What role does Galactic structure play in star formation? We have used the Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) compact-clump catalogue to examine trends in evolutionary stage over large spatial scales in the inner Galaxy. We examine the relationship between the fraction of clumps with embedded star formation (the star-forming fraction, or SFF) and other measures of star formation activity. Based on a positive correlation between SFF and evolutionary indicators such as the luminosity-to-mass ratio, we assert that the SFF principally traces the average evolutionary state of a sample and must depend on the local fraction of rapidly evolving, high-mass young stellar objects. The spiral-arm tangent-point longitudes show small excesses in the SFF, though these can be accounted for by a small number of the most massive clusters, just 7.6 per cent of the total number of clumps in the catalogue. This suggests that while the arms tend to be home to the Galaxy's massive clusters, the remaining 92.4 per cent of Hi-GAL clumps in our catalogue do not show an enhancement of star formation within arms. Globally, the SFF is highest at the Galactic mid-plane and inner longitudes. We find no significant trend in evolutionary stage as a function of position across spiral arms at the tangent-point longitudes. This indicates that the angular offset observed between gas and stars, if coordinated by a density wave, is not evident at the clump phase; alternatively, the onset of star formation is not triggered by the spiral density wave.


Documents in rich text corpora often contain multiple facets of information. For example, an article from a medical document collection might consist of multifaceted information about symptoms, treatments, causes, diagnoses, prognoses, and preventions. Thus, documents in the collection may have different relations across each of these various facets. Topic analysis and exploration for such multi-relational corpora is a challenging visual analytic task. This paper presents Solar Map, a multifaceted visual analytic technique for visually exploring topics in multi-relational data. Solar Map simultaneously visualizes the topic distribution of the underlying entities from one facet together with keyword distributions that convey the semantic definition of each cluster along a secondary facet. Solar Map combines several visual techniques including 1) topic contour clusters and interactive multifaceted keyword topic rings, 2) a global layout optimization algorithm that aligns each topic cluster with its corresponding keywords, and 3) 2) an optimal temporal network segmentation and layout method that renders temporal evolution of clusters. Finally, the paper concludes with two case studies and quantitative user evaluation which show the power of the Solar Map technique.


ABSTRACT

We investigated the variability of in-situ and columnar aerosol optical properties (AOPs) at two regional background sites in the Asian continental outflow from 2012 to 2014. The monthly variability of the AOPs at each site is described in terms of its relationship with regional-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and the resulting changes in air mass sources. The median aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient values for sub-10 µm particles (σsp10 μm and σap10 μm) were larger at the polluted marine site, Gosan (GSN; σsp10 μm: 59.94 Mm–1, σap10 μm: 4.73 Mm–1), than at the high-altitude mountain site, Lulin (LLN; σsp10 μm: 17.07 Mm–1, σap10 μm: 1.72 Mm–1). Elevated σsp10 μm and σap10 μm at GSN in May and June can be explained by the accumulation of locally emitted aerosols along with long-range transported aerosols during conditions of stagnant synoptic patterns, enhanced particle formation and subsequent growth. The significant peaks of σsp10 μm and σap10 μm, with median values of 50.76 Mm–1 and 5.92 Mm–1, at LLN during March and April are attributable to biomass burning aerosols transported from northern Indochina and southern China. The LLN site was mostly influenced by clean free troposphere air and maritime air masses during the other months, showing medians of 14.65 ± 19.81 Mm–1 and 1.46 ± 1.86 Mm–1 for σsp10 μm and σap10 μm, respectively. Lower median sub-micron to sub-10 µm ratios for the aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients at GSN (0.60 and 0.81, respectively) than at LLN (0.81 and 0.91, respectively) are indicative of the larger proportion of coarse aerosols, such as sea salt and dust, at GSN. The single-scattering albedo for sub-10 µm particles showed similar median values at both sites (GSN: 0.93 ± 0.02, LLN: 0.91 ± 0.03).


A 52-year-old woman presented with facial rigidity and jerky movements of all four limbs. These movements lasted for 12 hours. She had circumoral paresthesia and spasm of the carpal and pedal muscles. She was diagnosed with anxiety disorder 2 months ago, and had previously undergone cataract operations on both eyes separately (left eye, 2 days prior to admission; right eye, 4 years ago). She had no history of surgery or irradiation around the neck or central nervous system disturbances such as seizure. She seemed anxious but fully conscious and well oriented. The physical examination revealed an ipsilateral contraction of the facial muscles when tapping the facial nerve (Chvostek sign). Spasm of the hand muscles was induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic blood pressure (Trousseau sign). Laboratory tests showed the following: serum calcium, 4.8 mg/dL (normal range, 8.2 to 10.2); ionized calcium, 0.68 mmol/L (normal range, 1.13 to 1.32); phosphorus, 4.6 mg/dL (normal range, 2.5 to 4.5); albumin, 4.4 g/dL (normal range, 3.8 to 5.3); magnesium, 1.9 mg/dL (normal range, 1.9 to 4.1); intact parathyroid hormone, 1.20 pg/mL (normal range, 8 to 76); and 25(OH) vitamin D, 20.95 ng/mL (normal range, 30 to 100). Brain computed tomography showed extensive bilateral symmetrical calcifications in the cerebellar dentate nuclei (Fig. 1A), basal ganglia (Fig. 1B), and periventricular white matter (Fig. 1C). Because no specific cause of hypoparathyroidism was identified, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. With the use of intravenous calcium, oral calcium supplements, and a vitamin D analog, the patient's symptoms improved gradually. Intracranial calcification is physiological in 0.3% to 1.5% of subjects. The most common pathologic causes are hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. Other causes are tuberous sclerosis, mitochondrial disease, Fahr syndrome, familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, and post-infection. The pathogenic mechanism of basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism is not clear. Its occurrence is believed to be high serum calcium-phosphorous products and poor calcium control.

Figure 1.

Brain computed tomography shows diffuse symmetric parenchymal calcifications involving the cerebellar dentate nuclei (A), basal ganglia (B), and periventricular white matter (C).


An important result in the theory of Riemannian symmetric spaces is the theorem that the universal covering space of a complete locally symmetric space is symmetric. The proof uses the highly nontrivial property enjoyed by Riemann (but by neither Finsler nor G-) spaces that they are automatically analytic when locally symmetric and of class C 1 . Our first theorem, nevertheless, extends the above result to locally symmetric G-spaces, which need not be smooth and which even when smooth are only Finsler, and not necessarily Riemann, spaces. Our second theorem states that a generic locally symmetric G-space is locally Minkowskian. This theorem has no analogue in Riemannian geometry.


Reverse innovation commonly refers to an innovation initially launched in a developing country and later introduced to an advanced country. Adopting a linear innovation model with the four sequential phases of concept ideation, product development, primary target market introduction, and subsequent secondary market introduction, this study expands the espoused definition of reverse innovation beyond its market-introduction focus with reversals in the flow of innovation in the ideation and product development phases. Recognizing that each phase can take place in different geographical locations, the paper then introduces a typology of global innovation with 16 different types of innovation flows between advanced and emerging countries, 10 of which are reverse innovation flows. The latter are further differentiated into weak and strong reverse innovation, depending on the number of innovation phases taking place in an emerging country. This analytical framework allows recasting of current research at the intersection between innovation and international business. Of the 10 reverse innovation flows, six are new and have not been covered in the literature to date. The study addresses questions of ethnocentrism and the continuity of the flow of innovation, and discusses possible extensions of the model with respect to the number of geographical categories and phases of innovation. Four research propositions highlight areas for future investigation, especially in the context of optimizing a firm's portfolio of global innovation competence and capability. The implications for management are concerned with internal and external resistance to reverse innovation. Most significantly, while greater recognition and power of innovation in formerly subordinate organizational units is inconvenient to some, the ability to leverage the potential of reverse innovation makes a firm more likely to succeed in global innovation overall.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal collapses occurring during sleep, leading to chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). Long time ago, OSA has been recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor. Furthermore, it is associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes and has been shown to be a risk factor for insulin resistance and incident diabetes independently of obesity. Since the benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic health have been largely recognized and the effects of reference treatment of OSA (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device) are limited, exercise could limit IH-induced cardiometabolic morbidity in OSA patients. To explore this possibility we conducted 2 studies on human beings and mice in order to characterize physical fitness, fat oxidation capacity, their link with cardiometabolic morbidity in non-obese OSA and to assess the specific effects of IH and the needs in terms of physical activity adaptations. The aims of the second study were to confirm the specific effects of IH on insulin resistance on mice and to explore the possible benefits of different modalities of aerobic exercise training.


