Viewing the foster family as fulfilling the same major role of socialization that natural families fill, this study examines one aspect of socialization, that of discipline and the use of parental power. Defining parental power as the force parents use to control their children's behaviour, this research looks at the use of support, assertive control, and inductive control in foster parents. -- Recognizing that different foster parents raise children differently, the researcher divided the total foster parent population served by the St. John's District Welfare Office into two groups--those considered on an 8-point adequacy scale as being more adequate foster parents, and those considered less adequate. Those two groups were individually interviewed and asked questions regarding their use of behaviours related to support, assertive control, and inductive control. Twenty questions based on 20 hypotheses were developed and tested as measures of parental power. -- Based on the work of Rollin and Thomas (1975) it was proposed that the foster parents rated as more adequate, called Group I, would use more support, more inductive control, and less assertive control than the foster parents rated less adequate, Group II. -- This study also looked at the demographic characteristics of the foster parent population and found these similar to other foster parent populations studied in the United Kingdom (Wakeford, 1963) and the United States (Fanshel, 1966). -- Because of the use of total population no inferential statistics were used to examine the study results. A comparison of mean scores indicated that, in 15 of the 20 items measured, the differences of the means were in the direction predicted but the differences were not large. In the five remaining statements the direction was opposite to the direction predicted. -- It is recognized that a large amount of support and inductive control, combined with small amounts of assertive control lead to effective child socialization. All the foster parents studied scored relatively high on the nine items measuring support, the six items measuring inductive control, and relatively low on the five assertive control statements. -- This study therefore concludes that, even though the differences of means in three-quarters of the items were in the direction predicted, the closeness of the scores suggests that (1) all foster parents are approximately equal and rate well as effective socialization agents, or (2) that responses were biased by the need to give socially acceptable responses. -- The research concludes that the concept of parent power should be studied further and the instrument used refined. The questionnaire could then be used by clinical social workers as an aid in the assessment of potential foster parents. The study further suggests that for a richer understanding of the dynamics of foster care, the child's compliance to parental power should also be examined. -- Lastly, foster care is noted to be a difficult process for a child in view of his exposure to the social power and social exchange of more than one set of socialization agents. Supportive family programs which would prevent the need for children to be placed in care are seen as a necessary child welfare priority.


In "The Choice Theory of Contracts", we develop a liberal theory of contract law. One core task of the book was to persuade advocates of economic analysis that they must situate their enterprise within our liberal framework. Autonomy, rightly understood, is the telos of contract.

Oren Bar-Gill pushes back strongly in "Choice Theory and the Economic Analysis of Contracts". He offers a penetrating – perhaps devastating – critique of our approach. Bar-Gill notes the substantial convergence between choice theory and a welfarist view. If he is right, then what does choice theory add?

Our task in Part I of this Essay is to demonstrate that welfare economics cannot simply absorb contractual autonomy. We show that choice theory has irreducible normative and reformist value along the four dimensions that are core to Bar-Gill's critique: (a) contract's regard for the future self, (b) the special role it ascribes to relational justice, (c) its distinction between utility and community, and (d) its prescription of intra-sphere multiplicity. We go further: welfare economics is indefensible without autonomy as its foundation.

Parts II and III respond to sharp critiques of "Choice Theory" by Yotam Kaplan, Prince Saprai, Ronit Levine-Schnur, Sharon Shakargy, and Ohad Somech. We discuss the proper place of contract values besides autonomy in a liberal contract law; explore the distinctive role contract plays in a liberal polity; and show how intra-sphere contract type multiplicity limits, rather than augments, state power.

Since publishing "Choice Theory", we have engaged dozens of critiques, including the six in this Volume. All this rigorous debate confirms for us one core point: contract's ultimate value must be autonomy, properly refined. It cannot be welfare. Nor can foundational value pluralism possibly suffice. Autonomy justifies contract.


In this account of interspecies intimacy in the enclaved institution of the Nepali elephant stable, I explore not-just-human figurations of personhood and argue for the methodological inclusion of nonhuman informants as subjective actors and contributing participants in ethnographic research. I explain how my experience forming a trusting, working relationship with a female elephant in a hybrid community of humans and elephants revealed the conceptual limitations of a human-focused tradition of ethnography ill-equipped for the generative sociality of interspecies encounters. I discuss questions of nonhuman personhood and I consider developments in the animal behavioral sciences, while also investigating the cultural logic by which Nepali mahouts attribute personhood to their elephants. This exploration of apprenticeship, personhood, and affective encounter is situated in a distinctly interspecies strand of multispecies studies, and is a contribution to ethnoelephantology as an interdisciplinary approach to the social, historical, and ecological relations between humans and elephants.


ABSTRACT Every armed organization seeks the ability to turn violence on and off by getting fighters to fight when ordered and to stop fighting when similarly ordered. This ability is a defining feature of what makes organized violence, in fact, organized. While state militaries develop clear hierarchies and disciplinary procedures to accomplish this goal, the complexity of civil war makes the task more difficult for insurgent groups. I argue that the leaders of insurgent organizations are able to turn violence on and off when they have deliberately established resource control through the direct, and exclusive, distribution of resources to their followers and those followers are socially embedded, meaning that members are united by strong horizontal ties and group norms. In contrast to existing approaches, I argue that material and social endowments do not predetermine whether leaders can establish resource control or embeddedness. Further, laying out the precise organizational mechanisms that determine when organizations can turn violence on and off challenges the utility of conceptions such as "fragmentation" or "cohesion" for explaining insurgent behavior and conflict outcomes. I test the theory by examining variation in behavior over time in two organizations facing different structural contexts—Jaysh al-Mahdi in Iraq and the Viet Minh in Vietnam—and find strong support for my argument while casting doubt on existing explanations.


Mangroves are dense, spatially heterogeneous forests, and provide a wide range of goods and services. They protect the shore line from powerful waves, and provide habitat and nursery grounds for variety of animals. Mangroves are one of the most threatened habitats in the world, and are disappearing rapidly due to urban, industrial and commercial activities. These threats lead to an increasing demand for quantitative assessment for mangrove monitoring. Historically, mapping has been completed with aerial photos over small areas. Recent advances in remote sensing technology for data acquisition and processing have opened up a wealth of new options. The aim of this work was to push the boundary of data processing to extract metrics relevant to mangrove health mapping, monitoring, and management. This included mangrove species classification, delineating individual tree crowns, and continuous variable mapping of plant biomarkers. The first ever study classified mangrove species at Rapid Creek mangrove forest, Australia was achieved 89% overall accuracy compared to in-situ observations with a WorldView-2 satellite image and a support vector machine algorithm. The first successful method was developed to delineate individual tree crowns using object based image analysis techniques with 92% overall accuracy. One of the innovative prospects of this study was development of methods to continuous variable mapping of plant biomarkers: canopy chlorophyll, above ground biomass, and leaf area index using WorldView-2 images, field measurements, random forest and partial least squares regression algorithms. A relative risk model was developed to assess ecological risk associated with the Darwin Harbour mangroves. This model identified localized changes: cleared, stressed and dead mangroves due to natural or anthropogenic influences. In summary, this research presents unique applications of advanced remote sensing methods for analysing up-to-date spatial information on the current status of Rapid Creek mangroves, and they are a baseline for mangrove monitoring and management.


This study evaluates the hypothesis that peridotite hydration reactions (e.g. serpentinisation) at the landward termination of transform fracture zones provide a contributory driving force for coupled uplift and accelerated subsidence along the margins of the North Atlantic and Labrador Sea in the Cenozoic. This evaluation is partly based on the extent and rate of serpentinisation, calculated by Skelton et al. (2005) by using seismic velocity as a proxy for progress of the serpentinisation reactions. The hypothesis is supported by 1) spatial coincidence between most of the uplifted segments of the margin with the landward termination of transform fracture zones, 2) the theoretical capacity of serpentinisation to generate 102-103 m of uplift at a rate of mm.a-1 to cm.a-1 which is consistent with observations from the margin, and 3) the potential for landward material flow of a hydrated peridotite inclusion, providing a mechanism for sustaining uplift and its pairing with accelerated subsidence. Also, serpentinisation is more effective than other metamorphic reactions (e.g. granulite to amphibolite, eclogite to amphibolite) as a driving force for uplift. Shortfalls of this model are that 1) extensive peridotite hydration is unlikely at depths exceeding 10-20km and 2) the timing of uplift requires that pulses of extensive peridotite hydration occurred along inactive segments of transform fracture zones. We conclude that the volume expansion caused by peridotite hydration was probably insufficient to account for widespread uplift during the Cenozoic. However, we suggest that the following processes could occur at or near the landward terminations of transform fracture zones: 1) volume expansion caused by extensive peridotite hydration beneath thinned crust at or near the ocean-continent transition and 2) mechanical weakening caused by limited peridotite hydration beneath thicker continental crust. These processes may have important implications for models aimed at explaining Cenozoic uplift and accelerated subsidence.


