The number of assembly plants in Northern Mexico, also known as maquiladora, has grown over the years. However, expatriate managers in Mexico face major challenges including the building of an appropriate relationship and developing and maintaining organization commitment among the Mexican workers. It is reported that job turnover in the maquiladora ranges from 120 to 150 percent annually in many assembly plants. This study investigated the impacts of quality control circles and worker education on perceived organizational commitment in the Mexican workplace. It also examined the generalizability of Meyer, Allen, and Smith's three-component model of organizational commitment. Introduction The number of assembly plants in Northern Mexico, also known as maquiladora, has grown over the years. Our interviews with managers in the maquiladora showed that monthly job turnover in the maquiladora was between 10 to 20%. Stoddard (1987) reported that job turnover in the maquiladora ranges from 120 to 150 percent annually in many assembly plants. As a result, expatriate managers in Mexico face major challenges including "building an appropriate relationship in a host nation such as Mexico and developing and maintaining organization commitment among the country's employees" (Harrison & Hubbard, 1998:609). This study is an attempt to help fill this gap in the literature on the maquiladora industry. Briefly, we focused on the impacts of Quality Control Circles (QCCs) and worker education on perceived organizational commitment in the Mexican workplace. QCCs are small groups of employees and their leader from the same work area who voluntarily meet on a regular basis to study quality control and productivity improvement techniques. Research Questions Meyer, Allen, and Smith ( 1993, 1997) developed and improved scales to measure three components of organizational commitment: affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Affective commitment refers to attachment to the organization such that the strongly committed individual identifies and enjoys membership in the organization. Normative commitment refers to commitment based on a moral belief or obligation that it is the right and moral thing to remain with the organization. Continuance commitment refers to a tendency to "engage in consistent lines of activity" (Becker, 1960:33) on the basis of the individual's awareness of the costs. Although recent studies of the psychometric properties of the three-component organizational commitment have been supportive, generalizability and applicability of Meyer, Allen, and Smith's (MAS's) scales across cultures is not well examined (Ko, Price, & Mueller, 1997). One purpose of our study was to use MAS's scale in the Mexican workplace, a society quite different from the Western context in which the majority of research using the scales has taken place. We proposed the first study question: "Does the three-component of organizational commitment proposed by Meyer, Allen, and Smith apply to the Mexican workplace?" Mexican workers typically value social networks and relationships and expect group members to support and sustain one another (Stephens & Greer, 1995). It is reasonable to expect that social support systems increase organizational commitment (Ko et al., 1997). This leads to another research question: "Do the members of QCCs report more commitment to the organization than non-QCC members in the Mexican workplace?" Education may be related to a particular type of work but does not prepare a person for employment in a specific organization or position. Seldom are there practical programs that would provide specific skills in the formal education system in the advanced nations. Therefore, we raised the next question: "Do the workers with higher education experience more commitment to the organization when compared to those with lower education in the Mexican workplace?" The QCCs members' abilities and skills may be enhanced through quality control circle activities when compared to non-members. …


Disordered eating behaviors are defined as obsessive actions surrounding a person's eating patterns, body shape, and weight (National Institute of Mental Health) and impacts an estimated 21.5 million people (American Addiction Centers) in the United States. Food addiction is a phenomenon closely tied with disordered eating behaviors (Russell, 2013), where little research has examined the role of intrapsychological factors, particularly self-worth, in both the development of food addictive behaviors and the efficacy of treatment. Current research evaluates the role of self-esteem in individuals with food addiction, however studies have found it as a less accurate portrayal of the selfconcept due to the fluctuation and subjective nature of its evaluation (Neff & Vonk, 2009) with calls for a more comprehensive state of measurement (Hunter, Jason, & Keys, 2013). The purpose of the current study is to close the gap in our knowledge regarding the role that self-worth plays in both the development and treatment of disordered eating behaviors as it relates to food addiction. Five female participants, all with diagnosed disordered eating behaviors, were recruited through the National Eating Disorder online research forum. They completed online measures including a demographic questionnaire; a structured interview with open-ended items asking about their perceptions of the causes of their disordered eating behavior, their therapy history and perceptions of success, and their beliefs in the role of their self-worth in their disordered eating and treatment. Analysis of interview results reveal several consistent themes: the disordered eating behavior was a body-directed form of self-punishment in response to social influences, and self-worth was seen by participants as being positively correlated to their recovery success. Participants' emotional states before, during, and after engaging in disordered eating patterns were found to be related to particular needs that the disordered eating behaviors were fulfilling. These results can inform the field of the importance of self-worth in the development of disordered eating behaviors as well as in the recovery of these behaviors.


Cecil Davies' The Adelphi Players: The Theatre of Persons represents a uniquely interesting contribution to our understanding of touring British theatre in the mid-twentieth-century, post-war period. This book will interest everyone - whether student, academic or general reader - who wants to know more about issues concerning the recent history of British theatre. In their values and aims, the Adelphi Players pre-empted many of the post-war developments that we associate with the non-commercial, fringe and community theatre movement. In Richard Heron Ward founder of the Adelphi-Players, we encounter a dramatist, novelist, essayist and poet who has been unusually neglected in terms of our appreciation of the English literature of the broad left in the 1930s, '40s and '50s. The Adelphi Players has been edited by Peter Billingham, who has also provided an introduction placing Ward and the Adelphi players in the wider social, cultural and ideological context.


The purpose and requirements of formal nomenclature must not be confused with the needs for informal classification systems in fossil plant study. Confusion has resulted from overlapping systems of classification and seemingly excessive synonymy. Of about 50 proposals considered at the Ninth International Botanical Congress, Montreal, Canada, 1959, for amending the Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 26 were accepted affecting paleobotany. They include: 1) abolition of the paleobotanical appendix and its incorporation in the Code, 2) corrections to the 1954 Code resulting from misuse of the word "recent," 3) elimination of nomenclatural provisions for fossil plants that are different from those for extant plants, 4) failure to require Latin diagnosis for new taxa, 5) rejection of most proposals for nomina conservanda and 6) increased representation of palynologists on the Bureau of Nomenclature.


While visiting our kids and grandson last year, I had a recurring thought: being a grandparent is not for 'sissies'. My wife and I thought about how grandparenting challenged our health; each day saw some insult to body homeostasis and we were grateful each night for another day survived. Don't get me wrong, we wouldn't trade days with our little man for all the gold in China or the USA, but I came to think that grandparents are special people, not for giving love or gifts, but for putting our bodies on the line. Occupational illness is a given - the Compensation Commissioner needs to take note.


The main purpose of this study was to investigate intrinsic motivation factors across multinational organisations located in Ireland. The thesis explored the extent to which intrinsic motivation factors such as autonomy, mastery and purpose affect multicultural workforces. The research addressed employees in Ireland motivated by intrinsic incentives. The examination concentrated on autonomy as the ability to freely choose the task, technique, team and the time related to completing the work. Mastery represents another element of staff's inside drives, dealing with the need to become increasingly better at completing jobs. Purpose, meanwhile, is the final important intrinsic factor, and relates to doing meaningful work that can be beneficial to others.

To gather the data, a quantitative method, in the form of an online survey was used, with 200 respondents providing reliable replies. The research compared two groups of employees, Irish and non-Irish, to understand what motivates them and to what extent the incentives are different based on nationality. The findings have been summarised and presented using the SPSS program.

The findings proved that intrinsic motivation is important for employees. However, Irish workers are more intrinsically motivated than non-Irish. All three: autonomy, mastery and purpose, are highly necessary for staff, regardless of nationality. The research disagreed with the assertion that autonomy is an element of inside incentive, as no correlation was indicated between it and intrinsic motivation. Mastery and purpose can be named as the factors affecting intrinsic incentives, as a significant correlation was found between them. Moreover, non-Irish staff were found to place more value in development and the ability to learn at work than Irish personnel. Finally, the level of intrinsic motivation depends strongly on salary satisfaction.

The thesis has been built on a broad literature review and primary research. The findings can be used by company owners, HR representatives and managers to understand what factors currently motivate employees, and help them to create reliable, successful and effective motivational programmes based on fulfilling their inside desires.


Background: Dance and yoga have been shown to produce improvements in psychological well-being.Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine some of the psychological and neuroendocrine responses to these activities.Methods: Sixty-nine healthy college students participated in one of three 90-min classes: African dance (n = 21), Hatha yoga (n = 18), or a biology lecture as a control session (n = 30). Before and after each condition participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), completed the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, and provided a saliva sample for cortisol.Results: There were significant reductions in PSS and negative affect (ps < .0001) and Time × Treatment interactions (ps < .0001) such that African dance and Hatha yoga showed significant declines, whereas there was no significant change in biology lecture. There was no significant main effect for positive affect (p = .53), however there was a significant interaction effect (p < .001) such that positive affect increased in African dance, decreased in biology lecture, and did not change significantly in Hatha yoga. There was a significant main effect for salivary cortisol (p < .05) and a significant interaction effect (p < .0001) such that cortisol increased in African dance, decreased in Hatha yoga, and did not change in biology. Changes in cortisol were not significantly related to changes in psychological variables across treatments. There was 1 significant interaction effect (p = .04) such that change in positive affect and change in cortisol were negatively correlated in Hatha yoga but positively correlated in African dance and biology.Conclusions: Both African dance and Hatha yoga reduced perceived stress and negative affect. Cortisol increased in African dance and decreased in Hatha yoga. Therefore, even when these interventions produce similar positive psychological effects, the effects may be very different on physiological stress processes. One factor that may have particular salience is the amount of physiological arousal produced by the intervention.


