Parallel computers constructed using conventional processors offer the potential to acheve large improvements in execution speed at reasonable cost, however, these machlnes tend to efficiently implement only coarse-grain MIMD parallelism. To achieve the best possible speedup through parallel execution, a computer must be capable of effectively using all the different types of parallelism that exist in each program. A combination of SIMD, VLW. and MIMD parallelism, at a variety of granularity levels, exists in most applications; thus, hardware that can support multiple types of parallelism can achieve better performance with a wider range of codes. In the companion paper [CoD94], we present a new hardware barrier architecture that provides the full DBM functionality we discussed in [OKD90], but can be implemented with much simpler hardware. In this paper, we show how this mechanism can be used to efficiently support multi-mode moderate-width parallelism with instruction-level granularity (i.e., synchronization cost is approximately one LOAD instruction).


Through a cross-national comparative study of local government "best practice cases" of socially responsible procurement in Denmark, Germany and the UK, this article critically examines the role of labour clauses in addressing issues of low wages and precarious work in public supply chains. It provides new insights on the negotiations and outcomes of labour clauses across different stages of the policy process, including implementation and monitoring. The analysis demonstrates the importance of pragmatic alliances of progressive local politicians, unions, and employers in ensuring that socially responsible procurement moves beyond rhetoric, along with supportive national and sectoral employment regimes. Labour clauses can compensate for weak systems of labour market regulation by setting higher standards for outsourced workers, while they play a complementary role in more regulated labour markets by levelling up wages and working conditions to prevailing collectively agreed standards.


Abstract The cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response to human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) is vigorous and sustained, but despite this, the virus persists. Natural variation arising within CTL epitopes may affect CTL recognition of infected targets and allow viral escape. Some of these variant epitopes appear to engage T-cell receptors but fail to activate the CTL normally. This can interfere with recognition of the unmutated epitope — a phenomenon known as T-cell antagonism. We discuss the evidence for this in HIV-1 using CTL and epitope variants derived from infected donors, and discuss its possible relevance in vivo .


Current reinforcement learning (RL) methods use simulation models as simple black-box oracles. In this paper, with the goal of improving the performance exhibited by RL algorithms, we explore a systematic way of leveraging the additional information provided by an emerging class of differentiable simulators. Building on concepts established by Deterministic Policy Gradients (DPG) methods, the neural network policies learned with our approach represent deterministic actions. In a departure from standard methodologies, however, learning these policies does not hinge on approximations of the value function that must be learned concurrently in an actor-critic fashion. Instead, we exploit differentiable simulators to directly compute the analytic gradient of a policy's value function with respect to the actions it outputs. This, in turn, allows us to effciently perform locally optimal policy improvement iterations. Compared against other state-of-the-art RL methods, we show that with minimal hyperparameter tuning our approach consistently leads to better asymptotic behavior across a set of payload manipulation tasks that demand a high degree of accuracy and precision.


A new methodology for detection and identification of unknown objects in free space or on ground, or under the ground is presented in this dissertation. The Singularity Expansion Method (SEM) is introduced because it is possible to find the natural resonant frequencies of a scatterer from the scattered fields and use the resonant frequencies for identification. Many techniques to extract singularities of the EM response of an object are studied and then the Cauchy and the Matrix Pencil (MP) methods are chosen to carry out the processing. In the first part of the dissertation, a methodology for the computation of the natural poles of an object in the frequency domain is presented. The main advantage of this methodology is that there is no need to differentiate between the early time and the late time response of the object as required in the SEM and the Cauchy method can be applied directly to the frequency domain data to extract the SEM poles. Thus, one can generate a library of poles of various objects using the Cauchy method. In the second part of the dissertation, the methodology for detecting and identifying an unknown object in the time domain is also presented. For the simulation model, one transmitter and two receivers (dipole antennas) are utilized to obtain the object response. The received currents of the unknown object are computed by using the deconvolving procedure. The MP method is applied for extracting natural poles of the late time response of the unknown object and the Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) technique is utilized to obtain the location of the objects. Therefore, by generating the pole library using the frequency domain data and simultaneous use of the actual poles computed using the time domain data, the correlation between the two pole sets obtained using totally different methodologies can provide a robust identification procedure. IDENTIFICATION OF A TARGET USING ITS NATURAL POLES USING BOTH FREQUENCY AND TIME DOMAIN RESPONSE


Conjugated organic polymers generally must include large substituents for stability, either contained within or appended to the polymer chain. In polydiacetylenes, the substituents fulfill another important role: During topochemical polymerization, they control the spacing between the diyne monomers to produce an ordered polymer. By using a co-crystal scaffolding, we have prepared poly(diiododiacetylene), or PIDA, a nearly unadorned carbon chain substituted with only single-atom iodine side groups. The monomer, diiodobutadiyne, forms co-crystals with bis(nitrile) oxalamides, aligned by hydrogen bonds between oxalamide groups and weak Lewis acid-base interactions between nitriles and iodoalkynes. In co-crystals with one oxalamide host, the diyne undergoes spontaneous topochemical polymerization to form PIDA. The structure of the dark blue crystals, which look copper-colored under reflected light, has been confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.


Deregulation and its Discontents examines the different ways in which the issues related to deregulation and reregulation have been addressed in Asia. The role of government in business has gone through distinct, if overlapping, cycles: regulation, deregulation and reregulation. However, little is known about deregulation and even less about reregulation, particularly in relation to Asia. The contributors to this book examine the links between the cycles through detvailed analyses of the electricity market, pensions and stock markets in the Asia Pacific. They also offer an explanation of regulatory cycles.


Successful projects are the basis for a successful company, but many professionals lack the basic skills required to accomplish this.The IChemE Project Management Subject Group has recognized the need to provide resources to deliver these skills, and has developed a series of books to share the latest best practice - engineering essentials. This second title, though primarily written from the perspective of engineering projects within the process industries, is generic enough to support project managers in many other disciplines.It provides for those starting out in project management, is ideal for students as a university textbook, and is also an indispensable reference for established project managers. * Get up and running on your project quickly and effectively * Focuses one step at a time on the needs of engineering, industrial and process projects for career project managers and those involved with projects intermittently


The adsorption of the tri-ethylene glycol mono-n-decyl ether (C10E3) nonionic surfactant, characterized by its self-assembled lamellar phase above the critical micelle concentration (cmc), in a wide range of concentration, onto a layered clay mineral (montmorillonite) has been studied. C10E3 exhibits a high affinity for the montmorillonite (Mt) surface with an adsorption isotherm that differs strictly from previous studies on the adsorption of nonionic surfactants onto clay minerals for which a maximum of adsorption was reached below cmc. The self-organization in a lamellar phase changes the interaction potential between C10E3 and Mt, a surface that favors the aggregation of normal bilayers which expands the interlayer space at wide values (>40 A) while keeping the exchangeable Na+ cations conferring dual hydrophilic–hydrophobic behavior for the hybrid layered materials. Depending on the C10E3 phase state (in monomers or in a lamellar phase), the adsorption leads to four distinct surfactant arrangements (lateral layers to normal tilted bilayers) within the interlayer space of Mt. The hybrid layered materials show a thermal stability at 350 °C with a collapse of their interlayer space at 13 A due to the degradation of the hydrocarbon chains of C10E3. FTIR during thermogravimetry analysis permits the identification of the portions of C10E3 corresponding to ethylene oxide groups in close interaction with the Mt surface.


This Article studies the Federal Circuit's use of excessive reasonable royalty awards as a patent infringement deterrent. I argue against this practice, explaining that properly viewed in context of the patent system as a whole, distorting the reasonable royalty measure of damages is an unnecessary and ineffective means of ensuring an optimal level of reward for inventors and deterrence for infringers. First, I introduce cases in which the Federal Circuit and other courts following its lead have awarded punitive reasonable royalty awards and explain the Federal Circuit's professed rationale for doing so. Next, I demonstrate that this practice makes little sense, given the number of other powerful deterrents already present in the patent system. I also explain that any additional deterrence-related benefits attributable to excess damages are not realized when courts impose those damages against innocent infringers-a group that likely makes up the lion share of patent infringers. I further explain that there is good reason to believe that the patent system already over-deters infringement without the added burden of inflated royalties, because accused infringers participating in a competitive market face strong incentives not to challenge patents asserted against them. Finally, I propose several patent reforms for efficiently deterring deliberate copyists, while sparing innocent infringers from that threat.


