Optical free space communication system faces the major challenge because of the atmospheric condition. Signals receive in the ground station using two different types of receivers (Coherent detection and Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD)). Coherent detection uses PIN photo detector in the receiver end to attain the more sensitivity of the receiver. It receives the input data as a carrier signal and the local oscillator signal is mixed with the received signal and down convert the carrier signal to an intermediate frequency signal. The Intensity Modulation direct detection uses the Avalanche photo detector in the receiver end to attain the more sensitivity. This detection receives the input signal as a carrier signal and it is directly demodulated at the receiver back into the original signal. Signals receive in the ground station from the aircraft will be affected by the various types of noise like shot noise, thermal noise, etc. The occurrence of noises in the coherent detection is not exactly same as the IM/DD. Some noise get varies according to the electrical circuit noise produced in the receiver side. By deriving the signal-to-noise ratio, the background noise occur in the desired signal can be calculated. One of the main goals would be to derive a Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the each type of receiver to check the efficiency of the receivers. Transmitting the optical signal from aircraft will face some data loss problem due to atmospheric turbulence disturbances, to identify the loss arises in the transmitting signal will be done by using the probability error method. Bit Error Rate (BER) derivation will take place to calculate and to identify the data loss occurs in the received signal. The project deals with measuring the efficiency and sensitivity among those two optical receivers and to check the robustness between those receivers against scintillations (power fades and surges) effects. In this work performance of the coherent receiver and IM/DD receiver using APD is compared with the different system characteristics. Sensitivity and performance of both the receivers are calculated with the same fading vector. Signal to noise ratio and bit error rate are theoretically derived and numerically analyzed in the case of atmospheric turbulence. Numerical results predict the performance of both the receivers.


Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and UVB in particular, is the major environmental risk factor for the development of skin cancer. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence supports a role for cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in combination with UV irradiation in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, cutaneous HPV E6 proteins have been described to indirectly influence pathways controlled by p53, to inhibit UV-induced apoptosis and to prolong the life span of keratinocytes, the natural host of all HPVs.
The present study identified the LIM protein Ajuba as a novel interaction partner of the E6 protein of the beta2 HPV23, the gamma1 HPV4 and the gamma11 HPV148. These E6 proteins were shown to directly interact with Ajuba both in vitro and in vivo as well as to co-localise with Ajuba in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the E6 proteins of HPV23 and HPV148 showed a coincidental decrease in protein expression together with their interaction partner Ajuba upon DNA damage induction and siRNA-mediated Ajuba knockdown. This knockdown also revealed that the p53 protein was involved in the regulation of Ajuba and HPV E6 protein levels. On the other hand, Ajuba co-accumulated following overexpression of the cutaneous E6 proteins, further pointing to a close interaction of both proteins in vivo. A trimeric complex formation between p53, Ajuba and HPV148 E6 was additionally discovered, which did not take place with HPV23 E6. Moreover, p53 was shown to co-localise and to interact directly with HPV148 E6 in vitro and in vivo, even in the absence of Ajuba. A functional luciferase reporter assay revealed a strong repression of p53 activity in the presence of HPV148 E6, demonstrating an impairment of the transactivation activity of p53. This observation could however not be reported for HPV23 E6.
In summary, the present study identified the LIM protein Ajuba as a novel interaction partner of cutaneous E6 proteins. Additionally, it demonstrated for the first time that the p53 protein not only binds to cutaneous HPV E6 proteins in vitro, but also interacts and co-localises with HPV148 E6 in vivo, subsequently repressing p53 activity. These findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism elicited by cutaneous E6 proteins and further strengthen the hypothesis that cutaneous HPVs can act as co-factors in the development of skin cancer.


Gapoktan Tani Jaya that located in the Pandau Jaya Village of Kampar District is one of the beneficiaries of Rural Agribusiness Development ( PUAP ) which has been running for 5 years . Until now , there has been no discourse to improve PUAP institutions into MFI - A. An MFI - A should have social performance in its outreach and financial performance with good level financial position (Arsyad, 2008). Based on the explanation , aim of this research are: to analyze the social performance, analyzing the financial performance of institutions and policy implications the results of the analysis of social performance and financial performance of the institution. The data used are secondary data derived from the financial statements and progress reports of institution membership in 2009 until 2012 and the primary data is interviews to PPL and agency managers. Outreach of institutional customers is fluctuated because there are non-active members at a later stage. Staff outreach is considered good because it can meet all the needs of members. Loan outreach also fluctuate because there are non-active members and the existence of arrears in 2011 and 2012. Savings range is considered good because a lot of members who do voluntary savings each year. Sales of fertilizer also has a positive effect on the development of the institution's revenues. Liquidity and solvency ratio has decreased every year but the value of the ratio is still in a liquid state and solvable. Profitability and activity ratio is considered good although profits are quite small but positive effect on institutions and organizations are also able to streamline the activities of financial resources. The policy implications of the institutions should increase the number of active borrowers and reduce operational costs , and increase profits from the activity of the institution. Keywords: Gapoktan, Social Performance, Financial Performance, PUAP.


