Article Info Background: Occupational accidents cause death and disabilities among millions of workers around the world. The mining industry is among the riskiest occupations in this respect. This study aims to investigate interventions made and challenges faced by the health system in response to the Zemestan-Yurt Mine explosion in the Golestan Province, Iran, 2017. Materials and Methods: In this article, being a field report, data were collected through direct observations and interviews with first responders involved in the response process, and by checking national and local reports from other organizations. Result: On Wednesday, May 4, 2017, at 11:58 AM, an explosion occurred in the Yurt coal mine, Golestan Province, in which 126 people were affected directly or indirectly. In fact, 43 workers were killed immediately after the explosion of a coal wagon, 55 were dispatched to hospitals, and 28 received outpatient health services. In this incident, more than 100 teams from various organizations, including the health system, arrived at the scene and carried out relief and rescue operations. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate that the health system does not have specific instructions, training plans, as well as well-trained and prepared personnel for managing mine-related accidents. Besides, interactions are not integrated and coordinated among disaster management response teams. Therefore, developing preparedness instructions for responding to disasters, forming rapid response teams and training them for industrial accidents, as well as performing joint exercises and drills with responsible organizations can be effective in improving responses to such accidents.


Forest fuel production is a sub-branch in forestry that has increased during the last decade, both in Sweden and in other parts of the European Union (EU). Forestry is a risky branch and knowledge about working environment conditions in forest fuel production is limited. The aim of this study is to raise knowledge about drivers' opinions concerning working conditions in forest fuel production. A questionnaire was answered by 34 drivers. The drivers experience their work as risky. They use personal protective equipment to different degrees in their daily work. Cut damage and slipping are the most common accidents and incidents. Most of the drivers experience the mental and the physical workload as low or moderate. Regarding the findings in this study, two main work environmental issues can be raised: The drivers experience major problems outside the cabin compared to inside, which increases the risk that they stay in the cabin during most of the workday. The new work tasks within forest fuel production may increase the fact that forestry is one of the most risky branches.


Due to transistor shrinking, intermittent faults are a major concern in current digital systems. This work presents an adaptive fault tolerance mechanism based on error correction codes (ECC), able to modify its behavior when the error conditions change without increasing the redundancy. As a case example, we have designed a mechanism that can detect intermittent faults and swap from an initial generic ECC to a specific ECC capable of tolerating one intermittent fault. We have inserted the mechanism in the memory system of a 32-bit RISC processor and validated it by using VHDL simulation-based fault injection. We have used two (39, 32) codes: a single error correction–double error detection (SEC–DED) and a code developed by our research group, called EPB3932, capable of correcting single errors and double and triple adjacent errors that include a bit previously tagged as error-prone. The results of injecting transient, intermittent, and combinations of intermittent and transient faults show that the proposed mechanism works properly. As an example, the percentage of failures and latent errors is 0% when injecting a triple adjacent fault after an intermittent stuck-at fault. We have synthesized the adaptive fault tolerance mechanism proposed in two types of FPGAs: non-reconfigurable and partially reconfigurable. In both cases, the overhead introduced is affordable in terms of hardware, time and power consumption.


The research explores the viability of using a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle equipped with thermal imaging and lowlight camera to assess structural damage to steel girders. Damage assessments following natural disasters are daunting and arduous tasks that are resources intensive and dangerous. Unmanned aerial vehicles with remote sensing technology (UAV-RS) have been used in recent large-scale disaster events such as Hurricanes Katerina, Harvey, Irma, and Maria as well as others. Current assessment methods of structures include; inspectors physically conducting detailed and rapid surveys of damage with or without the assistance of special equipment, use of helicopters, satellite imagery, and new innovative methods using unmanned aerial vehicles with remote sensing technology. The initial experiment utilized the S-BRITE facility at Purdue University. Two steel girders located at S-BRITE were used in the experiment with damages that render them structurally deficient. Experiments were conducted during hours of low visibility.Most scientific studies have focused on using UAV-RS during hours of daylight. This research exploresthe use of UAV-RS during low-light conditions (i.e. early evening nautical and astronomical twilight, and night) for detecting global damage to steel girders. The goal is to present evidence for further study in the use of UAV-RS during low-light conditions for inspecting structures to include primary load bearing members. The research concluded that while the UAV-RS can detect global damage in low visibility conditions, further experiments in varying low-light conditions to include3D imaging and semi-autonomous inspectionusing computer vision are important for structural damage assessments.


The tripartite distinction of subordinate clauses, i.e. relative, complement, and adverbial clause, is arguably motivated by the differing type of conceptual asymmetry between matrix clause and subordinate clause events encoded by each clause type. The three types of subordinate clauses are also known to manifest cross-constructional continuity in constructional space (Croft 2001). From cognitive-typological viewpoint, this paper will explore the polyfunctionality of a 'versatile' subordinator eke ('which/that/if ') in Adioukrou, a Kwa language within the Niger-Congo language family spoken in Cote d'Ivoire. Eke encodes three major subtypes of subordinate clauses, i.e. relative clause, complement clause, and conditional adverbial clause, and thus apparently neutralizes the tripartite distinction. This paper will also address the issue of how Adioukrou responds to a possible tension between two cognitivefunctional principles governing form-meaning correspondence in a language, i.e. transparency (isomorphism) and economy.


This paper presents a new classifier combination technique based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is a powerful method for combining measures of evidence from different classifiers. However, since each of the available methods that estimates the evidence of classifiers has its own limitations, we propose here a new implementation which adapts to training data so that the overall mean square error is minimized. The proposed technique is shown to outperform most available classifier combination methods when tested on three different classification problems.


Objective: Akathisia, characterized by a sense of inner restlessness and a constant need for motion is a condition that relies on subjective symptoms. Thus, physicians can easily overlook akathisia due to the lack of objective findings. In this study, we aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) to help with the diagnosis and to provide an objective tool for research studies. Materials and Methods: The BARS was translated and back-translated by a group of five doctors. Forty patients with schizophrenia who were taking antipsychotic drugs were evaluated using the Turkish version of the BARS by two raters independently. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and Cohen's kappa for inter-rater reliability was calculated. Results: In terms of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha values for each rater were above 0.8 (0.820 and 0.836), which show high reliability for the scale. In terms of inter-rater reliability, all Cohen's kappa values were above 0.7 (0.706, 0.804, 0.864, 0.881), showing high agreement between the raters. Conclusion: High values of inter-rater reliability for all items in the scale and high internal consistency values indicate that the Turkish version of the BARS can be used reliably.


Practical Applications Summary In CLOs, Private Equity, Pensions, and Systemic Risk, from the Spring 2020 issue of The Journal of Structured Finance, Rod Dubitsky, founder of the People's Economist, examines rating agency models for analyzing collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and concludes that they are deeply flawed in that they rely on historical data that does not describe the current situation and on assumptions about correlation (diversification) that do not hold true in practice. Dubitsky presents evidence that default likelihoods are higher and expected recoveries are lower than the rating agencies assume in their models. He also highlights problematic practices in the CLO market, including weakened bond covenants and other terms, conflicts of interest in the management of CLO underlying portfolios, and a rising concentration of underlying leveraged loans in the lowest rating categories. Additionally, Dubitsky examines the relationships among 1) CLOs, 2) private equity–sponsored companies that borrow via leveraged loans that are then packaged into CLOs, and 3) pension plans that invest in private equity (PE) funds and CLOs. He argues that a contraction of available CLO-funded credit to leveraged-loan borrowers could cause many to fail, resulting in both increased unemployment and losses to PE funds and their pension plan investors. He concludes that the potential contraction of CLO funding for leveraged loans creates significant systemic risk. TOPICS: CLOs, CDOs, and other structured credit; financial crises and financial market history


Future climate projections predict warming at high elevations that will impact treeline species, but complex topographic relief in mountains complicates ecologic response, and we have a limited number of long-term studies examining vegetation change related to climate. In this study, pollen and conifer stomata were analyzed from a 2.3 m sediment core extending to 15,330 cal. yr BP recovered from a treeline lake in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming. Both pollen and stomata record a sequence of vegetation and climate change similar in most respects to other regional studies, with sagebrush steppe and lowered treeline during the Late Pleistocene, rapid upward movement of treeline beginning about 11,500 cal. yr BP, treeline above modern between ~9000 and 6000 cal. yr BP, and then moving downslope ~5000 cal. yr BP, reaching modern limits by ~3000 cal. yr BP. Between 6000 and 5000 cal. yr BP sediments become increasingly organic and sedimentation rates increase. We interpret this as evidence for lower lake levels during an extended dry period with warmer summer temperatures and treeline advance. The complex topography of the Rocky Mountains makes it challenging to identify regional patterns associated with short term climatic variability, but our results contribute to gaining a better understanding of past ecologic responses at high elevation sites.


