Abstract Detailed facies-architecture study of a portion of a > 10-kilometer-wide compound incised valley in outcrops of the Turonian Ferron Notom Delta shows three simple incised valleys filled with different facies associations. The valley-fill deposits were mapped with 30 detailed measured sections, photomosaics, and bedding diagrams. The oldest, incised valley 3, forms a terrace deposit that erodes directly into hummocky-cross-bedded lower-shoreface deposits. It is filled with fine- to medium-grained tidally influenced deposits, characterized by abundant mud-draped cross beds, sparse burrowing, and a bimodal paleocurrent-direction pattern. The younger incised valley 2 locally cuts through the valley 3 terrace and also into the lower-shoreface deposits. The valley 2 fill comprises multi-story medium-grained fluvial deposits with minor finer-grained tidally influenced fluvial deposits in the upper 10%. The youngest, incised valley 1, also locally cuts into the lower-shoreface deposits, removing the terraces formed by valleys 2 and 3. Valley 1 is filled entirely with medium-grained fluvial deposits. The composite valley fill records generally increasing fluvial dominance and decreasing tidal influence during successive cut-and-fill episodes associated with each simple valley fill. It is hypothesized to correlate with a longer-term, stepped relative fall of sea level, punctuated by standstills, or minor rises of sea level.


This chapter reports on a collaborative study that used a range of qualitative data (interviews, observations, talk around text, and written reports) as its empirical base to examine academic and professional writing in four schools of the faculty of engineering at a British university. Findings demonstrate that writing in these schools is closely related to its context of production. As such, writing not only reflects the views on knowledge and ideologies of engineering as a discipline but also helps to reaffirm them. The findings contribute to understandings of the nature and dynamics of writing as social practice that emerged from the research efforts of a cross-disciplinary team of researchers in applied linguistics and engineering. They show that both applied linguists and engineers can inform pedagogical approaches to disciplinary writing practices so that they can become more context- and discipline-specific. The chapter concludes by suggesting avenues for further cross-disciplinary research in writing.


Three different syndromes produced by congeners of morphine have been identified in the nondependent chronic spinal dog. These syndromes have been attributed to interaction of agonists with three distinguishable receptors (mu, kappa and sigma). Morphine is the prototype agonist for the mu receptor, ketocyclazocine for the kappa receptor and SKF-10,047 for the sigma receptor. The morphine syndrome (mu) in the dog is characterized by miosis, bradycardia, hypothermia, a general depression of the nociceptive responses and indifference to environmental stimuli. Ketocyclazocine (kappa) constricts pupils, depresses the flexor reflex and produces sedation but does not markedly alter pulse rate or the skin twitch reflex. SKF-10,047 (sigma), in contrast to morphine and ketocyclazocine, causes mydriasis, tachypnea, tachycardia and mania. The effects of these three drugs can be antagonized by the pure antagonist naltrexone, indicating that they are agonists. Further, chronic administration of morphine, ketocyclazocine and SKF-10,047 induces tolerance to their agonistic effects. Morphine suppresses abstinence in morphine-dependent dogs while ketocyclazocine does not. Ketocyclazocine at best precipitated only a liminal abstinence syndrome in the morphine-dependent dog, indicating that it had little affinity for the morphine receptor. Ketocyclazocine thus appears to be a selective agonist at the kappa receptor. Further, it has been shown that buprenorphine is a partial agonist of the mu type which both suppressed and precipitated abstinence in the morphine-dependent dog while morphine and propoxyphene are stronger agonists. Apomorphine and SKF-10,047 produce similar pharmacologic effects suggesting that sigma activity may involve a dopaminergic mechanism.


A novel biochar-coated zero-valent iron [Fe(0)], which was synthesized with rice straw and Fe(0), was applied to remove nitro explosives (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and halogenated phenols (2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4-difluorophenol) from contaminated waters. Due to the presence of biochar on the outside, the removal of nitro explosives and halogenated phenols was significantly enhanced via sorption. The sorbed contaminants were further transformed into reductive products, indicating that the inner Fe(0) played the role of a reductant in the biochar-coated Fe(0). Compared to direct reduction with Fe(0), the reductive transformation with biochar-coated Fe(0) was markedly enhanced, suggesting that the biochar in biochar-coated Fe(0) may act as an electron transfer mediator. Further experiments showed that the surface functional groups of biochar were involved in the catalytic enhancement of electron transfer. Our results suggested that biomass could be used to synthesize a novel sorbent and catalyst for treating redox-sensitive contaminants in natural and engineered systems.


This study seeks to describe how the composition of the physical care environment conditions relatives' involvement in nursing home institutions. It is well known that the physical care environment in institutions has a significant impact on the well-being of residents and the work satisfaction of nursing staff. Less explored is how physical care environmental factors are related to the involvement of relatives in nursing homes. A visual analysis of 52 photographs from three nursing homes in Sweden shows how the physical environment acts to condition the involvement of relatives through the use of design, information displays, and cultural symbols. Although various aspects of the physical environment promoted participation of relatives, that engagement was based on certain limited concepts of involvement. This suggests that other conceptual frameworks of involvement in nursing homes are possible, and that these might encourage other aspects of involvement from the relatives of nursing home residents.


Student reflections on course-based civic engagement provide insights into their experiences and can be a useful foundation for crafting assignments to meet student needs. Rich student narratives emerged from of an immersive semester-long community-based project in a public advocacy course. Although a number of interesting findings, including insights about student learning, personal growth, and empowerment, are embedded in the reflections, this paper focuses on how students described civic engagement, both their experiences and general conclusions about the nature of productive community involvement. Students identified five factors—research, collaboration, effort, passion, and responsibility—as useful and imperative for civic engagement.


Presizing and pretransitioning are run-time optimizations that reduce reallocations of lists. These two optimizations have previously been implemented (together with pretenuring) using Mementos in the V8 Javascript engine. The design of Mementos, however, relies on the support of the garbage collector (GC) of the V8 runtime system. In contrast to V8, dynamic language runtimes written for the GraalVM do not have access to the GC. Thus, the prior work cannot be applied directly. Instead, an alternative implementation approach without reliance on the GC is needed and poses different challenges. In this paper we explore and analyze an approach for implementing these two optimizations in the context of GraalVM, using the Python implementation for GraalVM as an example. We substantiate these thoughts with rough performance numbers taken from our prototype on which we tested different presizing strategies.


Climate projections are uncertain; this uncertainty is costly and impedes progress on climate policy. This uncertainty is primarily parametric (what numbers do we plug into our equations?), structural (what equations do we use in the first place?), and due to internal variability (natural variability intrinsic to the climate system). The former and latter are straightforward to characterise in principle, though may be computationally intensive for complex climate models. The second is more challenging to characterise and is therefore often ignored. We developed a Bayesian approach to quantify structural uncertainty in climate projections, using the idealised energy-balance model representations of climate physics that underpin many economists' integrated assessment models (IAMs) (and therefore their policy recommendations). We define a model selection parameter, which switches on one of a suite of proposed climate nonlinearities and multidecadal climate feedbacks. We find that a model with a temperature-dependent climate feedback is most consistent with global mean surface temperature observations, but that the sign of the temperature-dependence is opposite of what Earth system models suggest. This difference of sign is likely due to the assumption tha the recent pattern effect can be represented as a temperature dependence. Moreover, models other than the most likely one contain a majority of the posterior probability, indicating that structural uncertainty is important for climate projections. Indeed, in projections using shared socioeconomic pathways similar to current emissions reductions targets, structural uncertainty dwarfs parametric uncertainty in temperature. Consequently, structural uncertainty dominates overall non-socioeconomic uncertainty in economic projections of climate change damages, as estimated from a simple temperature-to-damages calculation. These results indicate that considering structural uncertainty is crucial for IAMs in particular, and for climate projections in general.


- There are a large number of efforts around the world to obtain more net benefits from road infrastructure assets. The road network constitutes one of the largest community assets and is predominately government-owned. Road administrations must maintain, operate, improve, replace and preserve this asset while, at the same time, carefully managing the scarce financial and human resources needed to achieve these objectives. All of this is accomplished under the close scrutiny of the public who pay for and are regular users of the road network, and who increasingly demand improved levels of service in terms of safety, reliability, environmental impact and comfort. Asset management as applied to the roads sector represents "a systematic process of maintaining, upgrading and operating assets, combining engineering principles with sound business practice and economic rationale, and providing tools to facilitate a more organized and flexible approach to making the decisions necessary to achieve the public's expectations". Governments are placing greater pressures on road administrations to improve the efficiency of, and accountability for, the management of the road network. Indeed, in many countries, local highway authorities face formal accountability and reporting requirements on how they manage their assets. Asset management systems offer the prospect of significantly improving road network management outcomes. This report is a review of asset management systems as applied to the roads sector and an analysis of the responses to a survey conducted among those countries represented on Working Group on Asset Management Systems.


Boltzmann machines are able to learn highly complex, multimodal, structured and multiscale real-world data distributions. Parameters of the model are usually learned by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence from training samples to the learned model. We propose in this work a novel approach for Boltzmann machine training which assumes that a meaningful metric between observations is known. This metric between observations can then be used to define the Wasserstein distance between the distribution induced by the Boltzmann machine on the one hand, and that given by the training sample on the other hand. We derive a gradient of that distance with respect to the model parameters. Minimization of this new objective leads to generative models with different statistical properties. We demonstrate their practical potential on data completion and denoising, for which the metric between observations plays a crucial role.