Confidence is recognized as one of the most influential factors to affect performance. Individual, leader, and team confidence play essential roles in achieving success and the absence of confidence has been connected with failure. While confidence is not a substitute for competency, it creates trusting relationships, empowerment, and resiliency to persevere when challenges arise. Objective: In this study, we examined workforce confidence in the patient experience and patient perceptions of their experience of care. Methods: We compared responses to the Patient-Centered Excellence Survey (PCES) from 41 United States hospitals, measuring workforce confidence in the patient experience provided, to patient's ratings of their experience through the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. Results: Higher workforce confidence in the patient experience provided is related to higher patient ratings of their experience while lower workforce confidence is linked with lower patient ratings. Hospitals in the top 25% with workforce perceptions score 11.7% higher with HCAHPS Overall Rating than hospitals in the bottom 25%. Of the 10,945 workforce respondents to the PCES Overall Rating item, 24.2% rated their organization top box (9 or 10) versus 64.7% of patients rating top box. Senior leaders reported the highest degree of confidence in the patient experience, while staff and providers reported the lowest. Conclusion: Confidence is an important characteristic of the healthcare workforce. Building mastery of patient experience competencies holds promise to further elevate patient's perceptions of their care. Gaps in confidence should be addressed especially among those with the most direct caregiver responsibilities.


We present a clustering comparison of 12 galaxy formation models [including semi-analytic models (SAMs) and halo occupation distribution (HOD) models] all run on halo catalogues and merger trees extracted from a single Λ cold dark matter N-body simulation. We compare the results of the measurements of the mean halo occupation numbers, the radial distribution of galaxies in haloes and the two-point correlation functions (2PCF). We also study the implications of the different treatments of orphan (galaxies not assigned to any dark matter subhalo) and non-orphan galaxies in these measurements. Our main result is that the galaxy formation models generally agree in their clustering predictions but they disagree significantly between HOD and SAMs for the orphan satellites. Although there is a very good agreement between the models on the 2PCF of central galaxies, the scatter between the models when orphan satellites are included can be larger than a factor of 2 for scales smaller than 1 h−1 Mpc. We also show that galaxy formation models that do not include orphan satellite galaxies have a significantly lower 2PCF on small scales, consistent with previous studies. Finally, we show that the 2PCF of orphan satellites is remarkably different between SAMs and HOD models. Orphan satellites in SAMs present a higher clustering than in HOD models because they tend to occupy more massive haloes. We conclude that orphan satellites have an important role on galaxy clustering and they are the main cause of the differences in the clustering between HOD models and SAMs.


Carrier lifetime maps and distributions of doped n-InGaAs in a MBE-grown p-InP/n-InGaAs/n-InP double heterostructure (DH) were measured at 300 K and 85 K using the μ-PCD lifetime screening technique. The theoretical considerations required in this technique are discussed in detail. The average carrier lifetimes are 168.2 ns and 149.4 ns at 300 K and 85 K, respectively. The results are consistent with those of ZnS/n-InGaAs/n-InP DHs. InGaAs lifetime mapping of the InP/InGaAs/InP DH is easily obtained without destruction by μ-PCD carrier lifetime measurement. Therefore, it could be a potential method to characterize the uniformity of the wafers, which is necessary to fabricate InGaAs focal plane arrays (FPAs).


Data originating from many devices within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework can be modeled as sparse signals. Efficient compression techniques of such data are essential to reduce the memory storage, bandwidth, and transmission power. In this thesis, I develop some theory and propose practical schemes for IoT applications to exploit the signal sparsity for efficient data acquisition and compression under the frameworks of compressed sensing (CS) and transform coding.

In the context of CS, the restricted isometry constant of finite Gaussian measurement matrices is investigated, based on the exact distributions of the extreme eigenvalues of Wishart matrices. The analysis determines how aggressively the signal can be sub-sampled and recovered from a small number of linear measurements. The signal reconstruction is guaranteed, with a predefined probability, via various recovery algorithms.

Moreover, the measurement matrix design for simultaneously acquiring multiple signals is considered. This problem is important for IoT networks, where a huge number of nodes are involved. In this scenario, the presented analytical methods provide limits on the compression of joint sparse sources by analyzing the weak restricted isometry constant of Gaussian measurement matrices.

Regarding transform coding, two efficient source encoders for noisy sparse sources are proposed, based on channel coding theory. The analytical performance is derived in terms of the operational rate-distortion and energy-distortion. Furthermore, a case study for the compression of real signals from a wireless sensor network using the proposed encoders is considered. These techniques can reduce the power consumption and increase the lifetime of IoT networks.

Finally, a frame synchronization mechanism has been designed to achieve reliable radio links for IoT devices, where optimal and suboptimal metrics for noncoherent frame synchronization are derived. The proposed tests outperform the commonly used correlation detector, leading to accurate data extraction and reduced power consumption.


Biological studies on the cassava mealy bug were carried out in mono – cropped cassava fields in Mbaitoli Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria during the dry seasons of 2006 and 2007. Population surveys of the mealy bug in the nine towns of the L.G.A. were conducted with the aid of a tally counter while behavioural, morphological and other biological studies of this notorious pest were achieved by thorough observations in the field. Even though 41% of the farms surveyed were infested with the cassava mealy bug, current mean mealy bug populations were relatively high (about 38 bugs per cassava shoot) compared with populations of less than 20 bugs per shoot observed in most fields after the establishment of the biological control programme in the late 1980s. High mealy bug populations recorded in the study stands to pose a serious threat to food availability, at least in the area. The study established Ferrisia virgata and Phenacoccus manihoti as the predominant mealy bug species in the area. The victims of F. virgata were observed to suffer general symptoms of weakening but not conspicuous distorted growth while P. manihoti was found to specialize in the infliction of distorted growth on the cassava host. Investigations in the origin, nature and significance of the mealy bug wax among others, showed that the wax is adaptive in function. Observations on the activities of predators and other enemies encountered amidst bug's populations and the nature of bug's interactions with other pests showed that the coccinellid beetles and wingless ants made impact on the mealy bugs and bugs coexisted with the cassava green spider mite. Morphological studies on the different stages of the mealy bug showed differences in size, colour, mobility and shape. The study recommends regular release of the proven natural enemy of the mealy bug (Epidinocarsis lopezi) as a pest management strategy.


The integrated and differential fiducial cross sections for the production of a W or Z boson in association with a high-energy photon are measured using pp collisions at ffiffiffi s p ¼ 7 TeV . The analyses use a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 4 : 6 fb (cid:1) 1 collected by the ATLAS detector during the 2011 LHC data-taking period. Events are selected using leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons [ W ð e(cid:1); (cid:2)(cid:1) Þ and Z ð e þ e (cid:1) ; (cid:2) þ (cid:2) (cid:1) ; (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) Þ ] with the requirement of an associated isolated photon. The data are used to test the electroweak sector of the Standard Model and search for evidence for new phenomena. The measurements are used to probe the anomalous WW(cid:3) , ZZ(cid:3) , and Z(cid:3)(cid:3) triple-gauge-boson couplings and to search for the production of vector resonances decaying to Z(cid:3) and W(cid:3) . No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and limits are placed on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings and on the production of new vector meson resonances.


Most previous studies have focused on entire trips in a geographic region, while a few of them addressed trips induced by a city landmark. Therefore paper explores trips and their CO2 emissions induced by a shopping center from a time-space perspective and their usage in relocation planning. This is conducted by the means of a case study in the city of Borlänge in mid-Sweden where trips to the city's largest shopping mall in its center are examined. We use GPS tracking data of car trips that end and start at the shopping center. Thereafter, (1) we analyze the traffic emission patterns from a time-space perspective where temporal patterns reveal an hourly-based traffic emission dynamics and where spatial patterns uncover a heterogeneous distribution of traffic emissions in spatial areas and individual street segments. Further, (2) this study reports that most of the observed trips follow an optimal route in terms of CO2 emissions. In this respect, (3) we evaluate how well placed the current shopping center is through a comparison with two competing locations. We conclude that the two suggested locations, which are close to the current shopping center, do not show a significant improvement in term of CO2 emissions. Keyword: GPS tracking data, trips, CO2 emissions, relocation planning


In the morning of 26 Nov 1997, a squall line in association with a tapering, or carrot-shaped cloud, formed along an ENE-WSW oriented cold front north of Taiwan, and moved toward the south-southeast. A segment embedded within the squall line subsequently evolved into a bow echo and made landfall over northern Taiwan. Being a very rare event and the first case in subtropical East Asia reported, this wintertime bow echo was examined in its environment, structure, and evolution mainly using the observations from the single-Doppler radar located at the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TTIA). The bow echo developed in an environment of unusually large low-level vertical wind shear of 28 m s−1 over 0-3 km, with a moderate Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of 1288 m2 s−2. The approaching baroclinic cold front was essential in providing not only a means to organize the convection, but also the vertical shear and thermodynamic conditions suitable for bow echo development. Two aspects of the present bow echo were quite different from those in the United States over mid-latitude continents: It occurred in cold season, and was accompanied by heavy rainfall, which was linked to its weaker rear inflow and slower propagation speed of about 16 m s−1.The bow echo had a length of 60-90 km, and a lifespan of about 4 h. After formation, it propagated rapidly eastward along the squall line and passed TTIA near 0600 LST, producing northwesterly surface gusts of 18.5 m s−1. The bow echo also exhibited many typical structural features; including a bulged apex, a reflectivity notch, the mid-level rear-to-front (RTF) inflow, reaching 25 m s−1, and a pair of cyclonic-anticyclonic bookend vortices. During the mature stage, the updraft tilted up-shear, and the RTF inflow jet was elevated (near 3-4 km) until very close to the gust front. The bookend vortices lasted for about 2-3 h, and were most evident at 2 km.


