The Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) has a long tradition of flare observations. In this paper, we would like to direct the reader's attention to observations of a small δ spot that produced a moderate flare activity characterized by 18 C-class and 2 M-class flares. Active region NOAA 8076 (BBSO 3877) was one of the first active regions in the new solar cycle 23. We present for the first time high spatial resolution white-light observations obtained on 1997 August 31 with the speckle masking technique to study mechanisms that trigger flares. Almost diffraction-limited speckle reconstructions revealed the complex and highly dynamical behavior of a small emerging δ configuration in the central part of NOAA 8076. We found strong shear flows and indications of strong transverse fields in the small δ spot. The flare-producing mechanism for this small activity complex was very similar to that of the outstanding flare-producing region NOAA 5395 of 1989 March however, on a completely opposite spatial scale. As an important by-product, the speckle-interferometric techniques provided information about the seeing quality at a site. We used the spectral ratio technique to estimate the Fried parameter r0. We measured a maximum Fried parameter of r=10.3 cm and an average Fried parameter of r0 = 9.0 ± 0.7 cm in which the standard deviation reflects the temporal variations of the seeing, indicating good seeing conditions during our observations.


Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have targeted growth regulatory proteins in prostate cancer models. To identify compensatory alterations in the expression of non-targeted genes we evaluate mono- and bispecific oligos targeting and equally suppressing the expression of the apoptosis inhibitory protein bcl-2. Bcl-2 is chosen because oligos directed towards it have entered clinical trials to restore apoptosis in cancer patients. Treated LNCaP cells compensate for the diminished bcl-2 by suppressing caspase-3 (an apoptosis promoter) while enhancing expression of AKT-1 (another apoptosis inhibitor), androgen receptor (AR) and its (p300 and IL-6) coactivators. Additional proteins are enhanced including PD-1, its ligand PD-L1 (immune checkpoint blockade markers) and fas-ligand, which activate apoptosis through the signal transduction, along with suppressor protein p53, polymerase transcription mediator MED-12 and signal transducer STAT-3. These alterations in expression may contribute to a greatly enhanced expression of the proliferation marker KI-67. This suggests that therapeutic approaches to restore apoptosis through suppression of bcl-2 lead to an altered expression in non-targeted genes involving apoptosis, androgen sensitivity, transcriptional activity and immune responsiveness, leads to an increase in proliferation (and a more androgen driven aggressive phenotype). In this study we evaluate the expression of two oncogenes (v-myc and K-ras) and find a large and significant enhancement of v-myc activity, which is produced by oligos targeting bcl-2 at the 5' position. For K-ras, although significant suppression is produced by the bispecific targeting bcl-2 at the 3' position, the percent change is relatively small compared with other compensatory alterations we have measured, and much less than in v-myc. Therefore, for the two oncogenes being evaluated, only increased v-myc activity is probably large enough to contribute to increased tumor aggressiveness in compensation for bcl-2 suppression.


Abstract At first sight, French nuclear energy policy offers a textbook example of how technical, constitutional and economic restrictions, powerful interest groups and path dependence constrain democratic responsiveness. This paper uses what might seem to be an unlikely case in order to question explanations of policy choices in terms of technocracy, path dependence and interest groups against the background of an under-estimated factor: party and coalition strategies. The original data collected on public attitudes towards nuclear energy and the attention dedicated to this issue in the media, as well as in the parliamentary and electoral arenas, show that the effect of public opinion is conditioned by party incentives to politicise the issue at stake. In other words, parties and coalition-making constraints act as a mediating variable between citizens' preferences and policy choices. These findings point to the need to integrate this conditional variable into analyses of responsiveness and models of policymaking.


This paper proposes a novel phononic crystal sandwich beam (PCSB) for low-frequency and broadband vibration suppression. The representative volume element (RVE) consists of two hourglass truss unit cells with the same span but different rod radii. After validating the modelling method, a model of the PCSB is established to calculate band structure and transmittance response, and the results show good agreement. It is found the PCSB can open wider and lower band gaps compared to a traditional sandwich beam (TSB). The band-folding mechanism is applied. The PCSB breaks the spatial symmetry, becomes diatomic, and opens the folding points, finally leading to two band-folding-induced gaps. The experiment is conducted on the PCSB, and the vibration band gap property is confirmed. Subsequently, the impacts of geometric parameters on the PCSB's band gaps are investigated in detail. Design guidelines for tuning the geometric parameters towards lower frequency and broadband band gap are provided based on the parametric study results. In addition, the higher-order band-folding strategy is proposed. It is shown that a multi-folding PCSB can produce more band gaps. However, through two examples, i.e., second-folding and third-folding PCSBs, it is known that simply increasing the folding order may not be effective and even could deteriorate the vibration attenuation ability. In summary, this work explores a general strategy for designing sandwich beams with low-frequency and broadband vibration suppression ability.


Future wireless systems enable content communication to be offloaded towards the network edges instead of allocating in centralized cloud. In this paper, we investigate the incentives in edge caching networks via tools from game theory by considering heterogeneous edge systems and various caching behaviors. Particularly, we analyze the competitive and cooperative interactions of multiple stakeholders involved in caching systems with the limits of caching capacity and backhaul resources. The participants in the wireless caching network are modeled as rational players due to their selfish nature. The roles of these players in various caching scenarios are thoroughly discussed from the business point of view including their strategies and utilities. The appropriate game models to study the different players are proposed with the solution concepts and algorithms. Given the existing literature, we investigate the potential research challenges concerning wireless edge caching and game models to solve them. A case study is examined showing the effectiveness of applying game theory into wireless cache-enabled networks. The numerical simulations illustrate that our proposed game models result in the win-win solution.


Abstract Conclusions: Chronic rhinosinusitis diagnosed according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012, not by computed tomography alone, is one of the prognostic factors affecting long-term survival in patients with lung transplantation. Endoscopic sinus surgery might play a beneficial role in the management of lung transplantation recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Objective: To show the effect of paranasal sinus infection on post-lung transplantation survival. Method: Lung transplantation recipients were included in this study. Computed tomography was performed before and after lung transplantation. The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was evaluated by Lund–Mackay scoring system. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: One hundred and forty-eight patients received lung transplantation for various indications. Chronic rhinosinusitis was found in 18.9% (28/148) of the lung transplantation recipients. Of 28 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, seven patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery due to persistent post-nasal drip. The recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis who did not receive endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 21) showed a significantly lower survival rate as compared to the patients without chronic rhinosinusitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between the recipients with (n = 50) and without (n = 98) paranasal sinus abnormality on computed tomography.


We present a multi-view structured-light system which uses geometric and photometric information observed at multiple viewpoints. In our method, a highly accurate geometry reconstruction is achieved by exploiting our multi-view constraint on unwrapped phase images instead of using photo-consistency between intensity images. Also to express fine 3D information, we directly use photometric normal to infer non-linear shape between each point spacing, rather than fusing it by refining the geometry. Our system is built upon the off-the-shelf structured-light system, so that the proposed algorithm can be applied to existing systems including commercial 3D scanners to improve the accuracy without any system modification. We evaluate the performance of our method on both synthetic and real data, and demonstrate superior accuracy, which surpasses the accuracy of the state-of-the-art commercial products.


The personal dimension of the divine creation, the creation of a human being as the image of God and its consequences, particularly the constitution of mankind as 'lord' of the rest of creation with the duty of manifesting Love in this lordship, and finally the total inclusion of the material dimension of creation in the original divine design, can be seen as the main points to consider to establish biblical guidelines for a water-related technoethics. The relevance of these aspects in the modern and postmodern paradigms is discussed, pointing to the causes of the negative modern crisis, and proposing an integration between the concepts of natural, cultural and artificial ('artificial water') in order to improve the use of water as a common good for the whole of humanity.


Tourism is one of the most preferred and well-accepted ways of spending leisure time. The natural urge and appetite of every human being for gaining new experiences and eagerness to get entertained and educated are the main drivers of tourism. Tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world which is directly concerned with generating services, products, employment, and investments. Being a service-based and relationship rich industry, the competitiveness of tourism industry is largely determined by its human resource which is regarded as the most vital asset and the chief source of sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, the present study intends to summarize the role and significance of human resources in the tourism industry with special reference to Jammu and Kashmir primarily through the use of secondary data. The study established that there exists a positive and coherent association between human resources and the development of the tourism industry. It is such a resource of the tourism industry that appreciates and advances with time and supports the organization in crafting and executing its policies and strategies. It also play a very crucial role in the promotion, growth and sustainable development of the industry. The study is believed to serve as a valuable tool for researchers to understand the importance of human resources in tourism and take this research area forward. It is equally important for the tourism administration and policymakers to formulate strategies for professional management and development of human resources. Moreover, the study makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the area of tourism management.