Learner-centered pedagogy defines successful teaching in terms of student learning—and a necessary condition of learning is the motivation to learn. The purpose of this paper is to provide learner-centered teachers with the basic information they need in order to be able to successfully motivate their students. In particular, I focus on three beliefs that are important to students' motivation to learn: (1) beliefs about the subjective value of the learning goals; (2) beliefs about their ability to achieve these goals; (3) beliefs about how well their learning environment supports their learning. I provide concrete suggestions about how we can strengthen these beliefs to increase student motivation. One important implication of the relevant research is that the traditional motivator—the desire for good grades—can be relatively ineffective and, in fact, counterproductive.


An interview in four sessions, in April and May 1994, with Allan James Acosta, Richard L. and Dorothy M. Hayman Professor of Mechanical Engineering, emeritus, in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science. Acosta received his undergraduate and graduate education at Caltech (BS, 1945; MS, 1949; PhD, 1952). He joined the Caltech faculty in 1954 and became a full professor in 1966 and Hayman Professor in 1990. In this interview, he discusses growing up in Southern California during the depression and his early interest in science and engineering; his war service in the U.S. navy, including the navy's V-12 program at Caltech, and his observation of the first A-bomb blasts at Bikini Atoll. After his discharge from the service in September 1946, Acosta returned to Caltech and was hired as an engineer by R.T. Knapp, head of Caltech's Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, which was then testing pumps developed by the Byron Jackson Co. of Los Angeles for Washington State's Grand Coulee Irrigation District. After a year, he became a graduate student. He discusses the Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, established by Knapp in the early 1930s, the establishment of the related Hydrodynamics Laboratory during the war, its evolution under Milton Plesset, and its connections with the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory (GALCIT). He discusses his work in fluid mechanics and heat transfer and his association with mechanical engineering colleagues Rolf Sabersky, Duncan Rannie, Frank Marble, and Edward Zukoski, and later with Christopher E. Brennen. He discusses the history of GALCIT, and his work for the Fluids Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ASME]. He comments on the evolution of the Division of Engineering and Applied Science at Caltech. The interview closes with reminiscences of some of his PhD students.


This dissertation examines the work of four American lesbian expatriate novelists living and writing in Paris in the years between the two World Wars. Altogether six novels are discussed: The Uncertain Feast (1924), The Happy Failure (1925), and This Way Up (1927) by Solita Solano; The Cubical City (1925) by Janet Flanner; The One Who Is Legion (1930) by Natalie Clifford Barney; and Nightwood (1936) by Djuna Barnes. Guided by recent conjectures on the significance of sexuality and gender development proposed by such feminist theorists as Luce Irigaray and Monique Wittig, this dissertation explores these six novels for evidence of shared imagery and communally evolving concepts regarding such issues as female autonomy, female friendship, lesbian identity, lesbian passion, and androgyny. All three of Solita Solano's novels sustain an overt critique of heterosexuality; The Uncertain Feast offers a background example of primary affection between women that may be recognized as a highly encoded model for lesbian relationship. In The Cubical City, Janet Flanner foregrounds women-identified love against a portrait of marriage as a formula for female surrender and submission. Natalie Barney's The One Who Is Legion experiments with narrative form while proposing gynandry as the ideal human state. In Nightwood, Djuna Barnes advances the concept of lesbianism as an entirely alternative ontological stance in a narrative analysis that seems to anticipate the recent theories of Irigaray and Wittig. This study acknowledges Nightwood as a conscious disruption of patriarchal authority and challenges conventional interpretations of the novel as "tragic." Images that recur in the work of Flanner, Solano and Barney are collected and developed to their greatest potential within the densely metaphoric language and structure of Nightwood. Barnes's novel is recognized as the culmination of lesbian literary modernism that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century and is regarded as a work that ultimately calls for the necessity of devising a language capable of expressing female, and in particular, lesbian, reality.


The study of contract law is undergoing a difficult transition as it moves from the theoretical to the empirical. Over the past few decades scholars have focused largely on developing economic theories that offer a normative approach to setting the legal rules governing voluntary exchange. The time has now come to test whether these theories provide a meaningful basis for choosing our laws - in other words, to ask whether empirical data supports the theoretical models that contracts scholars have posited. Unfortunately, this type of empirical analysis has proven exceptionally difficult to conduct, and some commentators are beginning to question whether it will ever be possible to test and revise our economic theories of contract in a meaningful manner. Yet the problem of harnessing information to support complex decisions is not unique to contract law. This Essay explores the possibility that recent technological developments from the field of organizational knowledge management - including advances in meaning-based computing algorithms - will soon make it easier to conduct empirical work in contract law on a much larger scale.


Over the last decades, several technological revolutions have impacted the television industry, such as the shifts from black & white to color and from standard to high-definition. Nevertheless, further considerable improvements can still be achieved to provide a better multimedia experience, for example with ultra-high-definition, high dynamic range & wide color gamut, or 3D. These so-called immersive technologies aim at providing better, more realistic, and emotionally stronger experiences. To measure quality of experience (QoE), subjective evaluation is the ultimate means since it relies on a pool of human subjects. However, reliable and meaningful results can only be obtained if experiments are properly designed and conducted following a strict methodology. In this thesis, we build a rigorous framework for subjective evaluation of new types of image and video content. We propose different procedures and analysis tools for measuring QoE in immersive technologies. As immersive technologies capture more information than conventional technologies, they have the ability to provide more details, enhanced depth perception, as well as better color, contrast, and brightness. To measure the impact of immersive technologies on the viewers' QoE, we apply the proposed framework for designing experiments and analyzing collected subjects' ratings. We also analyze eye movements to study human visual attention during immersive content playback. Since immersive content carries more information than conventional content, efficient compression algorithms are needed for storage and transmission using existing infrastructures. To determine the required bandwidth for high-quality transmission of immersive content, we use the proposed framework to conduct meticulous evaluations of recent image and video codecs in the context of immersive technologies. Subjective evaluation is time consuming, expensive, and is not always feasible. Consequently, researchers have developed objective metrics to automatically predict quality. To measure the performance of objective metrics in assessing immersive content quality, we perform several in-depth benchmarks of state-of-the-art and commonly used objective metrics. For this aim, we use ground truth quality scores, which are collected under our subjective evaluation framework. To improve QoE, we propose different systems for stereoscopic and autostereoscopic 3D displays in particular. The proposed systems can help reducing the artifacts generated at the visualization stage, which impact picture quality, depth quality, and visual comfort. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these systems, we use the proposed framework to measure viewers' preference between these systems and standard 2D & 3D modes. In summary, this thesis tackles the problems of measuring, predicting, and improving QoE in immersive technologies. To address these problems, we build a rigorous framework and we apply it through several in-depth investigations. We put essential concepts of multimedia QoE under this framework. These concepts not only are of fundamental nature, but also have shown their impact in very practical applications. In particular, the JPEG, MPEG, and VCEG standardization bodies have adopted these concepts to select technologies that were proposed for standardization and to validate the resulting standards in terms of compression efficiency.


The purpose of my study is to analyze the contact between Spanish and Valencian in the linguistic landscape of Elche. What are the languages being used and on what types of signs? Does the linguistic landscape reflect the language use and attitudes of the population of Elche? What does the linguistic landscape say about the way language policies are being implemented by local and regional governments? Over 3000 data items were collected and examined based on a number of factors such as the languages being used, the author of the signs, and the location where each sign was observed. Results confirm the dominance of Spanish and suggest a weak implementation of language policies aimed at the normalization of Valencian.


The Markowitz and Usmen (MU) (2003) simulation study reported Michaud (1998) mean-variance (MV) portfolio optimization superior to Markowitz (1952, 1959) out-of-sample on average in each of thirty cases examined. However, a simplified replication of the MU test found thirty percent failures of Michaud relative to Markowitz. Instances of Michaud failures were associated with asset risk and return characteristics inconsistent with diversified portfolio risk management. Risk-return properties in professional asset allocations and large universe portfolio optimizations may often be similarly perverse. The simulation framework in Michaud (1998) can be a valuable diagnostic for risk-return estimate diversification perversity when appropriately applied. Our results underscore the necessity of investment sense oversight and validation for successful application of quantitative methods.


In very pure nitrogen, at high current and pressure, the relative intensities of the bands emitted by the positive column are reversed as compared with those emitted in the conventional discharge. The second positive system, although ordinarily dominating, may be completely suppressed and the N2+ bands strongly enhanced. We attribute the reversal to excitation and ionization in steps via metastable levels. Their low ionization potential limits the energy of the electrons. Possibly the reversal is enhanced by a selection rule. This process, excluding the second positive bands, is contrasted with processes exciting the same bands as the only visible system, namely, the blue afterglow and recombination of atoms on a copper surface. In these experiments, the first positive bands, although not observed, are inevitably excited by cascading but fail to exhibit strong vibration. This limits them to the infrared, visually unobservable range.


