Antibody responses in human sera against Bordetella pertussis during natural infection were investigated by a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a purified fimbrial haemagglutinin preparation as antigen. Significant rises of specific IgG, IgM and IgA were demonstrated in paired sera. A secondary type of antibody response was found in most children and adults. In children, the type of response correlated with previous vaccination status; there was a primary response in unvaccinated children. A survey of antibodies in the general population showed low IgG titres in a small proportion of sera from the youngest healthy children. The titres and the number of individuals with measureable antibodies increased with age. In a limited study of the effect of vaccination, significant rises of titres were demonstrated after vaccination. The ELISA test was specific for antibodies against B. pertussis except that the test also seemed to measure antibody to B. parapertussis. A comparison between ELISA and the complement-fixation test showed a good correlation between the tests only in sera from children 1-12 years old.


Finding efficient dyes for NiO photocathodes either for inverse or tandem DSSCs is essential to developing these promising low-cost solar cells. This paper reports the design, synthesis and physical property characterization of four new triphenylamine–bithiophene push–pull dyes with acceptors of increasing electronic affinity, in order to shift their absorption to the red region of the visible spectrum. The dyes were tested in a p-type DSSC configuration with 850 nm NiO ink-jet printed photocathodes and their performances were compared with that of the reference dye P1. With an iodine electrolyte, one of the dyes, possessing a 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acceptor, shows superior performance to P1, with PCE reaching 0.124% and a JSC of 4.32 mA cm−2.


The concept of security has undergone significant change in the past few decades. Traditionally thought of in terms of the state-centric, militarily focused, realist discourse, the concept of security has been broadened to include a greater number of potential threats and an increased number of relevant actors. Yet, despite the great changes in security scholarship, the vast majority of studies on North Korea continue to focus primarily on the country's nuclear weapons program, its military, and other traditional security issues surrounding Pyongyang. While North Korea captures headlines with its aggressive behaviour and growing nuclear arsenal, the ground-level threats to average, everyday North Koreans go largely unnoticed. This groundbreaking volume seeks to refocus research on North Korean security from the traditional to largely unexplored non-traditional security (NTS) issues. In the wake of political succession to Kim Jung Un, the issue of non-traditional security is increasingly important. From the lasting effects of the famine of the 1990s to continued food shortages and the growing marketisation of North Korean society, the Pyongyang regime is facing diverse and unprecedented challenges. This book offers cutting-edge analyses of emerging North Korean NTS issues by the world's leading specialists in the field. It looks at these issues and their effects at the local, regional, and international level, as well as examining the international community's efforts to promote an NTS approach to North Korea. More specifically, the volume addresses the traditional and non-traditional security paradigms, energy security, gender security, transnational organised crime, the internal and external dimensions of North Korea's food security, the "Responsibility to Protect," refugee issues and international law, and the role of NGOs in promoting NTS in North Korea. As the global community begins to move toward a more people-centred approach to security and foreign policy, work such as that presented in this thought-provoking volume will be increasingly vital to scholars, policymakers, and interested citizens. Contributors: Tsuneo Akaha, Peter Hayes, Brendan Howe, W. Randall Ireson, David C. Kang, Shin-wha Lee, Mark Manyin, Kyung-Ae Park, Scott Snyder, Jae-Jung Suh, David von Hippel.


We formulate a conceptual model for white-box compression, which represents the logical columns in tabular data as an openly defined function over some actually stored physical columns. Each block of data should thus go accompanied by a header that describes this functional mapping. Because these compression functions are openly defined, database systems can exploit them using query optimization and during execution, enabling e.g. better filter predicate pushdown. In addition, we show that white-box compression is able to identify a broad variety of new opportunities for compression, leading to much better compression factors. These opportunities are identified using an automatic learning process that learns the functions from the data. We provide a recursive pattern-driven algorithm for such learning. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of white-box compression on a new benchmark we contribute hereby: the Public BI benchmark provides a rich set of real-world datasets. We believe our basic prototype for white-box compression opens the way for future research into transparent compressed data representations on the one hand and database system architectures that can efficiently exploit these on the other, and should be seen as another step into the direction of data management systems that are self-learning and optimize themselves for the data they are deployed on.


Founded in 1922 by Socialist who already exerted
considerable influence in the Chilean trade union movement,
the Chilean Communist Party was a communist party in name
only during its early years. It was not until the later
1920s that it began to acquire the organisational forms
and practices characteristic of all members of the Third
Communist International and not until the early 1930s that
it was led by men who gave unquestioning allegiance to
Moscow. Reduced to a shadow of its former self by prolonged
persecution in the late 1920s and early 1930s, the party's
fortunes did not begin to revive until after 1935, when the
Third International adopted policies which encouraged it to
become a regular participant in Chilean coalition politics.
Between 1935 and 1947, the party's fortunes fluctuated somewhat
in accordance with changing national and international
circumstances but coalition politics enabled it to play important
roles in the election of three successive Presidents
of the Republic, to extend its appeal to wider sectors of
society, to expand its electoral and trade union support and,
indirectly, to lay the basis for an increasingly effective
and professional party machine. In 1946, the party became
the first Latin American Communist Party to hold designated
portfolios in cabinet but its experience of high government
office was cut short by Cold War pressures - pressures which
eventually forced the party into a period of clandestinity
which lasted from 1947 until 1958.
This, then, is the broad chronological sweep of this
study. Within its context, particular attention is paid to
the party's relations with the International Communist Movement,
to its links with organised labour, to its organisational
development, to its electoral support and to its changing
relations with other Chilean parties.
0 ii


New Horizons unveils the Pluto system In July 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft flew through the Pluto system at high speed, humanity's first close look at this enigmatic system on the outskirts of our solar system. In a series of papers, the New Horizons team present their analysis of the encounter data downloaded so far: Moore et al. present the complex surface features and geology of Pluto and its large moon Charon, including evidence of tectonics, glacial flow, and possible cryovolcanoes. Grundy et al. analyzed the colors and chemical compositions of their surfaces, with ices of H2O, CH4, CO, N2, and NH3 and a reddish material which may be tholins. Gladstone et al. investigated the atmosphere of Pluto, which is colder and more compact than expected and hosts numerous extensive layers of haze. Weaver et al. examined the small moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, which are irregularly shaped, fast-rotating, and have bright surfaces. Bagenal et al. report how Pluto modifies its space environment, including interactions with the solar wind and a lack of dust in the system. Together, these findings massively increase our understanding of the bodies in the outer solar system. They will underpin the analysis of New Horizons data, which will continue for years to come. Science, this issue pp. 1284, 10.1126/science.aad9189, 10.1126/science.aad8866, 10.1126/science.aae0030, & 10.1126/science.aad9045 Pluto modifies its space environment, interacting with the solar wind plasma and energetic particles. INTRODUCTION The scientific objectives of NASA's New Horizons mission include quantifying the rate at which atmospheric gases are escaping Pluto and describing its interaction with the surrounding space environment. The two New Horizons instruments that measure charged particles are the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument and the Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) instrument. The Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (SDC) counts the micrometer-sized dust grains that hit the detectors mounted on the ram direction of the spacecraft. This paper describes preliminary results from these three instruments when New Horizons flew past Pluto in July 2015 at a distance of 32.9 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. RATIONALE Initial studies of the solar wind interaction with Pluto's atmosphere suggested that the extent of the interaction depends on whether the atmospheric escape flux is strong (producing a comet-like interaction, where the interaction region is dominated by ion pick-up and is many times larger than the object) or weak (producing a Mars-like interaction dominated by ionospheric currents with limited upstream pick-up and where the scale size is comparable to the object). Before the New Horizons flyby, the estimates of the atmospheric escape rate ranged from as low as 1.5 × 1025 molecules s–1 to as high as 2 × 1028 molecules s–1. Combining these wide-ranging predictions of atmospheric escape rates with Voyager and New Horizons observations of extensive variability of the solar wind at 33 AU produced estimates of the scale of the interaction region that spanned all the way from 7 to 1000 Pluto radii (RP). RESULTS At the time of the flyby, SWAP measured the solar wind conditions near Pluto to be nearly constant and stronger than usual. The abnormally high solar wind density and associated pressures for this distance are likely due to a relatively strong traveling interplanetary shock that passed over the spacecraft 5 days earlier. Heavy ions picked up sunward from Pluto should mass-load and slow the solar wind. However, there is no evidence of such solar wind slowing in the SWAP data taken as near as ~20 RP inbound, which suggests that very few atmospheric molecules are escaping upstream and becoming ionized. The reorientation of the spacecraft to enable imaging of the Pluto system meant that both the SWAP and PEPSSI instruments were turned away from the solar direction, thus complicating our analysis of the particle data. Nevertheless, when the spacecraft was ~10 RP from Pluto, SWAP data indicated that the solar wind had slowed by ~20%. We use these measurements to estimate a distance of ~6 RP for the 20% slowing location directly upstream of Pluto. At this time, PEPSSI detected an enhancement of ions with energies in the kilo–electron volt range. The SDC, which measures grains with radii >1.4 µm, detected one candidate impact in ±5 days around its closest approach, indicating a dust density estimate of n = 1.2 km–3, with a 90% confidence level range of 0.6 < n < 4.6 km–3. CONCLUSION New Horizons's particle instruments revealed an interaction region confined sunward of Pluto to within ~6 RP. The surprisingly small size is consistent with a reduced atmospheric escape rate of 6 × 1025 CH4 molecules s–1, as well as a particularly high solar wind flux due to a passing compression region. This region is similar in scale to the solar wind interaction with Mars's escaping atmosphere. Beyond Pluto, the disturbance persists to distances greater than 400 RP downstream. Interaction of the solar wind with Pluto's extended atmosphere. Protons and electrons streaming from the Sun at ~400 km s–1 are slowed and deflected around Pluto because of a combination of ionization of Pluto's atmosphere and electrical currents induced in Pluto's ionosphere. CREDIT: STEVE BARTLETT AND NASA'S SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION STUDIO The New Horizons spacecraft carried three instruments that measured the space environment near Pluto as it flew by on 14 July 2015. The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument revealed an interaction region confined sunward of Pluto to within about 6 Pluto radii. The region's surprisingly small size is consistent with a reduced atmospheric escape rate, as well as a particularly high solar wind flux. Observations from the Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) instrument suggest that ions are accelerated and/or deflected around Pluto. In the wake of the interaction region, PEPSSI observed suprathermal particle fluxes equal to about 1/10 of the flux in the interplanetary medium and increasing with distance downstream. The Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter, which measures grains with radii larger than 1.4 micrometers, detected one candidate impact in ±5 days around New Horizons' closest approach, indicating an upper limit of <4.6 kilometers–3 for the dust density in the Pluto system.