Today, despite political acrimony on many domestic issues, both political parties and the majority of the American public seem to agree that the country should find new, domestic sources of energy. When looking for potential domestic energy resources, Indian country stands out as ideal territory for various types of energy development, as "[t]he Bureau of Indian Affairs estimates that while Indian land comprises only five percent of the land area in the United States, it contains an estimated ten percent of all energy resources in the United States." In addition to traditional energy resources, Indian country also has substantial potential to provide alternative energy resources. Recognizing the potential key role that tribes will play in the development of the country's domestic energy resources, Congress and federal agencies recognize that tribes should be included in future plans to develop energy resources. Moreover, many tribes are also interested in energy development to potentially promote tribal sovereignty and self-determination when it can be done in a manner that is consistent with tribal customs and traditions. Recognizing the many potential benefits of increased energy development in Indian country, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 includes a provision designed to spur energy development in Indian country, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs). Assuming a federally-recognized tribe can meet the numerous established criteria, the tribe may enter into a TERA with the Secretary of Interior. Once a TERA exists, the tribe is responsible for managing energy development within its territory. Additionally, TERAs allow tribes to avoid some federal requirements, such as project compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (although the tribe must put an environmental assessment program into place before a TERA will be approved). Despite these incentives, no tribe to date has entered into a TERA. The article explores the reasons for the lack of tribal interest in TERAs. In particular, the article focuses on the provision that waives federal liability once a tribe has entered into a TERA. The article concludes that this waiver of federal liability is a significant contributor to the lack of tribal interest in TERA provisions. Because the article assumes that energy development in Indian country is beneficial to both tribal governments and the federal government and the TERA provisions should, therefore, be reformed to spur tribal interest, the article proposes potential solutions or TERA reforms that would likely lead to increased tribal interest. The proposed reforms include re-establishing federal liability under TERA agreements, or, in the alternative, removing all federal requirements placed upon the tribes through the TERA provisions in order to allow tribes to exercise true sovereignty. The article ultimately concludes that either of the proposed revisions should spur tribal interest in the TERA provisions.


Wage subsidies to private employers have often been proposed by economists as a potentially flexible and efficient method to improve the earnings and employment of low-wage workers. This paper lays out the basic economics of wage subsidies; examines issues arising in the design of alternative forms of wage subsidies; and reviews evidence on the effectiveness of recent U.S. wage subsidy programs and demonstration projects. Wage subsidies to employers to hire disadvantaged workers appear to modestly raise the demand for labor for those workers. Stand-alone wage subsidies (or employment tax credits) that are highly targeted on very specific groups (such as welfare recipients) appear to have low utilization rates and may (in some cases) stigmatize the targeted group. But new evidence based on an examination of changes in eligibility rules for the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, the major U.S. wage subsidy program for the economically disadvantaged from 1979 to 1994, suggests modest positive employment effects of the TJTC on economically disadvantaged young adults. Policies combining wage subsidies with job development, training, and job search assistance efforts appear to have been somewhat successful in improving the employment and earnings of specific targeted disadvantaged groups.


ABSTRACT The differential susceptibilities of mouse strains to xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses (X-MLVs and P-MLVs, respectively) are poorly understood but may involve multiple mechanisms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that these viruses use a common cell surface receptor (the X-receptor) for infection of human cells. We describe the properties of X-receptor cDNAs with distinct sequences cloned from five laboratory and wild strains of mice and from hamsters and minks. Expression of these cDNAs in resistant cells conferred susceptibilities to the same viruses that naturally infect the animals from which the cDNAs were derived. Thus, a laboratory mouse (NIH Swiss) X-receptor conferred susceptibility to P-MLVs but not to X-MLVs, whereas those from humans, minks, and several wild mice (Mus dunni, SC-1 cells, and Mus spretus) mediated infections by both X-MLVs and P-MLVs. In contrast, X-receptors from the resistant mouse strain Mus castaneus and from hamsters were inactive as viral receptors. These results suggest that X-receptor polymorphisms are a primary cause of resistances of mice to members of the X-MLV/P-MLV family of retroviruses and are responsible for the xenotropism of X-MLVs in laboratory mice. By site-directed mutagenesis, we substituted sequences between the X-receptors ofM. dunni and NIH Swiss mice. The NIH Swiss protein contains two key differences (K500E in presumptive extracellular loop 3 [ECL 3] and a T582 deletion in ECL 4) that are both required to block X-MLV infections. Accordingly, a single inverse mutation in the NIH Swiss protein conferred X-MLV susceptibility. Furthermore, expression of an X-MLV envelope glycoprotein in Chinese hamster ovary cells interfered efficiently with X-MLV and P-MLV infections mediated by X-receptors that contained K500 and/or T582 but had no effect on P-MLV infections mediated by X-receptors that lacked these amino acids. In contrast, moderate expression of a P-MLV (MCF247) envelope glycoprotein did not cause substantial interference, suggesting that X-MLV and P-MLV glycoproteins interfere nonreciprocally with X-receptor-mediated infections. We conclude that P-MLVs have become adapted to utilize X-receptors that lack K500 and T582. A penalty for this adaptation is a reduced ability to interfere with superinfection. Because failure of interference is a hallmark of several exceptionally pathogenic retroviruses, we propose that it contributes to P-MLV-induced diseases.


Despite its importance and timeliness Peter Gowan's article "Triumphing toward International Disaster" falls short insofar as it fails to locate "American Grand Strategy" in the context of the global social relations of the capitalist order; particularly problematic is the way that he takes for granted the constitution of "global politics" as a system of nation-states. In our response we try to draw out some of the inconsistencies in Gowan's analysis by engaging the state-centeredness of his argument and discussing some of the implications of this for critical engagement with the changing world order and the current global crisis.


The role played by mitigation in academic discourse has been widely debated in the literature, but little attention has been paid to emphatics, expressions used to intensify the degree of certainty of an utterance and to increase its illocutionary force. Focusing on the use of adverbs in journal articles and on their evaluative orientations/parameters, the chapter looks at how their frequencies, meanings and uses vary across two "soft" disciplines: history and economics. The study combines a corpus and a discourse perspective, and shows that emphatics signal "engagement" as well as "stance", by positioning research in the context of disciplinary debate, highlighting the significance of the data or the conclusions produced, negotiating convergent or conflicting positions with the reader.


Bubble-free electroosmotic flow (fr-EOF) of aqueous electrolytes in microfluidic channels with integrated electrodes is demonstrated. Undesirable electrolytic bubble formation is avoided by applying a periodic, zero net charge current to generate a nonzero average potential between the electrodes. Electrokinetic pressure generated in this active segment of the microchannel drives now upstream and downstream where electric field is absent. Flow rates commensurate with theoretical predictions for EOF driven by a dc voltage equivalent to the average net potential have been measured. By significantly reducing driving potentials and liquid exposure time to strong electric fields, fr-EOF opens the way for fully integrated, versatile micro total analysis systems (/spl mu/TAS).


This book deals with the Finite Element Method for the analysis of elastic structures such as beams, plates, shells and solids. The modern approach of Unified Formulation (UF), as proposed by the lead author, deals with the consideration of one-dimensional (beams), two-dimensional (plates and shells) and three-dimensional (solids) elements. Applications are given for structures which are typically employed in civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering fields. Additional topics include mixed order elements, extension to layered composite structures, and the analysis of multifield problems involving mechanical, electrical and thermal loadings.


The aim of this study is to characterize a die attach method suitable for harsh environment as well as high reliability applications. Au-Au thermosonic bonding was selected. Due to high melting temperature of gold, this technique suited well for high temperature applications. In addition, thermosonic bonding introduces ultrasonic energy to soften the material joint and enhance the bonding at the metallic interface. This allows reducing the bond temperature and force. Initial characterization focuses on the effects of bonding parameters – ultrasonic energy, bond force and bond temperature – to relative bond strength. Bonded components were subjected to die shear test to measure bond strength. Cross section and SEM were used to inspect the bond interface and Aubump deformation. Thermal shock cycling (TSC) test performed from -20 to 200C was carried out to examine bond reliability. Experiment results were compared to thermocompression bonding to evaluate the improvement of thermosonic bonding. Initial experiments showed that we obtained successful bonding at temperatures as low as 50C. Maximum shear strength measured was around 400 g/bump. TSC significantly reduced bond strength, but high shear force remained after TSC ranging from 82 to 140 g/bump. Therefore, thermosonic bonding offers high reliability, low temperature and low force process.


Rice plant (Oryza sativa) is a major cereal crop greatly consumed worldwide, and thus plays an essential role in achieving global food security. Since nitrogen is an essential nutrient required by all crops to achieve superior growth and yield, determination of the optimum nitrogen fertilisation amount required for different rice genotypes to achieve optimal yield production as well as root and shoot growth is crucial. In light of increasingly severe global warming, there is an urgent need to study root morphology of rice plants which plays a major role in resisting drought. The objectives of this study is to determine the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilisation required for optimal yield production, root and shoot growth in two Malaysian rice genotypes (MR220 and MR263), as well as to investigate difference between the genotypes in response to nitrogen fertilisation. The two rice genotypes were subjected to different nitrogen treatment levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kgha-1), in two splits: during tillering initiation and panicle initiation. The data on nitrogen treatment effect on vegetative and dry weight parameters (chlorophyll content, total leaf area, root morphology, shoot and root dry weight) were then collected at active panicle development and flowering stage; while grain and dry weight parameters (grain weight, harvest index, total number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, shoot and root dry weight) were collected at maturity. Nitrogen treatment was found to have a significant effect on shoot physiology, root morphology and yield of both the rice genotypes, with optimal nitrogen application rates ranging from 60 to 120 kgha-1. As for differences between genotypes under nitrogen fertilisation condition, MR220 produced significantly higher shoot dry weight, average root diameter and root dry weight as compared to MR263; while MR263 produced root system that was more efficient in nutrient and water scavenging due to significantly higher total root length and surface area as compared to MR220. This study had provided an insight in role of nitrogen in affecting yield, root and shoot growth in rice plants, as well as genotypic differences between different rice genotypes in response to nitrogen fertilisation. As such, it can be concluded that proper nitrogen management and fertilisation in cropping systems is required for optimal growth and yield of different rice genotypes.