It is generally postulated that the amyloid β protein (Aβ) plays a central role in the progressive neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease. Important pathologic properties of this protein, such as neurotoxicity and resistance to proteolytic degradation, depend on the ability of Aβ to form β-sheet structures or amyloid fibrils. We report that melatonin, a hormone recently found to protect neurons against Aβ toxicity, interacts with Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 and inhibits the progressive formation of β-sheets and amyloid fibrils. These interactions between melatonin and the amyloid peptides were demonstrated by circular dichroism and electron microscopy for Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for Aβ1–40. Inhibition of β-sheets and fibrils could not be accomplished in control experiments when a free radical scavenger or a melatonin analog were substituted for melatonin under otherwise identical conditions. In sharp contrast with conventional anti-oxidants and available anti-amyloidogenic compounds, melatonin crosses the blood-brain barrier, is relatively devoid of toxicity, and constitutes a potential new therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease.


This interpretive grounded theory study describes and analyses how early-stage mobile app developer startups utilize an accelerator's facilities to develop and publish their game applications on a platform. The data was collected by interviewing 20 startups participating in an accelerator operated by a mobile platform-owner. Our model shows that the accelerator is affecting our early-stage startups in five areas of: their 1) market-related activities, 2) resources, 3) startup's capabilities, 4) experimenting activities, and 5) game design activities. We discuss how the startups utilize the accelerator's facilities to improve their capabilities and knowledge inside their firms which can affect their game design, access to resources, and improve their market-related activities. Furthermore, they make the accelerator into a social boundary resource through which they aim 1) to collaborate with and impact the platform decisions more effectively, and 2) to gain access to resources from other members of the ecosystem, in order to increase the chance of acquiring more users and building a reputation for entering other platforms. Our study enriches the existing literature in the areas of mobile application development and accelerators by shedding light on the game development activities of early-stage startups that have been selected to a platform-owned accelerator.


Abstract The heat load due to plasma radiation is estimated for the plasma wall components of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). A fully three-dimensional Monte Carlo code is used to simulate heating of first-wall components due to photon emission from the plasma. The plasma wall components can be described in a complex way with arbitrary shapes and orientation and flexible numerical representation. The volume radiation distribution is assumed to be described by poloidal symmetric and radially varying one-dimensional profiles aligned to the magnetic flux surfaces. A further example is given by a nonpoloidal symmetric radiation distribution following the five X point regions of the island divertor magnetic structure. Several realistic and artificial radiation profiles are chosen to investigate the local heat loads on an idealized plasma wall. The first detailed technical application of the code is the estimation of the local heat load on the Thomson scattering windows and on the inner surface of several vacuum ports of one half-module of the W7-X plasma vessel.


A cDNA expression library of Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 was constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two genes, abf1 and bxl1, were isolated by screening the yeast library for extracellular alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity with the substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. The genes abf1 and bxl1 encode 500 and 758 amino acids, respectively, including the signal sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of ABFI displays high-level similarity to the alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase B of Aspergillus niger, and the two can form a new family of glycosyl hydrolases. The deduced amino acid sequence of BXLI shows similarities to the beta-glucosidases grouped in family 3. The yeast-produced enzymes were tested for enzymatic activities against different substrates. ABFI released L-arabinose from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and arabinoxylans and showed some beta-xylosidase activity toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. BXLI did not release L-arabinose from arabinoxylan. It showed alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, alpha-L-arabinopyranosidase, and beta-xylosidase activities against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D- xylopyranoside, respectively, with the last activity being the highest. It was also able to hydrolyze xylobiose and slowly release xylose from polymeric xylan. ABFI and BXLI correspond to a previously purified alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and a beta-xylosidase from T. reesei, respectively, as confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing of the Trichoderma-produced enzymes. Both enzymes produced in yeasts displayed hydrolytic properties similar to those of the corresponding enzymes purified from T. reesei.


The characterization of graphitic and metal oxide nanomaterials through the use of Resonant Raman Spectroscopy at multiple laser excitations is the primary aim of this research. Raman spectroscopic techniques can help characterize the vibrational phonon modes of nanomaterials with little in the way of sample preparation, making it an ideal tool for device characterization. The Stokes Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes and tungsten oxide were recorded with a DXR Smart Raman spectrometer over a temperature range of 27-200 degrees Celsius. The Raman spectra of SWCNTs were used to demonstrate the bond softening and resultant red-shifting of the various Raman peaks of SWCNTs. The thermal changes in the spectra were used to characterize the nanomaterial samples with an eye to future applications for energy storage (using carbon nanotubes) and for toxic gas sensing (using tungsten oxide). The observed and modeled redshifting of the Raman frequencies and broadening of the peak widths are being used to better understand the thermomechanical response of the nanomaterials for potential device applications at elevated temperatures.


Victor Hugo's professed decision to have written a vast and serpentine novel in memory of the inscription and later effacement of a single word-anagke: fatality, necessity-- might serve to preface the following investigation of the relationship between law, power and dissimulation in the work of Michel Foucault.1 Aside from the dominant role played by regimes of visibility and invisibility,2 one of the central features of the author's search for the story behind an inscription in the recesses of Notre-Dame is his insistence on working from the bottom up through a series of local and apparently disconnected events. He thereby avoids any centralized account that would authoritatively establish the precise role of the word in the novel. Anagke, along with its French equivalents fatalite and necessite, comes to function as a place holder for various contextually defined uses. If there can be no single answer to the question "what is the meaning of anagke in Notre-Dame de Paris?" it is ultimately because Hugo situates his reader in a matrix of discursive forces lacking any final law that would determine every specific use of the term or concept.3 In other words, the reader is performatively inscribed in an elusive network of linguistic constraints that reveals a surprising proximity with the mysterious anagke that Hugo himself sets out to elucidate. Under the guise of exposing the story behind anagke, Hugo thus surreptitiously positions his reader within it.5 His object of study is concealed in the circuitous and fragmented narrative lines that are supposed to lead up to it, thereby mirroring the very process of dissimulation that accompanies anagke. This series of themes suggests an immediate affinity with the subject of the present article: the diverse currents at work in Michel Foucault's research on the question of power, particularly in the mid to late 1970s. Rejecting all essentialist attempts at a metaphysics of force that presumes to isolate the defining characteristics of power in a single, abstract and universal idea, Foucault illustrates how power operates at a local level in decentralized constellations specific to precise historical situations. Since power ultimately escapes philosophical abstraction, it is impossible to define it once and for all or even give a general account of Foucault's theory (since, strictly speaking, there is none). The difficulty inherent in discussing Foucault's work on this subject should thus be readily apparent, without mentioning the further complication that it is disseminated through essays, interviews, and passages from various books where he reformulates, corrects, or amends what he says elsewhere, leaving his reader unsure as to which particular description, if any, should be taken as authoritative. Much like Hugo's anagke, Foucault's notion of power not only eludes interpretive abstraction but, as an object of study, it cannot be divorced from the various forces operative in the very act of investigating it. For this reason, the following analysis will be partially hermeneutic and methodological in nature, in order to contravene some of the dominant tendencies at work in the construction of Foucault's "theory of power": the assumption that nominal notions such as power can be assimilated into abstract, unified concepts; the presupposition that Foucault's research evolved in a relatively homogenous fashion, leading to the progressive maturity of his ideas and their expression; and the tendency to read Foucault's conception of power through pre-existing philosophic schemata. Given these hermeneutic concerns, the investigation that follows will be guided by one central theme in order to circumvent the temptation to give a general account of power. It will focus on the transformation that occurred in Foucault's later writings when certain features of the analytics of power formulated in the 1970s were sacrificed in the name of a binary model of domination and resistance. …


The paper introduces a concept for utilisation of ICT in teaching of subjects from field of mechatronics, namely mechatronics of production systems that in our case are represented by industrial production lines processing continuous strip materials. These production lines occur in various areas of industry, e.g. paper making machines (paper strip), rolling mills (steel strip), and production lines in chemical industry (plastic material), etc. Such systems are rather complex and their explanation using multimedia is extremely suitable and visible. What is to be explained in the modules: principle of setting up mathematical models of the mechanical subsystems, electrical equipment (electrical machines, electrical drives, and power electronics converters) of production machines, and finally, control systems with implemented control algorithms (up to the artificial intelligence algorithms). In detail there are presented two modules – one form field of setting up mathematical models of mechanical subsystems and the second one from field of production lines. The topics of the modules deal with generalisation of basic principles of the real existing production and finishing lines whose study usually requires practical trainings in industry.