When crystals of human DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) complexed with DNA [Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M. R., Wolfle, W., Wilson, S. H., & Kraut, J. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 12742-12761] are soaked in the presence of dATP and Mn2+, X-ray structural analysis shows that nucleotidyl transfer to the primer 3'-OH takes place directly in the crystals, even though the DNA is blunt-ended at the active site. Under similar crystal-soaking conditions, there is no evidence for a reaction when Mn2+ is replaced by Mg2+, which is thought to be the divalent metal ion utilized by most polymerases in vivo. These results suggest that one way Mn2+ may manifest its mutagenic effect on polymerases is by promoting greater reactivity than Mg2+ at the catalytic site, thereby allowing the nucleotidyl transfer reaction to take place with little or no regard to instructions from a template. Non-template-directed nucleotidyl transfer is also observed when pol beta-DNA cocrystals are soaked in the presence of dATP and Zn2+, but the reaction products differ in that the sugar moiety of the incorporated nucleotide appears distorted or otherwise cleaved, in agreement with reports that Zn2+ may act as a polymerase inhibitor rather than as a mutagen [Sirover, M. A., & Loeb, L. A. (1976) Science 194, 1434-1436]. Although no reaction is observed when crystals are soaked in the presence of dATP and other metal ions such as Ca2+, Co2+, Cr3+, or Ni2+, X-ray structural analyses show that these metal ions coordinate the triphosphate moiety of the nucleotide in a manner that differs from that observed with Mg2+. In addition, all metal ions tested, with the exception of Mg2+, promote a change in the side-chain position of aspartic acid 192, which is one of three highly conserved active-site carboxylate residues. Soaking experiments with nucleotides other than dATP (namely, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP, ATP, ddATP, ddCTP, AZT-TP, and dATP alpha S) reveal a non-base-specific binding site on pol beta for the triphosphate and sugar moieties of a nucleotide, suggesting a possible mechanism for nucleotide selectivity whereby triphosphate-sugar binding precedes a check for correct base pairing with the template.


The copper- and iron-containing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe) absorb organic molecules into their pores. When loaded with electron-rich oligothiophenes, these MOFs react under heat to initiate oxidative polymerization of entrapped monomers. This reaction is not observed in the non-redox-active MOF MIL-100(Al). The resulting MOF composites contain conjugated polymer dopants trapped inside their pores, causing profound shifts in the composite electronic structure. We have characterized the composites by infrared, Raman, and UV-visible spectroscopy and examined their structure using confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Reasoning from TD-DFT calculations of an HKUST-1 model system bound to monomers, we rationalize the observed reactivity and propose an initiation mechanism based on a ligand-to-metal charge transfer state.


ABSTRACT In the year 2015, Austria was one of the main European destinations of displaced persons. According to education authoritiesaround 15,000 children with a forced migration background of school age who arrived in Austria over the course of a few months from late2015 to the beginning of 2016 called for immediate and partly temporary solutions. Due to Austrian legislation and unlike other countries,every child living in Austria between the ages of six to fifteen (or for nine years of schooling) is entitled to receive compulsory education. Though the school administration of Vienna generally promotes an inclusive approach to education in regular schools, schools inneighbourhoods with a large refugee population were reportedly unable to provide appropriate and adequate education for all children. Inresponse, the local school authority in Vienna decided to establish temporary classrooms in refugee accommodations. This article describesand analyses the emergence of new educational structures from the point of view of university students and lecturers who took part in theone and a half years of its implementation. The article thereby aims to document specific perspectives on educational emergency measuresat a certain point of time. In both the primary and secondary sectors, the emergence of a new temporary field of specialised and exceptional education were observed and recorded in a thick description of dynamic processes of trans-institutional, trans-organisational, transprofessional, communal, and individual development. Thus, the article presents a multifaceted picture of problems in refugee education under exceptional circumstances. The findings illustrate how insufficient educational opportunities for those falling outside the age of compulsory schooling – in particular, preschool children as well as youth older than fifteen – diminish possibilities for the inclusion of these children within and beyond education.


ABSTRACTThe vital electricity generation sector contributes substantially to CO2 emission in Thailand. In this study 19 relevant sectors, based on input-output tables for the years of 2000, 2005 and 2010, have been aggregated to investigate inter-industry linkages among the power sector and other sectors. Also, the energy multiplier and CO2 multiplier are applied to estimate the direct and indirect energy intensity and CO2 intensity of 19 industries during 2010. Results show that the electricity generation sector has a high forward linkage effect and a relatively low backward linkage effect. Consequently, the electricity generation sector has a significant influence as an input source for other industries, but it has a low capacity for attracting other industries' output. In 2010 the electricity generation sector was the highest energy intensive and CO2 intensive industry with 1,770 × 107 kcal million US$–1 and 3,521 ton CO2 million US$–1, respectively. Besides, total indirect energy intensity and total indirect CO2 intensity from the aggregated 19 sectors accounted for 53% and 52% of the total intensity, respectively. Accordingly, the huge indirect energy intensity and CO2 intensity in the construction, machinery, other manufacturing played significant role in Thai's industry, and should not be overlooked. To promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by the electricity generation and other relevant sectors, this study suggests that the Thai government should promote sustainable design of buildings and improve the electricity transmission and distribution processes. Besides, the environmental impact assessment should be undertaken for proposed nuclear power plant construction in the future. The methodology used herein can be applied to other industries, and they can also provide a guide for governments to evaluate relative economic contribution and environmental impact on energy consumption and CO2 emission.


Seventy per cent of the bedrock in the Mt. Cube area consists of metamorphic rocks of sedimentary and volcanic origin, ranging from middle Ordovician (?) to early Devonian. The total thickness is about 16,000 feet. Two of the oldest stratigraphic units, the Orfordville formation and the Piermont member of the Albee formation, are described in detail because this is the type locality.

The Orfordville formation, presumably middle Ordovician, is 5000 feet thick, and consists of interbedded black schist and volcanic rocks. The schist represents carbonaceous marine mud and sand. The volcanics represent metamorphosed basalt flows and pyroclastics (now amphibolite) with some rhyolite, quartz latite, and dacite (now biotite gneiss). The Piermont member, 1000 feet thick at maximum and locally absent, comprises most of the lower part of the Albee formation, and consists of aluminous, carbonaceous schist interbedded with noncarbonaceous quartzmica schist, quartzite, and fine conglomerate.

About 30 per cent of the bedrock consists of gneissic igneous rocks, ranging from granite to quartz diorite. Most of them belong to the late Devonian Oliverian and New Hampshire magma series.

The stratified rocks were severely folded, broken by thrust faults, and metamorphosed during the late Devonian. Thrusting and overturning of folds is toward the east-southeast, except in the southeastern part of the area, where it is toward the west. The concordant, domical intrusives of the Oliverian magma series were active during the later stages of the folding, and represent the tops of syntectonic phacoliths, rather than pretectonic laccoliths.

The metamorphic and tectonic relationships of minerals in the middle-grade zone of metamorphism are briefly discussed, and an area of wholesale retrograde metamorphism associated with a major thrust fault is described.


Introduction
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition with an estimated world prevalence of 5 million. People with PD in Ireland cannot consistently avail themselves of specialist palliative care services. A recent cross sectional study by Saleem et al, 2013 examined the palliative care needs of people with PD [1]. The study reported problems with mobility as one of the main symptoms for people with PD.
Aim
The main aim of this thesis was to examine the feasibility of engaging people with advanced Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 to 4) in a group exercise programme in a hospice setting. The secondary aim was to examine if this exercise programme impacted on measures of impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions in people with advanced PD.
Methods
Two systematic reviews with meta-analysis were completed to examine the totality of evidence for aerobic and progressive resistance exercise for people with PD. The review output informed the design of a feasibility study comprising six weeks of a lower limb, progressive resistance training programme; once weekly supervised in a hospice out-patient setting and twice weekly unsupervised at home. Primary outcome measure was the SMWT. Secondary outcome measures included the p1-RM, MDS-UPDRS and PDQ-39. Assessments took place at pre, post and six month follow up points. Semi-structured interviews were also outlined and took place at the post assessment.
Results
A significant improvement was found in muscle strength (p < 0.05) of the lower limbs and non-significant improvement in the SMWT, MDS-UPDRS and PDQ-39. Qualitative interview results reported participants experiencing a perceived improvement in walking capacity and identified and outlined four main themes that impact exercise in people with PD. Further research is needed to examine the impact of progressive resistance training for advanced stage people with PD in a hospice setting.


This essay, originally prepared for a symposium on Guantanamo and international law, provides an brief overview of the elements that a comprehensive US counterterrorism should encompass. This overview is set against the question of how the US, as the world's superpower, ought to address its international law obligations. The essay then sets that question against the still-further question of what it means to be the superpower in a world that some believe is gradually evolving into a multipolar world, but which is currently a world of a conjoined US-international global system of security. The essay defends the concept of counterterrorism as strategically best understood as war and rejects the concept of counterterrorism as mere law enforcement. Yet it also rejects the Bush administration's view that the war on terror is at all times and places a war in the legal sense of international humanitarian law. It points out that the most important strategic activities of counterterrorism - and its legal regulation - today lie in matters that are neither law enforcement nor actual war - in intelligence gathering, surveillance, detention, interrogation, and the use of force in abduction and targeted killing outside the scope of either criminal arrest or war in the strict legal sense. Those are the areas where policy ought in fact to be debated, including its legal and human rights aspects; these are the matters in which there are vast lacunae in law and policy. The essay speaks against au courant liberal realism, arguing that not only is it morally wrong, but that its current version disingenously seeks to have its cake and eat it too - to apply hard realism to United States policy, but then salving its idealist conscience by appealing to the international community to act in idealist ways that it knows it cannot and will not. Finally, the essay warns against the post-Bush administration return to early-Clinton era meek multilateralism that, while apparently conciliatory and cooperative with allies and others on many issues, is simply cover for political passivity.