Highlighting the ongoing significance of national models of employment relations, this paper examines whether variation in communication and consultation practices between countries is reflected in employee perceptions. Drawing upon a survey of around 3,500 employees in four European countries – France, Germany, Italy and the UK – the paper explores whether workers' views on various aspects of communication and consultation are similar or different. It finds that there are certain similarities, with particular types of information and forms of communication being valued across the countries. However, differences are also identified. It is suggested that national institutions may well shape employee expectations about the nature of communication and consultation, feeding through to how satisfied they are with these processes.


President Cristina Fernandez Kirchner has reason to be optimistic. The first female president of Argentina is very likely to be competing for re-election in October and die latest opinion polls show that she is significantly more popular than her political rivals. Although the President's popularity has taken dips in the past and her political career has seen its share of scandal, the government has been able to quickly recover its levels of popular approval. In 2009, President Kirchner achieved only slightly more than 30 percent approval in opinion polls; however, in a more recent Ipsos-Mora y Araujo poll, 65 percent of those interviewed described the presidential image as "good," or even "very good." This image turnaround did not occur without considerable effort and care to ensure the constant flow of uplifting news in the country. After Kirchner took power in 2007, Argentina has faced increasing problems with the believability of information disseminated to the public. This economic stronghold of Latin America--ranked third largest economy in South America--may have improved its markets, but threats of inflation still exist and may be exacerbated by a government that disguises economic realities behind the rosier images it presents the public. Inflation in Argentina has slowed to ten percent, reports Indec, the government-controlled statistics office. Contrary to the official number, however, private-sector economists estimate that inflation has shot up to 25 percent. Independent estimates of poverty at 30 percent are also well above the official 12 percent estimate. Ever since former President Nestor Kirchner dismissed several Indec statisticians and replaced them with political appointees in early 2007, the office has been accused of fabricating economic reports. The former president of the central bank, Martin Redrado, has also accused the government of manipulating data from die statistics agency. Doubts about the validity of Indec's calculations of the consumer price index have caught the attention of international organizations. The government insists that price increases, such as the 40 percent rise in food-prices since the beginning of 2011, are normal in a booming economy that had grown 9.1 percent in 2010. Argentina has long dealt with problems of inflation. Argentina's hyperinflation from 1975 to 1991 sometimes caused storeowners to adjust their prices at an hourly basis. Today, a return to hyperinflation seems unlikely. Nevertheless, the government is cautious when handling issues of inflation, even taking care to step around the word with phrases such as "price dispersion." Despite the booming economy, there are still fears of inflation as the central bank increases money supply. Indec's unreliability has only made things worse. Though Argentina may be Latin America's third largest economy, it is only sixth in the region for foreign direct investment. In addition, economists say that the government has worsened inflation by providing unreliable economic data; suppliers and producers operate on their own perceptions of inflation and raise prices "seemingly at will," according to the New York Times. …


ABSTRACT Ecological studies show that mice can be found at high altitude (HA – up to 4000 m) while rats are absent at these altitudes, and there are no data to explain this discrepancy. We used adult laboratory rats and mice that have been raised for more than 30 generations in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m), and compared their hematocrit levels, right ventricular hypertrophy (index of pulmonary hypertension) and alveolar surface area in the lungs. We also used whole-body plethysmography, indirect calorimetry and pulse oxymetry to measure ventilation, metabolic rate (O2 consumption and CO2 production), heart rate and pulse oxymetry oxygen saturation (pO2,sat) under ambient conditions, and in response to exposure to sea level PO2 (32% O2=160 mmHg for 10 min) and hypoxia (18% and 15% O2=90 and 75 mmHg for 10 min each). The variables used for comparisons between species were corrected for body mass using standard allometric equations, and are termed mass-corrected variables. Under baseline, compared with rats, adult mice had similar levels of pO2,sat, but lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and higher mass-corrected alveolar surface area, tidal volume and metabolic rate. In response to sea level PO2 and hypoxia, mice and rats had similar changes of ventilation, but metabolic rate decreased much more in hypoxia in mice, while pO2,sat remained higher in mice. We conclude that laboratory mice and rats that have been raised at HA for >30 generations have different physiological responses to altitude. These differences might explain the different altitude distribution observed in wild rats and mice. Summary: Rats and mice that have been raised for a similar period of time under conditions of chronic hypoxia at high altitude display divergent physiological responses.


