This article details the findings of a thematic analysis of Teach for America's (TFA) website in an attempt to add to the growing body of literature documenting the harmful effects of deficit thinking. The paper begins with a general description of the current U.S. education reform landscape, followed by a brief review of literature focused on ways deficit thinking maintains asymmetrical relations of dominance. Next, I describe my commitment to postcritical ethnography and how my positionality informed the production of the deficit theme, followed by ways that TFA implicitly and explicitly pathologizes the communities, families, and students who experience its corps members. After problematizing the savior mentality identified in my research, I conclude with a discussion of implications for students, families, and the communities where TFA teachers are placed, arguing that the organization is not necessarily the answer to the structures of inequality that persist in this country's schools; rather, it works to perpetuate these structures through its adoption of harmful deficit models. I suggest students may be better served by educators who are able to locate and teach to their strengths.


Multilayered fabrics consist of different layers of the fabrics which has the ability to complement and maximize the essential comfort properties for a bed linen. Presence of more number of layers can reduce pressure, temperature, shear and friction developed on body and also enhance the moisture absorbency and moisture vapor transport property. Few hospitals are providing uncomfortable tough mattress, covered by water proof coated fabric cover, over which simple single layered cotton bedspread is being used, which makes the patient highly uncomfortable due the strain on the contact areas and excessive heat generated. Excess compression in the contact area damages the blood vessels, leading to bedsores of different degrees with unbearable pain. In this research work an effort as made to produce a pressure reliving mattress and bed sheet, a pressure relieving support surface was developed with super soft polyurethane foam, with horizontal and vertical drill holes connected to an air circulation device to give enough air circulation and pressure distribution to more area. Single layered and multi layered bed sheets have developed using fibers like lyocel, cotton, polypropylene and micro polyester fibers in different fabric structures. The comfort properties such as air permeability, water absorbency, wicking, water vapor permeability and thermal conductivity of multilayered fabrics have tested and their test results are discussed. The comfort properties of multilayered bed mattress with selected combination of fabrics have been studied with and without air circulation system for improving the pressure and temperature of the patient have been reported.


The role of mandatory rules in international arbitration remains a persistent source of debate. The basic problem is a straightforward one: contractual arbitration arises as a matter of the parties' consent, but the resolution of contractual disputes can implicate mandatory rules of law that are not waivable and are typically designed to protect broader public rights. The literature has often presented the issue in terms of conflict between the authority of the state and the party-derived authority of the arbitrator. Asserting an independent public duty to protect national mandatory laws as well as the enforceability of arbitral awards, some writers have urged arbitrators to apply a so-called "mandatory rules method" to determine, irrespective of the parties' agreement, which particular mandatory rules to apply in a particular dispute. This Article takes a skeptical view of the mandatory rules literature and argues that arbitration of mandatory rules is readily handled within the standard, contractual view of arbitration. Advocates of the mandatory rules method rely on a mistaken view of national arbitrability doctrines that, once corrected, deprives the argument of much of its force. The consequences of this insight are nevertheless limited because modern arbitration agreements generally give arbitrators far more authority to apply mandatory rules than many assume. Indeed, applying a special mandatory rules method will typically narrow rather than expand the range of mandatory rules available to the arbitrator. There may be reasons why that narrowing is prudent, but those are not reasons the existing literature has thus far discussed.


A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WHEELCHAIR RACING by Susan J. Schenk Wheelchair racing strokes are very complicated movements, which involve a coupling between the athlete and his or her racing chair. Each body segment, as well as the wheel, follows a distinct trajectory as the motion is performed. Understanding the kinematics and kinetics of various stroke techniques would provide the athletes and their coaches with information, which could help guide the racers toward improved performances. In this thesis, a mathematical model is developed, which is capable of providing such valuable kinematic and kinetic information. This two-dimensional model represents the body segments as a coupled pendulum system of point masses and the wheel as a distributed-mass disk. Furthermore, the model incorporates several fundamental assumptions, including that the stroke cycle can be divided into an arbitrary number of consecutive ballistic phases such that segment positions are continuous at phase boundaries. Each phase is mathematically a second-order, nonlinear ordinary boundary value problem (BvP). Numerical methods are used to solve the BVPs independently, resulting in velocity discontinuities at the phase boundaries. These instantaneous velocity increases or decreases must be caused by impulsive forces. In turn, these impulsive forces are interpreted as muscular input and/or physical impacts. In this research, the model is used to produce numerous stroke techniques, which are consistent with a given racer's structural parameters and prescribed stroke characteristics (racing speed, cycle time, recovery cycle time, the athlete's orientation in the racing chair, and wheel contact and release angles). The kinematics of these different techniques are contrasted. In addition, the muscular mechanical energy costs of these strokes are determined and an interpretation as to the mechanical energy efficiency of each technique is given. The model is used to provide insight into the intricacies of an actual wheelchair racing stroke. In this thesis, the kinematics and energetics of model-produced techniques guide the analysis of these characteristics of an empirical stroke. One conclusion of this analysis is that this model may be able to provide more mechanically efficient alternative strokes from which the athlete can choose. Finally, suggestions are offered toward improving the model. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WHEELCHAIR RACING


Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, debilitating disease that is difficult to treat. Once medical management fails, wide local excision offers the best chance for cure. However, the resultant wound often proves too large or contaminated for immediate closure. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective chart review of hidradenitis cases managed surgically between 2005 and 2010. Data collected included patient characteristics, management method, and outcomes. Approximately half of the patients received internal vacuum-assisted closure therapy using the vacuum-assisted closure system and delayed closure and half of the patients received immediate primary closure at the time of their excision. Delayed closure consisted of closing the majority of the wound in a linear fashion following internal vacuum-assisted closure while accepting healing by means of secondary intention for small wound areas. Results: Patients managed with internal vacuum-assisted closure had wounds on average four times larger in area than patients managed without internal vacuum-assisted closure. In both groups, all wounds were eventually closed primarily. Healing times averaged 2.2 months with internal vacuum-assisted closure and 2.7 months without. At an average follow-up time of 2.3 months, all patients with internal vacuum-assisted closure had no recurrence of their local disease. Conclusions: Severe hidradenitis presents a treatment challenge, as surgical excisions are often complicated by difficult closures and unsatisfactory recurrence rates. This study demonstrates that wide local excision with reasonable outcomes can be achieved using accelerated delayed primary closure. This method uses internal vacuum-assisted closure as a bridge between excision and delayed primary closure, facilitating closure without recurrence in large, heavily contaminated wounds. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.


Drought characterisation is an intrinsically spatio‐temporal problem. A limitation of previous approaches to characterisation is that they discard much of the spatio‐temporal information by reducing events to a lower‐order subspace. To address this, an explicit 3‐dimensional (longitude, latitude, time) structure‐based method is described in which drought events are defined by a spatially and temporarily coherent set of points displaying standardised precipitation below a given threshold. Geometric methods can then be used to measure similarity between individual drought structures. Groupings of these similarities provide an alternative to traditional methods for extracting recurrent space‐time signals from geophysical data. The explicit consideration of structure encourages the construction of summary statistics which relate to the event geometry. Example measures considered are the event volume, centroid, and aspect ratio. The utility of a 3‐dimensional approach is demonstrated by application to the analysis of European droughts (15°W to 35°E, and 35°N to 70°N) for the period 1901–2006. Large‐scale structure is found to be abundant with 75 events identified lasting for more than 3 months and spanning at least 0.5 × 106 km2. Near‐complete dissimilarity is seen between the individual drought structures, and little or no regularity is found in the time evolution of even the most spatially similar drought events. The spatial distribution of the event centroids and the time evolution of the geographic cross‐sectional areas strongly suggest that large area, sustained droughts result from the combination of multiple small area (∼106 km2) short duration (∼3 months) events. The small events are not found to occur independently in space. This leads to the hypothesis that local water feedbacks play an important role in the aggregation process. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society


Predictive state representations (PSRs) are models of controlled non-Markov observation sequences which exhibit the same generative process governing POMDP observations without relying on an underlying latent state. In that respect, a PSR is indistinguishable from the corresponding POMDP. However, PSRs notoriously ignore the notion of rewards, which undermines the general utility of PSR models for control, planning, or reinforcement learning. Therefore, we describe a sufficient and necessary accuracy condition which determines whether a PSR is able to accurately model POMDP rewards, we show that rewards can be approximated even when the accuracy condition is not satisfied, and we find that a non-trivial number of POMDPs taken from a well-known thirdparty repository do not satisfy the accuracy condition. We propose reward-predictive state representations (R-PSRs), a generalization of PSRs which accurately models both observations and rewards, and develop value iteration for R-PSRs. We show that there is a mismatch between optimal POMDP policies and the optimal PSR policies derived from approximate rewards. On the other hand, optimal R-PSR policies perfectly match optimal POMDP policies, reconfirming R-PSRs as accurate stateless generative models of observations and rewards.


Don't rely on instincts alone.

 Hiring. Is. King. The lesson seems so basic. Yet time after time, good companies stumble and lose their stride — just when they were poised for rapid growth. Why? Because their leaders treated hiring as a tedious chore. They posted an ad hoc ad. Took the first person with the right skills. Hired for immediate needs, rather than future flourishing.

