Three seasonal stories set in Paris at Christmas, from the celebrated creator of Inspector Maigret. It is Christmas in Paris, but beneath the sparkling lights and glittering decorations lie sinister deeds and dark secrets... This collection brings together three of Simenon's most enjoyable Christmas tales, newly translated, featuring Inspector Maigret and other characters from the Maigret novels. In 'A Maigret Christmas', the Inspector receives two unexpected visitors on Christmas Day, who lead him on the trail of a mysterious intruder dressed in red and white. In 'Seven Small Crosses in a Notebook', the sound of alarms over Paris send the police on a cat and mouse chase across the city. And 'The Little Restaurant in Les Ternes (A Christmas Story for Grown-Ups)' tells of a cynical woman who is moved to an unexpected act of festive charity in a nightclub - one that surprises even her...


Reservoir-induced earthquakes are a challenging issue for hydropower, and have occurred at many sites around the world. However, each event is unique in itself and depends on the geo-tectonics and geo-hydrology of the area in which the event is situated. This article focuses on seismic events at the Song Tranh 2 hydropower project located in Quang Nam province, Vietnam. The construction of the 96 meter high Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dam of this project was completed in August 2011. Approximately one year after commissioning, the dam began experiencing a serious leakage problem through the dam body. In addition, a series of earthquakes occurred near the project area, and continued for several months. The high intensity and magnitude of the earthquakes caused damage to the project and promoted fear among the local people living in the downstream valley. The issues drew significant media attention and thousands of articles about this project were written within a short time. As a result, dam authorities have been subject to extreme public pressure.This paper describes the earthquake events and difficult situation that both the local population and authorities faced in its aftermath. In addition, we analyze seismic events qualitatively,using data and information on the water filling and drawdown processes. Our analysis provides an insight into these seismic events, as we reconstruct the earthquake scenarios and test a hypothesis of earthquake occurrence. Future earthquake activities are also predicted and compared. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11285 HYDRO Nepal Journal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Volume: 15, 2014, July Page: 16-20


This article addresses a particular Transfer Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem: when dynamics do not change from one task to another, and only the reward function does. Our method relies on two ideas, the first one is that transition samples obtained from a task can be reused to learn on any other task: an immediate reward estimator is learnt in a supervised fashion and for each sample, the reward entry is changed by its reward estimate. The second idea consists in adopting the optimism in the face of uncertainty principle and to use upper bound reward estimates. Our method is tested on a navigation task, under four Transfer RL experimental settings: with a known reward function, with strong and weak expert knowledge on the reward function, and with a completely unknown reward function. It is also evaluated in a Multi-Task RL experiment and compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Results reveal that this method constitutes a major improvement for transfer/multi-task problems that share dynamics.


The edition of Nietzsche's correspondence is concluded with the commentary on the letters from and to Nietzsche in the crisis-ridden period from 1887 to 1889. The effort required for the commentary is particularly great for this time, as nearly every document from the period has been subjected to intense comment and interpretation. Renate MA1/4ller-Buck, who has proved her worth in editing the letters from the very beginnning of the project, has not only been involved in collating and accessing the manuscript resources (particularly the drafts of letters) but has over and above this devoted her attention to unravelling difficult personal connections, personal and literary allusions and the complicated networks in this wide-ranging correspondence. The comprehensive index to Section III, to which Holger Schmid has made an equal contribution, now provides access to the final and most complex episode in Friedrich Nietzsche's life and work.


Abstract In recent years, the research literature on mathematics disabilities (MD) has shown relative growth. The characteristics of children with MD have thus been investigated from different perspectives. The purpose of this paper was to review one aspect of this growing literature: the performance of children with MD on arithmetic facts and word problems. Alongside this primary concern, the paper examined some of the issues surrounding MD. The results suggest that because of the unresolved issue on definition, investigators have used different operational definitions for MD. Despite this variation, studies were consistent in showing that the MD/RD children's performances on both number facts and word problems were significantly worse than the performances of NA children. Results were partly inconsistent when it comes to differences between MD-only and NA children, however. Whereas most studies documented better performance for the NA children, some showed that the two groups had comparable performances on both number facts and word problems particularly when these tasks were not complex or timed. The implications for further research are discussed. ********** Introduction For some years now, mathematics disabilities (MD) have been recognized as a type of learning disabilities (LD), as evidenced by the inclusion of mathematics in LD definitions (Bryant, Bryant, & Hammill, 2000). There is also general consensus among professionals in the field that MD is widespread in young children and that it has serious educational consequences (e.g., Bryant et al., 2000; Ginsburg, 1997; Jordan & Hanich, 2000; Jordan & Montani, 1997; Ostad, 1998). Despite this condition, discussions and research on LD have mostly been limited to difficulties in the area of reading and spelling for many years (Ginsburg, 1997; Hitch & McAuley, 1991; Jordan & Hanich, 2000; Jordan & Montani, 1997; Rourke & Conway, 1997). Little attention has thus been given to MD and there exists a relative lack of research in the area (Badian, 1983). The limited effort in research on MD is particularly evident when one examines the research efforts devoted to understanding poor reading achievement and reading disabilities (RD; Dockrell & McShane, 1993; Geary, Hoard, & Hamson, 1999). However, in an attempt to redress this condition, researchers in the last decade have explored characteristics of children with MD from several perspectives. Consequently, the research literature is increasing year by year, although relatively slowly. The main purpose of this paper was to review this growing literature with a specific focus on comparing the mathematics performance profiles of children with MD and their normally achieving (NA) peers. The performance of these children could be assessed on different mathematical subtests such as simple computations, quantitative concepts, and word problem solving. Because such subtests are considered different at least in their difficulty (see Jordan & Montani, 1997; Ostad, 1998), examining between-group and within-group differences could provide useful information. The examination could raise the following important questions: Do students with MD differ from NA children in their performance? If so, on which subtests? Does their performance vary with difficulty of the subtests? Or do they perform worse than NA children on all subtests? Answers to these questions could provide useful directions for work with MD children as well as for further research. Among other things, the answers could help plan and develop appropriate intervention/remedial programs for children with MD. But before reviewing this literature, the paper first explores issues surrounding the MD concept. The rationale for raising these issues when the primary concern is examination of group differences derives from the belief that exploring group differences in an area like MD could not be complete without a discussion of the controversial issues. …


The potential risk of spirometers in the transmission of respiratory infections has not been yet established. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the rate of colonization of a water-sealed spirometer and a pneumotachograph, and the potential risk of cross-transmission of microorganisms to patients using each of these devices. Fifty four patients (aged 51 +/- 18 (mean +/- SD) yrs) were included in the study. All of them had undergone forced spirometry with bronchodilator response by means of the water-sealed spirometer (n = 36) or the pneumotachograph (n = 18). None had a clinically apparent respiratory infection at the time of the study. Routine hygiene measures for respiratory equipment were performed before the study protocol. Samples for microbiological cultures of different parts both of the water-sealed spirometer (proximal and distal tubing, bell and water-bell) and pneumotachograph (proximal and distal tubing) were taken daily before and after the usual series of lung function tests during a 5 day period. Pharyngeal swab cultures were obtained before spirometry and 7 days later in each subject. Thirty six out of a total of 40 (90%) culture samples from the water-sealed spirometer showed microbial growth compared to 4 out of 30 (13%) samples obtained from the pneumotachograph (p < 0.0001). Significant colonization of the water-sealed spirometer was apparent after the third day of the study. The microorganisms most frequently isolated were penicillium sp. (62%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (32%), and Burkholderia cepacea (48%). Distal tubing, water and water-bell were the parts of the water-sealed spirometer that showed higher colonization counts (> or = 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu).mL-1). No transmission sequence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms from equipment to patients or vice versa could be demonstrated. In summary, the water-sealed spirometer frequently became colonized by microorganisms. The potential hazard of such equipment as reservoirs of microorganisms suggests a need for the implementation of new hygiene measures for their maintenance.


Transportation from receiving terminals and condensed fuel gas production plants is accomplished by sea, railway and road transport using the standard (ISO) tank-containers, dedicated tanks and cryogenic semi-trailers.
Recently, the 20 ft and 40 ft tank containers, optimally adapted for multimodal transport have become commonplace.
The use of cryogenic semi-trailers with vacuum-perlite, polyurethane, multi-layer and combined insulation with a capacity of up to 54,000 liters of condensed fuel gas allows for creating a flexible and elastic delivery system to the market.


Heat radiation and near-field radiative heat transfer can be strongly manipulated by adjusting geometrical shapes, optical properties, or the relative positions of the objects involved. Typically, these objects are considered as embedded in vacuum. By applying the methods of fluctuational electrodynamics, we derive general closed-form expressions for heat radiation and heat transfer in a system of N arbitrary objects embedded in a passive nonabsorbing background medium. Taking into account the principle of reciprocity, we explicitly prove the symmetry and positivity of transfer in any such system. Regarding applications, we find that the heat radiation of a sphere as well as the heat transfer between two parallel plates is strongly enhanced by the presence of a background medium. Regarding near- and far-field transfer through a gas like air, we show that a microscopic model (based on gas particles) and a macroscopic model (using a dielectric contrast) yield identical results. We also compare the radiative transfer through a medium like air and the energy transfer found from kinetic gas theory.