Objectives: To determine tolerance rates to cow's milk and soy and to suggest guidelines for follow-up oral food challenges (FU-OFCs) in infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Methods: The authors analysed the data of 23 patients with infantile FPIES who underwent two or more FU-OFCs and were followed up until over 2 years of age. The first FU-OFCs were performed at 6 months of age, and patients were randomly allocated to cow's milk (n = 11) or soy (n = 12) challenge starting groups. Second and third FU-OFCs were performed at 2-month intervals in a crossed and switched-over manner. Results: Tolerance rates to cow's milk and soy were 27.3% and 75.0% at 6 months of age, 41.7% and 90.9% at 8 months and 63.6% and 91.7% at 10 months, respectively. Patients outgrew cow's milk and soy intolerance at age 20 and 14 months. Conclusions: In infantile FPIES, the first FU-OFC should be performed with soy at 6–8 months of age and cow's milk FU-OFC should be conducted at over 12 months of age. Infants with FPIES were observed to outgrow food sensitivities during the first 2 years of life.


Modern, complex digital systems invariably include hardware-implemented finite state machines. The correct design of such parts is crucial for attaining proper system performance. This book offers detailed, comprehensive coverage of the theory and design for any category of hardware-implemented finite state machines. It describes crucial design problems that lead to incorrect or far from optimal implementation and provides examples of finite state machines developed in both VHDL and SystemVerilog (the successor of Verilog) hardware description languages.Important features include: extensive review of design practices for sequential digital circuits; a new division of all state machines into three hardware-based categories, encompassing all possible situations, with numerous practical examples provided in all three categories; the presentation of complete designs, with detailed VHDL and SystemVerilog codes, comments, and simulation results, all tested in FPGA devices; and exercise examples, all of which can be synthesized, simulated, and physically implemented in FPGA boards. Additional material is available on the book's Website. Designing a state machine in hardware is more complex than designing it in software. Although interest in hardware for finite state machines has grown dramatically in recent years, there is no comprehensive treatment of the subject. This book offers the most detailed coverage of finite state machines available. It will be essential for industrial designers of digital systems and for students of electrical engineering and computer science.


PICO question
In stressed dogs, does using a Pet Remedy diffuser, compared to not using one, result in lowered stress levels?
Clinical bottom line
Three studies were reviewed, two that investigated Pet Remedy and one that investigated Valerian (an active ingredient in Pet Remedy) on aspects of canine behaviour associated with stress. The highest quality study was a randomised controlled trial that found that Pet Remedy had no significant effect on particularly stress-susceptible dogs exposed to an acute stressor. The weakest quality study was a randomised controlled trial that found a significant positive effect, but had high levels of industry involvement, weak and incomplete scientific reporting and methodology, and was not peer-reviewed prior to publication. Thus, the findings are unreliable. The final study, which was a quasi-experimental, fixed treatment order, controlled trial, found a positive effect of environmentally applied Valerian (on its own) on behaviour in shelter dogs. However, experimental design limited interpretation of the findings in relation to canine stress reduction, and external validity in relation to applicability to Pet Remedy use is weak.
Where used as an adjunct, Pet Remedy is unlikely to do any direct animal welfare harm and may have a positive effect, based on studies that have unreliable findings and/or low external validity. However, unless further high quality research demonstrates a positive effect of Pet Remedy, veterinary professionals should be cautious about recommending it as an alternative to options with a stronger evidentiary basis, or as a delay to seeking more extensive professional support where needed. There is a need for further research to examine the efficacy of Pet Remedy on behavioural and physiological indices of canine stress reduction across a range of common stressful scenarios to further support veterinary professional decision making.


In portable distributed computing, a major application is to outsource the versatile information to outside cloud servers for adaptable information stockpiling. To test this issue, in this paper, We build up the Searchable encryption for multi-watchword positioned look over the capacity information. In particular, by considering the extensive number of outsourced the reports in the cloud, we use the significance score and k closest neighbor in methods to build up an effective multi-catchphrase look conspire that can give back the positioned indexed lists in view of the exactness. Security analysis demonstrates that our scheme can achieve confidentiality of documents and index, trapdoor privacy, access unlinkability, and obscuring access pattern of the search user. Finally, using extensive simulations. We leverage an efficient index to further improve the Search efficiency, and adopt the blind storage system to conceal access pattern of the search user.


In-depth views of opportunities and constraints. While the term couple typically evokes an image of a (presumably heterosexual) woman and man linked together by an intimate and formal tie, most often marriage, the examination of "couplehood" among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) population offers no such ready romantic image. In fact, to be an older gay or lesbian person means one is more likely to be associated with being alone (Hosteder, 2004). Notwithstanding conforming evidence suggesting a greater proportion of single people among older gay men as compared to heterosexual men and lesbians (de Vries, 2006), diverse manifestations and representations of lgbt couples exist (a diversity that may derive, in part, from legislated marriage inequalities) as do diverse views on what constitutes marriage itself (for example, as not simply a symbol of traditional, heterosexual relationships). Elaborations on this diversity form the basis of the discussion below. It is important to note, as revealed elsewhere in this issue of Generations, an increasing awareness that varied couple forms exist among adults of all ages and among adults in heterosexual couples as well as in lgbt couples. For example, several years ago in this journal, Huyck (2001) described nine types of romantic relationships in later adulthood: marriage, remarriage, partnership, cohabitation, living apart together (lat: wherein partners maintain separate households and finances and occasionally coreside), affairs, abandoned relationships, absent relationships, and unrequited romantic relationships. Huyck noted that each of these possibilities is evident in later life; de Jong Gierveld (2004) further noted that cohabitation and lat are becoming more common in Northern Europe among people of all ages-a pattern believed to be replicated among gay men and lesbians in North America. LGBT COUPLES LGBT has become a ubiquitous acronym. Its reference to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people suggests an inclusive community united by sexual identity or sexual orientation. However, the unity and cohesiveness of diis community has been challenged recendy, including the addition of even a greater number of letters to the lexicon: "Q" for queer and another "Q" for questioning; "I" for intersex; another "F for two-spirit. These additions are driven by many forces, including age (queer is a term more commonly endorsed by younger members of the community-e.g., Adelman et al., 2006), an appreciation of social conditions, temporality and process (the term questioning reflects the more fluid sexual experiences), an increased knowledge and social awareness (the term intersex reflects a renewed appreciation of the complexity of sexual lives, including the presence of genitalia that are neither exclusively male nor exclusively female), and an explicit recognition of the role of culture (two-spirit is a term rooted in Native American and Canadian First Nations' cultures reflecting a third gender or the presence of both a masculine and feminine spirit within the same body). The more complex acronym, lgbtqi, is thus both more inclusive and more diffuse. Even the more basic acronym, lgbt, represents a large group of older adults-perhaps as many as 3 million people age 65 or older and probably as many as 4 million or more by the year 2030 (Cahill, South, and Spade, 2000). Not surprisingly, documentation about this population (including these numerical estimates) is probably more evocative than definitive and potentially miscalculates actual proportions: the legacy of stigma and discrimination (leading to, for example, a reticence to identify as lgbt), the lack of appropriate and standardized terminology (Miller et al., 2007), and the fluid nature of sexuality (de Vries, Croghan, and Worman, 2006) all bear some responsibility for this lack of precision. THE ROLE OF (SAME-SEX) MARRIAGE A central context in the current discussion of lgbt couples is their legal status, most clearly noted in the potent and divisive issue of same-sex marriage in the United States. …


Abstract Introduction We aim to determine whether racial/ethnic health disparities are a consequence of caregiving for persons with dementia and/or health status before becoming a caregiver. Methods Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2012) on 7859 Black, Hispanic, and White couples were analyzed for changes in physical and mental health with incident dementia of a spouse. Results Blacks and Hispanics, but not Whites, had poorer health before becoming caregivers for a spouse with dementia, than those who did not become caregivers. Spouse's dementia onset was associated with caregiver's higher odds of depressive disorder, with no racial/ethnic variation. Racial disparities in caregiver's health were attributed to health differences before caregiving, not differential health changes due to caregiving. Discussion Older Blacks and Hispanics with poor health are at increased risk of caregiving for a spouse with dementia. Protecting the health of persons supporting spouses with dementia requires understanding socioeconomic and cultural factors driving care provision.


In this case study, we analyze the discourse, practices and representations of a group of scientists who issued public statements about the French shale gas controversy. The reasons they gave for engaging in this process of communication focused on their social responsibility, their collective ad hoc expertise and the neutrality of their position. We also investigated how these scientists actually produced their communications, despite the tensions between individual and collective positions. We discuss how this experience led them to reflect both individually and collectively on their representations of science in society.