Rhizoctonia sp. causes leaf blight on Toona sureni. This pathogen has characteristics such as right-angles hyphal branching pattern, the presence of septa, the absence of clamp connection, produced no conidia nor spores, and formed sclerotia. The disease symptom is necrotic type with brownish lesions which develop fast on the leaf. Being covered by the lesions, the leaf will be completely brown, macerated and then become wilt, dry and fall. The dispersal of the disease is mediated by the touching of the infectious leaves with the healthy ones. The experiment showed that Rhizoctonia inoculation on leaf, with or without wound, caused the seedling diseased. Key words: Toona sureni, blight, Rhizoctonia sp., characteristics, symptom


In 2004 Synovus Financial Corp. produced an efficiency ratio of 52%--a good number, by itself, when anything below 60% is considered doing well--but something that Synovus promised to better. In its annual report, management pledged to improve processes and cut redundancies not only in its central functions but also throughout its system of affiliate banks. "We think the efficiency ratio is a good measure of how well you invest in infrastructure to provide revenue over time," says Thomas J. Prescott, executive vice-president and CFO at the Columbus, Ga., regional. "Over time" is something Prescott considers a key point. He doesn't think the efficiency ratio means much as a snapshot; he looks at performance in five- and ten-year blocks. Nor does Prescott intend to be a slave to a single ratio. Such measures are best viewed as one among many gadgets in the bank manager's toolbox. "To do well," says Prescott, "you have to use all of them." A heyday in the 1990s Though it predates the period, use of the ratio rose during the 1990s, when cost-chopping was the order of the day, "because it was something that everybody could hang their hat on," recalls James Koltveit, director at RSM McGladrey, However, if the efficiency ratio didn't already exist, it would have to be invented for our market-driven economy, says Keith Leggett, senior economist at ABA. In many industries, a good efficiency measure is operating expenses to average assets. However, Leggett explains that banking, where most of the assets are not physical, needs a better measure than that. Hence there is the traditional formula: noninterest expense/(net interest income + noninterest income). "In my opinion, it's a little bit misnamed," says David Furnace, managing director, at Alex Sheshunoff Management, Austin, Texas. "If I knew no better, I would expect it was a metric of how efficient I am at getting things done. But it's not a 'widgets per dollar of expense' rating. It's more a measure of how much I spend to how much I make." In some situations, a focus on efficiency ratios can mask good opportunities. Take Central Financial Corp., a multibank holding company based in Hutchinson, Kan., which makes a big part of its business investing to varying degrees in fledgling banks. Young banks typically have horrible efficiency ratios, says Robert Wholey, vice-chairman. He says the management team looks most closely at a potential partner's people. Strengths of the ratio "This is a very informative ratio," says John Walker, director of BNK Analytics, a division of BNK Advisory Group, Inc., Bethlehem, Pa. Walker says there are six essential facts an analyst must know about a banking company. The more important three are its net interest income, net overhead, and capital efficiency, expressed in the leverage ratio. Of secondary importance, he says, are the provision for losses, the balance between earning and non-earning assets, and the bank's tax management position. With the exception of the final point, all of these factors are reflected somewhere in the efficiency ratio, says Walker. The "elite" banking group that Walker's firm tracks (the group's median asset size is $500 million) maintains an average efficiency ratio of 57%, while their peer group efficiency ratio is 75%. Clearly, then, Walker argues, a good efficiency ratio is an indicator that a bank is doing something right in the most important areas of bank performance. Walker notes that, beside not capturing the bank's tax strategies, the efficiency ratio doesn't reflect anything indicating the institution's risk profile. Hence it isn't, by any means, a standalone indicator. Yet "it's a good ratio to hold out there to challenge our employees," says R. Scott Smith, president and COO at Fulton Financial Corp., Lancaster, Pa. "It helps them to understand that there are both revenue and expense components to it. …


Following a high wind event on January 24, 2006, at least five people claimed to have seen or felt the superstructure of the Saylorville Reservoir Bridge in central Iowa moving both vertically and laterally. Since that time, the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) contracted with the Bridge Engineering Center at Iowa State University to design and install a monitoring system capable of providing notification of the occurrence of subsequent high wind events. In subsequent years, a similar system was installed on the Red Rock Reservoir Bridge to provide the same wind monitoring capabilities and notifications to the Iowa DOT. The objectives of the system development and implementation are to notify personnel when the wind speed reaches a predetermined threshold such that the bridge can be closed for the safety of the public, correlate structural response with wind-induced response, and gather historical wind data at these structures for future assessments. This report describes the two monitoring systems, their components, upgrades, functionality, and limitations, and results from one year of wind data collection at both bridges.


This paper briefly reviews the scholarly literature about jail and prison museums. Then it presents the rationale and methods for developing a database on these worldwide museums (n=95). Data on 13 variables were collected. The study reviews the results of the data collected on 10 of the variables that were coded, and discusses the implications of the data. The results indicate that the majority of prison museums are located in advanced industrialized countries, with the United States having the largest number. Most of the prison museums in the United States are in California, Colorado, and Texas. Although one of the museums covered by the database was opened as a correctional facility in 1860, the majority of museums worldwide operated as jails and prisons over the past 150 years and were converted into prison museums after the 1960s. The fact that the United States has the greatest number of prisons reinforces both the reality and the perception of this country as one of the most punitive countries in the world.


Studies on echinoderms along the Panamanian Pacific coast have focused mainly on evolutionary and molecular analyses, however little ecological research has been done and mainly only on 2 species: Diadema mexicanum and Acanthaster planci. Herein, we describe for the first time the diversity (based on Margalef, Shannon and Pielou indices), distribution and density of echinoderms for some islands of the Gulf of Chiriqui, implementing a standard regional methodology used for the Eastern Tropical Pacific Conservation Seascape. Fifty- three reef sites were surveyed, of which 17 echinoderm species were found: 6 asteroids, 6 echinoids and 5 holothuroids. The average species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou's evenness indices were 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.187 ± 0.020, and 0.421 ± 0.035 respectively. On average there were 3 species and 176 individuals per site. Three echinoid species were the most abundant: D. mexicanum, Eucidaris thoaursii and Echinometra vanbrunti, with 7909, 771 and 569 individuals respectively. Despite the high abundance observed, their impact on the reefs as well as other corallivores species (e.g., A. planci) is low, and for the moment they are not considered a threat to the reefs. Reef zones with greater richness and diversity of echinoderm species are associated with sites showing higher coral diversity and moderate to high live coral cover. We suggest a continuous assessment of the populations possibly damaging these ecosystems, as well those species that may be under illegal extraction.


Background: The Internet and the use of Social Media has enhanced worldwide communications, entertainment, socialisation, education, and news. With mainstream use of the Internet is now evident, we are observing opportunities to use Social Media within the health domain. A specific area of interest is the consideration of how these technologies can be best used by elderly caregivers to facilitate social networking to encourage social connectedness and prevent social isolation. This is prevalent among elderly carers with 52% not having the support they require. Nevertheless, barriers remain in an elderly person's usage of Social Media. Reasons can be attributed to disinterest, inability to comprehend its purpose and fear in relation to security and privacy. To address these barriers, our current work hypotheses that specialist training to raise awareness of the opportunities offered by Social Media could aid in the adoption of Social Media amongst elderly carers.

Objective: To investigate methods of increasing the adoption of Social Media among elderly carers of persons with chronic diseases.

Methods: An introduction to Social Media training course was conducted during January 2013 at Inniscoole Day Centre in Rathcoole, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Participants were caregivers of persons with chronic diseases. Ten in total (n=10) were recruited, ages ranging from 45-85, (Mean=60, s.d.=0.70). One participant was excluded due to a form of visual impairment. Participants were asked to watch a presentation relating to Online Social Networks, Blogging and Online Photo Repositories, which included videos of each Social Media technology presented. Each service was subsequently demonstrated and verbal discussion with all participants was encouraged.

Results: At the beginning of the course all participants specified they were novices regarding computer literacy, however, six participants specified that they had some understanding of Social Media. Four participants felt that Social Media was difficult for them to use and indicated that they would not use it to support real world connections. Following training, eight out of nine participants said they now had a better understanding of Social Media. Over half stated that it met their expectations in usefulness and they were more confident in using the technologies. They indicated that they were more likely to use it to communicate with friends and family in the future. Interestingly, seven out of nine indicated that they would be willing to attend more training in Social Media technologies with one person stating that they would sign up for Facebook, privately.

Conclusions: Older people are not using Social Media technology. Our hypothesis was to provide training in order to increase the likelihood that people will engage with these services. The research community has divided elderly into the young old 65-74, the old-old, 75-85 and the oldest old 85 and older. Considering the participants in the current study and considering the various categories over half of the participants were between 41-60 with the average age of participants being 60. The findings for the study shows that adoption of Social Media in the elderly is significantly lower in comparison to usage with other assistive technologies. []


Summary Deep-water fish in the tropical and sub-tropical Pacific Ocean have supported important fisheries for many generations. Observations of localised depletions in some fisheries have raised concerns about the sustainability of current fishing rates. However, quantitative assessments of deep-water stocks in the Pacific region have been limited by the lack of adequate biological and fisheries data. Estimates are provided of age-based demographic parameters for two important deep-water snapper species in the Pacific, Etelis carbunculus and E. coruscans. A spawner biomass-per-recruit (SPR) model was applied to determine fishing mortality rates for each species that would achieve specified biological targets (40% unexploited levels, SPR40) and limit (30% unexploited levels, SPR30) reference points, and examine the sensitivity of the model to variation in natural mortality and age at first capture. The maximum observed age, based on increment counts from sectioned otoliths, was 21 years for E. carbunculus and 18 years for E. coruscans. Total mortality (Z), estimated from the Hoenig regression, was 0.21 year � 1 for E. carbunculus and 0.25 year � 1 for E. coruscans. The best approximating growth models were the von Bertalanffy model (L∞ = 896 mm fork length, k = 0.28, t0 = 0.51) for E. carbunculus and the logistic model (L∞ = 879 mm fork length, k = 0.32 year � 1 , t0 = 3.42) for E. coruscans. The spawner biomass-per-recruit analysis demonstrated that lower rates of fishing mortality were required for E. coruscans than for E. carbunculus to maintain spawning biomass above estimated biological reference points. Estimates of spawner biomass-per-recruit were more sensitive to variation in natural mortality than in the age at first capture, suggesting that regulating fishing mortality rather than gear selectivity would be a more effective management measure for both species. Maintaining fishing mortality <0.1 for both species is recommended as a cautious approach to management, given the uncertainty in estimates of natural mortality and mixed fishery considerations.