Understanding the nature and dimension of the food problem and the policies available to alleviate it has been the focal point of the Food and Agriculture Program at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) since the program began in 1977.

In the program we are not only concerned with policies over a 5-15 year time horizon, but also with a long term perspective to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the food problems of the world.

As we anticipate over the coming decades a technological transformation of agriculture which will be constrained by resource limitations and which could have serious environmental consequences, a number of important questions arise.

(a) What is the stable, sustainable production potential of the world? of regions? of nations?

(b) Can mankind be fed adequately by this stable, sustainable production potential?

(c) What alternative transition paths are available to reach desirable levels of this production potential?

(d) What are sustainable, efficient combinations of techniques of food production?

(e) What are the resource requirements of such techniques?

(f) What are the policy implications at national, regional global levels of sustainability?

Stability and sustainability are both desirable properties from the considerations of inter-generational equity as well as of political stability and peace.

We hold environmental considerations to be of critical importance in answering the questions posed.

This report presents the results of a case study of Kenya carried out as a part of the FAO/UNFPA Project INT/513, Land Resources for Populations of the Future, being carried out in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Program, IIASA.

The results are preliminary and should be regarded as the first approximation. At the present time a detailed case study of Kenya (Phase 2, FAO/Kenya/IIASA Study) is being carried out. As understanding of the ecological and technological limits of food production is a critical part of agricultural development planning, this report highlights the results for Kenya and the methodology of evaluating agricultural production potential, population supporting capacity and soil degradation hazards. Policy relevance and implications for Kenya are briefly discussed.

This preliminary report in collaboration with the Land and Water Division of the FAO is the first of a series on the potential and limits of food production in developing countries.


The randomized query complexity $R(f)$ of a boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ is famously characterized (via Yao's minimax) by the least number of queries needed to distinguish a distribution $D_0$ over $0$-inputs from a distribution $D_1$ over $1$-inputs, maximized over all pairs $(D_0,D_1)$. We ask: Does this task become easier if we allow query access to infinitely many samples from either $D_0$ or $D_1$? We show the answer is no: There exists a hard pair $(D_0,D_1)$ such that distinguishing $D_0^\infty$ from $D_1^\infty$ requires $\Theta(R(f))$ many queries. As an application, we show that for any composed function $f\circ g$ we have $R(f\circ g) \geq \Omega(\mathrm{fbs}(f)R(g))$ where $\mathrm{fbs}$ denotes fractional block sensitivity.


Traditional speedup models, such as Amdahls, facilitate the study of the impact of running parallel workloads on manycore systems. However, these models are typically based on software characteristics, assuming ideal hardware behaviors. As such, the applicability of these models for energy and/or performance-driven system optimization is limited by two factors. Firstly, speedup cannot be measured without instrumenting the original software codes, and secondly, the parallelization factor of an application running on specific hardware is generally unknown. In this paper, we propose a novel method, whereby standard performance counters found in modern many-core platforms can be used to derive speedup without instrumenting applications for time measurements. We postulate that speedup can be accurately estimated as a ratio of instructions per cycle for a parallel manycore system to the instructions per cycle of a single core system. By studying the application instructions and system instructions for the first time, our method leads to the determination of the parallelization factor and the optimal system configuration for energy and/or performance. The method is extensively demonstrated through experiments on three different platforms with core numbers ranging from 4 to 61, running parallel benchmark applications (including synthetic and PARSEC benchmarks) on Linux operating system. Speedup and parallelization estimations using our method and their extensive cross-validations show negligible errors (up to 8%) in these systems. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method to explore parallelization-aware energy-efficient system configurations for many-core systems using energy-delay-product based formulations.