Household size decline accounts for a substantial portion of population loss in shrinking cities, yet little research has focused on it. Much of the literature presents a simple growth/decline binary that is largely determined via population figures. In this paper, we highlight the importance and assess the impact of household size changes on population decline, and determine what types of household size declines are more acute in shrinking cities than other locales. We find that elderly households and households with school‐aged children are under‐represented in shrinking cities, while households with pre‐school‐aged children are over‐represented. More tellingly, we find the biggest source of household‐related loss in shrinking cities to be the growth of single‐person households now living in houses that were once home to entire families. These findings puncture the binary on which much of the shrinking cities discourse is based. The population dynamics of most cities are subtler than either practitioners or critical scholars assert. We argue that plans and development strategies for shrinking cities should reflect a range of demographic changes, including outmigration and internal household restructuring.


This highly readable yet challenging book provides a critical examination of the failings of mainstream economics and the resultant environmental problems we are facing. Most importantly, it articulates what an alternative economics for sustainability would look like in both theory and practice. The book provides a brief history of economics and looks at the intersection between politics and the often hidden values embedded in economics. Also covered are the roles of individuals and organizations, political structures and institutions, democracy, environmental decision-making, sustainability assessment and a vision of a future underpinned by sustainability economics. A main point raised is that, in any serious attempt to come to grips with unsustainable trends, fundamental issues such as the theory of science, the role of science in society, paradigms in economics, ideological orientations and institutional arrangements need to be critically examined. The theory is supported by case studies, explanatory figures, further reading sections and discussion questions to facilitate debate and learning.


In earlier studies, it has been demonstrated that cooperative work has a positive influence on physics distance learning at university entrance level. In this paper, it is shown clearly that this teaching method in physics is advantageous for both genders. In fact, the collaboration seems to help male students more than female students to manage the course and to complete it. No difference was seen between the genders either in performance, measured in throughput (productivity) for the course, or in intrinsic motivation. Without cooperative work, the productivity for male students is far lower than for female students.


Models and Targets for the Pronunciation of English in Vietnam and Sweden This paper aims to account for the factors that lie behind the choice of models and targets for the pronunciation of English by learners of English in Vietnam and in Sweden. English is the first foreign language in both Vietnam and in Sweden. English is used as a language of international communication in both settings. Swedish learners have much more exposure to spoken English than do Vietnamese learners and the Swedish language is more similar to English than is Vietnamese. These reasons, among others, explain why Swedish accents of English are typically considerably more intelligible than Vietnamese accents of English. Given that the majority of English speakers in the world are not native speakers, it is argued that the traditional learner target of approaching native speaker pronunciations is not appropriate for either group, but especially not for the Vietnamese learners. Instead maximal international intelligibility is a more useful target. To this end, learners need to be exposed to a variety of native and non-native models.


While putting together this edition of Graphix, it was virtually impossible to talk with anyone in the industry about anything other than Drupa. Persuading them to focus on features unrelated to their imminent trip to Germany and the sheer excitement ahead of the industry's biggest show was a challenge, and yet here we are, Drupa behind us and life continuing as before. The printing industry's mood is optimistic, with early reports of good sales during the show, and more deals expected to follow in the coming months. In the June issue of Graphix we review the show in depth, but I can reveal that some of the new technology seen was truly game-changing.


Cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells is often accompanied by actomyosin cortical flow. Over 30 years ago, Borisy and White proposed that cortical flow converging upon the cell equator compresses the actomyosin network to mechanically align actin filaments. However, actin filaments also align via search-and-capture, and to what extent compression by flow or active alignment drive furrow formation remains unclear. Here, we quantify the dynamical organization of actin filaments at the onset of ring assembly in the C. elegans zygote, and provide a framework for determining emergent actomyosin material parameters by the use of active nematic gel theory. We characterize flow-alignment coupling, and verify at a quantitative level that compression by flow drives ring formation. Finally, we find that active alignment enhances but is not required for ring formation. Our work characterizes the physical mechanisms of actomyosin ring formation and highlights the role of flow as a central organizer of actomyosin network architecture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17807.001


The use of small-scale, instrumented laboratory columns for the study of moisture content and electrical conductivity response of soils has historically been restricted primarily to fine-grained materials because of the size of available instrumentation and probe installation difficulties. This study explores the suitability of capacitance-type dielectric sensors for studies of coarse-grained granular materials by assessing installation and calibration requirements. A number of different methods for installing a Hydra Probe dielectric sensor in a gravelly granular material were assessed and their repeatability compared with sensor installation in a fine-grained material. Typical installation methods were found to result in highly inconsistent installation in the compacted granular material, with poor repeatability. An alternative installation method is presented for gravelly granular materials, which resulted in an acceptable level of repeatability for both components of sensor measurement, consistent with that achieved by direct sensor insertion in fine-grained materials. It was also found necessary to develop a material-specific volumetric moisture content calibration relationship for the granular material as the manufacturer-supplied relationships were found to have very-low accuracy. This material-specific calibration was found to improve the accuracy of the dielectric sensor to ±0.03 m3/m3. To demonstrate the potential of dielectric sensors for use in the study of compacted granular materials, two laboratory experiments are described: one monitoring changes in moisture content with time and the other changes in electrical conductivity. General recommendations for use of dielectric sensors with granular materials are also presented.


PURPOSE
Eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) demonstrate accumulation of specific deposits and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Metalloproteinases (MMP) are crucial regulators of basement membrane and ECM turnover. Accordingly, loss of RPE MMP activity most likely leads to excessive accumulation of collagen and other ECM, a potential mechanism for formation of deposits. A prior study showed that MMP-2 activity, but not pro-MMP-2 protein, decreases after RPE oxidative injury, indicating that oxidant injury disrupts the enzymatic cleavage of pro-MMP-2. Activation of MMP-2 requires the formation of a tri-molecular complex of pro-MMP-2, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of oxidant injury on the interaction between these three molecules.

METHODS
Human GFP-RPE cells were oxidant injured by transient exposure to H2O2 and myeloperoxidase, and the time course of recovery determined. Supernatants and cell lysates were collected for analysis of MMP-2, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 activity, mRNA and protein expression. In some studies, overexpression with either MMP-14 or TIMP-2 was performed to revert the cells to a preinjury phenotype.

RESULTS
Transient injury resulted in a decrease of both MMP-14 and TIMP-2 activity and protein. Overexpression of each single molecule failed to prevent the injury-induced decrease of MMP-2 activity. In contrast, overexpression of MMP-14 together with the addition of exogenous TIMP-2 prevented the reduction of MMP-2 activation.

CONCLUSIONS
Loss of MMP-2 activity after oxidant injury is caused by the downregulation of MMP-14 and TIMP-2. Overexpression of either MMP-14 or TIMP-2 alone before oxidant injury is not enough to prevent loss of MMP-2 activity. All three components of the tri-molecular complex must be present to preserve normal MMP-2 activity after oxidant injury.


Abstract
This chapter explains how HR executives can leverage social network understanding in order to facilitate post-merger integration. We describe two social network mechanisms (brokerage and contagion) and explain their effect on organizational functioning. We then present a framework incorporating interventions in three core areas of HR involvement in mergers and map those interventions on the timeline of the merger so as to provide a roadmap for developing and implementing interventions based on social network insight. We argue that an understanding of social networks and the proposed interventions would allow HR executives to better monitor and steer post-merger integration.


We develop two techniques for analyzing the effect of porting a machine translation system to a new domain. One is a macro-level analysis that measures how domain shift affects corpus-level evaluation; the second is a micro-level analysis for word-level errors. We apply these methods to understand what happens when a Parliament-trained phrase-based machine translation system is applied in four very different domains: news, medical texts, scientific articles and movie subtitles. We present quantitative and qualitative experiments that highlight opportunities for future research in domain adaptation for machine translation.


Rare listwaenite occurrences with the assemblage quartz + calcite + magnetite + goethite + hematite ± talc ± ankerite have been found within the ophiolite melange of the Iti Mountain. They also contain relic Cr-spinel, and have retained mesh and hourglass textures indicating an origin from serpentinite. Geochemical investigation, using isocon analysis and assuming Ti as immobile element, reveals conservation of mass. During the listwaenite-forming metasomatic event there was influx of Si, Ca, Ba, Zr, light rare-earth elements (LREE), Ir and Pt, while Mg, Mn, heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) and Pd were removed from the system. Al, Cr, Ni and Fe tot behaved as immobile elements. The release of Mg and formation of quartz may have occurred from breakdown of the serpentine minerals at low pressure, involving very high X CO2 in the fluid phase. Two distinct fluids are thought to have been involved in the alteration process. Fractionation of REE is explained by their mobility mainly as REE-carbonate complexes, which are favoured by a CO 2 -rich and mildly alkaline fluid. Ca influx in the listwaenite is attributed to this fluid, which is likely related to the serpentinization of the peridotites. Transportation of SiO 2 , as well as of platinum-group elements (PGE), was favoured by another low-pH, highly-oxidized, saline fluid, at low temperatures. Mobility of REE probably persisted, but likely as chloride complexes. The latter fluid may have been also responsible for oxidation of Cr-spinel to goethite and of magnetite to hematite. The presence of goethite and calcite in the listwaenite account for the enrichment of LREE, given that these minerals can selectively absorb the LREE into their structures. The HREE, which were released during the breakdown of serpentine and olivine, were subsequently removed from the system. At very low temperatures the two fluids were miscible and the interaction of the acid, oxidized fluid with the calcite probably led to precipitation of Pt and Ir in the listwaenite. Direct dissolution of olivine relics has likely occurred at a late stage and further depleted the listwaenite in Mg.