Magnetic susceptibility (MS) is employed among others magnetic parameters to investigate pollution along a high traffic density road. In this study, MS field survey and magnetic laboratory analyses were applied to five sites along the Via Salaria road in the northern districts of Rome. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses have also been employed to reveal the nature of Fe rich particles of anthropogenic origin. In general, the soil samples revealed to contain low coercivity minerals (e.g., magnetite) with different grain size, Fe-oxides occurring in various forms (spherules, aggregates, octahedral crystals and angular particles) are typically found close to the road side border at some of the analyzed sites. Magnetic minerals concentration in proximity of the road border resulted higher at sites with higher traffic volume and, in general, decreases with the distance from it. Evidences of anthropogenic material in topsoils were found within the first 5 m from the road border. The study confirms that the in situ measurements of the magnetic susceptibility are a valuable tool to rapidly investigate variations in the magnetic susceptibility profile related to anthropogenic contribution.


We consider the problem of determining optimal wire widths for a power or ground network, subject to limits on wire widths, voltage drops, total wire area, current density, and power dissipation. To account for the variation of the current demand, we model it as a random vector with known statistics, possibly including correlation between subsystem currents. Other researchers have shown that when the variation in the current is not taken into account, the optimal network topology is a tree. A tree topology is, however, almost never used in practice, because it is not robust with respect to variations in the lock currents. We show that when the current variation is taken into account, the optimal network is usually not a tree.
We formulate a heuristic method based on minimizing a linear combination of total average power and total wire area. We show that this results in designs that obey the reliability constraints, occupy small area, and most importantly are robust against variations in block currents. The problem can be formulated as a nonlinear convex optimization problem that can be globally solved very effciently.


Introduction Bacterial infections are well known to have an association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis often seen at exacerbation. Many microbiome studies have relied on molecular methods which can be prolonged and expensive. The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) offers an efficient and economical approach to the evaluation of the airway microbiome, necessary to increase knowledge of the role of the microbial community in COPD. Aims To identify the range and diversity of bacteria which form the airway microbiome in COPD To consider whether the MALDI-TOF is an appropriate method for this study. Methods 44 patients from the London COPD cohort produced 65 sputum samples at baseline and exacerbation mean (±SD) age 73.7 years (±9.4); predicted FEV1 50.7% (±18.12); male gender 77.5%; exacerbation samples 47.7%. Sputum samples are initially sent to the NHS Royal Free Trust microbiology lab where traditional culture methods are performed. Once processed the agar plates were collected and different colonies are spotted onto target plates and loaded onto the MALDI-TOF MALDI-TOF profile spectrum is then generated allowing for data interpretation. Isolates that were defined as pathogenic were removed from the data with those classified as typical bacteria were then included separately. Results: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia and Neisseria are the most dominant genera seen in baseline and exacerbation NRTF samples at the genus level contributing to 85, 28, 20 and 18 percent respectively. MALDI-TOF identified 25 NRTF groups at genus level in the COPD samples. In the typical pathogenic genus groups Haemophilus is the most dominant group identified by this method. Conclusion The MALDI-TOF identifies a diverse bacterial range in COPD patients including pathogenic organisms and those defined as NRTF The MALDI-TOF is quick and inexpensive, as well as efficient which is an advantage over molecular assays. Abstract S24 Figure 1


Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the γ-herpesvirus subfamily of Herpesviridae. EBV is a double stranded DNA virus infecting humans causing a variety of disease from asymptomatic infection to association with certain tumours including Burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV encodes an immediate-early protein called Zta (BZLF1, EB1, ZEBRA), which is an important transcription factor and replication factor direct in disrupting latency. EBV encodes viral proteins that assemble as a replisome at the viral lytic origin recognition site (Ori-Lyt). Zta binds Ori-Lyt and it is unclear how Zta interacts and recruits the complex to the site of DNA replication, while coordinating and recruiting host factors. After a mutation to three alanines (ZtaAAA) data implicates that the extreme C-terminus of Zta is essential for replication.

The question posed is how does Zta assemble the replisome? Identification of the lytic changes that contribute to lytic replication, including cellular components that may contribute to EBV replication is attempted.

Transfected control, Zta and ZtaAAA in HEK293-BZLF1-KO cells was compared. Size exclusion chromatography identified a higher molecular weight complex containing Zta during viral replication. SILAC (Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture) coupled to proteomics analysis identified the elution fraction composition. An interpretation of these cellular components in the context of lytic replication is explored. Identification of interactions of Zta with cellular proteins was attempted by SILAC histidine tagged Zta with pull down assay. Quantitative data was returned and a confirmation of interactions was attempted. A global proteomics approach was also performed. An enrichment method to isolate SILAC labeled Burkitts Lymphoma cells undergoing EBV lytic replication was coupled to mass spectrometry analysis to identify changes in host and viral proteins.

Overall, cellular targets that may interact with Zta are to be confirmed. The global proteomics study recognized for the first time by proteomic analysis the identification of three EBV lytic replication cycle protein


International audience

 Automated approaches to identifying authorship of a text have become commonplace in the stylometric studies. The current article applies an unsupervised stylometric approach on Middle English documents using the script Stylo in R, in an attempt to distinguish between texts from different dialectal areas. The approach is based on the distribution of character 3-grams generated from the texts of the corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD). The article adopts the middle ground in the study of Middle English spelling variation, between the concept of relational linguistic space and the real linguistic continuum of medieval England. Stylo can distinguish between Middle English dialects by using the less frequent character 3-grams.


We study the effect of band anisotropy with discrete rotational symmetry $C_N$ (where $N\ge 2$) in the quantum Hall regime of two-dimensional electron systems. We focus on the composite Fermi liquid (CFL) at half filling of the lowest Landau level. We find that the magnitude of anisotropy transferred to the composite fermions decreases very rapidly with $N$. We demonstrate this by performing density matrix normalization group calculations on the CFL, and comparing the anisotropy of the composite fermion Fermi contour with that of the (non-interacting) electron Fermi contour at zero magnetic field. We also show that the effective interaction between the electrons after projecting into a single Landau level is much less anisotropic than the band, a fact which does not depend on filling and thus has implications for other quantum Hall states as well. Our results confirm experimental observations on anisotropic bands with warped Fermi contours, where the only detectable effect on the composite Fermi contour is an elliptical distortion ($N = 2$).


All students at our high school are required to take at least one course in Computer Science prior to their junior year. They are also required to complete a year-long senior project associated with a specific in-house laboratory, one of which is the Computer Systems Lab. To prepare students for this experience the lab offers elective courses at the post-AP Computer Science level. Since the early 1990s one of these electives has focused on parallel computing. The course enrolls approximately 40 students each year for two semesters of instruction. The lead programming language is C and topics include a wide array of industry-standard and experimental tools. Since the 2007-2008 school year we have included a unit on parallel algorithmic thinking (PAT) using the Explicit Multi-Threading (XMT) system. We describe our experiences using this system after self-studying the approach from a publicly available tutorial. Overall, this article provides significant evidence regarding the unique teachability of the XMT PAT approach, and advocates using it broadly in Computer Science education.


An approach is developed to derive simple, field-oriented equations to predict movement of pollutant metals in soils. The procedure is illustrated by a comprehensive example utilizing experimental work on small columns with Cd, Ni, and Zn on nine soils and eight landfill-type leachates. The results provide a set of simple equations to predict movement of the three metals through soils with minimal calculations. The final form enables the scientist or field engineer to calculate velocities for which a given concentration of the metal is propagated through the soils profile. The simplified forms are based on the Lapidus-Amundson (L.A.) model, for which apparent diffusions and forward and backward reaction coefficients are best fitted to whatever experimental data are available. The L.A. model is then used to generate the propagation velocities for constant concentration, which are related back to the soil and leachate properties by multiple regression. The regression equation is what the field person uses and the choice of coefficients is based on available input data. The specific coefficients developed for this data-set may be used directly if no other experimental data are available for a given site. 26 references.