ABSTRACT The laminated structure of the retina is fundamental for the organization of the synaptic circuitry that translates light input into patterns of action potentials. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell migration and layering of the retina are poorly understood. Here, we show that RBX2, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL5, is essential for retinal layering and function. RBX2 regulates the final cell position of rod bipolar cells, cone photoreceptors and Muller glia. Our data indicate that sustained RELN/DAB1 signaling, triggered by depletion of RBX2 or SOCS7 – a CRL5 substrate adaptor known to recruit DAB1 – causes rod bipolar cell misposition. Moreover, whereas SOCS7 also controls Muller glia cell lamination, it is not responsible for cone photoreceptor positioning, suggesting that RBX2, most likely through CRL5 activity, controls other signaling pathways required for proper cone localization. Furthermore, RBX2 depletion reduces the number of ribbon synapses and disrupts cone photoreceptor function. Together, these results uncover RBX2 as a crucial molecular regulator of retina morphogenesis and cone photoreceptor function. Summary: RBX2, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL5, provides a key mechanism to maintain proper retinal cell position and cone function in mouse.


Changes to the healthcare system such as a decrease in resources, combined roles of emergency department personnel, and delivery of mental health treatment in emergency departments has necessitated further investigation of the role of social workers in the emergency department. Using a qualitative research design, eight participants from rural emergency departments were surveyed regarding how they perceived mental health emergencies and mental health crises within the emergency department, and their perceptions of the social work role. Findings of this study suggest that a social worker is a valuable addition to the interdisciplinary team in the emergency department. Additionally it indicated that mental health interventions and services remain stigmatized, caring for mental health patients impacts the care of other patients, the emergency department has become a point of entry for many resources, there is a lack of training in mental health services, and a lack of understanding in the specific skill set and role of social work. These findings support the importance for social work presence in the emergency department as well as the need for future research in various areas related to social work and mental health within hospital emergency departments.


Background and Purpose—Moderate alcohol consumption is protective against coronary disease, but its relationship to ischemic stroke (IS) is controversial. Methods—Stroke-free participants 40 years of age identified by random-digit dialing were enrolled in a prospective cohort study between 1993 and 2001. Alcohol consumption was assessed through in-person interview and categorized as none in the past year, 1 drink in past month to 2 per day (moderate drinkers), and 2 drinks daily. Lifetime drinking was also assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to assess hazard ratios and their 95% CIs for the association of drinking with risk of stroke and vascular events. Results—Mean age among participants (n 3176) was 69.1 10.3 years; 62.8% were women, 20.8% were non-Hispanic white, 24.5% non-Hispanic black, and 52.4% were Hispanic. No alcohol in the previous year was present in 62.3%, and 32.5% drank moderately. After adjusting for other risk factors compared with those who did not drink in the past year, moderate drinkers had a reduced risk of IS (0.67; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.99) and IS, myocardial infarction, or vascular death (0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94). Results were similar when never-drinkers were used as referent group. Reduction in risk was seen for nonatherosclerotic IS subtypes, and results stratified by age, sex, and race– ethnicity were similar. Conclusion—Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of IS in a multiethnic population. This effect is independent of other risk factors and holds for nonatherosclerotic stroke subtypes. (Stroke. 2006;37:13-19.)


The role of different isoforms of cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) in mediating the acute (0‐6 h) and late (24 h) phases of inflammation was investigated in the rat knee joint following intra‐articular injection of carrageenan. The hyperaemic response was assessed transcutaneously using laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Samples were taken at corresponding time points for detection of synovial COX‐1, COX‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and measurement of urinary prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). A non‐selective COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 15 mg kg−1i.p.), a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (SC‐236, 16.8 mg kg−1i.p.) or vehicle were administered 1 h prior to carrageenan in the acute phase study. LDI scans were taken hourly for 4 h post‐induction. Inflammatory hyperaemia in the vehicle group was attenuated in the indomethacin‐ (P < 0.001, two‐way ANOVA) and SC‐236‐treated groups (P < 0.0001), with no difference between these treatments. At 24 h, i.v. infusion of indomethacin (0.1 mg min−1), increased vascular resistance (24 ± 7.1 %; P < 0.05) compared to vehicle infusion, whereas SC‐236 (0.11 mg min−1) did not. Resistance changes to indomethacin also differed from SC‐236 (P < 0.05). Knee joint diameter progressively increased over 24 h (P < 0.0001, one‐way ANOVA). Urinary PG levels increased by 6 h (P < 0.05), but returned to baseline by 24 h. COX‐1 mRNA was detectable at all time points; COX‐2 mRNA only at 3 h. Urinary NOx levels increased progressively over 24 h (P < 0.05), paralleled by induction of iNOS in the 3 and 24 h samples. Prostaglandin production via COX‐2 appears to mediate the development of acute inflammatory hyperaemia, but nitrergic mechanisms may supervene subsequently. COX‐1 but not COX‐2 contributes to the maintenance of basal blood flow in the hyperaemic joint at 24 h.


In this article we investigate algorithms for solving non-linear multivariate equations over nite elds and the relation between them. For non binary elds usually computing the Gröbner basis of the corresponding ideal is the best choice in this context. One class of algorithms is based on Buchberger's algorithm. Today's best algorithms like F4 and F5 belong to this class. Another strategy to solve such systems is called eXtended Linearization (XL) from Eurocrypt 2000. In the past both strategies were treated as di erent ideas and there was a heated discussion which of them to prefer. Since Ars et al. proved in 2004 that XL is a redundant version of F4, the latter seemed to be the winner. But that was not the end of the line as piece for piece the idea emerged that both classes are only di erent views on the same problem. We even think that they are just di erent time-memory optimizations. One indication to that can be found in the PhD of Albrecht, who introduced MatrixF5, a F5 version of XL. A second indication can be found in the PhD of Mohamed, who introduced a memory-friendly version of XL using Wiedemanns algorithm. We want to give further evidence by providing a theoretical analysis of MutantXL. We show that MutantXL solves at the same degree of regularity as its competitors F4 and F5 for most instances. Thereby we also con rm recent results of Albrecht, who showed that MutantXL is a redundant version of F4, i.e. it never solves below the degree of regularity of F4. We show that MutantXL has, compared to WiedemannXL, to pay its gain in e ciency with memory. To enhance the understanding of the whole XL-family of algorithms we give a full overview from Relinearization over XL to MutantXL and provide some additional theoretical insights. 2 Enrico Thomae, Christopher Wolf


During the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic the Newark rift basin of the northeastern US accumulated in excess 5 km of continental, mostly lacustrine strata that show a profound cyclicity previously interpreted as caused by the astronomical forcing of tropical climate. The Newark record is known virtually in its entirety as a result of scientific and other coring and provides what is arguably one of the longest records of climate cyclicity available. Two proxies of water depth and hence climate in this record are a classification of sedimentary structures (depth ranks) and sediment colour. The depth rank and colour depth series display a full range of climatic precession related cycles. Here, we tune the depth rank and colour records to the 404 ka astronomical cycle and use this tuned record to explore the existence and origin of very long–period climate. We find highly significant periods of climatic precession modulation at periods of ca.1.75 Ma, 1 Ma and 700 ka in not only the depth rank and colour records, but also in the sedimentation rate curve derived from the tuning process. We then use the colour and depth rank time–series to construct an astronomically tuned time–scale for the Late Triassic. While the Newark higher–frequency eccentricity cycles that modulate precession are indistinguishable from today, the 1.75 Ma cycle is significantly different from predictions based on the present day fundamental frequencies of the planets (i.e. 2.5 Ma) and provides the first geological evidence of the chaotic behaviour of the inner planets, otherwise known only from numerical calculations.


This chapter presents a concise overview of the mechanics of failure, analysis and requalification procedures of pile foundations in liquefiable soils during earthquakes. The aim is to build a strong conceptual and technical interpretation in order to gain insight into the mechanisms governing the failure of structures in liquefaction and specify effective requalification techniques. In this regard, several most common failure mechanisms of piles during seismic liquefaction such as bending (flexural), buckling instability and dynamic failure of the pile are introduced. Furthermore, the dynamic response commentary is provided by critically reviewing experimental investigations carried out using a shaking table and centrifuge modelling procedures. The emphasis is placed on delineating the concept of seismic design loads and important aspects of the dynamic behaviour of piles in liquefiable soils. In this context, using Winkler foundation approach with the proposed p–y curves and finite-element analyses in conjunction with numerical analysis methods, are outlined. Moreover, the feasibility of successful remediation techniques for earthquake resistance is briefly reviewed in light of the pile behaviour and failure. Finally, practical recommendations for achieving enhanced resistance of the seismic response of pile foundation in liquefiable soil are provided.


Continuous Improvement initiatives put in place the necessary elements to allow an organisation to identify and implement improvements on an ongoing basis. Structured approaches to quality and process improvement started with total quality managenment, and developed with Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, and Lean Six Sigma. Despite the benefits these can bring, Continuous Improvement efforts are consistently reported to have a high failure rate. Research, however, regularly focuses on success factors rather than directly addressing failures, and as a result, failure factors are currently fragmented. The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review detailing why Continuous Improvement initiatives within manufacturing environments may fail. The paper describes the systematic review protocol followed and reasoning associated. From the 72 journal articles selected, it is evident that initiatives can fail due to a multitude of individual variables. The main contribution of the paper is the grouping of these under eight core themes: Motives & Expectations, Culture & Environment, Management Leadership, Implementation Approach, Training, Project Management, Employee Involvement Levels, and Feedback & Results. The findings provide insight regarding the complexity of organisational change involving Continuous Improvement implementation. The need for future research to develop the themes into a framework is also discussed.