This study examines the schemata underlying the social dimensions and relationships associated with the processes of Latino identity construction in 500 YouTube postings in response to the Obama Reggaeton video. According to Van Dijk (1998), such schemata allow members of a given group to provide answers to questions such as who they are, what criteria need to be met for membership in their group, and what kinds of relationships are established among their group and other social groups. Along the lines of Wodak et al. (1999), our study unveils six main thematic contents or categories that discursively realize the social dimensions and relationships associated with the Latino identity, and tests them in a corpus of unsolicited data in a deindividuated environment, YouTube, in which social identity, such as the Latino identity, is salient. The analysis lends validity to these categories, as they were found to be highly relevant to the corpus. We argue that the Latino identity is essentially political, both in the narrow and the broad senses of the word (see Gee 2005; Joseph 2006). Furthermore, the Latino identity can only be properly understood within the identity politics climate of the US. Keywords: Latino identity, CMC, YouTube, social identity, ethnic identity, diasporic, migrant on-line communities


With the rapid growth of social tagging systems, many efforts have been put on tag-aware personalized recommendation. However, due to uncontrolled vocabularies, social tags are usually redundant, sparse, and ambiguous. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network approach to solve this problem by mapping both the tag-based user and item profiles to an abstract deep feature space, where the deep-semantic similarities between users and their target items (resp., irrelevant items) are maximized (resp., minimized). Due to huge numbers of online items, the training of this model is usually computationally expensive in the real-world context. Therefore, we introduce negative sampling, which significantly increases the model's training efficiency (109.6 times quicker) and ensures the scalability in practice. Experimental results show that our model can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in tag-aware personalized recommendation: e.g., its mean reciprocal rank is between 5.7 and 16.5 times better than the baselines.


The topic of this thesis is cognitive control: how the brain organises itself to perform the many tasks it is capable of and how it switches flexibly among them. Task-switching experiments reveal a substantial cost in reaction time and accuracy after a switch in tasks. This "switch cost" is reduced by preparation (suggesting anticipatory task-set reconfiguration), but not eliminated. The thesis focuses on the sources of the "residual" cost. Most accounts attribute it to response selection being prolonged on a task-switch trial by task conflict, e.g. by 'task-set inertia' — persisting activation/inhibition of the previous task's S-R rules — or their associative reactivation by the stimulus. Four experiments used event-related potentials (ERPs) to determine which stages of task processing are influenced by a change in tasks, looking for delays in process-specific markers in the ERP. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that a prepared switch to a reading task from a perceptual judgement delayed early ERP markers of lexical access by a large fraction of the RT switch cost, suggesting that a substantial part of the residual cost arises in processes earlier than response selection, possibly due to task-related attentional inertia. Markers of lexical access observed in the non-lexical task were larger on switch than repeat trials, providing the first electrophysiological evidence of task-set inertia. Experiment 3 examined the effects of an unprepared switch in the same way. ERP waveforms were modulated by a switch before markers of lexical access were evident, suggesting additional processing demands compete for resources with lexical access. A simple delay, however, was not found; post-stimulus task-set reconfiguration does not just insert an extra processing stage. Experiment 4 looked for a delay in the onset of an early ERP marker of emotional processing when the task switched between categorising facial expression and classifying a superimposed letter. No such delay was found in this case, and ERP markers of emotion processing were present to the same extent in the letter task. This suggests that, given appropriate spatial attention, processing facial emotion unfolds automatically, independent of attention allocation to the facial features.


In this paper, we present linked 2D/3D texture advection for the interactive exploration of 3D flow. 3D texture advection facilitates a dense representation of the 3D structure of unsteady flow but is subject to problems of occlusion and clutter. Therefore, it is difficult for the user to explore features in occluded regions. We overcome the occlusion problem by adopting an additional 2D representation on several parallel slices through the data set. By linking these two views, our approach allows the user to gain unrestricted access to all spatial areas of the data set and, at the same time, retain a view on the 3D nature of the flow. Furthermore, the 2D view is used to visualize an additional attribute of the data set by color coding, such as vortex strength, temperature, or velocity magnitude. The 2D view lets the user explore flow features by selecting interesting values in this attribute space. A brushing and linking mechanism provides immediate feedback by highlighting selected data values in both the 2D and 3D representations. Finally, we discuss a GPU implementation of our visualization approach that is the technical basis for interactive exploration and real-time visualization without the need for preprocessing.


The competitiveness of the industry is influenced by the effective value chain. Effort to improve the competitiveness mostly done simultaneously and collaboratively between government, local government, and the industrial agent. The aims of this study are to identify supply chain, value chain analysis, to identify role activity of every party in value chain, and to formulate the strategy to optimize the value chain and the competitiveness of small and medium woodcraft industry (SME). This study was a statistic descriptive research using primary data obtained from observation and interview, and case study in two woodcraft industrial centers: Genjahan Village and Kedungkeris Village Yogyakarta. This study found that there are two models of supply chain in wood furniture industry, model 1: the raw material sources are from farmer, sawmill labor, SME agent, and customer, whereas the Model 2: gets additional source from wood seller. The highest value added is obtained by the SME. Value chain optimization aimed to enhance competitiveness through group institutional strengthening.


Computational antitrust comes to us at a time when courts and agencies are underfunded and overwhelmed, all while having to apply indeterminate rules to massive amounts of information in fast-moving markets. In the same way that Amazon disrupted e-commerce through its inventory and sales algorithms and TikTok's progressive recommendation system keeps users hooked, computational antitrust holds the promise to revolutionize antitrust law. Implemented well, computational antitrust can help courts curate and refine precedential antitrust cases, identify anticompetitive effects, and model innovation effects and counterfactuals in killer acquisition cases. The beauty of AI is that it can reach outcomes humans alone cannot define as "good" or "better" as the untrained neural network interrogates itself via the process of trial and error. The maximization process is dynamic, with the AI being capable of scouring options to optimize the best rewards under the given circumstances, mirroring how courts operationalize antitrust policy–computing the expected reward from executing a policy in a given environment. At the same time, any system is only as good as its weakest link, and computational antitrust is no exception. The synergistic possibilities that humans and algorithms offer depend on their interplay. Humans may lean on ideology as a heuristic when they must interpret the rule of reason according to economic theory and evidence. For this reason, it becomes imperative to understand, mitigate, and, where appropriate, harness those biases.


A useful function of augmented reality (AR) systems is their ability to visualize occluded infrastructure directly in a user's view of the environment. This is especially important for our application context, which utilizes mobile AR for navigation and other operations in an urban environment. A key problem in the AR field is how to best depict occluded objects in such a way that the viewer can correctly infer the depth relationships between different physical and virtual objects. Showing a single occluded object with no depth context presents an ambiguous picture to the user. But showing all occluded objects in the environments leads to the "Superman's X-ray vision" problem, in which the user sees too much information to make sense of the depth relationships of objects. Our efforts differ qualitatively from previous work in AR occlusion, because our application domain involves far-field occluded objects, which are tens of meters distant from the user. Previous work has focused on near-field occluded objects, which are within or just beyond arm's reach, and which use different perceptual cues. We designed and evaluated a number of sets of display attributes. We then conducted a user study to determine which representations best express occlusion relationships among far-field objects. We identify a drawing style and opacity settings that enable the user to accurately interpret three layers of occluded objects, even in the absence of perspective constraints.


The role of private debt as a cause of financial crises and prolonged recessions is often neglected. In Cyprus policy concern has focused on government debt despite the problem of a rapid growth of private debt and its wasteful use. Private debt in Cyprus stands at over 350% of GDP, but the European Commission's policy of austerity and encouraging the redeployment of private assets through bankruptcy is based on a misdiagnosis of the problem. Studies of the importance of private debt and balance sheet recessions following financial crises conclude that policy-imposed austerity can only worsen and delay economic recovery. In Cyprus there is scope to raise productive government expenditures through using European Union funds, by raising revenue from the large base of unpaid taxes and by taxing the large shadow economy estimated at over 25% of GDP.


My answer to the question in the title is NO. It is crystal clear that CAPM and its Betas do not explain anything about expected or required returns. There are mountains of evidence to support my stance.

If, for any reason, a person teaches that Beta and CAPM explain something and he knows that they do not explain anything, such a person is lying. To lie is not ethical. If the person "believes" that Beta and CAPM explain something, his "belief" is due to ignorance (he has not studied enough, he has not done enough calculations, he just repeats what he heard to others…) For a professor, it is not ethical to teach about a subject that he does not know enough about.

It is very important to differentiate between a fact (something that truly exists or happens) and an opinion (what someone thinks about a particular thing). It is a fact that Beta and CAPM do not explain anything about expected or required returns.

I welcome comments (disagreements, errors…) that will help the readers to think about using and teaching CAPM and calculated betas. The paper also incorporates 107 comments from readers of previous versions.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between nutritional status and quality of life in a sample of chronic hemodialysis patients.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
Haemodialysis Units of St Vincent's and St George Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.

PATIENTS
Sixty-four patients participated in the nutritional assessment, of which 53 completed the quality of life questionnaire.

INTERVENTION
Nutritional status was assessed using subjective global assessment in addition to a number of anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Quality of life was assessed by means of a patient questionnaire and assessment of physical functioning.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Nutrition status, 6 quality of life subscales related to general well-being, health and functioning, social and economic, psychological/spiritual well-being, and family life, employment status, income, participation in recreational/sports activities, the number of hospital admissions, days of hospitalization, and lengths of hospital stay.