In this study the vibration properties of a deforming test object are presented. The test object is bump shaped and is integrated into the wall of a transonic wind tunnel. The purpose for using such a test object is to study, in a generic manner, the unsteady aerodynamic phenomena occurring due to the presence of a vibrating structure in the flow. The setup is part of an ongoing study to address the phenomena of fluid-structure interaction and shock-boundary layer interaction. The design objective for the test object is to assimilate a 1F vibration mode at a given section of a typical compressor blade. Finite element (FE) analyses have been used to predict the frequency response of the test object prior to manufacturing. The design objectives have been verified experimentally by time-resolved laser measurements. It has been found that the FE predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore it has been shown that the present test object allows for the achievement of the targeted vibration properties up to a frequency of 250Hz, corresponding to a reduced frequency above 0.8.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


This study was about secondary school teachers' participation in school's decision-making in Kuching Division. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of secondary school teachers' actual and desired participation in school's decision-making. Besides that, it is also to examine the patterns of actual and desired participation exist for secondary school teachers according to their years of working experience, gender and position in school. There were five categories of decisional situations namely curriculum and instruction, student-related issues, managing colleagues, school policy and school fond. This research was conducted
using a survey method. The questionnaire was used to obtain responses from 120 teachers from four schools selected in Kuching Division. The data was analyzed using statistical
package, the SPSS version 16.0 and responses were reported by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results of the study revealed that the secondary school teachers
did not show high level of participation in school's decision-making. The secondary school teachers' desired participation was found higher which exceeded their level of actual participation in the five categories of decisional situations. Besides that, results also showed that teachers with more than 10 years have the highest actual participation in most of the 25 decisional situations. Female teachers were more likely to be involved in the classroom
management issues while male teachers showed interest to participate in deciding the managerial domain. Based on the findings in the study, secondary school teachers have shown their readiness to participate and involved in school's decision-making. Some recommendations for practice were put forward for consideration by the Ministry of Education.


Background: Marital satisfaction has been defined as an individual's attitudes toward their spouse, and the spouses' relations. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy makes possible the relation among temper, thoughts and feelings at "the present moment". By changing and practicing on thinking, we hope through this method that spouses' relations will improve, and the factors leading to conflicts will be prevented. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on marital satisfaction. Methods: This research is a type of semi-experiment, pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical society includes all women involved in marital conflict who were referred to the psychological consulting clinics in Kerman. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women in the experiment group and the control group. For collecting information, the ENRICH questionnaire on marital satisfaction was used. Covariance analysis was used to compare the subjects' scores in both groups. Results: Teaching mindfulness in the level P<0.05 led to increased total marital satisfaction and contentment, relations and conflict resolution, and a decreased women idealistic distortion component. Conclusions: Mindfulness conducts the individuals to attain increasing awareness, and changes their relations with thoughts and feelings. Spouses can experience more marital satisfaction through mastering these skills to find solutions to the problems.


Objective
Construct and evaluate the care cascade for pulmonary tuberculosis in the indigenous population of the department of Cauca (Colombia) and identify existing gaps.

Methods
Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. In the first phase, the pulmonary tuberculosis care cascade for the indigenous population of Cauca was evaluated. Data were obtained from secondary sources and all cases diagnosed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 were included. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were done with nine program coordinators and 11 nursing auxiliaries to explain identified gaps. Absolute and percentage values were estimated for each of the steps and gaps in the care cascade. Quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated.

Results
In 2016 and 2017, an estimated 202 patients with respiratory symptoms were expected to be positive and 106 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported among the indigenous population of the department of Cauca. A gap of 47.5% was found for diagnosis, since only 52.5% of subjects were diagnosed in health services. This gap was explained by poor quality of samples and flawed smear techniques; flaws in correct identification of patients with respiratory symptoms; limited access to diagnostic methods, such as culture and molecular tests; and limited training and high turnover of personnel in health service provider institutions.

Conclusions
The tuberculosis control program should focus actions on bridging the gap in case detection in the indigenous population.


The aim of present investigation was to characterize carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CMTG) based interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of aceclofenac for site specific sustained delivery. The drug loaded IPNs were prepared by using chitosan and CMTG as polymers and gluteraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The IPNs were characterized by Attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and solid state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The prepared IPNs were evaluated for the drug entrapment efficiency and equilibrium swelling. The drug release from IPNs was studied in 0.1NHCl for 2h followed by phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for further 10h and compared with commercial tablet. The results of ATR-FTIR and thermal analysis for blank IPNs indicated intercalation of polymeric chains of crosslinked CMTG and chitosan. The results of solid state characterization revealed that the aceclofenac is compatible with IPNs. Entrapment efficiency of IPNs was found to be increased with increase in crosslinker concentration as well as amount of CMTG. The equilibrium swelling study indicated pH dependent swelling of IPNs. The drug release by IPNs showed sustained release of aceclofenac upto 12h while commercial formulation showed fast release within 8h. From the results, it can be concluded that the IPNs of CMTG and chitosan has potential in development of site specific sustained drug delivery.


Africa is by far the least developed continent in terms of protection of personal data. At present there are 11 countries out of 54 which have implemented comprehensive data privacy legislation. Nine of them namely, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gabon, Ghana, Mauritius, Senegal and Seychelles belong to sub-Saharan Africa. The other two countries, Morocco and Tunisia, belong to North Africa. Yet, there are seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa with either Bills or drafts on data privacy pending before their respective legislative or executive bodies. These include Ivory Coast (Cote d Ivoire), Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and South Africa. The rest of African countries have neither Bills nor drafts of such laws. The dominant discourse on privacy and data protection advances the culture of collectivism as the reason for the state of privacy and regulation in Africa. Founded on the normative assumptions of the old debates engraved in universalism and cultural relativism, the main argument held in this discourse is that Africa s collectivism denies an individual a space to advance claims for privacy. The present study sought to interrogate this dominant discourse and in particular investigating the emerging trends of adopting comprehensive data privacy legislation in Africa. To avert from the inherent pitfalls of normative assumptions, this study engaged a hybrid methodology. It triangulated the doctrinal, empirical and international comparative law methodologies. Moreover, in order to gain in-depth insights of the state of privacy, the study delimited to three sub-Saharan African countries: Mauritius, South Africa and Tanzania as cases. Based on documents collected and interviews held, this study has found that although collectivist culture is an important factor in explaining the limited state of privacy in Africa, it is not a catch-all phenomenon. Instead, technological, economic, political and social processes have significantly affected privacy consciousness and consequently the systems of privacy and data protection in the continent


Research summary: I examine how acquisition motives relate to the distribution of post-acquisition performance. I argue that acquisitions motivated by operating synergies have the potential to experience greater gains than acquisitions driven by financial synergies but are harder to value and implement, making them more uncertain. Using SEC filings, conference calls and press releases to capture acquisition motives, I find that acquirers pursuing operating synergies are more likely to experience highly positive and highly negative long-term returns than acquirers pursuing financial synergies. I also find that acquisition experience and geographic proximity to targets soften acquirers' extreme downside outcomes in operating synergy acquisitions. My theory and results suggest that approaches that emphasize average outcomes for acquirers and use industry classifications to capture acquisition motives may be incomplete.

Managerial summary: Managers engage in acquisitions for various reasons. In this study, I find that reasons related to operating synergies (e.g., revenue growth through new product offerings or cost savings through economies of scale) are more likely to result in extreme high and low performance outcomes for the acquiring firm compared to reasons related to financial synergies (e.g., diversification of cash flow streams). In addition, I find that the acquirer's prior acquisition experience and the geographic proximity between the target and acquirer help soften the extreme low performance outcomes related to operating synergies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The relationship between socio-emotional intelligence and one-to-one Learning Development (LD) support offered to HE students is relatively under-explored. Socio-emotional attributes are often difficult to achieve solely within the classroom environment, although we know that engaging students in becoming more confident, resilient and self-aware can reduce their likelihood of withdrawal from their studies and improve personal achievement and success. This study explored whether the support provided during one-to-one LD tutorials enhances areas of students' socio-emotional intelligence and, in turn, positively impacts on their overall academic and personal development. Through a focus group with students and analysing feedback given by students from one UK university in the south of England, the experiences and benefits of receiving faculty-based LD support were explored. The findings suggest that students accessing this type of support further develop aspects of socio-emotional intelligence. This assists students in their transition into and through Higher Education, can reduce withdrawal rates and significantly enhances the individual student's learning experience. We argue that supporting students in developing areas of socio-emotional intelligence such as motivation, self-awareness and confidence as part of the LD provision, empowers them to successfully complete their learning journey and benefit from the wider student experience.