We have evolved to be efficient searchers by making use of the regularities of our visual world. We rapidly register two types of regularity violation: Incongruous objects in scenes are "semantic inconsistencies" (a fire-hydrant in the kitchen). Misplaced objects are "syntactic inconsistencies" (a fork on the kitchen chair). ERPs differentially reflect semantic and syntactic errors in language. Does the brain honor such differences in vision? Previous studies (Ganis & Kutas, 2004; Mudrik, Lamy, & Deouell, 2010) have shown an "N390/N400 scene congruity effect" for semantic inconsistencies, similar to the semantic N400 effect found in sentence processing. We compared ERPs for semantic and syntactic anomalies in scenes. We collected EEG data from 64 electrodes while participants attempted to memorize scenes containing an object that was either syntactically inconsistent, semantically inconsistent, both, or neither. First, the scene without the critical object was presented (500ms), followed by a location cue that indicated where to move the eyes (500ms). Then the critical object appeared at the cued location (2000ms). We found an N400 for semantic inconsistencies between 300 and 500 ms after object onset. Interestingly, we observed a prolonged deflection of the opposite (positive) sign for syntactic inconsistencies, which might resemble the P600 found for syntax manipulations in sentence processing. When we repeated the same experiment, but presented words in the scene, naming the objects, instead of the objects themselves, we found evidence for an N400 in response to semantically incongruous words in scenes, but no modulation attributable to the syntactically incongruous positioning of words. Together, these findings demonstrate that, as in sentence processing, semantic and syntactic inconsistencies of objects in scenes elicit differential brain responses. This implies that the semantic/syntax distinction is meaningful in the visual system as it is in sentence processing.


A novel approach is proposed to estimate the natural streamflow regime of a river and to assess the extent of the alterations induced by dam operation related to anthropogenic (e.g., agricultural, hydropower) water uses in engineered river basins. The method consists in the comparison between the seasonal probability density function (pdf) of observed streamflows and the purportedly natural streamflow pdf obtained by a recently proposed and validated probabilistic model. The model employs a minimum of landscape and climate parameters and unequivocally separates the effects of anthropogenic regulations from those produced by hydroclimatic fluctuations. The approach is applied to evaluate the extent of the alterations of intra‐annual streamflow variability in a highly engineered alpine catchment of north‐eastern Italy, the Piave river. Streamflows observed downstream of the regulation devices in the Piave catchment are found to exhibit smaller means/modes, larger coefficients of variation, and more pronounced peaks than the flows that would be observed in the absence of anthropogenic regulation, suggesting that the anthropogenic disturbance leads to remarkable reductions of river flows, with an increase of the streamflow variability and of the frequency of preferential states far from the mean. Some structural limitations of management approaches based on minimum streamflow requirements (widely used to guide water policies) as opposed to criteria based on whole distributions are also discussed.


This thesis addresses two separate problems - an investigation of the interaction of probe molecules with crystalline rutile and an investigation of the environment of group IA and IIA elements in organometallic compounds. Ab-initio Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed, aimed at investigating the interactions between the ionic surface of a crystal and an adsorbate molecule. Titanium dioxide, a material important for catalysis, electronic components and pigments, was chosen as the substrate, with carbon monoxide as the probe molecule. The calculations were carried out using the Crystal92 program, for the (110) surface of the Rutile polymorph of TiO(_2), employing a slab with a thickness of 5 atomic layers. The calculations investigated two orientations of the CO molecule with the molecular axis perpendicular to the surface. Results are reported showing contour diagrams for slices through the energy hypersurface parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. In order to facilitate the work described above, a program 'Builder2' was developed. This provides a convenient means for generating models of slabs of material from crystal structure data. Part of the development of Builder2 was to devise computer code to decompose standard Space Group symbols into the underlying symmetry matrices. The code for Builder2 is proprietary to Oxford Materials Ltd. and forms part of a commercial product. The environment of group IA and IIA elements in crystalline materials has not been the subject of any reported investigation. These elements, and organic ligands associated with them, play a significant role in biological systems. Around 16,000 atomic environments were extracted from the Cambridge Crystallographic Database to provide an up-to-date analysis of actual environments. The results are presented as histograms and tables, and suggestions are made for future extension of the analyses.


I am honored to present my Thesis for my M.F.A. in Theatre, in the form of a multidimensional project, drawing inspiration from the structure of Moby Dick by Herman Melville. As an undergraduate, the structure of Moby Dick intrigued me as it defies the form we call "a novel." The book includes traditional prose, an entire play, verses of poetry, and even an essay. The structure of Moby Dick further influenced my love for Speech and Debate, especially around the event of Program Oral Interpretation (POI). POI places multiple genres of literature in conversation with each other and centers them around a single argument. I am using a similar approach in this thesis work, through multiple frames including: my graduate training as an actor and playwright, as well as my prior experience in Speech and Debate, Spoken Word piety, and Hip-Hop music. During my graduate studies, I have pursued an M.F.A. in Theatre with a dual emphasis in Playwriting and Acting, In that pursuit, I balanced learning the techniques and skills of a theatre creator with learning the life skill of navigating a predominantly white space that, historically, is not designed for my success. Ultimately, this journey led me to discover my mission as a theatre artist, which is "to create theatre that lessens the distance between human beings." This credo was taught to me by Professor Amy Herzberg, and I further suggest good theatre can help Black bodies like mine exist beyond stereotypical tropes and embolden our voices. As a theatre artist, I have come to understand I cannot separate my Blackness from my performance as an actor and storyteller, and have come to fully embrace my identity as a successful Blacktor. A Blacktor, or Black actor, is a black actor who must perform their identity to survive in an environment not made for them. This thesis outlines my path on how I not only survived, but found my authentic voice and my artistic path in this environment. ©2019 Austin Dean Ashford All Rights Reserved


Topic modeling has been widely used in text mining. Previous topic models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are successful in learning hidden topics but they do not take into account metadata of documents. To tackle this problem, many augmented topic models have been proposed to jointly model text and metadata. But most existing models handle only categorical and numerical types of metadata. We identify another type of metadata that can be more natural to obtain in some scenarios. These are relative similarities among documents. In this paper, we propose a general model that links LDA with constraints derived from document relative similarities. Specifically, in our model, the constraints act as a regularizer of the log likelihood of LDA. We fit the proposed model using Gibbs-EM. Experiments with two real world datasets show that our model is able to learn meaningful topics. The results also show that our model outperforms the baselines in terms of topic coherence and a document classification task.


Nanopore sensors have developed into powerful tools for single-molecule studies since their inception two decades ago. Nanopore sensors function as nanoscale Coulter counters, by monitoring ionic current modulations as particles pass through a nanopore. While nanopore sensors can be used to study any nanoscale particle, their most notable application is as a low cost, fast alternative to current DNA sequencing technologies. In recent years, signifcant progress has been made toward the goal of nanopore-based DNA sequencing, which requires an ambitious combination of a low-noise and high-bandwidth nanopore measurement system and spatial resolution. In this dissertation, nanopore sensors in thin membranes are developed to improve dimensional resolution, and these membranes are used in parallel with a highbandwidth amplfier. Using this nanopore sensor system, the signals of three DNA homopolymers are differentiated for the first time in solid-state nanopores. The nanopore noise is also reduced through the addition of a layer of SU8, a spin-on polymer, to the supporting chip structure. By increasing the temporal and spatial resolution of nanopore sensors, studies of shorter molecules are now possible. Nanopore sensors are beginning to be used for the study and characterization of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have found many uses from biomedical imaging to next-generation solar cells. However, further insights into the formation and characterization of nanoparticles would aid in developing improved synthesis methods leading to more effective and customizable nanoparticles. This dissertation presents two methods of employing nanopore sensors to benet nanoparticle characterization and fabrication. Nanopores were used to study the formation of individual nanoparticles and serve as nanoparticle growth templates that could be exploited to create custom nanoparticle arrays. Additionally, nanopore sensors were used to characterize the surface charge density of anisotropic nanopores, which previously could not be reliably measured. Current nanopore sensor resolution levels have facilitated innovative research on nanoscale systems, including studies of DNA and nanoparticle characterization. Further nanopore system improvements will enable vastly improved DNA sequencing capabilities and open the door to additional nanopore sensing applications. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Marija Drndic


The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a classical signal processing algorithm which performs efficient approximate Bayesian inference in non-conjugate models by linearising the local measurement function, avoiding the need to compute intractable integrals when calculating the posterior. In some cases the EKF outperforms methods which rely on cubature to solve such integrals, especially in time-critical real-world problems. The drawback of the EKF is its local nature, whereas state-of-the-art methods such as variational inference or expectation propagation (EP) are considered global approximations. We formulate power EP as a nonlinear Kalman filter, before showing that linearisation results in a globally iterated algorithm that exactly matches the EKF on the first pass through the data, and iteratively improves the linearisation on subsequent passes. An additional benefit is the ability to calculate the limit as the EP power tends to zero, which removes the instability of the EP-like algorithm. The resulting inference scheme solves non-conjugate temporal Gaussian process models in linear time, O(n), and in closed form.


Human-induced disturbance can affect the ecological functioning of coastal areas and reduce the associated goods and services required for human welfare. Major concerns are rising over observed declines in the abundance of particular species as well as reductions in functional diversity and changes in food web structure. As a result, the conservation and restoration of marine biodiversity and functions is a major concern. Marine protected areas are a useful management tool to mitigate some of the human-induced changes in marine ecosystems. If properly managed and enforced, they can have several ecological, fisheries and socio-economic benefits. Effects of marine protected areas are variable and context-dependent but main drivers of change are now known. In recent years, MPA research made several important advances but some questions still remain unresolved.