To investigate the role of insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II) in human prenatal growth, IGF‐II binding and biological action were studied in four lines of fetal and three lines of postnatal human fibroblasts. Specific biniding of IGF‐II was similar in both groups: 15.7% and 14.9% for fetal and postnatal fibroblasts, respectively. This was 5–10 times the amount of IGF‐I binding found in these cells. IGF‐I and IGF‐II caused dose‐dependent increases in [14C]aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake. IGF‐II was sevenfold less potent than IGF‐I in stimulating this metabolic response in both fetal and postnatal fibroblasts. The maximal effect of IGF‐II in stimulating [14C]AIB uptake approached that of IGF‐I. Similar results were obtained when IGF‐I and IGF‐II stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation was compared in fetal and postnatal fibroblasts. Incubation in the presence of alphalR‐3, a monoclonal antibody to the type I IGF receptor, inhibited the ability of both IGF‐I and IGF‐II to stimulate [14C]AIB uptake and [3H]thymidine incorporation in fetal and postnatal cells. A monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor did not affect IGF action. These data indicate that IGF‐II is a potent metabolic and mitogenic stimulus for human fetal firoblasts. However, despite the presence of abundant type II IGF receptors on both fetal and postnatal human fibroblasts, IGF‐II stimulation of amino acid transport and DNA synthesis appears to be mediated through the type I rather than through its own type II IGF receptor.


KESKIN, G., F. Fusun TATLIDIL and I. DELLAL, 2010. An analysis of tomato production cost and labor force productivity in Turkey. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 15: 692-699 The aim of this study is to determine the unit production cost and labor force productivity of tomato in the main production regions. The main material of the study consists of the data compiled by survey studies implemented in provincial directorates of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. As a result of the study, the unit product cost is calculated minimum with 0.10-0.11 YTL/kg in the provinces where industrial tomato production is a widespread activity. The unit cost in table tomato production is minimum in the province of Eskisehir with a value of 0.16 YTL/kg and maximum in the province of Antalya, where production under greenhouse conditions is a widespread activity, with a value of 0.45 YTL/kg. Labor force productivity is maximum in the provinces of Bursa and Antalya and minimum in the province of Balikesir, where tomato is not planted in rotation with other products and where tomato agriculture suffers from various diseases.


In this thesis, we consider two main subjects: the refined BPS invariants of Calabi-Yau threefolds, and three-dimensional Chern-Simons theory with complex gauge group. We study the wall-crossing behavior of refined BPS invariants using a variety of techniques, including a four-dimensional supergravity analysis, statistical-mechanical melting crystal models, and relations to new mathematical invariants. We conjecture an equivalence between refined invariants and the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of Kontsevich and Soibelman. We then consider perturbative Chern-Simons theory with complex gauge group, combining traditional and novel approaches to the theory (including a new state integral model) to obtain exact results for perturbative partition functions. We thus obtain a new class of topological invariants, which are not of finite type, defined in the background of genuinely nonabelian flat connections. The two main topics, BPS invariants and Chern-Simons theory, are connected at both a formal and (we believe) deeper conceptual level by the striking central role that the quantum dilogarithm function plays in each.


The hot torsion simulator has been extensively used as a means to understand the microstructure evolution
of different steel grades during hot rolling. The test is suitable to simulate 'real' industrial schedules as
well as schedules designed to obtain information regarding the intrinsic properties of the materials. For example,
it is common to apply 'average' schedules, in which deformation per pass, interpass time, strain rate
and cooling rate are kept constant, to determine the characteristic temperatures Ar3, Ar1 and Tnr (start and
finish of the austenite transformation and no recrystallization temperatures) of steels. In this work, both a
'real' schedule simulating a rolling schedule in a reversing mill and an 'average' schedule were applied to a
series of Ti and Nb microalloyed steels. In general, the steels exhibited somewhat different behaviours for
the different thermomechanical schedules, e.g. the pancaking temperature region is easily detectable after
an 'average' schedule, while for the 'real' schedule some softening can be detected in the pancaking region,
which is strongly dependent on the strain and interpass time. Moreover, the paper analyzes a new approach
to stress-strain curves, which is used to better understand the sequence of events which take place during
rolling and their dependence on rolling parameters.


Russia's Eurasian view of the world brings together anti-Western and state-centric elements. Placed at the center of its own geo-political sphere of influence and civilizational milieu, Russia's worldview is self-contained and insular. What Russian policy slights is the global context in which its primacy over a heterogeneous Eurasia is embedded and which, when disregarded, can impose serious costs. This paper traces the broad contours of Russia's geopolitical and civilizational Eurasianism, linking it to earlier scholarship on regions and civilization. We also explore selected aspects of Russia's foreign security (Crimea and Ukraine) and economic (energy) policies as well as the constraints they encounter in an increasingly global world that envelops Russia and Eurasia in a larger context.


This paper presents a hardware implementation of a Residue Polynomial Multiplier (RPM), designed to accelerate the full Residue Number System (RNS) variant of the Fan-Vercauteren scheme proposed by Bajard et al. [BEHZ16]. Our design speeds up polynomial multiplication via a Negative Wrapped Convolution (NWC) which locally computes the required RNS channel dependent twiddle factors. Compared to related works, this design is more versatile regarding the addressable parameter sets for the BFV scheme. This is mainly brought by our proposed twiddle factor generator that makes the design BRAM utilization independent of the RNS basis size, with a negligible communication bandwidth usage for non-payload data. Furthermore, the generalization of a DFT hardware generator is explored in order to generate RNS friendly NTT architectures. This approach helps us to validate our RPM design over parameter sets from the work of Halevi et al. [HPS18]. For the depth-20 setting, we achieve an estimated speed up for the residue polynomial multiplications greater than 76 during ciphertexts multiplication, and greater than 16 during relinearization. It thus results in a single-threaded Mult&Relin ciphertext operation in 109.4 ms (×3.19 faster than [HPS18]) with RPM counting for less than 15% of the new computation time. Our RPM design scales up with reasonable use of hardware resources and realistic bandwidth requirements. It can also be exploited for other RNS based implementations of RLWE cryptosystems.


Sri Aurobindo's teachings on Integral Yoga are couched in a universal and impersonal language, and could be considered an early input to contemporary transpersonal psychology. Yet, while he was writing his principal works in English, he was also keeping a diary of his experiences and understandings in a personal patois that hybridized English and Sanskrit. A hermeneutic perusal of this text, The Record of Yoga, published by the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, uncovers the semiotics of Indian yoga traditions, showing how Sri Aurobindo utilizes and furthers their discourse, and where he introduces new elements which may be considered "modern." This essay takes a psychobiographical approach to the life of Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950), tracing his encounters with texts and situated traditions of Indian yoga from the period of his return to India from England (1893) till his settlement in Pondicherry (1910), to excavate the traditional roots and modern ruptures of his own yoga practice, which goes to inform his nonsectarian yoga teachings.


Abstract. In northern Mongolia, at the southern boundary of the Siberian boreal forest
belt, the distribution of steppe and forest is generally linked to climate
and topography, making this region highly sensitive to climate change and
human impact. Detailed investigations on the limiting parameters of forest
and steppe in different biomes provide necessary information for
paleoenvironmental reconstruction and prognosis of potential landscape
change. In this study, remote sensing data and gridded climate data were
analyzed in order to identify main distribution patterns of forest and steppe
in Mongolia and to detect environmental factors driving forest development.
Forest distribution and vegetation vitality derived from the normalized
differentiated vegetation index (NDVI) were investigated for the three types
of boreal forest present in Mongolia (taiga, subtaiga and forest–steppe),
which cover a total area of 73 818 km 2 . In addition to the
forest type areas, the analysis
focused on subunits of forest and nonforested areas at the upper and lower
treeline, which represent ecological borders between vegetation types.
Climate and NDVI data were analyzed for a reference period of 15 years from
1999 to 2013. The presented approach for treeline delineation by identifying representative
sites mostly bridges local forest disturbances like fire or tree cutting.
Moreover, this procedure provides a valuable tool to distinguish the
potential forested area. The upper treeline generally rises from 1800 m
above sea level (a.s.l.) in the northeast to 2700 m a.s.l. in the south.
The lower treeline locally emerges at 1000 m a.s.l. in the northern taiga
and rises southward to 2500 m a.s.l. The latitudinal gradient of both
treelines turns into a longitudinal one on the eastern flank of mountain
ranges due to higher aridity caused by rain-shadow effects. Less productive
trees in terms of NDVI were identified at both the upper and lower treeline
in relation to the respective total boreal forest type area. The mean growing
season temperature (MGST) of 7.9–8.9  ∘ C and a minimum MGST of
6  ∘ C are limiting parameters at the upper treeline but are
negligible for the lower treeline. The minimum of the mean annual
precipitation (MAP) of 230–290 mm yr −1 is a limiting parameter at the
lower treeline but also at the upper treeline in the forest–steppe ecotone.
In general, NDVI and MAP are lower in grassland, and MGST is higher compared
to the corresponding boreal forest. One exception occurs at the upper
treeline of the subtaiga and taiga, where the alpine vegetation consists of
mountain meadow mixed with shrubs. The relation between NDVI and climate data
corroborates that more precipitation and higher temperatures generally lead
to higher greenness in all ecological subunits. MGST is positively correlated
with MAP of the total area of forest–steppe, but this correlation turns
negative in the taiga. The limiting factor in the forest–steppe is the
relative humidity and in the taiga it is the snow cover distribution. The
subtaiga represents an ecological transition zone of approximately
300 mm yr −1 precipitation, which occurs independently from the MGST. Since the treelines are mainly determined by climatic parameters, the rapid
climate change in inner Asia will lead to a spatial relocation of tree communities, treelines and
boreal forest types. However, a direct deduction of future tree vitality,
forest composition and biomass trends from the recent relationships between
NDVI and climate parameters is challenging. Besides human impact, it must
consider bio- and geoecological issues like, for example, tree rejuvenation,
temporal lag of climate adaptation and disappearing permafrost.