The separation of magnetic nanoparticles from a stable dispersion is a challenging task because of the nanoparticles' thermal motion and relatively small magnetic moments. Strong magnetic gradients are required to capture such particles, which can be achieved in a high-gradient magnetic separator. In this work, several facets of this separation process are studied by simulation and experiment. Our method uses a fibrous porous separation matrix comprising magnetisable metallic fibres acting as a magnetic filter. Once the medium is magnetized externally, a nanoparticle dispersion is passed through. The external field induces strong local magnetic field gradients around the fibres, attracting passing nanoparticles and capturing them. Upon removal of the external field, the matrix demagnetizes and the captured particles are released. The fundamental aspects of the capture process are investigated by means of Brownian dynamics simulations, where we investigate the capture of differently sized nanoparticles by a single cylindrical fibre. To calculate the magnetic forces accurately, an exact mathematical expression for the magnetic field of the cylinder is derived. Particle capture appears most effective for fibres oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field, and for particles with a diameter larger than 50 nm. As expected, smaller particles are more difficult to capture, but at higher concentrations the nanoparticles form chains, enhancing capture. Additional to the simulations, a separation setup is constructed for exploratory experiments. Initial results show that nanoparticles of around 10 nm in size can be captured almost completely, contrary to the simulation results. A fraction of the particles remains irreversibly attached to the fibres, which makes reusing the nanoparticles difficult, for example in a catalytic process. The structure of the fibrous porous medium is investigated by simulation of random dense packings of spherocylinder particles in the confinement of a bounding cylinder. A modified version of the mechanical contraction method is used, and a virtual particle method is developed to account for hard boundaries. A relationship between the aspect ratio of the spherocylinders, the packing density and the diameter of the bounding cylinder is determined. We find that the presence of a cylindrical boundary only causes strong particle alignment for very narrow cylinders. Furthermore we revise and extend the mechanical contraction method addressing some theoretical difficulties with the original method and implementing the simulation of superquadric particles--versatile objects that can take on the shape of spheres, ellipsoids, disks and (rounded) cuboids. This generalization allows for future investigation of yet unexplored particle shapes. Finally, a chemical synthesis route is described to prepare stable aqueous dispersions of sub-micron sized composite colloidal particles based on the protein zein. Via a simple and general heterocoagulation method, spherical zein particles are loaded with different negatively charged nanoparticles. By using superparamagnetic magnetite particles, magnetically susceptible composite particles are formed. We modify these particles by coating them with a thin layer of silica, creating possibilities for further modification to highly specific magnetic carrier particles.


Modulation of pH within the host during infection of almond by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum was studied using confocal scanning laser microscopy and the dual emission fluorescence indicator SNARF-1. This highly sensitive method allowed visualization of the spatial distribution of localized pathogen-induced pH modulation within and in proximity to fungal infection structures in host tissue at the cellular level. Ratiometric measurement of fluorescence at two emission wavelengths and in situ calibration allowed the quantification of pH ranges. After incubation of leaf epidermal tissue with SNARF-1, distinct alkaline (pH 8 to > or =9), red-spectrum (650 nm wave length) fluorescent zones developed as partial or complete halos around many fungal appressoria and in infection vesicles at 24 to 36 h after inoculation. In samples taken after 48 to 72 h, colonizing hyphae in the biotrophic phase and subsequently in the necrotrophic phase were also emitting the red fluorescence that extended into the surrounding host tissue, as also verified by depth analyses. Host epidermal cells were intact and apparently alive during the fungal alkalization process, with no visible disruption of cell structure. Generally, the pH of epidermal cells in noninoculated samples or in areas away from the infection in inoculated samples was lower than pH 7 with green (i.e., 500 to 550 nm wave length) fluorescence detected. Using standard electrodes, a significant increase in pH and ammonia concentration in leaf and fruit tissue was also measured but only at advanced stages of disease. In contrast, hyphae of the pathogen Alternaria alternata were mostly acidic and no change in fluorescence was found inside invaded host cells. The sequence of events in the C. acutatum-almond interaction includes penetration, production of ammonia by C. acutatum, and subsequent pH modulation within almond epidermal tissue to an alkaline environment that leads to further colonization of the host.


Previous studies in fire visualization have required high end computer hardware and specialized technical skills. This study demonstrated fire visualization is possible using Visual Nature Studio and standard computer hardware. Elevation and vegetation data were used to create a representation of the New Jersey pine barren environment and a forest compartment within Hobcaw Barony. Photographic images were edited to use as image object models for forest vegetation. The FARSITE fire behavioral model was used to model a fire typical of that area. Output from FARSITE was used to visualize the fire with tree models edited to simulate burning and flame models. Both static and animated views of the fire spread and effects were visualized. The two visualization methods were compared for advantages and disadvantages. VNS visualizations were more realistic, including many effects such as ground textures, lighting, user made models, and atmospheric effects. However the program had higher hardware requirements and sometimes rendered images slowly. ArcScene had lower hardware requirements and produced visualizations with real time movement. The resulting images lacked many of the effects found in VNS and were more simplistic looking.


The decline in the sub-prime market in the United States of America in 2007 - 2008 and the corresponding decline in the market values of other financial investments has had a significant financial impact on many of the individuals and organisations who participated in aggressively promoted investment schemes. The New South Wales (NSW) Local Government Councils was one such group of organisations impacted by the decline in value of these types of investments. At the end of the 2006-2007 financial year local councils in New South Wales had invested $590 million dollars in structured financial products such as collateralised debt obligations (CDO). By the end of January 2008, six months later, the market value of these investments dropped $200 million (34%) to $390 million. In response to the decreasing value of the local council investments the NSW State Government commissioned a review of the financial exposures of NSW local councils in structured financial products. The review found that while acting within the parameters of the Local Government Act (1993), local councils had pursued high return high risk investment strategies. This paper reviews and evaluates financial investment exposures of the local councils in NSW and the resulting mix (unqualified/qualified) independent audit opinions issued on their general purpose financial reports. This paper will contribute to the literature on the wide spread impact of the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the quality of Local Government council financial report audits.


Given the widespread use of the term globalization, it is surprising how little we know about it. In most cases, it is asserted but never defined. Those who do describe it characterize it as a continuous increase of cross-border financial and economic activities leading to greater economic interdependence. Essentially, interdependence and globalization are used interchangeably. This creates a paradox: the same term that is understood as a mere quantitative rise in a trend going back to the 1960s is also used to refer to a fundamental qualitative change in the international system, predicting perhaps the end of the nation-state. If the former is true, there is little need for governments to reassess their role, or that of the institutions and principles that have governed the world economy since the end of World War II, in view of globalization. If the latter holds, it becomes necessary to draw a distinction between economic interdependence and globalization, a distinction that provides a basis for reassessing the role of government and governance in an emerging global economy. Unlike interdependence, which narrowed the distance between sov ereign states and caused closer macroeconomic cooperation, globalization is a microeconomic phenomenon. Globalization represents the integra tion of a cross-national dimension into the very nature of the organiza tional structure and strategic behavior of individual companies. The cross-border movement of intangible capital, such as finance, technology, and information, allows companies to enhance their competitiveness.


This study examined how 130 participants enrolled in the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) principalship program completed a standards-based evaluation after reading a book-length case study of a mythical principal. Application of the Iowa Standards for School Leaders (ISSL), which mirror the Interstate School Leadership Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) and Educational Leadership Constituency Council (ELCC) standards reveal widespread agreement on the principal's performance related to vision, instruction, management, collaboration and politics. However, participants were distinctly split as to the mythical principal's ethics. The authors discuss potential responses to literature that identify many programs as weak and inadequate by providing more authentic and rigorous experiences around ethics and other practical issues for preservice principals.


Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is commonly being used in solar-photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems to maximise solar energy extraction. In this paper it is proposed to operate the solar-PV system at the suboptimal MPPT to manage power balance in a remote area power supply (RAPS) system. This is performed based on three different operating modes: 1) Frequency control mode; 2) Active power control mode; 3) MPPT control mode. The operating modes are decided based on the load level and the operating mode of the diesel generator (i.e. synchronous condenser mode or generator mode). This power management strategy balances the generation and load demand that requires transition between the three operating modes without using the dummy load. The proposed strategy is capable of extending the diesel generator life time and improves the operating efficiency of the diesel generator. Simulation studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the suboptimal MPPT control strategy in a PV-Diesel RAPS system, and have shown that the proposed strategy can seamlessly maintain power balance in the RAPS system while maintaining the voltage and frequency within stipulated limits. Substantial cost savings can also be achieved in long run due to the life time extension and efficiency improvement of the diesel generator.


Purpose: The aim of this article is, firstly, to explore and structure the emerging research on collaboration in social entrepreneurship, and secondly to tackle the identified gaps in the literature with a research agenda based on the communities and networks of practice theory. Methodology: The article relies on a systematic literature review, which summarizes the existing evidence base and critically evaluates major theoretical approaches. The analytical focus is on ambiguity and scales of collaboration. Findings: Three main research strands have been identified: first, community and public sector collaboration focusing on the participatory initiation of services by local communities; second, collaboration for resources and employment focusing on power relations between established organizations; and third, network- and micro-level collaboration focusing on collaborative governance of complex networks. A vaguely contextualized and non-critical approach to social entrepreneurship remains prominent; however, recent studies on community and network collaboration present nuanced approaches to scalarity and ambiguity. Implications for theory and practice: Existing research could benefit from explicit and broader theorization of collaboration, the analysis of ambiguous experiences and contexts and attending to the interplay between daily practices and larger-scale institutional change. The paper presents a compiled reference base and gives directions about future research and practice re-thinking social enterprise as a collaborative endeavor. Originality and value: The article contributes to social entrepreneurship studies by structuring the field and enhancing critical theory on the topic.


