Managing computational complexity and designing effective visual representations are two important challenges for the visualization of large, complex, high-dimensional datasets. Parallel coordinates are an effective technique for visualizing high-dimensional data, but do not scale well to very large datasets. The addition of the temporal dimension leads to more uncertainty due to clutter on screen. Consequently, this poses a significant challenge for visually finding trends and patterns that maximize insight about the underlying time-varying properties of the data. To address these problems, we present meta parallel coordinates, a parallel coordinates display that is guided by perceptually motivated visual metrics. These metrics describe the visual structures typically found in parallel coordinates and thus aid the user's analysis by providing meaningful views of the data. Since they are computed in screen space, our metrics are computationally more efficient than data-based metrics. Our choice of metrics is driven by the different analytical tasks that a user typically wants to perform with time-varying multivariate data. In particular, we have worked with domain scientists who performed simulations of bioremediation experiments, and use their data and results to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.


Abstract. The concept of Living Laboratory (LL) provides a novel grass-roots data-driven approach for collaborative design of place involving multiple stakeholders. In this paper we focused on reviewing the most common approaches utilised in the construct of user-centric LL. This is done by systematically reviewing methodologies and engagement techniques as well as presenting one LL milieu as a case study – Randwick Precinct Living Laboratory – and its key outcomes. In the case study we aimed to understand the design of a user-centric precinct scale LL where stakeholders were involved in the design of a precinct using a sketch planning approach. The novelty of the Randwick Precinct LL was the use of multi-table technologies and other digital planning tools such as a dashboard to support collaboration. The results suggest a sketch planning approach to facilitate and encourage both user-to-user and user-to-technology interaction and make the LL concept operate at precinct level. Moreover, this paper distils the lessons learned from Randwick Precinct Living Lab and explained how LL can contribute to inclusiveness, user contribution, high innovation, collaboration and consensus building.


The 12 second flight of the world's first heavier-than-air powered vehicle in 1904 heralded the birth of a new transport mode. In the days, months, and years following that event, it must have been evident that airplanes had a future, but not its shape and extent. The first propeller driven airship was flown 50 years earlier than the Wright Brothers airplane in 1852i. A century and a half later, we may be about to witness the birth, or rebirth, of airships as a transport mode. For airships, it is not like the day after Kitty Hawk, but it almost could be. Except infrequently as billboards, camera platforms and novelty tours, commercial uses for large airships ended with the Hindenburg disaster, three quarters of a century earlier. For decades, the memory of the Hindenburg catastrophe, as well as technological advances in heavier-than-air flight, trucking, and maritime transport conspired to make the airship seem a slow, cumbersome, and ultimately tragic detour in the history of transportation. More recently, however, interest has been renewed in airships due to technological developments in a number of fields; including materials science, engines, weather forecasting, avionics and computer assisted design. With improved performance and cost profiles, airships are being considered now for new roles in the movement of general freight, fluids, indivisible loads, perishable food products and passengersii. Interest in airships has been heightened by their indirect advantages. These vehicles could mitigate several negative externalities associated with other forms of transport. Concerns about port, road, and airport congestion, and evidence of climate change have caused the economically advanced nations to reconsider their transportation systems. As most industrial countries are net importers of petroleum, the inherent fuel efficiency of airships is a further economic incentive. Consequently, many nations are taking a hard second look at airship technology. Over the last 30 years, airship technology has gained a large and loyal following. At the time of this writing, at least a dozen firms in ten different countries are developing research prototypes and commercial airships. In addition, the U.S. Department of Defense has issued a request for information (DARPA, 2004) for development of an airship capable of carrying very large and/or heavy cargoes and personnel. The creation of a new mode of transport can have unpredictable economic effects. Improved service and lower transportation costs can stimulate new commodity flows, industrial activity and trade routes. In this paper, we consider the business case for using airships to transport Hawaiian pineapple/papaya to the U.S. mainland. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of airships, relative to other modes, are examined with a 2 particular view toward exploring this possible early application of long-distance transport. On a more general level, it is hoped that this paper will stimulate thought and discussion about the potential for airships to create a paradigm shift in freight and passenger transportation.


This paper studies the frequency and distribution of filledpauses (FPs) in ecologically valid data where unaware andauthentic customers called in to report problems with theirtelephony and/or Internet services and were met by a novelWizard-of-Oz paradigm using real call center agents aswizards. The data analyzed were caller utterances followinga directed or an open disambiguation prompt. While nosignificant differences in FP production were observed as afunction of prompt type, FP frequency was found to beconsiderably higher than what is usually reported in theliterature. Moreover, a higher proportion of utterance-initialFPs than normally reported was also observed. The results arecompared to previously reported FP frequencies. Potentialimplications for data collection methodology are discussed.


The use of Facebook and other social media sites has increased to the point that some consider it to be a behavioral addiction. Previously, research has used the Approach–Avoidance Task to measure implicit approach and withdrawal tendencies in response to a variety of stimuli, including alcohol, desserts, cigarettes, spiders, and cannabis. When responding to these types of stimuli, individuals typically evidence an approach bias toward appetitive images and a withdrawal bias in response to undesirable and/or fearful stimuli. The present study was designed to test the validity of an adapted version of the Approach–Avoidance Task by investigating how self-reported Facebook addiction tendencies, measured via the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, predicted automatic approach tendencies toward Facebook-related stimuli using the Facebook-Approach–Avoidance Task. Participants with higher self-reported tendencies of Facebook addiction tended to approach Facebook-related stimuli faster. The present study is the first to indicate a relationship between self-reported Facebook addiction tendencies and implicit approach motivation using a behavioral measure. This finding provides initial support for the use of the Facebook-Approach–Avoidance Task as a measure of Facebook addiction, and further validation could lead to the development of additional assessment and training paradigms in the future.


Contact sounds can provide important perceptual cues in virtual environments. We investigated the relation between material perception and variables that govern the synthesis of contact sounds. A shape-invariant, auditory-decay parameter was a powerful determinant of the perceived material of an object. Subjects judged the similarity of synthesized sounds with respect to material (Experiment 1 and 2) or length (Experiment 3). The sounds corresponded to modal frequencies of clamped bars struck at an intermediate point, and they varied in fundamental frequency and frequency-dependent rate of decay. The latter parameter has been proposed as reflecting a shape-invariant material property: damping. Differences between sounds in both decay and frequency affected similarity judgments (magnitude of similarity and judgment duration), with decay playing a substantially larger role. Experiment 2, which varied the initial sound amplitude, showed that decay raterather than total energy or sound durationwas the critical factor in determining similarity. Experiment 3 demonstrated that similarity judgments in the first two studies were specific to instructions to judge material. Experiment 4, in which subjects assigned the sounds to one of four material categories, showed an influence of frequency and decay, but confirmed the greater importance of decay. Decay parameters associated with each category were estimated and found to correlate with physical measures of damping. The results support the use of a simplified model of material in virtual auditory environments.


Lake-effect snow (LES) storms pose numerous hazards, including extreme snowfall and blizzard conditions, and insight into the large-scale precursor conditions associated with LES can aid local forecasters and potentially allow risks to be mitigated. In this study, a synoptic climatology of severe LES events over Lakes Erie and Ontario was created using an updated methodology based on previous studies with similar research objectives. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with cluster analysis (CA) was performed on a case set of LES events from a study domain encompassing both lakes, grouping LES events with similar spatial characteristics into the primary composite structures for LES. Synoptic scale composites were constructed for each cluster using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Additionally, one case from each cluster was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to analyze mesoscale conditions associated with each of the clusters. Three synoptic setups were identified that consisted of discrepancies, mostly in the surface fields, from a common pattern previously identified as being conducive to LES, which features a dipole and upper-level low pressure anomaly located near the Hudson Bay. Mesoscale conditions associated with each composite support differing LES impacts constrained to individual lakes or a combination of both.


Zoning of strip clubs, adult video stores, and other adult entertainment businesses is a frequent source of controversy and litigation in many American cities. Community members often oppose strip clubs moving into their city and many cities try to keep these businesses as far from public life as possible. The Supreme Court's First Amendment law has not helped this struggle. In fact, the current "secondary effects" test used by the Supreme Court has actually made it more difficult for cities to zone adult businesses. Although a few commentators have expressed their disapproval of the secondary effects test, they have all complained that the test allows cities too much power or erodes constitutional freedoms. Surprisingly, no commentator has ever argued that the test actually does not defer enough to cities. This Article argues that the secondary effects test weakens the state zoning power and imposes an impossible task on cities in forcing them to ensure the economic success of adult businesses. After exploring the main flaws of the secondary effects test as demonstrated by lower court decisions following the Supreme Court's latest zoning decision in Alameda Books, this Article demonstrates how the Court can adopt a new "viewpoint neutral" approach that allows cities to protect adult entertainment expression while maintaining broad discretion under their zoning power.