The controversy over the funding of stem cell research by the federal government is used as a case study for examining how policy choices are made in the field of public bioethics. This article examines the manner in which the decision to fund stem cell research has been influenced by the convergence of evolving scientific knowledge, conflicting religious values, and the role of elected officials in a representative democracy. The article begins by reviewing the current state of scientific knowledge concerning adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and the process of direct cell re-programming. Because each of these four areas of regenerative medicine possess advantages and disadvantages as a potential source of medical treatment, it appears that non-scientific considerations explain the decisions of policymakers to favor or disfavor particular types of research. Next, the article surveys the official positions of major religious faiths in the United States in regards to stem cell research, and concludes that there are a variety of differing religious perspectives concerning both the moral status of the embryo and our society's affirmative obligation to heal the sick. In addition, the article discusses the bifurcated funding landscape for stem cell research, whereby individual states and the federal government both currently provide some measure of research support. Finally, this article concludes by asserting two neutral principles that should guide elected officials in the future when they consider whether to fund medical research in controversial areas: 1) the federal government should be the preferred source of funding for basic medical research and 2) government funding decisions should not favor one religious perspective over another.


Global warming is very important subject for environmental physics. Although the earth seems like inanimate, it acts just like a live mechanism which is called as Glacial-Interglacial Ice. One can consider that there are three periods for this forming, say major (100,000 years), minor (12,000 years) and smaller (1000 years) ice ages. The temperature of the earth is a ected by increasing especially CO2 and other sera gases in the atmosphere. The solar radiation re ected from the earth surface cannot go back to the space due to the sera gases and is absorbed by the atmosphere. After the industrial revolution at the beginning of 20th century, especially in the last 30 years, the amount of CO2 and the other carbon gases emitted into the atmosphere has been increasing and causing natural disasters like irregular local temperature changes, oods, melting glaciers, and more powerful hurricanes. The solar radiations are mostly re ected by glaciers which are signi cant formations on the earth. Melting of these glaciers reduces the surface re ection and causes more absorption of solar radiation by the earth. In addition, sea level, amount of fresh water, and perceptible water vapor in the atmosphere may increase. In this study, Greenland and Antarctica glaciers' weights which press the plates downward are calculated. Melting the glaciers, the plates get rid of the pressure and rise upward over the mantle, and may cause some earthquakes, and volcanic activities such as Thoku earthquake in Japan and Eyjafjallajokull and Grimsvotn volcanos in Iceland.


The human female form is the brilliant end-point of millions of years of evolution, loaded with amazing adjustments and subtle refinements. It is the most remarkable organism on the planet. At different times and in different places, human societies have tried to improve on nature, modifying and embellishing the female form in a thousand different ways. In this new study, people-watcher Desmond Morris turns his skill and attention to the female form, and takes the reader on a guided tour 'from head to toe'. Highlighting the evolutionary functions of biological features that all women share, Morris explores the enhancements and constraints that human societies have developed in the quest for control and perfection of the female form. Written from a zoologist's perspective and packed full of scientific fact, fascinating anecdote and thought-provoking conclusions, "The Naked Woman" builds on Desmond Morris's unrivalled experience as an observer of the human animal.


Many physical and psychological afflictions were believed to have been caused by malevolent demonic beings, who could be defended against by calling upon benevolent liminal entities for aid in those times of trouble. This article applies the theory that emotions experienced at a communal level can be discerned in the archaeological record—in this case, through the invention of new iconography and objects aimed at mitigating angst, fear, and anxiety. The introduction of clay cobra figurines at Amarna are used as a case study. Their development is analyzed within their temporal, historical and social context, and compared to other material, biological, and textual sources to determine their role in counteracting the inner demons shared by a community.


This paper compares the results from 2D inversion of 2D data, 3D inversion of 2D data and 3D inversion of 3D data from a 3D pole-dipole MIMDAS IP survey conducted near Copper Hill NSW. Six 1.5km lines were laid out over the area of interest at 200m spacings. Data were collected using 'pole-dipole' geometry with 100m dipoles. All receiver stations on all lines were read simultaneously for each transmitter station. Data were processed using standard (proprietary) MIMDAS processing. 2D data were inverted using UBC's dcip2d software while 2D and 3D data were inverted using UBC's dcip3d code ported to an NEC SX-5 supercomputer. For the 3D models, resistivities were determined by inversion of primary voltages while secondary voltages, after Time Domain Cole-Cole Inversion, were inverted for the IP model. All errors were based linearly upon observational errors. Results highlight the differences between inversion models for the two datasets. In particular, the models demonstrate the greater resolution of the 3D survey and the restricted ability of 2D surveys to define boundaries subparallel to the survey lines is emphasized.


Medical students wanting to be surgeons have a long road of training that only grows with advancing technology and an expanding range of diseases. Faced with duty hour restrictions, today's residents are experiencing a shift from the traditional training paradigm—instead of learning all basic skills in the operating room (OR), some are being developed with simulation training outside the OR. In order to create a curriculum with an effective blend between operating duties and simulation, it's important that there's an understanding of the effect of resident involvement in the OR. Then, a more accurate simulation/education curriculum can be created that will maximize quality and efficiency of training and begin to reduce adverse effects of intraoperative resident involvement (complications, time, and cost). In an effort to determine these effects at the Mayo Clinic, 324 laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) cases from 2010-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were performed by one general surgeon with or without a post-graduate year three surgery resident. There were 174 cases with resident involvement and 150 without. Overall, OR time was significantly greater with a resident (88 ± 30 min versus 57 ± 22 min by surgeon only (t(311)=10.33, p<0.0001); however, there were no differences in complications (χ=0.026; p=0.436). Excluding high-risk patients, there were 117 cases with resident involvement and 89 without. Again, operative duration was longer with a resident (88 ± 23 min versus 54 ± 22 min surgeon only (t(192)=8.97, p<0.0001); but, no differences in complications were seen (χ=0.102, p=0.370). While a longer operative duration with resident involvement translates into larger costs, no statistically significant difference in complications is quite encouraging. Educators can now modify their simulation/education curriculum to include more laparoscopic fundamentals—potentially reducing the amount of time spent in the OR learning the basics of laparoscopy—as well as adding sessions that include common GS procedures (like LC and laparoscopic appendectomy). The addition of laparoscopic stations in assessments would also be beneficial to ensure residents are meeting competency standards before they can operate. The ultimate goal of these modifications is to create surgeons who are both efficient and effective in the OR: reducing operative duration without risking patient safety.


The number of deaths from the abuse of psychoactive drugs is increasing year after year, and new designer psychoactive drugs of unknown toxicity frequently appear on the streets. Human lethal drug doses generally do not correlate well with animal LD50 values. In order to investigate whether that holds for psychoactive drugs, human lethal dose values and rat and mouse LD50 values for several routes of administration for eighteen such drugs were collected from the literature. Quantitative toxicity-toxicity relationship (QTTR) regression correlations of human and rodent lethal doses were poor for both rat and mouse oral and intraperitoneal lethal doses, but both rat and mouse intravenous LD50 values correlated very well with human lethal doses (r2 = 0.823 and 0.756, respectively). Rat and mouse intravenous LD50 values predicted from commercial software also correlated reasonably well with human lethal doses (r2 = 0.631 and 0.678, respectively). This means that it should be possible to use these correlations to predict the human lethal doses of new psychoactive drugs.


In this paper, two optimal power allocation strategies for hybrid interweave-underlay cognitive cooperative radio networks (CCRNs) are proposed to maximize channel capacity and minimize outage probability. The proposed power allocation strategies are derived for the case of Rayleigh fading, taking into account the impact of imperfect spectrum sensing on the performance of the hybrid CCRN. Based on the optimal power allocation strategies, the transmit powers of the secondary transmitter and secondary relay are adapted according to the fading conditions, the interference power constraint imposed by the primary network (PN), the interference from the PN to the hybrid CCRN, and the total transmit power limit of the hybrid CCRN. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the effect of the interference power constraint of the PN, arrival rate of the PN, imperfect spectrum sensing, and the transmit power constraint of the hybrid CCRN on channel capacity and outage probability. Finally, comparisons of the channel capacity and outage probability of underlay, overlay, and hybrid interweave-underlay CCRNs are presented to show the advantages of the hybrid spectrum access.


The Kneser graph $K(n,r)$ has as vertices all $r$-subsets of an $n$-set with two vertices adjacent if the corresponding subsets are disjoint. It is conjectured that, except for $K(5,2)$, these graphs are Hamiltonian for all $n\geq 2r+1$. In this note we describe an inductive construction which relates Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+2s,r)$ to Hamiltonicity of $K(2r'+s,r')$. This shows (among other things) that Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+1,r)$ for all $3\leq r\leq k$ implies Hamiltonicity of $K(2r+2,r)$ for all $r\leq 2k+1$. Applying this result extends the range of values for which Hamiltonicity of $K(n,r)$ is known. Another consequence is that certain families of Kneser graphs ($K(\frac{27}{13}r,r)$ for instance) contain infinitely many Hamiltonian graphs.