 In Hire Smart from the Start, Dave Carvajal distills lessons gained from 20 years in the trenches, building out and staffing two enormously successful Internet startups and helping firms like Tumblr, Buddy Media, and Shutterstock land the talent they need to reach their greatest potential.

 Whether you're a high-tech entrepreneur taking a startup public, or a food truck vendor with a concept that's taking off, this book offers a proven formula to help you:

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 Spot the 5 types of applicants you should never, ever hire

 Motivate ?reach? candidates to leave their jobs and take a chance on your vision

 Develop meaningful incentives that make people stay

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The aim of this study was to examine, understand and conceptualise the critical thinking and clinical reasoning adopted by new graduate occupational therapists as they enter the workforce to become newly autonomous practitioners. The study obtained the perspectives of new graduates, their supervisors and service managers on the means by which critical thinking and clinical reasoning develop to meet the expectations of employers. Factors which impeded the transition between new graduate and autonomous practitioner were identified and explored. Ethical approval was obtained to conduct the study. The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological research approach; Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), which informed framing, data gathering and analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with new graduates (n=6), supervisors (n=7) and managers (n=7) from multiple sites within one National Health Service Board. Interviews were transcribed verbatim from audio-recordings. The findings indicate that new graduates are expected to develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning in a manner that might challenge traditional conceptualisations of the transitioning process. A phenomenon, historically named the shock of practice, was reflected on by therapists in each phase of the study and adaptive and mal-adaptive responses to this in the thinking and behaviour of new graduates was identified. The clinical supervisor-supervisee relationship appeared to be the key source of support, and the supervisor the most significant knowledge resource, for new graduates. This relationship was supplemented by both peer support and Preceptorship. Discharge planning was a significant source of anxiety and development of an algorithm to support this process is proposed. Recommendations for further research and theoretical implications for practice and undergraduate education are discussed.


Many secondary schools in South Africa have elaborate school policies on learner pregnancy. Many of these policies state that in the event of a female learner falling pregnant, the said learner will be suspended from the school. The application of these policies has been challenged in the courts of law either by the parents of the learners or the Department of Basic Education in South Africa. The study used a qualitative research approach to explore the perceptions of Life Orientation teachers with regards to learner pregnancy policies and their efficiency. A purposive sample of nine Life Orientation teachers was chosen, and a focus group was used to collect data from the respondents. There were five female and four male teachers in total who participated in the study. Their age ranged from 27 to 52 years with an average teaching experience of 15.3 years. The study showed that despite the legislation stating that schools should be supportive of the needs of the pregnant learners at the school, teachers interviewed demonstrated their unwillingness to adhere to the law. As a result, pregnant learners are advised or coerced to stay at home for the remainder of their pregnancy as the school environment is not tolerant towards them.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.85.1.2461


Background: The commitment of nursing preceptors to their role is an important driving force that supports their clinical teaching and affects teaching quality. Role commitment undergoes dynamic development and thus changes over time. Existing studies have utilized only cross-sectional study designs and have not analyzed the changes in commitment trajectories with related factors. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the development trajectories of the commitment of preceptors and to examine the predictors between the trajectories of role commitment among nursing preceptors. Methods: A single-group, repeated-measures design was adopted, and 59 participants completed the Commitment to the Preceptor Role Scale and the Preceptor's Perception of Support Scale. The latent class growth analysis method was used to estimate the trajectory class patterns. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, a nonparametric method, was used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics between the trajectories of commitment among nursing preceptors. Predictors were examined using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The two-class model was the best-fitting model to describe the trajectories of nursing preceptor commitment. The two classes in this model were "low commitment," which accounted for 90.3% of all the participants, and "high commitment," which accounted for 9.7%. A significant difference was found between the two classes in terms of motivation for being a preceptor (p = .048). Neither demographic characteristics nor organizational support had a predictive effect on the trajectories of commitment development. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: This study found a low level of role commitment among new preceptors. Moreover, internal motivation was found to be a significant factor affecting the trajectories of this commitment. Therefore, institutions should foster an appropriate environment to enhance the role identity of preceptors as well as cultivate and stimulate their commitment to this role.


In this study we investigate the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on the diversity of three different vegetation functional groups – forbs, grasses and mosses – using a field survey of acid grasslands across Great Britain. Our aim is to identify the vegetation types that are most vulnerable to enhanced N deposition, and to shed light on the mechanisms that may be driving N‐initiated species changes in the UK. Sixty‐eight randomly selected grasslands belonging to the UK National Vegetation Classification group U4 (Festuca ovina–Agrostis capillaris–Galium saxatile grassland) were studied along a gradient of atmospheric N deposition ranging from 6 to 36 kg N ha−1 yr−1. At each site, vegetation was surveyed and samples were taken from the topsoil and subsoil. Aboveground plant material was collected from three species: a forb, grass and moss. Both the species richness and cover of forbs declined strongly with increasing N deposition, from greater than eight species/20% cover per m2 quadrat at low levels of N to fewer than two species/5% cover at the highest N deposition levels. Grasses showed a weak but significant decline in species richness, and a trend toward increasing cover with increasing N input. Mosses showed no trends in either species richness or cover. Most of the decline in plant species richness could be accounted for by the level of ammonium deposition. Soil KCl‐extractable ammonium concentration showed a significant positive correlation with N input, but there was no relationship between N deposition and extractable nitrate. In the soil O/A horizon, there was no relationship between N deposition and %N, and only a very weak positive relationship between the level of N deposition and the C : N ratio. Finally, in the vegetation, there was no relationship between N deposition and either shoot tissue N concentration or N : P ratio for any of the three reference species. Combining our regional survey with the results of published N‐addition experiments provides compelling evidence that there has been a significant decline in the species richness and cover of forbs across Great Britain, and that the primary cause is competition due to an increase in the cover of grasses in response to enhanced deposition of reactive N, primarily NH4+.


Magazine management as a field of study lies within the area of Media Management and Economics (MME). MME research is producing a growing body of literature focusing on economic, management and business issues in the media industries, based largely on traditional concepts and theories in the two related disciplines of management and economics. Study of media management and economics has grown in stature since the 1990s pioneering works of Robert Picard and Alan Albarran. Several seminal books have been published in the 2000s, including the Handbook of Media Management and Economics and Annet Aris and Jacques Bughin's Managing Media Companies. The founding of three academic journals, namely the Journal of Media Economics (in 1988), the International Journal of Media Management (in 1999), and the Journal of Media Business Studies (in 2007), has established the field by providing industry-specific publication outlets for research on journalism and media-based business and economics. This chapter comprises a review of the current research on the magazine industry, segmented in the following five categories: media economics, management research, business modeling, innovation and brand management. These categories reflect the main body of research related to magazines and magazine publishing from a business perspective. Research specific to magazine publishing is scarce in comparison with that in other media sectors, such as the newspaper industry. However, a strength is that the body of magazine-related research includes both global and digital studies, with theory and applications continuing to mature. Included in this review is management research that focuses on magazine publishers, as well as research in which magazine publishing is the empirical context for a larger theoretical approach.


The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is investigated recently very effectively, mostly using seismic methods because of their deep penetration and relatively good resolution. The nature of LAB is still debated, particularly under "cold" Precambrian shields and platforms. Passive experiment "13 BB star" is dedicated to study deep structure of the Earth's interior in the marginal zone of the East European craton in northern Poland. The seismic network consists of 13 broadband stations on the area of ca. 120 km in diameter. The network is located in the area of well-known sedimentary cover and crustal structure. Good records obtained till now, and expected during next 1-year long recording campaign, should yield images of detailed structure of the LAB, "410", "?520", and "660" km discontinuities, as well as mantle-core boundary and inner core.


The binary T Tauri star V582 Mon (KH 15D) is surrounded by a tilted and nodally precessing ring of dusty material, which has caused periodic occultations of one or both stars over the last 50 years. Here, we present multi-color time-series photometry (VRIJHK) throughout the 2017/2018 observing season, when the ring was covering the entire orbit of star A and gradually exposing the orbit of star B. We calculate the mean apparent magnitude of star B to be I = 14.08. Besides the periodic eclipses of star B due to its orbital motion, we observed unexpected dips in brightness indicative of partially transparent stellar-sized clumps within the ring. The wavelength dependence of these events is suggestive of extinction by dust grains significantly larger than typical interstellar dust grains. The photometric variability observed while star B is being uncovered by the trailing edge of the ring is not simply the time reversal of the behavior seen when star A was being covered by the leading edge. Whereas the leading edge appeared to be very sharply defined, the trailing edge is "clumpy" and "fuzzy" (transparent), with a more gradual transition in opacity. The clumpiness and transparency of the occulting material provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of dust grains in a likely planet-forming zone.