The use of whole-slide images (WSIs) in pathology entails stringent storage and transmission requirements because of their huge dimensions. Therefore, image compression is an essential tool to enable efficient access to these data. In particular, color transforms are needed to exploit the very high degree of inter-component correlation and obtain competitive compression performance. Even though the state-of-the-art color transforms remove some redundancy, they disregard important details of the compression algorithm applied after the transform. Therefore, their coding performance is not optimal. We propose an optimization method called mosaic optimization for designing irreversible and reversible color transforms simultaneously optimized for any given WSI and the subsequent compression algorithm. Mosaic optimization is designed to attain reasonable computational complexity and enable continuous scanner operation. Exhaustive experimental results indicate that, for JPEG 2000 at identical compression ratios, the optimized transforms yield images more similar to the original than the other state-of-the-art transforms. Specifically, irreversible optimized transforms outperform the Karhunen–Loève Transform in terms of PSNR (up to 1.1 dB), the HDR-VDP-2 visual distortion metric (up to 3.8 dB), and the accuracy of computer-aided nuclei detection tasks (F1 score up to 0.04 higher). In addition, reversible optimized transforms achieve PSNR, HDR-VDP-2, and nuclei detection accuracy gains of up to 0.9 dB, 7.1 dB, and 0.025, respectively, when compared with the reversible color transform in lossy-to-lossless compression regimes.


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The world is said to be confronted with complex issues working against the long term well-being of people and planet that can only be effectively addressed through (hyper) collective effort. How necessary collaboration comes about and progresses shows numerous approaches, professional specialisations, studies and examples. However, there is little in the way of a comprehensive, comparative perspective examining the instigator(s) of diverse collective action objectives and participants in co-creative relationships for societal change that are maintained over time and brought to fruition. More critically, organisational innovations suggest that what currently exists to tackle intractable problems by getting institutions and their organisational actors to cooperate needs updating. Past approaches to collaboration are not good enough for operating in tomorrow's conditions. Drawing on Actor Network Theory, this paper therefore explores a category of actant – an interlocutor – as potentially crucial in committing to, arranging and holding together complex collective action engagements. From multiple angles and using examples of organisational innovation, the analysis considers the interplay between interlocutor attributes and interlocution processes. A preliminary conclusion is that a combination of characteristics exhibited by an interlocutor offers a helpful category to explain and bring about multi-institutional problem solving. As importantly, increasing the number and variety of interlocutors across the world may be an agenda worth pursuing.


Large-scale climate forcings on local precipitation in Cameroon are analysed during the little rainy season (March-June). Variables found to have strong influence are used to downscale GCM projected rainfall for 2010-2049. In particular, 2 IPCC IS92a scenarios, simulated by the ECHAM4/OPYC3 climate model, are investigated. First, monthly precipitation data from 1951-1990 at 33 meteorological stations are grouped into homogeneous rainfall regions using self-organising feature maps (SOFMs). SOFMs identified 3 groups of stations with related time-series variability. Then, an empirical orthogonal function procedure, followed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA), is used to derive statistical relationships between the homogeneous regions and large-scale variables from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project. A CCA model is established for every region. Numerous fields at different pressure levels are used as macro-scale predictors. All possible combinations of 2 predictors are systematically tested in 3 validation experiments. Those combinations that perform well in the experiments are used to derive local-scale precipitation scenarios from the general circu- lation model (GCM) climate projection experiments. Different combinations of large-scale variables enter the model depending on region. A composite analysis suggests that precipitation is related to an advective (convective) phenomenon in the northern (southern) part of the study domain. More- over, precipitation changes based on 2 IS92a emission scenarios as simulated by ECHAM4/OPYC3 are calculated. The trace-gas-only and the trace-gas-plus-sulphate integrations induce changes ranging locally from + 44 to -10% and from + 36 to -9% respectively, relative to the 1951-1990 control period.


Tax theorists have long debated the rationales for the federal income tax system's favorable treatment of philanthropy. The debate has certainly become more sophisticated, but it has nonetheless failed to produce anything near full convergence of opinion. This article reviews that debate and reaches a paradoxical conclusion: Although the present system of exemption and deduction is perhaps impossible to justify in any other way, that system almost perfectly co-ordinates three basic features of American society: the populist and anti-statist sources of American philanthropy, the consumerist orientation of our form of market capitalism, and our tax system's reliance on income as its principal revenue source. To say that the Code's treatment of philanthropy accommodates these three features well, however, is not to say that any of them is itself good; as an alternative to the current system's fundamental populism and consumerism, this paper proposes a neo-classically republican view of the public good, grounded in the constitutional values of justice and general welfare. Philanthropy's core function will be to promote those values. This, in turn, implies not only a very different tax treatment of philanthropy, but also a very different relationship between philanthropy and the state. The Code implicitly endorses the philanthropy of Jacksonian democracy and consumerist capitalism; the philanthropy of both Jefferson and Lincoln's republicanism would look quite different (and much more like that of Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Ethics and Politics). It would better fit both the neo-classically republican elements of our constitutional culture and what Lincoln called "the better angels of our nature."


This essay represents an attempt to bring the notion of materiality to the attention of economic sociologists. The point of departure is that what most people view as "the economy" consists of a mixture of objects, actions and relationships. "We are living in a material world," as Trevor Pinch has put it. This insight, however, is missing from modern economics. Originally, economics was closely allied to materiality, as exemplified by the economic theory of antiquity. After Xenophon and Aristotle, however, the materiality of economic life has grown successively thinner in economics; and today economic theory is defined (in mainstream economics) as simply an approach and a perspective. Earlier attempts to focus economic analysis around materiality, especially in home economics, are also ignored today.


Twelve seed-borne Fusarium Link. Ex Fr. Species were isolated from 7 different economically important crops and identified as F. anthophilum (A. Braun) Wollenw, F. Chlamydosporum Wollenw. & Reinking, F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. Sensu Gordon, F. longipes Wollenw. & Reinking sensu Gordon, F. moniliforme Scheldon, F. exysporum Schlecht. Emend. Snyd. & Hans., F. pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc., F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, F. scirpi Lambotte & Fautr., F. solani (Mart.) Appel & wollenw. Emend.Snyd. & Hans., F. sporotrichioides Cherb. And F. subglutinans (Wollenw. & Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas comb. Nov. Highest occurrence of Fusairum spp. Was enxountered in capsicum, corn, pearlmillet and sunflower seeds. F. anthophilum on corn and pearlmillet; F. chlamydosporum on capsicum and mustard; F. equiseti on sunflower; F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans on linseed and mustard were newly recorded species from Pakistan. Seed transmission studies revealed that F. anthophilum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. subglutinans that eaused wilting and rotting were systemic pathogens of sunflower. During pathogenicity experiments, Fusarium spp. Produced symptoms of root-, collarstem and seedling rots, damping-off, stunting, wilting, yellowing, tip burn and reduction in growth. Wilting was the most prominent symptom followed by seedling rot. Highest wilting was produced by F. chlamydosporum and F.subglutinans, whereas, highest seedling rot was caused by F. solani and F. sporotrichioides.

In dual culture plate assays between fusairum spp. And killer yeasts, Y21-Bullera pseudoalba appeared as the most successful antagonist as compared to Y16-Pichia anomala and Y20-Sporidiobolus ruineniae. These killer yeast strains promoted vigor of sunflower plants when applied alone in soil. During bio-control experiments by soil amendment method, they significantly reduced infection and colonization of roots by Fusarium spp. As compared to seed treatment.

Prkofiles of secondary metabolites of fusarium spp. Produced consistent chromatographic patterns on TLC in which bostrycoidin, cis-dihydrofusarubin, vomitoxin (deoxynivaleonol), isomarticin, nectriafurone, zearalenone, zearalenol and other derivatives were identified.

Using column chromatography 3 scondary metabolites of F. chlamydosporum, 1 of F. euiseti and 2 of F. pallidoroseum were detected. Secondary metabolites of F. chlamydosporum were identified as Bis(2-methylpropyl)ester of (Diisobutyl phthalate). Cyanidin 3-(xylosylarabinoside) and Lotusin E. Likewise secondary metabolite of F. equiseti was identified as Meliteric acid B and metabolites of F. pallidoroseum were identified as Musacine K and Radulanin A. These secondary metabolites were isolated for the first time from Fusarium spp.


Drs. Pelton and Singh warn of the increasing risks of cybercrime and lay out a series of commonsense precautions to guard against individual security breaches. This guide clearly explains the technology at issue, the points of weakness and the best ways to proactively monitor and maintain the integrity of individual networks. Covering both the most common personal attacks of identity fraud, phishing, malware and breach of access as well as the larger threats against companies and governmental systems, the authors explain the vulnerabilities of the internet age. As more and more of life's transactions take place online, the average computer user and society at large have a lot to lose. All users can take steps to secure their information. Cybercrime is so subtle and hidden, people can ignore the threat until it is too late. Yet today about every three seconds a person is hit by some form of cyber attack out of the blue. Locking the cyber-barn door after a hacker has struck is way too late. Cyber security, cyber crime and cyber terrorism may seem to be intellectual crimes that don't really touch the average person, but the threat is real. Demystifying them is the most important step and this accessible explanation covers all the bases.


Computers have lead to a revolution in the games we play, and, following this, an interest for computer-based games has been sparked in research communities. However, this easily leads to the perception of a one-way direction of influence between that the field of game research and computer science. This historical investigation points towards a deep and intertwined relationship between research on games and the development of computers, giving a richer picture of both fields. While doing so, an overview of early game research is presented and an argument made that the
distinction between digital games and non-digital games may be counter-productive to game research as a whole.