Key Concepts:

Marine protected areas are a useful management tool.

Marine protected areas can have ecological, fisheries and socio-economic benefits.

Partial protection confers less ecological benefits than full protection.

Effects of marine protected areas mainly depend on their design and age, on the socio-cultural context in which they are established and on the life history traits of the species targeted by protection.

Effective marine protected areas need to be well enforced.

The global coverage of marine protected areas is still very low.

Keywords:

marine reserve;
ecology;
economy;
fisheries;
coastal management;
network;
ecosystem-based management;
conservation;
protection;
impact assessment


This study aims to explore the concept of customer complaint behaviour with a view to establishing relationship between handling customer complaints, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to investigate customer complaint behaviour among retailers in four supermarkets in Kampala, Uganda. Findings show that there is a need for customer complaints to be handled by competent and service-minded staff. Issues such as lack of courtesy and professionalism characterize the retail sector in Uganda. Concluded that complaints should be handled quickly, and feedback on complaint handling process should be encouraged by management in order to use the feedback as starting point for improving future complaint management. A major managerial implication is that organizations should pay attention to failure attribution, and that providing detailed explanation may be an effective organizational response that will have an impact on behavioural aspects of brand


Who makes international law? That is the subject of this article, with a focus on the particular case of the law of armed conflict (international humanitarian law). Is it states and only states? Or are other actors also involved? What is the role of international courts and tribunals? And where does the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross fit? Drawing on ideas of communities of practice and interactional international law, the article argues that it is the community of international humanitarian lawyers that makes international humanitarian law through a process of dialogic interaction. This community includes states, international courts and tribunals, the International Committee of the Red Cross, academics, and others. Through interaction in the selection of issues, during the drafting of outputs, and following the publication of the finished product, the community makes and shapes international humanitarian law. States thus play a crucial role in law-making, particularly insofar as the conclusion of treaties and the formation of customary international law are concerned. However, states have tended not to react to the interpretation, application and identification of the law by other members of the community. This relative silence on the part of states has had a number of consequences. Silence has been taken as acquiescence. The response of other members of the community to the publication of an output has taken on a greater significance. And states have been side-lined. The Article concludes by discussing ways in which states can re-engage in the making and shaping of international humanitarian law.


Kinetics of oxidation of aniline by N-bromophthalimide (NBP) in acetonitrile-water solvent mixture at 303 K in the presence of perchloric acid has been followed iodometrically. The reaction is first order with respect to both aniline and NBP and is catalyzed by H + ion and the order of the reaction with respect to (H + ) is also one. It has been found that the reaction rate is not affected by changes in ionic strength of the reaction medium or by the addition of acrylonitrile and potassium bromide. However, addition of phthalimide causes a decrease in the rate of reaction. An increase in the water content of the solvent mixture decreases the rate of reaction. Thermodynamic and activation parameters have also been evaluated.


Objective: The study is aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae) flower extract (CBFE) and to study its effect on radiographic outcome in adjuvant induced arthritis and authentication by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) chemical fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: CBFE was administered orally (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg b.wt.) and tested for its anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced inflammation, cotton pellet induced chronic granulomatous inflammation and autacoids-induced inflammation. Effect on radiographic outcome was tested in adjuvant-induced arthritis. CBFE was HPTLC fingerprinted in suitable solvent system. Result: In carrageenan-induced inflammation, CBFE produced significant inhibition in edema volume at all the doses (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.wt.) and percentage of inhibition was 28.68, 31.00, and 22.48, respectively as compared to control at 5 h of its administration. In cotton pellet granuloma assay, CBFE significantly decreased the granuloma weight at 300 mg/kg dose level by 22.53%. CBFE (300 mg/kg) caused significant inhibition by 37.5, 44.44, and 35.29% edema volume, at ½, 1 and 3 h after 5-hydroxytryptamine injection, respectively. Radiographic score of animals treated with 300 mg/kg CBFE was significantly decreased when compared to arthritic control animals. Conclusion: The extract was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. CBFE treatment improved the bony architecture in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The developed HPTLC fingerprint would be helpful in the authentication of C. bonducella flower extract.


High-Performance Embedded Computing, Second Edition, combines leading-edge research with practical guidance in a variety of embedded computing topics, including real-time systems, computer architecture, and low-power design. Author Marilyn Wolf presents a comprehensive survey of the state of the art, and guides you to achieve high levels of performance from the embedded systems that bring these technologies together. The book covers CPU design, operating systems, multiprocessor programs and architectures, and much more. Embedded computing is a key component of cyber-physical systems, which combine physical devices with computational resources for control and communication. This revised edition adds new content and examples of cyber-physical systems throughout the book, including design methodologies, scheduling, and wide-area CPS to illustrate the possibilities of these new systems. * Revised and updated with coverage of recently developed consumer electronics architectures and models of computing* Includes new VLIW processors such as the TI Da Vinci, and CPU simulation * Learn model-based verification and middleware for embedded systems * Supplemental material includes lecture slides, labs, and additional resources


Malfunction of the male reproductive system might be a sensitive marker of environmental hazards, the effects of which may extend beyond reproductive function. The testis is more vulnerable to heat and ionising radiation than any other organ of the body and several xenobiotics are known to disrupt spermatogenesis after low level exposure. Studies of environmental impact on human health are often most informative and accurate when carried out in the workplace where exposures can be high and easy to document. Semen analysis provides readily obtainable information on testicular function. The main advantages in comparison with functional measures such as fertility rates and time taken to conceive are the possibilities to examine men independently of marriage and pregnancy, to find changes of fecundity with different exposures within the same person and to detect adverse effects when no alteration of fertility is yet taking place. In the implementation of an occupational sperm study considerable attention must be paid to logistic issues. A mobile laboratory unit for initial semen preparation and processing may in some situations increase worker compliance and the quality of sperm cell motility. The cross sectional design which has been used in almost all male reproductive studies so far has several severe limitations including selection bias because of differential participation, difficulties in defining a suitable reference group, and lack of information about the time dimension of the cause-effect relation. The longitudinal design deals adequately with most of these constraints. Semen samples are collected before, during, and possibly after exposure to the risk factor of interest and causal inferences are based upon change of semen variables within a man over time rather than upon differences between men. The logistics of the longitudinal study may benefit from pre-employment health examinations to enrol newly hired workers and require fewer participants to obtain comparable statistical power. In conclusion, andrological methods and epidemiological designs are available for the implementation of valid studies concerned with environmental impact on human testicular function. Occupational sperm studies should probably not be the first choice when the objective is initial screening of environmental impact on fertility but should be implemented when their is a need to corroborate or refuse earlier evidence that specific exposures have impact on testicu-


Tunable, narrow-linewidth photoluminescence with nearly ideal quantum yields and solution processability make colloidal quantum dots (QDs) a unique class of emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Wide color gamut and high color saturation that can be achieved with QDs along with recent advances in QD-LEDs motivate their use as large-area, patternable electroluminescent materials especially in displays. In this review, critical issues in performance and long-term stability of QD-LEDs, Cd-free compositions necessary for practical applications, lower-symmetry heterostructures that impart new capabilities, and unconventional fabrication approaches are discussed. As the current CdSe-based QD-LEDs approach their performance limits, emerging nanorod heterostructures, as exemplified by the double heterojunction nanorods (DHNRs), can extend efficiencies beyond these limits. Furthermore, enhancements in device lifetime and light detection/photovoltaic capabilities using the same high-performance DHNR-LEDs can allow exciting prospects for novel emissive displays. Such multifunctional LEDs that can be solution-processed into large-area, mulitcolor pixel arrays may fundamentally alter how we perceive, interact with and utilize display devices.


One of the major characteristics of English in non-native settings is that it exists alongside indigenous languages and most people who study English here come to the language classroom with knowledge of at least an L1. Because the rhetorical structure of the L1 of these learners is not the same as that of English, what is written in these settings often exhibits features that do not meet the expectation of a typical western mind. This study analyses the structural configuration and some syntactic features that characterise students' essays in a formal academic situation in Cameroon. The corpus is composed of 104 essays written by two batches of students (2002/2003, 2003/2004 academic years) in the department of English of the Ecole Normale Superieure Yaounde. Findings reveal that the structure of most essays examined does not follow the strict logical sequence that is characteristic of the typical English essay. And this may well reflect the narrative style that is foreign to the English native speaker. Again, there is a general tendency of register "mixing" in most of the essays. The article concludes that expository writing in Cameroon may well constitute a fruitful area of research into aspects of "nativization" of cohesion and rhetorical strategies of English in the "Outer Circle".


