The plc1 gene product (Plc1) of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomycespombe
(Sz. pombe) encodes a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) and
most closely resembles the δ class of the PLC isozymes. PLC hydrolyses
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) producing two second messengers,
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). The work in this
thesis is concerned with aspects of PLC signalling in Sz. pombe cells.
Sz. pombe cells lacking p1c1 (Δplc1) display a distinct phenotype. Δplc1 cells are
viable they grow slowly at 29'C (and below) on rich medium, but are unable to
grow under stressful conditions such as on minimal medium or at 37'C. Loss of
Plc1 function has been shown to cause missegregation of chromosomes and
enlarged cells with aberrant morphology (Fankhauser et al. 1995). Expression of
Plc1 in Δplc1 cells complemented for the loss of Plc1 and resulted in a wild-type
Sz. pombe phenotype.
Described in this thesis are the characterisation experiments carried out on Plc1.
Extracts prepared from wild-type Sz. pombe cells have undetectable Plc1 activity,
so an assay was designed, to measure Plc1 activity in vitro. The in vitro assay
and expression of Plc1 in Δplc1 cells formed the basis of a set of experiments
that helped identify a possible regulatory domain and roles for Plc1 in Sz. pombe
cells. Mutant forms of Plc1 were assayed in vitro to determine their level of
activity and were then expressed in Δplc1 cells to see if they were able to
complement for the loss of Plc1 activity.
Temperature sensitive mutants of Plc1 were constructed. This illustrated what
happened to a Sz. pombe cell with an active Plc1 at 23'C but when incubated at
37'C Plc1 activity is switched off. This demonstrated that cells lacking Plc1
activity could no longer divide and defects in cell wall structure began to appear.
Active site mutants of Plc1 were produced to identify whether InSP3 or DAG are
important second messengers in Sz. pombe cells. The Plc1 mutants were unable
to hydrolyse PIP2 but could hydrolyse phosphatidylinositol (PI). These mutants
hydrolyse PI producing DAG and InsP and were able to rescue the Δplc1
phenotype. This suggests that DAG production may play an important role in
regulating stress response pathways whereas InsP is recycled to produce
phosphatidylinositols.
Yeast PLCs have an extended N-terminal domain, which is not seen in any other
eukaryotic PLCs. To investigate the role of this N-terminal domain, mutants of
Plc1 and PLC-6 were constructed. They demonstrated that without the N-terminus
these mutants were active in vitro but were unable to complement for
the loss of Plc1 activity in Δplc1 cells. This indicates that the N-terminal domain
may play an important regulatory role.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of Hodgkin's lymphoma with EBV in a Turkish population using immunohistochemical detection of LMP-1. We studied a total of 21 consecutive cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma from Turkey. LMP-1 protein was detected in 9 of 21 (42.8%) cases. LMP-1 was positive in 4 of 7 (57%) mixed cellularity and 5 of 13 (38.4%) nodular sclerosis subtype. The results of the current study suggests a strong association of Epstein-Barr virus with Hodgkin's lymphoma in Turkey and, together with those reported previously showed that Epstein-Barr virus correlated with mixed cellular type, with a slight male predominancy while there was no correlation with age.


The Australian lamb industry uses breeding values to select for progeny with increased post-weaning weight at 150 days (PWWT). Accurate weight prediction is essential to provide age estimates for lambs to reach target weights, to underpin breeding values, and for assessing the influence of growth rate on factors such as intramuscular fat and myoglobin concentration of lamb muscle. As growth curves can be biased when predicting weights at the edge of the available weight data, the key aim was to develop a population based random regression model to predict lamb PWWT. This fit was compared to an individual based Brody curve fit with comparable results confirming the rigour of the model. The PWWT results were then used to assess the impact of factors such as lamb birth-type rear-type and sire PWWT breeding value on lamb weight. Multiple births were hypothesised to limit the progeny of high PWWT sires from reaching their full weight due to nutritional restriction pre-weaning. Weight data totalling 164,797 observations was collected from 17,525 lambs across eight sites and five years of the Sheep Cooperative Research Centre Information Nucleus Flock. A Bayesian linear mixed model was fitted to the live weight data with fixed effects for site, year of birth, gender, birth type-rear type, age of dam, sire type, darn breed within sire type, sire PWWT as a covariate and random terms for sire, dam by drop and individual. Lamb PWWT was then analysed in a linear mixed model of similar structure. In line with our hypothesis, the weight of singles, twins and triplets at 150 days increased by 9.43, 6.67 and 3.68 kg across the 23 kg PWWT range (P<0.05) confirming that multiple births limit the full expression of weight potential.


Until the release of Revenue Ruling 88-76, only two states adopted limited liability company legislation, Wyoming in 1977 and Florida in 1982. In 1975, Alaska rejected adoption of the first limited liability company legislation based on concerns regarding the tax classification of a limited liability company. When those concerns were resolved in Revenue Ruling 88-76, all fifty states and the District of Columbia adopted legislation by 1996, only eight years later. However, Revenue Ruling 88-76 did not resolve whether a single member limited liability company should be classified as a sole proprietorship or a corporation. That matter was not resolved until 1997 with the release of the check-the-box regulations. Again, within a few years all states had amended their limited liability company legislation to permit a single member limited liability company. Further still, while Delaware adopted series limited liability company legislation in 1996, the check-the-box regulations did not address the classification of a series within a limited liability company. Since 1996 only six other states have followed suit. The 2008 release of Private Letter Ruling 200803004 classifying a series in the same manner as any other business entity under the check-the-box regulations signals a potential amendment of those regulations to embrace the series. If so, once again, all remaining states might be expected to provide for a series. These enormous events raise important transparency questions regarding where disregarded entities exist for state law purposes. Stated another way, what is the state of member status liability in these forms. As this Article explores, the tax classification and state statutory amendments have given rise to a proliferation of these forms while failing to address fundamental state law liability concerns that separate owners from the obligations in these forms.


ABSTRACT - There were not many opportunities for music perception and cognition research during the first half of the 20th century. The author traces the development of the field from a bare landscape to a discipline with journals, laboratories, institutions, meetings and societies worldwide, with particular emphasis on developments in Canada. The story is told from the personal viewpoint of the author describing her education and experiences in music and psychology. The author discusses the influence on her own work of early researchers in the field, as well as her collaborations with many prominent music perception and cognition researchers. EARLY YEARS (1939"!95O) When I started out in the field of psychology, the landscape for music perception and cognition was very bare. There were no dedicated journals, laboratories, institutions, meetings, and societies world wide as there are today. Canada has been a foremost component of this development. I have been asked to relate my personal experiences from these early times in Canada to present times. I was brought up in a musical household in Winnipeg, Manitoba where music has always held a central place in the city's cultural activities. Since the turn of the 20th century, Winnipeg had developed a strong choral tradition under the influence of many British choirmasters, organists and composers who chose to settle in the city. Later, after World War II, arriving European musicians enhanced the instrumental scene with solo performance and chamber music. Musical theatre was also important. My mother, a choreographer, worked with Winnipeg theatre groups including university operetta productions - all of the Gilbert and Sullivans, even the least well known, and later, Broadway musicals. My aunt was director of music for the Winnipeg school system, director of the Daniel Mclntyre Alumni Choir, and at a later time, president of the Canadian Music Educators Association. The music program in the schools, both choral and instrumental, was extensive. My father, a Winnipeg lawyer and alderman, died when I was five and my sister Melba was two. I do remember him well; the offices of Sullivan and Cuddy overlooked one of the main streets of Winnipeg and as children we were taken in winter to watch civic parades in relative comfort and warmth. The Cuddys, with a few notable exceptions such as Jim Cuddy of Blue Rodeo fame, were not professional musicians. However, love of music, singing, and church choirs were of foremost importance. When I visit relatives in Ireland, I am delighted to see the younger generation gaining top marks in music exams. A major activity was participation in the annual Manitoba (now the Winnipeg) Music Competition Festival, the first Canadian music competition affiliated with the Federation of British Music Festivals. In those days, by tradition, the adjudicators were brought from Britain. The festival was, and still is, held over several weeks and is one of the largest music festivals in Canada. I recall that the evening competitions of finalists attracted an enthusiastic authence that packed the Winnipeg Auditorium. My piano teacher was Miss Jean Broadfoot, who had studied with Leonard Heaton (of the Busoni line of piano pedagogy) and in London with Harold Samuel (of the Moscheles line). "Broadie" was demanding but fiercely supportive of her students. Through her mentoring, I won the Intermediate Piano trophy and I accompanied numerous choirs, instrumentalists and voice students at the festival. I also performed solo pieces at various concerts and performed with Bill Cuddy (also a Jean Broadfoot pupil) the Carnival of the Animals with the Winnipeg Symphony in the season of 1954/55. Another influence on my early life was a great aunt - a Victorian lady who had decided after marrying at 18 that she was in permanently frail health. At some point before she was married Auntie studied virtuoso technique with a pupil of Leschetizky; I well remember her flawless home performances of Liszt, Chopin, numerous orchestral transcriptions, and so on. …


Ruthenium nanoparticles (2.6 nm) uniformly dispersed on a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected hierarchical porous N-doped carbon (Ru/NHPC) have been successfully developed, serving as a highly active and stable catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of aromatics under mild conditions. A novel "leavening" strategy, i.e. using biomass-derived α-cellulose as a carbon precursor and ammonium oxalate as both a nitrogen source and foaming agent, affords the NHPC material a large surface area (870 m2 g−1), an excellent hierarchical nanostructure which acts as a convenient mass transfer channel and a high ability in stabilizing and dispersing Ru nanoparticles. The Ru/NHPC catalyst exhibits a substantially enhanced activity for the hydrogenation of toluene (TOF up to 39 000 h−1) and quinoline (TOF up to 2858 h−1) in comparison with Ru/HPC (3D-hierarchical porous carbon without nitrogen doping) and Ru/AC (commercial activated carbon) under the same reaction conditions. Further investigations indicate that the 3D interconnected porous structure and N-doping contribute to the improved diffusion and mass transfer, homogeneous dispersion of ruthenium nanoparticles and high percentage of Ru0 (active sites), which results in considerable catalytic performance. This work offers great potential for the application of supported catalysts based on NHPC materials in fine chemical production with high activity.