Abstract This article concerns generation and food morality, drawing on video recordings of dinners in Swedish middle-class families. A detailed analysis of affect displays during one family dinner extends prior work on food morality (Ochs, Pontecorvo, & Fasulo 1996; Grieshaber 1997; Bourdieu 2003; Wiggins 2004), documenting ways in which participants may shift between distinct generational positions with respect to affects and food morality (from "irresponsible child" to caretaker positions). In our recordings, an elder sibling is shifting between a series of contrasting affective stances (Ochs & Schieffelin 1989; M. Goodwin 2006; Stivers 2008), linked to generational positions along an implicit age continuum: positioning himself, at one end of the continuum, as his young brother's accomplice, and at the other as an adult, a serious guardian of food morality. This study shows that generational positions are not fixed, but are positions adopted as parts of language socialization and interactional events. (Generational positions, caretaker positions, social age, affective stances, alignments, negotiations, food morality, language socialization, family life, dinnertime)*


Clone detection is gaining more attention due to its advantages of software maintenance. Clone detection helps in code optimization (code present in multiple locations can be updated and optimized once), bug detection (discovering bugs that are copied to multiple locations in the code), and analysis of re-used code in software systems. Importantly, model-based software development is gaining more popularity due to its reduced production time and cost. There are several approaches to detect clones in the code level, but few methods to detect clones at the model level. These methods use syntactic based analysis of models to detect clones at the model level. In this paper, we present a novel approach to detect clones at model-based levels using semantic based analysis. Our method is based on model checking which involves mathematical based analysis. Our method is tested with control flow based models and yields good results in detection of model clones.


In this work, the comparison between the values of bearing capacity of soil determined by two different methods, the first method is field plate load test and the second method is several laboratory tests. The study find out that the allowable bearing capacity estimated from the first method widely near from its value computed by second method. Also this study confirm the probability of using Plate load test for estimating soil bearing capacity for small jobs and shallow layer depth to avoid using comprehensive soil investigation and economizing both cost and time. Empirical relation ship for bearing capacity estimation achieved from the results of the two methods by using stiff brown silty clay soil at Erbil governorate - north of Iraq.


Removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using Spirulina biomass was studied in a batch experiment. Spirulina biomass was characterised before and after Cr(III) sorption using FTIR, SEM and potentiometric titration. The effects of experimental parameters such as solution pH, contact time, biomass dose, initial Cr(III) concentration and temperature were studied. pH had significant influence on Cr(III) uptake capacity of biomass. The optimum equilibrium solution pH was found as 6.2. Biosorption efficiency decreased at higher temperature. A simple proton binding model was investigated for the quantitative determination of acid–base characteristics of Spirulina. The dissociation constants (pKa) of 1.19, 2.87 and 8.07 mol L−1 were estimated, which correspond to carboxylic, phosphatic and amine groups, respectively. A modified metal binding model was then tested, and Cr(III) binding constants (Kθ) of 80.9, 3.9 × 103 and 3.5 × 104 L mol−1 were found for carboxylic, phosphatic and amine groups, respectively.


This chapter first highlights the significant energy consumption of existing wired communication networks. It considers various means of operating such networks more efficiently. Then, the chapter examines the components that make up a wired communications network and their differing characteristics between the access and core, as well as patterns of traffic behavior. The chapter focuses on static (network planning) and dynamic (traffic-engineering) schemes that can be used to reduce the energy consumption of networks. It also pays attention to a number of challenges/open research questions that need to be resolved before the implementation of such schemes. These include issues with migration and resilience. The chapter then deals with economic-, regulatory-, and business-related methods. Finally, it focuses on the architecture of communication networks and the corresponding relationship with energy usage.


Abstract : Organizations that adopt a software product line strategy often have business goals that concern improving their ability to produce products by lowering product development costs, reducing the time to bring a product to market, or through other production improvements. Business goals such as these make automated product derivation an appealing strategy to a software product line organization. Automating production requires up-front investment, including the creation of both the core assets that will be assembled as products and the core assets that will perform the assembly. A software product line provides the ability to amortize the cost of the infrastructure over a set of products. This report views the process for automating the production of products in the context of a product production system. The process begins with the decision to automate, proceeds to the selection of the automation approach, and continues with the operation and management of the automated production capability. The process is illustrated by a case study automating the production process in the Carnegie Mellon (trademark) Software Engineering Institute's pedagogical product line.


We report studies on the Frank elastic constant behaviour of a liquid crystal gel system exhibiting the twist bend nematic (Ntb) phase. Physical gelation is observed to ease the splay and stabilize the twist deformations in the nematic phase preceding the Ntb. More importantly, the ultra-low bend elastic constant (K33) of the system is enhanced by an order of magnitude on gelation. The magnitude of K33 remains high even in the vicinity of the Ntb phase, which otherwise is susceptible to bend deformations. This phenomenon is explained from the point of view of polar interactions in the Ntb system. XRD and dynamic rheology along with the elastic constant data validate this argument. Another salient feature of the system is that gel fibers grown in the direction orthogonal to the helical axis vanish in the Ntb phase as observed from polarizing optical microscopy. A possible reason for this is discussed on the basis of ordering developed in the surrounding medium. This feature gives the possibility of using the Ntb phase as a tool to imprint directional microstructures with a gel network.


As a result of changing conditions in the world market and increasing global competition, trade and integration arrangements have become a part of economic and development strategies of countries. Bilateral economic partnerships or Free Trade Agreements are seen as an option in creating a stable economy and in creating an environment attractive for investment. However, while there are benefits to gain from an FTA, it should be recognized that FTAs are not a panacea to cure the sluggish economy. It is a strategy that should be carefully crafted, negotiated and implemented. It comes with both benefits and costs. The question then is how to make an FTA work for the country. This paper integrates the findings of the studies which explore the various issues concerning the potential Free Trade Agreement between the Philippines and the United States. It examines the gains, the challenges as well as the opportunities for the Philippines in entering into a bilateral economic partnership with the United States.


The battle between viruses and their host is armed by cellular defences, often referred to as restriction factors, on one side, and by the counteracting measures expressed by viral genomes, on the other side. The presence of cell-derived barriers which interfere with virus replication was first revealed for retroviruses in the 70s. Since the description of FV1 (1), a cytoplasmic murine factor inhibiting MLV replication, several blocks that impair replication of viruses on the cell surface, in the cytoplasm, and in the nucleus have later been discovered. The latest addition to the list is SERINC5, a cellular protein which was recently found to block retrovirus delivery into target cells (2,3).


To optimize the efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) drought breeding, the ability to predict testcross performance (TP) under drought stress using line per se performance (LP) of the parental inbreds would be useful. We evaluated LP and TP of tropical inbreds in well-watered and drought environments in Kenya and Mexico. Our main objective was to determine if LP under drought stress was predictive of TP for grain yield under drought stress and if selection for LP under drought stress would result in reduced yield potential for TP under well-watered conditions. Average yield reduction under drought stress was 77% for lines and 68% for testcrosses. Average genotypic correlations between lines and testcrosses under drought stress were positive and low (genotypic correlation = 0.48), but correlations increased with increasing levels of drought stress in both LP and TP trials. Averaged over all sets, indirect selection for LP was predicted to be only 57% as effective as direct selection for TP under drought stress but was on average substantially higher in testcross sets where yield reduction due to drought was 70% or more. Therefore, LP under drought stress could be used to develop hybrids for severely drought-prone environments. Moreover, LP under drought stress was uncorrelated with TP for grain yield under well-watered conditions, showing that selection of lines per se for drought tolerance would likely not reduce yield potential of testcrosses.


Porphyromonas gingivalis, an obligately anaerobic bacterium, is implicated as a major pathogen in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. Although expression of several virulence factors of the bacterium has been found to be affected by environmental stress such as entrance into the stationary growth phase and heat, there is relatively little information on the mechanisms that may operate in the bacterium in response to environmental stress. In this study, a novel protein (UstA) was investigated that was initially identified following two-dimensional gel analysis. Expression of UstA was upregulated in stationary phase or by exposure to atmospheric oxygen. N-terminal sequencing and database analysis with the P. gingivalis genome sequence revealed that the UstA-encoding gene (ustA) was located upstream of a homologue of the usp gene encoding the universal stress protein on the chromosome. The ustA gene appeared to be transcribed in a monocistronic fashion, as revealed by primer extension and Northern blot analysis. To elucidate the role of UstA in the bacterium, chromosomal mutants carrying a disruption of the ustA gene were constructed. The ustA mutant grew slower than the wild-type parent strain in rich medium, resulting in a lower yield in stationary phase. Furthermore, in this mutant, expression levels of the P. gingivalis homologues of superoxide dismutase, thiol peroxidase and thioredoxin were markedly higher than those in the wild-type, especially in stationary phase. The ustA mutant was more resistant to diamide, a thiol-specific oxidant, than the wild-type. In addition, the ustA mutation suppressed hypersensitivities of the oxyR mutant to diamide, metronidazole and mitomycin C. These results suggest that UstA may play a significant role in oxidative stress responses in the bacterium.


Although remarkable progress on the neural table-to-text methods has been made, the generalization issues hinder the applicability of these models due to the limited source tables. Large-scale pretrained language models sound like a promising solution to tackle such issues. However, how to effectively bridge the gap between the structured table and the text input by fully leveraging table information to fuel the pretrained model is still not well explored. Besides, another challenge of integrating the deliberation mechanism into the text-to-text pretrained model for solving the table-to-text task remains seldom studied. In this paper, to implement the table-to-text generation with pretrained language model, we propose a table structure understanding and text deliberating approach, namely TASD. To be specific, we devise a three-layered multi-head attention network to realize the table-structureaware text generation model with the help of the pretrained language model. Furthermore, a multi-pass decoder framework is adopted to enhance the capability of polishing generated text for table descriptions. The empirical studies, as well as human evaluation, on two public datasets, validate that our approach can generate faithful and fluent descriptive texts for different types of tables.