RESULTS
Sixty-four percent of patients were well nourished, 23% were moderately malnourished, and 13% were severely malnourished. Malnutrition was associated with poorer subjective quality after controlling for the affects of sociodemographic and medical variables. Severe malnutrition was also independently associated with poorer physical function, and resulted in significantly more hospital admissions, more days of hospitalization, and longer average lengths of hospital stay.

CONCLUSION
Malnutrition is common in chronic hemodialysis patients and is associated with poorer quality of life when the degree of malnutrition becomes severe. Prospective studies are required to determine whether improving the nutritional status of these patients will result in meaningful improvements in quality of life and other medical outcomes.


We live in a time of unprecedented changes for American lawyers, probably the greatest changes since the Great Depression. That period saw the creation of the lawyer's monopoly through a series of regulatory modifications. Will we see the same following the Great Recession? Formally, no. This Article predicts that formal lawyer regulation in 2023 will look remarkably similar to lawyer regulation in 2013. This is because lawyer regulators will not want to rock the boat in the profession or in law schools during a time of roil.Informally, yes! We are already seeing a combination of computerization, outsourcing, and nonlawyer practice radically reshape the market for law from one that centers on individualized, hourly work done for clients to a market of much cheaper, commoditized legal products. This trend will accelerate over time. The upshot? Formal lawyer regulation will continue on with little change, but will cover an ever-shrinking proportion of the market for legal services.


Child poverty can be measured using approaches that aim to make cross-country comparisons on a regional or global scale or to capture a country's specific poverty context. The first can be referred to as a global approach and the second as a country-specific approach. These underlying rationales for the design and use of a child poverty approach have great implications for their theoretical and conceptual frameworks. This paper investigates whether the conceptual differences between the global and country-specific approaches also draw a different empirical picture of child poverty when applied to a specific country. Vietnam is used as a case study for the application of both approaches and analysis of results. The methodology used identifies children at two different levels of poverty, namely severe deprivation and absolute poverty. Findings suggest that the country-specific approach is more inclusive than the global approach, identifying a larger percentage of children as poor and capturing the large majority of those children identified under the global approach. Poverty figures of both approaches further convey a varying picture of child poverty when considering the different dimensions of vulnerability. The demographic composition of the poverty groups by either one or both of the approaches does not display significant differences.


The emergence of new research based organizational fields drives both scientific progress and economic growth. The emergence of fields necessitates a movement of knowledge between participants within the field, but little is known about the drivers and dynamics of knowledge diffusion within emerging fields. Research has shown that cross-pollination of knowledge plays an important role in innovative processes. However, these studies investigated cross-pollination at the team or individual level or through case-studies of individual technologies while assuming that cross-pollination occurred between concepts. In this paper we move the unit of analysis to the level of the individual concept, and investigate how the cross-pollination of concepts influences concept mobility. The paper, thus, extends the literature's consideration of the impact of cross-pollination on innovative outcomes to investigating how cross-pollination influences knowledge dynamics. Our setting is the cross-pollination of knowledge between nanotechnology and biotechnology, which yielded the new subfield nanobiotechnology. Drawing on a large dataset of publications, patents and press-releases between 1991 and 2005 we track how 133,128 concepts move from science to technology and commercialization. We find strong support for the hypothesis that cross-pollination facilitates concept mobility. Scientists who reside in commercial firms generally assist the mobility of concepts, but hinder the mobility of cross-pollinated concepts. Furthermore, if a patent contains cross-pollinated concepts it is more valuable. This paper contributes to our understanding of how cross-pollination influences the mobility of concepts between institutional contexts, and thus augments our understanding of the commercialization process.


The control system was developed to control, acquire and process the data from the specially designed Roll Damping Rig to measure the roll damping derivatives of aerospace vehicle models. Steady roll technique was used for these measurements in the NAL 1.2m wind tunnel. The earlier control system was configured on two separate computers, viz. one for speed control and the other for data acquisition and processing of the rolling moment data. The system required certain important parameter entries to be duplicated exactly in both the computers for synchronization
of speed and acquisition of the rolling moment data. Certain other data related to the speed information were needed to be transferred from one PC to the other after the
blowdown for data processing. In the new approach some modifications were made to the existing control, data
acquisition and processing programs to run simultaneously in one PC. Additional features were incorporated for better performance and easy handling of the programs, and the necessary data for processing is internally transferred from one program to the other. A feature is incorporated to automatically control and acquire the data for both pre-tare and wind-on and store them with separate filenames for processing. Emergency signals from motor controller, ITCS and manual emergency were provided to stop the motor and to stop the blowdown. The control, acquisition
and processing programs are integrated together to automatically control, acquire and process the data to get the roll damping derivative (Clp) values soon after the
blowdown without much user intervention. The performance of the system was initially validated from bench tests and later used for the roll damping measurements
on the Basic Finner and DMRJ models at various Mach Numbers in the 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel. The results of the roll damping derivatives of the Basic finner model agreed well with the previous results.


Objective The association with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), disease progression and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods We evaluated the association between BNP levels and outcomes, including AF progression, composite outcome of major adverse cardiovascular or neurological events (MACNE) and major bleeding, via pooled logistic regression and Cox frailty models in Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II registry. AF progression was defined as either paroxysmal becoming persistent or permanent, or persistent becoming permanent at any follow-up. Results Among 13 375 patients with AF, 2797 with BNP values at baseline (median age (IQR), 72.0 (63.0–80.0) years; 43.0% women; median BNP, 238 (102–502) ng/L; 42.3% prior heart failure) were included in the models evaluating the association between BNP levels and MACNE or major bleeding. Of these, 1282 patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF at baseline were analysed in AF progression model. The likelihood of AF progression (adjusted OR, 1.11 for every 100 ng/mL; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) and MACNE (adjusted HR, 1.11 for every doubling in BNP values; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22) increased with BNP concentration, while the elevated BNP values were not associated with increased risks of major bleeding. BNP values improved the risk prediction of AF progression and MACNE when added to conventional risk estimates. Conclusions BNP levels are associated with increased risk of AF progression and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AF. Further studies are required to assess whether biomarker-based risk stratification improves patient outcomes. Clinical trial registration NCT01701817.


0. Abstract We consider the design issues of characterizing and appropriately choosing the quality of a product for maximum customer satisfaction and maximum corporate profit. We assume that the basic design configuration of a product is determined and that the designer must select the product quality by imposing statistical tolerances (manufacturing accuracy specifications) and choosing appropriate manufacturing processes. We claim that these design considerations, although often neglected, impact the behavior, cost, and even marketability of the product. A design concept without these specifications is incomplete because i) its feasibility is questionable ii) its cost of production is undetermined iii) its performance is unknown. The design process is seen here as an exploratory activity constrained by the manufacturing systems available. In particular, we provide a decision-analytic methodology to reason about the quality of product and the influences on profit resulting in a specification of manufacturing process and machine accuracy to match customer demands. The method has been implemented and applied to the design of a simple three component assembly to illustrate its capabilities.


Up to 15 years ago the Constitution entrusted State law with the task of regulating the election system of regional councillors. Since the nineties there have been radical changes in the provisions (constitutional and later sub-constitutional) regarding elections of regional Councils, and the Regions have been given concurring or residual legislative competences, thus authorizing them to autonomously adopt rules concerning their own elections. The electoral laws approved by the Councils of Regions from 2001 up to now are nevertheless substantially uniform in contents. Such substantial uniformity was not required. The single Councils could have made far more differentiated electoral choices. We can say that there has been a sort of institutional conformism. The local political classes handling the institutional change were not able (or did not want) to introduce substantial differentiations and innovations and they have only created systems almost identical to one another. Such a conclusion is only seemingly surprising. We notice in fact how difficult it is for party systems to "regionalise themselves", even when political interests of regional bodies are at stake. Every single regional electoral appointment is seen as the opportunity to once again measure general political consent, not as the time to consolidate territorial consent. We realize how weak the regional party systems still are, in spite of the widespread use of federalist rhetoric, and how scantily independent they appear to be. The effect is that the actual uniformity of electoral systems will cause a further step towards uniformity of party systems.


This work reviews different approaches to the thermodynamics of the martensitic transformation in shape-memory alloys developed in the last years, and attempts to give a general unified version in terms of an energy balance which not only considers equilibrium situations but includes as well the possibility of dissipative effects. The thermoelastic transformation is studied in a quasistatic continuous formalism which results from the assumption that the characteristic relaxation times between thermoelastic equilibrium states are comparatively negligible. The analysis reveals the role of different energy contributions (chemical, elastic and dissipative) in the transformation, and the possibility of their evaluation from calorimetric measurements. Concerning hysteresis, we review the memory properties of partial cycles common to this whole class of systems, and present a number of recent approaches developed to model these properties.