Innovation is at the heart of all advances and has the capacity to solve problems facing humanity. Societies which have turned away from innovation and technological development have failed in their ability to support their populations. Understanding the nature of innovation in the life sciences and in particular healthcare, how it operates, what enables and hinders it is therefore of great importance to meeting the challenges ahead. This book, originally and concurrently published in the International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2007, offers the latest research and insights concerning innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry.


In recent years, translation (broadly defined) has emerged as a central research strand. Explorations of the epistemic process and impact of knowledge translation across linguistic, geographical, and spatial boundaries are crucial in our understandings of knowledge making. Premodern medical and health-related knowledge provides a distinct and compelling case in histories of translation, knowledge transfer, and appropriation.

Understandings of the human body, and of diseases and their cure, are shaped and informed by a range of religious, cultural, environmental, and intellectual factors. Medical theories, practices, and materials, therefore, rarely cross over linguistic, cultural, or other boundaries unchanged. Communicating the concepts underpinning a medical theory in a new linguistic and cultural space means not only translating these ideas into a new language, but also explaining them so that they make sense within existing local systems of medical belief. Materials—including drugs, amulets, and surgical tools—can also change as they cross cultural boundaries: varied and changing beliefs about their meaning, proper use, and effectiveness cause them to be reimagined and reused in a range of new situations. As a result, complex systems of translation developed to enable the flow of knowledge about the human body across the global world. What kinds of knowledge easily crossed linguistic and geographical borders? What were the points of resistance and tension? How did epistemic, social, political, and economic structures impact upon "translation"? How did our historical actors "translate" embodied knowledge and hands-on practices? What roles did visual images and material objects play in the transfer and appropriation of health-related knowledge?

This project investigates and interrogates these questions by bringing together scholars with specialisms in the histories of scientific and medical exchange across the world c. 800–1800. We examine comparatively the variety of ways in which ideas about health, sickness, and the body travelled between cultures and explore new strategies to understand the connections and divergences between various strategies of medical translation and transmission. In 2017, we held two exploratory workshops around the themes "Knowledge and Practice" and "Materials, Images, Texts" in Berlin and London. These were co-hosted with Sandra Cavallo at Royal Holloway, University of London and Elma Brenner at the Wellcome Library. In 2018, a small group of scholars gathered in Berlin for an intensive week-long workshop. The project will conclude with a final authors' workshop in 2019.


Digital humanities research promotes the intersection between digital technologies and humanities, emphasizing free knowledge sharing and collaborative work. Based on digital humanities features, this paper describes the architecture of a computational platform for collaborative historical research designed and developed in an ongoing project called Pauliceia 2.0. This project aims to produce historical data of São Paulo city from 1870 to 1940 and to develop a computational platform that allows researchers to explore, integrate and share urban historical data sets. The Pauliceia 2.0 platform main goal is to use volunteered geographical information (VGI) and crowdsourcing concepts to produce past geographical data and to allow historians to share historical data sets resulting from their researches. In this work, we present the Pauliceia 2.0 platform architecture and its underlying VGI protocol.


In areas of intensive poultry production, large amounts of litter produced are often applied as fertilizer to local agricultural land. To assess the agronomic and water quality implications of poultry litter applications, we quantified the effects of recurring, simulated ranfall (5×50 min ranfalls of 2.54 cm h -1 ) alternated with different drying temperatures (4, 20, 30, and 35 o C for 1 b) on the release of dissolved N and dissolved P from two types of poultry litter (pine bark shavings-and wheat straw-based). Amounts of litter leached were equivalent to a 10 Mg ha -1 application, contaning an average of 360 kg N ha -1 and 158 kg P ha -1 . A total of 74 kg ha -1 NH 4 -N, which accounted for >95% of the dissolved N, and 14 kg ha ha -1 inorganic P were released by the end of five rainfalls (averaged for the two types of poultry liker, and for all drying temperatures). Although the pattern of N and P release from litter was similar for all drying periods, the magnitude of losses was a function of drying temperature. The average portion of total N present in the litters released as NH 4 -N during five rainfalls decreased from 22% for fitter dried at 4 o C to 18% for litter dried at 35 o C. This decrease was attributed to an increase in N volatilization at the higher temperature. Conversely, the portion of litter P released as dissolved inorganic P, increased from 8% at 4 o C to 10% at 35 o C. Thus, the influence of drying temperature on the release of N and P should be considered when determining the optimum timing of poultry litter application. It is suggested that the timing of poultry litter application should coincide with active periods of crop growth to combine maximum agronomic productivity with minimum edge-of-field losses of N and P to surface and grouwdwaters. As much as 60 of the N and 40% of the P released during the five rainfalls was lost during the first rainfall. This initial rapid N and P release stresses the importance of avoiding litter applications during periods of heavy rainfall


CD56+ T cells were studied in samples of peripheral blood from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with healthy controls. Relative numbers of CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in NSCLC (P = 0.001) and SCLC (P = 0.002) compared with normal subjects but their ability to respond to activation by up-regulating CD25 or producing IFN-γ were both significantly impaired. Expression of the killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor CD158a was significantly lower on CD56+CD3+ cells in SCLC than controls and also in early stage compared with late stage NSCLC patients. Mean levels of CD158e were higher in NSCLC patients than controls. CD158e levels on CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in the presence of its ligand HLA-Bw4 compared with controls. Although the precise role of CD56+CD3+ cells is not clear, they appear to be functionally impaired in lung cancer, which may have implications for a reduction of direct or indirect anti-tumour responses.


The behavior of nature at the smallest scale can be strange and counterintuitive. In addition to unique physical characteristics, quantum technology has many legal aspects. In this article, we first explain what quantum technology entails. Next, we discuss implementation and areas of application, including quantum computing, quantum sensing and the quantum internet. Through an interdisciplinary lens, we then focus on intellectual property ('IP'), standardization, ethical, legal & social aspects ('ELSA') as well as horizontal & industry-specific regulation of this transformative technology.

The Quantum Age raises many legal questions. For example, which existing legislation applies to quantum technology? What types of IP rights can be vested in the components of a scalable quantum computer? Are there sufficient market-set innovation incentives for the development and dissemination of quantum software and hardware structures? Or is there a need for open source ecosystems, enrichment of the public domain and even democratization of quantum technology? Should we create global quantum safety, security and interoperability standards and make them mandatory in each area of application? In what way can quantum technology enhance artificial intelligence ('AI') that is legal, ethical and technically robust?

The article argues that the pervasiveness of quantum technology asks for a holistic view on a regulatory framework, that balances the interests of stakeholders and that of society at large. It demands for an agile legislative system that can adapt quickly to changing circumstances and societal needs.

How can policy makers realize these objectives and regulate quantum computing, quantum sensing and the quantum internet in a socially responsible manner? Regulation that addresses risks in a proportional manner, whilst optimizing the benefits of this cutting edge technology? Without hindering sustainable innovation, including the apportionment of rights, responsibilities and duties of care? What are the effects of standardization and certification on innovation, intellectual property, competition and market-entrance of quantum-startups?

Moreover, which culturally sensitive ethical issues play a role in these regulations? Would it be a good first step to link the governance of quantum & AI hybrids to the Trustworthy AI principles? Do quantum's different physical properties call for additional core rules? Is it wise to embed our democratic values into the architecture of quantum systems, by way of Trustworthy Quantum Technology by Design? The article explores possible answers to these tantalizing questions.

Particles and energy at the subatomic level do not follow the same rules as the objects we can detect around us in our everyday lives. In addition to universal, overarching guiding principles of Trustworthy & Responsible Quantum Technology that are in line with the unique physical characteristics of quantum mechanics, the article advocates a vertical, differentiated industry-specific legislative approach regarding innovation incentives (based on the innovation policy pluralism toolkit), externalities and risks (based on the pyramid of criticality, which should include a definition of high-risk quantum technology applications).

The article demonstrates that strategically using a mixture of IP rights to maximize the value of the IP portfolio of the quantum computer's owner, potentially leads to IP protection in perpetuity. Overlapping IP protection regimes can result in unlimited duration of global exclusive exploitation rights for first movers, being a handful of universities and large corporations. The ensuing IP overprotection in the field of quantum computing leads to an unwanted concentration of market power. Overprotection of information causes market barriers and hinders both healthy competition and industry-specific innovation. In this particular case it slows down progress in an important application area of quantum technology, namely quantum computing.

In general, our current intellectual property framework is not written with quantum technology in mind. Intellectual property should be an exception -limited in time and scope- to the rule that information goods can be used for the common good without restraint. Intellectual property cannot incentivize creation, prevent market failure, fix winner-takes-all effects, eliminate free riding and prohibit predatory market behavior at the same time. To encourage fair competition and correct market skewness, antitrust law is the instrument of choice.

The article proposes a solution tailored to the exponential pace of innovation in The Quantum Age, by introducing shorter IP protection durations of 3 to 10 years for Quantum and AI infused creations and inventions. These shorter terms could be made applicable to both the software and the hardware side of things. Clarity about the recommended limited durations of exclusive rights -in combination with compulsory licenses or fixed prized statutory licenses- encourages legal certainty, knowledge dissemination and follow on innovation within the quantum domain. In this light, policy makers should build an innovation architecture that mixes freedom (e.g. access, public domain) and control (e.g. incentive & reward mechanisms).