Objective In United States, Asian Americans are 10 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection than Whites. Asian immigrants with limited English proficiency face extra barriers to HBV screening and many are unaware of the infectious status. This study aimed to evaluate a social media-based intervention to promote HBV screening and liver cancer prevention among Korean Americans (KA) with limited English proficiency. Methods Our community-academia partnership developed the "Lets talk about liver cancer" mHealth program by adapting a CDC media campaign. The program consisted of culturally tailored short video clips and pictorial messages and was delivered over 4 weeks to the participants via the popular Korean social media app, Kakao Talk. A total 100 KA living in greater Washington DC metropolitan were recruited via social media networks and completed this pre-post pilot study. Results Out of the 100 participants of KA, 56 were female, mean age was 60, and most have lived in the U.S. for more than 20 years, 84% had limited English proficiency, and 21% had a family history of HBV infection or liver cancer. After 4-week intervention, 95% completed the follow-up survey. Participants reported significant improvements in HBV-related knowledge, liver cancer prevention knowledge, perceived benefits of HBV testing, perceived risks of HBV infection, injunctive norms of HBV testing, and self-efficacy of HBV testing. Conclusions The Kakao Talk-based liver cancer prevention program for KAs was feasible and effective. We advocate for community-academia partnership to develop and implement culturally appropriate and social media-based interventions for underserved immigrants.


The high rate of collisions on horizontal curves compared to other roadway elements makes them one of the most critical elements in a transportation network. In this regard, the current practice to design horizontal alignment needs to be reviewed.The current design guides adopt a deterministic approach to design horizontal curves considering only the driver comfort criterion and using a point mass model in the analysis. Therefore, the current design procedure suffers from several shortcomings. First, it ignores the importance of the probabilistic factors of highway operations and overlooks the variability effects of the factors included in the design. Second, adopting the comfort criterion and ignoring other design criteria, such as vehicle dynamic stability and sight distance, might lead to unsafe design in some cases. Third, using the point mass model in the analysis is questionable since it is insensitive to vehicle characteristics and the road profile. Also, the comfort thresholds used in the design are obtained from experiments conducted in the 1930s. This thesis aims at overcoming some of these issues through developing a new framework to design horizontal curves.
The new design framework adopts the reliability based-design approach and considers four design criteria in the design procedure to accommodate the driver behaviour in a quantitative manner. The naturalistic driving study database is used to examine driving behaviour on horizontal curves and to develop new models to predict the distributions of speed on curves and driver comfort thresholds. In addition, CarSIM software was used to develop models to estimate lateral friction demand with a higher level of accuracy. The first order reliability method is used to evaluate horizontal curve performance. The outputs of the reliability analysis were used as predictors in developing safety performance functions.
Reliability-based design concept is a promising concept that can be implemented in transportation engineering. This concept can provide a quantitative evaluation and can be used as a surrogate measure for safety performance. The research found that evaluation of horizontal curves performance should consider all design criteria simultaneously because changing geometric parameters to improve one of the design criterion, would affect the other design criteria.


It has often remained unclear when and where Arendt and Strauss's comprehensive accounts of modern thought entailed a critique of liberalism in the more specific sense. This paper argues that even if neither of them wrote a systematic assessment of liberalism, they focused on the change that it had brought about in the understanding of politics. Here both turned to Thomas Hobbes as the paradigmatic liberal. Arendt and Strauss's readings display striking parallels and thus allow us to qualify the familiar opposition between them. These readings also reveal the distinctly political core of their philosophical approaches to liberal modernity.


In the 1970's Baudisch introduced the idea of the semifree group, that is, a group in which the only relators are commutators of generators. Baudisch was mainly concerned with subgroup problems, employing length arguments
on the elements of these groups. More recently Droms and Servatius have continued the study of semifree, or graph groups, as they call them. They answer some of the questions left open by the work of Baudisch. It is
possible to take the graph analogy a level higher and study graph products of groups, which not only generalise graph groups, but also free and direct products. In this thesis we seek to explore the properties of graph products
of groups.

After some preliminaries in chapter 1, chapter 2 quotes the main results from the work of Baudisch, Droms and Servatius on graph groups, and includes a few elementary results. In chapter 3 we show that many of the well known results about free products and direct products will generalise to
graph products. We also extend some of the results on graph groups and give a counter example to a plausible conjecture. We develop a normal form for elements in graph products and, with the use of a generalised free product
representation, show solvability of the word and conjugacy problems.

In-chapter 4 we examine the concept of graphological indecomposability. Having disposed of an obvious conjecture by way of a counter example we present a number of isomorphism theorems.

Chapter 5 is devoted to residual properties of graph products. Much work has been done by Stebe, Allenby and others on residual finiteness, conjugacy separability and potency of free groups and free products. We generalise some of these results. Finally, in chapter 6 we return to graph groups for a look at the Freiheitssatz. Various subclasses have been covered by Pride, Baumslag and
Howie, and we seek to extend their results.


The Engineering Systems Design Lab (ESDL) at the University of Illinois introduced Strain-Actuated Solar Arrays (SASAs) as a solution for precise satellite Attitude Control System (ACSs). SASA is designed to provide active mechanical vibration (jitter) cancellation, as well as small slew maneuver capabilities to hold a pose for short time periods. Current SASA implementations utilize piezoelectric distributed actuators to strain deployable structures, and the resulting momentum transfer rotates the spacecraft bus. A core disadvantage, however, is small strain and slew capability. Initial SASA systems could help improve pointing accuracy, but must be coupled with another ACS technology to produce large reorientations. A novel extension of the original SASA system is presented here that overcomes the small-displacement limitation, enabling use of SASA as a sole ACS for some missions, or in conjunction with other ACSs. This extension, known as Multifunctional Structures for Attitude Control (MSAC), can produce arbitrarily-large rotations, and has the potential to scale to large spacecraft. The system utilizes existing flexible deployable structures (such as solar arrays or radiators) as multifunctional devices. This multi-role use of solar panels extends their utility at a low mass penalty, while increasing reliability of the spacecraft ACS.


Background and purpose: According to the World Health Organization, sick building syndrome (SBS) is a common complication among office workers and its symptoms include inflammation of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, dry cough, dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and sensitivity to smells. Most of the symptoms disappear by leaving the building. Inappropriate design of buildings, workers activities, poor ventilation, chemical and biological pollutants are believed to be the risk factors for SBS. People involved in this situation usually have lower job satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SBS among bank employees and its relationship with job satisfaction and some environmental factors. Materials and methods: Data was obtained using the MM040EA questionnaire and JDI among all employees (n= 264) in one of the banks in Mazandaran province, Iran. To determine the parameters of air quality, temperature and concentrations of CO2, and humidity were measured using KIMO AQ-110 and TES1366, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS16. Results: The mean age of workers was 33.25 years and the prevalence of SBS was 79.6%. Fatigue was the most common symptom. Gender, age, work experience, education, smoking, temperature, and humidity did not have a significant relationship with the prevalence of SBS. But CO2 concentration showed a weak relationship (P= 0.049). Job satisfaction was found to have a significant relationship with the prevalence of SBS (P= 0.001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of SBS was seen in our cases. Its negative impacts on their comfort and job performance calls for improving air quality and ventilation systems in workplace to reduce the symptoms of SBS.


Using Japanese firm-level data, we investigate the firm-level relationship between export status and environmental performance in terms of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions intensity and energy intensity. As in previous studies, we first find that exporting firms have significantly lower CO₂ emissions/energy intensity. We then investigate the effects of exporting on CO₂ emissions/energy intensity by employing the propensity score matching (PSM) method, and find that the effects significantly vary across industries. Whereas exporting significantly improves environmental performance in most industries, exporting actually increases CO₂ emissions/energy intensity in the iron & steel industry. This finding suggests that the effect of exporting varies across industries.


The objective of this thesis was to further develop the polymer composite system consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and high modulus, continuous, regenerated cellulose fiber (lyocell). Of particular concern were both the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix and the consolidation process in the manufacture of these composite materials. Interfacial adhesion was found to be substantial due to the relative lack of the fiber pull-out phenomenon observed after tensile failure in the unmodified fiber composites. This result was then supported in the second study in which similar unmodified fiber composites experienced very little fiber pull out with evidence of a large amount of cohesive failure of the matrix accompanied by matrix particles adhering to the fiber surfaces. Void volume formation was mitigated to a small extent by the use of optimal consolidation conditions. Composites formed at moderate temperature (200 °C), low consolidation pressure (11.8 p.s.i.) and high consolidation time (13 min.) were found to have the lowest void volume formation of ca. 2.8 %. These composites were generally found to have the highest interfacial shear strength, ca. 16 MPa. A tensile modulus of 22 GPa and an ultimate strength of 246 MPa was obtained for this composite having a fiber volume content of ca. 62 %.