The Song of the Elephant In mammals, vocal sound production generally occurs in one of two ways, either through muscular control—as when a cat purrs or, more commonly, by air passing through the vocal folds—which occurs in humans and facilitates production of extremely high frequency bat calls. Over the past 20 years, it has been recognized that elephants can communicate through extremely low frequency infrasonic sounds. Taking advantage of a natural death of an elephant in a zoo, Herbst et al. (p. 595) examined the biomechanics of elephant sound production in an excised elephant larynx. Self-sustained vocal-fold vibrations, without the presence of any neural control, were used to produce infrasonic elephant sounds, using the same mechanism as singing in humans and echolocation in bats. Elephants produce low-frequency sounds via intrinsic vocal-fold vibrations similar to those in humans. Elephants can communicate using sounds below the range of human hearing ("infrasounds" below 20 hertz). It is commonly speculated that these vocalizations are produced in the larynx, either by neurally controlled muscle twitching (as in cat purring) or by flow-induced self-sustained vibrations of the vocal folds (as in human speech and song). We used direct high-speed video observations of an excised elephant larynx to demonstrate flow-induced self-sustained vocal fold vibration in the absence of any neural signals, thus excluding the need for any "purring" mechanism. The observed physical principles of voice production apply to a wide variety of mammals, extending across a remarkably large range of fundamental frequencies and body sizes, spanning more than five orders of magnitude.


This thesis explores the interplay between practices of activism and planning through a focus on place. By developing an understanding of place as a multi-situated and multi-scalar concept, I show how a theoretical approach based on a revision of the concept of place can bridge and contribute to both the fields of anthropology of planning and of social movements. Providing a series of insights into the Milanese urban periferia (outskirts) this research argues that activism and planning are continuously engaged in redefining the field of political action. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, archival and historical research, my work shows the empirical interplay between planning and politics as a central arena for the shaping of broader historical and geographical tensions. A number of controversies and episodes of protest are examined to illustrate the experiences of activists and citizens involved across different periods of contemporary Milanese history. I approached these events as elements of place-making; processes where different subjectivities, practices and ideas come together as transformative, ever-changing instances.
The neighbourhood of Quarto Oggiaro in the extreme outskirts of the city has provided a setting for fieldwork research to address the idea of the anthropological places as the result of a mutual constitution between myself as the researcher and the people I encountered in the field who were engaged in defining their environment. This approach resulted central to producing collaborative processes and for unfolding a relational interpretation of places. By engaging with these experiences this thesis demonstrates the need for examining the categories and practices of political and planning imagination and the multiple practices of world-making to make a significant contribution to understanding the human and social contexts of modern urban realities.


This study presents selected findings related to journalistic competencies or skills from surveys of more than 29,000 journalists working in 31 countries or territories, conducted between 1996 and 2011. The data come from survey studies included in Weaver and Willnat's 2012 book, The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. The study focuses on aspects such as journalists' age and education, working conditions, professional values or orientations, opinions about the importance of different aspects of the job, and attitudes toward new reporting skills that are necessary to cope with a multimedia news environment. The study concludes that there are no clear patterns of such competency among the journalists included in this analysis. However, tendencies were observed for some countries to have younger, less experienced, less formally educated journalists who do not highly value the interpretive or analytical role of journalism, who are less satisfied with their work, who have less freedom in their work, and who lack the multimedia skills necessary in the age of online journalism. The study also calls for systematic content analysis studies that investigate whether self-reported competencies of journalists in each nation actually correlate with the quality of the news products they create.


Iron availability is a central factor in infections, since iron is a critical micronutrient for all living organisms. The host employs both iron limitation and toxicity strategies to control microbial growth, and successful pathogens are able to tightly coordinate iron homeostasis in response to changing iron levels. As a commensal and opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans copes with both iron deficiency and excess via the precise regulation of iron acquisition, consumption and storage. The C. albicans transcription factor Hap43 is known to be required for the iron starvation response, while specific domains of its ortholog, HapX, in Aspergillus fumigatus, were recently shown to regulate iron uptake and consumptions genes under both low and high iron levels. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of C. albicans Hap43 domains in response to changing iron levels. We found the C-terminus of Hap43 to be essential for the activation of iron uptake genes during iron starvation, whereas, in contrast to A. fumigatus, Hap43 was not required in mediating adaptation to iron resistance. These data indicate that the generally conserved metal acquisition systems in fungal pathogens can show individual adaptations to the host environment.


When disciplines perceived as contributing to the mission of their liberal arts college are reinforced and those regarded as "non-central" are eliminated, merged, or subsumed into a more "contributing" discipline, faculty in the negatively targeted fields may be prompted to inform their university colleagues about the importance of the theories and skills of their discipline. As part of such an effort, they may point to knowledge that is special to their discipline and, at the same time, crucial to other currently more favored disciplines. What knowledge, beyond technical skills, is the special province of journalism and mass communication?(1) The present survey examined selected beliefs to probe whether a journalism and mass communication curriculum instilled a more sophisticated view of media reality in formal coursework for majors than for non-majors who learn about the media from daily experience. The goal was to use this information to initiate a fruitful discussion, which might culminate in consensus(2) about the core understandings that could distinguish a person who has received a mass communication education. Such a core could then be offered as a vital component of a comprehensive university to colleagues and administrators. Since 1984, national studies and gatherings (e.g., Oregon Report, 1987; Stark and Lowther, 1988; Wingspread Project, 1989; Blanchard and Christ, 1993; State of the Field, 1994; What Makes a Great Journalism School, 1995) have explored the domain of journalism and mass communication education. However, these books, reports, and conferences, while continuing to generate discussion about new paradigms for curricular development and the role of mass communication education in changing university cultures, have failed to define the current baseline. To establish a baseline, consensus about the basic concepts of mass communication education is necessary. However, the effort to reach consensus for even a modest list of belief statements for this exploratory study emphatically reinforced what Blanchard and Christ (1993, p.92) discovered in their 1990 national survey: Across the country there is "great diversity in the number of required core courses in journalism and mass communication programs and no pattern." A review of core courses would have been another way to assess faculty philosophy and to demonstrate what a school believes is basic and fundamental to the discipline (Blanchard and Christ, 1993, p. 92). However, after two years of surveys and discussion, even the Oregon Report (1987) suggested only broad-based communication competencies--general literacy, visual literacy, computer literacy, information-gathering ability, media-writing capability--not specific outcomes. At the University of Michigan, the two-year Professional Preparation Network (Stark and Lowther, 1988) also recommended general competencies that overlap or expand the Oregon Report. Scanning the course titles in a curriculum, or examining syllabi for these courses, did not reveal outcomes of interest here, the actual mass communication-related understandings of graduating seniors, and the fit of these understandings to those of their instructors. The Professional Preparation Network (Stark and Lowther, 1988, p. 23) concluded that journalism educators should expect students to learn to identify, understand, and critique the media's values in courses common to mass communication programs across the country. Despite different emphases at different institutions, mass communication majors should learn media value systems in ethics courses, restrictions and regulation in law courses, impact of the media in media and society courses, leadership in management, internship and capstone courses, and "scholarly concern for improvement" in research and communication theory courses (Christ and McCall, 1974). Mass communication programs have been admonished to distinguish themselves nationally, and to contribute to their local campuses through "the promotion of media literacy and the fostering of freedom of expression" (Oregon Report, p. …


In this work, we explore the existence of traversable wormhole solutions supported by double gravitational layer thin-shells and satisfying the Null Energy Condition (NEC) throughout the whole spacetime, in a quadratic-linear form of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity. We start by showing that for a particular quadratic-linear form of the action, the junction conditions on the continuity of the Ricci scalar $R$ and the Palatini Ricci scalar $\mathcal R$ of the theory can be discarded without the appearance of undefined distribution terms in the field equations. As a consequence, a double gravitational layer thin-shell arises at the separation hypersurface. We then outline a general method to find traversable wormhole solutions satisfying the NEC at the throat and provide an example. Finally, we use the previously derived junction conditions to match the interior wormhole solution to an exterior vacuum and asymptotic flat solution, thus obtaining a full traversable wormhole solution supported by a double gravitational layer thin-shell and satisfying the NEC. Unlike the wormhole solutions previously obtained in the scalar-tensor representation of this theory, which were scarce and required fine-tuning, the solutions obtained through this method are numerous and exist for a wide variety of metrics and actions.


Do the laws of war govern the September 11 attacks? Did the attacks constitute "war crimes"? These questions are difficult because they touch upon complex legal problems involving deep conceptual ambiguities in international humanitarian law. It is unclear under what conditions the laws of war apply. This ambiguity arises from the combination of two related developments in the laws of war: (1) The laws of war now govern de facto as well as de jure warfare; and (2) the laws of war now govern internal as well as international armed conflict. The central difficulty is how best to define the scope and content of international humanitarian rules applicable in non-international armed conflict. In this Article, I argue that the September 11 attacks violated the Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions; and that this determination has important consequences for both U.S. antiterrorism policy and international humanitarian law. Careful scrutiny of the treaty text, structure, and history of the potentially applicable laws of war strongly supports the conclusion that the terrorist attacks of September 11 constituted the initiation or confirmation of an "armed conflict" within the meaning of international law; and that the attacks were "war crimes." The dual concerns that animate the scope and content of Common Article 3 - humanitarian protection and state sovereignty - are best served by this reading of "armed conflicts not of an international character." The laws of war offer a proven, durable mode of imposing principled constraints on organized violence. This widely-accepted, fully articulated normative framework should guide efforts to fashion an effective, humane response to new forms of organized violence - including catastrophic terrorism.