One might expect that a perception of obesity being a risk factor and disease, contributes to effective obesity prevention and management strategies. However, obesity rates continue to increase worldwide. The question arises whether obesity is truly perceived as a risk factor and a disease. This paper aims at describing perception of obesity as risk factor and disease among individuals seeking care, individuals not seeking care, the society, and different professionals having a role in the field of obesity. The paper is a reflection of the lecture on the topic that was given at the EASO's New Investigators United's Summer School 2016 in Portugal and the discussion with the new investigators and other senior speakers. Individual obese patients seeking help are very much aware of obesity being a risk factor and disease, but perceptions regarding obesity seem to be flawed among those who do not seek help for obesity. Also, misperceptions regarding obesity play a role at different levels, including society, different political levels, the fields of health care and social work, prevention organizations, and the food and marketing industry. The food and marketing industry has an enormous role in changing perceptions by the society and policy makers. Obesity rates will continue to increase as long as individuals, the society, and professionals at different levels have false interpretations of the severity of obesity. Severe action is needed against those who are playing a role in maintaining false perceptions of obesity as a risk factor and disease.


In 2020-21, lawsuits have been filed raising antitrust complaints in state and federal district court by coalitions of state attorneys general, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission, and private firms against four large American technology companies, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. In this paper, I review the complaints and the criteria that will be used by judges and juries to assess whether Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google engaged in anticompetitive conduct. The courts will use the consumer welfare standard, rule of reason analysis, and other legal precedents in antitrust law and competition policy to prove harm. In each case, the courts will ask litigants to present evidence and develop theories of market definition, market concentration, market structure, and exclusionary agreements for different components of the digital economy.


The study explores the utility of a hospital information system in producing statistics on multiple causes of death. The study period is 10 years, from 1998-2007 and the study data were obtained from the University Teaching Hospital in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The study found the data rich in multiple causes of death, with the average causes per death being 6.2 for males and 6.3 for females. For the study period , diseases of the circulatory system had the highest number of mentions among males (29.6%) and among females (29.6%). This supports what is known about the epidemiologic transition in Saudi Arabia, that non-communicable diseases have now become the leading causes of death. However, this perspective does not emerge the national statistics system which is based on completed death certificates. According to that system, ill-defined causes were the leading causes of death in 2006. The study calls for an increase in the role of hospital information system in the production of national statistics on causes of death in Saudi Arabia.


PURPOSE
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and TSP2 are matricellular proteins that have been shown to regulate cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Both TSP1 and TSP2 are found in the trabecular meshwork (TM). In cadaver eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), TSP1 is increased in one third of patients. We hypothesized that TSP1 and TSP2 participate in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods. IOPs of TSP1-null, TSP2-null mice, and their corresponding wild-type (WT) mice were measured using a commercial rebound tonometer. Fluorophotometric measurements assessed aqueous turnover. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by optical coherence tomography. Iridocorneal angles were examined using light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

RESULTS
Average IOPs of TSP1-null and TSP2-null mice were 10% and 7% less than that of the corresponding WT mice, respectively. CCTs were 6.5% less in TSP1-null mice (P < 0.05) and 1.1% less in TSP2-null mice (P > 0.05). Fluorophotometric measurements suggest that aqueous turnover rates in TSP1-null and TSP2-null mice are greater than those of WT mice. LM of the TSP1-null and TSP2-null iridocorneal angles reveals morphology, which is indistinguishable from that of their corresponding WTs. IF revealed possible concurrent underexpression of TSP2 in TSP1-null mice and of TSP1 in TSP2-null mice. TEM revealed larger collagen fibril diameters in TSP1-null and TSP2-null mice compared with WTs.

CONCLUSIONS
TSP1-null and TSP2-null mice have lower IOPs than their WT counterparts. The rate of aqueous turnover suggests that the mechanism is enhanced outflow facility. An alteration in the extracellular matrix may contribute to this finding.


ABSTRACT Decreased motivation is often noted as a consequence of cannabis use (CU). Previous work has yielded mixed findings, relied mostly on adult samples, and varied to the extent that it accounted for potential confounds. This study examines associations between CU and several motivation indices among adolescents. We hypothesized that regular cannabis users would report lower motivation than light users, and that greater lifetime and past 30-day CU amounts would be associated with decreased motivation. Participants were 79 adolescents, ages 14–18, classified as recent regular cannabis users (n = 36) or light users (n = 43). Frequency and amount of substance use were assessed across participants' lifetime and during the past 30 days. Motivation was measured through the Apathy Evaluation Scale and Motivation and Engagement Scale. To examine associations between CU and our motivation indices, we conducted a series of two-step hierarchical multiple regressions. Variables found to correlate with any motivation measure were entered on step 1 (e.g., mental health, other substance use) and the relevant CU variable was entered on step 2. After controlling for confounds, no significant differences were observed between regular and light users on any motivation index, p > .01. Similarly, no associations between motivation and lifetime or past 30-day CU amount were observed, p > .01. Our findings do not support a link between reduced motivation and CU among adolescents after controlling for relevant confounds. Future studies will examine the levels of CU which influence motivation in adolescents, and the conditions under which this link becomes manifest.


High-skilled workers are four times more likely to migrate than low-skilled workers. This skill bias in migration – often called brain drain – has been at the center of a heated debate about the welfare consequences of emigration from developing countries. In this paper, we provide a global perspective on the brain drain by jointly quantifying its impact on the sending and receiving countries. In a calibrated multi-country model, we compare the current world to a counterfactual with the same number of migrants, but those migrants are randomly selected from their country of origin. We find that the skill bias in migration significantly increases welfare in most receiving countries. Moreover, due to a more efficient global allocation of talent, the global welfare effect is positive, albeit some sending countries lose. Overall, our findings suggest that more – not less – high-skilled migration would increase world welfare.


Benzimidazole scaffolds are structural isosteres of naturally occurring nucleotides which allows them to interact with the biopolymers and enzymatic sites of living systems. The aim of this present work is to synthesize selected 2-alkanamino-benzimidazole derivatives in order to investigate their antimicrobial efficiency for possible future drug development. The series of targeted compounds were conventionally synthesized in good to excellent yields via [4+1]-cyclo-addition of o-phenylenediamine with some L-amino acid and purified by recrystallization or column chromatography where necessary. The chemical structures were confirmed by physico-chemical and spectral data which include UV, IR, 1Hand 13C-NMR. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives were determined on six bacteria isolates alongside with gentamycin standard drug using agar diffusion method. The synthesized compounds showed broader activities spectrum than gentamycin and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanamine, 10a emerged as the most potent. Based on the versatility of the synthetic pathway and improved antibacterial activity, these compounds are recommended as good candidates for further studies in terms of MIC test, toxicity profile as some of them might pave way in the pharmaceutical research for future drug design.


The development of an innovative product that will be widely accepted on the market is not just a question of creating innovative ideas and providing suitable functionality but also of good timing. In the last years we have seen a substantial increase in interest into e-mobility and many producers have already recognized and ventured into this niche with high rewards. E-bikes are also an emerging product in this field, which have gained a lot of interest in the last years, and are becoming widely demanded globally. Being involved in the R&D process of a similar product, namely a central drive e-bike, in collaboration with several industrial partners we have gained deep insight into the challenges of entering a by now fairly mature market with a new, high quality and competitive product. The development methodology was first based on a thorough benchmarking process and the elaboration of a functional structure that precisely describes the technical problem. This way we could identify the main functions that such a product has to fulfil and pinpoint the areas and technologies that proved to be the most critical in achieving a robust and safe system. Following the so called golden loop approach we could implement a systematical design process, where the key functional requirements could be successfully fulfilled, enabling the formation of a fully operative technical system. We focus here especially on the mechanical part of the product, i.e. the drive system and housing as this was also found to be the most challenging part of the whole development process. Due to the very demanding requirements put forth by the customer many severe challenges emerged, which could only be solved by a structured development methodology and very coordinate iterative process between all the partners. Several cues can be outlined from the experience we gained, that can serve as a guideline for the development of competitive emobility products.