Julius Shulman's long career photographing great architectural works with depth, passion, drama, and an instinct for the architect's intentions has ensured his present status as one of the world's preeminent architectural photographers. His eloquent photos interpreting the structures of Richard Neutra and other early modernists helped the viewing public to understand these revolutionary buildings, and brought prominence to modernist practitioners who might otherwise have been considered eccentric. Frank Lloyd Wright once said that no better photos had ever been taken of Taliesin West than those by Shulman."Photographing Architecture and Interiors," published in 1962, is Shulman's first book, and he still considers it to be his most genuine reflection on the profession and on his own artistic philosophy. This title is an exact reprint of that now-classic publication. All of Shulman's famous photographs have here been reproduced from original prints, giving the images a crispness and luminosity not seen even in the 1962 edition. The introduction by Richard Neutra, perhaps Shulman's most important client and avid supporter, has been preserved; also included is a new foreword by Shulman himself.


Abstract. Oceanic rocks in the Ankara Melange along the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone (IAESZ) in north-central Anatolia include locally coherent ophiolite complexes (~ 179 Ma and ~ 80 Ma), seamount or oceanic plateau volcanic units with pelagic and reefal limestones (96.6 ± 1.8 Ma), metamorphic rocks with ages of 256.9 ± 8.0 Ma, 187.4 ± 3.7 Ma, 158.4 ± 4.2 Ma, and 83.5 ± 1.2 Ma indicating northern Tethys during the late Paleozoic through Cretaceous, and subalkaline to alkaline volcanic and plutonic rocks of an island arc origin (~ 67–63 Ma). All but the arc rocks occur in a shale–graywacke and/or serpentinite matrix, and are deformed by south-vergent thrust faults and folds that developed in the middle to late Eocene due to continental collisions in the region. Ophiolitic volcanic rocks have mid-ocean ridge (MORB) and island arc tholeiite (IAT) affinities showing moderate to significant large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment and depletion in Nb, Hf, Ti, Y and Yb, which indicate the influence of subduction-derived fluids in their melt evolution. Seamount/oceanic plateau basalts show ocean island basalt (OIB) affinities. The arc-related volcanic rocks, lamprophyric dikes and syenodioritic plutons exhibit high-K shoshonitic to medium- to high-K calc-alkaline compositions with strong enrichment in LILE, rare earth elements (REE) and Pb, and initial eNd values between +1.3 and +1.7. Subalkaline arc volcanic units occur in the northern part of the melange, whereas the younger alkaline volcanic rocks and intrusions (lamprophyre dikes and syenodioritic plutons) in the southern part. The late Permian, Early to Late Jurassic, and Late Cretaceous amphibole-epidote schist, epidote-actinolite, epidote-chlorite and epidote-glaucophane schists represent the metamorphic units formed in a subduction channel in the northern Neotethys. The Middle to Upper Triassic neritic limestones spatially associated with the seamount volcanic rocks indicate that the northern Neotethys was an open ocean with its MORB-type oceanic lithosphere by the early Triassic (or earlier). The latest Cretaceous–early Paleocene island arc volcanic, dike and plutonic rocks with subalkaline to alkaline geochemical affinities represent intraoceanic magmatism that developed on and across the subduction–accretion complex above a N-dipping, southward-rolling subducted lithospheric slab within the northern Neotethys. The Ankara Melange thus exhibits the record of ~ 120–130 million years of oceanic magmatism in geological history of the northern Neotethys.


This is a review of Paul Verkuil's new book: Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization Threatens Democracy and What we Can Do About It. The book consists of a wide-ranging and well-documented critique of what Verkuil views as excessive reliance on private contractors to perform a variety of inherently governmental tasks, with particular emphasis on military and other national security functions. Verkuil discusses in detail numerous ways in which the U.S. might reduce the scope and severity of the severe problems that excessive reliance on poorly-supervised contractors is now having. Pierce praises Verkuil's description and documentation of the problem he addresses in the book, but he expresses skepticism with respect to the likely efficacy of the remedies Verkuil discusses. Pierce proposes two other remedies that he believes would at least enhance the efficacy of the remedies Verkuil proposes - election of a President with better judgment than George W. Bush and congressional refusal to immunize private contractors from potential civil and criminal liability. Pierce also suggests, however, that downsizing and outsourcing military functions has had an important beneficial effect - it has limited the ability of the U.S. to invade and to occupy countries that displease the U.S., thereby reducing to two the five or six countries the U.S. might have attempted to invade and to occupy if it had a more robust military capability.


Background: The goal of this study is to analyze how a modified PT protocol affects length of stay following TKA in the public hospital patient population. Methods: A retrospective review of 157 patients that underwent unilateral primary TKA was done. Basic demographics, perioperative and post-discharge characteristics were collected on TKA patients one year prior and one year following the initiation of a new PT protocol. Results: There were 94 patients in the non-intensive PT cohort and 63 in the intensive PT cohort. Hospital LOS was significantly shorter in the intensive PT cohort (2.0 versus 3.9 days; p < 0.001). There was no difference in complication rates, ED-visits within 90 days, or 90-day readmission rates between the non-intensive and intensive cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we found that an intensive PT regimen significantly decreased LOS and increased home discharge for patients after TKA without negatively affecting postoperative clinical outcome s.


NOVEMBER 2017 IZA DP No. 11172 Migration and Co-Residence Choices: Evidence from Mexico* Household composition is traditionally regarded as exogenous in economic analyses. The migration literature typically assumes that the migration of a household member is not associated with further variations in co-residence choices. We rely on a large Mexican panel survey to provide novel evidence on the correlation between the occurrence of an international migration episode and additional changes in household composition. Migrant households have a 34.5 percent higher probability of receiving a new member within one year after the migration episode. Attrition is significantly higher among migrant households, and we provide suggestive evidence that this is due to the dissolution of the household of origin of the migrant, with all its members left behind joining another household. The endogeneity of co-residence choices has implications for survey-based measurement of migration flows, for the analysis of selection into migration, and for the effects of migration on the individuals left behind. JEL Classification: F22, J12


A modal aerosol module (MAM) has been developed for the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). MAM is capable of simulating the aerosol size distribution and both internal and external mixing between aerosol components, treating numerous complicated aerosol processes and aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties in a physically-based manner. Two MAM versions were developed: a more complete version with seven lognormal modes (MAM7), and a version with three lognormal modes (MAM3) for the purpose of long-term (decades to centuries) simulations. In this paper a description and evaluation of the aerosol module and its two representations are provided. Sensitivity of the aerosol lifecycle to simplifications in the representation of aerosol is discussed. Simulated sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass concentrations are remarkably similar between MAM3 and MAM7. Differences in primary organic matter (POM) and black carbon (BC) concentrations between MAM3 and MAM7 are also small (mostly within 10 %). The mineral dust global burden differs by 10 % and sea salt burden by 30–40 % between MAM3 and MAM7, mainly due to the different size ranges for dust and sea salt modes and different standard deviations of the log-normal size distribution for sea salt modes between MAM3 and MAM7. The model is able to qualitatively capture the observed geographical and temporal variations of aerosol mass and number concentrations, size distributions, and aerosol optical properties. However, there are noticeable biases; e.g., simulated BC concentrations are significantly lower than measurements in the Arctic. There is a low bias in modeled aerosol optical depth on the global scale, especially in the developing countries. These biases in aerosol simulations clearly indicate the need for improvements of aerosol processes (e.g., emission fluxes of anthropogenic aerosols and precursor gases in developing countries, boundary layer nucleation) and properties (e.g., primary aerosol emission size, POM hygroscopicity). In addition, the critical role of cloud properties (e.g., liquid water content, cloud fraction) responsible for the wet scavenging of aerosol is highlighted. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 710 X. Liu et al.: Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models


This paper provides a new perspective on intergenerational mobility in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We devise an empirical strategy that allows to calculate intergenerational elasticities between fathers and children of both sexes. The key insight of our approach is that the information about socioeconomic status conveyed by first names can be used to create a pseudo-link not only between fathers and sons, but also between fathers and daughters. The latter is typically not possible with historical data. We find that the father-son elasticity in economic status grows throughout the sample period. Intergenerational elasticities for daughters follow a broadly similar trend, but with some differences in timing. We argue that most of the increase in the intergenerational elasticity estimate in the early part of the 20th Century can be accounted for by the vast regional disparities in economic development, with increasing returns to human capital contributing to explain the residual. Other mechanisms such as changes in fertility, migration, and investment in public schooling, appear to have had only a minor role in explaining the trends.


This paper demonstrates a strategy for rapid estimation of particle size distributions based on wide-band ultrasound attenuation measurement in solid/liquid suspensions. The excess attenuation due to the presence of particle is first measured as a function of frequency, in a suspension of known particle mass fraction. A model of this attenuation that incorporates the dependency of ultrasound frequency, particle mass fraction, and particle size distribution is then required. An algorithm is then presented that estimates the parameters of the underlying model, thus obtaining an estimate of the particle size distribution. The algorithm is evaluated with numerical simulations as well as measurement on suspensions of Dolomite particles. The results show that the estimated particle size distribution agrees with what is to be expected from the mechanical sieving used in preparation of the samples.