Student learning must be the touchstone by which teachers and teacher educators are gauged, say the authors. After studying the articles in the November 1996 Kappan on "Quality Teaching for the 21st Century," they suggest that the authors in that section seem not to share this view. Arthur Wise deserves praise for his work as guest editor of the special section on "Quality Teaching for the 21st Century," which appeared in the November 1996 Kappan. The teacher preparation and licensure community likewise deserves kudos for its progress in articulating policies focused on the dual concepts of quality assurance and the professionalization of teaching and for fostering the creation of the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, whose fall 1996 report, in Wise's words, "provides a blueprint" for a new system of teacher preparation and development.' We agree that teacher quality and professionalization are appropriate anchor points for policy, but we take issue with the meanings that are being given these anchors. The questions we wish to raise and address here are: Quality assurance for what? Professionalization in whose terms? The Meaning of Quality Assurance The authors in the November 1996 special section wrote of quality assurance as some variation of "what teachers know and are able to do." For example, Wise talked of three organizations - accreditation, state licensing, and board certification - "working together to develop complementary standards, so that preparation standards reflect the skills and knowledge needed for state licensing examinations and so that both accreditation and licensing help candidates and teachers build the skills needed for success on board certification assessments."(2) In introducing the recommendations of the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Linda Darling-Hammond stated, "The plan is aimed at ensuring that all schools have teachers with the knowledge and skills they need to enable all children to learn."(3) She quoted the report of the Commission as saying, "Our highest priority must be to reach agreement on what teachers should know and be able to do in order to help students succeed."(4) Even Albert Shanker chose to focus on the knowledge side of the equation rather than on the dimension of success with children. He suggested that teachers and their organizations "work with licensing bodies and professional standards boards to require that entering teachers meet high national standards that include knowledge of their disciplines, knowledge of how students learn, and knowledge of the liberal arts as measured by valid and reliable assessments."(5) He went on to say that "teaching can be respected as a genuine profession when there is evidence that teachers are experts in their subject matter and do a good job of inducting students into that expertise" - but he did not expand on this statement to make effectiveness with students a real part of his argument. Indeed, no author in the November special section mentioned directly the need to insure that teachers are effective practitioners, able to foster the kinds and levels of learning that are deemed desirable in their students. To our surprise, they uniformly stopped short of calling for defensible evidence that a teacher actually contributes to the learning progress of his or her students. By contrast, we believe that any quality assurance system for teachers must include demonstrable teacher effectiveness, as measured by the learning gains of students. A demonstrably effective teacher (in contrast to a teacher who is merely knowledgeable or skillful) is able to integrate and apply whatever knowledge and skills are needed to advance the learning of a particular group of students toward a particular learning goal under a particular set of conditions (resources, time, and so on). This conception of teacher quality is far more demanding than one that focuses only on knowledge and skills, though knowledge and skills are clearly important as enablers of effectiveness. …


1. The New Zealand strain of rats with genetic hypertension (GH rats), the Japanese strain with spontaneous hypertension and the salt-sensitive strain of Dahl are now well established as three genetically pure lines for use in hypertensive research. Other pure lines not consciously selected for high blood pressure have also recently been shown to exhibit hypertension. 2. In the GH rats the inheritance of the blood pressure appears to be polygenic; thus a simple causation of the hypertension appears unlikely. The inheritance is also complex in the other pure lines of hypertensive rats. 3. In the GH rats variation in intake of sodium from 0.05% to 1% of the solid diet does not affect the development of the hypertension. 4. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system does not appear to play a primary role in the initiation of the hypertension in the GH rats. Compared with normotensive rats of the parent colony, plasma and renal renin are decreased, total exchangeable and carcass sodium are decreased, as are also the plasma volume and total extracellular fluid volume. Plasma sodium is normal and plasma potassium increased. 5. There is no evidence of a primary abnormality of catecholamine storage or turnover. Prevention of the development of the sympathetic nervous system from birth does not entirely abolish the difference in blood pressure between GH rats and comparably treated normotensive rats. 6. The increased peripheral resistance in blood-perfused hind limbs and tails of GH rats is due both to increased neurogenic and myogenic components and to a structural element. Increased vascular reactivity to a variety of constrictor agents is readily demonstrated in saline-perfused preparations. 7. The different strains of hypertensive rats may in their diversity mirror the differences between the various forms of human essential hypertension.


In the present research, we evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-year professional development program in mathematics for elementary teachers. Each year the program focused on a different domain of mathematics. We found the program increased teachers' knowledge of (a) number and operations, (b) measurement and geometry, and (c) probability and statistics. We also examined the relation between mathematical knowledge and teaching practices. Across the three domains neither pretest nor posttest mathematical knowledge were related to classroom teaching practices. However, change in knowledge was positively related to six different dimensions of teaching practice for number and operations, and for measurement and geometry; and was positively related to four or six dimensions for probability and statistics. That is, those teachers with greater changes in knowledge demonstrated more effective instruction.


If light is trapped inside a microsphere and resonance occurs, the resonance modes known as whispering gallery modes could be employed for sensing the environment around the microsphere. The discrepancy of the resonance wavelengths for the microsphere surrounded by different media quantifies the sensing ability of the microsphere. However, the microsphere size and material are crucial factors on determining the minimum detection limit (DL) of the microsphere as a sensor. Therefore, through investigating an appropriate size and material for the microsphere, the sensing performance and efficiency of the microresonator increase. In this paper, through a comprehensive experimental study, different refractometric microspheres are presented and their optical properties are measured and analyzed. The microspheres, five different size polystyrene and one size silica microspheres, are coated with quantum dots (QDs) and the QDs are excited by an Nd:YAG laser. Then, the microspheres sensing ability is quantified when their surrounding environment is modified. According to the presented results, the microspheres' DL, in direct proportion to the microsphere size, corresponds well to the theory. In addition, comparing the optical properties of the microspheres indicates the optimum size for the polymer microspheres to detect the environment. Furthermore, the optical properties of the silica microsphere illustrate a better performance of glass microspheres over polymer microspheres. This paper moves forward actual knowledge and evidence of extant modeling theory. It investigates a more efficient physical feature for a microsphere as a sensor. This is a key interim stage in developing more sensitive and effective sensors.


The movement of people, goods, services, ideas and information has dictated the nature of everyday life in Scotland since the earliest times, and has helped to determine the boundaries and character of the nation itself. This multi-author volume explores a variety of topics on the broad theme of transport and communications. The chapters are divided into five thematic sections: water transport, land transport, air transport, communications, and transport and communications in their wider contexts. The chronological and geographical coverage is wide, ranging from the birlinns of the medieval western seaboard to aviation in the Northern Isles, and a variety of approaches to the study of the subject is offered. Each chapter can stand alone, but taken together they indicate the profound influence that transport and communications have on Scottish life and society.


While in a wide range of phonological theories preservation under prominence is a well noticed effect, there are few explanations for the accumulation of prominent properties in a particular position. Both tendencies, however, as well as their interaction, are particularly suited to formal expression within Optimality Theory. The aim of this paper is to show that the word-initial position is a site of vowel preservation (Positional Faithfulness) and a point of attraction of salient features (Positional Markedness). The focus is on the less familiar effect of get-together prominent elements in order to shed new light on several vocalic adjustments that have been unsatisfactorily explained in the traditional literature of Romance languages. Key Words: Vowel change; epenthesis; prominence; Positional Faithfulness; Positional Markedness; Optimality Theory; Catalan; Romance languages.


Nitroacetophenone (3-NAP) is an organic compound used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of 3-NAP. The study was performed in two groups i.e. control and treated. The control group remained as untreated, and the treated group received Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment. The control and treated 3-NAP samples were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultra violet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analysis. The XRD analysis showed decrease in crystallite size of treated 3-NAP by 20.27% as compared to the control sample. However, the XRD peaks of treated sample showed an increase in intensity as compared to the control. The DSC result showed a slight increase in melting temperature of treated 3-NAP (80.75oC) with respect to the control (79.39oC). The latent heat of fusion of treated 3-NAP was changed by 16.28% as compared to the control sample. The TGA analysis showed an increase in onset temperature of treated sample (192oC) as compared to the control sample (182oC). Further, the maximum thermal decomposition temperature (T max ) of treated 3-NAP was increased as compared to the control. This showed the increase in thermal stability of treated 3-NAP with respect to control. The treated 3-NAP showed an increase in average particle size (d 50 ) by 27.6% along with an increase in size exhibited by 99% of particles (d 99 ) by 4.9% as compared to the control. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed a substantial decrease in surface area by 24.6% with respect to the control. The FT-IR analysis showed an emergence of peak at 1558 cm -1 in treated 3-NAP sample as compared to the control. Nevertheless, the UV spectral analysis of treated 3-NAP showed no alterations in absorption peaks as compared to the control. Altogether, the result showed that biofield energy treatment has altered the physical, thermal and spectral properties of treated 3-NAP as compared to the control.