The printing of polymer optical waveguides is in focus of current topics in research. This publication describes the conditioning of flexible substrates for the spray coat application of polymer optical waveguides by using an AerosolJet. We show the capability of preparing the carrier material by experiments concerning the influence to the surface energy. Lines with hydrophobic behavior were applied by using a flexographic printing machine to accomplish the basis for creating polymer optical waveguides with high lateral resolution. The subsequent wetting showed a successful self-structuring of the fluid polymer.


This book is a linguistic-cultural study of the emergence of the Jewish ghettos during the Holocaust. It traces the origins and uses of the term "ghetto" in European discourse from the sixteenth century to the Nazi regime. It examines with a magnifying glass both the actual establishment of and the discourse of the Nazis and their allies on ghettos from 1933 to 1944. With conclusions that oppose all existing explanations and cursory examinations of the ghetto, the book impacts overall understanding of the anti-Jewish policies of Nazi Germany.


1998 was a very warm year for Canada and the High Arctic was no exception. A typical area was Resolute, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, where the thaw season was extended and the thawing degree-days were larger than normal. The warm summer was accompanied by early spring melt and low rainfall. This study documents the thermo-hydrological responses including warming of the top soil, deepening of the active layer, alteration of the evaporation pattern, adjustment of the water table positions and runoff. The presence of semi-permanent snowbanks and patchy wetlands buffer some local sites from the warm and dry summer conditions. This and other studies show that the cryospheric and hydrologic systems may or may not recover quickly from the year to year variations in the climate, depending on how readily the storages (snow, ice and basin moisture) can be replenished. In view of the cumulative effects of storage depletion under climatic warming, short-term studies on thermo-hydrological behaviour in the Arctic provide a useful but insufficient analogue to capture the climatic change impacts.


Objective Variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) has been associated with antisocial behavior in populations with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined whether COMT would predict antisocial behavior in a sample with high levels of behavior problems, not necessarily ADHD. In addition, because previous research suggests that COMT may be associated with ADHD in males, association between COMT and ADHD symptoms was examined. Method This study tested whether variation in three polymorphisms of the COMT gene was predictive of symptoms of conduct disorder and ADHD, in a sample of 174 incarcerated Russian adolescent male delinquents. Results The Val allele of the Val158Met polymorphism was significantly associated with conduct disorder diagnosis and symptoms, whereas the Met allele was associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusion The Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene shows a complex relation to behavior problems, influencing conduct disorder and ADHD symptoms in opposite directions in a high-risk population.


Though it usually makes its appearance only as a footnote in the broader discourse of object design, reflection is a recurring and sometimes noisily divisive topic in object-orientation. Glimmers of reflection pervade even the darkest corners of the tapestry of object orientation's history. In fact, the broader notion of code's self-knowledge, such as run-time method dispatch, goes to the heart of what differentiates objects from other paradigms. Object orientation, at its roots, was about people and human mental models. It is impossible to make serious headway in these models without reasoning about the system outside of its simple imperative expression. By analogy, the silent movie era of film held that by removing speech, the media of film could both appeal to broader audiences and to tap into the broader human universals that speech obfuscates.
 Programs are the silent films that connect much of humanity today. The silent experience plays out at the screen; the Internet is the deep hardware on which it runs, and our software illuminates and articulates the connections between them. To make software fulfil any social agenda of human problem-solving requires a link between the reflections of the individual and those of the soft-ware; to rise to social phenomena requires a computational model that accommodates reflection at the social and societal layers.
 The DCI (Data, Context, and Interaction) paradigm provides a world model whose reflection allows program structure to shift with the dynamics in the context of application while featuring new ways to clearly present program structure to faithfully cap-ture end-user mental models of uses cases and data. DCI and other recent post-modern approaches offer breakthroughs that raise reflection to its proper place as a first-class programming concern.


How can a promise be a lie? Answer: when the promisor never intended to perform the promise. Such incidences of promissory fraud are frequently litigated because they can result in punitive damages awards. And an insincere promisor can even be held criminally liable. Yet courts have provided little guidance about what the scope of liability should be or what proof should be required. This book--the first ever devoted to the analysis of promissory fraud--answers these questions. Filled with examples of insincere promising from the case law as well as from literature and popular culture, the book is an indispensable guide for those who practice or teach contract law. The authors explore what promises say from the perspectives of philosophy, economics, and the law. They identify four chief mistakes that courts make in promissory fraud cases. And they offer a theory for how courts and practitioners should handle promissory fraud cases.


During pregnancy, the placenta plays a vital role in protecting the developing fetus from microbial infections. The multinucleated and terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts actively coordinate host defense through a multitude of mechanisms. In addition to forming a cellular barrier, the syncytiotrophoblasts release extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs from the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC). These vesicle-packaged miRNAs, upon uptake by recipient cells, induce autophagy and limit viral infection, acting against a diverse panel of both DNA and RNA viruses. We have shown that medium conditioned by primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells, which contain these vesicles, confers resistance from pathogens associated with congenital infections to recipient non-placental cells. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that primary human trophoblasts constitutively produce interferon lambda 1 (IFNλ1), leading to a robust induction of interferon stimulated genes in an autocrine and paracrine manner. These parallel pathways, actively coordinated by PHT cells, contribute to the barrier function of the placenta, protecting the developing fetus from viral infections.


Investigating parents' formal engagement opportunities in public schools serves well to characterize the relationship between states and societies. While the relationship between parental involvement and students' academic success has been thoroughly investigated, rarely has it been seen to indicate countries' governing regimes.

The researcher was curious to see whether and how does parents' voice differ in different democracies. The hypothesis was that in mature regimes, institutional opportunities for formal parental engagement are plenty and parents are actively involved; while in young democracies there are less opportunities and the engagement is lower. The assumption was also that parental deliberation in expressing their dissatisfaction with schools differs across democracies: where it is more intense, there it translates to higher engagement. Parents' informedness on relevant regulations and agendas was assumed to be equally average, and their demographic background to have similar effects on engagement.

The comparative, most different systems design was employed where public middle schools last graders' parents in Tartu, Estonia and in Huntsville, Alabama the United States served as a sample. The multidimensional study includes the theoretical review, country and community analyses, institutional analysis in terms of formal parental involvement, and parents' survey.

The findings revealed sizeable differences between parents' engagement levels in Huntsville and Tartu. The results indicate passivity in both communities, while in Tartu the engagement seems to be alarmingly low. Furthermore, Tartu parents have much less institutional opportunities to engage. In the United States, multilevel efforts to engage parents are visible from local to federal level, in Estonia similar intentions seem to be missing and meaningful parental organizations do not exist. In terms of civic education there is much room for development in both countries. The road will be longer for a young democracy Estonia in transforming its institutional systems from formally democratic to inherently inclusive.


. This research aims to improve the problem solving ability of dynamic electrical matter physics. Dynamic electricity is a material that is difficult enough for students to understand because it is abstract. The ability of dynamic electrical problem solving with an ICAR model is important to be practiced by teachers in the learning process. Because the ICAR model is suitable for solving problem-solving abilities in students, the steps of the ICAR model need to be mastered by the teacher so that the teacher is increasingly understanding the innovative model of physics learning. Problem solving ability is the ability to find answers to problems encountered based on prior knowledge and understanding of students. This research was conducted on the 12th grade students of Natural Science High School of State 2 Muara Enim South Sumatra in 2016. This study uses the educational research development approach that has been modified into three steps, namely: 1) preliminary study; 2) development of initial product draft; And 3) major product trials. Data troubleshooting capabilities on dynamic electrical materials are collected using tests. Data were analyzed and calculated using a normalized N-gain score. Based on the result of experimentation of ICAR learning model, it is known to increase the ability of dynamic physics problem solving problem, on: 1) showing model with N-gain = 0.7 high category; 2) analyze the model with N-gain of 0.6 medium category; And 3) interpreting and validating with N-gain 0.7 high categories.


Why has human history unfolded so differently across the globe? Jared Diamond puts the case that geography and biogeography, not race, moulded the contrasting fates of Europeans, Asians, Native Americans, sub-Saharan Africans, and aboriginal Australians. An ambitious synthesis of history, biology, ecology and linguistics, Guns, Germs and Steel is a ground-breaking and humane work of popular science.