Title of dissertation: SYNCHRONIZATION OF NETWORK COUPLED CHAOTIC AND OSCILLATORY DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Gilad Barlev, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Edward Ott Department of Physics We consider various problems relating to synchronization in networks of coupled oscillators. In Chapter 2 we extend a recent exact solution technique developed for all-to-all connected Kuramoto oscillators to certain types of networks by considering large ensembles of system realizations. For certain network types, this description allows for a reduction to a low dimensional system of equations. In Chapter 3 we compute the Lyapunov spectrum of the Kuramoto model and contrast our results both with the results of other papers which studied similar systems and with those we would expect to arise from a low dimensional description of the macroscopic system state, demonstrating that the microscopic dynamics arise from single oscillators interacting with the mean field. Finally, Chapter 4 considers an adaptive coupling scheme for chaotic oscillators and explores under which conditions the scheme is stable, as well as the quality of the stability. SYNCHRONIZATION OF NETWORK COUPLED CHAOTIC AND OSCILLATORY DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS


Due to rapid diagnosis and isolation of imported cases, community outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are considered unlikely in industrialised countries. In March 2016, the first documented locally acquired case of Lassa fever (LF) outside Africa occurred, demonstrating the disease's potential as a cross-border health threat. We describe the management surrounding this case of LF in Rhineland-Palatinate – the German federal state where secondary transmission occurred. Twelve days after having been exposed to the corpse of a LF case imported from Togo, a symptomatic undertaker tested positive for Lassa virus RNA. Potential contacts were traced, categorised based on exposure risk, and monitored. Overall, we identified 21 contact persons with legal residency in Rhineland-Palatinate: seven related to the index case, 13 to the secondary case, and one related to both. The secondary case received treatment and recovered. Five contacts were quarantined and one was temporarily banned from work. No further transmission occurred. Based on the experience gained during the outbreak and a review of national and international guidelines, we conclude that exposure risk attributable to corpses may currently be underestimated, and we present suggestions that may help to improve the anti-epidemic response to imported VHF cases in industrialised countries.


Internet of Things (IoT) will change many things, open up opportunities and enabling something that was not possible before. IoT provides sensing capability so that enterprise has better global context awareness. This is the Sensing Enterprise, an enterprise that obtains multidimensional information from physical or virtual objects in a connected environment. This sensing capability is expected to increase the capacity and capability of the enterprise in responding to sustainability challenges. This paper proposes a research framework as an alternative guide for researchers to produce various artifacts or theories to realize The Sensing Enterprise for sustainability achievement. The method used in developing the framework is modification/adaptation of transdisciplinary research model and information system research model. This framework has three main area consist of scientific base, enterprise architecture research process and sustainability achievement.


The present study investigates the potential use of used black tea leaves (UBTL) for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) from acidic solution in batch process. The influences of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, concentration, processing temperatures and ionic strength were investigated. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to analysis CV at a specific pH (6.0) of solution. Several model isotherms were depicted at different processing temperatures using acidic solution of pH 2.0. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Florry-Huggins model equation were subjected to analyze the equilibrium adsorption data. The experimental data reveals Langmuir and D-R models comparatively better fitted than Freundlich, Tempkin and Florry-Huggins models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qm) computed from Langmuir equation is 184.1 mg/g at 30oC which is increased with increase of processing temperature. The adsorption energy (E) calculated from D-R model indicates physical adsorption which plays cardinal role in this adsorption process. The value of separation factor informs that the adsorption process is favorable in nature. The effect of electrolytes (NaCl and NaNO3) suggests a possible adsorption mechanism of CV onto UBTL. The values of thermodynamic variables such as Gibbs free energy (∆Gads), enthalpy (∆Hads) and entropy (∆Sads) suggests the adsorption process is non-spontaneous, physisorption with negligible amount of fragmentation of dye molecules.


The Intertext series has been specifically designed to meet the needs of contemporary English Language Studies. Working with Texts: A core introduction to language analysis (second edition, 2001) is the foundation text, which is complemented by a range of 'satellite' titles. These provide students with hands-on practical experience of textual analysis through special topics and can be used individually or in conjunction with Working with Texts.
The Language of Children: *introduces the key theories of language acquisition and provides a historical overview of the subject *looks at all the ways children learn to communicate, from writing and talking to playing and using computers *includes a wide variety of real texts and data, from records of childrens first words to children's hand-written stories and emails *explores the language of children from a range of backgrounds and abilities, including deaf and bilingual children *is user-friendly and accessible, and provides a full glossary.


The fragmented state of contemporary international law and institutions gives rise to contentious relationships between larger policy objectives. An example of such relationships, the 'trade and health' debate has long been understood as suffering from a lack of policy coherence, at the expense of health. This paper explores the institutional modalities of formulating a coherent policy that would redress the gravitational pull of the World Trade Organization, opting for cooperation between the major relevant international organizations rather than counterbalancing the dominance of trade. Part II of the paper notes the multi-layered impacts of trade on health, mindful of areas of tension between trade agreements and health. These tensions are then placed within the broader discourse about the fragmentation of international law into sectoral normative regimes, with a view to highlighting the major risks involved in the process. Part IV briefly addresses the impact of trade agreements on national health measures, and the operation of the 'health exception' in GATT 1994 in light of the jurisprudence of WTO tribunals. Part V explores the role of the World Health Organization in the governance of trade and health. The paper concludes by making suggestions for formal inter-institutional cooperation between WTO and WHO, which, it is hoped, would positively contribute to the development of norms and institutional practices that better integrate health objectives into trade policy-making and implementation, and trade objectives into health policy-making and implementation.


As the Internet becomes the major information infrastructure in most sectors, the importance of Information Systems (IS) security steadily increases. While reaching a certain level of actual IS security is vital for most businesses, this level must also be perceived as acceptable by stakeholders. Businesses have to maintain a certain level of security and be able to assess the level of other actors' security. IS security is abstract and complex, however, and difficult to estimate and measure. This thesis uses epistemic and ontological frameworks to study the conceptual nature of IS security and separate the concepts of actual and perceived IS security. A well-known event is used to illustrate the conceptual discussion: the Sasser worm that was spread around the world in 2004. This study also includes a smaller case study from the City of Stockholm, where about 4,000 computers were infected by Sasser. The outcome of the study is that actual IS security should be treated as a dynamic condition that is influenced by three different objects: information assets, threat objects and security mechanisms. Incidents are processes that are ruled by the conditions of these three objects and affect the states of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets. The concepts of threat, risk and trust remain at epistemic level, i.e. perceptions. Perceptions of IS security can differ depending on their social establishment and are classified as subjective judgements, inter-subjective judgements or institutional facts. While actual IS security conditions can influence actors' perceptions of IS security, perceived IS security can also influence actual IS security.


As it is well-known, orange peel is used for making jam and oil. For this purpose, orange samples with high peel thickness are best. In order to predict peel thickness in orange fruit, we present a system based in image features, comprising: area, eccentricity, perimeter, length/area, blue value, green value, red value, wide, contrast, texture, wide/area, wide/length, roughness, and length. A novel identification solution based on the hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to reduce the number of dimensions, without much loss of information. Taguchi's robust optimization technique has been applied to determine the optimal setting for parameters of PSO, GA, and ANN. The optimal level of factors were: Number of Neuron in first layer=7, Number of Neuron in second layer=2, Maximum Iteration=400, Crossover probability=0.7, Mutation probability=0.1, and Swarm (Population) Size=200. Results for prediction of orange peel thickness based on levels that are achieved by Taguchi method were evaluated by five performance measures: the coefficient of determination (R2), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), sum square error (SSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), reaching values of 0.8571, 0.0123, 0.0924, 1.392, and 0.1109, respectively.