Characteristics of patients absconding from an open psychiatry ward in a developing country may be different from both those in developed countries and a mental hospital setting. The aim of this paper is to study the incidence and characteristics of patients absconding from an open psychiatric ward in a general hospital-based psychiatric unit in India. We studied patients consecutively admitted to an open psychiatric ward over a 2-month period. We compared those who absconded with those who did not. Out of 231 patients admitted, 33 absconded. Among those who absconded, 15 had bipolar disorder, 11 had schizophrenia and five had substance-related disorders. Nine had indicated their intention to do so at admission. Ten patients had absconded by the second day. The treatment cost was the likely influencing factor for seven patients who absconded after deemed fit for discharge on clinical grounds. Only 10 patients were readmitted to the hospital within 2 weeks of absconding. The risk of absconding is highest in the early days following. Absconding patients did not differ significantly from others in many socio-demographic and clinical features. Treatment costs are an important consideration in India.


Introductions: Helicobacter pylori is one of the common and medically prominent infections worldwide and an established etiological factor for peptic ulcer disease. This study was conducted to compare the results of two types of Rapid Urease Tests (RUT) for H. pylori infection. Methods: This study was conducted in patients with gastro duodenal diseases visiting Kantipur Hospital from June to August 2010. Antral biopsies were collected from sixty patients visiting endoscopy unit. The diagnosis was of H. pylori infection carried out using two types of rapid urease tests (commercial and homemade) as well as Histopathology. Results: H. pylori infection was detected in 34 (56.67%) of 60 by histological test, 24 (40%) by homemade kit method and 28 (46.67%) by commercial RUT method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for RUT (commercial kit) considering histology as gold standard were 76.74%, 92.31%, 92.85% and 75% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for RUT (homemade kit) were 58.82%, 84.62%, 83.3% and 61.11% respectively. Conclusions: Homemade rapid urease test was sensitive and specific for detection of H. pylori infection than commercial test. Keywords: helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcer, rapid urease test


This paper estimates the aggregate demand for private health insurance coverage in the U.S. using an error-correction model and by recognizing that people are without private health insurance for voluntary, structural, frictional, and cyclical reasons and because of public alternatives. Insurance coverage is measured both by the percentage of the population enrolled in private health insurance plans and the completeness of the insurance coverage. Annual data for the period 1966-1999 are used and both short and long run price and income elasticities of demand are estimated. The empirical findings indicate that both private insurance enrollment and completeness are relatively inelastic with respect to changes in price and income in the short and long run. Moreover, private health insurance enrollment is found to be inversely related to the poverty rate, particularly in the short-run. Finally, our results suggest that an increase in the number cyclically uninsured generates less of a welfare loss than an increase in the structurally uninsured.


Through close analysis of the Canadian context, Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Canada provides an advanced introduction to the challenges and social consequences presented by terrorism today. Featuring contributions from both established and emerging scholars, it tackles key issues within this fraught area and does so from multiple disciplinary perspectives, using historical, quantitative, and qualitative lenses of analyses to reach novel and much-needed insights. Throughout the volume, the editors and contributors cover topics such as the foreign fighter problem, far-right extremism, the role of the internet in fostering global violence, and the media's role in framing the discourse on terrorism in Canada. Also included are essays that look at the struggles to develop specific counter-terrorism policies and practices in the face of these threats. In addition to offering a detailed primer for scholars, policymakers, and concerned citizens, Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Canada confronts the social and legal consequences of mounting securitization for marginalized communities.


Some fifty years after the Snellius I expedition (1929-1930) a Dutch-Indonesian joint expedition is carried out (1984-1985) in the Eastern Indonesian archpelago. Based on two months (September -October 1984) of research at nine different reef localities, a first report will be presented on the general morphology, composition and condition of recent and fossil reefs of these areas. The research areas that will be discussed are the following: Ambon: In the bay of Ambon fringing and patch reefs heavily damaged by silting up, caused by soi1. erosion on the island. North East Ambon an elevated reef from the old Pleistocene. Lucipara islands: Exposed very isolated atoll with some sand cays. Tukang Besi islands: Atoll reefs of Kaledupa. Binongko reef terraces; fossil cliffs modelled from massive Pleistocene reef limestone by coastal abrasion during tectonic uplift of the island; extensive reef terrace dating from the last interglacial; living reef not at the moment constructive. Sumba: East Sumba fringing reefs with influence of land and population. Young Pleistocene reef near Melolo, older terraces higher up. Komodo: Various fringing and patch reefs bordering the east side of the National Park of Komodo. Current swept reefs in the strait of Linta. Gililawa Laut and Tinandja lo~r Miocene reefs. Sumbawa: Fringing reefs in Telok Moti Toi and Sanggar bay near Tambora volcano (erupted in 1815). Coral growth in Bima bay. Pleistocene reef north east of Bima. Taka Bone Rate: Large pseudo atoll with small sand cay reefs (e.g. Tinandja) exposed reefs, coral banks and lagoons. Salayer: fringing reefs at west coast around islands Guang and Sahuluan. Pliocene reefs on both islands; Bahuluan with volcanic core. Sulawesi: Coral reef complex on the shallow shelf off South West Sulawesi, with three rows of reefs, most emerging as sand cay reefs. Because of young Holocene reg~ession in front of Ujung Pandang. Influence of sedimentation and population. Apart from these investigations during the Snellius II expedition, a long term project has been carried out since 1979 in the last area mentioned. A continuation of reef research is planned there, in close cooperation with UnHas (University of Ujung Pandang). The presentation of results will be accompanied by maps and photographs.


Cell surface glycoproteins expressed on growth cones and axons during brain development have been postulated to be involved in the cell-cell interactions that guide axons into their target area. Nevertheless, an unequivocal description of the mechanism by which such molecules exert control over the pathway of a growing axon has not been done. As a crucial requirement in support of a relevant involvement of an axonal surface molecule in growth cone guidance, this molecule should be expressed in the growth cone. The developing retinotectal system provides an excellent opportunity to test whether a particular neuronal surface molecule fulfills the requirement of the spatiotemporal coincidence between its appearance and the emergence of growth cones because its setup follows the rule of chronotopy, i.e., the position of axons in a certain site is determined by the time of their arrival. We have analyzed axonin-1 and the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM), two axonal surface molecules that promote neurite growth in vitro, for their expression in the retina and in the retinotectal system of the chick throughout its development. At stage 18, both axonin-like (A-LI) and Ng-CAM-like immunoreactivity (Ng-CAM-LI) are clearly present in the area where first retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are generated. The immunoreactivity spreads synchronously with the formation of RGCs over the developing retina. From stage 32 on, the inner plexiform layer is also stained according to its temporospatial gradient of maturation. In later stages, the outer plexiform layer and the inner segments of photoreceptors also show immunoreactivity. The development of A-LI and Ng-CAM-LI along the optic nerve, chiasm, optic tract, and in the superficial layers of the optic tectum follows the chronotopic pattern of axons, as was found by earlier morphological investigations. Older axons loose their A-LI. This allows to localize the position of newly formed axons. The fact that A-LI and Ng-CAM-LI parallel the formation and maturation of axons suggests that axonin-1 and Ng-CAM may play an important role in the organization of the retinotectal system.


Debugging is an important prerequisite for the wide-spread application of ontologies, especially in areas that rely upon everyday users to create and maintain knowledge bases, such as the Semantic Web. Recent approaches use diagnosis methods to identify sources of inconsistency. However, in most debugging cases these methods return many alternative diagnoses, thus placing the burden of fault localization on the user. This paper demonstrates how the target diagnosis can be identified by performing a sequence of observations, that is, by querying an oracle about entailments of the target ontology. We exploit probabilities of typical user errors to formulate information theoretic concepts for query selection. Our evaluation showed that the suggested method reduces the number of required observations compared to myopic strategies.


In this paper, we carry out a unified performance analysis of a dual-hop relay system over the asymmetric links composed of both radio-frequency (RF) and unified free-space optical (FSO) links under the effect of pointing errors. Both fixed and variable gain relay systems are studied. The RF link is modeled by the Nakagami-m fading channel and the FSO link by the Gamma-Gamma fading channel subject to both types of detection techniques (i.e., heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection). In particular, we derive new unified closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function, the moment generating function (MGF), and the moments of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of these systems in terms of the Meijer's G function. Based on these formulas, we offer exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP), the higher order amount of fading, and the average bit error rate (BER) of a variety of binary modulations in terms of the Meijer's G function. Furthermore, an exact closed-form expression of the end-to-end ergodic capacity is derived in terms of the bivariate G function. Additionally, by using the asymptotic expansion of the Meijer's G function at the high-SNR regime, we derive new asymptotic results for the OP, the MGF, and the average BER in terms of simple elementary functions.


The paper handles central topics of social system theory, such as contingency,emergence, communication, reality construction based on cognitive epistemology, and differential logic. The conducted discussion is embedded in the construction of a hermeneutic approach to social system theory. Communication is a decisive part of economic systems, but often it is not object of scientific research on economic topics. Even informal business communication is seldom part of economic terms and models. To understand the meaning of social systems from a firms' and methodological perspective we must develop a phase scheme driven by communication, because of their decisive structural role for social systems. Hermeneutic means hereby, from an observer's point of view, a kind of didactical, philosophical opening of business life experiences – it is much more than pure text interpretation. Hence, the observer of social systems has to redefine his own language based preconditions of understanding social systems communication.