Jerry Fodor argues that Darwin was wrong about "natural selection" because (1) it is only a tautology rather than a scientific law that can support counterfactuals ("If X had happened, Y would have happened") and because (2) only minds can select. Hence Darwin's analogy with "artificial selection" by animal breeders was misleading and evolutionary explanation is nothing but post-hoc historical narrative. I argue that Darwin was right on all counts. Until Darwin's "tautology," it had been believed that either (a) God had created all organisms as they are, or (b) organisms had always been as they are. Darwin revealed instead that (c) organisms have heritable traits that evolved across time through random variation, with survival and reproduction in (changing) environments determining (mindlessly) which variants were successfully transmitted to the next generation. This not only provided the (true) alternative (c), but also the methodology for investigating which traits had been adaptive, how and why; it also led to the discovery of the genetic mechanism of the encoding, variation and evolution of heritable traits. Fodor also draws erroneous conclusions from the analogy between Darwinian evolution and Skinnerian reinforcement learning. Fodor's skepticism about both evolution and learning may be motivated by an overgeneralization of Chomsky's "poverty of the stimulus argument" -- from the origin of Universal Grammar (UG) to the origin of the "concepts" underlying word meaning, which, Fodor thinks, must be "endogenous," rather than evolved or learned.


This case book is a tightly organized, manageable volume with emphasis on engaging, well-edited cases, useful notes, and crisp textual analysis. An introductory chapter, which now contains the Kelo case, examines property law's scope and position in the U.S. legal system. The next chapter on landlord-tenant law is accessible for first year law students, providing a challenging forum for discussion of the interplay among the common law of property, statutes, and contractual undertakings. Subsequent chapters deal with personal property, the variety of interests in real property, real estate transactions, attributes of landownership, and how municipal/state government controls private land use.


A rapidly deployable fault tolerant manipulator system consists of modular hardware and support software that allow the user to quickly configure and deploy a fault tolerant manipulator that is custom-tailored for a given task. The main focus of this paper is on the task based design component of such a system, that is, the determination of the optimal manipulator configuration, its base position and the corresponding joint space trajectory for a given task. We introduce a novel agent-based solution approach to task based design and illustrate it with a fault tolerant manipulator design for a satellite docking operation aboard the space shuttle.


Learn practical guidelines for designing and deploying a scalable BGP routing architecture Up-to-date coverage of BGP features like performance tuning, multiprotocol BGP, MPLS VPN, and multicast BGP In-depth coverage of advanced BGP topics to help design a complex BGP routing architecture Practical design tips that have been proven in the field Extensive configuration examples and case studies BGP Design and Implementation focuses on real-world problems and provides not only design solutions, but also the background on why they are appropriate and a practical overview of how they apply into a top-down design. The BGP protocol is being used in both service provider and enterprise networks. The design goals of these two groups are different, leading to different architectures being used in each environment. The title breaks out the separate goals, and resulting solutions for each group to assist the reader in further understanding different solution strategies. This book starts by identifying key features and functionality in BGP. It then delves into the topics of performance tuning, routing policy development, and architectural scalability. It progresses by examining the challenges for both the service provider and enterprise customers, and provides practical guidelines and a design framework for each. BGP Design and Implementation finishes up by closely looking at the more recent extensions to BGP through Multi-Protocol BGP for MPLS-VPN, IP Multicast, IPv6, and CLNS. Each chapter is generally organized into the following sections: Introduction, Design and Implementation Guidelines, Case Studies, and Summary. 1587051095101412003


This study presents a detailed study of the dimensions, geometry, textures and breccias of a well-exposed epithermal vein system, the Kestanelik gold deposit in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey, and investigates the permeability enhancement mechanisms in epithermal gold deposits. Here mineralization is associated with quartz veins up to 13.6 m thick. Vein textures and breccia components indicate repeated sealing and subsequent brecciation of wall rock and pre-existing vein infill. Field and petrographic analyses characterize east–west-trending veins as left lateral faults, whereas NE–SW-trending veins are extensional (Mode I) fractures. Cataclasite and tectonic breccia of wall rocks and early quartz, hydrothermal crackle breccias, and matrix-supported chaotic breccias of pre-existing vein infill, all of which are cemented by late iron-oxide-bearing quartz, indicate that co-seismic rupturing and hydraulic fracturing are two major permeability enhancement mechanisms. In addition, transient variations in local stress direction, caused by syn-mineralization dyke intrusion, may have enhanced permeability on misoriented surfaces and at locations where the dip changes. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding structural geology and kinematics as controls on the location of boiling and mineralization mechanisms in epithermal gold deposits.


Abstract Monazite is the mineral of choice in pelitic rocks for providing time constraints on metamorphic rocks and metamorphic processes. However, unlike rock-forming mineral chronometers such as garnet, the petrogenesis of monazite is relatively poorly understood. Consequently, although it is possible to generate precise monazite ages, the significance of the age in metamorphic rocks is often uncertain. In this contribution, we show how the petrogenesis of monazite can be linked to pressure and temperature information. Four complementary approaches, each illustrated by examples, are discussed: (i) the textural relationships of accessory minerals are used to relate the petrogenesis of monazite to that of the rock-forming mineral assemblage, and through this to P-T; (ii) monazite composition, in particular Y content, is used to relate monazite to the rock-forming mineral assemblage, and thus, to P-T; (iii) the bulk compositional control on monazite stability has been empirically determined and this relationship allows the temperature of initial monazite growth to be estimated in a given bulk composition; (iv) monazite-xenotime thermometry is utilized to provide estimates of the temperature of monazite growth. Either individually or combined, these approaches successfully enable monazite age data to be placed in a P-T framework.


In this paper, a novel approach is implemented to quantify the effects on poverty and inequality of the financial crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997. It relies on the combination of a microsimulation model and a standard CGE model. These two models are used in a sequential fashion in order to simulate the impact of the crisis and to examine counterfactual policy scenarios. The CGE model is based on a Social Accounting Matrix with 38 sectors and 15 factors of production. It captures structural features of the economy, including binding macro constraints, and incorporates general equilibrium effects. The microsimulation model is based on a detailed representation of the real income generation mechanism at the household level. It captures household heterogeneity in terms of income sources, area of residence, demographic composition, endowment in human capital, and consumption preferences. It is based on a sub-sample of 9,800 households from the 1996 SUSENAS survey. This framework allows us to decompose the effects of the financial crisis as well as to compare the i of introducing alternative social policy packages during the crisis such as food subsidies, household transfers or public work programs.


The primary aim of this thesis is to examine archaeological and petrological evidence to address the question of whether the post contact exchange of edge ground axes from the Cloncurry and Mt Isa districts south to Lake Eyre actually occurred before European contact. The thesis provides empirical evidence on axe morphology and reduction from which risk-minimisation and trade and exchange theories are developed. The impact of European settlement on 'traditional' Aboriginal behaviour is sometimes acknowledged by the ethnographer, but seldom assessed comprehensively. Based on the ethnographic record different researchers have proposed quite distinct exchange networks for the stone axes. The aim of this thesis is to focus on previous demarcations of stone axe exchange routes in the Lake Eyre Basin and to compare these against the archaeological and petrological evidence. This methodology provides a test for those ethnographic and historical records which have been the usual (and essentially untested) foundation for mapping stone axe trade routes in the Lake Eyre basin. The metrical analysis of the stone axes is plotted onto AUSLIG 1:250,000 map grids and the changing morphology of the stone axes clearly illustrates the direction of exchange. The variables analysed were length, width, thickness (all maximum measurements), weight, edge angle, hammer dressing, rejuvenation and petrology. With increasing distance from the source stone axes lengths decreased and the level of curation increased. The latter is particularly noticeable in the form of hammer dressing which decreases the edge angles. Based on comparative metrical and geological analysis the stone axes from the northwest of New South Wales seem incompatible with those from the Lake Eyre basin. It is suggested that the exchange routes for stone axes from western New South Wales might be a post-contact transformation in Aboriginal behaviour. The proposed exchange route from the Mt Isa region seems to be a combination of McBryde's (1 997) cultural landscape south to Glenormiston and McCarthy's (1939) Red Ochre Route from Glenormiston to Kopperamanna. In the northern regions of the Lake Eyre basin this route differs markedly from previous archaeological, historical and ethnographic demarcations. In the concluding stages of the thesis different exchange theories and behavioural models are examined to assess which best accommodate the archaeological and petrological record of edge-ground stone axes in the Lake Eyre Basin as documented in this study. It is suggested that trade and reciprocity were operating simultaneously as risk-minimisation strategies in the harsh environment of the region.


For over a decade, farmers have been collecting site-specific yield data. Many have formed doubts about this investment because of their inability to directly apply this information as feedback for improving management. The objective of this case-study analysis was to investigate how site-specific decisions can be improved by transforming a long-term multiple-crop yield-map dataset into profit maps that contain economic thresholds representing profitability zones. Ten years (1993-2002) of cleaned yield map data [4, 5, and 1 yr for corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), respectively] were collected for a 35.6-ha claypan-soil field in Missouri. Actual input costs and crop prices, published custom rates for field operations, and region-specific land rental prices were used to transform yield maps into profitability maps by year, by crop, and overall for 10 yr. Profit maps revealed large field areas where net profit was negative, largely due to negative profit from corn production on areas where topsoil was eroded. The areal extent and degree to which other unique field features affected profitability, such as a tree line and a drainage way, are discussed. This analysis demonstrates how changing yield into profitability metrics can help a producer consider and then decide on different management options. We explore how assessment and exploratory analysis with profitability mapping supports multiple aspects of the decision process, including identification, development, and selection. The decision process discussed supports a producer's need to manage fields with incomplete information and where satisficing rather than optimizing behavior often occurs. This analysis demonstrated how profit mapping can be of value for a producer and provides impetus for the precision agriculture community to consider profit mapping protocols and standards.