Regulating transformative technology in The Quantum Age requires synergetic relationships between legislation, standardization, certification and government institutions. The article suggests that quantum products and services made within the EU or elsewhere in the world should adhere to EU safety and security benchmarks, including not limited to the high technical, legal and ethical standards that reflect Trustworthy quantum technology core values, before they qualify for a CE-marking and are eligible to enter the European markets.

The article concludes that anticipating spectacular advancements in quantum technology, the time is now ripe for governments, research institutions and the markets to prepare regulatory and intellectual property strategies that strike the right balance between safeguarding our fundamental rights & freedoms, our democratic norms & standards, and pursued policy goals that include rapid technology transfer, the free flow of information and the creation of a thriving global quantum ecosystem, whilst encouraging healthy competition and incentivizing sustainable innovation.


ESTUARINE HABITAT USE BY THE CALIFORNIA SEA OTTER (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS ) by Jacqueline Kimberly Lindsey As the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) range expands into northern and southern California, it will encounter estuaries that have been historically occupied by sea otters. Understanding how otters use re-colonized estuarine environments will inform how estuaries might be managed to encourage future sea otter range expansion. This project addressed the question: how do southern sea otters use space in the unique estuarine habitats of Elkhorn Slough? I compared the locations and behaviors of 25 individual sea otters of different status (male, female, and female with pup) among eelgrass, saltmud, saltmarsh, tidal creek, and main channel habitats in Elkhorn Slough. From these data I created a synoptic model to predict space use for resident otters of Elkhorn Slough based on sex, behavior, home range, and habitat distribution. Ninety percent home ranges calculated from the model indicated that females used larger home ranges than males in the slough, but both sexes had smaller home range areas than otters using the rocky outer-coast habitats of the Monterey Peninsula. In Elkhorn Slough, important habitats associated with resting included tidal creeks (for females only) and eelgrass, whereas the main channel was important for foraging behaviors of both sexes. Although using land habitats, sea otters were most likely to be found within 50 m of water. Protection of similar resting and foraging habitats in prey-rich estuaries colonized in the future will promote southern sea otters recovery by allowing them to re-colonize historically important estuarine habitats.


Person recognition using facial features, e.g., mug-shot images, has long been used in identity documents. However, due to the widespread use of web-cams and mobile devices embedded with a camera, it is now possible to realize facial video recognition, rather than resorting to just still images. In fact, facial video recognition offers many advantages over still image recognition; these include the potential of boosting the system accuracy and deterring spoof attacks. This paper presents an evaluation of person identity verification using facial video data, organized in conjunction with the International Conference on Biometrics (ICB 2009). It involves 18 systems submitted by seven academic institutes. These systems provide for a diverse set of assumptions, including feature representation and preprocessing variations, allowing us to assess the effect of adverse conditions, usage of quality information, query selection, and template construction for video-to-video face authentication.


Abstract Public policy debates, about HIV and prevention policy, have tended to occupy positions at the extremes of the two camps of rational choice, theorists and structuralists. This paper argues that the concept of hope may offer a way through this policy and paradigmatic log-jam. Hope is an individually measurable concept, which serves to link the ecological concept of risk environment with that of individual choice. It may be extended into broader understandings of the social epidemiology of infectious diseases. Use of an operationalised concept of hope also offers a possible way forward for rapid community diagnosis and participation in policy development, because it is immediately and intuitively accessible at three often separated levels: the individual actor, the researcher and those acting in the policy arena.


The health care sector is facing a multitude of problems at the same time: rising costs, increase in patients with lifelong diseases, and unsatisfying quality. There is a prominent role for conditions that require a combination of simple (care) and complex (cure) activities. These conditions require different provider expertise; one offering care expertise or more general, preventive monitoring, and the other offering cure expertise, or more specialized, medical monitoring/intervention. In organization design theory the focused factory concept is presented as a way of organizing such processes. However, the application of this concept does not always work well. For decennia, Dutch perinatal care is organized according to the focused factory concept, but recently there has been considerable debate with regard to its performance. Research has shown that the design of the Dutch perinatal care system might not be the right one (Pieters, Van Oirschot, & Akkermans, 2010). In response to its problems, the sector is seeking alternative organization designs. In this paper simulation modeling is used to evaluate these different organization design experiments. From these simulations, we seek to build organization design theory for this type of conditions (Davis, Eisenhardt, & Bingham, 2007; schwaninger & Grosser, 2008).


In the United States and elsewhere, the competitive pressures placed on young people in school are damaging many otherwise promising lives. In addition to generating debilitating anxiety and encouraging a culture of cheating, this competition takes the joy out of learning. The film Race to Nowhere, which continues to receive attention since its release a year ago, documents the unhealthy consequences of the competitive "teach to the test" climate that many U.S. students experience. The film, in which I was interviewed, puts in clear relief the pressures that youth are under to amass large numbers of Advanced Placement (college-equivalent) classes, win science fairs, excel in the arts and sports, and in other ways distinguish themselves from the competition for admission into a few select universities that parents and schools believe are critical for future success. Research on motivation makes it clear that focusing attention entirely on performance, whether grades or test scores, destroys whatever intrinsic interest the subject matter might have had.* There are certainly students whose passions spur them to realize their full potential in rigorous academic courses and other impressive activities. But how many potential Nobel Prize winners have written off science before the end of high school because their only exposure to the subject had been in test preparation courses rather than in classes that delved into meaningful questions? It doesn't have to be this way, but change will require coordinated efforts at many levels.


The aim of this paper is to describe the first experience of the Spending Review in Italy, which took place between April 2007 and May 2008 through the work of a specific Commission (Technical Commission on Public Finance), under the political guidance of the Minister of the Economy and Finance, Tommaso Padoa Schioppa. After recalling the meaning and the goals of the Spending Review, the paper illustrates the framework, the composition, the organization, the working methods and the main proposals of the Commission. The author concludes that, compared with following chapters of the story of the Spending Review in Italy, the first experience, rarely recalled in the political debate, is still offering valid indications as for the working methods and the policy proposals.


Evidence of Sedona magnetic anomaly and brainwave EEG synchronization can be demonstrated with portable equipment on site in the field, during sudden magnetic events. Previously, we have demonstrated magnetic anomaly charts recorded in both known and unrecognized Sedona vortex activity locations. We have also shown a correlation or amplification of vortex phenomena with Schumann Resonance. Adding the third measurable parameter of brain wave activity, we demonstrate resonance and amplification among them. We suggest tiny magnetic crystals, biogenic magnetite, make human beings highly sensitive to ELF field fluctuations. Biological Magnetite could act as a transducer of both low frequency magnetic fields and RF fields.


It has been proposed that the oceanic crust-mantle boundary may partly form through interactions between melts and the shallow mantle. Although this process may have a key role in defining the chemical signature of the oceanic crust, the effect of such melt-mantle interactions on the isotopic composition of the reacting melts has rarely been investigated. Here we report Re-Os isotopes and platinum group element (PGE) compositions of residual mantle harzburgites (olivine forsterite, Fo 91–90 ) and troctolites (olivine Fo 89–87 ) likely produced by melt-rock reactions at the Central Indian Ridge crust-mantle boundary. Although the harzburgites have high Os (4000–2500 pg/g) and unradiogenic isotopic signatures ( 187 Os/ 188 Os = 0.128–0.124), the troctolites show variable Os (383–16 pg/g) and highly fractionated 187 Os/ 188 Os ratios (0.129–0.140), which correlate with mineral (e.g., olivine Fo) and bulk-rock (e.g., CaO, Ni, and Cu) compositions. We relate this isotopic variability to the melt-mantle interaction process by which the troctolites generated. In particular, we suggest that the radiogenic Os signature was produced by selective assimilation of radiogenic interstitial sulfides from the reacted mantle. This mechanism is able to mimic the isotope variability of erupted melts, sustaining the idea that the crust-mantle boundary can act as a reactive filter for the melts extracted from the source region.


Current statistics indicate that 48 per cent of Canadians over the age of 16 struggle with low literacy skills (Canadian Council on Learning, 2008). The federal government has deemed the development of digital literacy proficiencies amongst Canadians a national priority as this country moves toward a digital economy (Government of Canada, 2012). This research project examined whether adult learners with literacy challenges would feel empowered as a result of creating content for a blog through the use of digital technology. The researcher attempted to understand the impact that blogging and using different types of technology could have on an individual's self-esteem and whether those feelings of empowerment would encourage an adult learner to pursue further education. Although this research project only ran for a period of six days at a literacy program, there was a noticeable difference in how the participants viewed themselves after they created digital content. Further findings from this project also indicated that there is a gap in research dealing with the impact of digital technology on adult literacy.


This paper develops a stochastic dynamic model to examine the impact of capital regulation on banks' financial decisions. In equilibrium, lending decisions, capital buffer and the probability of bank failure are endogenously determined. Compared to a flat-rate capital rule, a risk-sensitive capital standard causes the capital requirement to be much higher for small (and riskier) banks and much lower for large (and less risky) banks. Nevertheless, changes in actual capital holdings are less pronounced due to the offsetting effect of capital buffers. Moreover, the non-binding capital constraint in equilibrium implies that banks adopt an active portfolio strategy and hence the counter-cyclical movement of risk-based capital requirements does not necessarily lead to a reinforcement of the credit cycle. In fact, the results from the calibrated model show that the impact on cyclical lending behavior differs substantially across banks. Lastly, the analysis suggests that the adoption of a more risk-sensitive capital regime can be welfare-improving from a regulator's perspective, in that it causes less distortion in loan decisions and achieves a better balance between safety and efficiency.


