses on the outcomes of telework, investigating if telework is ultimately a 'good' or a 'bad' thing for teleworkers and their organisations. However, findings across telework research studies are often inconclusive, requiring deeper engagement with potential explanations for contradictory and paradoxical results. This study uses virtual ethnography (netnography) to investigate naturally occurring data. By analysing online debates related to Yahoo!'s decision to ban telework for its employees, this study surfaces aspects currently overlooked by telework research. These findings suggest that the diversity of the nature of work undertaken by knowledge workers and perceived differences in the suitability of different tasks for telework are of critical importance for understanding telework from a practice perspective. However, deeper engagement with the different kinds of work activities of knowledge workers is currently missing in the telework research literature. This study therefore contributes to better understanding of telework and paradoxical findings in telework research.


Purpose
Fostered by a rapid spread beyond the manufacturing sector, Lean philosophy for continuous improvement has been widely used in service organizations, primarily in the healthcare sector. However, there is a limited research on the motivating factors, challenges and benefits of implementing Lean in healthcare. Taking this as a valuable opportunity, the purpose of this paper is to present the key motivating factors, limitations or challenges of Lean deployment, benefits of Lean in healthcare and key gaps in the literature as an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the secondary data from the literature (peer-reviewed journal articles) published between 2000 and 2016 to understand the state of the art. The systematic review identified 101 articles across 88 journals recognized by the Association of Business Schools ranking guide 2015.

Findings
The systematic review helped the authors to identify the evolution, current trends, research gaps and an agenda for future research for Lean in healthcare. A bouquet of motivating factors, challenges/limitations and benefits of Lean in healthcare are presented.

Practical implications
The implications of this work include directions for managers and healthcare professionals in healthcare organizations to embark on a focused Lean journey aligned with the strategic objectives. This work could serve as a valuable resource to both practitioners and researchers for learning, investigating and rightly adapting the Lean in the healthcare sector.

Originality/value
This study is perhaps one of the comprehensive systematic literature reviews covering an important agenda of Lean in Healthcare. All the text, figures and tables featured here are original work carried by five authors in collaboration (from three countries, namely, India, the USA and the UK).


Photograph of students and their teacher posing for a group picture at their school, Danevang School, in Danevang, Texas. They have been arranged into three rows, with the front row seated on a bench.
Three long double-hung windows can be seen behind them.

They have been identified, from left to right:

Top row: Viggo Andersen, Arthur Andersen, Eddie Nielsen, Elmer Andersen, Edward Nielsen, Paul Madsen, Harry Andersen, Thorvald Lykke, Eric Petersen, Uffe Nygaard, Martin Christiansen, Harold Hansen, and Jim Jensen.

Middle row: Frank Jensen, Hans Treumer, Viggo Juhl, Dagmar Evers, Anna Nygaard, Ellen Longwood, Hazel Johnson, Margretha Nygaard, Karen Berndt, Mable Johnson, Katy Rasmussen, Nona Johnson, Sophie Madsen, Mary Treumer, Signe Lykke, Laura Petersen, and Professor Vitrup.

Front row: Hans Nygaard, Holger Lauritsen, Ebbe Wind, Abelone Wind, Mabel Andersen, Elizabeth Jensen, Marentze Nielsen, Marie Nielsen, Thora Nielsen, Esther Longwood, Cora Johnson, Anna Jensen, Anna Lykke, Pauline Madsen, and Agnes Nielsen.

A newspaper article included with the photograph also states that "only ten of these live in Danevang now. Many of them have passed away. Others have moved. Names are written as they were then. Photograph is furnished by Mrs. Laruits Harton.[sic]"