The 'securitization' of personal debt has increased the supply of credit and transformedlending patterns to focus on already indebted individuals. This paper draws uponempirical research with a range of stakeholders in the UK mainstream credit industry inthe South of England to interrogate the impact that recent changes to the industry havehad on the growing number of revolving debtors. It seeks to contribute to the developmentof a Critical Community Psychology of debt by providing an account of the ways in whichsubjectivities and distress are impacted by engagements with financial institutions. Ourfindings suggest that a series of social, political and economic transformations have laidthe grounds for the development of an industry where affective relations are central to themanagement of the conduct of a growing number of people. We discuss these findings interms of the growing literature which explores the complexity of the intersections betweenmarkets and actions, which stem from and are mediated by the body and which positdistress as distributed across a range of sociotechnical apparatuses, sites and markets.


"Land is still among the most important assets of the rural population in the developing world. Land resources are governed by a variety of tenure systems based on statutory, customary, or religious law. At the same time, many national, subnational, and local institutions administer the application and enforcement of these laws, relying on a wide variety of policies, rules, and regulations that promote different practices for using and managing land and land-based resources. IFPRI contributes to land policy debates by demonstrating the importance of land policy and its impact on rural people. This occurs across multiple dimensions, including people's livelihoods, the sustainability of the resource base, and the effectiveness of the institutions that govern land. This brief summarizes findings of relevant IFPRI research on land management and governance to promote strategies and policies targeted toward the achievement of gender equity, poverty reduction, and sustainable resource management." Author's Summary


Objectives: The aim of present study was determining the level of satisfaction and its relative factors among parents of mentally retarded children using the services of private rehabilitation centers. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on parents of 150 mentally retarded children, who were selected by quota sampling from eight private rehabilitation centers in Tehran. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and correlation tests, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were utilized to analyze data. Results: Upon the results, overall 88% of participants expressed their satisfaction. The major related factors were the behavior of managers and employees, receiving training for follow-up rehabilitation and education programs for the child at home, and the child's progress. The factors related to dissatisfaction included nutrition services, physical condition of the center and lack of parental participation in decisionmaking on matters related to the child. A significant relationship was found between parental satisfaction and family size, father's job, and the number of other disabled people in the family. Discussion: According to the findings, it seems that patient satisfaction is also affected by the behavioral aspects of care, in addition to the technical aspects. Considering the humans' need for respect and compassion and the sense of being valuable, this finding could be anticipated. The managers of private rehabilitation centers, for attracting and retain clients, need to pay attention to the factors which have impact on service users' satisfaction.


The Warburg effect is commonly recognized as a hallmark of nearly all tumors. In prostate cancer (PCa), it has been shown to be driven by PTEN loss- and Akt hyperactivation-associated upregulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). δ-Tocotrienol (δ-TT) is an extensively studied antitumor compound; however, its role in affecting PCa glycolysis is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that δ-TT inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production in PTEN-deficient LNCaP and PC3 PCa cells, by specifically decreasing HK2 expression. Notably, this was accompanied by the inhibition of the Akt pathway. Moreover, the nutraceutical could synergize with the well-known hypoglycemic agent metformin in inducing PCa cell death, highlighting the crucial role of the above metabolic phenotype in δ-TT-mediated cytotoxicity. Collectively, these results unravel novel inhibitory effects of δ-TT on glycolytic reprogramming in PCa, thus providing new perspectives into the mechanisms of its antitumor activity and into its use in combination therapy.


Aspen parkland in central Canada may change substantially with increased warming and aridity as prairies replace forests, fire return intervals decrease and lake levels decline. We examined the relationships among vegetation, climate, fire and lake-ecosystem properties using lake sediment cores from the current northern and southern boundaries of the aspen parkland in southwestern Manitoba. We analyzed pollen, charcoal, sediment magnetics, biogenic silica, phosphorus, grain size and LOI, and dated the cores using 210Pb and 14C (AMS, calibrated). The Jones Lake record, from the southern edge of the parkland, began considerably earlier (~11 000 cal. BP) than the Mallard Pond record at the northern edge (~8600 cal. BP). These sites were characterized as prairie communities with low fire severity and relatively low lake productivity during the warm, dry period from 9000 to 6000 cal. BP. Beginning around 6500 cal. BP at Jones Lake and 3400 cal. BP at Mallard Pond, conditions appeared to get wetter as indicated by arboreal pollen percentage increases from ~30% to 40— 60%, concurrent with a rise in charcoal and proxies for lake productivity (biogenic silica and percent organic phosphorus). Similar to previous studies along the prairie—forest border, we found that charcoal increased during warmer, wetter periods with increased forest cover and fuel loading rather than during warmer, drier periods of prairie dominance. Our results underscore the importance of regional changes in moisture, and its effects on lake levels and forest biomass, as a dominant control of the aspen parkland dynamics.


Stories abound of public defenders who, overwhelmed with high caseloads, allow defendants to languish in pretrial detention and guilty pleas to be entered without examining the merits of the case. Most defendants cannot afford to hire an attorney, and, thus, have no choice other than to accept the public counsel appointed by the court. In this Essay, I consider whether Professor Benjamin Edwards' central argument in The Professional Prospectus: A Call for Effective Professional Disclosure — that attorneys should provide potential clients with a prospectus disclosing their performance history — applies to criminal defense. I reject the proposition that most people charged with crimes would have better representation if they could choose their attorneys and, to that end, had adequate information about their attorney's past performance. I conclude, instead, that the problem of inadequate criminal defense representation can be better remedied by improving the infrastructure for public defense. This essay contributes to the discussion of the benefits of large public defender offices in two ways. First, it argues that statewide public defender offices can be evaluated for effectiveness, allowing potential clients and the general public to assess the quality of representation they provide. Adequate information about the effectiveness of the large public defender offices can overcome a common mistake that potential clients make regarding criminal defense — that a private attorney is always more effective than a public defender. Second, statewide public defender offices can use performance data and institutional processes to implement uniform structural and attitudinal changes that ensure consistently excellent representation from all attorneys working in the office. The question of access to information about attorney performance is still relevant but should be reframed. It is not a question of how individual clients can evaluate individual attorneys, but of how the public sphere can use the information available to institutionalize excellence in public defense.


An important requirement for meeting obligations under the European Water Framework Directive is the development of a fish-based index that is able to predict the ecological status of surface waters, and particularly be able to distinguish between (nearly) pristine and disturbed conditions. The European Fish Index (EFI), based on the concept of the Index of Biological Integrity, was developed alongside alternative models such as the Spatially Based Method on a European level (SBM-EU), for this purpose. A critical issue about these models is that they are simple to use but are able to predict whether a site is disturbed with a high degree of precision. From this perspective, two prediction errors need to be small: falsely declaring a site disturbed when it is not (false-positive error; FP) and wrongly classifying a disturbed site as undisturbed (false-negative error, FN). For the EFI, the overall FP rate was 22% and the FN rate was 19%. The performance was better for the SBM-EU method with a smaller FP rate of 7% and an FN rate of 20%, but the EFI is preferred because, with only marginal loss of precision, it is far less complex. The EFI consists of a single model based on 10 fish metrics, while the SBM-EU comprises 12 models covering 49 metrics. Comparison of the EFI with existing national or regional fish-based assessment methods found major discrepancies that make intercalibration between these methods impractical.


AIM
The aim was to explore the relationships between the feelings of women who give birth and several birth-related care conditions, the womens' socio-demographic background, personality and perceptions of the quality of intrapartum care.

BACKGROUND
Childbirth is a highly significant emotional event for women and it is an explicit goal that each woman should have a positive childbirth experience.

DESIGN
The nationwide study is cross-sectional and was conducted at Swedish maternity units over two months in 2007.

METHODS
The study group consisted of 739 women (63% response rate). A dimensionality analysis of six emotion items was performed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Non-parametric tests and generalised linear mixed effects model analyses were used to study relationships and to make subgroup comparisons.

RESULTS
In the SEM analysis, a positive and a negative feeling factor were identified. Strong associations between the feeling factors and the womens' perceptions of the quality of care were found, particularly in regard to the so-called identity-oriented approach of the midwives and other health professionals. In addition, a higher intensity of negative feelings was associated with a personality pattern characterised by extraversion, emotional instability and lower degree of conscientiousness, a lower level of education and having had delivery through Caesarean section.

CONCLUSIONS
The positive and negative feelings of women who give birth strongly covary with the women's perception of the quality of their intrapartum care. This pertains in particular to information issues, the midwives showing commitment, empathy and respect, being present during labour and allowing the women to actively participate as much as they want to.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Subgroup differences indicate that midwives should pay increased attention to childbearing women who have primary school education only, a lower emotional stability and/or deliver through Caesarean section.