Leadership development is a life-long process, but support for this process should be started at an early stage. All learners have the gift for leadership, but most do not realise this gift. Adolescence is a time when the leadership potential of individuals must be awakened – it provides an opportunity to help adolescents to became the leaders they already are. The main aim of this study was to devise strategies – through structured survey studies – that could be used by schools and individuals to enhance youth leadership development. The aims that emerged were to determine and describe the current state of affairs regarding youth leadership development in certain schools. Obstacles in the way of effective leadership development were identified and strategies for effective leadership development were formulated. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, undertaken from a structured survey study perspective within an interpretivistic research paradigm, was used. The problem that was researched was the absence of purposeful youth leadership development and how this shortcoming could be addressed in the context of a high school environment, with the support of the necessary development strategies. This study attempted to identify new knowledge that can be used to address the challenges related to youth leadership. The research confirmed the research question that deficient purposeful leadership development strategies exist at school level. This formed the basis for the implementation of a dynamic and flexible leadership development model that includes aspects of both the Quality Leadership and Stage model of youth leadership development. The proposed youth leadership strategies can be applied effectively to address youth leadership development within the current South African context.


The in-memory algorithms for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) have achieved great success for fast high-recall search, but are extremely expensive when handling very large scale database. Thus, there is an increasing request for the hybrid ANNS solutions with small memory and inexpensive solid-state drive (SSD). In this paper, we present a simple but efficient memory-disk hybrid indexing and search system, named SPANN, that follows the inverted index methodology. It stores the centroid points of the posting lists in the memory and the large posting lists in the disk. We guarantee both disk-access efficiency (low latency) and high recall by effectively reducing the disk-access number and retrieving high-quality posting lists. In the index-building stage, we adopt a hierarchical balanced clustering algorithm to balance the length of posting lists and augment the posting list by adding the points in the closure of the corresponding clusters. In the search stage, we use a query-aware scheme to dynamically prune the access of unnecessary posting lists. Experiment results demonstrate that SPANN is 2$\times$ faster than the state-of-the-art ANNS solution DiskANN to reach the same recall quality $90\%$ with same memory cost in three billion-scale datasets. It can reach $90\%$ recall@1 and recall@10 in just around one millisecond with only 32GB memory cost. Code is available at: {\footnotesize\color{blue}{\url{https://github.com/microsoft/SPTAG}}}.


Panic Anxiety is the number one mental health problem for women and second only to drug abuse among men. Synthetic tranquilizers can alleviate the symptoms of anxiety illnesses. However, in order to achieve lasting emotional tranquility, a significant lifestyle change must be made. The Anxiety Cure provides proven, natural strategies for overcoming panic disorder and finding an emotional balance in today's fast-paced world.


There are numerous reports on the role of oxidative stress in the origin of some neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) diseases; however, the information concerning molecular mechanisms of the observed effects is rather contradictory. This paper summarizes the review of our own works in this field and new experimental observations on the antioxidant action of some hydrophobic plant compounds. We discuss our hypothesis on the role of misfolded proteins in the regulation of the chaperone system involved in the genesis of amyloid neurodegenerative (prion and Alzheimer's) diseases, briefly describe the role of modification of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the inhibition of glycolysis and induction of the apoptosis of nerve cells, and suggest possible ways of the use of hydrophobic plant antioxidants for the prevention of amyloid transformation of proteins and other neurodegenerative processes.


In this study we propose a new system to detect the object from an input image. The proposed system first uses the separability filter proposed by Fukui and Yamaguchi (Trans. IEICE Japan J80-D-II. 8, 2170-2177, 1997) to obtain the best object candidates and next, the system uses the Circular Hough Transform (CHT) to detect the presence of circular shape. The main contribution of this work consists of using together two different techniques in order to take advantages from the peculiarity of each of them. As the results of the experiments, the object detection rate of the proposed system was 96% for 25 images by moving the circle template every 20 pixels to right and down.


Venture capital (VC) firms are increasingly facing issues related to restructuring their private portfolio companies, especially in the current economic environment. With the restructuring of private companies comes a diverse set of issues-both similar to and different from issues arising in public company restructurings-that need to be addressed. In particular, VC firms face issues pertaining to valuation, intellectual property rights (IPR), and executory contracts. The common thread through all of these issues is conflicts of interest that arise within the Board and between investors when a private company faces financial distress. This article addresses these issues as well as common methods to appropriately respond to some of these challenges.


Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) have substantially expanded the possibilities of advanced cellular imaging such as live-cell or super-resolution microscopy to visualize cellular antigens and their dynamics. In addition to their unique properties including small size, high stability, and solubility in many environments, sdAbs can be efficiently functionalized according to the needs of the respective imaging approach. Genetically encoded intrabodies fused to fluorescent proteins (chromobodies) have become versatile tools to study dynamics of endogenous proteins in living cells. Additionally, sdAbs conjugated to organic dyes were shown to label cellular structures with high density and minimal fluorophore displacement making them highly attractive probes for super-resolution microscopy. Here, we review recent advances of the chromobody technology to visualize localization and dynamics of cellular targets and the application of chromobody-based cell models for compound screening. Acknowledging the emerging importance of super-resolution microscopy in cell biology, we further discuss advantages and challenges of sdAbs for this technology.


We test for pollution haven effects in outward foreign direct investment (FDI) for different sectors using a comprehensive and exhaustive dataset for outward FDI from the Netherlands, one of the most environmentally stringent countries and a major source of global FDI. Our evidence suggests that in the sectors natural resources extraction and refining, construction, retail, food processing, beverages and tobacco, and utilities, a less stringent environmental policy in the host country significantly attracts FDI. What is important for these pollution haven effects is not only regulation but also enforcement of environmental policy. In contrast to earlier results, it is not only footloose industries that display pollution haven effects, but also the traditional pollution-intensive industries. But for the sectors machines, electronics and automotive and transportation and communication a more stringent and better enforced environmental policy attracts more FDI as this may help their reputation for sustainable management and CSR. These sectors display green haven effects. These findings have important implications for the sector distribution of FDI in destination countries.


Introduction: Celecoxib and quercetin are reported as an anticancer agent in different malignancies. In present investigation, we have screened celecoxib and quercetin in different human hepatocarcinoma cells such as MDBK, HepG2 and Huh-7 for anticancer activity.
Methods: In present study, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells grown on medium treated with quercetin and celecoxib. In this effect on apoptosis and cell growth has been evaluated with help of by MTT assay and apoptosis in MDBK, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells and DAPI staining in MDBK cells. The apoptotic pathway induction by treatment group assessed with Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressional changes.
Results: Quercetin and celecoxib significantly increased apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma MDBK, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Further, Bcl-2 and Bax-1 protein expression has been studied in MDBK cells exposed to treatments. The immunofluorescence of DAPI showed inhibition in proliferation human liver cancer cells by celecoxib and quercetin.
Conclusion: In conclusion, quercetin and celecoxib showed increase in apoptosis and decrease in hepatocellular proliferation. Further, immunofluorescence showed increase in fluorescence levels of treatment group confirmed apoptosis. The apoptosis might be through caspase pathway through changes in Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.


From 2008-2010, as part of the grant: 'DigCCurr I: Preserving Access to Our Digital Future: Building an International Digital Curation Curriculum' (DigCCurr I) funded through the Institute of Museum and Library Services, a number of fellows at the School of Information and Library Science (SILS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) were comprehensively trained by library and archive professionals in digital curation theory and practice. This paper examines the curriculum skill areas matrix of the DigCCurr I program from the perspective of two former fellows, now employed in professional positions that utilize digital curation principles. Each fellow offers an analysis of digital curation functions and subfunctions as they relate to her current position, deriving suggestions for future iterations of the DigCCurr program and other graduate programs meant to prepare digital curators. While DigCCurr has been reported by its creators, a group of seasoned digital curation professionals and educators from around the world, this paper provides a fresh perspective from graduates of the program who are applying their newly learned digital curation skills and knowledge in the workforce.


This Master's thesis shows experimentally how colloidal particles in leaky dielectric liquid drops are actively structured by applying a DC electric eld. Colloidal particles in small droplets with a diameter of 100 m show similar structuring to what has previously been observed on bigger drops (1 mm), showing ribbon formation, spinning domains and pupil eects. It is shown how electrohydrodynamic assembly of colloidal particles on a drop surface depends on the electric eld strength, and how this enables fast assembly of the particles. The particles used in the experiments are clay particles, layered double hydroxides and insulating beads. The layered double hydroxides show similar structuring to the clay particles. The results suggest that active con- trol of colloidal particles on leaky-dielectric drops by an electric eld can lead to new ways of producing Janus shells and other 'smart armoured' droplets.