Many vegetable oils are marketed as specialty oils
because of their retained flavors, tastes and distinct
characteristics. Specialty oil samples which were commercially produced and retailed were purchased from local superstores
in Reading, UK, and Uppsala, Sweden and profiled for detailed
lipid composition and oxidative status. These oil samples
include: almond, hazelnut, walnut, macadamia nut, argan,
avocado, grape seed, roasted sesame, rice bran, cold
pressed, organic and cold pressed, warm pressed and refined
rapeseed oils. The levels of PV were quite low (0.5-1.3mEq
O2
/kg) but AV and Rancimat values at 100°C (except for
rapeseed oils) varied considerably at (0.5-15.5) and (4.2-37.0
h) respectively. Macadamia nut oil was found to be the most
stable oil followed by argan oil, while walnut oil was the least
stable. Among the specialty oils, macadamia nut oil had the
lowest (4%) and walnut oil had the highest (71%) level of total
PUFA. The organic cold pressed rapeseed oil had considerably
lower PUFA (27%) compared with other rapeseed oils (28-
35%). In all the samples, α- and γ- tocopherols were the major
tocopherols; nut oils had generally lower levels. Total sterols
ranged from 889 to 15,106 µg/g oil. The major sterols were
β-sitosterol (61-85%) and campesterol (6-20%). Argan oil
contained schottenol (35%) and spinasterol (32%). Compared
with literature values, no marked differences were observed
among the differently processed, organically grown or cold
pressed rapeseed oils and other specialty oils in this study.


Researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, WA, have collaborated with three Western longwall coal mines in an ongoing effort to develop technologies that will aid in providing safe and stable working areas. The goal of the research described here is to develop a stress monitoring system that will provide immediate information to mine managers for making daily safety decisions as areas of poor ground are mined through. Initial work has focused on answering preliminary questions regarding the reliability and use of stress change patterns. Research is concentrated on monitoring horizontal stress because horizontal stress is transmitted over long distances through stiff strata, thus allowing an extended length of entry to be monitored. This paper presents an explanation of the concept, key results from field tests at two mine sites, and a proposed process for imple menting a monitoring system. System design layouts, instrument use, data collection and interpretation methods, and processes to present findings to mine staff are described. Additional validation and correlation with actual failure mechanisms are required before this approach can be recommended at ongoing operations. How ever, initial results indicate that this approach shows promise in mines prone to bumps and roof falls associated with large stress changes. In particular, analyses of measured changes in horizontal stresses appear useful.


We describe an automatic procedure for determining abundances from high resolution spectra. Such procedures are becoming increasingly important as large amounts of data are delivered from 8 m telescopes and their high-multiplexing fiber facilities, such as FLAMES on ESO-VLT. The present procedure is specifically targeted for the analysis of spectra of giants in the Sgr dSph; however, the procedure may be, in principle, tailored to analyse stars of any type. Emphasis is placed on the algorithms and on the stability of the method; the external accuracy rests, ultimately, on the reliability of the theoretical models (model-atmospheres, synthetic spectra) used to interpret the data. Comparison of the results of the procedure with the results of a traditional analysis for 12 Sgr giants shows that abundances accurate at the level of 0.2 dex, comparable with that of traditional analysis of the same spectra, may be derived in a fast and efficient way. Such automatic procedures are not meant to replace the traditional abundance analysis, but as an aid to extract rapidly a good deal of the information contained in the spectra.


International trade occurs in physical space and moving goods requires time. This paper examines the importance of time as a trade barrier, estimates the magnitude of time costs, and relates these to patterns of trade and the international organization of production. Estimates indicate that each additional day spent in transport reduces the probability that the US will source from that country by 1 – 1.5 percent. Conditional on exporting country, estimates directly identify a willingness-to-pay for time savings using variation across exporters and commodities in the relative price / speed tradeoff for air and ocean shipping. Each day saved in shipping time is worth 0.8 percent ad-valorem for manufactured goods. Relative declines over time in air shipping prices make time-savings less expensive, providing a compelling explanation for aggregate trade growth, compositional effects in trade growth, as well as growth in time-intensive forms of integration such as vertical specialization. Specifically, the advent of fast transport (air shipping and faster ocean vessels) is equivalent to reducing tariffs on manufactured goods from 32% to 9% between 1950-1998.


This paper uses the United Nations Global Policy Model (GPM) to assess how increasing minimum wages might impact the South African economy by increasing the share of income going to workers (the 'labour share') – in contrast to the share that accrues to capital through profits and property income. We simulate the implementation of a national minimum wage through increasing labour compensation in a manner which sees real-wage growth 'catching up' to and then outstripping labour-productivity growth in the period 2015–2025; we refer to this as increasing 'relative' real wages. The results indicate that higher 'relative' real wage growth rebalances national income: the labour share increases since relative wages rise (by definition) and employment is roughly maintained (endogenous response). A rising labour share has in turn a positive effect overall on the South African economy in the model: consumption expenditure rises as national income shifts towards wage earners as a whole, who have a higher propensity to consume than profit earners. However, there are moderate or small negative effects as investment as a share of GDP falls marginally, as the profit rate falls (though the absolute level of investment is higher as GDP rises), employment declines marginally, and there is slight weakening of the current account.


Knowing that this world is now moving toward a global village-we are in information era where practically nothing can be done without the power of computers in most industries. A solid knowledge about fundamentals of computing has become indispensable in everyday life. This book has been prepared for you to uncover several confusing concepts that pose a big challenge to computer learners and users. I am coming from both educational and professional background with great experience to better alienate the hinges that serve as obstacles to high-tech solutions to everyone. It is the togetherness of a great practical experience, educational and teaching skills, technical know-how, and continuous customer value-added service and research that has always been the source of creation of this book and three other computer science books. The feedbacks so far received from few professors in information technology in Dallas, Texas, area strongly suggests the use of these books as a great fundamental and companion material for computer science students. In Ghana, the Education Service and Curriculum Research and Development Department (CRDD) has approved the Concise ICT Fundamentals textbook as the recommended supplementary material for the teaching and learning of ICT in senior high schools, technical schools, and colleges of education and for general usage. The organization of the core material in this book both provides support training unconditionally to everyone who wants to be computer literate and also extends its learning curve to high quality ICT systems engineering to individuals or companies already operational in the high-tech industry. This book provides a solid foundation for information technology. This book is essentially prepared for senior high school and first year college students. You don't want to miss this good news.


Mol.-dynamics simulations of structural relaxation in electronically excited NO-doped solid neon are presented. The NO impurity is excited to its lowest A (3ss) Rydberg state, inducing a rearrangement of the surrounding medium in the form of a bubble, due to repulsion between the Rydberg electron and the closed-shell surrounding species. The simulations were carried out using the thermal harmonic quantum correction in order to account for quantum effects. The first shell response is characterized by an initial expansion and an oscillatory response, which point to coherent dynamics and confirm the exptl. obsd. slower dynamics than in solid argon. The medium response is characterized by a collective oscillatory behavior of the shells around the impurity. We investigated the role of quantum effects, nature of the NO-Ne ground- and excited-state potentials and of the Ne-Ne potential on the dynamics. It appears that the expansion stage is mainly detd. by the fact that the repulsive interaction between the excited impurity and the Ne lattice reaches out beyond the first shell, so that the first three shells are simultaneously pushed outward. Combined with the short-range character of the Ne-Ne interaction, this sets in motion a larger mass than in solid argon. The collective response is mainly due to the short-range Ne-Ne interaction and the tight nature of the Ne lattice. Quantum effects play a negligible role in the overall dynamics, at least to the level of approxn. of our simulations. [on SciFinder (R)]


Communication, much of it subtle and non-verbal, is important for programmers engaged in pair programming tasks. Little is known about the nature of this communication, for example how it changes over the course of a programming project or how it might differ according to programming skill and experience with paired programming. This paper presents an initial investigation of 60 videos of expert-expert pair programming, analysed in detail using grounded theory. The aim was to make general observations about the various ways communication occurs within the programming pair and to identify any patterns in behaviour or style of communication in the context of pair programming. As a result, a general coding scheme has been created. Preliminary data analysis shows that it may be possible to detect certain communication patterns by using transcription code occurrence and duration. This could be used to further explore communication topics and trends within pair programming.


Applied Evolutionary Economics and Economic Geography aims to further advance empirical methodologies in evolutionary economics, with a special emphasis on geography and firm location. It does so by bringing together a select group of leading scholars including economists, geographers and sociologists, all of whom share an interest in explaining the uneven distribution of economic activities in space and the historical processes that have produced these patterns.