Many numerical simulations in scientific and engineering applications require the solution of a set of large linear systems involving the same coefficient matrix but different right-hand sides. Efficient methods for tackling this problem attempt to benefit from the previously solved right-hand sides for the solution of the next ones. This goal can be achieved either by recycling Krylov subspaces or by building preconditioner updates based on near invariant subspace information. In this thesis, we focus our attention on this last approach that attempts to improve a selected preconditioner. In the first part, we consider only one update of the preconditioner for all the systems. This update consists of a spectral low-rank correction that shifts by one the smallest eigenvalues in magnitude of the matrix of the original preconditioned system. We perform experiments in the context of the GMRES method preconditioned by an approximate inverse preconditioner. The spectral information is computed by an eigensolver in a preprocessing phase. In the second part, we consider an update of the preconditioner between each system. An incremental spectral correction of the preconditioner is proposed. We perform experiments using the GMRES-DR method, thanks to its efficiency as a linear solver and its ability to recover reliable approximations of the desired eigenpairs at run time. Suitable strategies are investigated for selecting reliable eigenpairs. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is in particular assessed for the solution of large and challenging problems in electromagnetic applications. For this purpose, they have been implemented in a parallel industrial code developed by EADS-CCR.


For many classically chaotic systems it is believed that the quantum wave functions become uniformly distributed, that is the matrix elements of smooth observables tend to the phase space average of the observable. In this paper we study the fluctuations of the matrix elements for the desymmetrized quantum cat map. We present a conjecture for the distribution of the normalized matrix elements, namely that their distribution is that of a certain weighted sum of traces of independent matrices in SU(2). This is in contrast to generic chaotic systems where the distribution is expected to be Gaussian. We compute the second and fourth moment of the normalized matrix elements and obtain agreement with our conjecture.


This Article discusses judicial impartiality as a significant element of justice. It is well established that judges should decide legal disputes free of any personal bias or prejudice. When a conflict of interest arises a judge may be unable to maintain impartiality and thus should be disqualified from the case. This Article deals with whether, and under what circumstances, a judge must, may, or cannot refer a motion to disqualify to another judge. Contrary to the traditional majority approach which leaves the decision on any motion to the challenged judge, this Article also suggests that the reasons alleged for the conflict of interest should determine the identity of the decision maker.


SUMMARY Various management approaches have been proposed to address the alarming depletion of marine coastal resources. Prominent among them are community-based management and the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). The overall poor performance of MPAs can be traced to a failure to effectively include local communities in the design and implementation of relevant measures. Recent efforts have incorporated aspects of community-based management into a hybrid form of management, which ideally builds upon existing local management practices. A key challenge lies in the development of appropriate frameworks that allow for the successful participation of local communities in management. A review of studies on MPA design and community-based marine resource management and fieldwork observations provides suggestions on how to address current socioeconomic shortcomings in MPA design and implementation, successfully involving local communities in order to provide a better local basis for effective larger MPA networks. A combination of MPA tools as the formal frame and community-based natural resource management as the adaptive core that recognizes local communities as allies, not aliens, is needed to develop successful conservation approaches.


The recent financial crisis has put the spotlight on the rapid rise in credit which preceded it and the macroeconomic context in which it developed. This article examines the contribution of international savings and investment imbalances to the crisis and how these imbalances have evolved since its onset, focusing on the UK experience as a deficit country over the past decade. It also briefly discusses some implications of the crisis for global imbalances over the medium term.


Nanofluids exhibit novel properties including significant heat transfer properties that make them potentially useful in internal combustion engine cooling. However, although there is a substantial number of mechanisms proposed, modeling works related to their enhanced thermal conductivity, systematic mechanisms, or models that are suitable for nanofluids are still lacked. With molecular dynamics simulations, thermal conductivities of nanofluids with various nanoparticles have been calculated. Influence rule of various factors for thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been studied. Through defining the ratio of thermal conductivity enhancement by nanoparticle volume fraction, Κ, the impacts of nanoparticle properties for thermal conductivity are further evaluated. Furthermore, the ratio of energetic atoms in nanoparticles, E, is proposed to be an effective criterion for judging the impact of nanoparticles for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Mechanisms of heat conduction enhancement are investigated by MD simulations. Altered microstructure and movements of nanoparticles in the base fluid are proposed to be the main reasons for thermal conductivity enhancement in nanofluids. Both the static and dynamic mechanisms for heat conduction enhancement in nanofluids have been considered to establish a prediction model for thermal conductivity. The prediction results of the present model are in good agreement with experimental results.


We use deep, spatially resolved spectroscopy from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census Survey to study radial variations in the stellar population of 17 spectroscopically selected post-starburst (PSB) galaxies. We use spectral fitting to measure two Lick indices, H δA and Fe 4383 , and find that, on average, PSB galaxies have radially decreasing H δA and increasing Fe 4383  profiles. In contrast, a control sample of quiescent, non-PSB galaxies in the same mass range shows outwardly increasing H δA and decreasing Fe 4383 . The observed gradients are weak (≈−0.2 Å/Re), mainly due to seeing convolution. A two-SSP (simple stellar population) model suggests that intrinsic gradients are as strong as observed in local PSB galaxies (≈−0.8 Å/Re). We interpret these results in terms of inside-out growth (for the bulk of the quiescent population) versus star formation occurring last in the centre (for PSB galaxies). At z ≈ 0.8, central starbursts are often the result of gas-rich mergers, as evidenced by the high fraction of PSB galaxies with disturbed morphologies and tidal features (40 per cent). Our results provide additional evidence for multiple paths to quiescence: a standard path, associated with inside-out disc formation and with gradually decreasing star formation activity, without fundamental structural transformation, and a fast path, associated with centrally concentrated starbursts, leaving an inverse age gradient and smaller half-light radius.


This study describes an investigation on the application of Polymerase Chain
Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) nucleic acid
based technique, as a routine analytical technique to generate DNA fingerprints for
24 fresh marine samples. Data obtained from the DNA fingerprints were used to
identify 12 processed marine samples. Samples representative of various species and
marine products submitted to different processing conditions were selected to verify
the applicability of the techniques. A specific part of mitochondrion (mt) genome,
cytochrome b (cytb) gene with 359 base pair (bp) fragment was successfully
amplified from all the investigated samples by using 'universal' primer pairs. The
obtained fragment of cytb gene (359 bp) was digested with different Restriction
Endonuclease (RE) resulting in sample specific Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism (RFLP). A total of 14 fishes, 7 prawns and 3 crabs with the exception
of Doublelined tonguesole (Paraplagusia bilineata), Rainbow sardine (Dussumieria
acuta), Western king prawn (Metapenaeus latisulcatus), Sharp-rostrum prawn
(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii), Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii), Affluent prawn (Thenus orientalis), Giant tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus), Indo-pacific swamp crab (Scylla serrata), Red and Blue swimming
crab (Solenocera subnuda) could be differentiated using RE HaeIII, MboII, FokI,
and MspI followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. For processed marine samples,
only four out of twelve were successfully identified. The DNA of unidentifiable
samples may have been degraded during the steps of processing. The RFLP patterns
obtained are conclusive even in the mixture of Western king prawn (Metapenaeus
latisulcatus) and African threadfin (Alexis alexandrinus) at a ratio of 1:100. Results
of this study suggest that the PCR-RFLP based on cytb gene shows a reproducible,
rapid and simple method for simultaneous identification of marine samples.


This study investigates the effects of housing futures trading on housing demand, house price volatility and housing bubbles in a theoretical framework. The baseline model is an application of the De long, Shleifer, Summers and Waldman (1990) model of noise traders to the housing market, when the risky asset is housing. This adds new features to the model as households receive utility from housing services and cannot short-sell houses. The existence of noise traders in the housing market creates uncertainty about house prices, causes prices to deviate away from their fundamental values, and leads to a distortion in housing consumption. To investigate the impact of housing derivatives trading on the housing market, a new financial instrument, housing futures, is introduced into the baseline model. Housing futures trading affects house price stability through three channels: by (i) enabling households to disentangle their housing consumption decisions from investment decisions; (ii) allowing short-selling; and (iii) attracting an additional set of traders (pure speculators) looking for portfolio diversification opportunities. The results show that, for a large set of admissible parameter values, housing futures trading decreases the volatility of house prices and increases the welfare of households and investors.


Abstract. Well constrained volcanic emissions inventories in chemistry transport models are necessary to study the impacts induced by these sources on the tropospheric sulfur composition and on sulfur species concentrations and depositions at the surface. In this paper, the changes induced by the update of the volcanic sulfur emissions inventory are studied using the global chemistry transport model MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle). Unlike the previous inventory (Andres and Kasgnoc, 1998), the updated one (Carn et al., 2016, 2017) uses more accurate information and includes contributions from both passive degassing and eruptive emissions. Eruptions are provided as daily total amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted by volcanoes in the Carn et al. (2016, 2017) inventories, and degassing emissions are provided as annual averages with the related mean annual uncertainties of those emissions by volcano. Information on plume altitudes is also available and has been used in the model. We chose to analyze the year 2013, for which only a negligible amount of eruptive volcanic SO2 emissions is reported, allowing us to focus the study on the impact of passive degassing emissions on the tropospheric sulfur budget. An evaluation against the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 total column and MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aerosol
optical depth (AOD) observations shows the improvements of the model results with the updated inventory. Because the global volcanic SO2 flux changes from 13 Tg yr−1 in Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) to 23.6 Tg yr−1 in Carn et al. (2016, 2017), significant differences appear in the global sulfur budget, mainly in the free troposphere and in the tropics. Even though volcanic SO2 emissions represent 15 % of the total annual sulfur emissions, the volcanic contribution to the tropospheric sulfate aerosol burden is 25 %, which is due to the higher altitude of emissions from volcanoes. Moreover, a sensitivity study on passive degassing emissions, using the annual uncertainties of emissions per volcano, also confirmed the nonlinear link between tropospheric sulfur species content with respect to volcanic SO2 emissions. This study highlights the need for accurate estimates of volcanic sources in chemistry transport models in order to properly simulate tropospheric sulfur species.