Previous judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion in context have provided mixed results. These contradictory findings arise, in part, because of a lack of consideration of the different aspects of context with which facial expressions of emotion can be combined, and different meanings of face-context pairings vis-a`-vis real-life phenomena. In this paper, we provide a framework of how faces and contexts combine and describe possible meanings of consistent and inconsistent face-context pairings. We also discuss methodological caveats that should be considered in the conduct of such judgment studies. We argue that future research in this area will benefit not from more studies of different combinations of stimuli created merely because we have the technological ability to create them, but instead from careful consideration of the ecological validity of the various types of combinations that can be produced, and their meaning.


This review introduces dynamic assessment and its state of the art in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mainstream static diagnostics focus on the current state of abilities. Current test performance can be misleading if an individual's potential is not fully developed. It also does not provide information about the possibilities of effective intervention. The dynamic assessment focuses on the potential for further development.
This text describes the essential characteristics of dynamic assessment and its types of use. Provided is a brief historical context of L. S. Vygotsky, who is, with R. Feuerstein, considered to be the founder of the field of dynamic assessment. The survey of the academic texts in the Czech and Slovak language is included.
A substantial section introduces methods available in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Feuerstein's Learning Propensity Assessment Device (LPAD), Tzuriel's methods, Lidz's Application of Cognitive Functioning Scale (ACFS), Fabio's Test of Intellectual Potential (TIP), and Džuka's Dynamic Test of Latent Learning Abilities in 6-8-Year-Old Children (DTLUS 6-8). Dynamic assessment is an evolving and perspective field. Nevertheless, its potential is not entirely fulfilled, and it remains at the periphery of practice.


Hot strip rolling production is a high-speed process which requires high-speed control and communication system, but because of the long distance between the delivery stand of the finishing mill and the gauge meter, dead time occurs when strip is transported from the site of the actuator to another location where the gauge meter takes its reading, which seriously affects the thickness control effect. According to the process model which is developed based on the measured data, a filtered Smith predictor is applied to predict the thickness deviation of the finishing mill. At the same time, an expert PI controller based on feature information is proposed for the strip thinning during looper rising and coiler biting period and the strip thickening during the tension loss period of the strip tail end. As a result, the thickness accuracy has been improved by about 1.06% at a steady rolling speed and about 1.23% in acceleration and deceleration.


We conducted a transmission electron microscope study of the exsolution microstructures of Ca‐rich pyroxenes in type I chondrules from the Paris CM and Renazzo CR carbonaceous chondrites in order to provide better constraints on the cooling history of type I chondrules. Our study shows a high variability of composition in the augite grains at a submicrometer scale, reflecting nonequilibrium crystallization. The microstructure is closely related to the local composition and is thus variable inside augite grains. For compositions inside the pyroxene miscibility gap, with a wollastonite (Wo) content typically below 40 mole%, the augite grains contain abundant exsolution lamellae on (001). For grain areas with composition close to Wo40, a modulated texture on (100) and (001) is the dominant microstructure, while areas with compositions higher than Wo40 do not show any exsolution microstructure development. To estimate the cooling rate, we used the spacing of the exsolution lamellae on (001), for which the growth is diffusion controlled and thus sensitive to the cooling rate. Despite the relatively homogeneous microstructures of augite grains with Wo < 35 mole%, our study of four chondrules suggests a range of cooling rates from ~10 to ~1000 °C h−1, within the temperature interval 1200–1350 °C. These cooling rates are comparable to those of type II chondrules, i.e., 1–1000 °C h−1. We conclude that the formation of type I and II chondrules in the proto‐solar nebula was the result of a common mechanism.


Minnesota joined with California, Virginia, and the FHWA in a pooled fund consortium (the Infrastructure Consortium) dedicated to improving intersection safety. The Minnesota team's objective is to develop effective strategies to mitigate high crash rates at rural intersections. Rural Intersection Decision Support (IDS) focuses on enhancing the driver's ability to successfully negotiate rural intersections. The system uses sensing and communication technology to identify safe gaps in traffic on a high-speed rural expressway and communicate this information to drivers waiting to enter the intersection from a minor intersecting road. The goal of this system is to improve safety without introducing traffic signals, which on high-speed rural roads often lead to an increase in rear-end crashes. The Rural IDS research program achieved four main research results: an analysis of rural expressway intersections, including development of a technique to identify those with higher-than-expected crash rates; development of a statistical model that can be used to estimate the benefits of deploying IDS at a specific rural intersection; design and implementation of a rural intersection surveillance and data acquisition system capable of quantifying the behavior of drivers; and a task analysis, design study, and simulator-based evaluation of Driver Infrastructure Interface (DII) concepts for communicating relevant information to stopped drivers.


Inspired by feminist post-structural thinking and with a discourse analytic approach, this study's main theme is gendered identity, disability and sport. It consists of four separate, but interrelated, empirical studies and focuses on two research questions. Firstly, how do female and male wheelchair racers construct and perform their identities? Secondly, how are female and male wheelchair racers represented in Swedish sports media? To answer the research questions, semi-structured interviews with wheelchair racers, and a critical analysis of sports media texts from the Paralympics in Sydney, 2000 have been conducted. In this dissertation the composition of unwritten regulations produced by the media texts, that shaped the practice of wheelchair athletes was conceptualized as the discourse of able-ism. Findings indicate that the sports media texts constructed the subject of 'disabled sportsman/sportswoman', which indirectly reproduced the conception of a copy and not an original. The exclusion was, however, concealed and neutralized through the regulation and differentiation that the discourse of able-ism legitimated. Although sports media still seems to reinforce negative stereotypes of disabled athletes, the wheelchair racers themselves are challenging the gender, sport and disability discourses and establishing new ways of being physically powerful and excellent in and outside the sports arena. In fact, when the athletes got the opportunity to make their voices heard in media, they re-dressed the twisted picture of wheelchair racing as passive rehabilitation training into elite sport. Consequently, it seems that wheelchair racing and its high status in disability sports empowers both male and female racers which increases their possibility to be represented as 'real' sportsmen and sportwomen. Finally, although, the athletes have shown that wheelchair racing has a given place in modern sport, 'being able' as an athlete and being a gendered individual are still strongly connected to the appearance and performance of the un-impaired body.


Liberalisation of electricity markets, changing patterns in the generation and use of electricity, and new technologies are some of the factors that result in increased uncertainty about the future operating requirements of an electric power system. In this context, planning for future investments in a power system requires careful consideration of risk and reliability, and of the metrics with which these are measured. This paper highlights the need for consideration of a broader class of approaches to risk and reliability that have hitherto tended not to be an explicit part of the system development process in the electricity industry. We discuss a high level conceptual model that shows sources of uncertainty and modes of control for system operators and planners and offers a broad-brush approach to highlight risks at the planning stage. We argue that there is a need for new risk-informed criteria to help evaluate the necessary investments in electricity transmission systems. We further argue that the risk models that are developed for this purpose need to take better account of overall societal impact than is captured by traditional measures such as loss of load probability and loss of load expectation; societal impact should take account of frequencies of events with different levels of consequences, distinguishing, for example, between multiple small events and a single large event. This leads to discussion of a "disutility criterion" which has been previously studied in a health and safety context to distinguish between risk aversion and disaster aversion. This approach is new in the context of power systems.


This essay seeks to introduce the reader to two works by the philologist Franciscus Junius (1590-1677) on the history, theory, and language of the praise and criticism of the fine arts in classical antiquity, De Pictura Veterum (or, in Junius' own English translation, The Painting of the Ancients) and the Catalogus Architectorm, Mechanicorum, sed paecipue Pictorum, Statuariorum... et Operum quae fecerunt. These books, once considered on indispensable guide to the study of classical archaeology and the development of an informed and just love of art, experienced a remarkable change of fortune in the course of the nineteenth century and are now rather forgotten even though, together, they still remain the richest and most perceptive collection and interpretation of passages from classical literature which address themselves to or, more often, deal in passing with the fine arts or with works of art. The chief purpose of Junius' work is to create or recreate, by the presentation of ancient texts in the form of a coherent argument, a kind of constitution for the exercise of the fine arts in which delight, dignity, and social usefulness are naturally joined.

Junius, who does not attempt to be original but rather just and thorough, joins the theorists, as well as some of the greatest artists of the Renaissance, in taking the philosophers' suspicions of art (joined by the strictures of religion) most seriously. It is here proposed that the value of his moral, but by no means pedantic, system of the arts can only be appreciated if we too (guided, perhaps, by Sir Philip Sidney's Defense of Poetry) will reconsider the justice of these charges. Junius' work gains a particular significance because it was written at the court of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel who was, next to the king, the greatest collector of works of art and antiquities in England. Arundel's love of art was not a mere passion but an aspect of his comprehension of his grandeur. His purpose was unquestionably informed by Castiglione's Courtier, whose book also is a guide to the better understanding of Junius' argument concerning the blessings of art in the life of a nation. The essay also reviews, in passing, the connection of Junius to the Leiden school of humanistic studies, notably of his father, Franciscus Junius the Elder, and of J. G. Vossius, his brother in law, who also was his mentor. It continues with a consideration of the changing purposes of archaeological studies which brought about the decline and eventually the eclipse of the reputation of Junius' work. These changes are traced to Winckelmann's and Lessing's (somewhat conflicting) objections to some of the premises of Junius' work and the credibility of certain of his best witnesses from antiquity itself. In the end his view of history and the redeeming role of art in a timeless structure of truth is confronted with the truths of modern historicism which, at best, will look upon Junius' educational hopes (if it deigns to notice them) as a time-bound, if be autiful, illusion.