The Web evolved from a simple information medium to an interactive application platform featuring advanced 2D layouts, videos, and audio. At the same time, support for hardware-accelerated 3D graphics improves continuously even among mobile devices. Hence, there is a renewed interest in adding interactive 3D graphics to the overall Web experience and therefore a need for high-performance data processing beyond DOM modifications through JavaScript. A challenge in adding this functionality to Web technologies is to close the deep gap between low-level hardware programming (e.g. using WebGL or WebCL) and high-level Web development with HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
 In this paper we present Xflow, a system for declarative, high-performance data processing. In combination with XML3D, it allows Web developers to combine a 3D scene graph with dataflows. Our approach is general enough to allow meshes, shaders, texture samplers and the canvas itself as sink of these dataflows. Thus it enables data processing e.g. for dynamic meshes, animation of shader parameters, image processing and post processing. In this first stage, we define a set of generic building blocks that can be used to construct more complex operations. This gives a large degree of flexibility, but is still abstract enough to increase ease-of-use and ensure security. To maximize performance, dataflows are automatically connected to the render pipeline and mapped to both CPU and GPU, thus harnessing parallelization. In order to evaluate our system, we have created a number of examples.


Shifts in the abundance and location of species are restructuring life on the Earth, presenting the need to build resilience into our natural systems. Here, we tested if protection from fishing promotes community resilience in temperate reef communities undergoing rapid warming in Tasmania. Regardless of protection status, we detected a signature of warming in the brown macroalgae, invertebrates and fishes, through increases in the local richness and abundance of warm-affinity species. Even so, responses in protected communities diverged from exploited communities. At the local scale, the number of cool-affinity fishes and canopy-forming algal species increased following protection, even though the observation window fell within a period of warming. At the same time, exploited communities gained turf algal and sessile invertebrate species. We further found that the recovery of predator populations following protection leads to marked declines in mobile invertebrates—this trend could be incorrectly attributed to warming without contextual data quantifying community change across trophic levels. By comparing long-term change in exploited and protected reefs, we empirically demonstrate the role of biological interactions in both facilitating and resisting climate-related biodiversity change. We further highlight the potential for trophic interactions to alter the progression of both range expansions and contractions.


Nowadays we are witnessing a significant change in content consumption. This, together with the global health situation, has caused some behaviors to accelerate. This research focuses on the specific case of the lockdown in Spain and the coincidence with the launch of the fourth season of Money Heist compared to the launch of season three. Starting with a review of the theoretical framework, in which the related concepts of coronavirus, television, and Video on Demand (VOD) platforms are presented, the importance of transmedia communication is also introduced. The methodological aspect is developed through content analysis and in-depth interviews. The tool used on the first methodology has been Twlets. With regard to the sources, the specific bibliography of the audiovisual sector, the official profile of the series on Twitter and personal interviews with professionals from the communication department of the production company, Vancouver Media, and from the series directing were taken into account. The methodology used to carry out this work has been the analysis of quantitative–qualitative content of the various sources consulted. The results of the study are presented in graphs, crossing the data from the different sources to detect the strategies of marketing and communication used for the release of the fourth season of the series. These results reflect the change in the communication strategy, the behavior of the social audience of the Twitter account of Money Heist (La Casa de Papel) and its relationship with the period of lockdown in Spain.


The present article paints a portrait of the likely EU securities market landscape post-MiFiD. Much of the available analysis on MiFID has focused on short-term adjustment and compliance costs, especially regarding IT investments. Yet MiFID represents a revolution in European securities markets that is likely to lead to deep and long-lasting structural changes. The analysis in this Policy Brief concentrates on ten predictions that the authors make about the likely impact of MiFID on market structures, and the likely strategic responses of financial services firms.


We study the iteration of the process "a particle jumps to the right" in permutations. We prove that the set of permutations obtained in this model after a given number of iterations from the identity is a class of pattern avoiding permutations. We characterize the elements of the basis of this class and we enumerate these "forbidden minimal patterns" by giving their bivariate exponential generating function: we achieve this via a catalytic variable, the number of left-to-right maxima. We show that this generating function is a D-finite function satisfying a nice differential equation of order~2. We give some congruence properties for the coefficients of this generating function, and we show that their asymptotics involves a rather unusual algebraic exponent (the golden ratio $(1+\sqrt 5)/2$) and some unusual closed-form constants. We end by proving a limit law: a forbidden pattern of length $n$ has typically $(\ln n) /\sqrt{5}$ left-to-right maxima, with Gaussian fluctuations.


Ca2+ release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive and ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores is mediated by distinct proteins identified as IP3 receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), respectively. We have compared the immunohistochemical localizations of IP3R and RyR in the brain at the light and electron microscopic levels and have also evaluated the distribution of the major brain intracellular Ca(2+)-pumping ATPase. IP3R and RyR occur in overlapping populations of neurons in widespread areas of the brain, but labeling is distinct in a number of areas. For example, IP3R is enriched in cerebellar Purkinje cells and hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, while RyR is present at relatively low levels in these cells. RyR is most enriched in the dentate gyrus and CA3/4 areas of the hippocampus, where IP3R levels are low. In the cortex, IP3R is found in pyramidal cell bodies and proximal dendrites, whereas RyR is located predominantly in long, thin apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. In deep cerebellar nuclei, RyR is located in cell bodies that appear devoid of IP3R, whereas IP3R is enriched in terminals surrounding cell bodies. Electron microscopy in the hippocampus reveals RyR in axons, dendritic spines, and dendritic shafts near dendritic spines while IP3R is primarily identified in dendritic shafts and cell bodies. These results suggest that the IP3- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ pools have largely distinct roles in controlling intracellular Ca2+ levels, though in some sites they may interact to varying degrees.


This report describes two important investigations which formed part of an overall project aimed at separating overlapping speech signals. The first investigation uses chirp signals to measure the acoustic transfer functions which would typically be found in the speaker separation project. It explains the behaviour of chirps in acoustic environments that can be further used to find the room reverberations as well, besides their relevance to measuring the transfer functions in conjunction with speaker separation. Chirps that have been used in this part are logarithmic and linear chirps. They have different lengths and are analysed in two different acoustic environments. Major findings are obtained in comparative analysis of different chirps in terms of their cross-correlations, specgrams and power spectrum magnitude. The second investigation deals with using automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to test the performance of the speaker separation algorithm with respect to word accuracy of different speakers. Speakers were speaking in two different scenarios and these were nonoverlapping and overlapping scenarios. In non-overlapping scenario speakers were speaking alone and in overlapping scenario two speakers were speaking simultaneously. To improve the performance of speaker separation in the overlapping scenario, I was working very close with my fellow colleague Mr. Holfeld who was improving the existing speech separation algorithm. After cross-examining our findings, we improved the existing speech separation algorithm. This further led to improvement in word accuracy of the speech recognition software in overlapping scenario.


Trolling' is not a pre-given aspect of a discursive environment, which we enter into and then identify as such. This paper demonstrates that trolling is contextually mobilised as an occasioned aspect of interaction through an example: a news segment aired on the Australian network television news program Seven News in 2012. This segment is interpreted initially with reference to existing frameworks, so as to make a case about how trolling is conventionally understood, and this interpretation is then respecified through a membership categorisation analysis of the segment in question. By attending to the methods with which trolls are produced and contrasted with others, the kinds of work done by defining trolling can be shown.


This paper presents Sora, a fully programmable software radio platform on commodity PC architectures. Sora combines the performance and fidelity of hardware SDR platforms with the programmability and flexibility of general-purpose processor (GPP) SDR platforms. Sora uses both hardware and software techniques to address the challenges of using PC architectures for high-speed SDR. The Sora hardware components consist of a radio front-end for reception and transmission, and a radio control board for high-throughput, low-latency data transfer between radio and host memories. Sora makes extensive use of features of contemporary processor architectures to accelerate wireless protocol processing and satisfy protocol timing requirements, including using dedicated CPU cores, large low-latency caches to store lookup tables, and SIMD processor extensions for highly efficient physical layer processing on GPPs. Using the Sora platform, we have developed a demonstration radio system called SoftWiFi. SoftWiFi seamlessly interoperates with commercial 802.11a/b/g NICs, and achieves equivalent performance as commercial NICs at each modulation.