The SCUBA-2 Ambitious Sky Survey (SASSy) is composed of shallow 850-μm imaging using the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Here we describe the extraction of a catalogue of beam-sized sources from a roughly 120deg2 region of the Galactic plane mapped uniformly (to an rms level of about 40 mJy), covering longitude 120◦ < l < 140◦ and latitude |b|< 2.9◦. We used a matched-filtering approach to increase the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in these noisy maps and tested the efficiency of our extraction procedure through estimates of the false discovery rate, as well as by adding artificial sources to the real images. The primary catalogue contains a total of 189 sources at 850μm, down to a S/N threshold of approximately 4.6. Additionally, we list 136 sources detected down to SN 4.3, but recognise that as we go lower in S/N, the reliability of the catalogue rapidly diminishes. We perform follow-up observations of some of our lower significance sources through small targeted SCUBA-2 images, and list 265 sources detected in these maps down to SN 5. This illustrates the real power of SASSy: inspecting the shallow maps for regions of 850-μm emission and then using deeper targeted images to efficiently find fainter sources. We also perform a comparison of the SASSy sources with the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources and the IRAS Point Source Catalogue, to determine which sources discovered in this field might be new, and hence potentially cold regions at an early stage of star formation.


Background & Objectives: Dermal exposure to chemical agents can result in a variety of occupational diseases and disorders, including occupational skin diseases and systemic toxicity. The present paper focused on transport properties of nanocomposite based on carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR)-nanoclay. Methods: In this study, XNBR gloves nanocomposite were prepared at different amounts of nanoclay; i.e. 3, 6, 9 phr (parts per hundred of rubber). Swelling procedure was conducted for different nanocomposites using two neat organic solvents (i.e. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and Ethyl acetate). Results: Near Fickian diffusion was observed for XNBR based nanocomposites containing different amounts of nanoclay. The permeability coefficients were higher for ethyl acetate compared to CCl 4 in all XNBR nanocomposites. In addition, a significant decrease was observed in the permeability coefficients of the selected solvent XNBR 3 . Conclusion : Analysis of transport properties of synthesized nanocomposites illustrated that application of these materials seems promising for manufacturing protective gloves.


The Ras GTPases are the founding members of large Ras superfamily, which constitutes more than 150 of these important class of enzymes. These GTPases function as GDP-GTP-regulated binary switches that control many fundamental cellular processes. There are a number of GTPases that have been identified recently, which do not confine to this prototype termed as "atypical GTPases" but have proved to play a remarkable role in vital cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the crucial physiological functions mediated by RGK and Centaurin class of multi domain atypical GTPases. Moreover, the recently available atypical GTPase structures of the two families, regulation, physiological functions and their critical roles in various diseases will be discussed. In summary, this review will highlight the emerging atypical GTPase family which allows us to understand novel regulatory mechanisms and thus providing new avenues for drug discovery programs.


Abstract This study analyzes the cognitive effort and linguistic procedures of sixty students using information taken from an experimental website in L1 (French) and in L2 (English). The students navigated on the website and took notes on paper or with a word processor. A triple-task paradigm was used to estimate the cognitive load of reading, notetaking, and writing processes in L2. The students had to perform two additional tasks while a main task (notetaking, for example) was being carried out. They had to react as fast as possible to sound signals sent out at random intervals. They also had to identify what they were doing at the time the sound signal was heard (reading, notetaking, or writing). The study focuses on the way the students managed their cognitive resources while exploring the website, selecting and writing down the ideas they considered useful, and reconstructing them later when producing their own text. Surprisingly, no difference in cognitive load was observed between L1 and L2. By relying almost exclusively on the copy and paste functions to retrieve information from the website, the participants using a word processor in L2 succeeded in making reading a less costly activity, and they performed similarly to the notetakers in L1. The students' difficulties in L2 became apparent only in the paper condition. The strategies and linguistic procedures of the students are described and related to the ways teachers can approach the new dimensions of notetaking and writing with a computer.


Televised alcohol advertisements in the United Kingdom must abide by the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice Code, which provides guidelines concerning advertisements not implying, condoning or encouraging immoderate, irresponsible or antisocial drinking. Previously, 75 per cent of 373 general public respondents were shown one of seven advertisements rated a breach of at least one guideline. This study assessed whether experts in marketing (n = 25) and alcohol treatment/public health (n = 25) perceived the same seven television alcohol advertisements as complying with the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice Code. Overall, 83 per cent of advertisements were rated as breaching at least one guideline. This provides further proof that self-regulatory alcohol guidelines are not fit for purpose.


Source mechanisms of the Melilla, Alhoceima, and Mascara earthquakes, including fault-plane solutions, waveform modeling, and spectral analysis, are presented. Strike-slip solutions have been obtained for the Melilla and Alhoceima earthquakes and reverse faulting for Mascara. Teleseismic P-wave inversion, using broadband data, show a complex mechanism for the Alhoceima earthquake formed by two subevents at very shallow depth (7 and 8 km) and scalar seismic moments of 1.1 × 10e + 17 N-m and 4.8 × 10e + 17 N-m. The Mascara earthquake was a single event, with a shallow depth (4.5 km) and a scalar seismic moment of 3.3 × 10e + 17 N-m. Results of the Alhoceima, Melilla, and Mascara earthquakes, together with 53 focal mechanisms in the region, show a regional stress regime that corresponds to horizontal compression in a NW-SE direction, associated with the convergence between Eurasia and Africa. A change of the stress regime in the plate boundary of the Ibero-Maghrebian region has been found.


When a child develops a fever, it may cause them discomfort and distress and may cause their parents a great deal of concern. Numerous over-the-counter paediatric preparations are available to enable parents to manage a child's fever at home. In the pharmacy the pharmacist's assistants can provide useful assistance with the selection of the most appropriate anti-pyretic agent in the most suitable formulation. The pharmacist's assistant should use every opportunity to educate parents about the correct dosing and safe use of these products as they will most likely be kept in the home to be used at a later date. They will also need to be able to assist parents in determining when it is necessary to take their feverish child to the doctor or to ask the pharmacist for further advice.


The Moravians who settled Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1742 were committed to a society centered around missionary work. To free their missionaries from the need to earn a living, they formed a communal economic organization in which all workers gave their labor to the community in exchange for food, shelter, and clothing. To encourage each individual's religious development, family ties were deemphasized and members of the same sex, marital status, and age slept, worked, and worshipped together. After 20 years, the worldwide Moravian Church, facing a financial crisis, ordered Bethlehem to reorganize into a traditional community of nuclear families. It was hoped that, under this more conventional arrangement, Bethlehem could be expected to help pay the huge debts of the parent church. In The Transformation of Moravian Bethlehem, Beverly Prior Smaby traces the effects of this change on Bethlehem's Moravians, demonstrating how it altered even the most intimate aspects of their lives. She analyzes the unusually accurate marriage, birth, death, migration, and census records to assess the demographic response to institutional change. She traces change in cultural norms through unique technical analyses of biographies which were read at a variety of Moravian gatherings. Within 100 years, Smaby asserts, Bethlehem grew from an egalitarian communal society of symbolic Brothers and Sisters into a privatized community of socially stratified families whose cultural ideal was no longer religious service but usefulness to family and society. Scholars of American history and folk life will find this book a valuable addition to literature on community history, social change, and historical methods. Church historians will benefit from its in-depth study of secularization on a personal level, and it will be of keen interest to members of the Moravian Church.


The decision in Near v. Minnesota, while establishing the prior restraint doctrine as a critical element for First Amendment analysis, failed to give a definition of prior restraint. The result has been inconsistent and unpredictable application of the doctrine as well as diminished protection of free expression. This article takes the next critical step in the journey begun by Near v. Minnesota; it attempts to create a comprehensive definition of prior restraint using the principles of separation of powers. Because all three branches can create 'prior restraints,' the prevention of unconstitutional restraints will necessitate different safeguards depending on which branch of government is attempting to exercise the prior restraint. Fundamentally, the only governmental activity relating to speech permitted "prior" to communication is that of the legislature creating a general rule, that does not focus on the particular speaker or individual message. There is no role for either the executive branch or the judicial branch at the creation of a general rule; both are barred from taking action on expression before communication. With this structure in mind, a two-part definition for prior restraint can be articulated: (1) A prior restraint occurs whenever judges or executive branch personnel are authorized to take notice of specific expression intended for communication rather than that which has actually been communicated. (2) For those rare cases when the Constitution permits the regulation of expression before it is communicated [such as censorship of obscene films], a prior restraint also occurs if either (a) the judiciary can initiate enforcement or delimit the speech that is prohibited; or (b) the executive can make a final determination of illegality. Restrictions that do not threaten the separation of powers, such as judicial orders governing trial participants or executive branch contracts limiting speech by executive branch employees, should not be regarded as prior restraints. Similarly, taxes on speakers that do not require a particularized analysis of the content of expression should not be treated as a prior restraint. Finally, regulation of conduct or property rights should not be regarded as a prior restraint, even when expression is combined with the conduct (as in commercial speech) or the property right (as with copyrights). Of course, even though these should not be considered 'prior restraints', they are still governed by the First Amendment and may be struck down pursuant to other, more appropriate, forms of analysis.