Abstract The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is a major pest in conifer reforestation areas in the Palaearctic region. Size and chemistry of the seedlings may explain the damage rates in plantations. The performance of 10-week containerized seedlings (mini-seedlings) was compared with 1-year-old conventional seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.), in a field experiment in central Sweden. After 2 years the weevil damage was lower for the mini-seedlings than for the conventional seedlings (3.5 vs 55%). After 3 years, the overall survival was 82 and 75%, respectively. Weevil damage was the main cause of mortality for conventional seedlings, whereas mini-seedlings mainly died from drought. Volatiles of the two seedling types were compared by solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Unwounded mini-seedlings and conventional seedlings differed in their compositions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Mini-seedlings mainly emitted limonene, known to be repellent to the pine weevil. When wounded, green leaf volatiles were released by mini-seedlings while the pine weevil attractant α-pinene was released by conventional seedlings. Volatiles may partly explain the mini-seedlings' resistance against weevil attack. Further studies are needed to clarify how long this mini-seedling effect remains.


The present article was originally presented as part of a class taught for an employment interview. It deals with the uses of the social anthropology of work at a moment in which a large number of workers, on an international level, are being rocked by ttransformations of their previously constructed collective identities. I argue that collective memory is an instrument for social transformation and that certain large transformations stimulate the demand for an objectified and transmittable memory. I also argue that memory itself changes over time in accordance with the demands of present-day disputes, becoming in certain circumstances and cohesive element or - inversely - an element that generates new social conflicts. I seek to show that the historical specificities of the workers' groups presented in the text can be understood as strategic for the advancement of knowledge by calling attention to certain configurations of collective will and of the impoderable facts of real life at the level of unforseen histgorical developments. Here I compare industrial workers in the sugar industry with textile workers, according to their differing conceptions of history. I show how an ethnography of the longue duree of textile workers can be appropriated by the workers themsselves via the construction of a visual anthropological experiment.


1. Blood pressure, heart rate and changes of plasma renin concentration (PRC) have been studied in nineteen patients with traumatic transection of the spinal cord, in relation to change of posture from supine to upright. 2. When supine, subjects with cervical-cord transection had a normal blood pressure, a low heart rate and a high plasma renin concentration. On change of posture to the vertical, orthostatic hypotension developed, heart rate rose and PRC increased. Orthostatic hypotension was not a feature with change of posture in patients with transection of the thoracic spinal cord and PRC rose to a much smaller extent. 3. It is concluded that release of renin on change of posture can occur in patients with spinal-cord transection. Release of renin in man does not depend therefore upon an intact autonomic nervous system, though it is possible that reflex sympathetic pathways in the isolated spinal cord may be involved.


The activation of B cells is the crucial step of the humoral immune response. This process is controlled by the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway which is initiated by antigen recognition. An elaborated and detailed understanding of this pathway is of great interest given that its misregulation is involved in the genesis of leukemia and immunodeficiencies. The adaptor protein SLP65 is a key regulator in BCR signaling. After phosphorylation of its tyrosine residues, SLP65 serves as assembly site for enzymes and facilitates their mutual activation. The activation of SLP65 by phosphorylation is a multi-step process that requires SH3 domain-binding proline motifs within SLP65. These motifs mediate the interaction of SLP65 with the adaptor protein CIN85. While it was known at the beginning of my doctoral thesis project that the SLP65-CIN85 interaction supports the function of SLP65 in the BCR pathway, the underlying mechanism remained totally unclear. The elucidation of this mechanism constitutes the aim of my doctoral thesis.
By a genetic approach including chimeric proteins I could localize the effector function of CIN85 in its C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain. To get insight into the function of the CIN85-CC, I determined the protein interactome of CIN85 by SILAC-based mass spectrometry and investigated membrane lipid binding by biochemical means. Next, I focused on the structure of the CIN85-CC in cooperation with Prof. C. Griesinger's group. By NMR-spectroscopy, we obtained the result that the CIN85-CC forms a stable trimer.
In further genetic experiments, I determined that oligomerization of SLP65 is essential for its function in the BCR signaling pathway. Because CIN85 forms a trimer with nine SLP65 binding sites, it provides the required oligomerization by simultaneous binding of several SLP65 molecules. Furthermore, I found out that the SLP65 N-terminus is a pre-requisite for efficient SLP65 oligomerization. As the N-terminus targets SLP65 to intracellular membranes, I could identify vesicles as the platform for SLP65-oligomerization by CIN85. Because CIN85 and its homolog CD2AP interact with several other proteins in the same manner as with SLP65, this mechanism is likely a general biological principle of action for the CIN85-family adaptor proteins.