Dynamic properties of Josephson junctions are interesting due to the emission of high
frequency radiation (up to THz range) from Josephson junctions, closely related to fluxon
dynamics. A better understanding of this dynamics can help to improve the Josephson devices
used for applications. Josephson junctions can also be of great use as T-shaped multiple
Josephson junctions in Josephson electronic circuits. In general, T-junctions consist of two
attached Josephson transmission lines: a main Josephson transmission line (MJTL) along the
 -axis, and an additional Josephson transmission line (AJTL) along the -axis. These
junctions can use to create fluxons (solitons) in junctions without applied magnetic field,
(called flux cloning phenomenon). This work is devoted to contributing to a clarification of
the dynamic behaviour of solitons (fluxons) in 2D extended conventional T-shaped Josephson
junctions (extended means an AJTL is larger than MJTL). A conventional T-junction is a
MJTL along the x-axis which divides into two Josephson transmission lines along the x- and y-axes. In addition, we also attempt to elucidate further the concept of flux cloning in rotated
T-junctions, which are 90 degrees anticlockwise rotation of conventional T-junction. In rotated Tjunction,
a MJTL along the x-axis divide into two Josephson transmission lines along the y-axis. We find the first evidence of moving semifluxon and observe for the first time new
phenomena of semifluxons and anti-semifluxons in both extended conventional and rotated T-junctions.
We numerically study the electrodynamics behaviour of solitons in the standard Tshaped
Josephson junction (conventional T-junction) in a magnetic field. Therefore, we
describe theoretically how flux cloning circuits exist and give an opportunity for use as flux
flow oscillators operating without applied magnetic field. The results that emerge give further
support to the flux cloning mechanism.


This paper presents an image processing application focused on robotic computer vision. The co- design is divided into three main parts: a hardware accelerator, a PCIe® based framework for HW/SW link, and application software. The implemented accelerator performs preprocessing for facial recognition in order to reduce the workload in the main system processor. The hardware layer is implemented in Altera FPGAs, while the project software layer provides a device driver for Linux to link the user application with the coprocessor. The user application controls the data transfer between the operating system and the device driver. The platform allows rapid prototyping of accelerators, taking advantage of the duality of a programmable hardware and a general purpose processor connected through a PCIe® link. The proposed architecture enables co- design of various image processing algorithms. In this case, the results of the design of an accelerator that performs histogram equalization for contrast correction of color images are presented.


Abstract The challenge of contemporary South Africa is that of building a (post)nation of postracial equity in a fragmented world of a globalized ethical, economic and ecological meltdown. In this paper, we seek to explore the idea of multilingualism as a technology in the conceptualization of alternative, competing futures. We suggest that multilingualism is understood in terms of how encounters across difference are mediated and structured linguistically offer a space for interrupting colonial relationships. Furthermore, we argue that multilingualism should be approached as a site where colonial power dynamics of languages and speakers are troubled, and where the potential for new empowering linguistic mediations of the mutualities of our common humanity with different others are worked out.


New developments in bio- and nanotechnologies and also in information and communication technologies have shaped the research environment in the last decade. Increasingly, highly educated experts in R&D departments are collaborating with scientists and researchers at universities and research institutes to develop new technologies. Transnational companies that have acquired various firms in different countries need to manage diverse R&D strategies and cultures. The new knowledge-based economy permeates across companies, universities, research institutes and countries, creating a cross-disciplinary, global environment. Clearly, managing technology in this new climate presents significant challenges. This book comprises selected papers from the 14th International Conference on Management of Technology, which was convened under the auspices of IAMOT and UNIDO on 22-26 May 2005 in Vienna, Austria. It deals with some important aspects of these challenges, and discusses in detail the changing dynamics of innovation and technology management. It will certainly appeal to academics, scientists, managers, and policy makers alike.


Across the globe, native savannas and woodlands are undergoing conversion to exotic grasslands. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the ecohydrological consequences of this conversion for the cold deserts (Great Basin, Colorado Plateau) and the warm deserts (Mojave, Sonoran, Chihuahuan) of North America. Our analysis is based on a synthesis of relevant literature, complemented by simulation modelling with a one‐dimensional, soil water redistribution model (HYDRUS‐1D) and a hillslope runoff and erosion model (MAHLERAN). When shrublands are invaded by grasses, many changes take place: rooting depths, canopy cover, species heterogeneity, water use, and fire regimes are radically altered. These changes then have the potential to alter key ecohydrological processes. With respect to the processes of runoff and erosion, we find that grass invasion influences cold and warm deserts in different ways. In cold deserts, runoff and erosion will increase following invasion; in particular, erosion on steep slopes (>15%) will be greatly accelerated following burning. In addition, evapotranspiration (ET) will be lower and soil water recharge will be higher—which after several decades could affect groundwater levels. For warm deserts, grass invasion may actually reduce runoff and erosion (except for periods immediately following fire), and is likely to have little effect on either ET fluxes or soil water. Significant gaps in our knowledge do remain, primarily because there have been no comprehensive studies measuring all components of the water and energy budgets at multiple scales. How these changes may affect regional energy budgets, and thus weather patterns, is not yet well understood. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract

This thesis examines a selection of original SF or SF-inflected texts written in Arabic from the 1960s to the present day. It is a thematic study, considering their presentation of and attitudes to science and technology, utopias and ideal societies and religion.

Although some critics attempt to figure SF as a continuation of the Thousand and One Nights fantastical tradition and the mirabile literature of the Middle Ages, Arabic science fiction, as an essentially modern genre, traces its earliest origins to the late 1950s in Egypt. It has experienced several sudden efflorescences during the following decades in the texts of a handful of authors, most of whom are Egyptian. In the past ten years, following a 2006 seminal essay by Iraqi-German engineer and SF critic Achmed Khammas on "The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of 'Futureness'", media and academic interest in Arabic science fiction has burgeoned, with both established (Ahmed Khalid Towfik) and new (Noura Noman) authors publishing in the genre in the past five years.

In light of the relative lack of criticism of the Arabic corpus, this thesis seeks to begin the project of conducting a full critical study through a reading of selected texts from the 1960s to the present day, the majority of which have not previously been translated into English. The approach taken is broadly sociological, examining the texts in the light of three themes outlined above – science, ideal societies and the treatment of religion - that frequently frame SF criticism in English.


This article argues that the question of what actionable knowledge is, can hardly be answered appropriately either by solely theoretical argumentation or by solely practical demonstration. It is in the very interplay between theory and practice that knowledge can prove to be actionable. Thus it becomes crucial to come to an adequate theoretical understanding of this interplay on the basis of practical experiences. This article, however, does not argue in favour of any particular theoretical model as the only adequate interpretation of this interplay. Rather, the main argument is that experiences from Scandinavian action research programs over the last decades indicates that it is necessary to deconstruct the conventional concepts of general knowledge to be able to construct actionable knowledge. The briefly article presents some of the main steps in this development, and thereby some new perspectives on the main features of actionable knowledge. On this basis, the final part of the article presents some arguments why a linguistic turn in action research and in management and organisation studies may pave the way for a hitherto greatly underexploited resource for creating actionable knowledge: the personal experience of the researchers.


This study assesses the estimated crashes per bicyclist and per vehicle as a function of bicyclist and vehicle traffic and tests whether greater traffic reduces the per-vehicle crash rate, a phenomenon referred to as "safety in numbers" (SIN). We present a framework for comprehensive bicyclist risk assessment modeling, using estimated bicyclist flow per intersection, observed vehicle flow, and crash records. Testing a two-part model of crashes, we reveal that both the average of annual average daily traffic (AADT) over a 14-year period and the estimated daily bicyclist traffic (DBT) have a diminishing return to scale in crashes. This accentuates the positive role of SIN. Higher volumes of vehicles and cyclists lowers not only the probability of crashes, but the number of crashes as well. Measuring the elasticity of the variables, it is found that a 1% increase in the average of AADT across the time window increases the probability of crashes by 0.14% and the number of crashes by 0.80%. However, a 1% increase in the estimated DBT increases the probability of crashes by 0.09% and the number of crashes by 0.50%.


At the SAH meeting in Glasgow last June, as I ran into old friends or met new people, the topic of my appointment as JSAH editor kept coming up. Congratulations were regularly followed by variations on a perfectly reasonable yet still vexing question. "What," some well-meaning person would ask, "is your vision for the journal?" Ill prepared for this question despite its predictability, I would mutter a few half-cooked phrases, watch as a brittle, God-help-us smile spread across my interlocutor's face, and then wait uncomfortably for another topic to touch down like a life buoy amid the drowning. The truth is, my vision at that point—a volatile mixture of grandiosity and self-abasement familiar to many academics—extended little beyond wanting desperately not to be the person responsible for sinking a venerable seventy-five-year-old publication.

I need not have worried: one way or another, JSAH —by now the collective effort of thousands of people over three quarters of a century—has its own momentum. It will endure. Editors, meanwhile, come and go.