There has been a growing interest over the past decade in famous women who have labeled themselves, or others as feminist, with further comment being paid to those who are more or less deserving of the label in question. It is only more recently that we have seen the media spotlight focus on those male celebrities who have spoken openly about their interest in gender equality. There are a small number of men from the film, television, and sporting arena who appear with frequency and regularity on popular media listicles including, but not limited to "Feminist Statements from Male Celebrities" (McWilliams 2015) and "Male Celebrities Who Are Proud To Be Feminist" (Thorp 2015). Of those men who critique patriarchal society and condemn notions of sexual imbalance within and beyond the entertainment industry, some speak of respecting femininity, others applaud the woman's role, and others again wear the (Fawcett Society) T-shirt.

I seek to examine the ways in which a number of men in the entertainment arena have vocalized their desire for gender balance. My question here is whether media portrayals of men such as Joseph Gordon Levitt and Ashton Kutcher are seen to be genuinely committed to social and sexual change or should be challenged for feminist-inspired musings that stop short of campaigning. I hope to draw attention to the growing body of male celebrity feminists and their equality commentaries on social media, before considering the ways in which these men might present a challenge to social and sexual norms within and beyond the entertainment arena.


Considerable exploration interest has been generated by the platinum-group element (PGE) and Ni-Cu potential of the Archean layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the West Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. The Munni Munni intrusion contains the largest resource of PGE associated with a layered intrusion in Australia, and the Radio Hill and Mount Sholl intrusions host significant resources of Ni-Cu-Co sulfides. Titaniferous magnetite layers, remobilized sulfides, and structurally controlled hydrothermal polymetallic deposits have also been a focus for exploration in recent years.

The ca. 2.9 Ga Munni Munni, Andover, Radio Hill, Mount Sholl, and Sherlock layered intrusions are a cogenetic suite of high-level (<5 kbars) bodies that represent some of the oldest mineralizing systems of their type in the world. Although they display similar field relationships and mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic features, their contrasting chalcophile metal distribution patterns show that the timing and mechanism of the S saturation event were critical for the development of PGE-enriched sulfide-bearing layers and basal segregations of base metal sulfides.

The intrusions form thick (>5.5 km) dikelike bodies or relatively thin (0.5–2 km) sheets and sills emplaced at different levels along major lithological discontinuities in the upper crust. Rhythmically layered ultramafic components are generally thinner than, and occur along the northern sides of, more massive overlying mafic components. The ultramafic zones consist of dunite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivine websterite, clinopyroxenite, and websterite. Inverted pigeonite gabbronorite, magnetite gabbro, olivine gabbro, anorthositic gabbro, and anorthosite comprise the mafic sequences. Olivine and clinopyroxene were generally the first minerals to crystallize, except in the Andover intrusion, where orthopyroxene preceded clinopyroxene and possibly reflects greater contamination of the parent magma by felsic crustal material. The crystallization of chromite was inhibited in the ultramafic zones by the partitioning of Cr into early crystallizing clinopyroxene, thus downgrading the potential for PGE-chromite associations.

The PGE mineralization in the Munni Munni intrusion occurs in the upper levels of a porphyritic plagioclase websterite orthocumulate layer directly below the ultramafic-gabbroic zone contact. Mineral compositional trends and Nd isotope data indicate that a Pd-Pt-Au-enriched S-undersaturated magnesian basaltic magma was frequently injected into a small magma chamber during formation of the ultramafic zone. A major influx of more fractionated, S-saturated tholeiitic gabbroic magma related to the resident magnesian magma, rapidly inflated the chamber, and induced turbulent magma mixing that resulted in the formation of the PGE-bearing porphyritic websterite layer. In contrast, the parent magmas that formed the Mount Sholl, Radio Hill, Andover, and Maitland intrusions were saturated in S before they were emplaced into the magma chambers. In these intrusions gravitational and structural controls were important for the concentration of PGE-poor (5–400 ppb Pt + Pd + Au) massive Ni-Cu-Co sulfides in depressions and structural embayments along the basal contacts beneath the thickest sequences of mafic-ultramafic cumulates.

The parent magmas to the West Pilbara intrusions were siliceous high magnesian basalts of Al-depleted komatiitic affinity (Barberton-type) with 9 to 12 percent MgO, 15 to 25 ppm Sc, 12 to 18 ppm Y, low Al2O3/TiO2 (ca. 11 or half chondrite ratios), and light rare earth enrichment (chondrite-normalized La/Sm = 2.7, La/Lu = 9.0). They were generated with garnet in the residual asthenospheric mantle with probable involvement of a pre-3.0 Ga subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. Isotopic and geochemical modeling suggests that the magmas were contaminated by ca. 3.0 to 3.3 Ga Archean tonalitic to granodioritic crust before being emplaced into high-level magma chambers.


The automatic computation of an optimal solution for a complex problem is a challenging task if no additional knowledge is available. For bounded sized problems there are universally applicable algorithms (e.g. genetic algorithms, branch and bound, reinforcement learning). The disadvantage of these algorithms is their high computational complexity so that real world problems can only be solved efficiently, if the search space is reduced dramatically.
 In this paper we present an approach that enables the automatic computation of the parameter dependencies of a complex problem without any additional information. The basic idea is to apply reinforcement learning and to incrementally acquire knowledge about the implicit parameters dependencies. Based on the obtained data an optimal strategy is learned. For speeding up the learning process a multiagent architecture is applied, that supports the simultaneous analysis of alternative strategies. We prove the advantages of our approach by successfully learning a control strategy for a model helicopter.


Abstract. Archaeological data is processed to ensure that it can be easily accessed and used. The integration of the documentation into GIS tools is carried out in the post-excavation phase. The final documents are completed on the basis of intermediate documents made on the excavation site. Time during the excavation is precious and any action that takes time is questioned to allow to devote a maximum of resources to the most important tasks. Many tasks are associated with a traditional paper entry. The aim of this study is to experiment with the use of means of automating the management of archaeological documents in order to minimize the repetition of recording acts of different kind. The integration of computer technology in the field is gradually being achieved through the use of tablets, but their use on the excavation site remains a strong constraint. The first task of this automation lies in the possibility of identifying objects of interest during the excavation. In order to make this recognition of archaeological entities possible it is necessary to ask when they are easily identifiable: in the excavation report. The hypothesis formulated here is that excavation reports can be used as a source for creating learning data sets of neural networks dedicated to the recognition of archaeological objects on site. Two important steps in automating the integration of archaeological data are presented here, the extraction of images and their semantics from excavation reports and the learning process of a neural network for the recognition of archaeological entities at the site of their discovery. The extraction of images and the identification of what they contain allows to enrich neural network learning datasets. Tests have been made to validate the ability of such tools to reliably identify particular objects. We chose CNN to test the ability to recognize archaeological objects in an excavation context. It is an image-based network. What is sought here is the ability to recognize an object for a neural network.


Mitral Valve Disease (MVD) describes a variety of pathologies that result in regurgitation of blood during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Decisions in valvular disease management rely heavily on non-invasive imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely recognized as the key evaluation technique where backflow of high velocity blood can be visualized under Doppler. In most cases, TEE imaging is adequate for identifying mitral valve pathology, though the modality is often limited from signal dropout, artifacts and a restricted field of view. Quantitative analysis is an integral part of the overall assessment of valve morphology and gives objective evidence for both classification and guiding intervention of regurgitation. In addition, patient-specific models derived from diagnostic TEE images allow clinicians to gain insight into uniquely intricate anatomy prior to surgery. However, the heavy reliance on TEE segmentation for diagnosis and modelling has necessitated an evaluation of the accuracy of the oft-used mitral valve imaging modality. Dynamic cardiac 4D-Computed Tomography (4D-CT) is emerging as a valuable tool for diagnosis, quantification and assessment of cardiac diseases. This modality has the potential to provide a high quality rendering of the mitral valve and subvalvular apparatus, to provide a more complete picture of the underlying morphology. However, application of dynamic CT to mitral valve imaging is especially challenging due to the large and rapid motion of the valve leaflets. It is therefore necessary to investigate the accuracy and level of precision by which dynamic CT captures mitral valve motion throughout the cardiac cycle. To do this, we design and construct a silicone and bovine quasi-static mitral valve phantom which can simulate a range of ECG-gated heart rates and reproduce physiologic valve motion over the cardiac cycle. In this study, we discover that the dynamic CT accurately captures the underlying valve movement, but with a higher prevalence of image artifacts as leaflet and chordae motion increases due to elevated heart rates. In a subsequent study, we acquire simultaneous CT and TEE images of both a silicone mitral valve phantom and an iodine-stained bovine mitral valve. We propose a pipeline to use CT as the ground truth to study the relationship between TEE intensities and the underlying valve morphology. Preliminary results demonstrate that with an optimized threshold selection based solely on TEE pixel intensities, only 40% of pixels are correctly classified as part of the valve. In addition, we show that emphasizing the centre-line rather than the boundaries of high intensity TEE image regions provides a better representation and segmentation of the valve morphology. This work has the potential to inform and augment the use of TEE for diagnosis and modelling of the mitral valve in the clinical workflow for MVD.