A new, rapid analytical method using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was developed to differentiate Radix Angelicae sinensis samples from five different geographic origins, and to determine the contents of ethanol extract and ferulic acid in the samples. The scattering effect and baseline shift in the NIR spectra were corrected and the spectral features were enhanced by several pre-processing methods. By using principal component analysis (PCA), the grouping homogeneity and sample cluster tendency were visualized. Furthermore, random forests (RF) was applied to select the most effective wavenumber variables from the full NIR variables and to build the qualitative models. Finally, the genetic algorithm optimization combined with multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) was applied to select the most relevant variables and to build the ethanol extract and ferulic acid quantitative models. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the models are Rtest = 0.83 for ethanol extract and Rtest = 0.81 for ferulic acid. The outcome showed that NIRS can serve as routine screening in the quality control of chinese herbal medicine.


Remotely and selectively turning on and off the magnetization of many micro-scale magnetic actuators could be a great enabling feature in fields such as microrobotics and microfluidics. We present an array of addressable 800 × 800 × 75 μm3 micropumps made from a composite material whose net magnetic moment can be selectively turned on or off by application of a large magnetic field pulse. The material is made from a mixture of micron-scale neodymium-iron-boron and ferrite particles, and can be formed into arbitrary actuator shapes using a simple molding procedure. By selectively controlling the orientation of each of an array of micro-actuators prior to the application of the field pulse, the magnetic on/off state of each can be controlled independently. The micropumps are actuated by rotating magnetic fields up to 12 kA m−1 in strength to pump liquid through 100 μm fluid channels. A distinct transition between the on and off states is seen by application of pulsed magnetic fields of about 240 kA m−1 in strength. As a demonstration, we show addressable on/off control of two micropumps and five simple spinning magnetic microactuators, with potential applications for lab-on-a-chip type fluidic devices.


Access to information is one aspect; collecting and retaining data of people accessing information is another aspect of library services in modern times. Users can benefit from new technologies applied in library services, such as user profiles, based on loan history; tailor made services through advanced marketing based on customer segmentation etc. Searching history on library internet computers, films with pictures of persons on security cameras are other data which may reveal a person's identity. Libraries as providers of services are legally and professionally obliged to guarantee anonymity to their users, meaning that users should remain unidentified, nameless, but in practice it more often means that their names are known to the providers of services, but should not be revealed to the greater public. A number of international IFLA/UNESCO documents on libraries, emphasize the libraries' obligation to protect anonymity of their users, but do not provide a definition of anonymity in library nor a sufficient guideline for library practice. Therefore, the important and relevant question is: If libraries wish to deliver modern services – and they do so to what extent should and could (public) libraries use or allow to use the above mentioned types of tools for collecting data? Is access to information only possible by giving up anonymity? Or can libraries give access to information safeguarding users' anonymity? This article deals with these questions based on a research into relevant literature and legislation and a comparative survey of library practices and awareness of librarians in the Netherlands and Croatia.


The 'basis rule' is, in general terms, a rule which restricts expert witnesses to giving opinion evidence in respect of which there is or will be proof, by other admissible evidence, of the facts and assumptions upon which the opinion is based. There has been no clear consensus as to whether the basis rule exists either at common law or under the Uniform Evidence Legislation, or whether the rule goes to admissibility or weight. This article examines the jurisprudence, with a particular focus on the recent High Court decision of Dasreef Pty Ltd v Hawchar. The authors argue that the controversy surrounding the basis rule has been the result of a misunderstanding and misconstruction of the rule. They argue that the conflict may be resolved by understanding the basis rule as simply a rearticulation, in the specific context of expert evidence, of the requirement that evidence must be relevant to be admissible. The weight of that expert evidence remains to be determined in accordance with ordinary principles.


Highly dispersed β-Mo2C and α-MoC1−x nanoparticles with average diameters of 3.88 ± 1.21 and 1.79 ± 0.72 nm, respectively, were synthesized by a simple resin-based carbothermal reduction route. It was interesting to note that the nature of the Mo carbide phases obtained considerably depended on the precursor preparation method and flowing gas composition. Under flowing Ar gas, the precursors prepared by ion-exchange, impregnation and mechanical mixture methods were transformed into α-MoC1−x, a α-MoC1−x/β-Mo2C mixture and β-Mo2C, respectively. However, under flowing H2 gas, all the precursors were converted to β-Mo2C, regardless of the precursor preparation method. The complete synthesis processes involved reduction–carburization of Mo oxide precursors via the pathways of nontopotactic MoO2 → β-Mo2C or MoOx (Mo4+ or/and Mo5+) → MoOxCy → β-Mo2C, and topotactic MoOx (Mo5+) → MoOxCy → α-MoC1−x. It was generally accepted that there were two possible mechanisms of dry reforming of methane (DRM) on β-Mo2C, the redox mechanism (involving β-Mo2C ⇆ MoO2) and the noble metal type mechanism, with the former much more dominant than the latter. In this work, we addressed for the first time the differences in the two mechanisms between β-Mo2C and α-MoC1−x. Over the α-phase, the redox mechanism involved the transformation of α-MoC1−x → MoO2 ⇆ β-Mo2C and this pathway was minor in comparison to the noble metal type mechanism. Clearly, the contribution of the noble metal type mechanism to the DRM activity on the α-phase was more than that on the β-phase, which was proposed to account for the better stability of the former than the latter. It was therefore suggested that the noble metal type mechanism should be preferable for DRM over carbide catalysts.


Existing platforms for monitoring of nutrient levels (e.g.; phosphates, nitrates) and pathogens such as E. coli in water bodies are often prohibitively expensive (>€20k) due to the use of conventional sample/liquid handling which results in bulky, power hungry and labour intensive (servicing and maintenance) devices. As a consequence, this results in monitoring strategies that suffer from a lack of sampling frequency and deployment scale and thus a decrease in the overall effectiveness of such platforms. To address these challenges, the NAPES project intends to develop a low cost, autonomous system for environmental sensing in the aqueous environment. Additionally, this project will act as a hub for the development of advances in materials science, chemical and biological analysis and detection systems while revolutionizing the current design of deployable environmental sensing platforms. The eventual goal is to create a commercially viable system, implementing new technologies that not only improve the sensitivity and efficiency of the platform but also drive down their unit cost by orders of magnitude so that such technology becomes accessible to wider markets and demographics (e.g developing countries, non-commercial entities).

To achieve this, the project brings together 8 partners with unique strengths that, when combined, will result in an innovative commercial platform. Our project's core research strategies involve implementation of novel materials science to develop advanced fluid handling and microscale mechanics such as polymer valves and channel coatings (Dublin City University and Technical University Eindhoven) and their microfluidic applications (CIC Microgune) as well as the use of microfluidic platforms for size/cost reduction of analytical devices and integration of electronics. Advances in analytical platforms will be addressed using cutting edge detection methods based upon antibody functionalised magnetic beads and spot/film coated refractive index matched polymer surfaces (Aquila Biosciences, Insitiut Curie and University of Milan) for highly specific detection of pathogens and other non-desirable contaminants (e.g surfactants).

With design and innovation in mind, the NAPES project uniquely addresses the often-overlooked challenge of bridging the macro and microscale environments. The ability to gain a truly representative sample from large water bodies can present a problem as quite often the volume difference of the sample source and the analytical sample can be orders of magnitude different. Through the design and implementation of a specialised pre-concentration and filtration process, the ability to sample vastly greater sample volumes and convert them into volumes compatible with microscale sensing is being developed and as such are a unique aspect to our platform.

The commercial exploitation and business development aspects of the platform will be illustrated by describing the prototype development, deployment and subsequent productisation and upscaling of final platform design with two of our commercial partners TE Laboratories and Williams Industrial Services. A very important aspect of success of this project is the combination of novel research advances in chemistry, biology and engineering for the development of a real product with marketable potential.


This course contributes to the ongoing development of reflective practitioners who will inevitably be faced with crisis situations at some point in their careers as professional counselors. Accordingly, the course is designed to provide a foundation for best professional practice by increasing knowledge about the professional practice of crisis counseling, facilitating critical analysis of issues and challenges in the profession, and nurturing the development of professional capacity in this important area of practice. These goals are achieved by providing students with theoretical and practical grounding in the conceptualization and delivery of crisis counseling services, by sensitizing them to issues of diversity, and by reflecting on ethical, legal, and professional conduct issues for crisis counselors. Opportunities will be provided for knowledge and skill development in the areas of individual, group, and organizational crisis assessment, intervention and treatment strategies for restoring equilibrium, crisis resolution, facilitating growth, promoting resilience, and outcome assessment. This course offers students an overview of current best practices, roles and functions, ethics, and professional practice in the field of crisis intervention. This content is both relevant and important across all practice settings and with diverse client populations. In this sense, crisis response and intervention is considered an essential capacity for all practicing counselors.