But while we are in place we are given …


Marine isotope stage (MIS) 11 may well represent one of the most significant interglacial highstand events of the past million years. Ocean volume changes charted from coastal exposures imply partial or complete melting of some of the world's major ice caps during a middle Pleistocene interglacial. The coastal geology of both Bermuda and the Bahamas yields evidence of an MIS 11 highstand 20 m higher than present. Further support for this catastrophic episode in sea-level history is revealed in subtidal and intertidal deposits at +28 ′ 2 m in O'ahu, Hawai'i. The stratigraphy, petrology, and uplift history of the Hawaiian deposits strongly suggest a correlation with MIS 11, and a compilation of amino acid racemization, uranium/thorium (alpha and mass spectrometry), and electron spin resonance ages shows a scatter between 300 and 550 kyr. When corrected for uplift, the Ka'ena Highstand succession at Wai'anae Health Center (OWH1) reveals a "stepping up" of sea level through the interglaciation, similar to that described in the Bahamas. Previous studies on O'ahu attributed all 28 m elevation of the Ka'ena Highstand to uplift since 0.5 Ma, but now it appears that only 8 m of that was caused by uplift, and the remaining 20 m by eustatic sea-level rise. These findings from O'ahu strengthen evidence for the complete disintegration of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets and partial melting of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the middle Pleistocene. If the instability of polar ice sheets can be linked to prolonged warm interglaciations as the data suggest, then existing conservative predictions for the magnitude of sea-level change by future "greenhouse" warming are seriously underestimated.


With the strengthen of the world's economic and social linkage, the traditional closed innovation system isoutdated, and we must accelerate global innovation network construction and build an open national innovationsystem in order to enhance the national innovation capability more effectively. This paper establishes itsresearch concepts and theoretical framework firstly, and analyzes the nine function route of transnationaltechnology transfer & diffusion on national innovation capability theoretically, which forming a "234" structure,then use the sample data 1993–2011 of China, it empirically tests the Johansen co-integration and Granger-causality relationship between transnational technology transfer &diffusion and national innovation capability.According to the analysis and empirical study, we draw the following conclusions: (1) There exist long-termequilibrium relationships and different Granger-causality relationships between transnational technology transfer&diffusion and national innovation capability. (2) Whether in short-term or long-term, the promotion ofinternational trade or national innovation capability can promote the other side, that's mean the promotionfunction between each other is both current effects and long-term effects, so it is a win-win relationship betweeninternational trade and national innovation capability. (3) In the short term (2 years), foreign direct investmentand national innovation capability can promote each other. But in the long term (3 years and above), nationalinnovation capability can promote the growth of foreign direct investment, while the growth of foreign directinvestment can not enhance the national innovation capability effectively. (4) In a very short period (1 year andless), it can enhance national innovation capability shortly to increase the transnational R&D institutions toembed into the host country. But in a longer term (2 years and above), there does not exist promote functioneach other between transnational R&D institutions embedding and national innovation capability, and themultinational R&D institutions embedding only has a very limited short-term effect on the host country'snational innovation capability building, and there is no very obvious long-term positive effects.


For more than forty years, Isaac Asimov thrilled millions of readers with his bestselling Foundation series, a spellbinding tale of the future that spans thousands of years and dozens of worlds. Completed just weeks before his death in April 1992, Forward the Foundation is the seventh and concluding volume of this masterwork, which was awarded a Hugo for the 'Best All-Time Science Fiction Series'. In the earlier Foundation novels, Hari Seldon, the guiding genius of the Foundation, was a figure of history. By going back to the great mathmatician's life, in Forward the Foundation, Asimov fills in the remaining gaps in his epic story. Asimov acknowledged that he always regarded Seldon as his alter ego, and this novel is all the more poignant for the fact that he himself died only weeks after writing about Seldon's death. A resounding tour de force, Forward the Foundation offers the dramatic climax to the Foundation series, and perhaps the greatest moment in science fiction to date.


State-of-the-art computer vision systems are trained to predict a fixed set of predetermined object categories. This restricted form of supervision limits their generality and usability since additional labeled data is needed to specify any other visual concept. Learning directly from raw text about images is a promising alternative which leverages a much broader source of supervision. We demonstrate that the simple pre-training task of predicting which caption goes with which image is an efficient and scalable way to learn SOTA image representations from scratch on a dataset of 400 million (image, text) pairs collected from the internet. After pre-training, natural language is used to reference learned visual concepts (or describe new ones) enabling zero-shot transfer of the model to downstream tasks. We study the performance of this approach by benchmarking on over 30 different existing computer vision datasets, spanning tasks such as OCR, action recognition in videos, geo-localization, and many types of fine-grained object classification. The model transfers non-trivially to most tasks and is often competitive with a fully supervised baseline without the need for any dataset specific training. For instance, we match the accuracy of the original ResNet-50 on ImageNet zero-shot without needing to use any of the 1.28 million training examples it was trained on. We release our code and pre-trained model weights at https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP.


A number of approaches for integrating GIS and qualitative research have emerged in recent years, as part of a resurgence of interest in mixed methods research in geography. These efforts to integrate qualitative data and qualitative analysis techniques complement a longstanding focus in GIScience upon ways of handling qualitative forms of spatial data and reasoning in digital environments, and extend engagements with 'the qualitative' in GIScience to include discussions of research methodologies. This article contributes to these emerging qualitative GIS methodologies by describing the structures and functions of 'computer‐aided qualitative GIS' (CAQ‐GIS), an approach for storing and analyzing qualitative, quantitative, and geovisual data in both GIS and computer aided data analysis software. CAQ‐GIS uses modified structures from conventional desktop GIS to support storage of qualitative data and analytical codes, together with a parallel coding and analysis process carried out with GIS and a computer‐aided data analysis software package. The inductive mixed methods analysis potential of CAQ‐GIS is demonstrated with examples from research on children's urban geographies.


ABSTRACT Given that sport-for-development (SfD) requires the intentional use of sport as a tool to realize developmental goals in complex contexts, there is a need for reflexive SfD coaches who can successfully contribute to the delivery of programmes. In this study, we explore the lived experiences of SfD coaches in a selection of programmes in Flanders, Belgium. We look at their responsibilities, perceived competencies and the conditions that need to be in place in order to realize SfD goals. Qualitative data spanning a four-year research project were analysed in order to understand how, why and in what contexts coaches contribute to SfD programmes. The analysis unearthed a boundary-spanning coach profile, establishing emotional connectivity, working in a transprofessional manner, and occupying professional hybridity that adapts to context continuously. These results provide an important contribution for SfD practice and policy, nourishing reflection on the 'ideal' SfD coach profile, and how it could be generated within the most complex times.


INTRODUCTION I. THE LINGERING PROBLEM OF COMMERCIAL SPEECH--THE MEANING OF CENTRAL HUDSON II. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CASE FOR PROTECTING COMMERCIAL SPEECH A. The Value of Commercial Speech 1. The Democratic Rationale 2. The Individual Rationale B. The Case Against Commercial Speech Regulation C. Summary III. PROTECTING COMMERCIAL SPEECH A. The Problem--Legitimate Regulation and Unstructured Balancing B. R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul--A Proposal for Commercial Speech Regulation CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION The commercial speech component of First Amendment doctrine is frequently considered an area in need of reform, and possibly even of demolition. The reasons advanced for protecting commercial speech often seem obscure. The Supreme Court, in a series of confusing and sometimes inconsistent opinions, (1) has not been very helpful in explaining such justifications. This Article offers a systematic defense of why commercial speech is deserving of First Amendment protection and how, with minimal doctrinal change, commercial speech law can be simplified and made coherent. Part I outlines the difficulties the Court has had in this area and explains why the question of justification for constitutional protection remains salient more than thirty years after constitutional protection for commercial speech first began. Part II defends the general framework of commercial speech law; namely, that commercial speech is entitled to substantial but reduced protection under the First Amendment as a separate doctrinal category. This Article offers two independent but mutually reinforcing justifications for this framework. First, this Article argues that commercial speech furthers a variety of listener interests with which the First Amendment should be concerned. Second, even if one rejects the First Amendment principles that counsel in favor of protecting commercial speech as such, some justifications for regulation of any speech--most importantly, that speech can be regulated because listeners might come to agree with it--must be forbidden absent an especially compelling reason. (2) Such regulations would directly undermine the neutrality that the government must exercise toward the dissemination and discussion of ideas, and substitute the government's own judgment for that of individual citizens. (3) Part III suggests that the Court has accidentally stumbled onto the correct treatment of commercial speech in another area. R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (4) provides the appropriate schemata to protect commercial speech, subject to the state's legitimate interest in regulating speech attendant to economic transactions, and to preclude content-based or viewpoint-based regulations of disfavored speech. It achieves the former by requiring speech regulation to be based on the reason for the categorical exception--that is, the reason that commercial speech may be constitutionally treated differently (subject to other limited exceptions). (5) This assures that commercial speech regulations may exist only where the government can point to an interest related to the reason commercial speech is subject to less protection than core non-commercial speech. This R.A.V.-inspired structure serves the latter by eliminating any possibility of discrimination in the same way--thus, the only acceptable justifications for restrictions on commercial speech are ones related to the particular class of harms that commercial speech poses. I. THE LINGERING PROBLEM OF COMMERCIAL SPEECH: THE MEANING OF CENTRAL HUDSON History reveals deep divisions over the appropriate treatment of commercial speech, especially regarding application of the leading test developed in Central Hudson (6) and whether it provides appropriate guidance for courts. This Part provides a brief overview of the major commercial speech cases decided by the Supreme Court. …