In previous work (2004), we characterized the optimal throughput-delay trade-off in static wireless networks as D(n) = Theta(nT(n)), where D(n) and T(n) are the average packet delay and throughput in a network of n nodes, respectively. While this trade-off captured the essential network dynamics, packets needed to scale down with the network size. In this "fluid model", no buffers were required. Due to this packet scaling, D(n) did not correspond to the average delay per bit. That led to the question whether the trade-off remains the same when the packet size is kept constant, which necessitates buffers and packet scheduling in the network. In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative by showing that the optimal throughput-delay trade-off is still D(n) = Theta(nT(n)), where now D(n) is the average delay per bit. Packets of constant size necessitate the use of buffers in the network, which in turn requires scheduling packet transmissions in a discrete-time queueing network and analyzing the corresponding delay. Our method consists of deriving packet schedules in the discrete-time network by looking at a corresponding continuous-time network and then analyzing the delay induced in the actual discrete network using results from queueing theory for continuous-time networks


Every year, millions of dollars are invested and spent on works covered by copyright. However, in the platform economy, where most content is currently stored and viewed, copyright holders face infringements of their rights at an ever-increasing scale. While Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act serves a useful speech-protecting function, unless the United States is willing to forego copyright law and the economic interests that it protects, some effort is needed to develop an efficient mechanism of copyright enforcement for platforms. In this paper, we pull together copyright law, the law of platform liability, and the economics of enforcement to explore models of no liability, notice and takedown, strict liability, and negligence. We discuss how platform liability can encourage the creation of creative work, but may also lead to over-blocking and chilling effects. Using a formal model, we consider what mechanisms of copyright enforcement can maintain the speech protections of Section 230 while incentivizing authors to create new works.


This article concentrates on the history of Persatuan Pemuda Muslim se-Eropa (PPME, Young Muslims Association in Europe), depicting its founders'qualifications, historical founding, and nature, which has been against practical politics, and restructure and expansion. This association remains the largest Indonesian Islam-oriented Muslim association in Europe. However, there has been little research done on this association, despite its significant contributions to the socio-cultural and religous activities of Indonesian Muslims in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and Germany. Therefore, this article aims to fill the gap in academic research, dealing with its creation and  development up till the present. To deal with this subject, a historical method emphasizing a chronological approach is applied. In addition to historical evidence, oral sources were primarily used due to the scarcity of written documents.


With the fast development of communication networks, cooperative communication has been more widely used in many different fields, such as satellite networks, broadcast networks, internet and so on. Therefore relay channels have been playing a pivotal role since their definitions were proposed by Van-der Meulen. However, the general achievable rate region of a relay channel is still unknown which inspires more people to persistently work on. There are several different kinds of coding schemes proposed by people after relay channels came into our lives. Until now, the two most commonly used coding strategies of relay channels are Decode-and-Forward and Compress-and-Forward. In this thesis we will provide a way to obtain the achievable rate region for two-way relay channels by using decode-and-forward coding. With the knowledge of basic information theory and network information theory, we will focus our study on the achievable rates of relay channels. Most of the previous study of relay channels are aiming to find a more general achievable rate region. In this thesis, an intuitional way will be used to study four-terminal relay channels. This method makes a good use of the information from three-terminal relay channels by separating a fourterminal relay channel into two parts: (1). a three-terminal relay channel; (2). a common end node. The final achievable rate region is obtained by combing together the separate achievable rates of the two parts. We split the complex model to two easier ones, this idea may give help for doing researches on more complicated channels. Eliminating interferences is also a difficulty in the study of relay channels. Comparing with the achievable rate regions of two-way two-relay channels which have already been proved, we found that it is feasible to separate a two-way two-relay channel into a threeterminal relay channel and an common end node. Therefore, we apply this method to all two-way four-terminal relay channels. After fixing two different source nodes, all of the possible transmission schemes are presented in this thesis. However not all of the fourterminal channels can be separated into two parts. By studying the schemes failed to be decomposed to a three-terminal relay channel and a common end node, we found that these schemes are infeasible for message transmission. Thus our method can still be used to study on feasible two-way relay channels.


The second assessment measurement had students rate their perceptions of their own knowledge and scientific decision-making skills. The instrument was completed in a pre/post test manner by 100 and 79 students, respectively in Fall 2001 in Interdisciplinary Science I (the course utilizing the ESA21 exercises), and was also completed by 169 students in Interdisciplinary Science II at the beginning of the same semester. All of the students in Interdisciplinary Science II had utilized the old laboratory program, allowing us to again compare the ESA21 and conventional exercises. The survey included open-ended and Likert-scale questions, and had six questions regarding content knowledge of basic science, nine questions about content knowledge of environmental issues, five questions about scientific skills, and three open-ended questions about how they view environmental issues. There were noticeable differences in the SCI 1101 pre and post survey results for all of the content and skills questions, with trends towards increased levels of content understanding or awareness of environmental issues in the post-survey. This indicated that the students felt the ESA21 exercises helped to improve their knowledge of the scientific process, basic principles in environmental science, and environmental issues. When the post-survey results (ESA21) were compared to the Interdisciplinary Science II students (old exercises), many of the same trends appeared as in the comparisons of the pre and post-surveys. Students completing the post-survey (ESA21) generally reported higher levels of agreement with statements about increased knowledge and environmental awareness, indicating the ESA21 exercises may have been more successful at improving student perceptions of knowledge than the conventional exercises, perhaps due to the close tie-in with the lecture material and greater relevance to daily life.


We propose WELCOME, an innovative integrated care platform using wearable sensors and smart cloud computing for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients with co-morbidities. WELCOME aims to bring about a change in the reactive nature of the management of chronic diseases and its comorbidities, in particular through the development of a patient centred and proactive approach to COPD management. The aim of WELCOME is to support healthcare services to give early detection of complications (potentially reducing hospitalisations) and the prevention and mitigation of comorbidities (Heart Failure, Diabetes, Anxiety and Depression). The system incorporates patient hub, where it interacts with the patient via a light vest including a large number of non-invasive chest sensors for monitoring various relevant parameters. In addition, interactive applications to monitor and manage diabetes, anxiety and lifestyle issues will be provided to the patient. Informal carers will also be supported in dealing with their patients. On the other hand, welcome smart cloud platform is the heart of the proposed system where all the medical records and the monitoring data are managed and processed via the decision support system. Healthcare professionals will be able to securely access the WELCOME applications to monitor and manage the patient's conditions and respond to alerts on personalized level.


This paper concerns situations similar to the ones occurring in the city of Naples, which result in a continuous degradation that destroys resources and detracts from their future usability. The main difficulties are to be found in terms of organisational and managerial skills in integrated project planning. Besides, the sustainable development, at any territorial scale, is made not only of 'projects' but, mainly of 'policies' defining a long term strategy. Consequently, the main problem is not estimating the single 'creative' project but elaborating and estimating policies that stimulate the contents of creativity in order to support development. This paper first underlines the inefficiency causes of present regulation system. Then, we verify the contribution that evaluation procedures can give. In particular, we analyse two instruments, useful tools to overcome management constraints: the use of a methodological support to achieve the best financial resource allocation between the sectors involved and an organisation that simplifies and accelerates decision-making procedures to facilitate private participation.


A critical issue in any racial vote dilution case is the proportionality (or lack thereof) of a minority group's representation: how well (or poorly) minority voters are represented relative to their share of the population. In an important recent opinion, Judge Easterbrook proposed replacing this proportionality benchmark with what we call the "race-blind baseline." Under this approach, minority voters' representation would be compared not to their population share but rather to the fraction of seats they would control if districts were drawn randomly and without the use of racial data. Unsurprisingly, conservative advocates have been quick to embrace Judge Easterbrook's idea. The current Supreme Court, which has already dismantled part of the Voting Rights Act, may also be interested in adopting the race-blind baseline. Yet until now, no one has explored this benchmark's implications: how it would affect minority representation as well as the partisan balance of power.

In this Article, we tackle these questions for the first time. We do so using a technique—the random generation of district maps by a computer algorithm—that has become the gold standard in partisan gerrymandering cases, but that has not previously been deployed in the context of race and redistricting. We find, first, that in most states, a non-racial redistricting process would yield substantially fewer districts where minority voters are able to elect their preferred candidates. Judge Easterbrook's proposal would thus cause a considerable drop in minority representation. Second, we show that the minority opportunity districts that arise when lines are drawn randomly are quite different from the ones that now exist. They are less likely to pack minority voters and more apt to represent them through coalitions with white voters. And third, contradicting the conventional wisdom about the link between minority and partisan representation, we demonstrate that Democrats would not benefit from the elimination of opportunity districts under the race-blind baseline. Rather, in the southern states where the benchmark would have the biggest impact, it is Republicans who would gain a partisan edge.