Study Skills for Social Workers offers an accessible insight into the practical use of skills for study in a professional social work context. Engaging with students on their journey through the undergraduate or postgraduate qualifying course, it uses relevant case material from academic and social work perspectives to demonstrate the connection between study and practice. The book is comprehensive in its coverage of the core study skills, including guidance on:

- Effective writing

- Successful communication

- Reflective study

- E-learning

- Learning in the workplace

- Understanding feedback.

Written in a student-friendly style, Study Skills for Social Workers is interspersed with activities and exercises to enable students to practice and improve their skills as they move through the text. Also included is a glossary, and model answers to sample questions.


textabstractPart 1 provides the aims of the studies (chapter 1) and a general overview and
discussion of the current literature of metabolic, endocrine and nutritional aspects in
critically ill children (chapter 2).
In Part 2 the clinical use of an indirect calorimeter is tested and validated for use in
critically ill mechanically ventilated children.
In chapter 3 a new indirect calorimeter is tested in a laboratory setting using a ventilated
lung model and a butane burner system to determine the accuracy of the calorimeter
for use in young infants and children. The influence of low tidal volumes and low
levels of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production with different levels of
inspired oxygen concentrations is investigated.
[n chapter 4 it is questioned how accurately total daily energy expenditure of
mechanically ventilated pediatric patients can be estimated from measurement periods
. of less than 24 hours. In addition, the influence of tube leakage on energy expenditure
measurements is determined.
In Part 3 the clinical use of the indirect calorimeter is tested in mechanically ventilated
children.
In chapter 5 using indirect calorimetry the following issues were studied:
1 What are the actual energy needs are for critically ill mechanically ventilated
children?
2 What is the relation between the measured energy needs and equations predicting
energy expenditure based on age and weight used for healthy children?
3 What is the relation between the ratio energy intake/measured energy and the
nitrogen balance as a measure for underfeeding?
In chapter 6 indirect calorimetry is used to get answer on the questions:
1 How are substrates administered with nutritional support utilized in a critically ill
child?
2 Does the amount of nutritional support influences the nitrogen balance?
3 Can the difference between the measured respiratory quotient and the respiratory
quotient calculated from the administered nutrients be used as a predictor of
over- or underfeeding?
In Part 4 the time course and variability of endocrine and metabolic parameters are
studied in children with meningococcal sepsis (chapter 7). The purpose of this study
is to evaluate the time course of the endocrine and metabolic responses of children
during the first 48 hours of admission on the pediatric intensive care. Furthermore,
we try to identify parameters that can be used to predict return to anabolic metabolism
as an important prerequisite to tailor and improve nutritional support.
Part 5 is the final part with discussions of the results from the previoLis studies
(chapter 8). It provides recommendations for metabolic, endocrine and nutritional
assessment of the critically ill child, while future perspective studies are suggested.


The contribution of American economist, A . Dale Tussing, to the penetration of Ir i sh policy paradigms governing the funding of education is presented as a case study of how a cult ura l stranger can, by a process of cultural mirroring and deconstruction, influence the cultural understanding of the-educational process in an indigenous society. I n relation to the funding of education, Tussing succeeded in making public existing assumptions, advanced a reconceptualisation of the benefits of schooling, suggested principles for guiding funding decisions, proposed values of equity and justice and added stratification and elitism to the terminology of concern in public educational discourse. Why it should fall to a cultural stranger to provide such an experience in cultural illumination for us is explored in relation to the influence of corporatist policy making on educational discourse. Suggestions for a more paradigmatically-open analysis of education are made in relation to the Green Paper on Education, Education for a Changing


In two‐domain schematizations of macroporous soils or fractured rock systems, lateral mass exchange between macropores and the soil matrix is generally modeled as an apparent first‐order process. With respect to lateral diffusion, the system is thus characterized by a single parameter, the transfer rate coefficient, which is difficult to estimate a priori. We conducted water infiltration experiments in a laboratory column with an artificial macropore. The novel design of the experimental setup allowed us to discriminate between matrix flow and macropore flow, from which we could estimate the water exchange flux between the two domains. Most of the parameters in a dual‐permeability model could be determined independently of the experimental data. In particular, a theoretical expression for the transfer rate coefficient was derived by assuming lateral water and solute diffusion to be similar processes. Numerical analysis of the water exchange process revealed that the transfer coefficient depended also on the macropore conductivity. When this dependency was taken into account, the model reproduced the experimental data reasonably well.


We have used whole-mount immunofluorescence microscopy of late-stage Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos to examine the organization of their cortical cytokeratin systems. In both mature oocytes and early embryos, there is a distinct animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization. In mature (stage-VI) oocytes, the cytokeratin filaments of the vegetal region form a unique, almost geodesic network; in the animal region, cytokeratin organization appears much more variable and irregular. In unfertilized, postgerminal vesicle breakdown eggs, the cortical cytokeratin system is disorganized throughout both animal and vegetal hemispheres. After fertilization, cytokeratin organization reappears first in a punctate pattern that is transformed into an array of oriented filaments. These cytokeratin filaments appear first in the vegetal hemisphere and are initially thin. Subsequently, they form bundles that grow thicker through the period of first to second cleavage, at which point large cytokeratin filament bundles form a loose, fishnet-like system that encompasses the vegetal portion of each blastomere. In the animal region, cytokeratin filaments do not appear to form large fibre networks, but rather appear to be organized into a system of fine filaments. The animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization persists until early blastula (stage 5); in later-stage embryos, both animal and vegetal blastomeres possess qualitatively similar cytokeratin filament systems. The entire process of cytokeratin reorganization in the egg is initiated by prick activation. These observations indicate that the cortical cytoskeleton of Xenopus oocytes and early embryos is both dynamic and asymmetric.


Dissociative experiences, traditionally studied in relation to trauma and PTSD, may be important phenomena across many different psychological conditions, including as a contributory causal factor for psychotic experiences. In this study, the aim was to explore, using network approaches, how dissociative experiences taking the form of a Felt Sense of Anomaly (FSA) relate to both common mental health conditions and psychotic experiences. 6941 individuals from the general population completed online assessments of FSA-dissociation, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, depression, insomnia, worry, distress tolerance, hallucinations, grandiosity, paranoia, and cognitive disorganization. An undirected partial correlation network analysis was used to explore the network structure, then Bayesian inference with Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) was used to identify potential directions of relationships between dissociation and mental health symptoms. Dissociation was found to be highly connected in both network models. Both networks found direct relationships between dissociation and hallucinations, grandiosity, paranoia, cognitive disorganization, anxiety, depression, and PTSS. In the DAGs analysis, the direction of influence between dissociation and hallucinations, PTSS, anxiety and depression was unclear, however it was found to be probable that dissociation influences paranoia (97.66% of sampled DAGs found the direction dissociation to paranoia, versus 2.34% finding the reverse direction), cognitive disorganization (99.74% vs. 0.26%), and grandiosity (93.49% vs. 6.51%). Further, dissociation was found to be a probable influence of insomnia and distress tolerance via indirect pathways. In summary, dissociation is connected to many mental health disorders, and may influence a number of presentations, particularly psychotic experiences. The importance of dissociation in mental health may therefore currently be under-recognised.


The Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors are contained in this volume. A record 1050 scientists from 40 countries participated in the Conference which was held in San Francisco August 6*1 0, 1984. The Conference was organized by the ICPS Committee and sponsored by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics and other professional, government, and industrial organizations listed on the following pages. Papers representing progress in all aspects of semiconductor physics were presented. Far more abstracts (765) than could be presented in a five-day meeting were considered by the International Program Committee. A total of 350 papers, consisting of 5 plenary, 35 invited, and 310 contributed, were presented at the Conference in either oral or poster sessions. All but a few of the papers were submitted and have been included in these Proceedings. An interesting shift in subject matter, in comparison with earlier Conferences, is manifested by the large number of papers on surfaces, interfaces, and quantum wells. To facilitate the use of the Proceedings in finding closely related papers among the sometimes relatively large number of contributions within a main subject area, we chose not to arrange the papers strictly according to the Conference schedule. We have organized the book, as can be seen from the Contents, into specific subcategories and subdivisions within each major category. Plenary and invited papers have been placed together with the appropriate contributed papers.


The optical consequences of the violation of thermodynamic equilibrium in a crystal are investigated. If this violation occurs it may lead to breaking of time reversibility. As a result of this the internal symmetry of the optical susceptibility tensors changes and new "forbidden" tensor components arise. This gives way to some forbidden specular polarization phenomena in optics, observation of which may be used for diagnostics of the crystal equilibrium. The wave theory of normal reflection from a crystal interface including consideration of the role of the forbidden components is developed. Two mechanisms for forbidden specular polarization effects are identified, one due to the appearance of a contribution to the dielectric tensor which is antisymmetric under interchange of tensor indices, and another associated with the symmetric contribution to the nonlocal optical response. Crystal point group analysis shows that, depending on crystal class, forbidden specular polarization effects may be seen with or without a background of "conventional" optical activity. The physical conditions for their observation are discussed and recent polarization-sensitive experiments in optically excited GaAs crystals are explained in terms of the developed theory. It is also shown how this approach may be used for the description of time-reversal-symmetry-breaking specular optical activity in the superconducting phase of high-Tc cuprate materials.


Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in South Africa. Approximately 20-30% of patients with epilepsy have physically, socially and medically disabling seizure disorders. Such patients are at an increased risk of cognitive disorders, depression, physical trauma and sudden death. The management of epilepsy focuses on controlling seizures, avoiding treatment-related side-effects and maintaining or restoring quality of life. Two thirds of people with active epilepsy control their epilepsy satisfactorily with antiepileptic drugs. Other treatment approaches include surgery, if treatment with antiepileptic drugs is ineffective. Optimal management improves health-related outcomes and may also help to minimise other, often detrimental, impacts on social, educational and employment activity.


Highly rated by First Aid for the USMLE ! The gold standard for learning anatomy...Atlas of Anatomy, Second Edition, is the essential resource for anyone studying gross anatomy. Packed with over 2,400 full-color illustrations, this atlas guides you step-by-step through each region of the body, helping you master the details of anatomy. Key Features: * Exquisite full-color illustrations with clear, thorough labeling and descriptive captions * Even more clinical correlations help students make the connection between anatomy and medicine * Coverage of each region intuitively arranged to simplify learning: beginning with the skeletal framework, then adding muscles, organs, vasculature, and nerves, and concluding with "topographic" illustrations that put it all together * Over 170 tables summarize key anatomic information for ease of study and review * Innovative, user-friendly format in which each two-page spread is a self-contained guide to a topic * Surface anatomy spreads now include regions and reference lines or planes in addition to landmarks and palpable structures to develop physical exam skills * Muscle Fact spreads ideal for memorization, reference, and review organize the essentials about muscles, including origin, insertion, innervation, and action * New sectional anatomy spreads at the end of units build familiarity with 2D views of anatomic regions * Access to WinkingSkull.com PLUS, with over 500 images from the book for "labels-on and labels-off" review and timed self-tests for exam preparation Atlas of Anatomy is the student's choice: "Thieme is the best anatomy atlas by far, hands down. Clearer pictures, more pictures, more realistic pictures, structures broken up in ways that make sense and shown from every angle...includes clinical correlations and summary charts of innervations and actions. That's about all there is to it. Just buy it. Thank you Thieme!!! Ok, now back to studying..." "In my opinion this book surpasses them all. It's the artwork. The artist has found the perfect balance of detail and clarity. Some of these illustrations have to be seen to be believed...The pearls of clinical information are very good and these add significance to the information and make it easier to remember. Easier to remember is key."


This paper is produce to find the internet users preferences for social media marketing. For this purpose, Kierzkowski et al. (1996) study questionnaire's three segments (attract, engage and retain) were adopted and made required changes according to find the customer's response. The results shows that 'mnemonic branding', 'promotions', 'piggyback advertising' and 'adequate bandwidth' are the best tools to attract customers. In engagement segment results interpretation, 'lucky draws/contests', 'informative and useful content', 'transaction capabilities', and' creative programming' are the preferred perceived tools by respondents. Retain segment analysis states that 'security features', 'dynamic content', 'rapid information loading time' and 'provide online order tracking' in websites assist the business to retain their customers. Study revealed that businesses should invest more on online contents of websites, because fast pace living style enable customers to attach more to cyber world and they preferred to be the part of virtual globe.


Long time-horizon environmental risks with potential for global impacts have increased in visibility over the past several decades. Such issues as climate change, the nuclear fuel cycle, persistent synthetic chemicals, and stratospheric ozone depletion share some characteristics, including inter generational impacts, strongly decoupled incidence of risks and benefits, substantial decision stakes and extreme uncertainty. What is not well understood are the similarities and differences among sources and implications of uncertainty among these global environmental threats, especially those associate with current and future human behavior. This describes the uncertainties associated with managing two global concerns: the nuclear (fission) fuel cycle and anthropogenic climate change. It finds that the two issue share some common uncertainties, some highly differentiated uncertainties and some interdependent uncertainty. It argues that these uncertainties preclude simple conclusions about the tradeoffs between risks from anthropogenic climate change and those from nuclear power. It concludes that a framework that treats uncertainty as an aspect of management, not as an analytical challenge, will both improve options for effective policy making and provide direction for useful (from a policy perspective) future research.


Nurses play a pivotal role in the care of chronic patients. In consequence, innovations relating to the nursing practice as a liaison nurse and care for chronic patients are being implemented in many countries to produce new forms of health care model. These innovations often aim to break care gap and deliver long term after care for chronic patients. Long term after care means a shift of care givers responsibilities and tasks from hospital to patients home that qualitatively good care is provided by the most appropriate health care provider at the lowest cost level. Implementing transitional care model show that it is indeed possible to decrease rates of re-hospitalization also duration of hospitalization of chronic patients. Patients and loved ones are better able to manage their care independently and their quality of life will be promoted. Improved coordination of care leads to better communication and improved satisfaction ratings between patients and healthcare providers. Also improve quality of care and decrease health care costs. In this paper author try to introduces a new model of nursing care, especially in patients with chronic diseases that will full care gap between hospital and home. Also the author suggests the positive and effective role of the liaison nurse in promote of quality of life of the patients with chronic diseases in this new model of care.


This thesis studied the implementation of new Continuous Integration tool by focusing on existing problems and possible arising problems when implementing the new Continuous Integration tool. The thesis supported a project run by one international software development company with the main goal of replacing the current Continuous Integration tool from CruiseControl.NET with some more suitable alternative tool. The purpose of this thesis was to research about the topic and the existing tool to support the project in the implementation of the new Continuous Integration tool. On the literature review, first the current state of Continuous Integration tool in the company was discussed. Then the literature review focused on the research about Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment. Alternative Continuous Integration tools were also studied as the company had two Continuous Integration tools to choose from: Bamboo and Jenkins. The problems of the current Continuous Integration tool in the company were studied by conducting a survey. This survey was based on existing studies on the problems of Continuous Integration tools. Pilot testing and reviews also had impact on the final survey. 37 people out of the target population (89) participated in the survey. Survey results showed that those 37 people had different background but most of them had a long history in the company. Some participants did not answer all of the questions. Two lists of issues were created by analyzing the survey results: Issues of current Continuous Integration tool and Issues when implementing new Continuous Integration tool. Two biggest issues from the list of issues of the current Continuous Integration tool were Lack of hardware and Build duration. Solution for these is that better hardware solves the Lack of hardware and improves the build duration with better hardware capacity and parallelization. Two biggest issues from the list of issues when implementing new Continuous Integration tool were Resistance to change and Lack of knowledge. The findings from past research suggest that implementing new Continuous Integration tool requires change of work of everyone to actually work. The solution for Lack of knowledge was that training is required for employees to actually know the way of using the new Continuous Integration tool. Suggested solutions were based on existing research and on the survey results. The study provided two lists of Continuous Integration tool problems and proposals for possible solutions for those. The results can be used for selecting Continuous Integration tool as the study compared the results between Bamboo and Jenkins. Comprehensive study on the problems of Continuous Integration tool and the comparison of Continuous Integration tools provided reasoned support for the project of the company.


SETTING
In 2011, Ethiopia introduced a strategy of symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) screening for patients attending out-patient services to increase identification of presumptive TB.

OBJECTIVE
To assess implementation and factors affecting symptomatic TB screening at out-patient departments in health centres in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

DESIGN
Using a cross-sectional study design, 86 randomly selected public health centres providing DOTS were included in the study. Data were captured by reviewing TB registers and interviewing key informants at out-patient services.

RESULTS
Of 86 health centres, 24 (28%) had poor symptomatic TB screening practices, defined as screening <80% of attending out-patients. Having an actively functioning multidisciplinary health centre team to assess TB services (aOR 2.29, 95%CI 2.23-30.80) and partner support for TB activities (aOR 4.84, 95%CI 1.05-22.40) were associated with higher TB screening rates, whereas availability of antiretroviral therapy was negatively associated. In all health centres combined, 1.6% of out-patient department attendees were identified as having presumptive TB.

CONCLUSION
A quarter of health centres had poor symptomatic TB screening practices in the out-patient services in this study. Strengthening multidisciplinary teams and expanding partner support are recommended to improve TB screening practices at out-patient services in Ethiopia.