Two key issues defined the focus of this research in manufacturing plasmid DNA for use In human gene therapy. First, the processing of E.coli bacterial cells to effect the separation of therapeutic plasmid DNA from cellular debris and adventitious material. Second, the affinity purification of the plasmid DNA in a Simple one-stage process. The need arises when considering the concerns that have been recently voiced by the FDA concerning the scalability and reproducibility of the current manufacturing processes in meeting the quality criteria of purity, potency, efficacy, and safety for a recombinant drug substance for use in humans. To develop a preliminary purification procedure, an EFD cross-flow micro-filtration module was assessed for its ability to effect the 20-fold concentration, 6-time diafiltration, and final clarification of the plasmid DNA from the subsequent cell lysate that is derived from a 1 liter E.coli bacterial cell culture. Historically, the employment of cross-flow filtration modules within procedures for harvesting cells from bacterial cultures have failed to reach the required standards dictated by existing continuous centrifuge technologies, frequently resulting in the rapid blinding of the membrane with bacterial cells that substantially reduces the permeate flux. By challenging the EFD module, containing six helical wound tubular membranes promoting centrifugal instabilities known as Dean vortices, with distilled water between the Dean number's of 187Dn and 818Dn,and the transmembrane pressures (TMP) of 0 to 5 psi. The data demonstrated that the fluid dynamics significantly influenced the permeation rate, displaying a maximum at 227Dn (312 Imh) and minimum at 818Dn (130 Imh) for a transmembrane pressure of 1 psi. Numerical studies indicated that the initial increase and subsequent decrease resulted from a competition between the centrifugal and viscous forces that create the Dean vortices. At Dean numbers between 187Dn and 227Dn , the forces combine constructively to increase the apparent strength and influence of the Dean vortices. However, as the Dean number in increases above 227 On the centrifugal force dominates the viscous forces, compressing the Dean vortices into the membrane walls and reducing their influence on the radial transmembrane pressure i.e. the permeate flux reduced. When investigating the action of the Dean vortices in controlling tile fouling rate of E.coli bacterial cells, it was demonstrated that the optimum cross-flow rate at which to effect the concentration of a bacterial cell culture was 579Dn and 3 psi TMP, processing in excess of 400 Imh for 20 minutes (i.e., concentrating a 1L culture to 50 ml in 10 minutes at an average of 450 Imh). The data demonstrated that there was a conflict between the Dean number at which the shear rate could control the cell fouling, and the Dean number at which tile optimum flux enhancement was found. Hence, the internal geometry of the EFD module was shown to sub-optimal for this application. At 579Dn and 3 psi TMP, the 6-fold diafiltration was shown to occupy 3.6 minutes of process time, processing at an average flux of 400 Imh. Again, at 579Dn and 3 psi TMP the clarification of the plasmid from tile resulting freeze-thaw cell lysate was achieved at 120 Iml1, passing 83% (2,5 mg) of the plasmid DNA (6,3 ng μ-1 10.8 mg of genomic DNA (∼23,00 Obp, 36 ng μ-1 ), and 7.2 mg of cellular proteins (5-100 kDa, 21.4 ngμ-1 ) into the post-EFD process stream. Hence the EFD module was shown to be effective, achieving the desired objectives in approximately 25 minutes. On the basis of its ability to intercalate into low molecular weight dsDNA present in dilute cell lysates, and be electrophoresed through agarose, the fluorophore PicoGreen was selected for the development of a suitable dsDNA assay. It was assesseel for its accuracy, and reliability, In determining the concentration and identity of DNA present in samples that were eleclrophoresed through agarose gels. The signal emitted by intercalated PicoGreen was shown to be constant and linear, and that the mobility of the PicaGreen-DNA complex was not affected by the intercalation. Concerning the secondary purification procedure, various anion-exchange membranes were assessed for their ability to capture plasmid DNA from the post-EFD process stream. For a commercially available Sartorius Sartobind Q15 membrane, the reduction in the equilibriumbinding capacity for  ctDNA in buffer of increasing ionic demonstrated that DNA was being.adsorbed by electrostatic  interactions only. However, the problems associated with fluid distribution across the membrane demonstrated that the membrane housing was the predominant cause of the .erratic breakthrough curves. Consequently, this would need to be rectified before such a membrane could be integrated into the current system, or indeed be scaled beyond laboratory scale. However, when challenged with the process material, the data showed that considerable quantities of protein (1150 μg) were adsorbed preferentially to the plasmid DNA (44 μg). This was also shown for derived Pall Gelman UltraBind US450 membranes that had been functionalised by varying molecular weight poly-L~lysine and polyethyleneimine ligands. Hence the anion-exchange membranes were shown to be ineffective in capturing plasmid DNA from the process stream. Finally, work was performed to integrate a sequence-specific DNA·binding protein into a single-stage DNA chromatography, isolating plasmid DNA from E.coli cells whilst minimising the contamination from genomic DNA and cellular protein. Preliminary work demonstrated that the fusion protein was capable of isolating pUC19 DNA into which the recognition sequence for the fusion-protein had been inserted (pTS DNA) when in the presence of the conditioned process material. Althougth the pTS recognition sequence differs from native pUC19 sequences by only 2 bp, the fusion protein was shown to act as a highly selective affinity ligand for pTS DNA alone. Subsequently, the scale of the process was scaled 25-fold and positioned directly following the EFD system. In conclusion, the integration of the EFD micro-filtration system and zinc-finger affinity purification technique resulted in the capture of approximately 1 mg of plasmid DNA was purified from 1L of E.coli  culture in a simple two stage process, resulting in the complete removal of genomic DNA and 96.7% of cellular protein in less than 1 hour of process time.


Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) can cause a wide variety of infections in humans, such as skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, and food poisoning. This pathogen could be carried on the nares, skin, and hair of animals and humans, representing a serious problem at the hospital and the community level as well as in the food industry. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is given by bacterial structures and extracellular products, among which are toxins, which could cause staphylococcal diseases transmitted by food (SFD). S. aureus has the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials (AMR), highlighting methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), which have resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics, except to the fifth-generation cephalosporins. Methicillin resistance is primarily mediated by three mechanisms: production of an altered penicillin-binding protein PBP2' (or PBP2a), encoded by the mecA gene; high production of β -lactamase in borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA); and mutations in the native PBPs, called modified S. aureus (MODSA). Emerging strains have been isolated from meat-producing animals and retail meat, such as MRSA, MRSA ST398 (associated with livestock), multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus , and enterotoxin-producing S. aureus . Therefore, there is a risk of contamination of meat and meat products during the different processing stages of the meat supply chain.


PAGE Over the years, the Standard Model has proved itself to be an extremely durable theory. In spite of its success, very few empirical clues have emerged about the nature of the electroweak symmetry breaking that lies at its heart. With results from the LHC around the corner, this will hopefully change soon. In this dissertation we examine several possibilities for electroweak symmetry breaking and discuss various extensions to the Standard Model to resolve known problems. We begin by providing a brief overview of electroweak symmetry breaking, two Higgs doublet models, and supersyrnrnetry. We then present a supersyrnrnetric model that allows for small, Dirac neutrino masses. We find that it yields dramatic multi-lepton signatures, which have extremely small backgrounds. Next we discuss the leptophilic two Higgs doublet model and construct its supersyrnrnetric analogue. Bounds on this model as well as its phenomenology are presented. We then show that an extension of this model includes a dark matter candidate that is capable of explaining a possibly observed excess of gamma-rays corning from the Galactic Center.


Low-lying countries such as the Netherlands are very vulnerable to climatic changes, which are likely to cause an increase in sea-level rise. The most obvious threat is permanent inundation of unprotected low areas. However, such a 'final' situation will be preceded by a period of increasing episodic flooding and coastal erosion. Sea-level rise causes safety against flooding and erosion to reduce which should be accounted for in long-term coastal zone management plans. The question is to what extent such increases are tolerable and what can we do about it. This problem concerns the levels of safety which are desired, also in coastal areas which are already protected from flooding: is there a surplus of safety so that no intervention is required, or does the coastal defence system need to be adapted? The relevance of this question lies not perse in the threat of sea-level rise: the same question may be raised in the case of developing coastal areas, where economic values at stake increase: such developments cause a relative weakening of the flood defence system: the desired safety standards increase so that the existing defence system may not meet any longer the changed demand for flood protection and is to be adapted. The above problem description was the background of a number of studies in the Netherlands to assess the impacts of a possible climatic change and to evaluate potential counter measures. A model has been developed for quick analysis of combinations of scenarios for climate change and potential counter measures. This paper describes the limitations of Cost Benefit Analysis as a tool for the appraisal of flood alleviation in view of the inaccuracies in investment costs and material flood damages. 1) Harbours, Coasts and Offshore Technology, Delft Hydraulics 2) University of Twente


In Germany, science education standards for students at the end of grade nine have been in existance since 2005. Some of these standards are dedicated to scientific inquiry (e.g. experimentation). They describe which abilities learners are expected to possess at the end of grade nine. In the USA, several documents describe standards for Teaching Inquiry (NGSS 2013, NRC 1996/2000/2007, AAAS 1989). Presently, comparable teaching standards for science teachers are mostly lacking in Germany. Further, there are hardly any instruments that allow for the assessment of specific competences pertaining to teaching experimental lessons and assessing student competences in experimentation. Therefore, the aim of the project described in this paper is to develop assessment instruments for biology teachers who are being trained at universities as well as in in-service teacher training programs with respect to i) analyzing experimental biology lessons, ii) planning experimental biology lessons, and iii) assessing student achievements in experimental biology lessons. The article gives insights into ongoing research with respect to assessing the quality of biology teacher education. Finally, the developed measurement instruments should allow for assessing the learning preconditions of future biology teachers. The instruments offer first starting points for the development of sensitive measures for longitudinal studies to investigate university teacher education and teacher traineeship in the subject of biology.