This study evaluated transportation changes affecting the grain industry relative to impact on the road system. Present and proposed railline abandonment, grain subterminal construction, and general modal traffic patterns were determined. Causal variables were incorporated into a general framework for continual monitoring of the industry. While it does not appear the state highway system is receiving large overall negative impact, "pockets of potential problems" are being felt on county and local roads. The final grain industry structure has not yet evolved. Monitoring of the grain industry during this evolution should include on-farm storage, age of elevators, mergers and consolidations and potential railline abandonments.


Tight regulation of growth factor signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is critical to cell differentiation, growth, and survival. Sprouty (Spry) proteins are generally considered inhibitors of RTK signaling whose effects are mediated by interference with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Studies by Wong et al. and Egan et al. challenge this paradigm by demonstrating that human Sprouty2 (hSpry2) can potentiate epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling by inhibiting ubiquitylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. Wong et al. used confocal microscopy to show that overexpressed hSpry2, but not truncated constructs or isoforms that don't bind c-Cbl, inhibited endocytosis of immunofluorescently labeled EGFR in COS-1 cells stimulated with EGF. Transfected c-Cbl accelerated EGF-stimulated receptor down-regulation, whereas hSpry2 enhanced cell surface retention of EGFRs as demonstrated by radiolabeled EGF to EGFR binding. Using Western analysis on immunoprecipitates of intact and mutant proteins from transfected COS-1 cells, as well as an in vitro ubiquitylation assay, Wong et al. demonstrated that hSpry2 inhibited c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitylation of EGFR. Analysis of immunoprecipitates of cells transfected with hSpry2 and UbcH7 (human E2 ubiquitin ligase) indicated that hSpry competed with UbcH7 for binding to the c-Cbl RING finger domain. Decreased EGFR ubiquitylation in response to hSpry correlated with sustained EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation, indicating potentiation of the MAPK pathway. In PC12 cells, transfected hSpry2 induced morphological differentiation--normally associated with nerve growth factor (NGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) stimulation--presumably secondary to sustained EGF-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In contrast, hSpry2 inhibited the response to FGF and NGF. These results indicate that, rather than being general inhibitors of RTK signaling, Sprys may inhibit certain specific pathways and potentiate others to fine tune the responses to RTK activation. E. S. M. Wong, M. Wong, C.W. Fong, J. Lin, P. Yusoff, B. C. Low, W. Y. Langdon, G. R. Guy, Sprouty2 attenuates epidermal growth factor receptor ubiquitylation and endocytosis, and consequently enhances Ras/ERK signalling. EMBO J. 21, 4796-4808 (2002). [Abstract] [Full Text] J. E. Egan, A. B. Hall, B. A. Yatsula, D. Bar-Sagi, The bimodal regulation of epidermal growth factor signaling by human Sprouty proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 6041-6046 (2002). [Abstract] [Full Text]


The present paper presents the results of a transversal descriptive study which intended to estimate the contribution of the project "Caring for those who take care of people with disabilities" in the areas of: strength of personal and group competences, self care, life project, dexterity in the care process of people with disabilities, and communitarian auto management; that was implemented in 20 urban areas with caregivers of the city of Bogota in the year 2007. The study allowed the nresearches to acknowledge the little change perception that caregivers had in terms of self care, however, the caregivers perceived change in the four areas, although this were not statistically significant in comparison with the general population. There were only significant changes in the communitarian auto management area in 30% of the population. As a result, it is proposed that more extensive, continuous, and sustainable processes are implemented and that this process arises from contention spaces which can be created with the caregivers, from which they can be motivated to participate in other ´processes of collective and individual changes. Also there's a need to rely on facilitators (professionals and change agents) who have stronger competences on the how to be and the how to interact competences, because there's a need to manage the psychosocial components in this group of people. Also, we must make organizational processes and the social networks stronger, this is: collective actions are required, because disability is a social fact, and so, the individual issues are just a moment in the process of inclusion of the person with disability, his family and caregiver.


If the ICC is truly to become a world criminal court, then this body should begin to clothe itself with all the traditional components of a criminal justice system. A successful international criminal court cannot be dependent on the political will of so-called cooperating states. Crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the ICC should be subject to prosecution by the court, which requires that there exist some body or agency capable of enforcing indictments and arresting suspected individuals. A court is but one piece of a greater body of criminal justice. In addition to the need for contemporaneous and coercive police power, it is necessary that a permanent world criminal court be able to send its convicts to a facility for incarceration. The reliance on ad hoc placements has not yielded acceptable results for either the ICTY or ICTR. A permanent criminal court will require a permanent prison facility for placement of its condemned. This author would like to see the utilization of regional facilities to achieve greater access to relatives and counsel, access to similar language, religious and cultural ideals, and reliable access to human rights tribunals to place their complaints.The Rome Statute provides us with a simple blueprint for prosecuting individuals accused of the most egregrious international crimes. Before international criminal law outgrows this simple design, we should hasten to correct the shortcomings that are both obvious and urgent.


This paper examines alternative Intellectual Capital (IC) investment policies in a dynamically complex system in order to explain differences in firm performance. The analysis is supported through the use of a System Dynamics (SD) simulation model. This paper is based on the hypothesis that in order to explain superior performance, it is not sufficient to look at the endowment of strategic resources; it also requires an analysis of the dynamics of resource accumulation and depletion processes, which stem from management policies. To assess the impact of IC on company performance, a conceptual framework and an SD simulation model are developed. Finally, the results from alternative scenarios are presented.


This article introduces a qualitative research method called discourse tracing. Discourse tracing draws from contributions made by ethnographers, discourse critics, case study scholars, and process tracers. The approach offers new insights and an attendant language about how we engage in research designed specifically for the critical-interpretive and applied analysis of discourse. More specifically, discourse tracing analyzes the formation, interpretation, and appropriation of discursive practices across micro, meso, and macro levels. In doing so, the method provides a language for studying social processes, including the facilitation of change and the institution of new routines. The article describes the current theoretical and political landscape of qualitative methods and how discourse tracing can provide a particularly helpful methodological tool at this time. Then, drawing from a qualitative study on of school lunch policy, the authors explain how to practice discourse tracing in a step-by-step manner.


To understand the accelerating universe discovered observationally in 1998, we develop the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation originally due to Jordan, extended only minimally. The unique role of the conformal transformation and frames is discussed particularly from a physical point of view. We show the theory to provide us with a simple and natural way of understanding the core of the measurements, Λobs ∼ t0−2 for the observed values of the cosmological constant and today's age of the universe both expressed in the Planckian units. According to this scenario of a decaying cosmological constant, Λobs is this small only because we are old, not because we fine-tune the parameters. It also follows that the scalar field is simply the pseudo Nambu–Goldstone boson of broken global scale invariance, based on the way astronomers and astrophysicists measure the expansion of the universe in reference to the microscopic length units. A rather phenomenological trapping mechanism is assumed for the scalar field around the epoch of mini-inflation as observed, still maintaining the unmistakable behavior of the scenario stated above. Experimental searches for the scalar field, as light as ∼ 10−9 eV, as part of the dark energy, are also discussed.


Climacteric 'Fuji' apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) were treated with water, 0.45 mmol.m -3 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), 2 mmol.L -1 methyl jasmonate (MJ), or both MCP and MJ. Fruit were kept at 20 °C for 17 days after treatment. Ethylene production, respiration, and color change were all inhibited following MCP treatment. Ethylene production following MJ treatment fluctuated below and above that of controls, but was representative of postclimacteric apples at all times. Rates of respiration and color change were enhanced by MJ, even when fruit were previously treated with MCP. The results indicate that MJ can enhance rate of color change and respiration in apple fruit independently of ethylene action.


We present the first results from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) on the rotational and pulsational variability of magnetic chemically peculiar A-type stars. We analyse TESS 2-min cadence data from sectors 1 and 2 on a sample of 83 stars. Five new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars are announced. One of these pulsates with periods around 4.7 min, making it the shortest period roAp star known to date. Four out of the five new roAp stars are multiperiodic. Three of these, and the singly-periodic one show the presence of rotational mode splitting. Individual frequencies are provided in all cases. In addition, seven previously known roAp stars are analysed. Additional modes of oscillation are found in some stars, while in others we are able to distinguish the true pulsations from possible aliases present in the ground-based data. We find that the pulsation amplitude in the TESS filter is typically a factor 6 smaller than that in the $B$ filter which is usually used for ground-based observations. For four roAp stars we set constraints on the inclination angle and magnetic obliquity, through the application of the oblique pulsator model. We also confirm the absence of roAp-type pulsations down to amplitude limits of 6 and 13 micromag, respectively, in two of the best characterised non-oscillating Ap (noAp) stars. We announce 27 new rotational variables along with their rotation periods, and provide different rotation periods for seven other stars. Finally, we discuss how these results challenge state-of-the-art pulsation models for roAp stars.