The mechanisms by which the brain represents colors are largely unknown. In addition, the large number of color phenomena in the natural world has made understanding color rather difficult. Color transparency perception, which is studied in this thesis, is precisely one of these interesting phenomena: when a surface is seen both in plain view and through a transparent overlay, the visual system still identifies it as a single surface. Processes of the visual system have widely inspired researchers in many domains such as neurosciences, psychology, as well as computer vision. The progress of digital imaging technologies requires research engineers to deal with issues that demand knowledge of human visual processing. To humans, an image is not a random collection of pixels, but a meaningful arrangement of regions and objects. One thus can be inspired by the human visual system to investigate color representation and its applicability to digital image processing. Finding a model of perception is still a challenging matter for researchers among multidisciplinary fields. This thesis discusses the problem of defining an accurate model of transparency perception. Despite the large number of studies on this topic, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Investigating perceptual transparency is challenging due to its interactions with different visual phenomena, but the most intensively studied conditions for perceptual transparency are those involving achromatic luminance and chromatic constraints. Although these models differ in many aspects, a broad distinction can be drawn between models of additive and subtractive transparency. The General Convergence Model (GCM) combines both additive and subtractive color mixtures in showing that systematic chromatic changes in a linear color space, such as translation and convergence (or a combination of both), lead to perceptual transparency. However, while this model seems to be a necessary condition, it is not a sufficient one for transparency perception. A first motivation of this thesis was to evaluate and define situations more general than the GCM. Several chromatic changes consistent or not with the GCM were generated. Additional parameters, such as configural complexity, luminance level, magnitude of the chromatic change and shift direction were tested. The main results showed that observers' responses are influenced by each of the above cited parameters. Convergences appear significantly more transparent when motion is added for bipartite configurations, or when they are generated in a checkerboard configuration. Translations are influenced by both configuration and motion. Shears are described as opaque, except when short vector lengths are combined with motion: the overlay tends to be transparent. Divergences are strongly affected by motion and vector lengths, and rotations by a combination of checkerboard configuration with luminance level and vector length. These results question the generality of the GCM. We also investigated the effects of shadows on the perception of a transparent filter. An attempt to extend these models to handle transparency perception in complex scenes involving surfaces varying in shape and depth, change in conditions of illumination and shadow, is described. A lightness-matching task was performed to evaluate how much constancy is shown by the subject among six experimental conditions, in which shadow position, shadow blur, shadow and filter blending values were varied. The results showed that lightness constancy is very high even if surfaces were seen under both filter and shadow. A systematic deviation from perfect constancy in a manner consistent with a perceived additive shift was also observed. Because the GCM includes additive mixture and is related to color and lightness constancy, these results are promising and may be explained ultimately by this model.


Conducting sound measurement studies of the global Internet is inherently difficult. The collected data significantly depends on vantage point(s), sampling strategies, security policies, or measurement populations -- and conclusions drawn from the data can be sensitive to these biases. Crowdsourcing is a promising approach to address these challenges, although the epistemological implications have not yet received substantial attention by the research community. We share our findings from leveraging Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) system for three distinct network measurement tasks. We describe our failure to outsource to MTurk an execution of a security measurement tool, our subsequent successful integration of a simple yet meaningful measurement within a HIT, and finally the successful use of MTurk to quickly provide focused small sample sets that could not be obtained easily via alternate means. Finally, we discuss the implications of our experiences for other crowdsourced measurement research.


It is estimated that over nine million new tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide occurred in 2009. However, only 63% of these cases were notified, which is lower than the 75% target set by the DOTS strategy. The lack of ideal diagnostic tests is one of the major barriers to effective TB reduction. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of a novel liquid culture based technique (Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility Assay-MODS) and a new generation fluorescence microscope (Light Emitting Diodes fluorescence microscope - LED fluorescence microscope) in diagnosis of TB and multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR- TB) in Viet Nam, a resource limited, high burden setting. In the studies described in this thesis, MODS had a higher sensitivity than homogenous smear microscopy, detecting an additional 13% of cases, in diagnosis of TB. Importantly, the pooled sensitivity of MODS (53.0%) was comparable to that of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube technique (MGIT) (57.8%) with clinical presentation as the gold standard. In terms of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR- TB) diagnosis, MODS had rather low sensitivity in detection of Isoniazid (INH) or Rifampicin (RIF) resistant and MDR isolates, 72.6%, 72.7% and 77.8%, respectively against the proportional drug susceptibility testing (DST) method. The low sensitivity of DST-MODS in this study was probably due to low bacterial load samples and use of a high INH critical concentration (O.4~g/ml). For LED microscopy, the detection rate, sensitivity, specificity and false negative of LED 40X were comparable to those of conventional fluorescence microscope and light microscope. The false positive rate • of LED 40X increased in comparison with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) reading in the early phases of the evaluation (2.6% and 2.7% vs 0% in the validation and implementation phases vs continuation phase, respectively), probably due to lack of experience among technicians, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). In the last phase, no false positive result was recorded. Although the reading time of fluorescence-LED (FM-LED) and ZN reading were less than 2 minutes, ZN-light microscope (ZN-LM) reading time was shorter than that of FM-LED40X, especially in positive smears (P=0.007) in the early study phase. By the end of the study, FM-LED reading time was shorter than ZN-LM which was recorded in the early phase. With high experienced technicians there may be little or no additional benefit to case detection if a light microscope is replaced by a fluorescence microscope. In general, MODS and LED microscopy are reliable methods for use in diagnosis of TB in resource limited settings due to their accuracy, reliability and low costs. Large scale operational projects should be conducted to evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of these methods in countries where these techniques are to be implemented.


The Reactions of Silicon Difluoride with Sulfur Compounds: The Silicon-Sulfur Bond by Dennis L. Williams The reactions of silicon difluoride with several sulfur containing compounds have been investigated in an attempt to synthesize compounds containing the silicon-sulfur bond. Of the previous reactions of silicon difluoride with sulfur com¬ pounds, only two, the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur reactions, produced compounds containing silicon-sulfur bonds. The products of the H2S reaction were SiF2HSH, S^FL+HSH, SiF2HSSH and S^Fi^HSSH. The reaction between SiF2 and sulfur produced both linear and cyclic fluorosilthianes. SiF2 abstracted the oxygen atom from thionyl fluoride and the chloride to form linear and cyclic halosiloxanes. SF4, SF0 and thiophene apparently did not react. The first new reaction of SiF2 was with dimethylsulfoxide. As in the thionyl fluoride reaction, oxygen abstraction seemed to be the favorable reaction due to the production of S^OFg and (CH3)2S. A small amount of CH3SiF3 was also produced. Dimethyl sulfide is rather unreactive towards S3.F2 as only a small amount of CK3SiF3 was formed in their reaction. Oxygen abstraction and polymer formation were evidenced in the reaction of dimethyl sulfite with SiF2* A large amount of Si.2OF0 and a surprisingly stable polymer were formed. The polymer was not pyrophoric or hydrolysis sensitive as are most SiF2 polymers. The existence of (-C-O-Si-) linkages in the polymer was implied by the cracking of CH30SiF3 from the polymer matrix. There was no apparent reaction between bis(trifluoromethyl) disulfide and SiF2* Ethylene sulfide, methane sulfonyl chloride and dimethyl disulfide reacted with SiF2, but the reaction products are not fully charac¬ terized . The scarcity of silicon-sulfur compounds in the reaction products is undoubtedly due to the instability of these compounds and to the affinity of SiF2 for atoms other than sulfur. It may be possible to produce compounds of this sort by reacting SiF2 with thiocarbonyl compounds and sulfur monohalides or by reacting gaseous SiS or SiS2 with various reagents.


ABSTRACT The Europeanisation process in Turkey that extended roughly from 1999 to 2006 boosted the political and cultural rights of diverse ethnic groups in Turkey, including Circassians, and strengthened their claims for equal citizenship. With the loss or weakening of the EU as an anchor for democratic reform in the post-2007 period, however, the de-Europeanisation process has resulted in the disappearance of the main legal and institutional basis for the democratic integration of ethnocultural minorities. Nevertheless, analysis of the activities of four large Circassian communities in Turkey shows that the same process has enhanced the cultural reification of these groups as their survival strategy.


This study aims to obtain an understanding of Saudi teachers' perceptions on technology use in the classroom. In particular, it aims to answer the questions on what the teachers' perceptions are about the effects of technology on their teaching and what difficulties they encounter when using technology. A Likert-scale survey was used to collect data, with the questions divided into three sections, namely questions on the teachers' perceptions on the use of technology in their classes, its impact on the students and teachers, and the challenges that the teachers face with technology. The research involved 32 female teachers from public schools in Saudi Arabia. An analysis of the data through descriptive statistics showed the following mean score for the teachers' perception on technology use: 4.42 (Lessons are more interesting when teachers use technology)...etc. On the other hand, the following is the mean score for the impact of technology use: 4.13 (Able to reinforce and expand on content being taught)...etc. Finally, the following are the mean scores for the challenges that the teachers encountered when using technology: 4.09 (Inefficient time to prepare materials based on technology)...etc. These results imply that the participants have positive perceptions of technology use; that they believe technology use to have a positive impact on their teaching and on the students' learning; and that lack of support from their school administrators are their greatest challenges with using technology in the classroom. Running head: FEMALE TEACHERS' PERCEPTION


The present paper provides a revision of the pycnodontiform fish genera that are based on articulated material. The results of the first cladistic analysis on the interrelationships of the order Pycnodontiformes Berg, 1937 are also presented: it is based on 105 characters for 33 taxa. The monophyly of the order, of the suborder Pycnodontoidei Nursall, 1996, and of the family Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1833 sensu Nursall 1996b (in large sense) are confirmed; the suborder Gyrodontoidei appears, in contrast, as a paraphyletic group. The revision of the historic nomenclatural problems and the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships show that the genera Eomesodon Woodward, 1918, Coelodus Heckel, 1854, and Palaeobalistum Blainville, 1818, as previously recognized, were not natural assemblages. The new genera Apomesodon n. gen., Ocloedus n. gen., Oropycnodus n. gen., and Abdobalistum n. gen., together with two new species (Apomesodon surgens n. gen., n. sp. and Abdobalistum thyrsus n. gen., n. sp.), are erected to locate former species of those non-monophyletic genera. The subfamilies Proscinetinae n. rank, Pycnodontinae n. rank, and Nursalliinae n. rank, are also proposed, together with the superfamily Pycnodontoidea n. rank, which gathers the sister-groups Coccodontidae and Pycnodontidae. A completely revised systematic palaeontology of the Pycnodontiformes is provided.