Microplastics enter the environment as a result of larger plastic items breaking down ('secondary') and from particles originally manufactured at that size ('primary'). Personal care products are an important contributor of secondary microplastics (typically referred to as 'microbeads'), for example in toothpaste, facial scrubs and soaps. Consumers play an important role in influencing the demand for these products and therefore any associated environmental consequences. Hence we need to understand public perceptions in order to help reduce emissions of microplastics. This study explored awareness of plastic microbeads in personal care products in three groups: environmental activists, trainee beauticians and university students in South West England. Focus groups were run, where participants were shown the quantity of microbeads found in individual high-street personal care products. Qualitative analysis showed that while the environmentalists were originally aware of the issue, it lacked visibility and immediacy for the beauticians and students. Yet when shown the amount of plastic in a range of familiar everyday personal care products, all participants expressed considerable surprise and concern at the quantities and potential impact. Regardless of any perceived level of harm in the environment, the consensus was that their use was unnatural and unnecessary. This research could inform future communications with the public and industry as well as policy initiatives to phase out the use of microbeads. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Marine Pollution Bulletin xxx (2016) xxx-xxx


Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a key issue in ocean engineering design. Numerous deep water structures can experience VIV when exposed to marine currents due to the shedding of vortices downstream of the structure, causing vibration in both the in-line and cross flow directions. This thesis presents an experimental approach that models the motions association with the excitation of a marine riser by considering the combined in-line and cross flow motions excitation of a flexible cylinder. Under the lock-in phenomena, where the vortex shedding frequency approaches the effective natural frequency, large motion amplitudes can be observed. The vibration of a flexible structure due to VIV is related to the natural frequency of the structure (time dependence) and mode shapes (spatial frequency dependent) associated with the natural frequency. Beams, designed to become excited at the first, second and third mode in the in-line direction, were molded into a flexible cylinder with a length of 43.18 cm. High speed cameras captured image sequences over the period of 12 seconds at 250 frames per second. Using motion tracking software, both the in-line and transverse amplitudes can be displayed by plotting orbital patterns. The assumption that mode shape can influence the motions of a flexible cylinder undergoing VIV is examined. The fundamental theme throughout this work has been the effect of three different mode shapes in the in-line direction on a flexible cylinder in a free stream. The design of a symmetric mode (first and third) in the in-line direction produced regular and periodic patterns along the entire length of the cylinder for each flow speed tested. However the observations of the cylinder with the 1-2 mode ratio phenomena produced a series of unique trajectories including figure-eight, crescent, and teardrop orbital trajectories. It is shown that for the low modenumber beams tested there are three primary responses possible for the cylinder when trying to excite second mode in the in-line direction and the first mode in the cross-flow direction. This study shows that when a symmetric mode shape is designed, regular patterns are produced. When an asymmetric mode shape is designed to be excited, three unique patters are seen (a) repeatable patterns with teardrop shape,(b) repeatable patterns with figure-eight shape, and (c) random unrepeatable patterns. It was observed that the first mode was being excited in the in the in-line and cross-flow directions and the effective frequencies would remain close to each other. During the transition period between orbital patterns, a 1:2 ratio as seen in the first and third cylinders was witnessed. Random and unrepeatable patterns only occurred when the second mode was excited in the cross-flow direction.


The twentieth-century accounts of typology are often both historiographically problematic and conceptually imprecise. They reinforce an understanding of typology as mainly an interchangeable functional and graphic classification, and present Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand as a key figure of the discourse, despite him dealing with buildings according to their genre and not their organisational and structural diagrams of typology. In contrast, one can posit that all theories of type are foremost epistemological and discursive arguments. Although not prescriptive in a formal sense, they are concerned with a rational synthesis of form by thinking through conceptual and diagrammatic organisation. This diagrammatic abstraction had already become instrumental to architectural theory and history in the eighteenth century, long before the modern discourse on the diagram was consolidated in the 1990s. While the architectural diagram is regularly explained as a generic and generative description, it can equally be defined as a typological diagram specific to the architectural discipline and its production of knowledge. Clarifying the concept of type as emerging in parallel with ideas of abstraction and diagrammatic reasoning reveals a richer set of connected problems deriving from architectural practice, pedagogy and disciplinary knowledge, which permits a different framing of the historical discourse. This is explored by discussing its meaning for a distinction between typal and typological reasoning, how this arises from a problem of history and theory, and how the evolving typological discourse relates to the concepts of invention, disposition and style. Whereas historiography commonly recognises the French academics Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy and Durand, the often-overlooked Gottfried Semper and Julien-David Le Roy were central to a modern conception of architecture that developed ideas of typal and typological abstraction through historicist processes of cultural and diagrammatic reduction.


Kemmangundi forest is located in Bhadra wildlife sanctuary of central Western Ghats. Studies were conducted to determine the pteridophytic composition in Kemmangundi forest during 2009 to 2012. Present study indicated that the checklist consists of 38 taxa, of which 29 species of terrestrial, five epiphytic, one climber and six lithophytes belonging to eighteen families were documented with their diversity index. Pteridaceae stands the dominant family of the study area with eight species followed by Polypodiaceae (5), Adiantaceae and Aspleniaceae each with three species. Pteris is reported as a largest genus including eight species in study area. Arachniodes sledgei Fraser-Jenk. is followed by Pteris biaurita L., Tectaria coudunata (Wall. ex Hook. & ex Grev.) C.Chr. , Odontosoria tenuifolia (Lam.) J.Sm.and Thelypteris caudipinna Ching  the most densely populated with highest Importance value index in the study area. The Shannon's diversity index value (H 1 ) 2.97 and Simpson's diversity (D) =0.269 values for pteridophytic species in Kemmangundi forest evidencing the pteridophytes richness of the area. This is a comprehensive report of the pteridophytic diversity and distribution of Kemmangundi forest with special emphasis on composition, which will help various researchers as the sound basis for further works and conservation efforts.


There has been much recent discussion of the increasing risk of Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) and their feeder collateral, leveraged loans (LLs). The models ratings agencies use rely on similarly flawed methods in place since the mid-2000s and the nature of the collateral coupled with dramatic recent increases in risk of the underlying loans and conflicts of interest suggest that CLO ratings should be capped at a level far below AAA. Just as in 2008, the market is engaging in a collective grand illusion without adequate scrutiny of the actual risk and meaning of a AAA rating. The risk goes far beyond CLOs and permeates the larger economy. There is frothiness and irrational exuberance permeating an "Iron Triangle" of private equity firms, CLOs, and pension funds. Systemic risk may be realized through significant job losses, rising pension fund deficits, credit losses for funds, insurance companies, and banks, and significant disruption to critical industries. The risk could be on the scale of the global financial crisis (GFC). The main systemic risks include 1) Employment: Private equity-owned companies employ nearly 9 million people; 2) Pension funds: Face potential losses on existing investments and perhaps more importantly may need to revise lower future return assumptions—these factors put millions of pensions at risk; 3) Investment losses: Banks, insurance companies, and funds are exposed to CLO and/or leveraged loans and face significant potential losses; and 4) Critical industry fallout: Many industries controlled by PE companies face widespread disruption should the funding vehicles of CLOs and leveraged loans freeze up. TOPICS: CLOs, CDOs, and other structured credit; financial crises and financial market history Key Findings • This article argues that Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) do not justify AAA ratings and that there is significant systemic risk emanating from the "Iron Triangle" of CLOs, private equity (PE), and pension funds. • The AAA rating should be challenged across two broad fronts: the rating agency approach and the substantial increase in risk in the underlying leveraged loans in recent years. • Systemic risk: The Iron Triangle between CLOs, PE, and Pensions create significant systemic risk potentially on the scale of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).


"Diversity" has become a popular word across the nation, as Americans continue to grapple with race and other potentially divisive social issues. Yet often, as we pay lip service to inclusiveness, we enforce a numbing conformity reminiscent of the 1950s. As Diane Ravitch says in her book, The Language Police, in the name of sensitivity we are sanitizing the language, producing textbooks, and standardized tests so bland and inaccurate that they serve only to avoid controversy. The theory behind this is that, by changing language, we can shape thought; if children don't hear demeaning language, they're less likely to use it. Experts disagree on the validity of this idea, but, as Ravitch points out, such an approach is doomed to failure when many, if not most, young people are also exposed to movies and song lyrics that are as explicit as the school materials are circumspect. One yearns at times for a middle ground between political correctness and gangsta rap. Alexander H. Moore, Sr., African-American Blues Pianist, Dallas, Texas, Photograph by Alan Govenar, Courtesy Documentary Arts Masters of Traditional Arts: An Organic Approach to Diversity Jay F. Brakefield


Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher* A Visual Exploration of Travel Facts, Figures and Ephemera! How to Land a Jumbo Jet is your visual guide to the way we live, travel and inhabit the globe. Everything you ever needed to know about the world, brought to life and made intelligible by designers from all around the world. INFORMATION VISUALISED! * Where is the best place to experience a volcano? * How do you eat an ackee (and not get sick)? * Which edible bugs are really worth the calories? * Which nation is the proudest in the world? * Why does your luggage occasionally disappear? Authors: Written and researched by Lonely Planet, Nigel Holmes About Lonely Planet: Started in 1973, Lonely Planet has become the world's leading travel guide publisher with guidebooks to every destination on the planet, as well as an award-winning website, a suite of mobile and digital travel products, and a dedicated traveller community. Lonely Planet's mission is to enable curious travellers to experience the world and to truly get to the heart of the places where they travel. TripAdvisor Travellers' Choice Awards 2012 and 2013 winner in Favorite Travel Guide category 'Lonely Planet guides are, quite simply, like no other.' - New York Times 'Lonely Planet. It's on everyone's bookshelves; it's in every traveller's hands. It's on mobile phones. It's on the Internet. It's everywhere, and it's telling entire generations of people how to travel the world.' - Fairfax Media (Australia) *#1 in the world market share - source: Nielsen Bookscan. Australia, UK and USA. March 2012-January 2013


This paper studies stationary noncooperative equilibria in an economy with fiat money, one nondurable commodity, countably many time periods, no credit or futures market, and a measure space of agents -- who may differ in their preferences and in the distributions of their (random) endowments. These agents are immortal, and hold fiat money as a means of hedging against the random fluctuations in their endowments of the commodity. In the aggregate, these fluctuations offset each other, and equilibrium prices are constant. We carry out an equilibrium analysis that focuses on distribution of wealth, on consumption, and on price formation. A careful analysis of the one-agent, infinite-horizon optimization problem, and of the invariant measure for the associated optimally controlled Markov chain, leads by aggregation to a stationary noncooperative or competitive equilibrium. This consists of a price for the commodity and of a distribution of wealth across agents which, under appropriate simple strategies for the agents, stay fixed from period to period and preserve the basic quantities of the model. We hope that, in future work, we shall be able to address additional features of the model treated here, such as borrowing and lending at appropriate (endogenously determined) interest rates, the endogenous production of the commodity, overlapping generations of agents, and bankruptcy and treatment of creditors.