MANETs are often deployed in an infrastructure-less or hostile region where the satellite provides the only link for the MANETs to communicate with the rest of the world. It faces many challenges to support multiple serviced communications between MANETs and Internet through satellite. In this paper, we propose an efficient resource management scheme called AHRM to dynamically allocate bandwidths among multiple MANET users and multiple priority and non-priority services sharing a multi-access satellite channel. It uses a flexible hierarchical structure to exploit the channel utility and resolve contention from two levels. A bandwidth adaptation algorithm is designed to adjust the allocation dynamically in response to traffic and link status changes. The algorithm turns out to be in line with reinforcement learning and is a customized version of it for the practical satellite network setting. Implementation issues are discussed. Simulation results are presented, showing that the scheme can guarantee fast delivery of critical messages in spite of channel contention, and significantly improve the performance of multiple services.


Quality in teaching and learning is a key issue in Higher Education in Australia. Therefore it is important for institutions to be able to make the expectations they have for their students explicit and then assure that these expectations have been achieved. The question is how do we ensure that these attributes get developed during degree programs and how can evidence that can lead to continuous improvement be captured. The initial focus to achieve this has to be reviewing the curriculum and assessment design to make sure a holistic, integrated, collaborative and maintainable approach is being adopted to foster these expectations throughout the program. This approach is a cultural change for some academics and so in conjunction with curriculum design, leadership strategies to support change must also be adopted. This work is funded as part of an Australian Government O¬ce for Learning and Teaching (OLT), National Teaching Fellowship.

This will be a "hands on" workshop where participants get opportunity to discuss current practice as well as identify areas for development in curriculum and assessment design. Participants are encouraged to bring examples of their learning outcomes and course design to the workshop.


Electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) scavenges reactive oxygen species and is a powerful anti-oxidant. A positive correlation between oxidative stress and aging has been proved in many model organisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, many long-lived mutants showed reduced fertility as a trade off against longevity phenotype. We aimed to study the effect of ERW on oxidative stress, fertility and lifespan of C. elegans. We also investigated the genetic pathway involved in the effect of ERW on resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan. We compared lifespan and fertility of worms in media prepared with distilled water and ERW. ERW significantly extended lifespan and increased the number of progeny produced. Then the effect of ERW on resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan of long-lived mutants was determined. ERW increased resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan of eat-2, a genetic model of dietary restriction, but had no effect on those of age-1, which is involved in insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-like signal. In addition, knockdown of daf-16, the downstream mediator of insulin/IGF-1-like signal, completely prevented the effect of ERW on lifespan. These findings suggest that ERW can extend lifespan without accompanying reduced fertility and modulate resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan via insulin/IGF-1-like signal in C. elegans.


A framework for organizing the semantic structure of aesthetic experience is proposed.  The new framework is presented in an 'affect-space' and consists of three sets of dichotomous classifications: (1) internal locus (the felt experience) versus external locus (the description of the object), (2) 'affect-valence' — the attraction to (positive valence, e.g. preference, awe) or repulsion from (negative valence, e.g. hatred, disgust) the artwork/object — versus 'emotion-valence' — the character/contemplation of an emotion (happiness-an example of positive valence, sadness-an example of negative valence), and (3) deep versus shallow hedonic tone—e.g. 'awe' is deep, 'preference' is shallow.   Deep hedonic tone is proposed as a better index of aesthetic experience (awe, being moved etc.) than shallow hedonic tone (preference, pleasure, enjoyment).  Deep, internal locus, affect-valence during the contemplation of an object amenable to an aesthetic judgement (beautiful, ugly etc.) presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for an aesthetic experience.  The framework allows future researchers to consider which aspects of an experience come closest to actual aesthetic experience from an empirical aesthetics perspective.  It also highlights the limited value in grouping together so many aesthetic experiences under the rubric of emotion, such as aesthetic emotions, preference, basic emotions and so forth.  Our framework paves the way for testing and further development of theory on aesthetic experience.


Electricity consumption has been rising significantly in the western world the last decades and this has affected the environment negatively. Efficient use and more energy conservative usage patterns could be ways to approach this problem. However, electricity has for a long time actively been hidden away and it is rarely thought of unless it ceases to exist. From the perspective of critical design, we have been working to find methods to visualise electricity and electricity consumption in everyday life to promote environmentally positive behavioural change. In this paper, we are looking at how aspects of lifestyles can be used in design as central driving forces that could lead to changed behaviour. Attempts to promote behavioural changes related to energy consumption might be successfully carried out when people are offered desirable alternatives that are engaging and that do not impose a perceived extra burden in their everyday life. This argument is exemplified through two design concepts, the AWARE Laundry Lamp and the Energy Plant, which are examples on how to increase people's energy awareness and offer them means for reducing their energy consumption in the home. Both prototypes are inspired by current trends in lifestyle as well as actual observed user behaviour.


Abstract Textures of hydrothermal quartz revealed by cathodoluminescence using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-CL) reflect the physical and chemical environment of quartz formation. Variations in intensity of SEM-CL can be used to distinguish among quartz from superimposed mineralization events in a single vein. In this study, we present a technique to quantify the cathodoluminescent intensity of quartz within individual and among multiple samples to relate luminescence intensity to specific mineralizing events. This technique has been applied to plutonic quartz and three generations of hydrothermal veins at the porphyry copper deposit in Butte, Montana. Analyzed veins include early quartz-molybdenite veins with potassic alteration, pyrite-quartz veins with sericitic alteration, and Main Stage veins with intense sericitic alteration. CL intensity of quartz is diagnostic of each mineralizing event and can be used to fingerprint quartz and its fluid inclusions, isotopes, trace elements, etc., from specific mineralizing episodes. Furthermore, CL intensity increases proportional to temperature of quartz formation, such that plutonic quartz from the Butte quartz monzonite (BQM) that crystallized at temperatures near 750 °C luminesces with the highest intensity, whereas quartz that precipitated at ~250 °C in Main Stage veins luminesces with the least intensity. Trace-element analyses via electron microprobe and laser ablation-ICP-MS indicate that plutonic quartz and each generation of hydrothermal quartz from Butte is dominated by characteristic trace amounts of Al, P, Ti, and Fe. Thus, in addition to CL intensity, each generation of quartz can be distinguished based on its unique trace-element content. Aluminum is generally the most abundant element in all generations of quartz, typically between 50 and 200 ppm, but low-temperature, Main Stage quartz containing 400 to 3600 ppm Al is enriched by an order of magnitude relative to all other quartz generations. Phosphorous is present in abundances between 25 and 75 ppm, and P concentrations in quartz show little variation among quartz generations. Iron is the least abundant of these elements in most quartz types and is slightly enriched in CL-dark quartz in pyrite-quartz veins with sericitic alteration. Titanium is directly correlated with both temperature of quartz precipitation, and intensity of quartz luminescence, such that BQM quartz contains hundreds of ppm Ti, whereas Main Stage quartz contains less than 10 ppm Ti. Our results suggest that Ti concentration in quartz is controlled by temperature of quartz precipitation and that increased Ti concentrations in quartz may be responsible for increased CL intensities.


Background: The long-term effects of selective pressure from conjugate pneumococcal vaccine on the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of carriage and invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are unknown. Early changes demonstrate a reduction in vaccine serotypes and an increase in nonvaccine serotypes (NVT) among both carriage and invasive isolates. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to identify emerging invasive serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities. Methods: Enhanced surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Massachusetts began in October 2001 and remains ongoing. Isolates from children less than 5 are sent to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and subsequently to the Maxwell Finland laboratory for serotyping and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. Annual incidence rates for vaccine serotype and NVT disease are calculated using 2000 census data. Results: NVT caused 72%–91% of invasive pneumococcal disease annually in children less than 5 years of age between 2002 and 2005. Serotype 19A has emerged as the most frequent cause of IPD in Massachusetts. A multidrug-resistant clone (ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) (MLST 320) was first identified in Massachusetts in 2005. Conclusions: Three years after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for universal administration to children less than 2 in Massachusetts, a significant increase in invasive disease due to serotype 19A was observed. Although MLST 199 remains the most frequent sequence type among invasive isolates (of 19A), a multidrug-resistant sequence type, not previously identified in Massachusetts, has become an important cause of invasive disease. Further surveillance of the changing ecology of S. pneumoniae is necessary as a 4-year time period is not sufficient to fully evaluate the impact of PCV of pneumococcal infections.


The Miller Creek, Homestake, and Daisy Pass resources contain 7,406,260 metric tons (t) of mineralized rock averaging 7.44 to 11.97 g/t Au and 0.44 to 0.90 percent Cu. They are spatially associated with the 41 Ma Homestake intrusive complex within the New World district near Cooke City, Park County, in south-central Montana. The Homestake intrusive complex consists of numerous dacitic, porphyry intrusive rocks, and phreatomagmatic breccia bodies that have intruded Cambrian sedimentary rocks and Precambrian crystalline rocks. Diatreme breccia cuts earlier intrusion breccia and contains small zones rich in pulverized and altered rock-flour matrix and volumetrically more abundant clast-rich zones. Clasts within diatreme breccia include Cambrian sedimentary rocks, Precambrian crystalline rocks, and porphyritic intrusive rocks. Although moderate mixing and milling of clasts is present within diatreme breccia, relict Cambrian stratigraphy is commonly preserved.