The objectives of the study are to isolate, and identifl the phenolic compounds present in
the palm oil mill effluent (POME) and evaluate their antioxidative activity. Combinations
of column and partition chromatography were used in the isolation of the phenolic
compounds. Antioxidative activities of the POME hctions were evaluated for fke
radical scavenging activity, lipid thiocyanate, &carotene-linoleate and reducing assays.
Identification of the phenolic compounds in POME filtrate was carried out using high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by confirmation of the
compounds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCIMS) and liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry (LCIMS). The study revealed the presence of
cinnamic acid derivatives, which were measured at 320 nm. These included chlorogenic,
p-cournaric, caffeic, ferulic acids and rutin hydrate. Benzoic acid derivatives, which were
identified as protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids were also
present when measured at 260 nrn. Hydrolysis of the sample did not affect the chromatographic pattern obtained indicating the stability of the phenolic compounds in
the POME filtrate. Flavan-3-01 groups (catechins) were identified from ytterbium
precipitation method. Four fractions have been isolated from POME filtrate based on
flash chromatography coupled with uv/vis detection. The antioxidative activity of each
h t i o n was then evaluated. All the POME fractions demonstrated excellent antioxidative
activity in all the assays used. This is especially true for both Fractions 3 and 4. Fraction
1 exhibited highest antioxidative activity based on reducing assay followed by Fraction 3
indicating the excellent metal chelating ability of the phenolics in these hctions. The
POME fractions were found to contain different levels of total phenolics, which did not
necessarily correspond to the strength of antioxidative activity, measured for each
hction. Fraction 3 showed strong free radical scavenger and phenolic content was also
high. Fraction 2 showed low antioxidant activity, while total phenolic content was low.
However, Fraction 4 showed high antioxidant activity with low total phenolic content.
This indicates the presence of different phenolic compounds in the different hctions.
Results showed that Fraction 1 contained an unknown polar compound and
protocatechuic acid with strong metal chelating activity, Fraction 2 was rich in phydroxybenzoic
acid, Fraction 3 contained three unknown cinnamic acid derivatives and
Fraction 4 contained known cinnamic acid derivatives compounds including p-coumaric
acid, rutin hydrate and ferulic acid with lower polarity. The cinnamics in Fraction 3
consistently exhibited higher antioxidative properties compared with benzoics in Fraction
2. Combination study of the fractions revealed that mixture of Fraction 3 and ascorbic
acid had better hx radical scavenging activity. However, the synergistic effect was
observed only at low concentration of 2.5 and 5 mgll of Fraction 3 and ascorbic acid. The individual compounds of Fraction 3 (cimamic acid derivatives) including Compounds
14, 15 and 16 exhibited the highest ike radical scavenging activity. Highest antioxidative
activity was also measured when Compounds 15 and 16 were combined (double
combined) while for triple combinations, the highest activity was seen with Compounds
13, 14, and 15 at 15 mgA of total phenolic contents. The results showed that there was a
synergistic effect between the compounds in particular those in Fraction 3. GCMS and
LC/MS were employed to confirm identifj of unknown compounds in Fraction 3. Three
compounds in Fraction 3 were observed to exhibit similar absorbance spectra using
HPLC with diode array detection. LC/MS revealed presence of dimer with maximum
molecular weight of 335 dz. GCMS revealed the presence of compounds with a general
cinnamic acid structure and derivatives with silylate group. Antioxidative activity of the
compounds was in the following order, Compound 14 > Compound 16 > Compound 15.
Compounds 14, 15 and 16 were tentatively identified as 2,4dihydroxycimamic acid, 2,sdihydroxycinnarnic
acid and 2,3dihydroxycinnamic acid.


Human populations and their history have been studied at the Institute of History since 1952 when the young researcher Karin Mark started her career here. Later, Karin Mark became a leading researcher in palaeoanthro pology and somatology of Finno-Ugric peoples, and her working group grew. At the end of the 1980s, Leiu Heapost took over the position as group leader in anthropological research. In 1988 Raili Allmäe and in 2004 Jana Limbo-Simovart joined the group. Since 1998, Estonian research has been project-based; in the present paper we give a brief overview of our anthropological research at the Institute of History (and its descendants) in the last twenty years.


This thesis presents an account of work on the distribution of supernova remnants in galaxies. It consists of 3 parts, the identification of runaway stars in galaxies and then the modelling of the expected distribution of these stars around a galaxy and their expected dispersion over time.

The first part of the thesis is a thorough survey of supernovae in the Asiago database and identification of those that are located away from the plane of the galaxy. He investigated their height and radial distribution relative to the galaxy and confirmed previous work with a larger sample size.

The rest of the work involved computer modelling of the distribution of star remnants and runaway objects in galaxies and the time evolution of their distribution. It concluded that the radial distribution of remnants would be similar to thar of the stars in the galaxy but their height distribution would be larger indicating sufficient velocity to escape from the disk. Despite their larger velocity relative to surrounding stars, the time evolution of the HMXB spatial distribution shows a similar pattern to that of the stars in the galaxy.


Theories of organization and management have offered several concepts and models indicating that organizational values are an important factor in running organizations. A still unexplained question concerns the creation of balanced organizational values which can support the achievement of diversified and even seemingly incompatible goals of today's organizations. To explore balanced organizational values in contemporary business practice, we tested two most frequently used value models, i.e., the Competing Values Framework and Schwartz's values model, on the sample of the Fortune 100 companies. This dissertation proposes a new model of balanced organizational values named Mission-based model of organizational values which proved itself to be more appropriate for researching balanced values in contemporary business practice than the two most frequently used value models (the Competing Values Framework and Schwartz's values model), thus supporting the first hypothesis of this dissertation. Given the particularities of balanced organizational values research, an instrument for measuring organizational values was developed to suit the specific needs of this research. In order to test the research hypotheses, a research in 24 Croatian companies was conducted. In each of these companies, between 27 and 50 employees were surveyed giving a total sample size of 874 respondents. The results of statistical analysis performed to test the second hypothesis, as well as the related sub-hypotheses, indicate that the degree of imbalance of organizational values has no significant effect on the higher level of organizational commitment. The same applies to the two separate components of organizational commitment—affective and normative. However, the existence of medium-sized negative correlation between the degree of imbalance of organizational values and continuance component of organizational commitment was determined. The testing results of the third hypothesis, as well as the related sub-hypotheses, indicate that organizations with balanced organizational values are, in general, more effective than organizations with imbalanced values. Moreover, this correlation was found not only for the overall level of organizational effectiveness, but also for the most perspectives of organizational effectiveness based on the Balanced Scorecard approach. To conclude, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the role of organizational values in business, especially emphasizing the importance and role of balanced organizational values. Mission-based model of organizational values, developed within this dissertation, follows the findings of the most used models, integrating and upgrading them with new cognitions based on selected scientific knowledge and experience from business practice. And most importantly, this dissertation presents an empirical confirmation of the importance of balancing organizational values as one of the preconditions for successful business.


In this article, I will focus on two influential writers from the south of Brazil, Cristiane Sobral who currently lives in Brasília, from Rio de Janeiro, and Conceição Evaristo who currently lives in Rio de Janeiro state, from Minas Gerais. I got to know them in São Paulo in 2015 at a public event: the "Afroétnica Flink! Sampa Festival of Black Thought, Literature and Culture." I will include references to some of their younger contemporaries such as Raquel Almeida, Jenyffer Nascimento, and Elizandra Souza, all of whom reside in São Paulo, in order to illustrate the Black Brazilian women writers' resistance in the face of silencing of their spiritual, political and literary movement. Witnessing the obstacles that the two authors faced at a public event that honored their foremother Carolina Maria de Jesus, a Black Brazilian Female writer, and seeing how Sobral and Evaristo overcame those challenges, helps to grasp the context in which their younger contemporaries Raquel Almeida, Jenyffer Nascimento, and Elizandra Souza, are coming of age as adult women writers. This article offers an auto-ethnographic rendering of the "Flink!Sampa" Festival, where the two prominent writers Cristiane Sobral and Conceição Evaristo were visibly marginalized, as well as a close reading of poetry by Raquel Almeida. A close reading of poetry by Raquel Almeida dedicates space to the stark reality of violence against Black women as it pervades the Brazilian life, and is an integral part of Black women's poetry, calling out the violence that shapes the multi-layered oppression and silencing of Black women. Throughout the article I will point out the poetic, political, and spiritual prowess that inspires, guides, and gracefully dictates how to overcome institutional oppressions in Brazil and other parts of the world where women of African descent have to struggle to live, to make money, and to write.


No case in the Supreme Court's last term was more controversial than Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (Citizens United). In a sharply divided 5:4 decision, the Court invalidated strict federal campaign finance laws and upheld the First Amendment right of corporations to spend unlimited sums of corporate money to support or oppose candidates in political elections. Although mainstream criticism of Citizens United was fierce and widely publicized, a lesser known response to the case is a grassroots popular movement calling for an amendment to the Constitution establishing that money is not speech and that human beings, not corporations, are the only "persons" entitled to constitutional rights. The movement has ignited a national campaign to reverse the legal doctrine of corporate personhood, a doctrine that has allowed corporations for the last century to claim the same legal rights that natural persons possess. Anti-corporate activist groups revile the dominance of corporate power in modern society and believe now is the time to "overthrow corporate rule." By orchestrating a nationwide initiative to amend the Constitution, these groups hope to follow in the steps of other social justice movements, like the suffragists and the civil rights activists, who successfully organized to demand legal reform. This Article seeks to bring attention to this burgeoning popular movement and the challenges it faces. The grassroots mobilization of these activist organizations in response to Citizens United raises important questions about the relevance of citizen interpretations of constitutional meaning and the role of law in shaping beliefs. This Article uses the doctrine of corporate personhood and the constitutional amendment campaign as points of departure for a broader analysis of the relationships between social movements, constitutional legal reform, and the expressive function of the law.