Advanced glycation end-products, especially toxic advanced glycation end-products derived from glyceraldehyde (advanced glycation end-product-2) and glycolaldehyde (advanced glycation end-product-3), are biologically reactive compounds associated with diabetic complications. We previously demonstrated that toxic advanced glycation end-products were internalised into macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells through scavenger receptor-1 class A (CD204). Toxic advanced glycation end-product uptake was inhibited by fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide and antagonistic ligand for scavenger receptors, suggesting that sulphated polysaccharides are emerging candidates for treatment of advanced glycation end-product–related diseases. In this study, we compared the effects of six types of sulphated and non-sulphated polysaccharides on toxic advanced glycation end-product uptake in RAW264.7 cells. Fucoidan, carrageenan and dextran sulphate attenuated toxic advanced glycation end-product uptake. Fucoidan and carrageenan inhibited advanced glycation end-product-2–induced upregulation of SR-A, while advanced glycation end-product-3–induced upregulation of scavenger receptor-1 class A was only suppressed by fucoidan. Dextran sulphate did not affect scavenger receptor-1 class A levels in toxic advanced glycation end-product–treated cells. Chondroitin sulphate, heparin and hyaluronic acid failed to attenuate toxic advanced glycation end-product uptake. Heparin and hyaluronic acid had no effect on scavenger receptor-1 class A levels, while chondroitin sulphate inhibited advanced glycation end-product-3–induced upregulation of scavenger receptor-1 class A. Taken together, fucoidan and carrageenan, but not the other sulphated polysaccharides examined, had inhibitory activities on toxic advanced glycation end-product uptake and toxic advanced glycation end-product–induced upregulation of scavenger receptor-1 class A, possibly because of structural differences among sulphated polysaccharides.


The article analyzes the current state of the research techniques for evaluating the actions of officials during an antiterrorist operation during a forensic military examination. The structure of the methodology is outlined, the subject-matter, object, subjects and main tasks of the forensic military expertise are determined, the proposed algorithm of actions of the forensic expert during the relevant studies has been developed.

The developed methodology covers the study of a causal violation of the current legislation by officials of the Security Service of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and other military units established in accordance with the law, law enforcement agencies of the security and defense sectors, with the onset of serious consequences – the loss of people, the cause of material damage to legal entities and individuals and so on.

According to the results of research work, it will be proposed to include this methodology in the Register of methodologies for conducting forensic expertises and in the List of scientific, technical and reference literature majoring in 16.1 "Military research".

Key words: anti-terrorist operation, methodology, fight against terrorism, judicial military expertise, official.


The current crisis with the Ebola virus vividly illustrates the priority that must be given to infectious diseases because of their potentially devastating consequences to individuals and to society. Few would argue against the need for more research on Ebola and the expedited development of a cure; however, recent incidents in biocontainment laboratories and the proliferation of such facilities globally raise concerns about safety and have split the scientific community. Scientists who defend research on dangerous pathogens as vital to protecting populations are opposed by those who fear the potential devastation caused by the intentional or unintentional release of pathogens from the lab. Achieving a "culture of safety," so often alluded to after recent lapses in biosafety procedures, demands adopting a "culture of responsibility" as well.


Social network sites have become an essential part in today's world due to its ubiquities, interactivity and its applicability in different contexts. Information exchange is one of the most important practices on Social Network Sites (SNSs). Individuals tend to generate electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) in their social network to tell others about their consumption experiences with specific product or service. Only in recent time, e-WOM communication has serious academic and managerial attention. However, most of prior researches have examined e-WOM effectiveness, intensity and receiver adoption determinants, few studies have investigated the factors that enhance individual's intention to share their related-product information. With regard to the different nature of SNSs this paper aims to detect what drive individuals to share their consumption experience or product related-information in such online environment. The paper proposes that social relational factors; trust, reciprocity, and sense of community are positively associated with user's intention to share their related-product information in form of e-WOM through SNSs. The study also proposes that individuals' personality traits moderate the relationship between social relational factors and intention to share e-WOM through SNSs.


Instrument &...series.
"Instrument &" is not a piece. It is an open project in which every single manifestation is only a splinter of a whole never appearing.

The first performance - Oct. 26 2006 in Berlin at Ballhaus Naunynstrasse - had the subtitle "No Concert" and was more of a public rehearsal, where the players received the musical text only on stage; Parallel to this - and like a primer of this non-concerto process - I read a text - "Program Notes For One Composer"...