Alteration may be separated into three stages: initial contact metamorphism of sedimentary rocks related to the emplacement of the intrusive rocks and intrusion breccias, an early hydrothermal stage that occurred after emplacement of the intrusive rocks, and a late hydrothermal stage that is postdiatreme. Early hydrothermal alteration of sedimentary rocks and breccia is laterally zoned relative to the Homestake intrusive complex from narrow zones of proximal prograde skarn to more widespread distal calc-silicate hornfels. Calc-silicate hornfels consists of banded epidote, actinolite, chlorite, and orthoclase, lies stratigraphically above and below the mineralized replacement zones, occurs up to 3.3 km away from the intrusive complex, and is barren of Au-Cu mineralization. Intrusive rocks, intrusion breccia, and diatreme breccia are dominated by late, vertically zoned alteration assemblages that destroyed early alteration and consist of deep advanced argillic alteration (including hydrothermal breccia), intermediate-level intermediate argillic alteration, and distal upper-level propylitic alteration. Trace fine-grained epidote associated with early alteration is present locally in the mineralized Homestake replacement zones but is absent at Miller Creek.

Replacement zones within the Homestake resource are hosted by diatreme and intrusion breccia containing abundant clasts of Cambrian limestone and are spatially associated with intermediate argillic alteration. Tabular subhorizontal replacement zones at Miller Creek and Daisy Pass are hosted by dolomitic limestone of the Cambrian Meagher Formation at the contact with the intrusive complex and are spatially associated with sills and dikes with argillic and propylitic alteration.

Replacement zones associated with late alteration are dominated by magnetite + rutilated (i.e., rutile-bearing) quartz and were partially replaced by later pyrite, clear quartz, carbonate minerals, chlorite, clay, and chalcopyrite. Almost all magnetite in the mineralized replacement zones partially to completely replaced earlier acicular hematite and retains the distinct acicular habit. Native gold and electrum typically occur as micron-sized inclusions and fracture fillings in pyrite and, to a lesser extent, in chalcopyrite. The abundance of chlorite, carbonate, magnetite, and gold increase in the upper part of the hydrothermal system, whereas kaolinite, Cu/(Au × 1,000) and Ag/Au increase in the lower part. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in clear quartz associated with Au-Cu-Ag mineralization suggest a thermal zoning from the proximal Homestake resource (~369°C) to the peripheral Miller Creek resource (~344°C). A phreatomagmatic event and related structures created permeable zones and conduits for the hydrothermal fluids that selectively replaced nearby limestone-rich protoliths. The alteration mineralogy, geochemistry, fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, and paragenesis of the replacement zones and breccia-hosted resources are similar, suggesting that they were related to the same hydrothermal system centered on the Homestake intrusive complex.


Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), employers must provide accommodations to their disabled employees unless those accommodations cause an undue hardship to the employer. When the ADA was being enacted in 1990, many thought that the undue hardship defense would be hotly debated in the courts and by academics. And yet, the undue hardship defense is very rarely outcome determinative and has not been the subject of a significant piece of scholarship since the mid-1990s. This article takes a fresh look at the under-developed case law surrounding the undue hardship defense. From a data set of over 1,600 potential undue hardship cases, I identified only 120 that address undue hardship in depth. These cases reveal that cost — which both the statute and conventional wisdom suggest is the focus of the inquiry — plays only a minor role. Instead, these cases revealed three recurring themes: (1) courts often confuse or conflate the reasonable accommodation inquiry and the undue hardship defense; (2) whether an accommodation places burdens on other employees (what I call "special treatment stigma") frequently is relevant to the undue hardship defense; and (3) the phenomenon of "withdrawn accommodations" often influences courts' analysis of the undue hardship defense. These themes not only provide a deeper insight into the undue hardship defense, but also help to more broadly illuminate the scope of an employer's obligation to provide reasonable accommodations.


This paper traces the presence of Euripides'  Alcestis  as subtext in four Greek novels: Chariton, Xenophon of Ephesus, Achilles Tatius and Heliodorus. I attempt to show how influential Euripides' tragedy has been for the expression of important novelistic ideals, such as the absolute value of love, higher than life, and the happy ending that crowns the lovers' adventures, a reward for their reciprocal and true love, stronger than life. Within this large canvass, specific features and lexical correspondences can be retraced in each novelist's treatment of the subtext. Some attention is also paid to iconographical evidence of the Roman period, closer to the novel than Euripides' play, and such also close to them in their exploitations of the myth of Alcestis: the ideal wife of Roman sarcophagi finds correspondences in the novelistic Alcestis. Greta Castrucci has been a postdoctoral fellow at University of Milan until March 2016. Previously she completed a doctorate at the University of Padua. Her research focuses mainly on Homer, Plato, Greek Novel, intertextuality, paideia and relationship between literary imagination and Greek real places.


Given the importance of cadmium in the ecosystem pollution, the remediation of soils contaminated with this heavy metal in particular through phytoremediation is necessary and inevitable. This research was aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of Cadmium Chloride on the function of antioxidant enzymes in Vetiveria zizianoides. The experiment was performed in plastic pots in the Baghou nursery, affiliated to the Department of Natural Resources. At the beginning of the experiment, irrigation was done two times a day and then, due to the moisture in the environment, irrigation was administered once daily. Treatments included 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg/l Cadmium Chloride, arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with four treatments and five replications. The root growth of the plant is high; therefore, after the initial growth of the plant, they were transferred to the field and irrigated with the treatments for two months. At the end of the period, samples were taken and Cd content in root, stem and leaves and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured. According to the obtained results, with increasing concentration of Cadmium Chloride, a significant increase was observed for the enzyme activity of Catalase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione reductase, Polyphenol oxidase, Ascorbate peroxidase and Guaiacol peroxidase. In addition, Cd absorption and accumulation was higher in roots as compared to the shoots. The results clearly showed the high capability of Vetiver for the remediation of soils contaminated with Cd. Thus, this plant could be considered as one of the suitable candidates for cultivation in industrial areas.


Rapid and important developments in the area of energy - water nexus over the last two to three years have been significant. This new edition of Water and Energy: Threats and Opportunities is timely and continues to highlight the inextricable link between water and energy, providing an up-to-date overview of the subject with helpful detailed summaries of the technical literature.

Water and Energy has been up-dated throughout and major changes are:

Water and Energy Threats and Opportunities, 2e creates an awareness of the important couplings between water and energy. It shows how energy is used in all the various water cycle operations and demonstrates how water is used and misused in all kinds of energy production and generation.Population increase, climate change and an increasing competition between food and fuel production create enormous pressures on both water and energy availability. Since there is no replacement for water, water security looks more crucial than energy security. This is true not only in developing countries but also in the most advanced countries. For example, the western parts of the USA suffer from water scarcity that provides a real security threat.

Part One of the book describes the water-energy nexus, the conflicts and competitions and the couplings between water security, energy security, and food security.

Part Two captures how climate change, population increase and the growing food demand will have major impact on water availability in many countries in the world.

Part Three describes water for energy and how energy production and conversion depend on water availability. As a consequence, all planning has to take both water and energy into consideration. The environmental (including water) consequences of oil and coal exploration and refining are huge, in North America as well as in the rest of the world. Furthermore, oil leak accidents have hit America, Africa, Europe as well as Asia. The consequences of hydropower are discussed and the competition between hydropower generation, flood control and water storage is illustrated. The importance of water for cooling thermal power plants is described, as this was so tragically demonstrated at the Fukushima nuclear plants in 2011. Climate change will further emphasize the strong coupling between water availability and the operation of power plants.

Part Four analyses energy for water - how water production and treatment depend on energy. The book shows that a lot can be done to improve equipment, develop processes and apply advanced monitoring and control to save energy for water operations. Significant amounts of energy can be saved by better pumping, the reduction of leakages, controlled aeration in biological wastewater treatment, more efficient biogas production, and by improved desalination processes.

There are 3 PowerPoint presentations available for Water and Energy - threats and opportunities, 2e.

ISBN: 9781780406947 (eBook)

ISBN: 9781780406930 (Print)


This paper analyses the technological and market strategies of eight technology-intensive companies (5 American, 2 Japanese, I European) that have achieved global leadership through strategic focus. Both technological and market strategies are divided into two broad categories: (1) convergent; (2) divergent. Therefore, four strategy clusters could occur. A convergent technology strategy is defined as the development and synergistic integration of all technologies necessary to achieve worldwide leadership for a new product. A typical example is the first laptop computer by Toshiba. A divergent technological strategy is defined as the development of alternative technologies, related or unrelated, that will assure leadership in a given market. A typical example is General Electric Medical Systems. A convergent market strategy is defined as the utilisation of all marketing efforts to gain worldwide leadership in a specific market segment, as for example General Electric Medical Systems. Finally, a divergent market strategy is defined as targeting a broad spectrum of customers across many industries, with a great variety of diverse applications. A typical example is the Toray Company of Japan which has achieved worldwide leadership in the application of carbon fibres. The paper discusses the characteristics of the four strategy clusters, their applicability on a contingency basis, and their impact on corporate strategy and organisation. Guidelines for practical implementation are offered, which appear to be applicable within the triad of North America, Western Europe and Japan.