Effective science-policy engagement efforts are crucial to accelerate climate action. Such efforts should be underpinned by high-quality knowledge generation that enhances salience, credibility and legitimacy of research results. This is particularly important for the agricultural sector. Agriculture has been identified as a priority for climate action. The sector also constitutes well-established institutions set up to help achieve food and nutrition security. Institutionalizing high quality knowledge generation for climate change adaptation within these institutions presents a major opportunity to catalyze climate action within the sector. To contribute to insights about this institutionalization, we draw on and develop Cash et al.'s 2002 success conditions for enhancing salience, credibility and legitimacy: (1) increased accountability, (2) use of boundary objects, (3) participation across the boundary, (4) mediation and a selectively permeable boundary, (5) translation, and (6) coordination and complementary expertise. We examine how these success conditions apply in a major global case of agricultural research for development under climate change: the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). We explore these success conditions in the wider context of CGIAR reform and response to climate change as the international system for Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D). Our results specify and confirm the practical relevance of the six success conditions for institutional design and reform, but also point to the need to complement these with two inductively-derived success conditions: effective leadership and presence of incentives. To institutionalize these success conditions among AR4D institutions, there is an urgent need to create a conducive environment that enables the development of context-specific science-policy engagement strategies, along with leadership development and efforts to break traditional disciplinary silos which constrain user-oriented knowledge production.


Abstract. The HYCOM-NORWECOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model–NORWegian ECOlogical Model) modeling system is used both for basic research and as a part of the forecasting system for the Arctic Marine Forecasting Centre through the MyOcean project. Here we present a revised version of this model. The present model, as well as the sensitivity simulations leading up to this version, have been compared to a data set of in situ measurements of nutrient and chlorophyll from the Norwegian Sea and the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean. The model revisions having the most impact included adding diatoms to the diet of microzooplankton, increasing microzooplankton grazing rate and decreasing the silicate-to-nitrate ratio in diatoms. Model runs are performed both with a coarse- (~ 50 km) and higher-resolution (~ 15 km) model configuration, both covering the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. While the new model formulation improves the results in both the coarse- and high-resolution model, the nutrient bias is smaller in the high-resolution model, probably as a result of the better resolution of the main processes and improved circulation. The final revised version delivers satisfactory results for all three nutrients as well as improved results for chlorophyll in terms of the annual cycle amplitude. However, for chlorophyll the correlation with in situ data remains relatively low. Besides the large uncertainties associated with observational data this is possibly caused by the fact that constant C:N- and Chl:N ratios are implemented in the model.


In the first part of this study, Sposito and Barry (1987) derived an ensemble-mean convection-dispersion equation (CDE) for tracer solute transport subject to a random velocity field. It was shown that the model dispersion coefficients originally presented by Dagan (1984) could be derived from the general expression for the dispersion coefficients in this mean CDE. Under the assumption of ergodicity, the Dagan model is used in this paper to predict chloride and bromide concentrations in the well- documented Borden aquifer experiment reported by Roberts and Mackay (1986). Because of a possible influence on the solute from the upper aquifer boundary, it was appropriate to apply the two-dimensional form of the model. A number of steps was necessary to reduce the three-dimensional raw data to a two-dimensional form, the main ones being integration over the vertical axis and the use of a gridding algorithm to form a two-dimensional solute concentration surface. Incomplete sampling of the solute plume during the early sampling sessions, as well as the assumptions made with respect to the data analysis, produce a rather large degree of uncertainty in the specification of the initial solute plume. These factors hinder a thorough experimental evaluation of the Dagan model. Data from some of the later sampling sessions were more complete, however, and the model predictions appeared to agree well with the field concentration data, especially in the preasymptotic region for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient.


This study also showed how inter-connected the world is because the global financial crisis started in one part of the world but affected every country worldwide.
The global financial crisis made it necessary to revisit the writings of the British economist John Maynard Keynes who is considered one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern macroeconomics. He advocated an interventionist form of government policy, believing markets left to their own devices could be destructive, leading to cycles of recessions, depressions and booms. That is what the world witnessed during the global financial crisis.
Keynes ideas helped rebuild economies after World War II, until the 1970s when his ideas were abandoned for freer market systems. What then happened was regulation began to weaken as the world economies started to recover. This scenario is likely to repeat itself even when the financial crisis is over. Market capitalism is still going to dominate the world economies because in as much as transaction will be regulated but the behaviour of finance institutions will be difficult to regulate.
During the period under review, the South African financial sector and the mining industry felt the impact of the global financial crisis as shown in this study. Despite signs of a turnaround in economic activity in South Africa, financial systems are still vulnerable to risk and a renewed loss of confidence. The adverse feedback effects from the real economy, therefore, remain a concern and present new challenges for safeguarding the stability of the global financial system.
The global economic crisis offers an opportunity for South Africa to act and provide long term solutions. Strict regulation should be applied not only to the financial sector but to smaller business entities as well.


In the present work, the influence of deuterium on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel type EN 1.4462 has been characterized by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam (FIB), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) investigations. Characterization has been carried out before and after electrochemical charging with deuterium which has been used as a tracer, due to its similar behavior to hydrogen in the steel microstructure. In a first approach, the distribution of the deuterium occurring at temperatures above 58 °C has been visualized. Further it turned out that sub-surface micro blisters are formed in the ferrite-austenite interface, followed by the formation of needle shaped plates and subsequent cracking at the ferrite surface. In the austenite phase, parallel cracking alongside twins and hexagonal close packed (martensitic) regions has been observed. In both phases and even in the apparent interface, cracking has been associated with high deuterium concentrations, as compared to the surrounding undamaged microstructure. Sub-surface blistering in the ferrite has to be attributed to the accumulation and recombination of deuterium at the ferrite-austenite interface underneath the respective ferrite grains and after fast diffusing through this phase. Generally, the present application of chemometric imaging and structural analyses allows characterization of hydrogen assisted degradation at a sub-micron lateral resolution. & 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The June 28, 1992, Landers, California, earthquake (Mw = 7.3) was preceded for about 7 hours by a foreshock sequence consisting of at least 28 events. In this study we examine the geometry and temporal development of the foreshocks using high-precision locations based on cross correlation of waveforms recorded at nearby stations. By aligning waveforms, rather than trying to obtain travel time picks for each event independently, we are able to improve the timing accuracy greatly and to make very accurate travel time picks even for emergent arrivals. We perform a joint relocation using the improved travel times and reduce the relative location errors to less than 100 m horizontally and less than 200 m vertically. With the improved locations the geometry of the foreshock sequence becomes clear. The Landers foreshocks occurred at a right step of about 500 m in the mainshock fault plane. The nucleation zone as defined by the foreshock sequence is southeast trending to the south and nearly north trending to the north of the right step. This geometry is confirmed by the focal mechanisms of the foreshock sequence, which are right-lateral and follow the trend as determined by the foreshock locations on the two straight segments of the fault, and are rotated clockwise for foreshocks that occur within the step. The extent of the foreshock sequence is approximately 1 km both vertically and horizontally. Modeling of the Coulomb stress changes due to all previous foreshocks indicates that the foreshocks probably did not trigger each other. This result is particularly clear for the Mw = 4.4 immediate foreshock. Since stress transfer in the sequence appears not to have played a significant role in its development, we infer an underlying aseismic nucleation process, probably aseismic creep. Other studies have shown that earthquake nucleation may be controlled by fault zone irregularities. This appears to be true in the case of the Landers earthquake, although the size of the irregularity is so small that it is not detectable by standard location techniques.


The social cost of carbon is an estimate of the benefit of reducing CO2 emissions by one ton today. As such it is a key input into cost-benefit analysis of climate policy and regulation. We provide a set of new estimates of the social cost of carbon from the integrated assessment model FUND 3.5 and present a regional and sectoral decomposition of our new estimate. China, Western Europe and the United States have the highest share of harmful impacts, with the precise order depending on the discount rate. The most important sectors in terms of impacts are agriculture and increased energy use for cooling. We present an extensive sensitivity analysis with respect to the discount rate, equity weights, different socio economic scenarios and values for the climate sensitivity parameter.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22 nt) single strand RNA molecules predominantly found in eukaryotes. Being involved in many major biological processes, miRNAs can regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs to facilitate their degradation or translational inhibition. The imprecise splicing of miRNA splicing which introduces severe variability in terms of sequences of miRNA products and their corresponding downstream gene expression regulation. For example, to study biogenesis of miRNAs, usually, biologists can deplete a gene in the miRNA biogenesis pathway and study the change of miRNA sequences, which can cause impression of miRNAs. Although high-throughput sequencing technologies such as small RNA-seq provide unprecedented quantitative readouts for miRNA expression analysis, existing standalone tools developed for miRNA-seq analysis usually do not provide comprehensive and detailed information on miRNA splicing variations. To advance our understanding of miRNA variability by identifying significant miRNA imprecise splicing with statistical power, and to present a complete scenario of miRNA splicing regulation, we proposed a pipeline called GMAim as a Genome-wide MiRNA Imprecise splicing detection including read cataloging, miRNA family expression quantification, imprecise splicing identification and categorization. This pipeline was implemented with R and an R package was developed. Based on the cross validation, this tool is proved to be more powerful and accurate than other modern miRNA annotation tools by avoiding over-counting of sequence reads and quantification as well as fast implementation time.