A high-quality haptic interface is typically characterized by low apparent inertia and damping, high structural stiffness, minimal backlash, and absence of mechanical singularities in the workspace. In addition to these specifications, exoskeleton haptic interface design involves consideration of space and weight limitations, workspace requirements, and the kinematic constraints placed on the device by the human arm. These constraints impose conflicting design requirements on the engineer attempting to design an arm exoskeleton. In this paper, the authors present a detailed review of the requirements and constraints that are involved in the design of a high-quality haptic arm exoskeleton. In this context, the design of a five-degree-of-freedom haptic arm exoskeleton for training and rehabilitation in virtual environments is presented. The device is capable of providing kinesthetic feedback to the joints of the lower arm and wrist of the operator, and will be used in future work for robot-assisted rehabilitation and training. Motivation for such applications is based on findings that show robot-assisted physical therapy aids in the rehabilitation process following neurological injuries. As a training tool, the device provides a means to implement flexible, repeatable, and safe training methodologies.


This project is focused on the improvement of gluten and gluten-free bakery products using a new biotechnological process based on the combined use of a protein cross-linking enzyme, microbial transglutaminase from Streptoverticillum mobaraense and, a selected microbial consortium of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts (i. e. selected strains of Lactobacillus sanfrancisciensis and Candida milleri).
The transglutaminase enzyme is studied for its ability to organize and create protein networks allowing an improvement of the structure and texture of the dough made from different flours. The microbial consortium is selected for its capacity to produce interesting metabolites which leads effect on the sensory, rheological and shelf-life features of the final product.
The novelty behind the rational plan is the evaluation of the consequence of the two biological agents in combination, exploiting the beneficial and technological effects of both. Even the use of different plant sources as a substrates, belong to cereals, pseudo-cereals and legumes allowing us to well understand significant effects in the process.
At molecular level, the proteins rearrangement after enzymatic treatment, was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical colorimetric tests. The microbiological analysis was conducted in order to study the adaptability of the microbial consortium to sourdough prepared from unconventional flours. Bacteriological cultures and microbiological methods were used. In order to evaluate the sourdough metabolic activity and the fermentation process, volatile compounds were detected and analysed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry coupled with solid-phase micro-extraction technique. Moreover, the synergic combination of transglutaminase and sourdough fermentation has been evaluated in order to define their effects on the technological properties. Rheological properties and crumb grain features were measured by Texture profile analysis (TPA), stress relaxation tests and Image analysis. Finally, allergenic potential of the processed product was determined by immunological analysis.


Cultural Differences in Russian and English Magazine Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach Emily Kay Furner Department of Linguistics and English Language, BYU Master of Arts Many American companies looking to increase sales and achieve growth targets consider expanding the reach of their product lines to other countries. However, expansion on a global scale often requires much trial and error as English-speaking companies try to market their goods to a foreign audience. In order to ease this process, localization experts are often hired to "localize" or change advertisements in order to make them more culturally relevant to consumers. Because the field of localization is relatively new, there is little research done on the degree and extent to which advertisements are localized. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural differences in advertising between Russia and the United States of America. Two different samples of print magazine advertisements were taken from beauty magazines published in Russia and America to determine how much, if any, localization is occurring in Russian media. In order to compare the different advertising strategies of Russia and the United States, 235 non-localized Russian advertisements and 128 localized advertisements were coded for several different pragmatic features that Simpson (2001) included in his "reason" and "tickle" advertising framework. The results were then analyzed through content analysis and Chi-square statistics to find what pragmatic features are characteristic of localized and non-localized Russian ads. The study found that non-localized Russian advertising places more emphasis on reasonbased persuasion strategies—most notably celebrity endorsement and extensive listing of reasons to buy a particular product. Localized Russian advertising, in contrast, uses more tickle-based persuasion tactics such as metaphor and implicature. 80% of localized Russian advertisements had little to no change in their advertising text from the English version of the advertisements, which means that the rate of localization in Russian advertising is currently low. Low rates of localization and differing persuasive techniques among the two samples signify the need for better cultural awareness in international marketing campaigns.


This Review engages Tim Wu's book, The Curse of Bigness, to explain the significance of the current rupture in antitrust and to situate it within a broader intellectual trajectory. Debates over the foundational purpose of antitrust are not new, and examining how this latest clash fits alongside previous contestations is essential for understanding what has yielded the current contestability and assessing the competing visions.

Part I of this Review summarizes Wu's chief contributions in his recent work, focusing on three tenets that form the basis of the book. Part II offers an analytic breakdown of the overhaul in antitrust doctrine that is the subject of Wu's critique, tracing the transformation of antitrust to changes in descriptive claims and normative assumptions that the Chicago School introduced. I argue that framing Chicago's interventions this way lets us map the current antitrust debate with greater coherence. Doing so, moreover, reveals the limits of proffered correctives to the Chicago School and underscores the need for what has been called a "Neo-Brandeisian" program in law and political economy. Part III argues that a central component of the Neo-Brandeisian project should include reforming the institutional structure of antitrust law and policy. Although most critiques of present-day antitrust focus on doctrinal rules and the substantive legal framework that governs antitrust analysis, the exclusive reliance on a common law approach to antitrust is a key source and enabler of current dysfunctions. Complementing this common law structure with an administrative approach and adopting clear rules that curb judicial discretion would help democratize antitrust in the ways that Wu and other reformers champion.


Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting small ruminants that causes economic losses in many countries. It is categorized together with other fatal neurodegenerative diseases as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical cases and the cause of death in a flock of sheep from Northern Cyprus (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) suspected of having scrapie. Brains from 4 sheep showing clinical signs of classical scrapie, out of a flock of 200 animals, were analyzed by histopathological examination and infective prion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 4 affected sheep were 2-3 years of age and initially showed signs of salivation. Further clinical signs included hyperirritability, excitability, grinding of teeth, scratching, head tremor, ataxia, weakness of the hind limbs, and paresis. Infective prion protein was detected by ELISA in all 4 sheep brains, and many well-defined vacuoles of different sizes were seen in the neuropil of the gray matter from the medulla oblongata, obex, caudal cerebral pedinculi, and the proximal part of medulla spinalis. After the diagnosis of scrapie, all of the animals in the flock were euthanized and buried to eradicate the disease according to EU rules. This study describes classical scrapie in sheep for the first time in Northern Cyprus.


In this paper, we present a large-scale dataset and establish a baseline for prohibited item discovery in Security Inspection X-ray images. Our dataset, named SIXray, consists of 1,059,231 X-ray images, in which 6 classes of 8,929 prohibited items are manually annotated. It raises a brand new challenge of overlapping image data, meanwhile shares the same properties with existing datasets, including complex yet meaningless contexts and class imbalance. We propose an approach named class-balanced hierarchical refinement (CHR) to deal with these difficulties. CHR assumes that each input image is sampled from a mixture distribution, and that deep networks require an iterative process to infer image contents accurately. To accelerate, we insert reversed connections to different network backbones, delivering high-level visual cues to assist mid-level features. In addition, a class-balanced loss function is designed to maximally alleviate the noise introduced by easy negative samples. We evaluate CHR on SIXray with different ratios of positive/negative samples. Compared to the baselines, CHR enjoys a better ability of discriminating objects especially using mid-level features, which offers the possibility of using a weakly-supervised approach towards accurate object localization. In particular, the advantage of CHR is more significant in the scenarios with fewer positive training samples, which demonstrates its potential application in real-world security inspection.


For commercial Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) deployments it is necessary to estimate the network lifetime. It must be possible before network deployment to determine how long a network maintains operational before maintenance is required and batteries have to be replaced. Unfortunately, node lifetime is very dependent on the radio environment in which the node is operated. As we will demonstrate in this paper the node lifetime in a very busy radio environment can be up to 11 times shorter than in a quiet environment. WSNs employ duty-cycled communication protocols where receivers periodically sample the channel to determine if it has to remain active to receive a message. Radio interference triggers the receive mechanism causing an unnecessary wake-up which leads to an increase in a node's energy consumption. In this paper we present a method for estimating node energy consumption in a target radio environment. We describe how to capture the essential characteristics of the radio environment and how to use this information to predict node lifetime. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed method using the well known WSN communication protocol ContikiMAC. Our evaluation comprising real-world scenarios shows that the proposed method is able to accurately predict node lifetime.


With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, courts around the world rapidly shifted to remote hearings. Balancing public health directives with the need to continue upholding the rule of law, what followed was the largest, unforeseen mass-pilot of remote hearings across the world. For courts this was necessarily a time of action, not reflection. However, after having maintained court operations, it is now necessary to reflect on the experience of remote courts and their users during an otherwise unprecedented situation. Unlike previous iterations of remote hearings, the COVID-19 experience was fully remote – whereby all participants took part in the hearing remotely. The difficulty is until now, almost no prior empirical data has existed on this type of fully remote hearing with the majority of previous research focused on the use of audiovisual links ('AVLs') to facilitate partially remote appearances within courtrooms. To bridge the research and data gap on fully remote hearings, this article draws on the previous body of literature to both examine the COVID-19 experience, and to assist in guiding future research and use of remote hearings. © 2021, University of New South Wales Law Journal. All rights reserved.