27 & 28 April 2017
The annual destination for more than 200 participants from the practicing bar, the business world, public authorities, academia, and the judiciary.
Some of the most distinguished speakers in the field of competition law will address an array of current topics. Highlights include: · Presumptions and fictions in competition law – the practical impact · Boundaries of competition law: excluded sectors · Competition law and economics post Brexit · Sports, sports broadcasting and competition law · Presidents' breakfast · The extended General Court as a competition law court · In-house counsels' major concerns · The role of a fact-based approach in antitrust Taking place in one of Switzerland's most beautiful cities, the St.Gallen ICF gives you the opportunity to meet, discuss and network with fellow competition lawyers and leading competition law experts from all over the world.
Download the attached flyer to view the full program, the list of speakers and registration info!


The article compares the challenges faced by Europe in reconstructing after World War I and the new ones on similar issues encountered in 2017, after ten years of financial, economic and political crises. Such a comparison is developed not only about the reconstruction of its infrastructures, but also the political reorganization of the Continent and its Union, the reform of the European fiscal and monetary constitution, and how it deals with the twin demographic and migratory challenge. The solutions proposed a hundred years ago and their outcomes are briefly discussed, along with the possible solutions discussed today and their possible consequences. The excessive rigidity of monetary and budgetary rules had negative influence in the reconstruction of the institutional framework in the 1920's, contributing to the end of the gold exchange standard, and today's fiscal rules must avoid an excessively restrictive bias on demand. Regulated labour migration is part of the solution of Europe's demographic problems, but it is difficult to handle. Cooperation must be reinforced in dealing with emergencies and refugees and contain irregular flows and manage expectations and fears, while fostering integration. Infrastructural investment remains weak and the Junker plan has not provided the additional push needed, because budgetary constrains remain, the complexity of the financial, legal and administrative process have become structural, and Public Private Partnerships are ultimately a more expensive way to produce public investment. While clear cut, definitive solutions to the various problems identified appear unlikely, the endurance of the European project should not be underestimated. There is a real capacity of institutions to withstand difficulties and the commitment of the vast majority of European governments to sustain or to advance the European project and the Euro, even if a truly federalist development of Europe is unlikely and not strictly necessary.


The existence of floating-rate bonds in the composition of public debt is associated with some factors that tend to negatively affect the trajectory of the economy over time. The main objective of this article is to analyze the changes caused by a change in the public debt composition over the dynamics of a given economy. In order to do that, we built a dynamic stock-flow consistent post-keynesian model, in which the government bond market is modeled to reflect the main features of the Brazilian case. The parameters and initial conditions of the model are calibrated in order to form a baseline scenario that reflects in a satisfactory way the main stylized facts of modern economies. The simulation results indicate that the extinction of floating-rate bonds does not have negative effects on the economy in the short run. In the long run, however, uncontrolled public spending due to an increase in the debt service takes the economy to a path of instability. To stabilize the economy, government should adjust its economic policy to its debt management policy. Fiscal policy, monetary policy and income policy may be used by the government. A restrictive fiscal policy can be useful to stabilize the economy. However, it is associated with smaller growth rates. An active fiscal policy, associated with some specific objective, can reverse this result, suggesting that the fiscal policy can contribute to control inflation. Restrictive monetary policy can also be used to stabilize the economy. However, it is not the best policy to control inflation. Income policy has the best results. Key-words: Public debt management, Economic policy, Post-Keynesian Macroeconomics, Stock-flow consistent models, Macrodynamic simulation model. JEL: C63, E12, E61, E63, H63


The effects of nano-carbon interactions on plant growth have recently been the subject of much scientific research. In the past, the use of insoluble nano-carbons on plants led to physical damage to the plant cells due to biochemical incompatibility; at present, the availability of dispersible or soluble forms of several nano-carbons avoids unnecessary physical damage, which could be a possible solution to the continuous increase in the demand for food. These interactions provide a feasible approach that is backed by the long-known results from age-old practices related to the simple addition of charred bio-waste as a carbon source, known as "biochar," to the soil as a promoter of nutrients. The purposeful use of biochar significantly increases the rate of development of the next generation crop along with the retention of soil fertility. It is known that biochar contains a significant amount of nano-carbons along with micro carbon with oxo-functionality; these are hydrophilic and are readily passed through the plant roots. As such, the potential application of charred carbons/biochar in the growth of plant systems is a time-tested process, and the same can be expected with the nano-carbons. This perspective article provides a summary of the recent advances in the agricultural applications of nano-carbons. In particular, the cellular uptake, translocation, and accumulation of nano-carbons inside the plant, and their significant impacts on the plant physiological parameters are studied. Like plant growth, water uptake and protein expression properties, increasing crop productivity and disease prevention are correlated. The present perspective article also addresses the negative aspects that arise, based on a few reports showing the toxicity of nano-carbons; most of these are physical in nature and care is needed to determine the quality of the nano-carbons, which should be biocompatible.


Five sizes of glued-laminated timber beams and panels are being tested in a five-point beam-shear test configuration to determine the shear strength capacity and size relationships. A total of 200 matched specimens will be tested: 100 loaded edgewise about the strong axis and 100 loaded flatwise about the weak axis. Statistical methods will be used to estimate mean and coefficient of variation considering censored data, test the significance of strength-size effect, and correlate between beam shear and ASTM D143 block shear. At the time this paper was written, only the beams loaded edgewise about the strong axis were completely tested along with the smaller-sized beams loaded about the weak axis. This paper presents results for the strong axis tests and a general discussion about the weak axis tests. To date, edgewise specimens had similar size-strength relationships as were observed in previous glued-laminated shear studies.


Abstract The teacher-student relationship has long been of primary concern to educators and the focus of much educational research. While various theoretical understandings of this relationship exist, ontological understandings of the lived experiences of this relationship are not so prevalent, and there is thus a call for phenomenological studies aimed at uncovering the essential and ontological meanings of this taken for granted phenomenon. This paper reports on such a project and, in particular, some of the challenges encountered in the process of phenomenologically researching the relationship which arises in the context of teacher education between the lecturer and the student teacher. The challenges of phenomenological research are both numerous and complex. These challenges relate to the intensity of the lived experience of the research itself, the meditative attunement of the researcher to the focal phenomenon, and the process of walking in a research process that is mindful of one's own historicity (Gadamer, 1960/1995). While the primary focus of this paper is on the challenges of researching the lecturer-student teacher relationship in a phenomenological way, it nevertheless reflects the unique capacity of a phenomenological approach to respect the centrality and humanity of relationship and to open understanding that affirms this.


In this study, the dynamic behavior of a model building for different damage cases is studied based on the changes in the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The damage is assumed to occur on the walls and at the column-ends of the first story, because they are generally affected by earthquakes, explosions, etc. A ½-scale three-story reinforced-concrete (RC) building model is constructed in the laboratory. Different damage cases are applied to the model gradually by using mechanical cutting equipment. The wall damage is assumed to reach the interior of the walls and the column-end damage is created by removing the cover of columns. The ambient vibration tests are performed by using the operational modal analysis method under unknown random impact loads. The accelerometers are placed on the columns in the transverse and longitudinal directions to get the responses of the model in these directions. It is observed that the natural frequencies, corresponding mode shapes, and modal damping ratios of the building model vary depending on the damage location and damage extent. The natural frequencies show a decreasing trend with damage, and for the last damage case the natural frequencies are 60 % lower than for the undamaged case. In addition, the mode shapes are affected considerably by wall damage.


Silicon nanocomposites (nc-Si) with rare earth metals (REM) were synthesized by electron-beam evaporation. The structure of nanocomposites was studied by atomic-force microscopy. The size of nanocrystallites was about 10–40 nm. Also chemical composition of obtained material was examined. The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) was uniform in film thickness, but it was characterized by a presence of maximum peak at the interface film-substrate. In the work the electrical and optical properties of nanocomposites Si:REE were investigated. Silicon nanocomposites with Eu or Y were characterized by high sensitivity to visible radiation. The ratio of dark to light resistance was achieved to 2 orders of magnitude, making this material very promising to use in thin-film photosensors. After deposition of nanocomposites Si:REE on silicon substrate, the heterojunction was formed at the interface film-substrate, for which the sensitivity to visible radiation was observed too (1–2 mA/lmV). Also, the presence of p...


This study explores the development of a methodology to analyze how nature of science (NOS), scientific inquiry (SI), and the characteristics of scientists (COS) are portrayed in mainstream films. We demonstrate this methodology using the films, Contact and Twister , as they are commonly used in earth/space science classrooms. We investigate the following research question: how do mainstream films present NOS, SI, and COS? Using a qualitative approach to examine the number of times in which NOS, SI, and COS were observed in the film, we developed a tool that assists the viewers in depicting these incidences visually. Not only can this instrument be used to determine when NOS, SI, and COS are portrayed in popular films, it can also be used to create a visual "fingerprint" depicting the number of incidents in which each construct is displayed. We suggest that these fingerprints can be used to help teachers understand how NOS, SI, and COS are addressed in selected mainstream films normally used in secondary science classrooms.