Ferroelectric BaTiO3 films have been epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on buffered Si substrates. We show that the BaTiO3 films' texture is selectable by the appropriate choice of Si wafer orientation and buffer layers. BaTiO3 films having (00l), (l0l) or (l0l)/(l00) texture present a very flat surface, low current leakage, and sizeable ferroelectric polarization. The films, integrated with silicon, offer opportunities to exploit the anisotropic optical and dielectric properties of ferroelectric BaTiO3.


In the present work, a comparative study of the shape memory and thermo mechanical behavior of four alloys containing different amount of samarium have been carried out at a strain rate of 0.08x10-6s-1. After hot rolling, annealing and solution treatment, the alloy samples were tensile deformed at room temperature from 1% to 5% and were then recovered at 600 �C for 20 minutes repeatedly for six times to complete six training cycles. It has been found that the addition of samarium strengthens the austenitic matrix, increases the c/a ratio and reduces the grain size. It has been noticed that the addition of samarium (0.64 wt. %) improves the shape memory effect when the alloys were strained from 1% to 5%. This improvement in shape memory effect presumably can be regarded as the increase in strength, increase in c/a ratio and absence of ά (martensite). It has been further noticed that when samarium contents are gradually reduced from 0.64 % to 0.21% the shape memory effect decreases. The decrease in shape memory effect by the decrease in samarium contents can be attributed to decrease in strength, decrease in c/a ratio and formation of ά (martensite). It has been further noticed that the shape memory effect decreases with the increase in amount of strain. It is found that thermo mechanical treatment (training) results in improvement of shape memory effect and has a significant influence on mechanical parameters like proof stress (σ 0.002), critical stress (σ0.0008) and strain hardening exponent. The improvement in shape memory effect by thermo mechanical treatment can be regarded as the effect of reduction in the values of proof stress and critical stress during training which facilitates the formation of e (martensite). It has also been noticed that excessive training may result in the formation of ά (martensite) due to continuous softening of the alloy during training, thus degrading the shape memory effect. Finally, it has also been noticed that the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical stress and strain hardening exponent. Although the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical tress and strain hardening exponent yet it has not an adverse effect on shape memory effect.


Schizophrenia is a chronic disease that requires long-term medical treatment and causes physical, psychological, and social problems related to the disease and the potential side effects of its treatment. One of the nursing therapies that support the family is supportive therapy. Supportive therapy is a therapy that is given to exchange experiences regarding the problems experienced to improve family coping. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of therapy supportive on the ability of families to care for family members who are people with mental disorders at Purbaratu Health Center, Tasikmalaya City. The type of research is analytic research with approach quasi-experimental to the type of experimentaltest and post-test one-group design, with a sample of 22 families were divided into 2 groups. The implementation of supportive therapy for each group was conducted 2 times at the Purbaratu Health Center. The ability of the family referred to in this therapy is the ability to recognize mental disorders and their treatment, the ability to empower other family members in care, and the ability to involve the external family in treating people with mental disorders. Based on results the Wilcoxon test obtained a significance value of 0.0001 (r<0.05). So the conclusion is that there is a significant difference in the score of family ability in caring for family members of people with mental disorders between before and after supportive therapy.


Calculation of the forest land parcel surface area is vital to the confirmation, segmentation and assignment of forest ownership. Therefore, the method calculating irregular forest land parcel surface area, which is based on the principle of space triangle area calculation, establishes automatic extraction of irregular forest parcel boundary and structures Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model by interpolating feature points based on Thin Plate Spline (TPS) function. This paper expounds the feasibility of this method and complete calculation process. By experimental comparison, this method can reduce about four-fifths of field data collection effort in the case of no accuracy loss in calculating results. Simultaneously, this method extracts boundary automatically without manual drawing boundary lined, improves degree of automation in computing within the industry greatly.  2015 Trade Science Inc. INDIA


This study examines the relationship between school climate and career corrmitment among recruits to the merchant marine. In a crossnational sample of academies in England, Spain and the United States, corrmitment to a maritime career is found to be associated with the school climate in which training takes place. Specifically, recruits being trained in a climate of high structural rigidity are more likely than recruits being trained in less rigid environments to have made a career decision and to have made that decision in favor of a short career at sea. Furthermore, the above relationship is shown to be contextual in nature. Regardless of their personal perceptions of the climate of their school, recruits in structurally rigid academies express less commitment to a maritime career. This finding is interpreted as a result of the normative order in a structurally rigid environment discouraging the formation of an occupational identity and encouraging an instrumental orientation to a maritime career.


In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), many applications require group-oriented computing among a large number of nodes in an adversarial environment. To deploy these large-scale cooperative applications, secure multicast service must be provided to efficiently and safely exchange data among nodes. The existing literature has extensively studied security protection for a single multicast group, in which all nodes are assumed to have the same security level. However, such an assumption may not be valid in practice because, for many applications, different users can play different roles and thus naturally be classified into multiple security levels. In this paper, we propose a pyramidal security model to safeguard the multisecurity-level information sharing in one cooperation domain. As a prominent feature, a pyramidal security model contains a set of hierarchical security groups and multicast groups. To find an efficient key management solution that covers all the involved multicast groups, we develop the following three schemes for the proposed security model: (1) separated star key graph; (2) separated tree key graph, and (3) integrated tree key graph. Performance comparison demonstrates that the scheme of integrated tree key graph has advantages over its counterparts.


Familial hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in humans that is associated with coronary artery disease and is caused by a deficiency of the receptor that mediates the internalization of low density lipoprotein (LDL). We have used an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia, the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, to design a therapeutic approach for this disease, which attempts to correct the hepatic defect in LDL receptor expression. Hepatocytes were harvested from WHHL rabbits, plated in primary cultures, and exposed to recombinant retroviruses capable of efficiently transferring a functional human LDL receptor gene. Genetically modified cells were harvested and infused into the portal vein of WHHL recipients, who were analyzed for metabolic consequences of human LDL receptor expression. Each animal exhibited a statistically significant decrease in total serum cholesterol 2-6 days after transplantation, with an eventual return to pretreatment levels. Proviral DNA sequences and virus-directed transcripts were detected in liver tissue 24 hr after transplantation. In situ hybridization demonstrated provirus expression in a small population of hepatocytes distributed in periportal sections of the liver. This study illustrates the potential of somatic gene therapy in ameliorating hyperlipidemia associated with familial hypercholesterolemia.


Abstract. Over the past decades, fires have burned annually in Indonesia, yet the strength of the fire season is for a large part modulated by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The two most recent very strong El Nino years were 2015 and 1997. Both years involved high incidences of fire in Indonesia. At present, there is no consistent satellite data stream spanning the full 19-year record, thereby complicating a comparison between these two fire seasons. We have investigated how various fire and precipitation datasets can be merged to better compare the fire dynamics in 1997 and 2015 as well as in intermediary years. We combined nighttime active fire detections from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) World Fire Atlas (WFA) available from 1997 until 2012 and the nighttime subset of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor from 2001 until now. For the overlapping period, MODIS detected about 4 times more fires than ATSR, but this ratio varied spatially. Although the reasons behind this spatial variability remain unclear, the coefficient of determination for the overlapping period was high (R2 = 0. 97, based on monthly data) and allowed for a consistent time series. We then constructed a rainfall time series based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, 1997–2015) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Project (TRMM, 1998–2015). Relations between antecedent rainfall and fire activity were not uniform in Indonesia. In southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, we found that 120 days of rainfall accumulation had the highest coefficient of determination with annual fire intensity. In northern Sumatra, this period was only 30 days. Thresholds of 200 and 305 mm average rainfall accumulation before each active fire were identified to generate a high-incidence fire year in southern Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, respectively. The number of active fires detected in 1997 was 2.2 times higher than in 2015. Assuming the ratio between nighttime and total active fires did not change, the 1997 season was thus about twice as severe as the one in 2015. Although large, the difference is smaller than found in fire emission estimates from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Besides different rainfall amounts and patterns, the two-fold difference between 1997 and 2015 may be attributed to a weaker El Nino and neutral Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions in the later year. The fraction of fires burning in peatlands was higher in 2015 compared to 1997 (61 and 45 %, respectively). Finally, we found that the non-linearity between rainfall and fire in Indonesia stems from longer periods without rain in extremely dry years.