Agent-based (AB) models are considered a promising tool for macroeconomic analysis. However, until estimation of AB models become a common practice, they will not get to the center stage of macroeconomics. Two difficulties arise in the estimation of AB models: (i) the criterion function has no simple analytical expression, and (ii) the aggregate properties of the model cannot be analytically understood. The first one calls for simulation-based estimation techniques; the second requires additional statistical testing in order to ensure that the simulated quantities are consistent estimators of the theoretical quantities. The possibly high number of parameters involved and the non-linearities in the theoretical quantities used for estimation add to the complexity of the problem. As these difficulties are also shared, though to a different extent, by DSGE models, we first look at the lessons that can be learned from this literature. We identify simulated minimum distance (SMD) as a practical approach to estimation of AB models, and we discuss the conditions which ensure consistency of SMD estimators in AB models.


Maximal load-lifting capacities of six ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) were determined under conditions of burst performance. Mechanical power output under maximal loading was then compared with maximal hovering performance in hypodense gas mixtures of normodense air and heliox. The maximal load lifted was similar at air temperatures of 5 and 25 degrees C, and averaged 80% of body mass. The duration of load-lifting was brief, of the order of 1 s, and was probably sustained via phosphagen substrates. Under maximal loading, estimates of muscle mass-specific mechanical power output assuming perfect elastic energy storage averaged 206 W kg-1, compared with 94 W kg-1 during free hovering without loading. Under conditions of limiting performance in hypodense mixtures, maximal mechanical power output was much lower (131 W kg-1, five birds) but was sustained for longer (4 s), demonstrating an inverse relationship between the magnitude and duration of maximum power output. In free hovering flight, stroke amplitude and wingbeat frequency varied in inverse proportion between 5 and 25 degrees C, suggesting thermoregulatory contributions by the flight muscles. Stroke amplitude under conditions of maximal loading reached a geometrical limit at slightly greater than 180 degrees. Previous studies of maximum performance in flying animals have estimated mechanical power output using a simplified actuator disk model without a detailed knowledge of wingbeat frequency and stroke amplitude. The present load-lifting results, together with actuator disc estimates of induced power derived from hypodense heliox experiments, are congruent with previous load-lifting studies of maximum flight performance. For ruby-throated hummingbirds, the inclusion of wingbeat frequency and stroke amplitude in a more detailed aerodynamic model of hovering yields values of mechanical power output 34% higher than previous estimates. More generally, the study of performance limits in flying animals necessitates careful specification of behavioral context as well as quantitative determination of wing and body kinematics.


The indolocarbazole analogue CEP-751 is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the neurotrophin-specific trk receptors that has demonstrated antitumor activity in nine different models of prostate cancer growth in vivo. In the slow-growing, androgen-sensitive Dunning H prostate cancers, which express trk receptors, CEP-751 induced transient regressions independent of effects on cell cycle. Because androgen ablation is the most commonly used treatment for prostate cancer, we examined whether the combination treatment of CEP-751 with castration would lead to better antitumor efficacy than either treatment alone. For a 60-day period, H tumor-bearing rats received treatment with either castration, CEP-751 (10 mg/kg once a day s.c. for 5 days every 2 weeks), a combination of both, or vehicle. Castration caused tumor regression, followed by tumor regrowth in 4-6 weeks, whereas intermittent CEP-751 treatments resulted in tumor regressions during each treatment, which were followed by a period of regrowth between intermittent drug treatment cycles. Overall, both monotherapies significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the vehicle-treated control group. However, the combination of castration and concomitant CEP-751 produced the most dramatic results: sigificantly greater tumor regression than either therapy alone, with no signs of regrowth. A related experiment using an orally administered CEP-751 analogue (CEP-701), as the trk inhibitor, and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, Leuprolide, to induce androgen ablation demonstrated similar results, indicating that these effects could be generalized to other forms of androgen ablation and other trk inhibitors within this class. In addition, when CEP-701 was given sequentially to rats bearing H tumors, which were progressing in the presence of continuous androgen ablation induced by Leuprolide, regression of the androgen-independent tumors occurred. In summary, these data demonstrate that CEP-751 or CEP-701, when combined with surgically or chemically induced androgen ablation, offer better antitumor efficacy than either monotherapy and suggest that each therapy produces prostate cancer cell death through complementary mechanisms.


Numerical techniques are widely used for modelling groundwater aquifers. Hydrological models are generally concept based and highly non-linear due to complex parameterisation as compared to models of other disciplines. Calibration and validation of such models cannot follow conventional methods borrowed from other disciplines many times due to scale of the model domain. In the present paper, groundwater flow model of Krishna delta region on the east coast of India has been developed with due consideration for the coastal boundary conditions, using three-dimensional United States Geological Survey (USGS) algorithm MODFLOW. Non-linearities involved in the model behaviour were solved a priory to make the task of MODFLOW calibration linear. Steady state calibration technique brings a perfect match between the observed and the computed groundwater levels in the transient run.


The use of gauged flows for flood hydrology depends on rating curves, relating flow rate to gauge height. Rating curves are developed by undertaking a series of discrete flow measurements during flood events. When a flow occurs that exceeds previous gauging records, particularly widespread overbank flow conditions, an extrapolation of the rating curve is required to allow flow rate estimation. At numerous gauges across Victoria, the January 2011 gauge height exceeded the highest rated level by a significant margin. In these cases, extrapolated rating curves are developed by Thiess to allow flow estimation for these extreme events. However, in a number of flood studies undertaken by Water Technology, calibrated hydraulic models have shown that rating curve extrapolation does not accurately predict peak flows for the January 2011 event for many gauge locations. For some gauges the extrapolated rating curve underestimated flow and on others (such as Murchison) significantly over estimated flow. The peak flows of these significantly large events within the extrapolated range of rating curves are critical in the estimation of design flood peak flows using flood frequency analysis. Taking the Murchison gauge on the Goulburn River as an example, a recent revision to the extrapolated section of the rating curve by Thiess resulted in a change in the estimated peak flow of the largest flow on record from 195,000 ML/d to 311,000 ML/d, a 60% increase. This significant change in peak flow means that the revised 1% AEP design peak flow would be larger than the previous 0.2% AEP design peak flow. This extrapolated section of the rating curve therefore could result in dramatic changes in design flood levels, influencing planning decisions. This paper discusses three examples of current rating curves, with verification, revision and extrapolation of the curves undertaken to estimate peak flows at Murchison, Quambatook and Skipton. For each of these gauges, a 2D hydrodynamic model was calibrated to known flood levels and flows, and used to verify, revise or extend the high-flow or extrapolated section of the rating curve. The 2D modelling approach is superior to traditional 1D modelling, Manning's equation or extrapolation based methods of extending a rating curve. The 2D hydraulic modelling is less sensitive to model schematisation and parameterisation and takes into account the spatial variability of overbank flow conditions. This paper highlights the need to consider uncertainty in rating curves, particularly in their extrapolated section, as a standard component of the flow estimation process. It also demonstrates the role 2D hydrodynamic modelling can play in the verification, revision and extrapolation of rating curves. The method used in this study is widely applicable to the verification of other gauges with extrapolated rating curves.


The idea from human societies that self-interest can lead to a breakdown of cooperation at the group level is sometimes termed the public goods dilemma. We tested this idea in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by examining the influence of putative cheats that do not cooperate via cell-to-cell signalling (quorum-sensing, QS). We found that: (i) QS cheating occurs in biofilm populations owing to exploitation of QS-regulated public goods; (ii) the thickness and density of biofilms was reduced by the presence of non-cooperative cheats; (iii) population growth was reduced by the presence of cheats, and this reduction was greater in biofilms than in planktonic populations; (iv) the susceptibility of biofilms to antibiotics was increased by the presence of cheats; and (v) coercing cooperator cells to increase their level of cooperation decreases the extent to which the presence of cheats reduces population productivity. Our results provide clear support that conflict over public goods reduces population fitness in bacterial biofilms, and that this effect is greater than in planktonic populations. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications that arise from altering the susceptibility to antibiotics.


This article reviews the July 2007 draft text released by the Chair of the WTO negotiating group on agricultural trade. The purpose of the article is to review the proposed feasible outcome in the context of the reform of the application of the GATT to agriculture that was begun in the Uruguay Round. The paper notes that the proposed outcome deviates significantly from fundamental principles of the GATT. The resulting rules would still discriminate against Members with a comparative advantage in agriculture, largely as a result of the exclusion of the most protected products from liberalization. The outcome would largely fail to serve the GATT function of guiding members away from the most inefficient policy instruments, largely as a result of the overemphasis on domestic support rather than market access. The outcome would fail to assist Developing Members to overcome their own protectionist pressure because of the way that the outcome would accord a right to special and differential treatment to members who are in fact able to fully participate in the multilateral system as contemplated in the 1979 Enabling Clause. The paper reviews each aspect of the draft text: tariff reductions, the exclusions for sensitive products and special products, the special safeguard mechanisms, the export subsidy rules, the reductions in aggregate measure of support, de minimis, Blue box support and adjustments to the green box. The paper argues that this outcome will enable the most protectionist Members to resist liberalization. The paper argues that the main reason for the unsatisfactory outcome which the Chairman has put forward as politically feasible is that Developing Members have focussed more on creating exceptions for themselves than on trying to reinforce the integrity of the rules. The paper concludes by expressing the concern that perhaps the deviations from the guiding principles of reciprocity, ranking of policy instruments and non-discrimination are reaching the point at which it will be impossible for the system to harness the interests of exporters to arrive at politically sustainable economic welfare enhancing deals perhaps we are already there and not even this very imperfect deal is possible.