Vapor-injection compressor technology is being used in refrigeration systems and heat pumps working at large differences between evaporating and condensing temperatures. However, there are no published standards for the characterization of this kind of compressors. Calorimetric benches are widely used to characterize compressors, nevertheless, the calorimetric benches, as known, cannot be used directly to characterize vapor-injection compressors, since the refrigerant conditions at the injection port are defined by the injecting temperature and the intermediate pressure. In addition, these intermediate conditions depend critically on the way in which the injection is performed (economizer, flash tank, liquid injection, etc.). Therefore, the characterization process of this type of compressors is more complex. In this paper, a methodology for characterizing vapor-injection compressors is proposed. The method allows measurement of vapor-injection compressors in a typical calorimetric test bench after implementing some minor modifications in order to incorporate the injection line. With these modifications, the system is capable of independently controlling the intermediate pressure and the injection temperature. The proposed methodology has been evaluated with a vapor-injection scroll compressor (of 17.1 m3/h) using R407C as a refrigerant. The measurement results and the performance parameters of the vapor-injection scroll compressor are presented. A simple correlation to estimate the injection mass flow rate as a function of the intermediate pressure has been found, that can be used to correlate the experimental results with high accuracy for several operating conditions. The advantages of the proposed methodology are the better control of the intermediate compression conditions and the possibility of testing vapor-injection compressors in a wide range of operating conditions.


Telehealth is growing rapidly and there is an increased need for high quality transmission of video over wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a method for achieving high quality within a diagnostically important region-of-interest (ROI) using mathematically lossless (M-lossless) video coding of the ROI and motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) of the video. The remaining region (non-ROI) is coded in a lossy manner. MCTF as a prefilter addresses the issue of noise in video. With the correct values of filter parameters, it results in very good denoising for noisy video and improved quality for even near noiseless video. The key motivation to use MCTF in our application is that in both cases it results in significant reduction of the required total bitrate. This is crucial on data rate constrained wireless networks. We also show how MCTF is particularly advantageous for the ROI. We study the advantages of MCTF in terms of (i) quality improvement, and (ii) bitrate reduction. We apply a mean MCTF to filter Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), and propose a new median MCTF to filter impulse noise. The results show that the applied techniques result in substantial improvement in quality and significant total bitrate reduction


OBJECTIVE
The research sought to ascertain medical and dental libraries' collection development policies, evaluation methods, purchase decisions, and issues that relate to print and electronic United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) preparation materials.

METHODS
The investigators surveyed librarians supporting American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited medical schools (n = 58/125) on the USMLE and librarians supporting American Dental Association (ADA)-accredited dental schools (n = 23/56) on the NBDE. The investigators analyzed the data by cross-tabulating and filtering the results using EFM Continuum web survey software. Investigators also surveyed print and electronic USMLE and NBDE preparation materials from 2004-2007 to determine the number of publications and existence of reviews.

RESULTS
A majority of responding AAMC libraries (62%, n = 58) provide at least 1 electronic or online USMLE preparation resource and buy an average of 11.6 print USMLE titles annually. Due to a paucity of NBDE print and electronic resources, ADA libraries bought significantly fewer print resources, and only 1 subscribed to an electronic resource. The most often reported evaluation methods for both populations were feedback from medical or dental students, feedback from medical or dental faculty, and online trials. Some AAMC (10%, n = 58) and ADA libraries (39%, n = 23) libraries reported that no evaluation of these materials occured at their libraries.

CONCLUSIONS
From 2004-2007, publishers produced 45 USMLE preparation resources (total n = 546) to every 1 NBDE preparation resource (total n = 12). Users' needs, institutional missions and goals, financial status, and official collection policies most often underlie decisions to collect or not collect examination preparation materials. Evaluating the quality of examination preparation materials can be problematic due to lack of published reviews, lack of usability testing by libraries, and librarians' and library users' unfamiliarity with the actual content of examinations. Libraries must integrate faculty and students into the purchase process to make sure examination preparation resources of the highest quality are purchased.


Despite remarkable efforts from the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) to promote access to health services among migrants, there remains an important gap about equity in utilizing health services among migrants residing in different economic status areas. This study aims to explore the equity in health service utilizations of migrants registered with Health Insurance Card Scheme. A cross-sectional quantitative design using provincial-level data was employed. Claim data of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and high-cost outpatient services, namely, vaccination and chemotherapy, in 2015 and 2016, and Gross Provincial Product per capita were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation and concentration index (CI). Significant negative Cis were found in the claims for ART in both years, which indicates that migrants residing in poor provinces access to ART more than migrants in rich provinces. However, the distribution of claims for children's vaccinations across provincial income was relatively equal showing that access to vaccination is quite equal across different geographical location as vaccinations were provided regardless of children's nationality. While the claims for chemotherapy had positive significant CIs in both years indicating better access to chemotherapy was observed in richer provinces because resources needed are relatively pooled in urbanized cities. This study suggests that access to health care services are not equal among migrants residing in rich and poor provinces. The most concern was on access to chemotherapy which is heavily concentrated among the economically well-off provinces. Thus, it is worth exploring whether and to what extent there are hindrances against access to care for such services, especially in the economically deprived areas. The non-reported claims for children's vaccinations in half of the provinces should also be explored. If there was a case of low coverage, a strategy to support and promote vaccinations to migrants is recommended.


Vapour-phase and particulate air samples were collected in a rural area of England in a cold period (20/11/2003 22/12/2003) and a warm period (5/5/2004 26/5/2004) to investigate the seasonal effect on gas-particle partitioning of PAHs. Three different sorptive models, namely Dachs-Eisenreich (ab/adsorption), KOA (absorption into organic layer) and KSA (adsorption on the soot surface) were applied and, as expected, the inclusion of an adsorptive mechanism provided better predictions of KP values for all PAHs. The ratios of measured-KP/Dachs-Eisenreich-KP are 1.03 ± 0.12 and 1.06 ± 0.15 in the cold period and warm period respectively for a group of medium molecular weight compounds. The model results indicate a far greater importance for both adsorptive and absorption processes rather than the absorption mechanism alone in determining the gas-particle partitioning of PAH. There was little difference between log KP values for the medium and high molecular weight PAH between the warm period and cold period campaigns despite a difference in mean temperature of 10oC. This can be explained by a difference in aerosol properties between the two campaigns and it is postulated to be attributable in minor part to a greater fraction of elemental carbon present in the warm period aerosol, which derives from a greater proportion of continental air masses than in the cold period, but predominantly to the lesser relative humidity in the warm period www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 136, © 2010 WIT Press Air Pollution XVIII 37 doi:10.2495/AIR100041 leading to lower hygroscopic growth of internally-mixed aerosol and consequently less blockage of adsorption sites by liquid water.


High Speed Railway (HSR) provides its customers not only safety, security, comfort and on-time commuting, but also a fast transportation alternative to air travel or regular passenger rail services. Providing these benefits would not be possible without the tremendous growth and prevalence of wireless communication technologies. Due to advances in wireless communication systems, both trains and passengers are connected through high speed wireless networks to the Internet, data centers and railroad control centers. Railroad communities, academia, related industries and standards bodies, even the European Space Agency, are involved in advancing developments of HSR for highly connected train communication systems. The goal of these efforts is to provide the capabilities for uninterrupted high-speed fault-tolerant communication networks for all possible geographic, structural and weather conditions. This survey provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art and future trends for wireless technologies aiming to realize the concept of HSR communication services. Our goal is to highlight the challenges for these technologies, including GSM-R, Wi-Fi, WIMAX, LTE-R, RoF, LCX & Cognitive Radio, the offered solutions, their performance, and other related issues. Currently, providing HSR services is the goal of many countries across the globe. Europe, Japan & Taiwan, China, as well as North & South America have increased their efforts to advance HSR technologies to monitor and control not only the operations but also to deliver extensive broadband solutions to passengers. This survey determined a trend of the industry to transition control plane operations towards narrowband frequencies, i.e. LTE400/700, and to utilize concurrently other technologies for broadband access for passengers such that services of both user and train control systems are supported. With traditional technologies, a tradeoff was required and often favored train control services over passenger amenities. However, with the advances in communication systems, such as LTE-R and cognitive radios, it is becoming possible for system designers to offer rich services to passengers while also providing support for enhanced train control operations such as Positive Train Control.


In the summer of 2000 X-Men surpassed all box office expectations and ushered in an era of unprecedented production of comic book film adaptations. This trend, now in its second decade, has blossomed into Hollywood's leading genre. From superheroes to Spartan warriors, The Comic Book Film Adaptation offers the first dedicated study to examine how comic books moved from the fringes of popular culture to the center of mainstream film production. Through in-depth analysis, industry interviews, and audience research, this book charts the cause-and-effect of this influential trend. It considers the cultural traumas, business demands, and digital possibilities that Hollywood faced at the dawn of the twenty-first century. The industry managed to meet these challenges by exploiting comics and their existing audiences. However, studios were caught off-guard when these comic book fans, empowered by digital media, began to influence the success of these adaptations. Nonetheless, filmmakers soon developed strategies to take advantage of this intense fanbase, while codifying the trend into a more lucrative genre, the comic book movie, which appealed to an even wider audience. Central to this vibrant trend is a comic aesthetic in which filmmakers utilize digital filmmaking technologies to engage with the language and conventions of comics like never before. The Comic Book Film Adaptation explores this unique moment in which cinema is stimulated, challenged, and enriched by the once-dismissed medium of comics.