Assessing political conversations in social media requires a deeper understanding of the underlying practices and styles that drive these conversations. In this paper, we present a computational approach for assessing online conversational practices of political parties. Following a deductive approach, we devise a number of quantitative measures from a discussion of theoretical constructs in sociological theory. The resulting measures make different – mostly qualitative – aspects of online conversational practices amenable to computation. We evaluate our computational approach by applying it in a case study. In particular, we study online conversational practices of German politicians on Twitter during the German federal election 2013. We find that political parties share some interesting patterns of behavior, but also exhibit some unique and interesting idiosyncrasies. Our work sheds light on (i) how complex cultural phenomena such as online conversational practices are amenable to quantification and (ii) the way social media such as Twitter are utilized by political parties.


Giant earthquakes have repeatedly ruptured the Cascadia subduction zone, and similar earthquakes will likely also occur there in the near future. We employ a 3‐D time‐dependent thermomechanical model that incorporates an up‐to‐date description of the slab geometry to study the Cascadia subduction thrust. Results show a distinct band of 3‐D slab dehydration that extends from Vancouver Island to the Seattle Basin and farther southward to the Klamath Mountains in northern California, where episodic tremors cluster. This distribution appears to include a region of increased dehydration in northern Cascadia. The phenomenon of heterogeneous megathrust seismicity associated with oblique subduction suggests that the presence of fluid‐rich interfaces generated by slab dehydration favors megathrust seismogenesis in the northern part of this zone. The thin, relatively weakly metamorphosed Explorer, Juan de Fuca, and Gorda Plates are associated with an anomalous lack of thrust earthquakes, and metamorphism that occurs at temperatures of 500–700°C near the Moho discontinuity may represent a key factor in explaining the presence of the associated episodic tremor and slip (ETS), which requires a young oceanic plate to subduct at a small dip angle, as is the case in Cascadia and southwestern Japan. The 3‐D intraslab dehydration distribution suggests that the metamorphosed plate environment is more complex than had previously been believed, despite the existence of channeling vein networks. Slab amphibolization and eclogitization near the continental Moho depth is thus inferred to account for the resultant overpressurization at the interface, facilitating the generation of ETS and the occurrence of small to medium thrust earthquakes beneath Cascadia.


The thesis explores the semantics of epistemic justification discourse, a very important part of overall epistemic discourse. It embarks from a critical examination of referentialist theories to arrive at a certain nonreferential, expressivist approach to the semantics of epistemic justification discourse. That is, it criticizes the main referentialist theories and then goes on to argue for an expressivist approach on the basis of its theoretical capacity to outflank the problems referentialist theories meet. In the end, I also identify some problems for a prominent expressivist theory and, as a response to these problems, propose a novel norm-expressivist approach that seems to evade these problems. In particular, in Ch.1 I introduce what I call 'the epistemic justification puzzle' and then in Chs.2-4 criticize naturalistic referential theories: analytic naturalistic reductionism, synthetic naturalistic reductionism and epistemic kinds realism. In Ch.5 I criticize nonnaturalist referential theories: what I call 'naïve' nonnaturalism and J.McDowell's (1994) more sophisticated quietist version of nonnaturalism. Next, in Ch.6 I introduce the semantic programme of expressivism and go on to construct a simple version of epistemic norm-expressivism (inspired by A.Gibbard (1990)) in order to explain how expressivism can easily outflank the identified problems of referentialist theories. This simple norm-expressivist theory, however, is only used as a theoretical 'toy' for the mere sake of motivating the possibility of expressivism, as in Ch.7 I go on to argue for a more sophisticated version of norm-expressivism: habitsendorsement expressivism. In Ch.7 I introduce a prominent expressivist theory of moral and knowledge discourses, namely, plan-reliance expressivism (credited to A.Gibbard (2003, 2008)) and extend it cover the epistemic justification discourse. I then identify some problems for plan-reliance expressivism as extended to cover justification discourse and in response to these problems propose habits-endorsement expressivism. Habits-endorsement expressivism builds on the intuition that (justified) belief-fixation is habitual and exploits the theoretical flexibility of the notion of habits in order to overcome the identified problems of plan-reliance expressivism.


Dar es Salaam is one of the fastest growing cities in East Africa, with a population of 4,364,541 whose annual growth rate is 4.5%. The population increase is mainly caused by rural to urban migration causing traffic congestion, unemployment, emerging of unplanned settlements, inadequate infrastructure, and social and housing services. In order to overcome these challenges there is an urgent need to establish and determine suitable locations of satellite towns to the outskirts of the central business district (CBD) to strengthen economic and social activities using reliable techniques. Selecting suitable locations of satellite towns has been determined by using distance from the CBD and population growth indicators. The limitations of using these indicators include unsuitable locations, which ultimately failed to attract economic growth in such areas. In this study, we introduce a new approach of selecting suitable location of satellite towns in fast growing cities. This approach uses Saaty Model and Geographic Information Systems techniques, whereby a pair wise comparison matrix, consistency index and consistency ratio are employed to determine suitable locations of satellite towns in Ubungo and Kinondoni Municipalities. Also, seven criteria were used to produce suitability maps for water, power line, road, communication line, elevation, slope and land use. The results obtained from this study show that about 5.31% of the area was classified as highly suitable, 29.82% as moderately suitable, 24.27% as marginally suitable and 40.6% permanently unsuitable. Locations of satellite towns determined using Saaty model was found to be on highly suitable areas whereas locations of satellite towns proposed by the Dar es Salaam master plan were located on marginally suitable areas. The study concludes that Saaty Model, if integrated with GIS, can be effectively used to determine suitable locations for satellite towns in urban areas.


In many economic environments - such as college admissions, student placements at public schools, and university housing allocation - indivisible objects with capacity constraints are assigned to a set of agents when each agent receives at most one object and monetary compensations are not allowed. In these important applications the agent-proposing deferred-acceptance algorithm with responsive priorities (called responsive DA-rule) performs well and economists have successfully implemented responsive DA-rules or slight variants thereof. First, for house allocation problems we characterize the class of responsive DA-rules by a set of basic and intuitive properties, namely, unavailable type invariance, individual rationality, weak non-wastefulness, resource-monotonicity, truncation invariance, and strategy-proofness. We extend this characterization to the full class of allocation problems with capacity constraints by replacing resource-monotonicity with two-agent consistent conflict resolution. An alternative characterization of responsive DA-rules is obtained using unassigned objects invariance, individual rationality, weak non-wastefulness, weak consistency, and strategy-proofness. Various characterizations of the class of "acyclic" responsive DA-rules are obtained by using the properties efficiency, group strategy-proofness, and consistency.


Section 1. Policy. Repeated cyber intrusions into critical infrastructure demonstrate the need for improved cybersecurity. The cyber threat to critical infrastructure continues to grow and represents one of the most serious national security challenges we must confront. The national and economic security of the United States depends on the reliable functioning of the Nation's critical infrastructure in the face of such threats. It is the policy of the United States to enhance the security and resilience of the Nation's critical infrastructure and to maintain a cyber environment that encourages efficiency, innovation, and economic prosperity while promoting safety, security, business confidentiality, privacy, and civil liberties. We can achieve these goals through a partnership with the owners and operators of critical infrastructure to improve cybersecurity information sharing and collaboratively develop and implement risk-based standards.


Objective: The aim of the study is to explore what characterizes the work culture in Norwegian nursing homes and what promotes the positive aspects in the work culture. Methods: Research design: Multimethod research. Two surveys (N = 105) and interviews with 11 informants at three Norwegian nursing homes were conducted. We included the questionnaires: The Systematizing Person-Group Relations, that seek to explore which aspects dominate the particular work environment identifying challenges, limitations and opportunities and The Sense of Coherence (SoC) that was used as an indicator for overall quality of working life with a salutogenic orientation. The data were analyzed using independent samples student's t-test and factor analyses, the material from the interviews was systemized and worked through using well known analytical methods. Results: The results showed that the informants feel more meaning, manageability and comprehensibility in their work environment, when they are engaged and focused on goal orientation. In the interviews the informants expressed engagement related to their work environment and to patients and colleagues. They mentioned that being a team and working together was positive for their perception of their work environment. A positive work culture was characterized by solution orientation and the experiences of better opportunity to "attend to the patients in a good way". Conclusions: It seems like healthcare workers as individuals has both a positive attitude and ways to express this in the work culture, such as humor and positive thinking. But the work culture itself seems to create some negative issues.


Background: Recent statistics have painted a grim picture for Australia's Aboriginal youth, with reports of higher levels of almost every health indicator, including depression, sexual and emotional abuse, unemployment, and incarceration. Traditional western based therapies have proven to have limited effectiveness in engaging this group as they can often be culturally inappropriate. International studies have provided promising results using equine assisted learning, with a sound methodological basis underpinned by Indigenous ways of being and doing. In Australia Aboriginal people have strong historical ties to horses through their work on stations and were often considered some of the country's best horsemen and women. While equine assisted learning programs exist in Australia there are currently none catering specifically to Aboriginal youth, run and staffed by Aboriginal staff and provided in a culturally secure manner. Aims: Alternative therapy for Aboriginal youth in the areas of grief, loss, and trauma, through an equine assisted learning program that focussed on self-concept, self-regulation, self-awareness, anxiety and depression, and sense of connectedness. Methods: Participants (N = 270) aged 6–25 years old engaged in a minimum of 6-weeks of equine assisted learning. Each session was 45–50 min duration and occurred on a weekly basis. Sessions were undertaken individually, in pairs and in groups, depending on the needs of the participant and the focus of the session goals. Qualitative examination of the participants included photography to capture the lived experiences of the participants throughout the program. In addition an cultural and age appropriate adaptation of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was trialed to track changes quantitively. Conclusion: We observed improvements in self-regulation, self-awareness, and socialization skills, evident from the photography recording and the questionnaire data. In addition parent and/or caregiver and teacher reported changes in behavior, self-regulation, and socialization skills were recorded.