Among the works of art considered in the essay are Van Dyck's " Madagascar Portrait" in Vienna and its copy at Knole, Adriaen van der Werffs frontispiece to the 1694 edition of De Pictura Veterum, Rembrandt's " Aristotle with the Head of Homer", and Rubens "Outbreak of War".

Junius' two books on art (edited and, in part, translated by the late Keith Aldrich, Raina Fehl, and the writer of this essay), will be published in 1982-1983 by the University of California Press under the collective title The Literature of Classical Art.


Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase responsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minorities. However, what good representation should be is debated. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. While the two forms start from different normative assumptions, they both suggest the same impact of high degrees of representation: increased political interest, higher electoral participation and better minority inclusion. We examine the degree of representation of cantonal citizens in the Swiss national parliament. Our results suggest that the cantons differ concerning substantive and descriptive representation. The two forms seem to be mutually exclusive. Testing for the different impacts, the results suggest a better performance of descriptive representation fostering political interest and weakening the attenuating impact of gender on the formation of political interest. Our contribution should be understood as a tentative draft for a more in-depth analysis of political representation in Switzerland.


A Review of:
Kolstad, A. (2017). Students' learning outcomes from cross-collaborative supervision in information seeking processes during work placements. Nordic Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education, 9(1), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.15845/noril.v9i1.231
Abstract
Objective – To analyze the effect of collaborative interdisciplinary teaching and supervision using physical and digital tools on students' information literacy (IL) and evidence based practice (EBP) abilities.
Design – Qualitative and quantitative text analysis.
Setting – Learning Centre at Oslo University College and student work placements in Oslo, Norway.
Subjects – Approximately 400 students enrolled in the undergraduate nursing degree programme.
Methods – The author is a librarian and project manager of the Langerud project, an initiative wherein nursing students were jointly trained and supervised by nurse educators, nurse supervisors, and librarians in preparation for and during work placements over an eight-week period. In this role, the librarian author collected 36 student group assignments, 285 blog/wiki comments from students, nurse educators, nurse supervisors, and librarians, and 102 individual student logs written during six work placements between Spring 2010 and Spring 2012, which were posted in a learning management system (LMS), as well as in an evaluation form from Spring 2010. The unstructured text is analyzed according to how the students fulfilled the learning outcome of integrating steps zero to four of the seven-step EBP model: (1) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry; (2) Ask clinical questions in the PICO format; (3) Search for the best evidence; (4) Critically appraise the evidence; and (5) Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values. The logs are also analyzed quantitatively to measure if and how many students combined the three aspects of EBP - defined as being the practitioner's individual expertise, best research evidence, and client values and expectations. Lastly, the author seeks to evaluate the role of the LMS as a mediating tool.
Main Results – The author found that the majority (83%) of students successfully met the learning outcome, particularly for steps 1, 2, and 5. For step three, the author observed that some students did not apply PICO in the information-seeking process and were thus not sufficiently thorough in their searching. For step four, the author found that most students failed to demonstrate critical appraisal of the evidence and that many struggled to find up-to-date research findings. The author noted that the results for both steps three and four could be attributed to the students finding international databases and English-language research articles too challenging, given the language barrier. The author's analysis of the logs reveals that two-thirds of the students combined the 3 aspects of EBP and that 39% described 1 or 2 aspects, of which most described user-based knowledge and experience-based knowledge. One department produced twice as many log entries as the other seven departments; in this department, students were able to choose what aspect of EBP to focus on and the librarian had a co-teaching role in that learning group. Overall, 60% of all students described research-based knowledge, which increased over time from 46% in Spring 2011, to 60% in Autumn 2011, and 83% in Spring 2012. On the evaluation form from Spring 2010, most students rated the supervision by and satisfaction with the nurse educator, nurse supervisor, and librarian as good, very good, or excellent, and many commented that the LMS was a useful learning platform.
Conclusion – The author concludes that the project had a positive impact on students' preparedness for work placements and that the early educational intervention improved IL and EBP competencies. Furthermore, the working relationship between the Nursing Department and Library was strengthened. After the Langerud project ended, the curriculum was revised to add more searching for research-based information in written assignments. Additionally, a lecture on EBP was developed based on real-life experiences from the project and delivered collaboratively by the project's manager, a nurse educator, and a librarian.


Malay traditional music is a Malaysian heritage that needs to be preserved in order to maintain the identity of Malaysia. However, these kinds of music especially caklempong traditional music is still unfamiliar among younger generation. Traditional music has facing an issue since generation nowadays are preferred on popular music rather than these kinds of music. Therefore, the aimed of this research was to preserve the caklempong traditional music by translating it into a musical mobile game in instilling Malaysian youths' interest on traditional music. This research was conducted to measure the youths' awareness towards this music, to identify the most appropriate game design contents in designing a caklempong music mobile game and to measure the effectiveness of caklempong mobile game application in encouraging Malaysian youths' interests towards this music. In order to conduct the research, a Waterfall model has been adapted as research framework of the whole research flow. The phases have involved both qualitative and quantitative method which comprised of pilot study, design prototype, pre and post-test. In pilot study, the survey questionnaires have been distributed randomly to 81 respondents via online surveys in order to achieve the first and second research objectives. Besides, the interview sessions were conducted with 5 interviewees to collect data regarded to the main issue. The result collected from this pilot study were respondents' level of awareness on traditional music and their preferences on game design contents. Based on the result of pilot survey, the prototype was designed based on respondents' preferences in order to be tested in the pre-test. Pre and post-test were conducted using cluster sampling at three higher education institutions in Shah Alam; UiTM, Unisel and MSU by testing the prototype and distributing questionnaires at random sample of 20-25 years old students. The result of pre-test has been used to redesign the prototype to be tested in post-test. The data collected from the post-test has showed that mobile game is an effective medium to entice youths' interest towards traditional music.


BACKGROUND
Living matter has its own 'biological time': a set of rhythmic oscillations, paced by genes whose expression varies over regular cycles. The resulting chronomes, or time structures, are usually studied in living matter. A human chronome is preserved long after death in the structure of tooth enamel. This fossil record can be compared with contemporary enamel thus providing insight into an ancient biological rhythm, and consequently into behavior in pre-historic civilizations.

MATERIAL/METHODS
Eight adult 3rd molar teeth from human burials in Atacama oases of Northern Chile, dating from AD 400 to 900 and belonging to the pre-Hispanic San Pedro culture, were compared to 20 discarded contemporaneous teeth from Albuquerque, N. M. USA. Two adjacent, 100 mm thick ground sections from each tooth were examined using a stereoscopic dissecting microscope and polarized light. The intervals between consecutive brown striae of Retzius (TBS) and the width of the enamel were measured. We recorded the number of TBS and the number of Wilson's bands and calculated a ratio of enamel width/number of TBS for each section. We used ANOVA for statistical analysis and cosinor methodology for chronomics, time structure (chronome) mapping.

RESULTS
The 'biological week' in the chronome (time structure) of ancient enamel, gauged by TBS, varied according to a multiseptan (multiple of seven) component faster than did the multiseptan of contemporaneous teeth (1/2.7 versus 1/4.6 biological weeks).

CONCLUSIONS
Until now no human chronome has been isolated from fossilized structures. Our discovery indicates that behavior of ancient populations, such as rest and work spans, can be deduced to some extent after millennia.


This contribution deals with the role of the European Council in the institutional framework of the European Union, as it has been laid down by the Lisbon Treaty. It focuses on its rising influence, even beyond the wording of the Treaty, and the increasing criticism stimulated by this evolution. In reviewing the main relevant issues and critical viewpoints related to the European Council, some aspects are considered in depth: the increasing institutionalisation of the European Council and its critical position with regard to the management of the economic and financial crisis and to the ongoing process of "politicisation" of the Union. The discussion also considers comparative constitutional data and organic proposal of reform of the institutional architecture of the EU.