In this paper, we examine a class of non-convex stochastic optimization problems which we call variationally coherent, and which properly includes pseudo-/quasiconvex and star-convex optimization problems. To solve such problems, we focus on the widely used stochastic mirror descent (SMD) family of algorithms (which contains stochastic gradient descent as a special case), and we show that the last iterate of SMD converges to the problem's solution set with probability 1. This result contributes to the landscape of non-convex stochastic optimization by clarifying that neither pseudo-/quasi-convexity nor star-convexity is essential for (almost sure) global convergence; rather, variational coherence, a much weaker requirement, suffices. Characterization of convergence rates for the subclass of strongly variationally coherent optimization problems as well as simulation results are also presented.


The idea that extreme trading activity contains information about the future evolution of stock prices is investigated. We find that stocks experiencing unusually high (low) trading volume over a day or a week tend to appreciate (depreciate) over the course of the following month. We argue that this "high-volume return premium" is consistent with the idea that shocks in the trading activity of a stock affect its visibility, and in turn the subsequent demand and price for that stock. Return autocorrelations, firm announcements, market risk, and liquidity do not seem to explain our results. Copyright The American Finance Association 2001.


Activist hedge funds have begun experimenting with a novel practice in corporate governance: offering their candidates for the board of directors millions of dollars in bonus pay through a device known as a "golden leash." Such arrangements, which are highly controversial, award directors for accomplishing activist objectives. An emerging body of work views the golden leash through the same polarized lens as activism itself: either the leash locks directors in to a self-serving, "short-termist" agenda, or it creates incentives for them to be better advocates for shareholders. This binary framing obscures some of the golden leash's most promising qualities.Though associated with shareholder activists, the golden leash belongs to a larger class of well-established, mainstream legal structures that reduce agency costs and increase expertise at individual firms by, paradoxically, tying directors to multiple firms. These structures include corporate governance innovations in two other areas of the capital markets, the venture capital ecosystem and the practice of corporate directors sharing information with outside entities. Like the golden leash, both of these models create overlapping obligations for directors. Yet these arrangements are welcomed by scholars, courts, and firms on the grounds that they improve enterprise value and corporate governance by quietly blending loyalties, notwithstanding the fact that they also make conflicts of interest more likely.The golden leash thus follows in a coherent, if unheralded, tradition of structures that forge ultraclose bonds between directors and outside shareholders. This Article argues that the risks posed by this blending of duties should be discounted by the availability of mechanisms to manage the resulting conflicts and by advantages conferred in capital formation and governance. Properly designed and disclosed, the golden leash can promote not only superior returns but consensus-building, dialogue, and other values important to sound procedural corporate governance.


The date of the Argive tyrant Pheidon has been generally discussed without asking about what was the reason of different ancients datings. The failure to understand it has led to rather voluntary selection among the dates as well as unwarranted constructions. The present paper is an attempt to give a complex explanation of all the dates put forward by the ancients, except the statement of Herodotos that placed Pheidon to the early 6th century BC. It is suggested that all other dates were based on two synchronisations. First, Pheidon was considered roughly as a contemporary of the end of Corinthian kingship, the foundation of Syracuse, the outbreak of the first Messenian war and the epic poet Eumelos. This synchronisation was based on the story about the death of Corinthian Aktaion and on the account of Ephoros, who had dated some of these instances, including Pheidon, to the 10th generation from the Herakleid invasion. It was the reason of the date in Pausanias (Ol. 8 in 748 BC). And second, Pheidon was synchronised with Spartan lawgiver Lykourgos. On this assumption were based the datings in Theopompos, Marmor Parium, Eusebios and Isidorus.


Studies evaluating efficiency of resource use on farms and farmer welfare have commonly failed to specify the precise nature of problems often described in terms such as 'low-income'. Hence superior, alternative welfare and resource use positions, of interest to the policy formulator, are inadequately specified. Additionally, criteria used in these studies have often been invalid or inappropriate. This paper examines the theoretical and operational bases of efficiency and welfare criteria.


In 1993/94 a severe drought on the North Island of New Zealand caused water shortage in the Auckland metropolis. How extreme was the drought? This paper presents comparisons of frequencies of the 1993/94 drought in four North Island regions using different indicators of drought and including both streamflow and rainfall data. With regard to streamflow deficit volume and duration the exceedance probabilities ranged from I to 25%; however, the 7-day annual minimum flows in 1993/94 were less extreme with non-exceedance probabilities from 10 to 34%. With regard to rainfall the drought in the Auckland region was most extreme (on average 2% exceedance probability) when annual rainfall totals were analysed, compared to seasonal totals (on average 6% exceedance probability for half-annual totals and 13-38% for three-month totals). Thus, the conclusion was that the 1993/94 drought was extreme because of its duration rather than its magnitude.


Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the USA. Recent clinical trials, DAWN and DEFUSE 3, have expanded the endovascular therapeutic time window which has been adopted by the American Heart Association stroke guideline. However, there continues to be a dilemma as to what is the best approach for patients who present beyond the time window set by these trials and the current guideline. The interval from arterial occlusion to completion of brain tissue infarction varies from patient to patient and depends on the actual time and also a physiological clock or a tissue time window. Offering endovascular treatment based solely on a rigid time criterion excludes patients who may have a clinical benefit because of potentially salvageable tissue. We present a case of a patient who underwent successful stroke thrombectomy 6 days after stroke onset.


Presents an integrative, comprehensive and innovative look at the sense that Aristotle missed. The vestibular system plays a vital role in everyday life, contributing to a surprising range of functions from reflexes to the highest levels of perception and consciousness. This text not only offers a thorough and fresh review of the basic sensory transduction, the neurophysiology of peripheral and central pathways and how vestibular signals are processed in the control of gaze and posture; it significantly moves the discussion forward with its attention to the current research and the field's revolutionary advances, such as the understanding of neural correlates of self-motion and the basis of clinical disorders. In addition, the objective presentation of existing controversies is exciting reading and an extremely important contribution to the text's completeness. Dynamic, intellectually challenging, and unique in its level of integration of the material, this book is essential for anyone interested in understanding the vestibular system.


Eclogite xenoliths found in kimberlites provide important information about geodynamic processes that were involved in the cratonic evolution of a region. Most eclogite xenoliths are demonstrably Precambrian in age and have equilibrated over a range of temperature and pressures throughout the subcratonic mantle (Jacob, 2004). Many eclogite xenoliths are diamondiferous (e.g., Anand et al., 2004) and thus they are not only of economic significance but they also provide information on the chemical and isotopic nature of deeper parts of Earth's mantle (> 150 km), which is otherwise directly inaccessible. Although eclogite is apparently a minor component of the Earth's mantle, it plays an important role in mantle geodynamics by facilitating subduction of the oceanic crust and imparting chemical heterogeneity to the mantle. Nevertheless, there has been some debate about the origin of eclogite xenoliths as to whether they are high-pressure cumulates from mantle melts or remnants of subducted ancient oceanic crust (e.g., see Jacob, 2004). Eclogite xenoliths from a number of locations worldwide have been studied for their detailed geochemical and isotopic characteristics, except those from India. Very little data exist on lithospheric materials of any nature for the cratonic roots in this region and the aim of this study is to redress this situation. Here we report on trace-element signatures of minerals and bulk-rock rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotope systematics of eclogite xenoliths recovered from the KL-2 kimberlite pipe in the Kalyandurg cluster of the Proterozoic Wajrakarur kimberlite field (WKF) of southern India. A detailed textural and mineralogical description of these samples can be found in an accompanying abstract (Misra et al., this volume).


Embedded SRAMs can occupy the majority of the chip area in SOCs. The increase in process variation and aging degradation due to technology scaling can severely compromise the integrity of SRAM memory cells, hence resulting in cell failures. Enough cell failures in a memory can lead to it being rejected during initial testing, and hence decrease the manufacturing yield. Or, as a result of long-term applied stress, lead to in-field system failures. Certain types of cell failures can be mitigated through improved timing control. Post-fabrication programmable timing can allow for after-the-fact calibration of timing signals on a per die basis. This allows for a SRAM's timing signals to be generated based on the characteristics specific to the individual chip, thus allowing for an increase in yield and reduction in in-field system failures. In this thesis, a delay line based SRAM timing block with digitally programmable timing signals has been implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology. Various timing-related cell failure mechanisms including: 1). Operational Read Failures, 2). Cell Stability Failures, and 3). Power Envelope Failures are investigated. Additionally, the major contributing factors for process variation and device aging degradation are discussed in the context of SRAMs. Simulations show that programmable timing can be used to reduce cell failure rates by over 50%.