In many mechatronic applications, velocity estimation is required for implementation of closed loop control. ProportionalIntegral control based differentiation has been proposed to estimate velocity in bilateral teleoperation. We propose a Second Order Sliding Mode (SOSM) based velocity estimation scheme for this application, since the SOSM approach is robust to small disturbances near the origin. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the SOSM based velocity estimation over the PI-control approach for bilateral teleoperation in viscous environments. Additionally, a novel Lyapunov function based approach to stability analysis of the SOSM based differentiator is presented.


Solar energy increases its popularity in many fields, from buildings, food productions to power plants and other industries, due to the clean and renewable properties. To eliminate its intermittence feature, thermal energy storage is vital for efficient and stable operation of solar energy utilization systems. It is an effective way of decoupling the energy demand and generation, while plays an important role on smoothing their fluctuations. In this chapter, various types of thermal energy storage technologies are summarized and compared, including the latest studies on the thermal energy storage materials and heat transfer enhancements. Then, the most up-to-date developments and applications of various thermal energy storage options in solar energy systems are summarized, with an emphasis on the material selections, system integrations, operational characteristics, performance assessments and technological comparisons. The emerging and future trends are finally outlined. This chapter will be a useful resource for relevant researchers, engineers, policy-makers, technology users, and engineering students in the field.


A number of studies have found a significant link b etween sleep and psychosocial functioning among university students. A critical e xamination of this literature, however, indicates that one important gap within the literat u e is the need for longitudinal studies that specifically test for bidirectional associatio ns between these two constructs. The main purpose of my dissertation was to address this gap by conducting three studies that examined bidirectional associations between sleep a nd psychosocial functioning among a sample of university students. Participants were 94 2 (71.5% female) undergraduate students enrolled at a Canadian university, who com pleted survey assessments annually for three consecutive years, beginning in their fir st year of university. In the first study, I assessed bidirectional associations between two sle ep characteristics (sleep quality and sleep duration) and three psychosocial functioning variables (academics, friendship quality, and intrapersonal adjustment). Results bas ed on cross-lagged models indicated a significant bidirectional association between sleep quality and intrapersonal adjustment, such that more sleep problems predicted more negati v intrapersonal adjustment over time, and vice versa. Unidirectional associations i ndicated that both higher academic achievement and more positive friendship quality we re significant predictors of less sleep problems over time. In the second study, in which I examined bidirectional associations between sleep and media use, results provided suppo rt only for unidirectional associations; such that more sleep problems predict ed ncreases in both time spent watching television and time spent engaged in onlin e social networking. In the third study of my dissertation, in which I examined social ties at university and sleep quality, results indicated a significant bidirectional association, such that more positive social ties predicted less sleep problems over time, and vice v ersa. Importantly, emotion regulation was a significant mediator of this association. Fin dings across the three studies, highlight the importance of determining the direction of effe cts between different sleep characteristics and various aspects of university s tudents' psychosocial functioning, as such findings have important implications for both methodology and practice. A better understanding of the nature of the associations bet ween sleep and psychosocial functioning will equip students, parents and univer sity administrators with the tools necessary to facilitate successful adjustment acros s the university years.


In this article, we present an interactive prototype that aids the interpretation of large-scale gene expression data, showing how visualization techniques can be applied to support knowledge extraction from large datasets. The developed prototype was evaluated on a dataset of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The visualization approach presented here supports the analyst in finding genes with high similarity or dissimilarity across different experimental groups. By using an external overview in combination with filter windows, and various color scales for showing the degree of similarity, our interactive visual prototype is able to intuitively guide the exploration processes over the large amount of gene expression data.


Absence of the dens is rarely described in large breed dogs. In this rottweiler, mild neurological deficits seen at 6 mo of age did not progress for the 9.5 y of the dog's life despite lack of surgical intervention. This finding underscores the marked differences between small and large breeds.


The purpose of this study was to explore how organizations can apply the Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) Framework (Robert et al. 2006) as a lens and filter to a Knowledge Management Framework to move an organization towards sustainability. A conceptual framework of Knowledge Management (KM) was developed and then utilized to conduct a sustainability assessment on The Natural Step (TNS) organization as a case study. The researchers explored how an understanding of KM can support SSD and aid an organization in leveraging their existing knowledge. To achieve the objective, the most commonly accepted KM frameworks were summarized through a literature review. Then the researchers' understanding of a conceptual KM Framework was developed. The SSD lens was used to identify gaps within the KM frameworks when an organization's ultimate goal of success is sustainability. The conceptual KM Framework viewed through the SSD lens was utilized in conducting a sustainability assessment on TNS as a case study. The authors attempted to illustrate how using SSD as a lens could assist any organization, not just NGO's with a sustainability mandate, to enhance any Quality Management System, such as KM, to tackle global issues. The scope of the analysis was focused on understanding the role of KM as it relates to an organization's journey towards sustainability. Specifically a strengths and weaknesses assessment was conducted. The assessment was used to identify gaps and successes in the following areas: knowledge sharing, sharing methodology and sustainable practices.


Background: People with traumatic brain injury (TBI) face a range of mental health challenges during the adjustment process post-injury, but access to treatment can be difficult, particularly for those who live in regional and remote regions. eHealth provides the potential to improve access to evidence-based psychological therapy for people with a severe TBI. The aim of the current study is to assess the efficacy of a psychological intervention delivered via video consulting to reduce psychological distress in people with TBI. Methods: This paper outlines the protocol for a multi-center, three-arm, parallel, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an evidence-based manualized psychological intervention, ACT-Adjust. ACT-Adjust provides nine sessions for adults with a moderate to severe TBI experiencing clinical levels of psychological distress. Fifty-six participants referred from Brain Injury Rehabilitation Units across New South Wales (NSW) and the NSW icare scheme will be randomly allocated to three conditions; (1) video consulting (VC), (2) face-to-face (FtF) and, (3) a waitlist control (WL). Discussion: This is the first RCT to evaluate the efficacy of a psychological therapy (ACT-Adjust) delivered via video consulting for individuals with a moderate to severe TBI. Trial Registration: www.anzctr.org.au, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTRN2619001602112.


This study investigates nonstandard dialect as it used in fictional dialogue. The works included in it were produced by British authors between 1768 and 1929 – a period marking the expansion and height of the British Empire. One of the project's aims is to examine the connections among dialect representation and the imperial project, to investigate how ventriloquizing African diasporic, Chinese, and Indian characters works with related forms of characterization to encode ideologies and relations of power. A related aim is to explore the emergence and evolution of these literary dialects over time and to compare their structures as they are used to impersonate different communities of speakers. In order to track such patterns of representation, a corpus was constructed from the dialogue of 126 novels, plays, and short stories. That dialogue was then annotated for more than 200 lexical, morphological, orthographic, and phonological features. That data enable statistical analyses that model variation in the voicing of speakers and how those voicings change over time. This modeling demonstrates, for example, an increase in the frequency of phonological features for African diasporic dialogue and a countervailing decrease in the frequency and complexity of coded features generally for Indian dialogue. Trends like these that are surfaced though quantitative methods are further contextualized using qualitative, archival data. The analysis ultimately rests on connecting patterns of representation to changes in the imperial political economy, evolving language ideologies that circulate in the Anglophone world, and shifts in sociocultural anxieties that crosscut race and empire. The combined quantitative and qualitative analyses, therefore, expose representational systems – the apparatuses that propagate structures and the social attitudes that accrue to those structures. It further demonstrates that in such propagation, structures and attitudes are complementary.


Recent studies suggest that pathogen-related factors may contribute to systematic variation in women's preferences for masculinity in men's faces. However, there is very little evidence for similar correlations between pathogen-related factors and women's preferences for masculinity in other domains (e.g., men's voices or bodies). Consequently, we conducted a series of studies to examine whether pathogen disgust (assessed using Tybur et al's Three Domains of Disgust Scale) predicts individual differences in women's preferences for masculine characteristics in men's voices, bodies, and faces. We also tested if pathogen disgust predicts individual differences in measures of women's actual mate choices in the same way. We observed positive correlations between women's pathogen disgust and their preferences for masculinity in men's voices (Study 1) and faces and bodies (Study 2). We also observed positive correlations between women's pathogen disgust and their masculinity ratings of both their current and ideal romantic partners (Study 3). Each of these correlations was independent of the possible effects of women's sexual and moral disgust. Together, these findings suggest that individual differences in pathogen disgust predict individual differences in women's masculinity preferences across multiple domains and may also predict individual differences in their actual mate choices.