The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) family protein that mediates the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vertebrates. Frogs are remarkably insensitive to TCDD, and AHRs from Xenopus laevis bind TCDD with low affinity. We sought to identify structural features of X. laevis AHR1β associated with low TCDD sensitivity. Substitution of the entire ligand binding domain (LBD) with the corresponding sequence from mouse AHR(b-1) dramatically increased TCDD responsiveness in transactivation assays. To identify the amino acid residues responsible, we constructed a comparative model of the AHR1β LBD using homologous domains of PAS proteins HIF2α and ARNT. The model revealed an internal cavity with dimensions similar to those of the putative binding cavity of mouse AHR(b-1), suggesting the importance of side chain interactions over cavity size. Of residues with side chains clearly pointing into the cavity, only two differed from the mouse sequence. When A354, located within a conserved β-strand, was changed to serine, the corresponding mouse residue, the EC50 for TCDD decreased more than 15-fold. When N325 was changed to serine, the EC50 decreased 3-fold. When the mutations were combined, the EC50 decreased from 18.6 to 0.8 nM, the value nearly matching the TCDD sensitivity of mouse AHR. Velocity sedimentation analysis confirmed that mutant frog AHRs exhibited correspondingly increased levels of TCDD binding. We also assayed mutant AHRs for responsiveness to a candidate endogenous ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Mutations that increased sensitivity to TCDD also increased sensitivity to FICZ. This comparative study represents a novel approach to discerning fundamental information about the structure of AHR and its interactions with biologically important agonists.


By performing cDNA AFLP on pre- and early parasitic juveniles, we identified genes encoding a novel type of ubiquitin extension proteins secreted by the dorsal pharyngeal gland in the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The proteins consist of three domains, a signal peptide for secretion, a mono-ubiquitin domain, and a short C-terminal positively charged domain. A gfp-fusion of this protein is targeted to the nucleolus in tobacco BY-2 cells. We hypothesize that the C-terminal peptide might have a regulatory function during syncytium formation in plant roots.


The study investigated the effects of learning styles and multimedia structure on undergraduate writing performance in a prewriting skills lesson. The participants (n = 42) were enrolled in an introductory composition course at a university in the South. The multimedia lesson on brainstorming and outlining had two structures: fully prescribed (PS) and random (RS). Learning styles were determined by Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory. Questionnaires on demographics, students' writing and computer skills, and their attitudes toward each were administered. Results showed no significant difference in writing performance between the RS and PS treatment groups. No statistically significant differences in writing performance among the learning styles were found. Most students had home computers and stated that they used prewriting strategies. The majority of students expressed that they enjoyed this multimedia lesson regardless of treatment and stated that they enjoyed writing. Also noted, but not surprisingly, was that those students who stated that they wrote on a daily basis had better written compositions than did those who did not, regardless of treatment. Introduction Most of the recent research investigating the effects of multimedia on student writing has converged on the computer's capability to process text (Hartley, 1993). And, to date, within this body of research, most investigations have centered on the use of word processors to transpose text or on the use of style checker applications such as Editor's Assistant (Dale, 1990). Although other new programs have been developed in this vein, the development and use of multimedia- or computer- applications has not kept pace with emerging cognitive theories about composition as goal-directed and problem-solving (Flowers & Hayes, 1981, 1977, Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1986). Writing Compositions Most modern composition theory seeks to understand the qualitative disparity between the novice writer and the expert writer and to discover ways to decrease this difference. Research over the past decade using think-aloud protocols and case studies has shown that expert writers are capable of sustaining higher "cognitive loads" by being able to make numerous and simultaneous rhetorical decisions during the composing process. However, the novice writer frequently has difficulty attending to even one rhetorical decision at a time. Most modern composition theory encourages the use of some version of prewriting activities such as planning, translating, and reviewing. Often to aid the students with these prewriting activities, heuristics are incorporated into the instruction. These strategic exercises ask students to envision solving specific communication problems (Flower & Hayes, 1981). To aid the novice student in the composing process, many writing teachers incorporate a series of heuristics into the instruction. Heuristics provide guidelines for the student to assimilate rhetorical issues such as focus, development, organization, style, grammar, and mechanics. Heuristic strategies often include prewriting and invention activities including brainstorming, freewriting, drafting, and outlining which, many theorists maintain, imitate the cognitive activities of the expert writer (Flower & Hayes, 1981). To date, little research using multimedia as a delivery system for these heuristics can be found in the literature. Therefore, these researchers speculated whether teaching such heuristics via a multimedia environment would be successful. However, due to the various cognitive loads that each type of structure may require in terms of the amount of control the individual has over the lesson, the researchers posited whether the type of structure within a multimedia environment would affect writing performance. Multimedia Environments Multimedia is a method of information organization that includes the use of text, graphics, sounds, and video in any combination that inherently facilitates learner control (Becker & Dwyer, 1994; Jonassen, 1986; Tsai, 1988-89). …