The thesis studies the impact of the financial support of the Environmental and Rural Development Programme of 2000-2006 on farm diversification and other activities in the rural areas of the Västra Götaland County for the period 2000-2005. Furthermore, it analyses if diversification within the firms has improved efficiency due to economies of scope. The statistical data of this study is based on a telephone survey of a total population of 50 firms that have received financial support for diversification, within the County of Västra Götaland. The response rate of the telephone survey was 80 per cent of the total population. The statistical analysis is based on chi-square and logit models in combination with a descriptive analysis in order to test the hypothesis of the thesis. Therefore, the empirical analysis has both a quantitative and a qualitative character. The result of the study shows that about 87.7 per cent of the surveyed firms have diversified their economic activities during the years 2000-2005. Firms owned by women tend to have diversified to a larger extent compared to men. Further, women show a tendency to be more successful with a higher degree of diversification within the service sector compared to men. The enterprises within the production and refinement sectors have, on the other hand, a propensity to focus on traditional agricultural production despite the diversification. A majority of the interviewed firms have received benefits from scope economies, which imply that the firms utilise joint production with shared inputs. The scope economies existed among studied firms previous to the support and there are no significant changes in the economies of scope due to the financial support. Overall, the financial support seems to have had a positive impact on the firms' economic situation since none of the studied firms has experienced a decline in employment, turnover or income.


Background and Aims The use of cannabis has previously been linked to both depression and self-harm, however the role of genetics in this relationship are unclear. We aimed to examine the phenotypic and genetic relationships between these traits. Design Genetic and cross-sectional phenotypic data collected through UK Biobank, together with consortia genome-wide association study summary statistics. These data were used to assess the phenotypic and genetic relationship between cannabis use, depression and self harm. Setting UK, with additional international consortia data Participants N=126,291 British adults aged between 40 and 70 years, recruited into UK Biobank Measurements Genome-wide genetic data, phenotypic data on lifetime history of cannabis use, depression and self-harm. Findings In UK Biobank, cannabis use is associated with increased likelihood of depression (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.59-1.70, p=1.19×10−213) and self-harm (OR=2.85, 95% CI=2.69-3.01, p=3.46×10−304). The strength of this phenotypic association is stronger when more severe trait definitions of cannabis use and depression are considered. Additionally, significant genetic correlations are seen between cannabis use and depression using consortia summary statistics (rg=0.289, SE=0.036, p=1.45×10−15). Polygenic risk scores for cannabis use and depression both explain a small but significant proportion of variance in cannabis use, depression and self harm within a UK Biobank target sample. However, two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses were not significant. Conclusions Cannabis use is both phenotypically and genetically associated with depression and self harm. Future work dissecting the causal mechanism linking these traits may have implications for cannabis users.


Purpose: This research was aimed at investigating organisational support by means of knowledge conversion processes toward maturity growth in innovation capability areas. Problem investigated: No formal guidelines exist for the use of knowledge management to grow innovation capability maturity. As knowledge management plays a fundamental role in an enterprise's ability to innovate successfully, the following question arises: Can knowledge creation processes be used to enable innovation capability maturity growth? Methodology: The literature therefore provides a strong basis for the argument that knowledge management and more specifically knowledge creation processes could be used to improve an enterprise's innovation capability maturity. A knowledge creation framework that enables innovation capability maturity growth was designed by aligning knowledge creation processes to the requirements for innovation capability growth from one maturity level to the next. The time-frame of the research did not allow the implementation of the framework, and five industry and subject theory experts were used to evaluate the framework. Findings: All five experts responded positively to, and were in agreement that the reasoning applied when identifying the specific knowledge creation process path as a key enabler of growth between innovation capability maturity levels is logical and sound. Value of research: The unique research contribution of the framework lies in providing a tangible link between the fields of knowledge management and innovation capability maturity. Conclusion: The impact of this research lies in the development of a knowledge creation framework that provides guidelines for the use of knowledge creation processes as a vehicle for innovation capability maturity growth.


Every day, new developments are occurring in today's technology. Education systems are also being affected in parallel by newly emerging hardware. Especially the use of tablets is becoming widespread in the teaching-learning processes within the recent years. Therefore, using the tablets effectively and correctly, managing them and having a high level of tablet literacy plays an important role within the education system. The purpose of this study is to determine the tablet literacy levels of the students in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching department and examine this data with regards to various variables. 276 students participated in the study. As a result of the study, the tablet literacy levels of the Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department students are observed to be at high levels. Another conclusion of the study is that while no significant difference could be found in the tablet literacy levels of the students in terms of gender, the students in the 2nd grade are noted to be at higher levels in terms of tablet literacy compared to the students in 3rd and 4th grades and tablet owners are more tablet literate when compared to non-tablet owners. On the other hand, a significant correlation at a low level was found between the tablet usage time and tablet literacy.


Abstract. This study examines the possibility of ground-based remote-sensing ozone total column amounts (OTC) from spectral signatures at 3040 and 4030 cm−1. These spectral regions are routinely measured by the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infraRed) experiments. In addition, they are potentially detectable by the TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) FTIR instruments. The ozone retrieval strategy presented here estimates the OTC from NDACC FTIR high-resolution spectra with a theoretical precision of about 2 and 5% in the 3040 and 4030 cm−1 regions, respectively. Empirically, these OTC products are validated by inter-comparison to FTIR OTC reference retrievals in the 1000 cm−1 spectral region (standard reference for NDACC ozone products), using an 8-year FTIR time series (2005–2012) taken at the subtropical ozone supersite of the Izana Atmospheric Observatory (Tenerife, Spain). Associated with the weaker ozone signatures at the higher wave number regions, the 3040 and 4030 cm−1 retrievals show lower vertical sensitivity than the 1000 cm−1 retrievals. Nevertheless, we observe that the rather consistent variations are detected: the variances of the 3040 cm−1 and the 4030 cm−1 retrievals agree within 90 and 75%, respectively, with the variance of the 1000 cm−1 standard retrieval. Furthermore, all three retrievals show very similar annual cycles. However, we observe a large systematic difference of about 7% between the OTC obtained at 1000 and 3040 cm−1, indicating a significant inconsistency between the spectroscopic ozone parameters (HITRAN, 2012) of both regions. Between the 1000 cm and the 4030 cm−1 retrieval the systematic difference is only 2–3%. Finally, the long-term stability of the OTC retrievals has also been examined, observing that both near-infrared retrievals can monitor the long-term OTC evolution, consistent with the 1000 cm−1 reference data. These findings demonstrate that recording the solar absorption spectra in the 3000 cm−1 spectral region at high spectral resolution (about 0.005 cm−1) might be useful for TCCON sites. Hence, both NDACC and TCCON ground-based FTIR experiments might contribute to global ozone databases.


Formin 1 confers actin nucleation by generating long stretches of actin microfilaments to support cell movement, cell shape, and intracellular protein trafficking. Formin 1 is likely involved in microtubule (MT) dynamics due to the presence of a MT binding domain near its N terminus. Here, formin 1 was shown to structurally interact with α-tubulin, the building block of MT, and also end-binding protein 1 (a MT plus [+]-end-binding protein that stabilizes MT) in the testis. Knockdown of formin 1 in Sertoli cells with an established tight junction barrier was found to induce down-regulation of detyrosinated MT (a stabilized form of MT), and disorganization of MTs, in which MTs were retracted from the cell cortical zone, mediated through a loss of MT polymerization and down-regulation of Akt1/2 signaling kinase. An efficient knockdown of formin 1 in the testis reduced the number of track-like structures conferred by MTs and F-actin considerably, causing defects in spermatid and phagosome transport across the seminiferous epithelium. In summary, formin1 maintains MT and F-actin track-like structures to support spermatid and phagosome transport across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to look at current discourse on the topic of crypto-currencies, more specifically Bitcoins, and their application to funding acts of terror. The paper clearly establishes the risks posed by this new payment technology and value transfer system to assist in the process of funding, planning and implementing acts of terror.

Design/methodology/approach

Publications, blogs and sites published and administered by terrorists groups and their supporters are examined to determine their interest in leveraging emerging payment and value transfer systems to facilitate the funding, planning and implementation of terror attacks. Press releases and other publications are also examined to determine whether crypto-currencies have been used by these groups in fund raising, fund transfer or recent terror attacks.

Findings

Although it is difficult to find concrete evidence of largescale use of Bitcoins and other crypto-currencies by terrorist groups and their supporters, there is strong evidence to suggest that they have been linked to a number of terror attacks in Europe and Indonesia. Supporters of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), jihadists and terrorist organisations are actively looking to and promoting the use of new and emerging technologies, such as Bitcoin, to mitigate some of the risks associated with traditional fund transfer methods. Some websites associated with terrorist organisations have started to collect donations in Bitcoins. Many Bitcoin ATMs and Bitcoin exchanges are located in countries that have seen significant numbers of foreign fighters join ISIS in the Middle East and are also positioned in countries that have seen increased risk of terror attack. These present a significant risk because they allow for the seamless, anonymous transfer of funds to and from terrorist groups and their supporters. The paper highlights the need for further in-depth research into reliable ways to circumvent the current difficulties experienced in differentiating illicit transactions from legitimate ones and establishing reliable means of attribution.

Originality/value

Using a document published by ISIS, which provides would-be jihadists detailed instructions on how they can get to Syria or Iraq without being detected, a set of models were created showing how this could be achieved using Bitcoins alone. From this scenario, red flag indicators and suspicious behaviour models have been created to determine whether they can be identified during detailed analysis of the Bitcoin blockchain which will be conducted in later stages of research.