A hierarchical framework for incorporating modes of climate variability into stochastic simulations of hydrological data is developed, termed the climate‐informed multi‐time scale stochastic (CIMSS) framework. A case study on two catchments in eastern Australia illustrates this framework. To develop an identifiable model characterizing long‐term variability for the first level of the hierarchy, paleoclimate proxies, and instrumental indices describing the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are analyzed. A new paleo IPO‐PDO time series dating back 440 yr is produced, combining seven IPO‐PDO paleo sources using an objective smoothing procedure to fit low‐pass filters to individual records. The paleo data analysis indicates that wet/dry IPO‐PDO states have a broad range of run lengths, with 90% between 3 and 33 yr and a mean of 15 yr. The Markov chain model, previously used to simulate oscillating wet/dry climate states, is found to underestimate the probability of wet/dry periods >5 yr, and is rejected in favor of a gamma distribution for simulating the run lengths of the wet/dry IPO‐PDO states. For the second level of the hierarchy, a seasonal rainfall model is conditioned on the simulated IPO‐PDO state. The model is able to replicate observed statistics such as seasonal and multiyear accumulated rainfall distributions and interannual autocorrelations. Mean seasonal rainfall in the IPO‐PDO dry states is found to be 15%–28% lower than the wet state at the case study sites. In comparison, an annual lag‐one autoregressive model is unable to adequately capture the observed rainfall distribution within separate IPO‐PDO states.


Wanted a tutor to the rising age; he must be a creedless Christian full of faith, but full of charity--wise in head and large in heart--poet and a priest an "eternal child," as well as a thoroughly furnished man. (1) WHEN GEORGE GILFILLAN CALLED FOR "A TUTOR TO THE RISING AGE," HE had in mind several 'young, ardent and gifted spirits" who wrote poetry to inspire religious feeling in their readers. Philip Bailey seemed a likely candidate, but lacked forcefulness; Alexander Smith was regarded as a poet in possession of a profound mode of expression but failed to direct it into religious contemplation. Only Sydney Dobell, a poet who had employed to great effect the current trend for spasmodic feeling in poetics, appeared to lay true claim to Gilfillan's "vacant laurel." (2) That this feeling was inherently religious in tone was Gilfillan's view, but modern criticism remains unclear regarding the question of Dobell's religion and how, if at all, it inflects his poetry. This essay aims to clarify the issue first by unravelling the details of his faith, and second by using such detail to work through his religious lyrics. Religious or otherwise, all of his poetry is inflected by a fitful rhythmic pace that reflects his frantic and perhaps conflicted desire to both reach God and implement what he perceived to be the true Christian message in society. Like the "snow-muffled, dim and sweet" snow-drop, Dobell wrote in "The Snow-drop in the Snow" (1851), the "Poet" produces a music often misunderstood, being himself lost amidst "drifting snows" and blooming only in "loneliness" (11. 45-47, 59). (3) Yet as a figure "Full of faith," in Dobell's poem, the poet must tread, albeit precariously, a path between the winter of mortality and "Heaven / The dome of a great palace all of ice" (11.1-2). Dutiful behavior on earth to his "fellow men" was certainly as significant to Dobell as his longing for paradise, a tension that sent a shudder through both his verse and his allegiance to a specific form of Christianity known simply as "the Church." The first part of this discussion turns to "the Church," a religious community based on the Christian Church of the first century and headed by Samuel Thompson. Thompson, Dobell's grandfather, carefully outlined the philosophy of his "Church" in Evidences of Revealed Religion (1814), which he published under the name Christophilus as a series of letters that are everywhere echoed in Dobell's own correspondence and verse. The influence of Evidences also extended to the Birmingham politician-preacher and social reformer George Dawson, who forwarded a radicalized version of Thompson's "Church" philosophy in numerous sermons. As one of Dobell's more intimate friends, Dawson seems to have touched the poet's concept of religion almost as much as Thompson, all three men intent on putting individuals back in touch with their feelings in order to create a national community founded on religious sensibility. Part two thus opens with Dobell's own prose explication of religion and "the Church" in Thoughts on Art, Philosophy and Religion (1876), a text usually cited to support Dobell's broad church position. "Broad Church," however, is a rather generalized and inadequate label to describe Dobell's position in light of Thompson's Evidences and Dawson's sermons. We might instead wish to regard the poet's religious identity as one characterized by its struggle to articulate the value of religious feeling over religious doctrine. While critics like W. David Shaw have attributed such feeling to a Hegelian model of spirit, it is also worth rendering this feeling as affective, spasmodically issuing from the believer entranced by God. (4) Dobell remains Christian even as he rethinks this tradition through Thompson and Dawson, and the most recognizably religious of his lyrics reinforce his emotive belief, as part two will illustrate by reading "The Harps of Heaven" (c. 1851), "To a Cathedral Tower" (1850) and "In War-Time: A Psalm of the Heart" (c. …


This research was conducted at Makerere University Uganda, in the Department of Adult Education and Communication Studies on adult students in fulltime employment who were emolled for an evening degree programme, faced with the challenge of getting time to study. The university had structured the course in such a way that lectures started at 5 :00 P .M. ,the time they left work. At times, they studied non stop for five hours, and had only 32% of their remaining school time residual in which to do independent study and assignments . Moreover, they were working in a neo-liberal labour market that demanded them to retrain, but in their own time and at their own cost. The focus of the study was on how these students integrated work with study in such a context. Specifically, the study looked at how these students found time to attend lectures, conduct independent study, revise, and take exams; and how they fulfilled their academic obligations. The study was qualitative and of the case study type aimed at getting an in-depth understanding of how these students coped with the multiple and conflicting demands of work and study. What emerged is that these students try to get time to attend lectures by reducing on time meant for work, but being careful to maintain the delicate balance between work and study. They needed to retrain if they were to remain employable, and they also needed the job for survival and paying for their education. They managed to fulfil l their academic obligations in the little time available by adopting pragmatic behaviour. With pragmatic behaviour, the student would find out what is useful in a course and concentrate on that in order to maximize personal outcome. Given the context and the strategies these students adopted, they most likely missed out on meaningful learning as an important educational goal. The role of the socio-economic and study contexts in influencing these students ' approach to studying and learning was important to note. Recommendations to change the context are made to all stakeholders in the programme.


The Rayleigh–Sommerfeld solutions and the Luneburg–Severin–Vasseur and Severin–Vasseur solutions of diffraction problems are shown to satisfy certain reciprocity theorems in the case of a spherical incident wave. These new reciprocity theorems have very simple relations to those known in Kirchhoff's theory of diffraction.


Time after time, different economies, such as the world economy or a national economy, are exposed to diverse fluctuations of various origins. The reasons for this can be multifold. Thus, in the context of an economic crisis, staying ahead of competition is vital for any company's survival. In addition, each year, the global competition becomes tougher. The fundamental question of modern management of an enterprise is how to achieve competitive advantage and hold it. Consequently, the effective management of an enterprise, based on a rational use of resources, comes to the fore. The goal of this research is to analyze one of the models of modern resource management – resource-based view and to relate this model of management to the current state of the Russian economy. Theoretical and practical aspects of the model are presented. Development of the resource-based view at the Russian retail chain – X5 Retail Group is separately allocated. It is the unique practical example of using above mentioned concept in Russia. The possibility of implementing the resource-based view is considered in the context of the current economic situation in the country. Summarizing, resource-based view can become a truly breakthrough strategy in the context of the Russian economic situation.


A class of self-assembling branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) was recently developed that could serve as a new drug delivery vehicle. BAPCs can encapsulate solutes up to ∼12 kDa during assembly, are unusually stable, and are readily taken up by cells with low cytotoxicity. Coarse-grained simulations have supported that BAPCs are defined by bilayers that resemble those formed by diacyl phospholipids. Here, atomistic simulations were performed to characterize the structure and organization of bilayers formed by three branched amphiphilic peptides (BAPs): bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, bis(Ac-CHA-LIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2. The results show BAPs form a network of intra- and intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds within the same leaflet in addition to hydrophobic side-chain interactions. The terminal residues of two leaflets form an interdigitation region locking two leaflets together. The phenyl groups in bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2 and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2 are tightly packed near the bilayer center but do not formed ordered structures with specific π-π stacking. Replacing phenyl groups with the cyclohexane side chain only slightly increases the level of disorder in bilayer structures and thus should not significantly affect the stability, consistent with experimental results on bis(Ac-CHA-LIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2 BAPCs. Self-assembly simulations further suggest that leaflet interdigitation likely occurs at early stages of BAPC formation. Atomistic simulations also reveal that the BAPC bilayers are highly permeable to water. This prediction was validated using fluorescence measurements of encapsulated self-quenching dye upon transferring BAPCs to buffers with different salt concentrations. Improved understanding of the organization and structure of BAPC bilayers at the atomic level will provide a basis for future rational modifications of BAP sequence to improve BAPC properties as a new class of delivery vehicle.


An ontology defines technical terms and shows interrelationships between terms for particular application areas. XML-based standards such as OWL and DAML provide mechanisms to produce XML based ontologies. Ontologies are used in service matching and dynamic web service composition, and are heavily used in bioinformatics and genomics to characterise the structure of living things. Our research focuses on complexity metrics for ontologies. These complexity metrics are compiled from semantic relationships in an ontology. These metrics will help select the best ontologies in several application areas, including bioinformatics and genomics.