Pipe bursts in a drinking water distribution system lead to water losses, interruption of supply, and damage to streets and houses due to the uncontrolled water flow. To minimize the negative consequences of pipe bursts, an early detection is necessary. This paper describes a heuristic burst detection method, which continuously compares measured and expected values of water demands and pressures. The expected values of the water demand are generated by an adaptive water demand forecasting model, and the expected values of the pressures are generated by a dynamic pressure drop - demand relation estimator. The method was tested off-line on a historic dataset of 5 years of water flow and pressure data in three supply areas (with 650, 11,180 and 130,920 connections) in the western part of the Netherlands. In the period 274 bursts were reported of which, based on the definition we propose in this paper, 38 were considered as relatively larger bursts. The method was able to detect 50, 25.9 and 7.8% in the considered areas related to all bursts, and around 80% in all three areas related to the subset of relatively larger bursts. The method generated false alarms on 3% of the evaluated days on average.


This Article develops an analytical framework to investigate novel ways in which legal reforms disguised as "substantive" can affect procedural due process safeguards differently among racial groups. Scholars have long recognized the impact evidence rules have on substantive policies, such as modifying primary incentives or affecting the distribution of legal entitlements in society. However, legal scholars have not paid enough attention to the reverse effect: how changes in "substantive law" influence policy objectives traditionally associated with evidence law—"evidentiary policies."

To fill this gap, this Article discusses three related evidentiary policies. The first is accuracy, which courts and scholars consider a central objective of evidence law. But improving the accuracy of legal fact-finding is not an exclusive function of evidence law. Different substantive rules and doctrines also influence the accuracy of legal decisions. Albeit valuable, accuracy is neither free nor cheap. A second important consideration in evidence law is the cost of litigation—and the cost of fact-finding in particular. Substantive law also plays a role in determining the expense of adjudication. Since we cannot eliminate errors from an adjudicative system with limited resources, we must decide which errors we are willing to accept and which are worthy of spending more resources to avoid. The third example of evidentiary policy affected by substantive law, and the one this Article focuses on, is allocating the risk of mistaken judgments of fact between parties.

Standards of proof stand out as a particularly important evidentiary mechanism to distribute the risk of errors. The final error distribution, however, is also a function of other factors, such as the accuracy of the legal fact-finding and how rules are designed and applied. Substantive rules can alter the error distribution in a myriad of ways. Through graphs and other analytical tools, this Article develops a framework to identify and assess these impacts on various situations, including racial disparities between Black and White defendants.

The effects of substantive law on allocating error risk between parties raise important concerns for different doctrines, particularly for procedural due process. Courts have consistently held that procedural due process requires an error-distribution strongly biased in favor of criminal defendants. This requirement is primarily enforced through standards of proof and other evidentiary rules. However, this Article argues that substantive law changes can move us away from an errordistribution strongly biased in favor of criminal defendants. Scholars and practitioners often fail to consider these effects when discussing changes to existing laws. This omission comes at a potentially high cost for defendants' procedural due process and other constitutional safeguards, especially for minority groups.


Habitat Suitability Indices (HSI) are widely used in conservation and in pre-development surveying. We tested a commonly-used HSI to assess its effectiveness at predicting the presence of a European protected species, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus , at the edge of its range. This HSI is used to understand species' conservation needs, and in assessing the need for, and designing, mitigation. Given the cost of surveying to developers, it is essential that they can have confidence in the index used in targeting work and in Environmental Impact Assessments. We found that nine of the ten factors which make up the HSI are robust in the region, even in a disjunct population believed to have been isolated for around 3000 years. However, we propose modification of the geographic factor, based upon an improved knowledge of the species' distribution since the HSI was originally devised.


Many object-oriented applications created today, especially Web applications, use relational databases for persistence. Often there is a straightforward correspondence between database tables on the one hand and application classes on the other. Application developers usually write a great deal of code to connect to and query the database, code which differs little from class to class and is often tedious to write. Moreover, the parallel class and table structures constitute a duplication of information, which requires duplication of work and increases the likelihood of errors. Ideally, we could automate this duplication, rendering it invisible to developers. This is the idea behind object-relational mapping (ORM), which achieves the mapping between the object-oriented world and the relational world automatically. Many existing ORM tools do not realize the goal of fully transparent persistence, however, and ORM tools have not become pervasive in the software industry. We survey ORM technology, probing issues of ORM system architecture and examining real-world ORM systems. We consider the state of the art in ORM, asking why it is not more popular than it is and anticipating the future course of ORM system development.


The South American tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato. In the present study Tuta-adapted strains of Trichogramma were evaluated. Amongst the three species, Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja could parasitise T. absoluta eggs and the parasitism rates were 5.0%, 51.1% and 68.2% respectively. Adults emerged from the parasitized T. absoluta eggs (4.8%, 97.5% and 90.0% adult emergence respectively). The F1 generation adults of T. pretiosum could parasitise 29% of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton eggs, while the other two species were not successful in parasitizing. In addition, four 'hymenopteran' parasitoids, viz. T. achaeae , Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), Habrobracon sp. and Goniozus sp. were also observed to be associated with T. absoluta in the fields during the surveys undertaken in southern India.


Objective: To examine the effects of delayed admission to rehabilitation on functional outcomes and medical complications in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: The inpatient discharge records of 60 stroke patients who admitted to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department for first ever unilateral stroke patients were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups as early (<30 days) and delayed admission group (>30 days) based on the length of time from stroke event to admission to the rehabilitation unit. Potential differences between early and delayed admission groups were examined in terms of demographic and clinical features, rehabilitation outcomes and medical complications. Results: The patients beginning rehabilitation in the first month following stroke had a better Functional Independent Measurement Scores gain than the patients beginning rehabilitation longer than one month (12.65±5.59 vs. 8.59±5.50, p=0.008). The number of complications was higher in the delayed admission group than the early admission group (3.16±1.36 vs. 1.91±1.12, p=0.001). Shoulder pain and spastic upper limb was detected more frequently in patients with delayed group (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Delayed admission time to rehabilitation caused poorer functional outcomes, increased number of medical complications in stroke patients. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2007;53:45-9.


In the past few years, especially after the 2008 global financial crisis, China has become more assertive, not just in its military posture but also in its diplomatic affairs and economic interactions. Despite this rising assertiveness, China's grand strategy officially remains that of 'Peaceful Development.' In consequence, scholars have disagreed about the trajectory of China's grand strategy in light of its often ambivalent behavior. To explain this ambivalence, this article will take a closer empirical look at two important developments regarding China's international affairs: The softening on China's preoccupation with territorial integrity and sovereignty has been exhibited in taking sides with Russia in the Ukraine Crisis, as well as its continually increasing participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions. In contrast to more common materialist explanations, this article argues that the ambivalence of these actions can best be explained by contextualizing them with China's history and sense of legitimacy.


1. Distribution maps of cetaceans and seabirds at basin and monthly scales are needed for conservation and marine management. These are usually created from standardized and systematic aerial and vessel surveys, with recorded animal densities interpolated across study areas. However, distribution maps at basin and monthly scales have previously not been possible because individual surveys have restricted spatial and temporal coverage.2. This study develops an alternative approach consisting of: (a) collating diverse survey data to maximize spatial and temporal coverage, (b) using detection functions to estimate variation in the surface area covered (km2) among these surveys, standardizing measurements of effort and animal densities, and (c) developing species distribution models (SDM) that overcome issues with heterogeneous and uneven coverage. 3. 2.68 million km of survey data in the North‐East Atlantic between 1980 and 2018 were collated and standardized. SDM using Generalized Linear Models and General Estimating Equations in a hurdle approach were developed. Distribution maps were then created for 12 cetacean and 12 seabird species at 10 km and monthly resolution. Qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated good model performance.4. Synthesis and applications. This study provides the largest ever collation and standardization of diverse survey data for cetaceans and seabirds, and the most comprehensive distribution maps of these taxa in the North‐East Atlantic. These distribution maps have numerous applications including the identification of important areas needing protection, and the quantification of overlap between vulnerable species and anthropogenic activities. This study demonstrates how the analysis of existing and diverse survey data can meet conservation and marine management needs.


The Standard Model of particle physics successfully describes present collider data. Nevertheless, theoretical and cosmological results call for its extension. A softly broken supersymmetric completion around the TeV scale solves several of the outstanding issues. Supersymmetry requires two Higgs doublets, leading to five physical Higgs states. These include a pair of charged Higgs bosons H±, which are a generic feature of theories with multiple Higgs doublets. Using results from high-energy colliders and flavour physics, constraints are derived on the charged Higgs boson mass and couplings; both for constrained scenarios in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with grand unification, and for general two-Higgs-doublet models. The MSSM results are compared to the projected reach for charged Higgs searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At the LHC, a light charged Higgs is accessible through top quark decay. Beyond a discovery, it is demonstrated how angular distributions sensitive to top quark spin correlations can be used to determine the structure of the H±tb coupling. The public code 2HDMC, which performs calculations in a general, CP-conserving, two-Higgs-doublet model, is introduced. In parallel to the developments at colliders, the most energetic particles ever recorded are the ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays. To gain more insight into their origin, new experiments are searching for UHE neutrinos. These searches require detectors of vast volume, which can be achieved by searching for coherent radio pulses arising from the Askaryan effect. The prospects of using a satellite orbiting the Moon to search for neutrino interactions are investigated, and a similar study for an Earth-based radio telescope is presented. In both cases, the method is found competitive for detection of the very highest energy neutrinos considered.