Robin Charles (Ignatius) Whatley was born a 'Man of Kent' in 1936. He was educated at Ashford Grammar School, where an inspiring teacher, Frank Kenworthy, stimulated a series of pupils to become earth scientists, for example, John Catt (University College London), Roy Clements (Leicester University), Ron Cook (recently Vice Chancellor of York University) and Chris Wilson (Open University). Following a varied post-school career as a farmer (1954), National Serviceman (1955–1957), and inshore fisherman based at Christchurch, Hampshire (1957–1959), Robin joined Hull University to read Geology. He graduated with a First Class Honours Degree in 1962, one of the first two ever to be awarded by the department. An interest in Micropalaeontology, in particular ostracods, became apparent during undergraduate years and formed part of his BSc dissertation. A further three years at Hull followed, funded by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR, fore-runner of the modern research councils), leading to the award of a PhD degree in 1966 for a thesis on British Callovian and Oxfordian ostracods, carried out under the supervision of John Neale. As a mature student Robin felt it to be his duty to write stern letters to DSIR pointing out the shortcomings of its procedures and officials, and he was somewhat surprised when, visiting DSIR for a Post-Doctoral Fellowship interview, he discovered that his letters were regularly pinned to the staff notice board to be read by all. As it turned out a Fellowship was not required, as Robin was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Geology …


Device-associated microbial growth, including Candida biofilms, represents more than half of all human microbial infections and, despite a relatively small risk of implant-associated diseases, this type of infection usually leads to high morbidity, increased health-care costs and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Animal models are needed to elucidate the complex host-pathogen interactions that occur during the development of attached and structured biofilm populations. We describe here a new in vivo model to study Candida biofilm, based on the avascular implantation of small catheters in rats. Polyurethane biomaterials challenged with Candida cells were placed underneath the skin of immunosuppressed animals following only minor surgery. The model allowed the study of up to ten biofilms at once, and the recovery of mature biofilms from 2 days after implantation. The adhering inoculum was adjusted to the standard threshold of positive diagnosis of fungal infection in materials recovered from patients. Wild-type biofilms were mainly formed of hyphal cells, and they were unevenly distributed across the catheter length as observed in infected materials in clinical cases. The hyphal multilayered structure of the biofilms of wild-type strains was observed by confocal microscopy and compared to the monolayer of yeast or hyphal cells of two well-known biofilm-deficient strains, efg1Delta/efg1 Delta cph1Delta/cph1Delta and bcr1Delta /bcr1Delta, respectively. The subcutaneous Candida biofilm model relies on the use of implanted catheters with accessible, fast and minor surgery to the animals. This model can be used to characterize the ability of antimicrobial agents to eliminate biofilms, and to evaluate the prophylactic effect of antifungal drugs and biomaterial coatings.


The economic evaluation of drought impacts is essential in order to define efficient and sustainable management and mitigation strategies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic impacts of a drought event on the agricultural sector and measure how they are transmitted from primary production to industrial output and related employment. We fit econometric models to determine the magnitude of the economic loss attributable to water storage. The direct impacts of drought on agricultural productivity are measured through a direct attribution model. Indirect impacts on agricultural employment and the agri-food industry are evaluated through a nested indirect attribution model. The transmission of water scarcity effects from agricultural production to macroeconomic variables is measured through chained elasticities. The models allow for differentiating the impacts deriving from water scarcity from other sources of economic losses. Results show that the importance of drought impacts are less relevant at the macroeconomic level, but are more significant for those activities directly dependent on water abstractions and precipitation. From a management perspective, implications of these findings are important to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce drought risk exposure.


Most of association rule mining approaches aim to mine association rules considering exact matches between items in transactions. In this paper we present a new algorithm called SSDM (Semantically Similar Data Miner), which considers not only exact matches between items, but also the semantic similarity between them. SSDM uses fuzzy logic concepts to represent the similarity degree between items, and proposes a new way of obtaining support and confidence for the association rules containing these items.


OBJECTIVE
The differences in playfulness between young children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and children who are typically developing, and the comparative effects of two interventions (one focused on improving mother-child interaction patterns, the other a neurodevelopmental treatment [NDT] session) on children's playfulness were examined in this study. Reliability and validity of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) also were examined.

METHOD
Three trained raters used the ToP to score 38 children, half with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and half typically developing, as they played with their mothers. Mental ages of the children ranged from 3 to 18 months. The mother-child dyads in which the children had cerebral palsy and developmental delays were then randomly assigned to an intervention group. After a 1-hr intervention to improve mother-child interaction, the children were rescored on the ToP.

RESULTS
After examination of ToP reliability and validity, children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays were found to score significantly lower on the ToP than their peers who were typically developing. In addition, children whose mothers received an intervention to improve mother-child interactions scored significantly higher on the ToP after intervention than before intervention. However, the gain scores of children whose mothers received the intervention were not significantly higher than those of children who received direct NDT.

CONCLUSION
The results suggested that when the shared goal of parents and therapists is to enable children to express their inherent playfulness, intervention to improve parent-child interactions may be more potent than intervention directed at improving the child's developmental skills.


Newspapers are two-sided platforms that sell their product both to readers and advertisers. Media firms in general, and newspapers in particular, are considered important providers of information, culture and language in most countries. Newspapers are therefore given preferential tax treatment. We show that lower ad valorem taxes lead newspapers to become more differentiated. Thereby the competitive pressure falls, possibly resulting in higher newspaper prices and reduced quality investments.


Supply chains are ubiquitous in the manufacturing of many complex products. Traditionally, supply chains have been created through the intricate interactions of human representatives of the various companies involved. However recent advances in planning, scheduling, and autonomous agent technologies have sparked an interest, both in academia and in industry, in automating the process. The Trading Agent Competition Supply Chain Management (TAC SCM) scenario provides a unique testbed for studying and prototyping supply chain management agents by providing a competitive environment in which independently created agents can be tested against each other over the course of many simulations. This paper presents the features of TAC SCM from a planning and scheduling perspective and introduces TacTex-05, the champion agent from the 2005 competition. TacTex-05 takes a predictive approach to its many planning and scheduling decisions by estimating future resource availability and constraints. This paper focuses on these aspects of the agent and isolates their impact with controlled empirical tests.


This study is a case study in life telecommunication Corporation PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, Kandatel Malang " Application of Accountability Accounting as an Instrument of Management Controlling". (Lutfiana S.A, Dra. Endang Dwi,W, M. Si, Ak, Dra.Sri Wibawani, W A, M. Si, Ak) The aim of the study is to know about the application of accountability accounting as an instrument of manajement controlling in life Telecomunication Corporation of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Branch of Malang. Beside it is to analyze whether the accountability accounting as a management controlling had been precisely based on the theory that concerns to the conditions of the firm and how about the theories can solve the problems existing in the firm. The analysis is done by comparing to the basic concept that is requirement to form and retain accountability accounting, that is: organization structure that states clearly about authority and accountability of each management level, Cost Budgeting that is arranged for each of manajement level, cost accounting system that is to be concerned to organization structure, cost reporting system to the management who was accountability. While if it is related to the management controlling so it is also analyzed to the process of management controlling in the firm. From the analysis it shows that the firm has not been fully in applying the concept of the basic of accountability accounting and has not been able to do the process of management controlling precisely. This matter could be seen in: Account code that does not show separation of controlled cost and uncontrolled cost, organization structure of cost that has not been suited to organization structure, operation of the firm in controlling of expenses and revenues centrally, budgeting that is done just in once in a year. Based on the conclusion above, the writer can imply that is better for the PT. Telecomunication Corporation of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, Branch of Malang in attempting for management controlling, applying the concept of basic requirement of accountability accounting well and doing management controlling precisely so that the firm can retain or increase to the profit.


Research has shown that givenness is one of several factors that influence the choice of word order with the Dative Alternation in languages such as English. This paper investigates to what extent Norwegian children between the ages of 4;2 and 6;0 are sensitive to this factor in production. In order to test this, an experiment was carried out in which the children were prompted to produce structures involving ditransitive verbs when either the Theme or the Recipient was given. The results show that the children are sensitive to the impact of givenness, but while this is expressed through the choice of word order in Theme-given contexts (yielding the prepositional dative), it is expressed by argument omission in the Recipient-given contexts (resulting in one-argument responses with only the Theme overtly produced).


There is currently a rapid development of new types of wireless communication channels for industrial automation. This paper aims to provide some experimental data and theoretical justification on packet latency and packet loss for a wireless communication channel exposed to intentional radio interference. The intentional radio interference used in the experiments is an attempt to simulate possible future co-existence scenarios in a dense wireless communication environment at an industrial site. For the cases tested packet loses of less than 10\% was obtained. Latency is shown to depend on channel access and will has a deterministic behaviour.