The core part of an entity linking system, in particular one oriented to wikification, is ontology, which is often informal and supports semantic relatedness as the only type of relation. Most of these systems suffer from the problem of ontology incompleteness. It is especially important for specific domains, since often the only source of extractable knowledge is plain text. This paper formulates the incompleteness problem as a task of ontology enrichment from domain-specific texts and presents a novel approach that combines state-ofthe-art methods for terminology enrichment, our own ML-based method for homonymy detection, and methods adopted from the related field for relations extraction. Experimental evaluation shows that the bottleneck is terminology enrichment step: its average precision is about 35%, which is inapplicable for automatic usage, especially taking into account the strict requirements for ontology correctness; however, recall is high enough to help semi-automatic terminology enrichment. We also show that the best features for terminology enrichment differ from those for classic terminology recognition task.


A 9-DAY-OLD boy presented to the pediatric emergency department with a 1-day history of intermittent stridor and difficulty feeding. The patient, a 2920-g infant, was born at 40-weeks' gestation following an uncomplicated pregnancy, labor, and delivery. He spent 6 hours in the newborn intensive care unit because of jitteriness and mild respiratory distress. The symptoms resolved except for an intermittent "squeaky, high-pitched cry." One day before admission to the hospital, he became increasingly irritable and also had decreased oral intake. Physical examination on the day of admission revealed an infant with soft, intermittent inspiratory stridor occurring during feedings or while quietly lying supine. The stridor resolved when he held his neck in a hyperextended position or when he was placed prone. A 1to 2-cm, red-purple ulcerated mass over the right posterior soft palate and pharyngeal arch was seen. A radiograph of the lateral aspect of the neck confirmed a large mass in the oropharynx behind the soft palate (Figure 1). It did not appear to originate from the posterior wall as a nasogastric feeding tube could be seen between the polyp and the posterior wall of the oropharynx on the x-ray film. Soon after admission, the infant began choking and coughed out a piece of tissue. The gross specimen demonstrated a 131-cm, in greatest diameter, red-tan polypoid mass. The tissue was examined histopathologically (Figure 2).


We propose a method to drive an underactuated manipulator among obstacles in its workspace. The method allows for collision-free trajectories to be generated from the dynamic equations of the manipulator. When the passive joints are locked, these trajectories lie on surfaces parallel to the axes of the active joints. When the passive joints are free, the trajectories lie on surfaces determined by the nonholonomic constraints imposed by the lack of actuation at the passive joints. By switching the joint brakes on and off, we obtain a sequence of trajectories that connect the start and the goal configurations. A robust controller is utilized to ensure that the manipulator follows the pre-planned trajectories closely despite modeling errors and external disturbances. Simulation and experimental studies demonstrate the validity of the proposed theory.


Epistemic extensions of description logics (DLs) have been introduced several years ago in order to enhance expressivity and querying capabilities of these logics by knowledge base introspection. We argue that unintended effects occur when imposing the traditionally employed semantics on the very expressive DLs that underly the OWL 1 and OWL 2 standards. Consequently, we suggest a revised semantics that behaves more intuitively in these cases and coincides with the traditional semantics of less expressive DLs. Moreover, we introduce a way of answering epistemic queries to OWL knowledge bases by a reduction to standard OWL reasoning. We provide an implementation of our approach and present first evaluation results.


Objectives:To assess the mediating role of drinking restraint—specifically preoccupation with drinking—on the associations between mindful awareness and alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Methods:A total of 390 heavy-drinking, undergraduate, college students (52% male) were assessed on measures of mindfulness, drinking restraint, alcohol consumption (prior 90 d), and alcohol-related problems through self-report surveys. Results:Mindfulness was negatively associated with alcohol consumption, problems, and both factors of drinking restraint (emotional preoccupation and behavioral constraint). Emotional preoccupation, but not behavioral constraint, statistically mediated these relationships and demonstrated positive associations with both alcohol consumption and related problems. Conclusions:Results replicate previous findings documenting a negative association between mindfulness and alcohol consumption and problems. Statistical mediation models suggest that preoccupation with drinking may be a risk factor that over-rides the health-promoting effects of mindfulness.


Wagner's law and Keynes' hypothesis has long been debated in economics. In this paper, we test the income-expenditure hypothesis for eighty-one of Turkey's provinces for the period 1992 to 2013 using panel data analysis. For this purpose, the validity of these hypotheses is tested by applying recent panel cointegration and causality techniques, allowing for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity between regions. Under the presence of cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, the level of integration of the variables was tested by means of the cross-sectionally augmented Dickey-Fuller test, the presence of long-run relationship of the variables was tested with the Westerlund-Edgerton Lagrange multiplier bootstrap test, long-run cointegration coefficients were estimated with the Eberhardt-Bond panel augmented mean group method, and finally causality relationship was defined by the Dumitrescu-Hurlin test. The results of this study provide strong support for the validity of Wagner's law and Keynes' hypothesis for Turkey.Keywords: Wagner's law, Public expenditures, Economic growth, Cointegration, Granger causality.JEL: C23, E60, E62, H50, H72


Competitive pressure on companies to boost productivity and performance has intensifi ed in the last two or three decades due to a confl uence of events, such as global integration of markets, a more fi nance-driven business environment, and industry deregulation and privatization. The ripple effects spread across all functional areas of business, affect all stakeholders, and can have positive or negative social consequences. Certainly employees and the human resource function are a case in point. Companies may react to greater competitive pressure by taking the low road through labour commodifi cation, cost cutting, and worker disempowerment or the high road through investment in human capital, high-involvement work practices, and mutual-gain compensation.


The plethora of recent victim's rights legislation makes it tougher to defend sex crime cases and more likely that innocent defendants will be subjected to lifetime restrictions if convicted. In order to tread the fine line between victims' rights and zealous representation, defense attorneys need to recognize the areas of the law that are the trickiest to navigate under these new victims' rights standards and the actions they can take to minimize their effects on the defense. These actions include scrutinizing the case more deeply, hiring private investigators and forensic computer experts. Attorneys should also be familiar with the "first complaint" rules in their state, as many courts now allow the in-court use of hearsay regarding the victim's initial report to another person. The prejudicial joinder of offenses is another recent development in victims' rights, forcing defense attorneys to be wary of this effect of judicial efficiency. Additionally, the continued expansion of rape shield laws makes it increasingly difficult to use instances of non-truthfulness to impeach victims in sex crimes cases. Trial practice is also affected by this victims' rights era. Thus, it is important for all attorneys to identify a viable and creditable theory of defense, use voir dire to thoroughly vet prospective jurors, attempt to provide as much relevant and material impeachment evidence as possible under the rape shield statutes, and find the proper balance between zealous representation and not demeaning or degrading the purported victim.


BACKGROUND
fall-related injuries in older people are a major public health concern. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial determinants of healthy ageing and risk of fall-related hip fracture in community-dwelling older people. The purpose was to contribute evidence for promotion of healthy ageing strategies in population-based interventions for fall injury prevention.

METHODS
a case-control study was conducted with 387 participants, with at least two controls recruited per case. Cases of fall-related hip fracture in community-dwelling people aged 65 and older were recruited from hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia, in 2003-2004. Community-based controls, matched by age, sex and postcode, were recruited via electoral roll sampling. A questionnaire assessing psychosocial factors, identified as determinants of healthy ageing, was administered at face-to-face interviews.

RESULTS
psychosocial factors having a significant independent protective effect on hip fracture risk included being currently married [OR: 0.44 (0.22 to 0.88)], living in present residence for 5 years or more [OR: 0.43 (0.22 to 0.84)], having private health insurance [OR: 0.49 (0.27 to 0.90)], using proactive coping strategies [OR: 0.52 (0.29 to 0.92)], having a higher level of life satisfaction [OR: 0.47 (0.27 to 0.81)], and engagement in social activities in older age [OR: 0.30 (0.17 to 0.54)].

CONCLUSION
this study suggests that psychosocial determinants of healthy ageing are protective in fall-related hip fracture injury in older people. Reduction in the public health burden caused by this injury may then be achieved by implementing healthy ageing strategies involving community-based approaches to enhance the psychosocial environments of older people.