The heterogeneity of Arctic vegetation can make land cover classification very difficult when using medium to small resolution imagery (Schneider et al., 2009; Muller et al., 1999). Using high radiometric and spatial resolution imagery, such as the SPOT 5 and IKONOS satellites, have helped arctic land cover classification accuracies rise into the 80 and 90 percentiles (Allard, 2003; Stine et al., 2010; Muller et al., 1999). However, those increases usually come at a high price. High resolution imagery is very expensive and can often add tens of thousands of dollars onto the cost of the research. The EO-1 satellite launched in 2002 carries two sensors that have high spectral and/or high spatial resolutions and can be an acceptable compromise between the resolution versus cost issues. The Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor with the capability of collecting 242 spectral bands of information. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) is an advanced multispectral sensor whose spatial resolution can be sharpened to 10 meters. This dissertation compares the accuracies of arctic land cover classifications produced by the Hyperion and ALI sensors to the classification accuracies produced by the Systeme Pour l' Observation de le Terre (SPOT), the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors. Hyperion and ALI images from August 2004 were collected over the Upper Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska. Image processing included the stepwise discriminant analysis of pixels that were positively classified from coinciding ground control points, geometric and radiometric correction, and principle component analysis. Finally, stratified random sampling was used to perform accuracy assessments on satellite derived land cover classifications. Accuracy was estimated from an error matrix (confusion matrix) that provided the overall, producer's and user's accuracies. This research found that while the Hyperion sensor produced classification accuracies that were equivalent to the TM and ETM+ sensor (approximately 78%), the Hyperion could not obtain the accuracy of the SPOT 5 HRV sensor. However, the land cover classifications derived from the ALI sensor exceeded most classification accuracies derived from the TM and ETM+ sensors and were even comparable to most SPOT 5 HRV classifications (87%). With the deactivation of the Landsat series satellites, the monitoring of remote locations such as in the Arctic on an uninterrupted basis throughout the world is in jeopardy. The utilization of the Hyperion and ALI sensors are a way to keep that endeavor operational. By keeping the ALI sensor active at all times, uninterrupted observation of the entire Earth can be accomplished. Keeping the Hyperion sensor as a "tasked" sensor can provide scientists with additional imagery and options for their studies without overburdening storage issues.


The number of persons suffering from dementia is increasing, and there is significant human and economic value to gain by enabling them to keep living independently in their homes. The top priority unmet need is for memory support. This paper introduces context-awareness and life-logging in a system using reminiscence therapy methods, embodied as an ICT memory aid for recording past, current and future activities, which can later be recalled. The tool may help build or maintain episodic memories and self-image, although evidence in this area is lacking. It is designed to also give direct and instrumental support in other priority needs areas. A prototype design is described for a system that is by necessity extremely easy to use, with a touch screen computer in the home and mobile devices for data capture and cognitive support. The main life-log entities associated with the logged activities are places, persons, personal items, and recorded media. Privacy, trust and dignity are key ethical issues.


Historically, silicone joint dimensioning is calculated with a simplified equation implemented in various standards for structural glazing. This equation assumes homogeneous stress distribution along the sealant bite whilst high local stress peaks, structure deformation or material ageing are included in a global safety factor. Safeguards such as a maximum authorized deflection (1%) and aspect ratio to respect (between 1 and 3) have been given to ensure the validity of the used equations. However new trends in commercial buildings such as the use of large dimensions glass panes or stronger engineering performance requirements such as high windloads above 5000Pa lead to the non-respect of these guidelines and the impossibility to use the simplified equation. An improved mathematical relationship making a direct correspondence between a joint included in a facade system and the behavior of a test piece was recently proposed by the authors. The goal of this article is to further validate the proposed relationship by confronting predictions with physical measurements on various test samples and the results from FEA modeling. The domain of validity of the simplified equation and the improved equation will be developed.


In this paper, we describe how we conducted in-depth empirical research about the value-background and coping strategies of ecologically-oriented enterprises in Hungary. It is a common belief that companies that have an ecological orientation are at a disadvantage on competitive markets because ethical and environmentally-friendly behaviour can generate costs and lessen competitive advantages. Hence, a pro-ecology stance is at odds with competitiveness. The paper presents theoretical arguments and empirical results which suggest that ecologically-oriented enterprises can survive and even prosper in competitive environments. Research findings highlighted two preconditions which make the survival and prosperity of ecologically-oriented businesses possible. The first is that ecologically-oriented businesses are intrinsically motivated to follow their environmental and ethical goals. The second is that these businesses define success multi-dimensionally. Their definition of success includes consideration of whether their stakeholders are flourishing and whether the environment is being conserved and restored.


The performance of subsurface target identification algorithms using data from time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors is investigated. The response of time-domain EMI sensors to the presence of a conducting object may be modeled as a weighted sum of decaying exponential signals. Although the weights associated with each of the modes are dependent on the target/sensor orientation, the decay rates are a function of the target's composition and geometry and therefore are intrinsic to the target. Since the decay rates are not dependent on target/sensor orientation or other unobservable parameters, decay rate estimation has previously been proposed as a viable method for target identification. The performance attained with Bayesian target identification algorithms operating on the entire time-domain signal and decay rate estimates is compared through both numerical simulations and application to experimental data. The decay rate estimates utilized in the numerical simulations are assumed to achieve the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which provides a lower bound on the variance of an unbiased parameter estimate. The simulations as well as results obtained with experimental data show that processing the entire time-domain signal provides better target identification and discrimination performance than processing decay rate estimates.


Health care practitioners have known for some time that patients benefit from specific manual intervention effects, but also from the manner in which these are presented. The latter at times having as much impact on patient health as the former. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the clinical ritual during instrument assisted adjusting whilst managing mechanical lower back pain. The study was a randomized prospective study comprising of sixty participants aged 18-59. These individuals were randomly allocated into two groups of thirty and then further stratified to control for gender. Both Groups were diagnosed according to the Activator Methods Chiropractic Technique (AMCT), however the tension was set at maximum for group A, whilst the device was set to the minimum tension for group B. Each patient received three treatments and one follow up visit over a two-week period. Subjective data was collected at the first, third and follow up visit. Subjective data was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the Roland Morris Questionnaire and the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Outcomes were analysed through with the SPSS statistical package at a 95% level of confidence. After analysis of the collected data it was found that there was no statistical difference between the groups, but there was a non-specific trend suggesting a better outcome in the full tension activator group (Group A). Thus, the research indicated that patients perceptions, the patient-practitioner relationship, and the assumption of an outcome of success as well as the power of placebo or non-specific effects play a large role in the managing of lower back pain in a chiropractic environment.


The mechanism by which TCR signaling activates NF-kappaB is poorly understood. We demonstrate here that the IKK kinase complex is recruited to the immunological synapse and can be coprecipitated with the TCR after T cell activation. Using ZAP-70-deficient T cells expressing a hybrid molecule between the SH2 domain of ZAP-70 and NEMO/IKKgamma, we showed that targeting NEMO to the immunological synapse, and more specifically its 120 N-terminal amino acids, was sufficient to selectively restore NF-kappaB activation in response to TCR ligation. Finally, we demonstrated that targeting of NEMO to the membrane of T cells was sufficient to induce constitutive NF-kappaB activation. This study shows that the localization of NEMO to the immunological synapse is important for TCR-induced NF-kappaB activation and offers a powerful system to dissect the NF-kappaB cascade in T cells.


The effect of exchange rate, interest rate and dividend of share price on banking sector which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2013-2017. Essay. Tegal: Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Pancasakti Tegal,2018. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of investors in considering stock prices in the banking sector in 2013-2017. Hypothesis in this research is 1) exchange rate effect on stock price. 2) interest rates affect the stock price. 3) dividend pershare effect on stock price. 4) exchange rate, interest rate and dividend pershare simultaneously affect the stock price. The population used in this study is a banking company that publishes stock prices listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The sample in this research are 21 banking companies. With technique of sampling using purposive sampling. The data in this research is quantitative data. Sources of data in this study are secondary sources obtained from the share price of an annual banking company published in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2017. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques. Data analysis method using descriptive statistic, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination, then obtained the result of research that the exchange rate does not have a significant effect on stock prices, the interest rate does not significantly influence the stock price, against stock price, exchange rate, interest rate and dividend pershare have significant effect to stock price. Keywords: Rate, Interest Rate, Dividend Pershare, Stock Price


[Source: Judgement by the Preliminary Hearing Judge, Rome Military Tribunal, 9 May 2007, n. 33, in the criminal trial against Allocca Raffaele and Stival Fabio; Aggravated use of weapons against an ambulance and its staff (Articles 47 and 191 of the Military Criminal Code Applicable in Time of War; Article 47 (2) and (5) of the Military Criminal Code Applicable in Time of Peace; Article 110 of the Criminal Code); available at http://www.difesa.it/GiustiziaMilitare/RassegnaGM/Bimestrale/2008/Pagine/SentGUP-Trib-mil-Roma-9maggio2007-allocca-stival.aspx [1], unofficial translation]


Information asymmetry is a condition wherein one party in a relationship has more or better information than another. The information asymmetry concept is widely diffused throughout management research, and its existence is a core assumption within leading theories on organizations. Despite information asymmetry's central role, however, there have been no systematic reviews of the management literature using the concept. As a result, there is no established level of knowledge of information asymmetry as a management concept, nor is there a unified basis for directing future research leveraging the concept. In response, we review 223 relevant articles from leading management journals and develop a framework for organizing and assessing information asymmetry research. We consolidate understanding of information asymmetry's meaning, conceptual applications, roles in different theoretical models, antecedents, and how focal actors' self-interests influence the selection of mechanisms for managing it. Further, we highlight opportunities for extensions to core management theories and specify research prospects within several management subfields. Overall, the framework can help guide researchers as they work to advance understanding of one of the management field's most ubiquitous concepts.