Media and society are interdependent entities that are suspended seamlessly in a state of blissful co-existence where one feeds the other and vice versa. More so, when it comes to gender issues, wherein, media's narrative is shaped by societal norms and society imbibes a large part of its gender conversations from media. Media's representation of the masculine has largely been dictated by inherent patriarchal norms and the classic hegemonic patterns dominant in media narratives. However, as R.W. Connell recognised, there exists a diverse range of masculinities and its own hierarchical structure which is also represented through media content.
Over-the-top (OTT) platforms are gaining ground in India's crowded media scene because of factors like accessibility, affordability and variety of content. Indian content on OTT platforms are targeted at the young, urban, upwardly-mobile Indian middle class and are largely slick productions with hard-hitting, original storylines and closer-to-reality characterizations. Paatal Lok is one such very popular crime drama that has a primarily masculine narrative. This study uses R.W. Connell's three structures of gender relations: labour, power and cathexis to understand the representation of masculinities in Indian OTT media across class structures by identifying the hierarchies of masculinities in the Indian web series, Paatal Lok. The study uses qualitative techniques in the form of discourse analysis to gain further insight into the representation of different gradations of masculinities in contemporary Indian media.


The construction of a plug-in electrical race vehicle is presented in the paper.The vehicle is a prototype developed to be used for the Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) competition. The main aim of SEM is to minimize fuel consumption. According to the technical regulations and the overall dimensions, the layout of the vehicle has been estimated in order to reduce the mass and the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle. A high performance aerodynamic shape has been developed starting from the "Morelli's shape" which has been further optimized to reduce the aerodynamic drag. A CFD analysis has been completed to refine the vehicle shape and to reach the final body geometry. To reduce the frontal area the wheels have been connected to the main body by using CFRP wing beams and both suspension system and powertrain, have been integrated into the wheels. A highly efficient powertrain has been developed and an electronic differential has been implemented. All the subsystems have been optimized both to reduce the motion resistance of the vehicle and to maximize the efficiency.A numerical model of the vehicle has been developed in order to aid the design and to simulate the race strategy on different competition tracks. The model has been validated by considering data acquired during the race.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Unique aspects in the development of bi-stable load-type fluidic oscillators that satisfy the requirement of producing large-amplitude pressure fluctuations during the charging of vessels for potential implementation in industrial processes such as the superplastic forming process are addressed in this paper. A Pseudo-3D computational fluid dynamic model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the experimental values of the dimensionless frequencies and pressure fluctuation amplitudes as well as the experimental Schlieren images of the flow field obtained over a wide range of operating conditions. The Pseudo-3D model is also used to provide details of the fluid motion in the oscillator which could not be measured experimentally when investigating the operation of the device. The flow switching mechanism is identified as a consequence of a reduction of the flow deflection angle due to the increase of the downstream pressure load by the charging of feedback tanks. Some examples of the usefulness of the model as a cost-effective industrial design tool are also demonstrated. The effects of changing the number and size of the feedback tank volumes on the device frequency and amplitude of the oscillation are clearly shown using dimensionless variables.


It is very important to maintain supply reliability under the deregulated environment. The transient stability problem is one of the major concerns in studies of planning and operation of power systems. Nowadays, the time domain simulation is the best available tool for allowing the use of detailed models and for providing reliable results. The main limitations of this approach involve large time of computations. Therefore, this paper proposes a transient stability evaluation method using minimum transient kinetic energy of post-fault trajectories. This method can estimate critical clearing times with only two points of the minimum transient kinetic energy even if the trajectories after a clearing time are stable or unstable. The validity of the proposed method is shown by simulation studies with the IEEJ EAST 10 machine 47 bus system.


This text is based on the Joanna Briggs Oration, given at the 2005 Joanna Briggs International Conference, Adelaide, Australia. It is printed here with permission.

This paper provides an opportunity to reflect on evidence-based nursing. Where have we been? How far we have come? What are the current issues, and where are we going in terms of incorporating high quality evidence into clinical, education, management, and policy decisions? Is evidence-based nursing a passing fad, or does it contribute to quality, efficient health care?

Although the use of evidence is often recommended in relation to healthcare reform, institutional change, healthcare practitioner competence, or healthcare practitioner education, opponents argue that there is no evidence that evidence-based healthcare makes a difference. There are no sensitive system indicators; healthcare costs are highly influenced by the adoption and spread of technology; and mortality and morbidity are also influenced by many factors. Yet, evidence-based health care should have an impact on all 3 of these outcomes.

One of the earliest reviews to assess the effect of research based nursing practice on patient outcomes identified 84 relevant studies and showed "sizeable gains" in patients' behavioural, knowledge, physiological, and psychosocial outcomes compared with patients who received routine nursing care.1 However, evidence-based nursing is more than research utilisation. It is the incorporation of the best research evidence along with patient preferences, the clinical setting and circumstances, and healthcare resources into decisions about patient care.2 More recently, Thomas et al updated their review of the use of guidelines by healthcare practitioners other than physicians. They identified 18 studies of 467 healthcare providers (participants were nurses in all but 1 study). Although reporting of methods was poor in all included studies, 3 of 5 studies found improvements in at least some processes of care, and 6 of 8 studies …


markdownabstractParaneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are remote effects of cancer. These are not caused by invasion of the tumor or its metastasis nor by other direct effects of the tumor or its treatment. PNS are rare, affecting less than 0.1% of all cancer patients. PNS have a subacute course, leaving the patient severely disabled in weeks to months. In most cases PNS precede the diagnosis of cancer.
The discovery of paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies facilitated the diagnosis. 'Well characterized onconeural antibodies' are defined by recognizable patterns on rat brain immunohistochemistry and positive immunoblotting on recombinant antigen proteins. These are exclusively found in patients with cancer and include anti-Hu, Yo, CV2, Ri, Ma2 and amphiphysin. These antigens represent intracellular proteins, so in PNS damage is caused by cellular immune responses, explaining the poor response to immune modulating treatment and poor prognosis. We identified the anti-Tr antigen as the transmembrane protein Delta/ Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER).
More recently a still growing number of autoantibodies directed against synaptic or neuronal cell-surface antigens has been identified, including mGluR1, NMDA, AMPA and GABA receptors. These autoantibodies have direct access to their target antigen and are potentially pathogenic. The associated clinical syndromes may be paraneoplastic or may represent an autoimmune encephalitis (without underlying tumor). Patients harboring autoantibodies directed against synaptic or neuronal cell-surface antigens respond favorably to immunotherapy with a good outcome in up to 80%.
This thesis focuses on paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies and includes studies on new methods of autoantibody detection, identification of novel paraneoplastic antigen(s) and the description of clinical syndromes associated with newly detected paraneoplastic antibodies.


This paper investigates the economic value of trade when prices of transportation services are endogenous to cross-market price spreads. This is relevant for liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. LNG transportation capacity is limited in the short-run, and long lead-times are involved in extending the transportation infrastructure. We establish empirically that LNG transportation costs have been endogenous to regional gas prices spreads. As such, transportation service providers have been able to capture part of the price spread. We proceed to develop a method to value LNG exports under conditions of endogenous transportation costs and market integration. We use this method to quantify the effect of endogenous transportation costs on the value of LNG exports from the US to Japan. Our analysis shows that when transportation costs are correctly treated as endogenous, the LNG export benefit can drop by as much as 20-50% relative to the case of exogenous cost.


The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of cytokines perform many important functions in processes such as inflammation, cell growth, and tissue remodeling, to name but a few. TGF-β1 is essential for wound healing and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The semaphorins are another large family of proteins, members of which are known to be critical for axon guidance and have been implicated in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease. Kang et al. investigated a possible role for the semaphorin SEMA7A in contributing to TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in the lung. They established two transgenic mouse strains with doxycycline-inducible expression of TGF-β1, one of which was also a SEMA7A-deficient mouse (SEMA7A KO), whereas the other TGF-β1 transgenic animal was wild type (WT) with respect to SEMA7A. In this way the authors could investigate the effects of overproduction of TGF-β1 (through the administration of doxycycline-water to mice) in the presence or absence of SEMA7A. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analyses showed that TGF-β1 stimulated an increase in the production of SEMA7A and its receptors, plexin C1 and integrin β1. TGF-β1 caused fibrosis in the lungs of WT mice, as shown by histological analysis, but this was much reduced in SEMA7A KO mice. The collagen content of the lungs of wild-type mice was much higher than that in the lungs of SEMA7A KO mice, further demonstrating a role for SEMA 7A in mediating the fibrotic effects of TGF-β1. Loss of SEMA7A did not adversely affect the ability of TGF-β1 to activate its target transcription factors Smads 2 and 3, indicating that SEMA7A did not have a role in mediating TGF-β1-induced inflammation. The ability of TGF-β1 to stimulate the production of extracellular matrix-associated proteins such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin, and fibroregulatory cytokines including IL-18, was completely abolished in the absence of SEMA7A. Deletion of SEMA7A also blocked the ability of TGF-β1 to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Finally, bleomycin-induced fibrosis (which is dependent on TGF-β1) was greatly diminished in SEMA7A KO mice compared with WT mice, as measured by histochemistry and collagen content. This study provides evidence for a previously unappreciated role for SEMA7A in meditating the effects of TGF-β1 in tissue fibrosis. H.-R. Kang, C. G. Lee, R. J. Homer, J. A. Elias, Semaphorin 7A plays a critical role in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1083-1093 (2007). [Abstract] [Full Text]