Due to the limited and even imbalanced data, semi-supervised semantic segmentation tends to have poor performance on some certain categories, e.g., tailed categories in Cityscapes dataset which exhibits a long-tailed label distribution. Existing approaches almost all neglect this problem, and treat categories equally. Some popular approaches such as consistency regularization or pseudo-labeling may even harm the learning of under-performing categories, that the predictions or pseudo labels of these categories could be too inaccurate to guide the learning on the unlabeled data. In this paper, we look into this problem, and propose a novel framework for semi-supervised semantic segmentation, named adaptive equalization learning (AEL). AEL adaptively balances the training of well and badly performed categories, with a confidence bank to dynamically track category-wise performance during training. The confidence bank is leveraged as an indicator to tilt training towards under-performing categories, instantiated in three strategies: 1) adaptive Copy-Paste and CutMix data augmentation approaches which give more chance for under-performing categories to be copied or cut; 2) an adaptive data sampling approach to encourage pixels from under-performing category to be sampled; 3) a simple yet effective re-weighting method to alleviate the training noise raised by pseudo-labeling. Experimentally, AEL outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on the Cityscapes and Pascal VOC benchmarks under various data partition protocols. Code is available at https://github.com/hzhupku/SemiSeg-AEL


The field of interest of the Communications Society consists of all telecommunications including telephone, telegraphy, facsimile, and point-to-point television, by electromagnetic propagation including radio; wire; aerial; underground, coaxial, and submarine cables; waveguides, communication satellites, and lasers; in marine, aeronautical, space and fixed station services; repeaters, radio relaying, signal storage, and regeneration; telecommunication error detection and correction; multiplexing and carrier techniques; communication switching systems; data communications; and communication theory. Contributions of theory enhancing the understanding of communication systems and techniques are included, as are discussions of the social implications of the development of communication technology. For membership and subscription information and pricing, please visit https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog. Member copies of Transactions/Journals are for personal use only. TRANSACTIONS EDITORIAL BOARD


This dissertation asserts that the cool's significance in 20th-century American culture exceeds that assigned to it by current critiques. It assays a rhetorical model which describes coolness as stillness in behavior that surprises witnesses, given the assumptions they make about the still person and context for his or her behavior. Such stillness agitates witnesses' normative assumptions about all those in the rhetorical situation, including assumptions about affect, gender, race, class and sexuality. Agitation may also lead to conjecture about what mindset could produce cool behavior. To test this model I investigate representations of coolness in James Baldwin's short story, "Going to Meet the Man" (1965), Andy Warhol's film The Chelsea Girls (1966), Shirley Clarke's film Portrait of Jason (1967) and contemporaneous projects, William S. Burroughs' novel Naked Lunch (1959), and Sam Greenlee's novel The Spook Who Sat by the Door (1969). Baldwin invests a Civil Rights activist's cool behavior with power to agitate the fetishizing racist psyche of a white policeman and associates cool with ethical authority to call others into being. In his public image and films, Warhol uses shame to produce an unexpectedly still position of shamelessness. Clarke's Portrait of Jason features similar shamelessness and locates a locus of stillness in unexpected and unseen knowledge a con artist deploys and in unexpected performance of queerly mobile affect. Asking why Clarke filmed Jason Holliday rather than herself to contest cinéma verité's assumptions leads this inquiry to consider her attempts to film females with coolly "kaleidoscopic" effects like those of Portrait. Secret agency emerges as a still locus of being in Naked Lunch and The Spook Who Sat By The Door that stresses how individuals have been imagined in Postwar America.


This essay, by the editor of Common Knowledge, comprises the introduction to an issue of the journal dedicated to experiments in scholarly form and to discussion of them. He explains the choice of articles and other pieces in the issue on the basis of their contributions either as experiments themselves or as discussions of experimental principles. The introduction itself contributes to the latter by suggesting a distinction between "triumphalist" and "defeatist" calls for poets and fiction writers to do the work of scholars. In the latter variant, poets in general are challenged by dissident colleagues (for instance, Donald Davie in Purity of Diction in English Verse) to write exclusively didactic poetry, and to write it with the logical, linear clarity and straightforward syntax of rigorous yet easily followed argumentative prose. In the triumphalist variant, professors are challenged to write like poets—more specifically, like modern lyric poets: Jan Zwicky's essays on "lyric philosophy," analyzed by several contributors in this and the immediately preceding issue of the journal, are cited as examples. What these experiments along the frontier between poetry and philosophy share is an aspiration toward what Friedrich Schlegel described as the "poeticizing philosopher" and the "philosophizing poet." But, unlike other advocates of experimental mixtures (such as lyric philosophy and "creative criticism"), Schlegel was chiefly interested in historical discourse. He thought that history, like poetry, could be a means of addressing in a nontheoretical way what appear to be theoretical issues—and the present essay argues that attention to the line between fiction or poetry and philosophy is of trivial consequence compared with attention to that between fiction and historiography. The essay concludes with remarks about the state of history teaching in places, notably the Middle East, where historiography is presumed to be a simple study of who did what to whom—an approach to learning that instills in students an aspiration to "even the score." Alternative approaches, whether empirical or pluralist, are considered, but the author directs his hope, instead, toward the as-yet-unachieved possibility of an experimental historiography that in equal measure is charitable, imaginative, and irenic.


1. Motivations and Objectives The problem of time discontinuity (or jump condition) in the coalescence/dispersion (C/D) mixing model is addressed in first paxt (PDF) of this work. A C/D mixing model continuous in time is introduced. With the continuous mixing model, the process of chemical reaction can be fully coupled with mixing. In the case of homogeneous turbulence decay, the new model predicts a pdf very close to a Gaussian distribution, with finite higher moments also close to that of a Gaussian distribution. Results from the continuous mixing model are compared with both experimental data and numerical resuitsfr0m conventional C/D models. The effect of Coriolis forces on compressible homogeneous turbulence is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). The numerical method used in this study is an eigth order compact difference scheme. Contrary to the conclusions reached by previous DNS studies on incompressible isotropic turbulence, the present results show that the Coriolis force increases the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, and that anisotropy develops as the Coriolis force increases. The Taylor-Proudman theory does apply since the derivatives in the direction of the rotation axis vanishes rapidly. A closer analysis reveals that the dissipation rate of the incompressible component of the turbulent kinetic energy indeed decreases with a higher rotation rate, consistent with incompressible flow simulations (Bardinalr), while the dissipation rate of the Compressible part increases; the net gain is positive. Inertial Waves are observed in the simulation results.


This paper introduces a new extragradient-type algorithm for a class of nonconvex-nonconcave minimax problems. It is well-known that finding a local solution for general minimax problems is computationally intractable. This observation has recently motivated the study of structures sufficient for convergence of first order methods in the more general setting of variational inequalities when the so-called weak Minty variational inequality (MVI) holds. This problem class captures non-trivial structures as we demonstrate with examples, for which a large family of existing algorithms provably converge to limit cycles. Our results require a less restrictive parameter range in the weak MVI compared to what is previously known, thus extending the applicability of our scheme. The proposed algorithm is applicable to constrained and regularized problems, and involves an adaptive stepsize allowing for potentially larger stepsizes. Our scheme also converges globally even in settings where the underlying operator exhibits limit cycles.


In Bangladesh, food security is increasingly being adversely affected by extreme climatic events. The food price hike has been fueled by the consecutive floods and cyclone of 2007. The immediate health impacts of these disasters include illnesses, deaths and psychological stress or trauma. A secondary impact has been food insecurity, badly affecting the health of the majority of the population in multiple ways. With the fall in income, and rise in expenditure costs, loss of assets during disaster and the burden of loan repayments, the process of pauperization of the low income households is accelerated. Low household consumption of food and eroded livelihoods expose people to increased health risks. While the impoverishment is exposing the poor more to the adverse impact of climate change, this also bars people from prioritizing their health. Besides highlighting the health impacts of these extreme climatic events, the paper analyzes the policies and interventions that aim to address the needs of people grappling with a complex combination of climate change, livelihood security, food security, health and development.


This thesis defends a political version of the normative motivational critique of cosmopolitanism (hereafter NMC). It is a shared view by both proponents and critics of cosmopolitanism that this moral theory suffers from a 'motivational gap', i.e., the fact that people in general do not seem to be motivated to act in the way cosmopolitan theory prescribes.. This thesis aims to answer the following research questions: what, if any, is the normative significance of cosmopolitanism's motivational gap? Could there be a plausible version of the normative motivational critique, and, if it exists, what will be its implications for cosmopolitan theory? Through framing this discussion in recent methodological debates on the role of facts in normative political theory, and an analytical distinction between the different variations of the NMC, this thesis argues that a robust and plausible NMC is possible. While it rejects the meta-ethical version, which views motivational capabilities of individuals as direct constraints on moral norms, and the ethical version, which maintains that the sacrifices cosmopolitanism will require will be too unreasonably demanding, this thesis argues that a political version of the NMC, which moves away from arguments over the content of individual moral duties to questions of political normativity, and situates its critique of cosmopolitanism on the lack of motivational preconditions of social justice, is a plausible and defensible position.


The divided Supreme Court in Gundy v. United States and subsequent events have given rise to a general expectation that the Court will soon revitalize the nondelegation doctrine by replacing the intelligible principle standard. Some have greeted the prospect of this doctrinal shift with cheers of exaltation, others with cries of impending doom, anticipating the demise of the administrative state. This article contends that these predictions are overblown.