Computer operators are often required to maintain static working postures at computer workstations which have been assembled in order to accommodate the morphologies of a maximum number of operators, and these workstations generally have a limited degree of adjustability. The present study sought to investigate the effects of a Standard workstation, designed for "average" users, on an anthropometrically diverse sample of computer operators, and to assess whether physical and perceptual responses, as well as performance efficiency were dependent on stature. Further investigation assessed the influence of personalised adjustments to the Standard workstation, based on the anthropometric characteristics of the subjects, as well as the introduction of a custom-designed 'floating' wrist support, on subject responses. All subjects (n=30) were tested in each of the three workstations: Standard, Personalised and Wrist Support.
The responses elicited in the Personalised and Wrist Support workstations were improved significantly when compared to the Standard workstation. Joint angles were more natural, upper trapezius EMG was reduced, standard of performance improved and perceptual responses indicated a diminished incidence of body and visual discomfort, as well as greater perceived satisfaction with these workstation dimensions.
Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that sufficient adjustability be built into workstations so that it is possible to optimally personalise them for individual operators, thereby reducing the awkward postures adopted during this static type of work.


The lecture will provide basic concepts, methods and examples of high energy spectroscopy for materials sciences. Synchrotron radiation has characteristic features of wide spectral distribution, high brightness, high polarization, pulse structure and so on. Utilization of such features to advanced solid state spectroscopy is reviewed in the lecture. Studies of correlated electron systems and nanomagnetic materials are reviewed..


We use a calibrated stochastic life-cycle model of endogenous health spending, asset accumulation and retirement to investigate the causes behind the increase in health spending and life expectancy over the period 1965-2005. We estimate that technological change along with the increase in the generosity of health insurance may explain independently 53% of the rise in health spending (insurance 29% and technology 24%) while income less than 10%. By simultaneously occurring over this period, these changes may have lead to a "synergy" or interaction effect which helps explain an additional 37% increase in health spending. We estimate that technological change, taking the form of increased productivity at an annual rate of 1.8%, explains 59% of the rise in life expectancy at age 50 over this period while insurance and income explain less than 10%.


Following a mega-advertising blitz in the late summer of 2015, daily fantasy sports (DFSs) entered a maturing fantasy sports market as a new, highly accessible, and potentially lucrative alternative to traditional, season-long fantasy sports. The two activities share a name but represent substantially different business models. In the view of some policy makers and state legislatures, DFS appeared to resemble a new form of sports wagering and as a result, several U.S. states banned the activity. The current study examined the consumption behavior differences and gambling-related dispositions of those fantasy participants who play DFS and those who do not. A total of 314 fantasy football participants were surveyed, and the results contribute to what we know about gambling and DFS participation. Although distinct differences were found between the two groups, the overall assessment of the findings suggest DFS participation appears to align more with highly involved traditional, season-long fantasy sports participation than other forms of gambling.


Government enforcement actions have returned tens of billions of dollars to consumers, investors and employees. This "public enforcement compensation" is important to effective civil law enforcement, yet it is poorly understood and increasingly criticized. Recent scholarship asserts that public compensation mimics class action recoveries and raises the same concerns of accountability to recipients of relief. This Article rejects the class action analogy and presents an alternative framework grounded in the law and practice of public enforcement for understanding the relationship between public compensation and private rights. One scholar goes further and contends that state attorneys general violate constitutional due process protections in obtaining public compensation, but this claim rests on a patently incorrect understanding of how courts view preclusion of private claims for monetary relief following an enforcement action resulting in public compensation. This Article explicates preclusion law as applied to public compensation and explains the primary reason for the scholarly error, which is a failure to appreciate the varying legal authority for public compensation in different regulatory fields. After clearing away the confusion resulting from the inapposite class action analogy and the incorrect understanding of preclusion, the Article focuses on two categories of cases in which public compensation can impair private rights. It proposes law reforms to better align public enforcement with private rights in these circumstances.


Daily rates of infections and deaths collected in several countries during the first SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic are approximated by Gaussian functions of the time elapsed since the dates of first occurrence in each country. This representation reveals designating consistently the time evolution of the country-specific daily rates and of the corresponding total duration of the epidemic. Moreover, the appropriate choice of scale units transforms case numbers and time instances to dimensionless quantities and leads to condensing data from twenty-three countries on two master Gaussian curves (infections/deaths). Thereby, data deviations from the average Gaussian behavior are quantified via error bars integrating the effects of local epidemic specificities, of counting errors and of low statistics. The Gaussian master representation helps fixing unambiguously the epidemic peaks and anticipates the duration of the epidemic while discriminating country data that abnormally depart from the average behavior. Finally, this method builds a basis for investigating the evolution of the epidemic in different countries and for establishing comparisons between country-specific public health policies.


Is there a link between sexuality and poverty in the UK? If so, has this relationship changed over time? This review synthesizes British and international literature while adding top-line findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) to address these questions. It focuses not only on aggregate poverty rates but also on poverty drivers related to household structure, homelessness, health, education, employment and household wealth. The literature and top-line data analyses reveal gay and bisexual men experience greater material disadvantage compared heterosexual men while bisexual women experience greater material disadvantage compared to heterosexual women. Though the international literature sometimes finds material disadvantage for lesbians, the UKHLS data reveal little evidence that lesbians are materially disadvantaged relative to heterosexual women, although any British lesbian material disadvantage may be related to their status as women rather than their sexuality.


In this paper Section 1 distinguishes between two modes of interpreting legal rules: rehearsal and discourse, arguing that the former takes priority over the latter in law, as in many other contexts. Section 2 offers two arguments that following a legal rule in the rehearsing mode presents a riddle. The first argument develops from law, and submits that legal rules do not tell us anything, because they are tautological. The second one develops from philosophy (Wittgenstein's later works), confronting us with the paradox that incompatible courses of action may be derived from any rule. My solution presents a theory of rules as icons (Section 3). I use "icon" rather than "picture," partly to avoid confusion with what is known among philosophers as "the picture theory of meaning." Interpretation in the rehearsing mode hinges on imagination: imagining oneself in the space of reasons for action rather than reasoning oneself. In this act of imagination, we project ourselves into the rule in ways that are similar to the way we grasp the sense of paintings, music, stories, or poems. Finally (Section 4) I will defend the position that my view solves the puzzles in the second section, by arguing (a) that it is a better account of what Wittgenstein wrote than two competing theories (intuitionism and conventionalism), and (b) that it provides a more satisfactory account of how lawyers deal with legal rules in actual practice.


Our participation to ImageCLEFphoto07, for the first time, was motivated by assessing several transmedia similarity measures that we recently designed and developed. The object of investigation consists here in some "intermediate level" fusion approaches, where we use some principles coming from pseudo-relevance feedback and, more specifically, use transmedia pseudo-relevance feedback for enriching the mono-media representation of an object with features coming from the other media. One issue that arises when adopting such a strategy is to determine how to compute the mono-media similarity between an aggregate of objects coming from a first (pseudo-)feedback step and one single multimodal object. We propose two alternative ways of adressing this issue, that result in what we called the "transmedia document reranking" and "complementary feedback" methods respectively. This year, with a "lightly" annotated corpus of images, it appears that mono-media retrieval performance is more or less equivalent for pure image and pure text content (around 20% MAP). Using our transmedia pseudofeedback-based similarity measures allowed us to dramatically increase the performance by »50% (relative). Trying to model the textual "relevance concept" present in the top ranked documents issued from a first (purely visual) retrieval and combining this model with the textual part of the original query turns out to be the best strategy, being slightly superior to our transmedia document reranking method. Enriching the image annotations by extra tags extracted from an external resource (namely the Flickr database) does not oer a significant advantage in the ImageCLEF07 corpus, even if we observed an improvement using other multimedia corpora and query sets. From a cross-lingual perspective, the use of domain-specific, corpus-adapted probabilistic dictionaries seems to oer better results than the use of a broader, more general standard dictionary. With respect to the monolingual baselines, multilingual runs show a slight degradation of retrieval performance ( »6 to 10% relative).


Building on the successful formula of the first edition, Martin Tovee offers a concise but detailed account of how the visual system is organised and functions to produce visual perception. He takes his readers from first principles; the structure and function of the eye and what happens when light enters, to how we see and process images, recognise patterns and faces, and through to the most recent discoveries in molecular genetics and brain imaging, and how they have uncovered a host of new advances in our understanding of how visual information is processed within the brain. Incorporating new material throughout, including almost 50 new images, every chapter has been updated to include the latest research, and culminates in helpful key points, which summarise the lessons learnt. This book is an invaluable course text for students within the fields of psychology, neuroscience, biology and physiology.


Mechanical fault reactivation is a mechanism where high fluid pressures generated within a fault zone can change the effective stress such that an optimally orientated fault segment will rupture. This style of strain has been recognized in three settings: (1) deep crustal locations at greenschist and higher-grade metamorphism with fluid generation; (2) active plate boundaries where tectonic stresses can result in seismicity; and (3) hydrocarbon column buoyancy pressure reactivation of critically stressed fault-bound traps. This paper examines category 3 in the context of mechanical fault reactivation and capillary processes. For water-wetting fault rock, mechanical reactivation may be reached prior to the capillary seal capacity. However, the non-wetting fluid cannot access the fault rock pore space until the hydrocarbon column height reaches the capillary threshold pressure. At the threshold pressure, the non-wetting fluid enters the fault rock imparting a buoyancy pressure in excess of the mechanical reactivation threshold causing rupture. This suggests that in certain circumstances the mechanical fault reactivation by buoyancy pressure is more accurately predicted by the capillary threshold pressure than mechanical reactivation pressure.