This book examines two large and generally overlooked diaspora communities, one Jewish and the other Slavic, which found refuge in Shanghai during the period 1900-1950. Victims of discrimination and persecution in their own lands-Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Ukraine-they chose Shanghai as their destination because no documentation was required to enter the city and settle there. In their struggle to survive and build a life in this Chinese open port, they encountered severe political, social, economic, and cultural challenges. The Jewish diaspora community began forming in the early 1900s and increased to more than 18,000 after the initial triumphs of Nazism. The Slavic community eventually numbered about 30,000 people, escaping revolution and persecution from Bolshevik and fascist forces at home and in north China. This book focuses on how these diverse groups, adhering to various religious and cultural traditions, formed communities, preserved their national and cultural identities, chose their leaders, found gainful employment, coped with the alien Chinese culture, educated and raised their children, and established a considerable presence in this large, cosmopolitan city. The author examines at length the different experiences and responses of the two diaspora groups during World War II under the Japanese occupation of Shanghai. With the Chinese Communist takeover of the city in 1949, both groups found themselves in a renewed struggle to find a home, adding still another chapter to the saga of their diaspora experiences. The book concludes with an account of how the two groups handled this new challenge and where they finally found refuge. Apart from the particulars of the Shanghai experience, the story of the two communities clearly resonates with today's accounts of societies in conflict, dislocated populations, and varied struggles to survive and sustain life under trying conditions.


The trafficking of effector T cells is tightly regulated by the expression of site-specific sets of homing molecules. In contrast, naive T cells are generally assumed to express a uniform pattern of homing molecules and to follow a random distribution within the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. In this study, we demonstrate that systemic infection fundamentally modifies the trafficking of circulating naive CD8 + T cells. We show that on naive CD8 + T cells, the constitutive expression of the integrin a 4 b 7 that effects their entry into GALT is downregulated following infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium . We further show that this downregulation is dependent on TLR signaling, and that the TLR-activated naive CD8 + T cells are blocked from entering GALT. This contrasts strongly with Ag-experienced effector T cells, for which TLR costimulation in the GALT potently upregulates a 4 b 7 and enhances trafficking to intestinal tissues. Thus, TLR activation leads to opposite effects on migration of naive and effector CD8 + T cells. Our data identify a mechanism that excludes noncognate CD8 + T cells from selected immune compartments during TLR-induced systemic inflammation. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 190: 000–000. of effector T cells (1). differentiation following homing phenotype


Participatory and cooperative forms of water governance have become regular features of government discourse and stated policy objectives in England. We consider this aspiration from the perspective of farmers in the English lowlands, by analysing the current power dynamic that exists among these farmers, and between them and the key stakeholders involved in water management. To do this we undertake a political economy analysis that places lowland farming and water governance within the evolution of historical processes that, over time, have influenced the ability of farmers to participate in the governance of their water environment. These historical developments are interpreted through the lens of the Power Cube, an analytical tool for thinking about the interplay between different forms of power operating in different types of spaces and at different levels of governance. Our findings reveal that, despite there being a number of structural changes that provide lowland farmers with the opportunity to participate and cooperate in water governance, three distinct barriers stand in the way. These relate to the power 'within' these farmers, which continues to align with a productivist ideology founded on individualism and competition, often at the expense of the environment; the power that government water managers still exercise 'over' farmers instead of 'with' them; and the relationship between lowland farming and environmental interests, where historically the two sides' power 'to' act has been diametrically opposed. The findings point to the importance of developing suitable programmes designed to support and incentivize farmer participation and cooperation.


Feedback linearization requires a unique feedback law and a unique diffeomorphism to bring a system to Brunovský normal form. Unfortunately, singularities might arise both in the feedback law and in the diffeomorphism. This paper demonstrates the ability of a quotient method to avoid or mitigate the singularities that typically arise with feedback linearization. The quotient method does it by relaxing the conditions on diffeomorphism, which can be achieved since there is an additional degree of freedom at each step of the iterative procedure. This freedom in choosing quotients and the resulting advantage are demonstrated for a field-controlled DC motor. Using a Lyapunov function, the domain of attraction of the control law obtained with the quotient method is proved to be larger than the domain of attraction of a control law obtained using feedback linearization.


This study characterizes the cluster production patterns of four Spanish-speaking children, whose data are drawn from original and published research. Each child demonstrates a different pattern of production. The data support previous claims that there is a general preference for "sonority-based onset selection" cross-linguistically; this is explained via an appeal to independently motivated syllable structure markedness constraints. Divergence from the sonority pattern also occurs within and across the children's systems, which also has been observed in previous research. The asymmetries between cluster types are accounted for by appealing to independently motivated segmental markedness and faithfulness constraints. Taken together, the constraint interactions make testable predictions for different typologies of developing and fully-developed grammars.


There is a wealth of literature available that discusses the theory of stakeholder management and engagement, and even lively debates about partnerships, but what does this all mean to the people who will be delivering it in the future, in particular, the students in higher education today. This paper is a meta-analysis which utilises material gathered through the use of class-based activities (debates, exercises and games) from undergraduate cohorts over a three-year period. The activities were designed to extract and collate student perceptions of stakeholder involvement. The research found that involving stakeholders was a complex activity with no easy solution and no single answer, and came to the realisation that what may be highly appropriate on one site was not easily transferable elsewhere. Whilst identifying the negative attributes of stakeholder management was an easy task, thinking through how to apply stakeholder engagement in a real life situation, especially when considering the sustainability agenda, was much more difficult. The majority felt that the current level of stakeholder involvement adopted at development sites was in reality inadequate (and found to be less 'engaging' than publicity material may suggest) and that more should be done to encourage partnerships and higher levels of engagement.


AIM
to identify the prevalence of laboratoric ASA resistance using platelet function tests in patients with ischemic stroke at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and its associated factors.

METHODS
this study was a cross-sectional study involving 50 patients with ischemic stroke who only received ASA treatment. Evaluation of resistance to ASA was performed using Verifynow® platelet function test. ASA resistance was defined as ASA reaction unit (ARU) 550.

RESULTS
there were 7 patients with ASA resistance. The mean age of subjects in ASA resistance group was 51.3±9.2 years; while in ASA responsive group was 57.8±9.7 years. In ASA resistance group, there were 85.7% male patients, 57.1% active smoker and 100% subjects with hypertension.

CONCLUSION
the prevalence of laboratoric ASA resistance in patients with ischemic stroke evaluated using platelet function test at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 14%. The prevalence is more likely to occur in male patients who were active smoker, at younger age and with comorbidity of hypertension.


Over the past decade, the theories of Diffusion of Innovations and of Economics of Standards have been integrated to explain the Diffusion of Standards in Information Technologies. More recently, complex networked technologies unique to particular industries have been identified as a separate category called vertical standards, and the study of their adoption within and across industries has begun. This paper adds to the discourse by developing a theory-based model to explain variance in the adoption of vertical standards by firms. We posit that vertical standards adoption will be influenced by firm-level factors and adopter community-level factors. Key firm-level factors such as prior technology drag, knowledge barriers, and expected benefits, and adopter community-level factors such as standard legitimization and orphaning risk are identified as antecedents of vertical standards adoption. We also identify factors that impact each of these antecedents and put forth a research model interrelating these factors to vertical standards adoption. We expect to test our research model using data collected through a web-based survey of OASIS member firms.


This study focuses on the relationship between Form Four students' beliefs and achievements in English. Thus, it looks into three relevant issues: i) the beliefs held by students, particularly in rural areas, ii) the relationship between students' beliefs and their achievements in the language, and iii) aspects of beliefs which contribute significantly to the achievements. The beliefs encompass five main variables which are second language aptitude, the difficult in second language learning, the nature of second language learning, learning and communication strategies, and motivation. The Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) constructed by Horwitz (1983) was used to elicit the data. Besides, an interview schedule and an English language test are also utilized to find out the relationship between the two variables. 270 Form Four students were selected as the respondents of the study. The respondents were required to sit for the English test. The questionnaire was also administered to the respondents. However, merely 27 students were interviewed to support data yielded by the questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that all variables of BALLI affected students' achievements in English where, specifically, two main factors, i.e., the difficulty of second language learning and motivation significantly contribute to their achievements in the target language. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers concentrate more on these two variables to improve students' achievements in English as they are deemed important factors to their achievement in the target language.


The keenly awaited new play from the Nobel prize-winner A naked satire on the rule of General Abacha in Nigeria, the play chronicles the debauched rule of General Basha Bash who takes power in a coup and exchanges his general's uniform for a robe and crown re-christening himself King Baabu. In the manner of Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi, Soyinka develops a special childish language for his cast of characters who have names like Potipoo and General Uzi. Weaving together burlesque comedy, theatrical excess and storytelling, King Baabu has already been coined as a pet name for the despot par excellence. "We turn Guatu into kingdom, ruled by kings. Nobody complain any more. General Basha Bash is dead. Long Live King Baabu."