Present prefigurations of a dystopian future are visible at every turn. Amidst the ongoing development of authoritarian capitalism, the rising cultural and institutional power of what many have termed neo-fascism, transnational organisations warning of imminent environmental devastation, decreasing standards of living paralleling growing wealth inequality and the prevalence of social and psychological crises of depression and disaffection, a commitment to action based on a desire for a radically altered and more just world seems futile and even dangerously irresponsible. We are compelled to be pragmatic and alleviate the catastrophes to come. However such a reading of the possibilities of the present relies on a particular understanding – and experience – of 'our time' as homogenous, historically myopic and more or less permanently stuck under the thumb of the hegemonic terms that govern it. Such hegemony, though, is both necessarily contingent and contested. Against this chronopathology or time-sickness, turning our gaze towards acts and events that manifest a utopian desire allows us to see the cracks in the present demonstrating the unsettled, dis-jointed and dis-adjusted nature of 'our time'. This article explores two events of resistance that manifest(ed) such desire and call on us to acknowledge, explore and embrace the cracks. The Gezi Park protests that erupted out of Istanbul in 2013 demonstrated possibilities that almost always fall under the sign of utopian impossibility. The Aboriginal Tent Embassy likewise has been dismissed as an impossible entity in itself: reclaiming space from the colonial occupiers, developing programs to support and strengthen the presently vulnerable whilst demanding and enacting a desire for a different future; and struggling in solidarity with others around the globe. Such acts haunt any proclaimed closure of the present and demand a critical inheritance of their manifestations of utopian desire if we want to see the light through the cracks. This article attempts to at least provide a glimpse the spectral heritage of such utopian acts. Keywords: Utopia; Utopian Desire; Resistance; Time; Temporality; Gezi Park; Protest; Aboriginal Tent Embassy


Ensuring correctness and enforcing security are growing concerns given the complexity of modern connected devices and safety-critical systems. A promising approach is non-intrusive runtime monitoring through reconstruction of program execution traces from power consumption measurements. This can be used for verification, validation, debugging, and security purposes. In this paper, we propose a framework for increasing the effectiveness of power-based program tracing techniques. These systems determine the most likely block of source code that produced an observed power trace (CPU power consumption as a function of time). Our framework maximizes distinguishability between power traces for different code blocks. To this end, we provide a special compiler optimization stage that reorders intermediate representation (IR) and determines the reorderings that lead to power traces with highest distances between each other, thus reducing the probability of misclassification. Our work includes an experimental evaluation, using LLVM for an ARM architecture. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our technique.


The portable field data acquisition system consists of four components: datalogger, Wheatstone bridges, multiplexers, and portable computer. The data acquisition system fulfills the role of a portable, self-powered measurement device necessary for structural field monitoring and will also serve as a measurement platform for future field tests conducted by the University of Pittsburgh.To better illustrate the capabilities of the field data acquisition system, an application is illustrated using the Boyer Bridge research project in Butler County.The Boyer Bridge over the Slippery Rock Creek in PennDOT Engineering District 10-0 has recently received a new fiber-reinforced polymer deck as part of an overall bridge replacement project. In order to quantify the composite action of the deck, effective width factor and live load distribution factors, the Boyer Bridge is instrumented with thirty strain gages and monitored with the portable field data acquisition system.Field-testing of the Boyer Bridge over the Slippery Rock Creek in PennDOT Engineering District 10-0 consists of static loads applied by a test vehicle to the deck and measuring strain responses. To date, two field tests have been performed on the Boyer Bridge. An examination of each stringer's strain profile from the CR23x datalogger reveals a very close agreement to expected behavior. From multiple tests performed at the same load position, it is evident that the CR23x's strain measurements exhibit excellent repeatability, while verification tests performed in the laboratory show good linearity.


Gelsolin is a widely distributed actin binding protein involved in controlling cell morphology, motility, signaling and apoptosis. The role of gelsolin in tumor progression, however, remains poorly understood. Here we show that expression of green fluorescent pro tein (GFP)‐tagged gelsolin in MDCK‐AZ, MDCKtsSrc or HEK293T cells promotes invasion into collagen type I. In organ culture assays, MDCK cells expressing gelsolin–GFP invaded pre‐cultured chick heart fragments. Gelsolin expression inhibited E‐cadherin‐mediated cell aggregation but did not disrupt the E‐cadherin–catenin complex. Co‐expression of dominant‐negative Rac1N17, but not RhoAN19 or Cdc42N17, counteracted gelsolin‐induced invasion, suggesting a requirement for Rac1 activity. Increased ARF6, PLD or PIP5K 1α activity canceled out gelsolin‐induced invasion. Furthermore, we found that invasion induced by gelsolin is dependent on Ras activity, acting through the PI3K–Rac pathway via the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos‐1. These findings establish a connection between gelsolin and the Ras oncogenic signaling pathway.


We develop a family of reformulations of an arbitrary consistent linear system into a stochastic problem. The reformulations are governed by two user-defined parameters: a positive definite matrix defining a norm, and an arbitrary discrete or continuous distribution over random matrices. Our reformulation has several equivalent interpretations, allowing for researchers from various communities to leverage their domain specific insights. In particular, our reformulation can be equivalently seen as a stochastic optimization problem, stochastic linear system, stochastic fixed point problem and a probabilistic intersection problem. We prove sufficient, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the reformulation to be exact. Further, we propose and analyze three stochastic algorithms for solving the reformulated problem---basic, parallel and accelerated methods---with global linear convergence rates. The rates can be interpreted as condition numbers of a matrix which depends on the system matrix and on the reformulation parameters. This gives rise to a new phenomenon which we call stochastic preconditioning, and which refers to the problem of finding parameters (matrix and distribution) leading to a sufficiently small condition number. Our basic method can be equivalently interpreted as stochastic gradient descent, stochastic Newton method, stochastic proximal point method, stochastic fixed point method, and stochastic projection method, with fixed stepsize (relaxation parameter), applied to the reformulations.


Explaining the intersection of these two worlds--service-orientation and .NET technologies--is exactly what this book does. Its team of specialist authors provides a concrete, usable guide to this combination, ranging from the fundamentals of service-orientation to the more rarified air of .NET services in the cloud and beyond. If youre creating service-oriented software on the Microsoft platform--that is, if youre a serious .NET developer--mastering these ideas is a must. --From the Foreword by David Chappell, Chappell & Associates Microsofts diverse product line has long supported the service-oriented enterprise, but putting it all together into a cohesive whole can be daunting. From more established products, like Windows Communication Foundation, Windows Workflow Foundation, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server, and BizTalk Server, to newer offerings like Windows Azure and AppFabric, the experts assembled here expose the sweet spots for each technology, talk through the high-level trade-offs, and offer a roadmap to a unified Microsoft SOA story. --Kevin P. Davis, Ph.D., Software Architect This book excels in giving hands-on and in-depth expertise on the SOA architecture style with the .NET framework and the Azure cloud platform. Its a practical guide for developers, architects, and SOA implementers. A must read! --Ricardo P. Schluter, ICT Architect, Parnassia Bavo Group While the industry overall may have hyped the cloud to the level it often seems to cure world hunger, SOA with .NET and Windows Azure helps cut through the questions and hype and more clearly discusses the benefits and practical techniques for putting it to work in the real world. This book helps you understand the benefits associated with SOA and cloud computing, and also the techniques for connecting your current IT assets with new composite applications and data running in the cloud. This book will help you understand modern middleware technologies and harness the benefits of the cloud both on and off premises. --Burley Kawasaki, Director of Product Management, Microsoft The authors have a combined SOA and .NET experience of several decadeswhich becomes obvious when reading this book. They dont just lead you down one path with a single descriptive solution. Instead, the sometimes nasty trade-offs that architects face in their design decisions are addressed. These are then mapped to the Microsoft .NET platform with clear code examples. A very refreshing look at this major contender in the SOA space and a definite must for the .NET SOA practitioner! --Dr. Thomas Rischbeck, IT Architect, Innovation Process Technology In order to evolve as a software craftsman one must read excellent books that will help you grow and evolve in your profession. One of those books that every software craftsmen interested in good design and best practices should read is SOA with .NET and Windows Azure. With this book, you will learn which design patterns will provide the best solution for the kinds of software design problems you, as a developer or designer, face every day. This book has everything that software architects, software designers, and programmers need to know when building great quality software with Microsoft technologies. This will undoubtedly be one of those books that you reference repeatedly when starting new SOA projects. There is plenty of information that even those not working with typical service-oriented architecture will find very useful. With plenty of real-life examples (code, design, and modeling), readers see in a practical manner how they could use SOA patterns to solve everyday software problems and be more productive. SOA with .NET and Windows Azure will fit in my top three books and will definitely be one of those that I will use in my everyday work. --Arman Kurtagic, Consultant at Omegapoint AB The Authoritative Guide to Building Service-Oriented Solutions with Microsoft .NET Technologies and the Windows Azure Cloud Computing Platform In SOA with .NET and Windows Azure, top Microsoft technology experts team up with Thomas Erl to explore service-oriented computing with Microsofts latest .NET service technologies and Windows Azure innovations. The authors provide comprehensive documentation of on-premise and cloud-based modern service technology advancements within the Microsoft platform and further show how these technologies have increased the potential for applying and realizing service-orientation practices and goals. Specifically, the book delves into Microsoft enterprise technologies, such as: Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) Windows Azure Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) Windows Azure AppFabric BizTalk Server Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) ...as well as industry service mediums, including WS-* and REST, and many related service industry standards and technologies. The book steps through common SOA design patterns and service-orientation principles, along with numerous code-level examples that further detail various technology architectures and implementations. Topic Areas This book covers the following primary topics: Microsoft Service Technologies Microsoft Enterprise Technologies On-Premise & Cloud-Based Service Topics Industry Service Technologies & Mediums Service-Oriented Technology Architectural Models Service-Orientation Design Paradigm Service-Orientation Design Principles SOA Design Patterns About the Web Sites This book series is further supported by a series of resources sites, including: www.soabooks.com www.soaspecs.com www.soamag.com www.serviceorientation.com www.soapatterns.org www.soaprinciples.com www.whatissoa.com