This article analyses the rise of the Irish theme bar in Britain during the last decade as an example of cultural commodification in the context of Late Capitalism. The paper is also designed to examine the form such bars have taken and suggests that this process represents an example of the reification and consumption of an ethnic identity through a system of signification. The article begins by exploring the emergence of a 'night-time economy' in the 'post-industrial city' as the material context for the commodification of Irishness in the form of the theme bar. It then traces the development and spread of such theme bars from the early 1990s onward. The relationship between the growth of such bars and the advertising campaigns and marketing strategies of a number of major brewing companies will also be viewed. The nature of long-established images of Irish people in general and of the Irish migrant community in Britain in particular will also be discussed as an important context for the symbolic representations of the Irish theme bar. Ultimately the paper will argue that an essentialised conception of an imagined Irish ethnic identity is represented in such theme bars through this pool of pre-existent signs and symbols. In addition, the paper will suggest that such signs and symbols are the means by which cultural practices often closely associated with the Irish migrant community in particular are viewed, commodified and consumed.


This article presents a qualitative analysis of stories of successful students told in adult literacy education. These stories follow a similar narrative, beginning with a protagonist who must overcome life obstacles, makes a conscious decision to change her life, rejects dependency, is of high moral character, remains optimistic despite challenges, and who ultimately succeeds through determination, perseverance, and hard work. After presenting these stories I argue that they are the latest manifestation of a genre of stories told for centuries in the United States and that comprise what many have called the 'American Myth of Success'. This myth, which has its roots in seventeenth-century Puritanism, states that every person, as a result of hard work and effort, can create the life they want for themselves. While these myths might provide hope for some adult literacy learners and teachers, I conclude that unquestioningly telling these success stories help to perpetuate the assumptions of this myth of success, and results in blaming adult learners for their own failure while ignoring social and structural factors that impede success.


Abstract An electron microprobe study of Y-REE-Th phosphate, silicate and Nb-Ta-Y-REE accessory-mineral assemblages revealed the compositional variations and evolution in post-orogenic, hypersolvus Permian A-type metagranite from Turčok, in the Gemeric Unit, of the Western Carpathians, eastern Slovakia. Prismatic zircon I and allanite-(Ce) are primary magmatic phases. However, the late-magmatic to early-subsolidus processes led to the formation of a more complex younger assemblage: bipyramidal zircon II, xenotime-(Y), thorite, gadolinite-hingganite-(Y), Nb-Ta-Y-REE oxide phases [fergusonite-(beta)/samarskite-(Y), aeschynite/polycrase-(Y), and Nb-rich rutile?] and possibly monazite-(Ce). However, monazite-(Ce) and the partial alteration of allanite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and the Nb-Ta-Y-REEminerals are probably connected with a younger Alpine metamorphic overprint of the granite. Thorite appears as a solid solution in the thorite-xenotime-zircon series; it is also enriched in Al. Fergusonite-(beta)/samarskite-(Y) and especially aeschynite/polycrase-(Y) show increased P, Si and Al contents.


This dissertation interweaves the maritime dynamics of Ming China and Chosŏn Korea's northern sea space, the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea, with the Northeast Asian transition of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This region formed an arena in this time period that allowed various players to communicate, negotiate, and contest. It also established a linkage between Northeast Asian terra-centered states and maritime East Asia. A systematic investigation of this particular region is thus essential to improving our understanding of interactive territorial and maritime relations. This dissertation investigates the increase of maritime commerce, wartime logistics, and military intervention in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea. In this context, it also focuses on the relations between ChinaKorea maritime interactions and the two states' border control practices. It further analyzes the interplay between the maritime expansion of Chinese regional military powers, and the Ming and Chosŏn authorities. This study argues that the China-Korea northern space experienced a remarkable maritime orientation and witnessed the development of regional maritime powers. This transition and its interconnection with state control of maritime peripheries played important roles in influencing the Northeast Asian history of this period. The prosperous maritime economy and the successive military operations in China and Korea beginning in the sixteenth century encouraged transmarine mobility and regional integration of their northern littoral across state boundaries. This tendency increased government attention to this area and strengthened state involvement in cross-border affairs. Maritime policies between the Ming and the Chosŏn showed much plasticity and permeability, which benefited their transregional and large-scale deployment of resources, secured their northern coasts, and expanded state influence to the sea. However, these practices also generated tensions with the two authorities' attempts to distinguish their maritime frontiers and control their coastal people. This problem not only existed within China and Korea but it also greatly influenced their relations. Porous and adjustable coastal control in the circumstances of the quickening maritime integration of China and Korea enabled Ming regional military men to grow their individual power across the sea. The establishment of Mao Wenlong's military regime in the early seventeenth century represents this tendency. While Mao's utilization and mobilization of coastal resources furthered his flexibility and semi-autonomy in a changing international environment, this trend also intensified his conflicts with neighboring continental powers and caused his followers to shift their stances between the Ming and the Qing. Beyond the Land: Maritime Interactions, Border Control, and Regional Powers between China and Korea, 1500-1637


Preparation of solid dispersions is a popular pharmaceutical technology designed to improve the solubility and absorption characteristics of drugs. Solubilizing and moisturizing of carriers show influence on therapeutic substances; although dissolution of molecular dispersion of particles of the therapeutic substance in a neutral carrier is of utmost importance. This paper present the results of the research on influence of modification the structure of magnesium nicotinate Mg(Nic) with ligands, glycine and arginine, on the absorption process of Mg 2+ ions in vitro. The absorption area was the small intestine of a rat. It was found that structural changes with an additional arginine or glycine ligand affect the absorption process of Mg 2+ ions. Moreover, the effect of hydrophilic carriers on the partition coefficient (log P) for the system of n-octanol and phosphate buffer was investigated for the solid dispersions containing the examined magnesium salts. Phosphatidylcholine (PC-45) and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP K-30) were used as carriers for solid dispersions with of magnesium salts. It was confirmed that using auxiliary substances PC-45 and PVP changes significantly (p<0.05) P values, corresponding to increasing hydrophobic properties of solid dispersions of the examined salts. It was found that modification of the structure of magnesium nicotinate by amino acids such as arginine or glycine positively influences the absorption process Mg 2+ ions. The research carried out on properties of the solid dispersions containing magnesium salts and phospatidylcholine (PC-45) or magnesium salts and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP K30) showed positive influence of these auxiliary substances.


The second half of the twentieth century witnessed the metamorphosis of Britain from a global, imperial power to a full (if sometimes ambivalent) member of the modern regional partnership that is the European Union (EU). During the same period, transnational criminal activity was transformed from an arena in which criminal fugitives sought merely to evade domestic justice through self-imposed exile to an environment in which improved travel and communication facilities enabled criminals to commute between national jurisdictions to commit crime or to participate in global criminal enterprises run along modern business lines. This development is so serious that it is considered in some quarters a threat to national security and the very fabric of society.


Previous studies of religion and coping have looked at how an event can strengthen or weaken beliefs. However, few studies have explicitly examined the linkages between beliefs, coping strategies, and well-being. In an attempt to look at this more closely, the present study surveyed 193 undergraduates that believe or do not believe in God to see how they report coping with stress. The relationships between beliefs in God, worldview beliefs, different levels of life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and coping methods after a stressful event were also assessed in this study. We expected that stronger beliefs in a benevolent world, control, and God would be related to coping better with a stressful event, as evidenced by higher psychological well-being and life satisfaction. In addition, we also anticipated that those with stronger beliefs would use more positive reappraisal and religious coping with stress. Our results showed many differences between believers and non-believers. After a stressful event, believers tended to use religious coping and positive reframing more than non-believers. There were also significant differences between the two groups on their views of suffering. Although limited by some methodological factors, this study is important in demonstrating that there are relationships between coping methods, worldview beliefs, beliefs in God, and well-being.


Two existing analytical models of particle interference in non-divergent particle jets were modified to include radial symmetry of the particle jet across the nozzle axis, inter-particle spacing, and more complex rebound geometry. Two novel experimental techniques for obtaining the particle spatial and velocity distributions across a micro-abrasive jet were then devised and rigorously tested. One of the above mentioned analytical models was then chosen to be further modified to include the above-mentioned modifications along with the effect of a divergent jet, the ability to simulate high flux cases, and experimentally obtained particle spatial and velocity distributions. All of the models were tested at various jet conditions. The results of the models were quantitatively compared to a previously developed computer simulation and were found to qualitatively agree with previous experimental observations. The modified models allow the critical flux below which inter-particle interference is likely to occur to be determined.


This paper discusses the problem of selecting the working spectral points in the method of selective spectral recording, used to detect contaminants in air by means of differential optical absorption spectroscopy on acousto-optic spectrometers with random spectral addressing. Reducing the number of recorded points of the spectrum, which allows the measurement time to be reduced by an order of magnitude, can simultaneously decrease the selectivity of the analysis, and this presents a problem if the composition of the impurity substances is unknown. A partial solution of the problem is proposed that consists of a preliminary study of the variations of the spectra of the gas mixture, and this makes it possible to statistically distinguish the main variable components in the composition of the gaseous mixture and to identify them with definite gases. Versions are proposed for the construction of adaptive systems based on acousto-optic spectrometers and using the technique developed here.