Polyisobutylene (PIB) is a polymer well known for its desirable properties such as high chemical stability, impermeability to gases, and biocompatibility in certain applications. However in some applications it is limited by properties such as high hydrophobicity, lack of chemical functionalities, and the adsorption of proteins and organisms to its surface. Butyl rubber (IIR) is a copolymer of isobutylene (IB) with small percentages of isoprene (IP). Typically these IP units serve as sites for the covalent cross-linking of the IIR, in addition can serve as sites for further functionalization of IIR. These modifications can expand the potential applications of IIR. This thesis describes the development of different approaches to obtain both the attractive properties of the starting material in addition to new properties arising from its further modification. For example, antibacterial IIR surfaces were prepared using hyperthermal hydrogen induced cross-linking (HHIC) as a mean to covalently attach antibacterial polymers to the IIR surface. The antibacterial properties of the modified surfaces were investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, using a synthetic method allowing for the clean modification of the double bonds of IIR and the grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains along the polymer backbone, a library of linear PIB-PEO graft copolymers (lin-PIB-g-PEO) was successfully generated containing up to 83 wt% PEO content. The properties of the resulting graft copolymers were studied both on surfaces and in solution. These studies were further extended to generate arborescent PIB-PEO graft copolymers (arb-PIB-g-PEO) with the aim of comparing the effect of architectures on the properties of the PIB-PEO graft copolymers. Finally, a UV-cross-linkable IIR was synthesized by chemical modification of IIR backbones with cinnamate moieties. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting UV-cured IIR polymers were studied.


Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) was assessed as a nondestructive evaluation technique for aircraft composites. Damage to glass fiber was studied including voids, delaminations, mechanical damage, and heat damage. Measurement of the material properties on samples with localized heat damage showed that burning did not change the refractive index or absorption coefficient noticeably; however, material blistering was detected. Voids were located by TDS transmissive imaging using amplitude and phase techniques. The depth of delaminations was measured via the timing of Fabry-Perot reflections after the main pulse. Evidence of bending stress damage and simulated hidden cracks was also detected with terahertz imaging.


Moderate alcohol or red wine consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality. This cardiovascular protection is likely due to the additive, combined and/or synergistic effects of alcohol itself or other components of wine, in particular polyphenols. Experiments were carried out to determine whether ethanol/polyphenols also decrease plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression in vivo, using the rat as an animal model. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were gavaged with ethanol, the individual polyphenols catechin and quercetin or saline vehicle. The in vivo effect of ethanol or individual polyphenols on PAI-1 mRNA was then assessed by in situ hybridisation and quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PAI-1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the thoracic aorta of all experimental rats. RT-PCR analysis of PAI-1 mRNA levels in vascular tissue showed a ∼55% reduction in PAI-1 mRNA consistent with the decrease in aortic endothelium PAI-1 mRNA observed with in situ hybridisation. This decrease may enhance endothelial cell (EC)-mediated fibrinolytic activity in vivo. The cardioprotection afforded by moderate red wine consumption can therefore be attributed in part to the combined effects of ethanol and individual polyphenols on EC fibrinolysis. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry


The idea of desert is central to the way in which we evaluate the distribution of rewards to others. This thesis looks to outline the core idea of desert and then defend it against the charge that it is inherently inegalitarian. Part I begins with an analysis of the concept of desert in which it is argued that, while otherwise indeterminate, it requires that the claimant must (a) express value to the world, and (b) in at least some minimal sense control the expression of that value. It is shown that the control condition, which permits us to say that the value displayed actually belongs to the claimant, is undermined by the influence of good and ill luck. Requital is contingent on whether one's initial endowments and the subsequent episodes of chance happen to favour the realisation of what is valued by others. The standard response by liberal egalitarians to this problem has been to maintain the contributory, or output-based, model of desert, while looking to offset the effect of uneven endowments. In Part II it is proposed that a compensatory model of desert is superior because it is insensitive to the amount of value people produce, whilst remaining sensitive to their personal ends. On this reading, the basis of desert is twofold: Firstly, the denial of something that a person would prefer to have done, rather than what she has actually been able to do. Secondly, that the person's denial was brought about as a result of her choices and actions designed to contribute value to the world. But while effort towards contributing value is a minimum pre-condition of desert, it is not a determinant of the amount and form of requital that is deserved. Rather that is a function of the personal ends that the person foregoes. This conception of desert, it is claimed, remains compatible with the intuitive core of the concept and with the pursuit of socially optimal outcomes.


Exponential population growth on a finite planet means less resources per capita, and humankind is dependent upon the resources of the biospheric life support system for survival. However, humankind has acted, in the past, as if it does not recognize either of these obvious realities, but recent events make it more likely that both concepts will be accepted. Although scientific research is carried out in a variety of sources, society places the primary responsibility for this important activity upon its universities. Scientific results must not be suppressed or altered because they are not congruent with political ideology or articles of religious faith. Similarly, value judgments should be left to society. When scientific evidence and analysis are used to make a value judgment, the general public must be acquainted with the scientific process - scientific judgments are based on the preponderance of evidence. The news media are doing a disservice to the public if they describe a "balanced" coverage with a few doubters of a concept on one "side" and thousands of credentialed scientists on the other. This type of coverage is being perpetuated frequently in global climate change reporting when the future of civilization is at stake.


The authors of this volume point out that what is ordinarily termed the psychiatric hospital's "social structure" is principally derived from three sources: the number and kinds of professionals who work there; the treatment ideologies and professional identities of these professionals; and the relationships of the institution and its professionals to outside communities, both professional and lay. They describe hospitals as sites where ideological battles characterizing the mental health arena are being fought, implemented, critiqued, modified, and transformed. This classic monograph in medical sociology was originally published in the 1960s. The period studied was 1958 through 1963, when somatic and psychotherapeutic ideologies were flourishing-as now-and milieutherapy was just emerging. The research team was multidisciplinary: three sociologists, one psychologist, and one psychiatrist. Three distinct psychiatric environments were researched: two at the Chicago State Hospital-"chronic services" and "treatment services"-and one at a private hospital. What evolved were thoughtful comparative analyses of hospitals, wards, professionals, ideological positions, careers, and organizational and situational placements.


This research representing case study at Hotel Purnama Batuwith title " Internal Control System Evaluation of Revenue and Cash Inflow at Hotel Purnama Batu". Target of this research is to know how internal control system of revenue and cash inflow at Hotel Full Purnama Batu and assessing effectiveness execution of internal control system of and revenue cash inflow by Hotel Purnama Batu. According with this research, hence internal control elements analysis. the used analysis is organization chart evaluation dissociating functional responsibility expressly, authority system evaluation and record-keeping procedure which protection giving enough at company estae, healthy practice evaluation in company and the last of capable employees in its area. Evaluation Internal Control System of Revenue and Cash Inflow at Hotel Purnama Batu most have been executed as according to good internal control principle. This matter can be seen from authorization system and record-keeping procedure giving haven enough at company estae, healthy activity practice in Hotel Purnama Batu and employees with quality and speak in its area. But still there are weakness at organization chart that is still found by geminating of duty by general cashier where besides doing duty make daily cash report at the same time save money and remit money to bank. Besides cash inflow procedure and sale at Hotel Purnama Batu not yet been supported with picture of flowchart good. Appropriate position giration of requirement at nite auditor and income auditor where both function replace other duty if is obstructive of duty. Not yet there are sudden inspection at estae properties of company for example amount of on file cash in cashier, limited to this only daily inspection which done at physical notes which enter from transaction. Pursuant to conclusion of research result, researcher require to give some suggestion that is for the geminating of duty at general cashier, this matter better be done by the division of description job where one people of general cashier undertake to do record-keeping of daily cash report and other general cashier undertake to remit to bank, authorization system and procedure record-keeping of cash inflow and sale dissociated by making schema groove flowchart. Of path of flowchart is proposed early with process acceptance of money of guest. Company head better have policy to perform a position giration periodical or according to schedule. Besides require to be done by sudden inspection at estae properties of company that is amount of on file cash in cashier, this matter is meant to avoid deviation. Keyword : internal control system, revenue, evaluasi


RNA binding proteins can play important roles in gene regulation and are also associated with a large number of human diseases. Identifying the sets of RNAs to which these proteins bind is critical to understanding their normal functions and roles in disease. Nova is a tissue-specific splicing factor involved in the disease paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (POMA), in which patients cannot inhibit movement and suffer uncontrollable shaking. Ule et al. developed an ultraviolet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation method to purify Nova-RNA complexes. Nova regulates a set of RNA targets that code for proteins involved in neuronal inhibition or that function at the synapse, consistent with POMA's being a disorder of motor inhibition. J. Ule, K. B. Jensen, M. Ruggiu, A. Mele, A. Ule, R. B. Darnell, CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain. Science 302, 1212-1215 (2003). [Abstract] [Full Text]