Statutory delegations of rulemaking authority and policymaking discretion are more deeply embedded in American law, and more complicated and variable, than proponents of the nondelegation doctrine seem willing to acknowledge. The alternatives to the intelligible principle standard proposed by Justices Gorsuch and Kavanaugh are piecemeal—case by case, statute by statute, delegation by delegation. Consequently, should the Court replace the intelligible principle standard, the most likely outcome is doctrinal change that is more incremental and symbolic than substantial.

More categorical and sweeping alternatives are available. Among them, this article particularly documents the common understanding in the first half of the twentieth century that regulations adopted under statutory delegations of general rulemaking authority (as opposed to specific authority grants) could not be legally binding without violating the nondelegation doctrine. But the Court has expressed little interest in a broad, categorical standard.

The decision whether to replace the intelligible principle standard should be evaluated in terms of incremental and symbolic doctrinal change, rather than as the dramatic alteration of the administrative state that some Court observers anticipate.

This article will be published as the Foreword to the George Washington Law Review's annual administrative law issue.


Background/aim Hyperbilirubinemia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity. It affects nearly 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during the first week of life. Early prediction of hyperbilirubinemia will help in early discharge and prevent hospitalization of babies and mothers for longer periods. The aim of this study was to verify whether the cord alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels can predict the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Participants and methods This prospective study was conducted at Alglaa Teaching Hospital from June 2016 to May 2018. A total of 200 healthy term and late preterm neonates meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study (gestational age >35 weeks of either sex, from any mode of delivery, and Apgar score ≥7 at first and fifth minutes of life). After birth, cord blood was collected for the estimation of cord blood ALP and serum total bilirubin. Results The incidence of clinical jaundice in our study was 50.54% (94 cases). Only 28.72% (27 cases) of them required treatment. There is a significant association between cord blood ALP levels and the development of hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrates that ALP level of the cord blood greater than 342 IU/l was the most appropriate cutoff value for predicting significant jaundice (that needs treatment). It was associated with 91.07% sensitivity and specificity 61.54%. The area under the curve was 0.791, indicating the high significance and the usefulness of this assay in predicting significant jaundice requiring medication. Conclusion This study concludes that cord blood ALP levels reliably predict the occurrence of pathological hyperbilirubinemia requiring therapy as defined by the current operational guidelines.


When mesmerism first came to this hemisphere by way of St. Domingue, a complex association between radical abolition and the new science was born. Harriet Beecher Stowe takes up that association in her second abolitionist novel Dred. In so doing she charts an emergent trauma theory developing among slaves that deliberately focused on perpetrators rather than victims of New World slavery. Such a reading widens our understanding of early trauma theory by making visible the tension between Stowe's sentimental strategy famously inscribed in Uncle Tom's Cabin and her adaptation of theories by thinkers like Frederick Douglass. If the first strategy depends on familiar but discrete bonds of sympathy between her reader and slaves like Uncle Tom, the second involves recognition of uncontained levels of fear compulsively linking emancipation with slave insurrection. The title Dred deliberately puns on that fear, working to undo what Brian Massumi has called its "preemptive logic."


We examined actual and potentiJ.l reproductive output with particular attention to the females' abilities to lay multiple clutches of eggs. Combining the results of 2 summer spawning sea sons, 28 of 47 females that laid eggs in captivity produced substantial clutches (i.e., 5 or more egg cap sules per clutch) at least twice. Multiply-ovipositing females exhibited a variety of patterns of oviposi tion, ranging from relatively small clutches at short intervals to large clutches several weeks apart. Actual reproductive output varied greatly between females. In both years, the number of egg capsules and ova laid showed a negative relationship with the combined mass of the ovary and oviduct at the time of death. Separate correlations between the number of ova laid and the combined number of oocytes and ova remaining in the reproductive tract at death revealed a similarly negative, although statistically weaker, relationship in both years. Most importantly, the number of ova laid in captivity (mean= 11800 in 1997 and mean= 15 293 in 1998) exceeded the combined number of ova and oocytes remaining at death (mean ca 4500 in both years) by roughly 3x, providing an indication of the extent to which only counting remaining oocytes and ova can underestimate fecundity. The ages of ovipositing females spanned 4 to ti mo. Interestingly, neither age nor mantle length consistently affected repro ductive output, i.e., short young females could be just as fecund as longer older females. A supplemen tary feeding experiment failed to demonstrate an effect of feeding regime on captive lifespan or repro ductive output. The females in one year ( 1998) were maintained in isolation without access to males; these females laid fertilized eggs, some over periods of 15 or more days, demonstrating the use of stored sperm. For females that had oviposited in both years, the oocytes remaining in the ovary always ranged greatly in size and structure. Thus, the 'spawning strategy' of Loligo pealeii appears to involve multi ple ovipositions over weeks or months, with oocytes possibly being developed continually. Placing the results of this study in a larger context, reproduction by females in this and other loliginids most likely entails copulation with multiple males and the laying of multiple clutches of eggs, possibly in different locations.


The introduction and significant momentum on diffusion of wind power as a new technology for energy production involve a push for changing the institutional framework in the energy sector. The introduction of hydro (electric) power technology and the following institutional change process may be compared to the introduction of wind power 90 years later. In this paper, the main focus is on the institutionalisation process of the production control and electricity distribution control associated with the diffusion of hydroelectric power in Norway during the period 1906 to 1920. The municipalities were able to institutionalise their ownership of the small-scale hydroelectric power system with the support of the national authorities in competition with foreign capital. When large scale hydro power technology was introduced, the municipalities were able to keep their control of the electricity system while in conflict with the national state, because of the institutional empowerment of the municipalities in the first phase.


Blue whales Balaenoptera musculus and fin whales B. physalus are common inhabitants of the Southern California Bight (SCB), but little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of their use of this area. To study their distribution in the SCB, high-frequency acoustic recording packages were intermittently deployed at 16 locations across the SCB from 2006 to 2012. Presence of blue whale B calls and fin whale 20 Hz calls was determined using 2 types of automatic detection methods, i.e. spectrogram correlation and acoustic energy detection, respectively. Blue whale B calls were generally detected between June and January, with a peak in September, with an overall total of over 3 million detections. Fin whale 20 Hz calls, measured via the fin whale call index, were present year-round, with the highest values between September and December, with a peak in November. Blue whale calls were more common at coastal sites and near the northern Channel Islands, while the fin whale call index was highest in the central and southern areas of the SCB, indicating a possible difference in habitat preferences of the 2 species in this area. Across years, a peak in blue whale call detections occurred in 2008, with minima in 2006 and 2007, but there was no long-term trend. There was an increase in the fin whale call index during this period. These trends are consistent with visual survey estimates for both species in Southern California, providing evidence that passive acoustics can be a powerful tool to monitor population trends for these endangered species.


This paper introduces architectural and interaction patterns for integrating crowdsourced human contributions directly into user interfaces. We focus on writing and editing, complex endeavors that span many levels of conceptual and pragmatic activity. Authoring tools offer help with pragmatics, but for higher-level help, writers commonly turn to other people. We thus present Soylent, a word processing interface that enables writers to call on Mechanical Turk workers to shorten, proofread, and otherwise edit parts of their documents on demand. To improve worker quality, we introduce the Find-Fix-Verify crowd programming pattern, which splits tasks into a series of generation and review stages. Evaluation studies demonstrate the feasibility of crowdsourced editing and investigate questions of reliability, cost, wait time, and work time for edits.


Client endpoint systems are a prime target for attackers of every sophistication level. These systems take part in many transactions demanding a degree of trust that cannot be placed in a general-purpose, commodity, computer system. We propose that these sensitive transactions can be made more secure by creating a new kind of trusted path, one that connects a server directly to a client's hardware peripherals. This capability has been designed to isolate a compromised endpoint from its peripherals during security sensitive applications. Such connectivity could be made unforgeable, strong against eavesdropping and tied to a user's credentials using endto-end cryptography. We present a prototype Secure Remote Peripheral Encryption Tunnel (SeRPEnT) for the Universal Serial Bus (USB). Our device is a small, low-power "cryptographic switchboard" that tunnels connected peripherals to a server with Virtual Machine(VM)-hosted applications. SeRPEnT can also pass-through devices to the client system, allowing normal use of the local system by the user. SeRPEnT enables secure transactions between the user and server applications by only allowing input to these VMs to originate from our portable embedded device. SeRPEnT thus drastically reduces the attack surface currently exposed to an adversary.


Abstract Purpose: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has provided transgender transition-related care to veterans since 2011. However, little is known about the experiences of transgender veteran patients accessing transgender transition-related healthcare at Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics since the establishment of this care. The purpose of this study was to explore transgender veterans' experiences accessing and utilizing transition-related healthcare through the VA healthcare system. Methods: Eleven transgender veterans were recruited using in-person recruitment at the 2013 Southern Comfort Conference (Atlanta, GA). In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with participants using a qualitative inquiry methodological perspective and experience-centered approach. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded by two independent researchers using ATLAS.ti.© Results: Five inter-related themes were identified as key factors impacting the accessibility and quality of care transgender veterans receive through the VA: (1) long delays in receiving care; (2) needing to travel to receive care; (3) lack of patient knowledge regarding the coverage of transition-related care; (4) insensitivity, harassment, and violence among providers; and (5) a general lack of knowledge about transgender patients and care among providers. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to explore the experiences of transgender veterans in accessing and utilizing transgender transition-related care at the VA after the 2011 VHA directive. Our findings suggest that although transgender healthcare coverage is available, additional patient-centered and healthcare system-level interventions are needed to improve the uptake and implementation of the VHA transgender protections and care coverage.