The designer of the gun had clearly not been instructed to beat about the bush. "Make it evil," he'd been told. "Make it totally clear that this gun has a right end and a wrong end. Make it totally clear to anyone standing at the wrong end that things are going badly for them. If that means sticking all sorts of spikes and prongs and blackened bits all over it then so be it. This is not a gun for hanging over the fireplace or sticking in the umbrella stand, it is a gun for going out and making people miserable with. "1


Weekly and operational labor input requirements were evaluated for experimental production of drip irrigated vegetables at the Fortuna Substation, Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. The total man-hours per ha required in the plastic mulched plots were 1,964.1, 1,644.9, 1,412.7, 1,561, 1,247, 1,382 for peppers, cabbages, watermelons, cucumbers, snap beans (once-over harvest) and snap beans (multiple harvest), respectively. In the nonmulched plots, the man-hours were 1,899.8, 1,460.5, 1,119, 1,386, 1,247, and 1,387, respectively. Labor input for the tomato crop was 3,021.2, 1,891.2, 2,591.1, 1,467.1 in the plastic-staked, non-plastic-staked, plastic-non- staked, non-plastic-non-staked plots, respectively. Pigeon peas (var. Kaki) required 1,334.9 man-hours per ha; 2-B-Bushy variety required 1,368.9. Trickle irrigation installation and dismantling operations needed 4.1 to 16.1% of total labor input; plastic mulch management required 15.3 to 28.4%. Weeding operation amounted to 12.4 to 27.1% of total labor input compared with 28.4 to 62.6% for harvesting and post harvest operation. Use of plastic mulch reduced labor inputs for weeding operation to less than 4%, depending upon crop type and season.


Extracted from text ... 54 Management Today October 2006
Team building:
improving team goal setting
Prof Drikus Kriek lectures at the Unisa
Graduate School of Business Leadership
and may be contacted on 0824648074
for more information on the team management
profile, references used or other
information on teams.
Increased specialisation, benefits of diversity
and flatter organisational structures
are some of the reasons why the use of
teams has become one of the features of
modern day business.
Teams are also used because, in general,
they outperform individuals and organisations
therefore they can increase performance
through the use of teams. For this
to happen, teams ..


To achieve realize sustainable utilization of urban water resources and sustainable social and economic development and to relieve the supply-demand pressure related to water resources in Jiamusi, a simulation model based on system dynamics theory is established to identify the feedback mechanism and the causal relationship among the factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources. The conditions regarding the utilization of water resources in Jiamusi in 2010 are taken as the benchmark for the model, and the supply-demand structure of urban water resources and the geographical characteristics of the region are used as the basis for its establishment. The model is divided into five subsystems described by 64 variables to simulate the supply-demand structure of the water resources in the region, as well as both the individual supply and demand structures, and thus to obtain the supply-demand conditions and the trends of variation in water resources in the short, medium and long terms. The results show that seriously unbalanced supply-demand conditions for water resources will prevail in Jiamusi in the future. By 2030, the supply-demand ratio will be only 0.5987; the level of development and utilization of surface water resources and transit water resources will be relatively low, and the groundwater resources will still be suffering excessive exploitation; the industrial water demand will be greatly increased, and agricultural development will be restricted. With a focus on the problems that may arise in the utilization of water resources at present and in the future, the proposal regarding the realization of the sustainable utilization of water resources and sustainable social and economic development in Jiamusi is presented. The outcomes of this research have important theoretical and practical significance for providing guidance regarding the scientific and reasonable utilization of water resources in Jiamusi.


Gout, which is commonly associated with hyperuricemia, affects 0.2% of the population. Hyperuricemia has a heterogeneous etiology that may be due to either over production and/or reduced renal clearance, of urate. In order to identify the mechanisms underlying reduced excretion of urate, we undertook positional cloning studies of familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN), which is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperuricaemia, a low fractional renal excretion of urate, and chronic renal failure that is associated with interstitial fibrosis. The FJHN locus has been previously localized to a 22 centiMorgan interval flanked centromerically by D16S401 and telomerically by D16S3069, on chromosome 16p11-p13. This interval contains over 120 genes and we selected 13 renal expressed sequences to search for mutations in 5 unrelated FJHN families that contained 21 affected and 24 unaffected members. This revealed 5 heterozygous missense mutations (Cys77Tyr, Cys126Arg, Asn128Ser, Cys255Tyr and Cys300Gly) that altered evolutionary conserved residues in the gene encoding UROMODULIN. UROMODULIN, which is an 85 Kda glycoprotein, has roles in renal stone formation, the modulation of immune responses, and urothelial cytoprotection. The results of our studies, which have identified the gene causing FJHN, now indicate a further, novel role for UROMODULIN in urate metabolism.


This paper describes the search for astronomical sources of high-energy neutrinos using the AMANDA-B10 detector, an array of 302 photomultiplier tubes used for the detection of Cerenkov light from upward-traveling neutrino-induced muons, buried deep in ice at the South Pole. The absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution were studied by using coincident events between the AMANDA detector and two independent telescopes on the surface, the GASP air Cerenkov telescope and the SPASE extensive air shower array. Using data collected from 1997 April to October (130.1 days of live time), a general survey of the northern hemisphere revealed no statistically significant excess of events from any direction. The sensitivity for a flux of muon neutrinos is based on the effective detection area for through-going muons. Averaged over the northern sky, the effective detection area exceeds 10,000 m2 for Eμ ≈ 10 TeV. Neutrinos generated in the atmosphere by cosmic-ray interactions were used to verify the predicted performance of the detector. For a source with a differential energy spectrum proportional to E and declination larger than +40°, we obtain E2(dNν/dE) ≤ 10-6 GeV cm-2 s-1 for an energy threshold of 10 GeV.


Although Neandertals lived in Europe and western Asia for more than 200,000 years, we know surprisingly little about them or about their everyday lives. Evidence of their behavior is largely derived from the surviving pieces of chipped stone and animal bone that resulted from their activities. One of the largest concentrations of stone and bone artifacts left by Neandertals was at the famous archaeological site of La Quina in southwestern France. This study of the significance of changes through time revealed by an analysis of the chipped stone at La Quina reports on the excavations of the Cooperative American French Excavation Project from 1985 to 1994. It moves beyond the largely descriptive and subjective approaches that have traditionally been applied to this kind of evidence and applies several important quantitative analytical techniques. These new approaches incorporate the history of previous excavations at the site, the results of the work of the Cooperative Project, and the most recent scientific understanding of relevant climatic changes. This is a major contribution to our understanding of Neandertal behavior and industry. It adds new dimensions and perspectives based on innovative techniques of analysis. The analytic methods applied to lithic artifacts that form the heart of the book are the product of considerations about how to best interpret a sequence of multiple contextual samples. The author concludes the book with an extraordinarily useful chapter that places his findings into the larger context of our contemporary knowledge of Neandertal life in the region. The book comes with a compact disc, which includes coded observations used in the analysis in as many as 47 data fields for the more than 11,500 artifacts that will allow professionals and students to further explore the collection of lithic artifacts."


We consider the possibility problem of determining if a document is a possible world of a probabilistic document, in the setting of probabilistic XML. This basic question is a special case of query answering or tree automata evaluation, but it has specific practical uses, such as checking whether an user-provided probabilistic document outcome is possible or sufficiently likely. In this paper, we study the complexity of the possibility problem for probabilistic XML models of varying expressiveness. We show that the decision problem is often tractable in the absence of long-distance dependencies, but that its computation variant is intractable on unordered documents. We also introduce an explicit matches variant to generalize practical situations where node labels are unambiguous; this ensures tractability of the possibility problem, even under long-distance dependencies, provided event conjunctions are disallowed. Our results entirely classify the tractability boundary over all considered problem variants.


From the early 1990s through the peak of the last business cycle, relatively low U.S. unemployment rates seemed to make the United States a model for the rest of the world's economies. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international organizations all praised the U.S. unemployment performance and urged the rest of the world's rich countries to emulate the "flexibility" of the U.S. model. However, this report shows that in the current economic crisis, the U.S. unemployment rate ranks 4th to last among the major OECD countries.


Multi-hop logical reasoning is an established problem in the field of representation learning on knowledge graphs (KGs). It subsumes both one-hop link prediction as well as other more complex types of logical queries. Existing algorithms operate only on classical, triple-based graphs, whereas modern KGs often employ a hyper-relational modeling paradigm. In this paradigm, typed edges may have several key-value pairs known as qualifiers that provide fine-grained context for facts. In queries, this context modifies the meaning of relations, and usually reduces the answer set. Hyper-relational queries are often observed in real-world KG applications, and existing approaches for approximate query answering cannot make use of qualifier pairs. In this work, we bridge this gap and extend the multi-hop reasoning problem to hyper-relational KGs allowing to tackle this new type of complex queries. Building upon recent advancements in Graph Neural Networks and query embedding techniques, we study how to embed and answer hyper-relational conjunctive queries. Besides that, we propose a method to answer such queries and demonstrate in our experiments that qualifiers improve query answering on a diverse set of query patterns.


An anystid mite, Anystis agilis (Banks) (Acarine: Anystidae) has been observed feeding on larval and adult citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) in orange groves in River-side and Ventura counties. The mite has also been known to prey upon aphids and citrus red mites. This observation is important because citrus thrips is one of the two or three most important citrus pests in California, yet very little is known about its natural control. Since the population density of the citrus thrips varies widely from year to year and between different groves in the same year, natural factors not yet understood are operating to produce these observed fluctuations. Thus, this new ob-servation of A. agilis as a predator of citrus thrips is of considerable interest.