Out of Many, One

 In this era of poisonous partisanship, The Reunited States of America is a lifesaving antidote. At a time when loyalty to party seems to be overpowering love of country, it not only explains how we can bridge the partisan divide but also tells the untold story of how our fellow citizens already are doing it.

 This book, a manifesto for a movement to reunite America, will help us put a stop to the seemingly endless Left-Right fistfight while honoring the vital role of healthy political debate. Mark Gerzon describes how citizens all over the country—Republicans, Democrats, and independents—are finding common ground on some of the most divisive and difficult issues we face today.


On the basis of the explanation of rotational seismology as an area of study, a modern approach to the seismic rotation in various continuum models is summarized. The aim of this chapter is to formulate the fundamental requirements for rotational seismometer. Consequently, a review of all existing technologies of rotational seismometers including mechanical, electrochemical, magnetohydrodynamical, as well as optical type solutions is discussed. The analysis of their parameters that considers technical requirements enforced by rotational seismology has indicated an optical instrument using a Sagnac interferometer as the best solution. Fibre-Optic System for Rotational Events & phenomena Monitoring (FOSREM) with its main parameters and features is described as an example of such solution. Moreover, the example of rotational events recorded in Książ observatory, Poland, using mechanical rotational seismometers and FOSREM is presented. There are data for M = 3.8 earthquake near Jarocin, Poland on the 2012.01.06 at 15:37:56 at a distance of about 200 km from Książ. Although the used devices have totally different designs, the results obtained using FOSREM and the results calculated by mechanical devices show compatibility in rotational signals.


Employee recruitment and retention have always been contentious and complex decisions for employers. Historically, hiring was based on social processes of human interaction – a prospective employee traditionally submitted a job application and a manager would decide whether or not to call the person in for an interview. The traditional process is by no means perfect, as exemplified in Michael Lewis's Moneyball. The subsequent success of the Oakland A's is often touted as a justification for the use of 'big data' in the workplace, or 'talent analytics' as it is commonly called. Talent analytics has opened up new employer opportunities which use predictive techniques to improve the accuracy of recruitment and retention decisions. Moneyball encapsulates the start of a journey that is gathering increasing momentum. We are entering an age of predictive recruiting and retention which is challenging and changing the foundations of employee selection, with many potential positive benefits for both employers and employees. However, we contend that negative implications can arise through potential forms of discriminatory action that are very different to traditionally constructed forms of discrimination based on certain attributes, such as age, disability, race or sex. Discrimination in the talent analytics era can still be founded on these attributes but discriminatory decisions can now also be founded on random attributes generated through endless correlations of predictive patterns and segmentations founded on prescriptive actions. In order to find a balance between the benefits and the potential negative impacts of talent analytics, we put forward a new conceptual framework, an info-structural perspective which affords the viewer a different lens to consider these new problems and thus moves discussion away from the confines of first generation anti-discrimination and information privacy laws. We then suggest that new forms of info-structural due process could ameliorate issues of structural discrimination through the greater integration of information privacy law and anti-discrimination law.


Extracts from 27 marine algal species (14 Rhodophyta, 5 Phaeophyta, and 8 Chlorophyta) from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) were evaluated for cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity by 3(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, respectively. To determine the specificity of cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, the selective index (SI) was also calculated. The following cancer cell lines were employed: normal canine kidney (MDCK) cells, human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cells, human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells, and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cells. The results indicated that 44% and 51% of the algal species tested showed cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity, respectively. Most of the cytotoxic extracts were from species of Chlorophyta, with Udotea flabellum and U. conglutinate showing the highest cytotoxic activity against all the cancer cell lines. For Rhodophyta, the Bryothamnion triquetrum extract showed outstanding selective cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells (CC50 8.29 µg mL –1 , SI = 12.04). Two of the five species of Phaeophyta tested (Lobophora variegata and Dictyota caribaea) showed high cytotoxicity activity against the KB cell line. The data show that these species are a potential source of compounds for the treatment of certain cancer diseases.


Number of studies have shown that adult male migration from rural areas for harnessing better employment opportunities, assist in achieving financial stability to the migrants family but research shows that the absence of parent can be detrimental to a child's social and psychological development. Migration of adult household members can affect the education of the Children who are left behind in several ways. On the basis of a sample survey of 200 households spread over six villages in three blocks of Kendrapara district in Odisha, India, this paper analyses the educational status of the children left behind. The results indicate that migration matters for the education of children. It is evident from the study that enrolment-wise children of migrant households are ahead of those of returned migrant and non-migrant households, in the case of school attendance, continuation in education and educational attainment they lag behind the children in the latter two categories of household


This paper investigates the effectiveness of two state representations, CNF and DNF, in contingent planning. To this end, we developed a new contingent planner, called CNFct, using the AND/OR forward search algorithm PrAO [To et al., 2011] and an extension of the CNF representation of [To et al., 2010] for conformant planning to handle nondeterministic and sensing actions for contingent planning. The study uses CNFct and DNFct [To et al., 2011] and proposes a new heuristic function for both planners. The experiments demonstrate that both CNFct and DNFct offer very competitive performance in a large range of benchmarks but neither of the two representations is a clear winner over the other. The paper identifies properties of the representation schemes that can affect their performance on different problems.


The intensity of H3+ emission can be driven by both temperature and density, and when fitting a set of infrared H3+ line spectra, an anticorrelation between the fitted temperatures and densities is commonly observed. The ambiguity present in the existing published literature on how to treat this effect puts into question the physical significance of the derived parameters. Here, we examine the nature of this anticorrelation and quantify the inherent uncertainty in the fitted temperature and density that this produces. We find that the uncertainty produced by the H3+ temperature and density anticorrelation is to a very good approximation equal to the uncertainties that are derived from the fitting procedure invoking Cramer's rule. This means that any previously observed correlated variability in the observed H3+ temperature and density outside these errors, in the absence of other error sources, are statistically separated and can be considered physical. These results are compared to recent ground-based infrared Keck Near InfRared echelle SPECtrograph (NIRSPEC) observations of H3+ emission from Saturn's aurora, which show no clear evidence for large-scale radiative cooling, but do show stark hemispheric differences in temperature.


The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects a large proportion of threatened California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis), and is an important waterborne pathogen in humans. Contamination of coastal waters with T. gondii is thought to occur through delivery of environmentally resistant oocysts to nearshore regions via overland runoff. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether T. gondii oocysts and surrogate microspheres attach to aggregates (≥ 0.5 mm), and whether the magnitude of aggregation depends on water type, specifically salinity. Laboratory aggregation studies were conducted by adding T. gondii oocysts and surrogate microspheres to riverine, estuarine, and marine waters, and quantifying the proportion of oocysts and surrogates in aggregate‐rich and aggregate‐free water fractions. Attachment of oocysts and surrogates to aggregates occurred in all water types, but was greater in estuarine and marine waters, with concentrations of T. gondii in aggregates enriched 3–4 orders of magnitude. Aquatic aggregates may, thus, significantly influence waterborne transport of terrestrially derived pathogens, both through enhanced settling and subsequent concentration in the benthos, as well as by facilitating ingestion by invertebrate vectors that can transmit pathogens to susceptible hosts, including sea otters and humans.


Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are transforming energy production, but their potential environmental effects remain controversial. We analyzed 141 drinking water wells across the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province of northeastern Pennsylvania, examining natural gas concentrations and isotopic signatures with proximity to shale gas wells. Methane was detected in 82% of drinking water samples, with average concentrations six times higher for homes <1 km from natural gas wells (P = 0.0006). Ethane was 23 times higher in homes <1 km from gas wells (P = 0.0013); propane was detected in 10 water wells, all within approximately 1 km distance (P = 0.01). Of three factors previously proposed to influence gas concentrations in shallow groundwater (distances to gas wells, valley bottoms, and the Appalachian Structural Front, a proxy for tectonic deformation), distance to gas wells was highly significant for methane concentrations (P = 0.007; multiple regression), whereas distances to valley bottoms and the Appalachian Structural Front were not significant (P = 0.27 and P = 0.11, respectively). Distance to gas wells was also the most significant factor for Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses (P < 0.01). For ethane concentrations, distance to gas wells was the only statistically significant factor (P < 0.005). Isotopic signatures (δ13C-CH4, δ13C-C2H6, and δ2H-CH4), hydrocarbon ratios (methane to ethane and propane), and the ratio of the noble gas 4He to CH4 in groundwater were characteristic of a thermally postmature Marcellus-like source in some cases. Overall, our data suggest that some homeowners living <1 km from gas wells have drinking water contaminated with stray gases.


The Flotilla Fresco from Akrotiri on Thera depicts 14 sea craft, with seven large ships seemingly en route between two landmasses. There are, however, strong arguments against the idea of a long-distance voyage, and instead this study supports the concept of a nautical ceremony. By using palaeotopographical research, it is suggested additionally that the fresco depicts a specific setting inside the Theran caldera prior to the Bronze Age eruption; the perspective is from its interior eastern rim, looking west towards the oppositefacing cliffs of the crater's spits. This interpretation overcomes iconographic difficulties such as the placement of the boats and dolphins above the landmasses and the unique depiction of horizontally bedded rocks around the Departure Town.