Temperature-humidity index (THI) calculation following the equation developed by the National Research Council (A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals, 1971) requires ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH). Those data are widely and readily available at local meteorological stations. However, studies showed that using average AT and RH retrieved from the closest stations is not appropriate for estimating on-farm conditions. The present objectives were (1) to study summer on-farm environmental conditions, (2) to explore the relationship between summer THI calculated with on-farm data and summer THI calculated with local weather station data, and (3) to verify whether THI calculated with summer meteorological station data could be adapted to better represent summer on-farm conditions. Six tiestall dairy farms located in 2 regions of the province of Québec [Eastern Québec (EQ) and Southwestern Québec (SWQ)] were enrolled in this study. Within-barn conditions were monitored using 3 remote data loggers from August 2016 through August 2017. Two loggers were installed inside at varying distances relative to the ventilation inlet (L1: closest to inlet; L2: farthest from inlet) and a third was installed just outside of the barn (L3). Values retrieved from each logger and the closest local meteorological station were used to calculate daily THI according to the National Research Council formula and were ultimately compared. Our results showed that THI varied within the barn depending on the proximity relative to the inlet because THI measured by L1 was lower than THI measured by L2 in both regions. Moreover, our results showed that in both regions AT measured on-farm was consistently higher than AT measured at the weather station. The opposite was observed with RH, as it was significantly lower on-farm in EQ and numerically lower in SWQ compared with RH extracted from weather stations. Overall, this led to THI being lower by 4.6 and 3.7 units at the weather stations compared with within-barn conditions for EQ and SWQ farms, respectively. Hence, using local meteorological station data to estimate on-farm conditions would lead to an underestimation of heat stress level in dairy cows. Adapting THI calculations by including daily maximum AT and minimum RH retrieved from the local weather station instead of their average counterparts led to a better estimation of within-barn conditions. However, the difference between THI measured on-farm and the adapted THI calculated with weather station data remained significant. Although the adaption made to THI allowed for a closer relation to on-farm conditions, THI calculated with weather station data should only be used to assess heat stress level in dairy cows when heat stress thresholds are adapted for such data.


The European Union and Global Financial Regulation examines the influence of the European Union (EU) in regulating global finance, addressing several inter-related questions. Why does the EU 'upload' international financial regulation in some cases, 'download' it in other cases, and 'cross-load' either actively or passively in other instances? Has this changed over time, especially after the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union and the completion of the single financial market, or after the global financial crisis? Under what conditions is the EU more or less likely to upload, download or cross load rules? Through which mechanisms does this take place? Overall, does the EU act as a pace setter in regulating global finance, or is it mainly a follower? Why? The key explanatory variable used in this research is the concept of 'regulatory capacity', applied to the EU and the US, distinguishing between 'strong' and 'weak' regulatory capacity. The influence of the EU in global financial regulation depends on the combinations of EU and US regulatory capacities. When EU regulatory capacity is weak and US regulatory capacity is strong, the US will mainly upload its domestic rules internationally and/or actively cross load them to the EU, whereas the EU will mainly download international rules. When the EU regulatory capacity is strong and US regulatory capacity is weak, the EU is able to upload its rules internationally and/or actively cross load them to third countries. When the EU and the US regulatory capacities are weak, private sector governance prevails. When the EU and US regulatory capacities are strong, both jurisdictions seek to upload and cross load their domestic rules.


Abstract Despite the importance of measuring service quality in today's educational marketplace, little empirical research has been conducted in the delivery ofprofessional services to doctoral students in higher education. This research employed gap analysis to gain insight into the service quality expectations and experiences of doctoral students at state-supported universities in Tennessee. Background Because of an increase in consumer sensitivity, an intensification of competition, and an ever-increasing emphasis on accountability by the governing bodies of colleges and universities, professional service quality in higher education has emerged as a subject in need of investigation. Meeting or exceeding the customer's expectations in the delivery of services has been shown to increase market share and can be a key factor in maintaining a competitive business advantage (Berry 1995). A long list of successes, credited to TQM and TQS, in the business sector has prompted institutions of higher education to imitate the business model of measuring service quality (e.g., Boulding et al. 1993; DiDomenico and Bonnici 1996; Hampton 1993; Kearney and Kearney 1994; Schwantz 1996). Quality Improvement (QI), Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), or any number of other titles and acronyms have been used to describe the principles that have evolved from W. A. Shewhart's work at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the early 1920s on statistical quality control (Seymour 1992). Shewhart developed the concept of improving quality by improving processes. All of the quality improvement acronyms listed above evolved from "total quality control," originally coined by A. V. Feigenbaum in 1951 (Sherr and Lozier 1991). Seven decades after Shewhart developed the concepts that helped transform businesses around the world, rapid change has again brought opportunities and special challenges to people who seek to help their organization perform better. During the past two decades, a demand for better quality in products and services has caused a rebirth of interest in, and a renewed appreciation for, Shewhart's work. Organizations are learning how to standardize processes, solve problems, eliminate waste, and reduce variation in order to make significant gains in quality and productivity (Joiner 1996). Because of his successes in Japan and throughout U.S. industry, W. Edwards Deming is considered the preeminent 20th Century authority on quality and quality improvement in both the manufacturing and service industries (Stamatis 1996). Deming's contributions are important for two reasons. First, Deming was an early practitioner of total quality, and much of the work in the field is directly or indirectly influenced by his ideas. Second, Deming's Fourteen Principles provided the foundation for a philosophy of quality improvement that has transformed American business (Deming 1986). The theories of Juran, Crosby, and Taguchi have also made notable contributions to the application of quality concepts to the service industry. Two premises that emerged from the research and literature on service quality improvement formed the underlying rationale for the current study: (1) customers do evaluate service encounters and the process of service delivery to form perceptions of service quality and, ultimately, organizational quality; and (2) services are definable, measurable, and improvable (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry 1985). GAP ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY The one factor that can distinguish competitors in a service environment is service quality. Quality has always been an important consideration in the purchase of goods and services. Although the quality of goods can be measured objectively by using indicators such as durability and defects, because of factors unique to services and to the delivery of services, the measurement of service quality has proven to be more difficult (Falzon 1990). …


This paper deals with asset price bubbles modeled by strict local martingales. To any strict local martingale one can associate a new measure, which is studied in detail in the first part of the paper. In the second part we determine the "default term" apparent in risk-neutral option prices if the underlying stock exhibits a bubble modeled by a strict local martingale. Results for certain path dependent options and last passage time formulas are given.


ABSTRACT What role does judgment play in certain kinds of critical anthropology and theology, and in attempts to bring the two disciplines together? I turn to L'Arche, a network of Christian communities in which people with 'intellectual disabilities' share life with the cognitively able that scholars commend as a critical alternative to our obsession with judging ability as the marker of moral worth. I describe how this evaluative stance on L'Arche failed me in trying to make sense of my own fieldwork on a L'Arche community where care-givers emphasised the abilities of those they supported all the time. By relating the surprising role that a work of theology played in helping me understand the relationship between agency and judgment in this context, I argue that critique offers an unhelpful point of intersection between anthropology and theology. I propose, instead, that we explore the role of surprise in analysis and dialogue.


The effects of clearfelling and subsequent residue retention or burning on water and nutrient balances needs to be understood and quantified on forest sites that are sensitive to loss, so that the long-term sustainable productivity of such sites can be maintained and promoted. An experimental site was established in a clonal eucalypt compartment on the Zululand Coastal Plain, to compare changes in water fluxes through the mature undisturbed eucalypt stand with those after felling and re-planting, under 2 conditions: burning, and retention of the harvesting residues. The study was located in an area of high rainfall and high stand productivity, with sandy soils and low soil carbon and nutrient status; chosen so that the effects of intensive demands on water and nutrient fluxes on a potentially sensitive site could be investigated. This paper presents only the hydrological component of the study. Data collection included weekly determination of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and soil moisture fluxes from the surface to a depth of 1 m. Drainage rates through the profile were established using time domain reflectometry probes while water drainage volumes were assessed using shallow plate lysimeters. Despite slow growth in the unfelled crop during the monitoring period (attributed to a pest infestation), soil moisture depletion remained rapid and drainage below 1 m remained low. Soil moisture was recharged within a few months after clearfelling, but became rapidly depleted as the canopy of new crop developed and approached canopy closure. A decreased wetting-front velocity and a marginally higher field capacity were proposed as evidence of pore clogging that appeared to occur during the inter-rotation period. The soil profile under the unburnt residue maintained a marginally higher soil moisture status and lower drainage than the soil profile under the burnt residue. Although soil moisture and drainage in the burnt and unburnt residue treatments became similar to the unfelled crop from canopy closure onwards, rainfall additions to soil moisture were depleted faster under the new crop during the first few months after canopy closure. Small differences in soil moisture status between the burnt and unburnt residue treatments presented here may not be sufficient to influence residue manage ment decisions. The length of the inter-rotation period and practice of residue burning may, however, need consideration where soil carbon and nutrient loss or displacement may negatively affect the sustainability of the site.