In this paper we give methods for time-aware music recommendation in a social media service with the potential of exploiting immediate temporal influences between users. We consider events when a user listens to an artist the first time and this event follows some friend listening to the same artist short time before. We train a blend of matrix factorization methods that model the relation of the influencer, the influenced and the artist, both the individual factor decompositions and their weight learned by variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Special care is taken since events of influence form a subset of the positive implicit feedback data and hence we have to cope with two different definitions of the positive and negative implicit training data. In addition, in the time-aware setting we have to use online learning and evaluation methods. While SGD can easily be trained online, evaluation is cumbersome by traditional measures since we will have potentially different top recommendations at different times. Our experiments are carried over the two-year "scrobble" history of 70,000 Last.fm users and show a 5% increase in recommendation quality by predicting temporal influences.


This paper presents a new methodology for the development of a probabilistic very long term forecast of the total port throughput in the Le Havre – Hamburg range up to 2100. The forecast is based on a combination of System Dynamic Modelling, Judgement, and Causal Relations. It is intended to provide infrastructure planners with some guidance on the very long term development of transport demand over the lifetime of the infrastructure. On the basis of the forecast it can be expected that the port throughput in the Le Havre – Hamburg region will remain growing throughout the first half of the century, but at a reduced pace. Towards the end of the century throughput volumes will stabilize or even decrease. The notion of decreasing and stabilizing throughput volumes will help infrastructure planners to consider the (ultimate) capacity to be provided beyond the current expansion plans as well as the type of expansions that will suit future demand some 20 to 30 years from now.


How does complexity evolve in artificial and natural systems? A central concept within genetic systems is epistasis, namely the modulation of the effects of a given gene by one or several other genes. Epistasis is known to have an impact on many features of organisms, from recombination and sex to the ruggedness of the underlying fitness landscapes. However, the multi-scale nature of evolution and organisms makes often difficult to properly characterize epistatic interactions. Here we study the hierarchical organization of epistatic interactions between machine instructions in evolved digital organisms. We present a new quantitative approach to discover epistatic interactions that is able to capture the presence and role of groups of epistatic modules. Therefore, it thus takes into account the intrinsic nested nature of individual complexity. We found evidences of modular epistasis in avidians, with some modules having a tendency toward antagonistic epistasis while others show the opposite epistatic sign. We also found that this modular organization was positively correlated to organismal robustness.


In recent times, public policy-making in Korea has increasingly led to serious social conflicts. Competing and conflicting interests become publicly exposed in various, usually angry, ways such as wild picketing and disruptive demonstrations. In any society, public policy-making is usually associated with social conflicts, but the level and magnitude of social conflicts and, as a result, disarray in the policy-making process in Korea, have been unprecedented. This article argues that the Korean government's inattention to public discourse and policy-making strategies is largely responsible for the difficulties it has experienced in recent years. Korean society still lacks an effective decision-making system that could allow effective communication between policy stakeholders and coordinate their legitimate demands. By utilizing a public discourse perspective, this article provides detailed analyses of policy-making difficulties in Korea and proposes alternative ways to reach a social consensus for conflict-ridden social issues. Points for practitioners This article analyzes three cases of policy-making difficulties the Korean government has recently experienced. The three cases are the Radio Waste Disposal Facility siting decision, the introduction of the National Education Information System, and the Korea—US FTA Agreement. The three cases show how the lack of coordinating processes and inattention to policy-making strategies, such as issue framing in the communicative stage, could make public policies adrift. Our analysis shows that, to cope with policy-making problems in Korea, it is necessary to develop institutional mechanisms to incorporate various social interests at the stage of coordinative discourse. Furthermore, Korea needs to develop a more elaborate stage of communicative discourse.


Kd-tree search is widely used today in computer vision - for example in object recognition to process a large set of features and identify the objects in a scene. However, the search times vary widely based on the size of the data set to be processed, the number of objects present in the frame, the size and shape of the kd-tree, etc. Constraining the search interval is extremely critical for real-time applications in order to avoid frame drops and to achieve a good response time. The inherent parallelism in the algorithm can be exploited by using massively parallel architectures like many-core processors. However, the variation in execution time is more pronounced on such hardware (HW) due to the presence of shared resources and dynamically varying load situations created by applications running concurrently. In this work, we propose a new resource-aware nearest-neighbor search algorithm for kd-trees on many-core processors. The novel algorithm can adapt itself to the dynamically varying load on a many-core processor and can achieve a good response time and avoid frame drops. The results show significant improvements in performance and detection rate compared to the conventional approach while the simplicity of the conventional algorithm is retained in the new model.


Mark's 'biography' of Jesus is the earliest of the four gospels, and influenced them all. The distinctive feature of this biography is the quality of 'good news', which presupposes a world dominated by the forces of evil. John Painter shows how the rhetorical and dramatic shaping of the book emphasises the conflict of good and evil at many levels - between Jesus and the Jewish authorities, Jesus and the Roman authorities, and the conflict of values within the disciples themselves. These matters of content are integral to this original approach to Mark's theodicy, while the stylistic issue raises the question of Mark's intended readership. John Painter's succinct yet thorough treatment of Mark's gospel opens up not only these rhetorical issues, but the social context of the gospel, which Painter argues to be that of the Pauline mission to the nations.


Aging of asphalt mixtures is primarily associated with loss of volatile components and oxidation in asphalt during the construction phase (short-term aging), and progressive oxidation of the in-place material in the field (long-term aging). Both factors cause an increase in viscosity of the asphalt and a consequent stiffening of the mixture. Compared to research on asphalt cement, there has been little research on the aging of asphalt mixtures, and, to date, there is no standard laboratory test. Several researchers have compared laboratory aging tests and field performance. The majority of these have considered aging of the binder rather than that of the mixture. However, there are exceptions. This paper presents a state of the art on research directed to understanding the relationship between laboratory aging tests and field performance. It is shown that there is a very strong general trend of a hyperbolic increase in the property used to evaluate the extent of aging.


The goal of this theoretical study is the improvement of the techniques of determining electromagnetic permittivity. However, it may be developed and applied for the reconstruction of other parameters. The work is aimed at the preliminary design and implementation of a system solving inverse problem of reconstruction permittivities of materials consisting of several dielectric layers based on real measurements of the transmission and reflection coefficients in free space.


Self-control and cognition are among the factors involved in the tendency toward delinquency. The aim of this study was to compare self-control and metacognition components in normal minors and juvenile delinquents at correction and rehabilitation centers. This was a causal-comparative descriptive study. The statistical sample included 70 juvenile delinquents (55 boys and 15 girls), selected via convenience sampling. The boys were at the correction and rehabilitation center of Tabriz and the girls were referred to the detention center of morality police by the intelligence department of police in Tabriz. The normal minors included 70 high-school students (55 boys and 15 girls) who were matched with the case group in terms of age, sex, and education. Data collection tools included Tangney's self-control scale and metacognition scale. Results showed that there were significant differences in the self-control variables between juvenile offenders and normal minors. Moreover, there were significant differences in the metacognition components between the juvenile offenders and normal minors. This means that juvenile offenders had low self-control and metacognition. Adoption of socially accepted behaviors is strictly related to self-control and metacognition. Adolescents with low self-control ability and impaired metacognition are less adaptive to social norms.


Water is literally the stuff of life. A clear understanding of present and future sources of water and of strategies for the effective management of water resources is in the interest of every country. The challenge is urgent because human population demands, as well as climate change, make once secure sources uncertain. Moreover, water projects are often large and expensive and take many years to complete, so future planning is crucial. For any one person, the ecological environment is very important, it can provide for human survival and development of material basis and the necessary variety of other conditions. Inappropriate if the ecological environment, human beings can not survive and develop. We can say that human existence and development, are dependent on a suitable environment. One element of singularity of place that remains is time (and history) manifest through architecture and the constructed environment. Two views of both cities-cross-sectional and plan-reveal very different urban morphologies. The theory is that if the pre-development distribution of in-stream flows is maintained, then the baseline capacity to transport sediment, a proxy for the geomorphic condition, will be maintained as well. A popular method of mimicking the pre-development flow regime is via flow duration control (FDC). As it turns out, storage requirements for flow duration control tend to be much larger than that for surface water treatment requirements, particularly when the storm water facilities are small, distributed facilities with simple outlet structures, such as those designed for Low Impact Development (LID) Low-impact development (LID) methods can cost less to install, have lower operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, and provide more cost-effective storm water management and water-quality services than conventional storm water controls. LID also provides ecosystem services and associated economic benefits that conventional storm water controls do not.
Keywords: Spatial strategic planning; low impact development (lid); water sensitive city; environmental sustainability; The Basin of the Salt Lake and Central Desert of Iran
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