Today, many people with special needs are still excluded from open spaces. For example, visually impaired people (VIP) face many barriers when they try to access open spaces, such as parks, independently. A case study on VIP access to parks in Hong Kong was conducted to examine the question of equal access for people with special needs. The focus of the study was on the difficulties of VIP in accessing parks. The study was qualitative in nature and used field observations, direct interviews and participatory research workshops with VIP. This paper first reviews the importance of openness in open space. It then introduces the background and the methods of the study. Using the research findings, the paper argues that parks, as one kind of open space, must be open not only for some people, but for everyone, including those with special needs. The paper further identifies a number of key directions for the park design that will promote openness and social inclusion.


Natural History & Evolution as Common Themes in Biology A colleague teaching at a liberal arts college was recently dispirited by the following question from a senior biology major: "Is a spider a vertebrate or an invertebrate?" After examining our curriculum, we should be reluctant to lay blame on the student. This student learned the evolutionary processes that generated the spider, how to sequence its DNA, and measure its rate of respiration. Nowhere in the curriculum was she expected to learn what a spider is. Decades of emphatic promotion of experimental ecology, at the cost of natural history education, has robbed young biologists of exposure to organisms in their natural environment. E.O. Wilson (1985, 2000) has long argued that the unpopularity of natural history is leading to an educational and research crisis in our country. In the new "Century of Biology," educators are charged with preparing biologists who can conceptually unify information from apparently disparate fields (e.g., Kafatos & Eisner, 2004). As no individual can receive professional training in every single aspect of biology, curricula should be developed to provide students with the basic content knowledge and problem-solving abilities to address new challenges as they arise (Honts, 2003). However, it is not necessarily clear which sets of knowledge and skills are best for preparing the next generation of biologists. The Bio 2010 report proffers many recommendations (National Research Council, 2002); at the root is the need to inspire undergraduate interest in biological sciences and provide the means to think across disciplinary boundaries. Some authors have argued that the conceptual unification of biology may be best accomplished by a consistent emphasis on natural history in biology education (e.g., Greene, 2005). Natural history education can effectively bridge gaps among disparate fields and is bound to elevate student interest. Over the past two decades, organismal and field biologists have reported a decline in natural history in undergraduate education (Bartholomew, 1986; Trombulak, 1994; Noss, 1996; Krupa, 2000; Willson & Armesto, 2006). Some of the most effective appeals for emphasizing natural history in undergraduate coursework arrived as published plenary speeches by senior scholars receiving honors from scientific societies (Futuyma, 1998; Grant, 2000; Schmidly, 2005; but also see Arnold, 2003). The thesis of these pleas for natural history education is that we are training biologists strong in theory but weak in the ability to apply these theories to organisms and the natural world. Fundamental to the training of biologists is a functional understanding of the causes and consequences of evolution. To most students, natural selection is an abstract concept. If educators do their job, students conceptually understand that the biotic and abiotic environment limits reproductive success of organisms. However, most graduating biology majors have little idea of the agents of selection that may operate on any given organism. A reading of The Beak of the Finch (Weiner, 1994) can get students closer to this goal, but this is more effectively achieved by spending time with organisms. Get your students to watch an animal trying to find food, build a nest, attract a mate, or avoid a predator. Examine microhabitats where organisms occur and find out why, in a common species, some plants have more flowers (or, in winter, withering infructescences) than others. Turn over rocks and find bugs. These are teachable moments for evolution that you can't get in a lab, and this is why natural history education is central to training biologists who can unify ideas in this new century. While some contemporary scientists will disregard natural history as mere bookkeeping, a familiarity with organisms in their own environments is prerequisite for an integrative understanding of biology required for solving our most pressing research problems (Wilson, 1985, 2000). …


Partitions of sequential data exist either per se or as a result of sequence segmentation algorithms. It is often the case that the same timeline is partitioned in many different ways. For example, different segmentation algorithms produce different partitions of the same underlying data points. In such cases, we are interested in producing an aggregate partition, i.e., a segmentation that agrees as much as possible with the input segmentations. Each partition is defined as a set of continuous non-overlapping segments of the timeline. We show that this problem can be solved optimally in polynomial time using dynamic programming. We also propose faster greedy heuristics that work well in practice. We experiment with our algorithms and we demonstrate their utility in clustering the behavior of mobile-phone users and combining the results of different segmentation algorithms on genomic sequences.


A thrackle is a drawing of a graph in which each pair of edges meets precisely once. Conway's Thrackle Conjecture asserts that a thrackle drawing of a graph on the plane cannot have more edges than vertices. We prove the Conjecture for thrackle drawings all of whose vertices lie on the boundaries of $d \le 3$ connected domains in the complement of the drawing. We also give a detailed description of thrackle drawings corresponding to the cases when $d=2$ (annular thrackles) and $d=3$ (pants thrackles).


Mainstream economic thought and practice has resulted in widespread socioeconomic disparity and environmental devastation in all corners of the world, unmitigated by a multi-billion dollar development industry informed by these same economic models. To reverse this trend, the dominant forms of economic thought and practice must be reunited with ethics that are more caring of the human-nature base. Such ethics may be found in alternative economic models based on religious, spiritual, environmental, or feminist values. This essay considers one such alternative: Buddhist economics. After outlining a theory of Buddhist economics, this essay considers two models: the Royal Thai Sufficiency Economy Model and the approach adopted by the Santi Asoke Buddhist Reform Movement of Thailand. Both are conducive to economic activity that is more socially just and environmentally * Soka University of America. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 71 Journal of Buddhist Ethics sustainable, particularly due to their ethics of self-reliance, moderation, and interdependence.


Despite a large number of publications available, the control mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination are far to be fully understood. Seed dormancy and germination are very complex biological processes and because they involve multiple factors (physiological, mechanical, and environmental) and their nonlinear interactions. This explains why extremely little variations on some of those factors and in the way they interact caused enormous variation in the obtained results. Multifactorial process like these can be modeled using computer-based tools to predict better results. In this chapter, some basic concepts relative to seed dormancy and germination and the main factors (physiological, involved in seed dormancy, particularly dormancy-inducers and dormancy-breakers, and seed germination) are reviewed. In the next two, we describe the use of artificial intelligence computer-based models to better understand the physiological mechanisms of seed dormancy (how dormancy is controlled and how can be released) and seed germination. Finally, some applications of artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms to elucidate critical factors and predict optimal condition for seed dor-mancy-breaking and germination are given as examples of the utility of this powerful computer-based tools.


Trajectories are obtained for millimeter-scale artificial microswimmers inside circular channels filled with glycerol. Rotating magnetic field is applied to propel 3D-printed swimmers with helical tails and permanent magnetic heads. Experiments are recorded with a high-speed camera and processed with contrast-based image processing tools to extract 3D trajectories and orientations of the swimmers. Swimmers pushed by the tail exhibit a helical trajectory at all times while straight trajectories are observed when the length to diameter ratio is very high for pulled ones. Long tails are pointed towards the channel's centerline and short ones are pointed towards the wall. Weak Poiseuille flow is found to alter the swimming speed and suppress the step-out behavior. Flow from tail side increases the instability of swimmers. Experimental observations are validated with snapshot and dynamic models that use CFD to obtain average and time-dependent velocities and trajectories of the swimmer. Lastly, modulation of the rotating magnetic field tilts the swimmer in desired directions or halts the swimmer propulsion without stopping the rotation of the swimmer.


Updated and revised following the 2004 elections, "The Last Refuge" describes the current state of American politics against the backdrop of mounting ecological and social problems, the corrosive influence of money, the corruption of language, and the misuse of terrorism as a political issue. Setting out an agenda that transcends conventional ideological labels, David Orr contends that partisan wrangling is only a symptom of a deeper dysfunction: The whole political machinery that connects Americans' fundamentally honorable ideals with public policy is broken. The book offers a withering critique of the failings of the Bush administration, supplemented by new essays that look at the national-level dominance of the Republican Party and examine the fallacy that the evangelical right represents a Christian majority. After analyzing the challenges of reforming the current system, Orr offers an empowering vision of a second American Revolution that peaceably achieves sustainability and charts a hopeful course for forward-looking citizens.


We present the first optical (590–890 nm) imaging polarimetry observations of the pre-transitional protoplanetary disk around the young solar analog LkCa 15, addressing a number of open questions raised by previous studies. We detect the previously unseen far side of the disk gap, confirming the highly off-centered scattered-light gap shape that was postulated from near-infrared imaging, at odds with the symmetric gap inferred from millimeter interferometry. Furthermore, we resolve the inner disk for the first time and trace it out to 30 AU. This new source of scattered light may contribute to the near-infrared interferometric signal attributed to the protoplanet candidate LkCa 15 b, which lies embedded in the outer regions of the inner disk. Finally, we present a new model for the system architecture of LkCa 15 that ties these new findings together. These observations were taken during science verification of SPHERE ZIMPOL and demonstrate this facility's performance for faint guide stars under adverse observing conditions.