Letters to the Editor are brief communications intended to provide prompt publication of significant research results and to permit an exchange of views on papers previously published in the Journal. Letters are subject to review, but the authors assume full responsibility for information or opinion expressed.


The authors develop a small open-economy dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium (DSGE) model in an attempt to understand the dynamic relationships in Canadian macroeconomic data. The model differs from most recent DSGE models in two key ways. First, for prices and wages, the authors use the time-dependent staggered contracting model of Dotsey, King, and Wolman (1999) and Wolman (1999), rather than the Calvo (1983) specification. Second, to model investment, the authors adopt Edge's (2000a, b) framework of time-to-build with ex-post inflexibilities. The model's parameters are chosen to minimize the distance between the structural model's impulse responses to interest rate, demand (consumption), and exchange rate shocks and those from an estimated vector autoregression (VAR). The majority of the model's theoretical impulse responses fall within the 5 and 95 per cent confidence intervals generated by the VAR.


Seat belt use on rural roads is especially important due to the relatively high risk for injury compared to urban areas. In the northern plains, where nearly 90% of travel occurs on rural roads, addressing this issue is particularly critical. A cohort group of 32 states was used to study seat belt use on rural roads. Means tests and regression models were designed to identify influential factors in state-level seat belt use rates as well as individual driver seat belt decisions. Results show state-level seat belt use rates are inversely related to the share of annual miles traveled on rural roads. Higher citation rates are positively related to seat belt use in the case of state-level rates. Fatal crash event analysis shows that higher shares of urban population in the state where the crash occurred increases likelihood for seat belt use. Primary enforcement is associated with a 14% greater probability for seat belt use among cohort drivers. Higher fines also have a significant influence. Cohort drivers were 21% less likely to be belted when fines were $20 or less. This effect is more pronounced in primary states than secondary states. Drivers in those states are 36% less likely to be wearing seat belts when fines are at $20 or less. Findings also show that increased driver compliance with seat belt laws in secondary states is influenced by enforcement intensity – drivers were 18% more likely to be belted in states with high enforcement activity. Among drinking drivers and young adults, primary enforcement produces a substantial increase in likelihood a driver was belted. Findings will be useful in promoting more efficient seat belt interventions for rural areas based on alignment with state and local driver characteristics.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of our study was to determine lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activity in umbilical cord blood of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. Materials and methods: Umbilical cord arterial blood samples were collected from 21-term singleton SGA newborn infants and 21 age- and sex-matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term neonates prospectively born by elective cesarean section for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for antioxidant activity. Results: MDA levels were increased (5.20 vs. 3.52 nmol/mL; p < 0.001), while levels of SOD (6.24 vs. 8.99 U/mL; p < 0.01) were decreased in SGA neonates when compared with AGA newborn infants. Conclusions: Elevated MDA levels and decreased SOD activity in umbilical cord blood may show the possibility of insufficient protective mechanisms against increased oxidative stress in SGA neonates born by cesarean section.


Computer or mathematical models are not exact representation of reality: lack of knowledge, technical restrictions and particular modeling goals make it necessary to approximate the real system in various ways. Nevertheless, the procedures by which the models are adjusted to observed data are often based on the assumptions that the real system has the same structure as the model and differs only in the values of certain parameters. These particular values usually should be included in the feasible set of the parameter values, and this fact, together with some additional conditions, usually provides the convergence property for many individual algorithms.

However, in reality all of these assumptions are generally false. Even if the structure of the system corresponds to the structure of the model, the real parameters values often do not belong to the presupposed feasible set. Moreover, mathematicians often consciously diminish this set in order to simplify the estimation algorithms. For instance they approximate the bounded compact set of parameter values by a set consisting of a finite number of points, thus increasing the chances that the real parameter values will be excluded.

It is therefore both remarkable and surprising to find that despite these false assumptions and approximations, the parameter estimation algorithms often still converge! The model resulting from this tuning procedure will of course not coincide with the real system. and this rises the natural question: how far is this computer model from reality?

When considering this question it is necessary to have some way of measuring the distance between individual models. One of measure of divergence was introduced by Bhattacharya; Kullback also formulated some measure of information distance. However these measures were not proper metrics. Baram and Sandell later introduced a modified version of Kullback measure, which have been shown to be a proper distance metric. They applied this approach to linear Gaussian systems and models; in this paper it is generalized to a wider class of systems....


"The literature of the classical world that has survived is a pitiful remnant of what once existed...." So begins Bernard Knox's preface to an anthology that introduces the modern reader to the enormous breadth and rich variety of that "pitiful remnant" - the foundation of Western literature and culture, the inspiration for writers from Dante to Shakespeare to T. S. Eliot. However much - or little - of it we may have read, classical literature has shaped our world and how we perceive it. Yet for most of us classical writing is little more than a narrow circle of legendary figures. The names of Homer, Aeschylus, Plato, Virgil, and Saint Augustine are familiar, but behind their work lies a vast fellowship of writers with a common mythological and artistic heritage. The Norton Book of Classical Literature thus includes not only the "greats" but also significant though lesser known figures and traditions: archaic lyric poets, Alexandrian Greeks, and Roman satirists, for example. Also recovered for us are the breathtaking variety of forms that literature took - epic, lyric, ode, dithyramb, tragedy, comedy, history, dialogue, idyll, epigram, satire, to name a few. The translations selected for this collection, from classic nineteenth-century versions to as yet unpublished manuscripts, reflect the diversity of the works themselves and bring them to us with eloquence and clarity. In his brilliant introduction - an account of the development of classical literature from the origins of the Greek language and Homer to the fall of Rome and Saint Augustine - Knox distills for the general reader a complex literary tradition and allows even those with a thorough knowledge of classical writing to seethat tradition anew. Informative notes throughout the book allow works - some long forgotten, ignored, or misinterpretedto emerge, as vital and compelling today as they were so many centuries ago. From the lyrical precision of Archilochus and Sappho to the epic sweep of Apollonius


Like any new editor, I have set some goals for Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne (CP/PC). My first goal is to increase the international profile of our journal while maintaining its Canadian character. My second goal is to increase the profile of basic science within the journal without diminishing the focus on applied areas. The first step in achieving these goals involved making some changes to the structure of the editorial board. You will notice that on the masthead, in addition to the many distinguished Canadian researchers who make up our board, we have added a complement of international board members who are authorities in their discipline and who have already started to provide valuable input on important scientific matters. Their presence will increase the visibility of the journal around the world. Our editorial board may be more diverse than ever, as it includes distinguished academics representing both applied and basic areas. Their expertise span from biopsychology to clinical psychology, from cognitive psychology to professional ethics and standards, and from perception and psychophysics to industrial psychology. Many of my colleagues have told me that they always considered CP/PC to be a "clinical" or "applied" journal. This is not so. We welcome important papers from any area of psychology, including, but not limited to, biopsychology, clinical, cognitive, educational, history of psychology, quantitative, social, and so on. We aim to publish papers that would be of interest to large cross sections of psychologists spanning across more than one area of specialty. Topics such as neuronal regeneration, ethics in psychology, and history of our field all fit this category. In an effort to demonstrate the broad mandate of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, I have decided to publish a special section on D. 0. Hebb (this issue). I distinctly remember when I first came across Hebb's name. I was a high school senior in Thessaloniki, Greece; I was sitting on a park bench when I read in a newspaper that a psychologist from McGill University in Montreal had changed the way we think about the brain and behaviour. While attending McGill University, I was fortunate to study Introductory Psychology under Ronald Melzack, who offered a course that was largely focused on Hebb's ideas. Hebb, a basic scientist, had a great impact around the world and we are all proud that he has been one of the great minds of Canadian psychology. In this issue, world-class commentators re-evaluate Hebb's neural network learning rule in relation to all relevant new knowledge that has accumulated over the last several decades. We have also included a review of Hebb's classic text, The Organization of Behavior. Although the book was originally published in 1949, it was re-released in 2002 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Richard Tees reviews the book from a contemporary perspective. Coincidentally, one of the papers that was accepted by the previous editor, Vic Catano, was related to Hebb's neural network learning rule. This paper by Lord, Hanges, and Godfrey complements the section on Hebb and, as such, I decided to include it in this issue. …


Lexicographica. Series Maior features monographs and edited volumes on the topics of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Works from the broader domain of lexicology are also included, provided they strengthen the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of lexicography and meta-lexicography. The almost 150 books published in the series since its founding in 1984 clearly reflect the main themes and developments of the field. The publications focus on aspects of lexicography such as micro- and macrostructure, typology, history of the discipline, and application-oriented lexicographical documentation.