Structure of Collisional Metamorphism, Soft-Sediment Deformation, and Low-Angle Normal Faulting in the Beaver Dam Mountains Jacob Isaac Voorhees Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science Precambrian metamorphic rocks in the Beaver Dam Mountains display asymmetric, isoclinal folds with consistent fold axes plunging to the NW. These folds are parasitic and have a recursive nature that occurs on wavelengths from centimeters to perhaps kilometers as part of a NW-SE striking shear zone. The vergence of the folds indicates oblique shearing with a transport direction plunging 29° to the south. This shear zone may be associated with the collision of Yavapai Province island arcs with Laurentia. Structurally overlying, and adjacent to the metamorphic rocks are allochthonous and attenuated Mississippian limestone blocks and other strata debated to be either the result of mega-landsliding or fragments of the hanging wall rocks above a low-angle normal fault. We document previously unreported cataclastic damage zones tens of meters thick, an anastomosing zone of greenschist facies alteration hundreds of meters thick, and polished lowangle fault surfaces beneath these blocks. Other observations previously used to support a mega-landslide hypothesis are blocks of Redwall Limestone structurally overlying what was interpreted as Tertiary conglomerate. However, this contact is depositional, and the conglomerate is likely a sedimentary breccia facies of the Mississippian Redwall Limestone which is documented in several locations within the region. Additionally, some of the deformation and attenuation that was wrongly attributed to mega-landsliding or low-angle normal faulting is due to previously undocumented soft-sediment deformation. This deformation was gravity driven and accommodated by ductile granular flow, resulting in recumbent folds within the Mississippian Redwall Limestone and a prominent non-brittle detachment surface between the Redwall Limestone and the Cambrian Bonanza King Formation at Castle Cliff. This detachment was previously interpreted as the Castle Cliff Detachment, a low-angle normal fault, or as the slip surface of a landslide.


For any positive real number $\gamma$ and any positive integer $h$, there is $N_0$ such that the following holds. Let $N\ge N_0$ be such that $N$ is divisible by $h$. If $G$ is a tripartite graph with $N$ vertices in each vertex class such that every vertex is adjacent to at least $(2/3+ \gamma) N$ vertices in each of the other classes, then $G$ can be tiled perfectly by copies of $K_{h,h,h}$. This extends the work in [Discrete Math. 254 (2002), 289–308] and also gives a sufficient condition for tiling by any fixed 3-colorable graph. Furthermore, we show that the minimum-degree $(2/3+ \gamma) N$ in our result cannot be replaced by $2N/3+ h-2$.


Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, once had lowlands on both west and east periphery. The west periphery has already taken up by urbanization after constructing the flood embankment and in the eastern periphery it is on process of disappearing very fast. City is now expanding to this area which requires mandatory to keep open and low to take water from city for flooding alleviation. Lack of physical planning is very evident here which causes great degradation of the flooding and water logging situation of the city. At present master planning of the city following subdivision of land and provide little attention about water problem when zoning. Dhaka city was once gifted with rich system of water bodies and lowlands. Vast lowlands in both sides helped rivers to spread over wider area so the depth of flooding could remain low and contribute to balance water level by storing water before discharge into rivers. But, city is expanding drastically by grabbing all the least open areas in and around, and worsening the flooding scenario unbearable. Keeping these issues in mind this paper tried to understand the water system for the city, reasons for water (flooding, water logging) problems, role of eastern lowlands to control city's flooding situation. Finally, some innovative design strategies have been suggested for upcoming unavoidable development by understanding the water system and checking flood problem eventually ensuring environmental quality.


Catarrhines originated in Afro-Arabia during the Paleogene, and were restricted to this zoogeographic province until the early Miocene. During this period of isolation, several major clades of catarrhines originated. The pliopithecoids were the first catarrhines to migrate out of Africa at ~18–20 Ma, while contemporary proconsulids and dendropithecids may have been restricted to Afro-Arabia. Hominoids and Old World monkeys originated in Africa prior to 20 Ma, but neither clade became an important component of the catarrhine fauna until the middle to late Miocene. At ~15–17 Ma, hominoids expanded into Eurasia, while cercopithecids arrived somewhat later, during the late Miocene. The earliest catarrhines in Eurasia, Dionysopithecus and Platodontopithecus from Sihong in China (~17–18 Ma), represent the primitive sister group of all other pliopithecoids. From this ancestral stock in Asia, the more specialized pliopithecines extended their range westwards into Europe by ~16–17 Ma, where a pliopithecine-like common ancestor gave rise to the crouzeliines. The only known crouzeliine from Asia, Laccopithecus, from the late Miocene of China, points to a late arrival of this clade in the region. Small catarrhines from the middle Miocene of Pakistan (~16–17 Ma), and new material from China, may possibly have closer ties with dendropithecids, proconsulids, or hylobatids.


Advertising has long been regarded as providing reasons for consumers to buy. However, in academic research, the significant role of emotion has generally been neglected. Neuroscience research has made considerable advances in the study of emotion and has resulted in a reconsideration of the rational view of decision-making behaviour. In addition, a review of the marketing literature reveals that there is a missing link between repetitive emotions, mixed emotions, continuous measures of emotions and the dominant emotion. This thesis provides this link and proposes a new theoretical research construct: the consumer's emotional corridor

Self-reported measurements have been widely used to measure consumers' emotional responses to advertising stimuli or consumption-related experiences and have been a consistently popular method for practitioners and researchers. There is, however, a problem known as "cognitive bias" which often arises from self-reported measurements. Several researchers have highlighted the demand for the measurement of emotion to go beyond self-reported measurements and have called for collaboration with other research fields to advance consumer behaviour research in the study of emotion. This research collaborates with researchers in the field of human-computer interaction and suggests an alternative method: the Slogan Validator.

This research adopts a multi-strategy approach in combining qualitative research (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative research (survey and experiment). The purpose of the first stage of the research is to assist in defining criteria of cognitive appraisals that consumers use for advertising slogans and on validating the research model. The second stage involves conducting a survey research, which is called study one in this thesis. The main purpose of study one is to test the proposed research model. The third stage of the research methodology involves the Slogan Validator and self-reported measurements (which is called study two in this research). The main purpose of study two is to compare the results of self-reported measurements and the Slogan Validator in measuring emotions.

For study one, this research notes that there exist some differences in the types of determinants and their levels of influence on the attitude towards the advertisement, the attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention across four slogan cases. Nonetheless, the cognitive appraisal-outcome of desirability appears to be significant in all fourteen out of the sixteen models. In general, this factor plays the critical role in the advertising effectiveness. Moreover, the results of study one reveal that affective-related factors play the significant role in the advertising process in both the low and high involvement groups. For study two, the findings show that the results of the self-reported questionnaires and the Slogan Validator are almost completely different, except for the 'happy' emotion in the cases of McDonald's and Kentucky.

Implications, limitations and further research are discussed. The major contributions of this research are twofold. In terms of theoretical perspective, this research models consumers' emotional responses to advertising slogans integrated with the new theoretical research construct, the consumer's emotional corridor, and uncovers the determinants of advertising effectiveness from the consumers' emotional responses to the advertising slogan standpoint. In terms of methodological perspective, this research initiates the employment of a novel method, namely, the Slogan Validator, which is the voice recognition study, in advertising literature.


Seeking to explain the difficult cases of delayed democratic transition in the Western Balkans, recent literature argues that 'national identity' significantly limits the effectiveness of external actors' political conditionality. This argument is tested in this article by investigating Serbia's co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), which was demanded by the United States and the European Union (EU). The findings show that incidents of Serbian co-operation with the ICTY were not preceded by widespread national identity change; rather, co-operation occurred when Serbia was faced with consistent external pressure and the immediate prospect of small-scale rewards. Conditionality thus remained effective. These findings challenge theoretical arguments that issues of national identity may impede external actors' projection of power, independently of domestic actors' cost-benefit calculations. Moreover, they suggest that, in the future, external actors such as the EU may continue to rely upon political conditionality for their democratization agenda, even concerning domestically sensitive issue-areas.


Abstract. Many natural land surfaces, such as sand or snow, consist of densely packed grains, often covered by dust, water droplets, contaminated with other materials such as possible oil leaks, hoar frost, and can also be internally cracked, porous, and heterogeneous. Most scattering models ignore these complications, but here a more detailed approach is taken to test all these effects. The current model is composed of three techniques: 1) Monte Carlo-based electromagnetic volume integral equation technique for non-spherical wavelength scale dust particles, 2) Monte Carlo ray tracing for stochastic-shaped grains much larger than the wavelength, with optional point scattering from dust cover, internal inclusions, and liquid surface layer, in a layer of an optical depths of few units, and 3) adding-doubling to combine smaller layers into an arbitrary, thick and vertically inhomogeneous medium. The model allows the medium to be built in a modular way, and after initialisation, rather complicated layered structures can be computed quickly and flexibly. The computed results are compared against experimental measurements of snow and sand. The model agrees with measurements usually within the measurement accuracy (∼ 0:05). The scattering is observed to depend significantly on grain size, shape, orientation, composition, fine structures, dust, and some other properties that need to be defined. Both, measurement and modelling, require much deeper attention to these properties.