The second performance in the Berlin gallery Coma at Jan. 9 2007 has a different musical text to its basis ("Rain Piece") which was rehearsed before as usual, and is derived from the spectral analysis of a rain recording. A type of counterpoint of different times result from a temporary installation of a drip noise (water from a wet rag drips on a drum. The absolutely foreseeable but not repeatable Ritardando of the real water drops and the Da Capo-repetition of a "rain" score remains unforeseeable for the perception- even after repeated reruns.

The third performance or manifestation, premiere on Feb. 1 2007 in the old city hall in Potsdam- combines the instrumentalists (the score can appear in different instrumentations) with a school class. As in the earlier "versions" of the piece, different presences are confronted with each other: Presence loaded with aura and the everyday, the artificial/the fiction (or poetry) and the Here and Now. During the pauses of the "16 pieces" (this time a music that seems rather to listen than to present itself to hearing) the pupils, seated scattered between the audience, simply say what they hear -while the music is silent. (This speaker part also can be performed variably or even taken by the instrumentalists themselves.)

The number 4 of the cycle: A piece for solo cello and a display-window or for a situation in which the cello player is acoustically but not visually separated from the audience. Inside (or in the room of the instrumentalist) there is a microphone on a stand. Outside (or in the audience space) a single loudspeaker is located. Between the microphone-input and the loudspeaker-output is a delay of 500 ms. The sound of the cello (resp. everything which happens in the room of the instrumentalist therfore will be transfered with a delay of half a second to the outside (resp. the audience space). The performer does not know the score and will receive it only immediately before entering the performance space.

Number 5 again is a "rain piece" and its set-up is related to the second piece: A temporary installation (water drops on percussion) is overlayed by a concerto intervention (a recording of rain orchestrated for conducted ensemble). Between the two layers is a third, static continuous level of independent strings with major chords gliding slowly through all registers.

Like the other parts of the cycle the sixth piece also brings up the concert situation as such. This time in the perspective of Schoenberg's chamber symphony, originating from 100 years earlier - and so to speak the foundation piece of new music ensembles. The conductor here is part of the instrumentation because, again, a good part of the piece is not rehearsed before but is presented in the state of a rehearsal.

How this not-piece altogether will continue is uncertain. Elements of earlier performances may reappear in later; the "rehearsal" of the first performance might be continued occasionally; the project's tendency of delay and eternal suspension will maybe continue within other instrumentations and constellations. What else - I don't know yet. And that's the good part of it.


This thesis has been prepared as a manuscript for submission and potential publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal. This thesis investigates the unique spectral reflectance properties of 109 "montane" longleaf pine canopies (Pinus palustris Mill.) growing on steep, south-facing slopes as well as 51 "piedmont" individuals growing in an area of low topographic relief, all found within the Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina. The geographic location of all sampled longleaf canopies were recorded on a digital map, and then spectrally analyzed to derive unique reflectance signatures that would allow for the remote mapping of the species using high-resolution multispectral WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Overall accuracies for classification procedures range from 91–96% between four study sites. Longleaf pine spectral properties were statistically investigated to quantify differences in reflectance due to topography and canopy height. Significant relationships (p <0.05) were found for each variable, and suggest that spectral reflectance values for longleaf pine are not uniform throughout the study area and can vary according to topographic and morphological canopy features.


The technologies used to link the end-user to a telecommunication infrastructure, has been changing over time due to the consolidation of new access technologies. Moreover, the emergence of new tools for information dissemination, such as interactive digital TV, makes the selection of access technology, factor of fundamental importance. One of the greatest advantages of using digital TV as means to disseminate information is the installation of applications. In this chapter, a load characterization of a typical application embedded in a digital TV is performed to determine its behavior. However, it is important to note that applications send information through an access technology. Therefore, this chapter, based on the study on load characterization, developed a methodology combining Bayesian networks and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) analytical approach to provide support to service providers to opt for a technology (power line communication, PLC, wireless, wired, etc.) for the return channel.


1. Pigeons trained by releases along a constant compass line were repeatedly tracked to their lofts from the same training points 30-50 miles away. Their tracks differed from day to day by several miles, and the birds usually did not follow any obvious landmarks. 2. The pigeons were released from new release points and on many of the tracks followed a definite sequence of orientation methods: the birds began flying in the same compass direction that had got them home from the training point, then they apparently switched to a rather accurate navigation method which got them to within 10 miles of the loft, where they seemed to pilot by a few familiar landmarks to the loft entrance. 3. There is no evidence that most of the pigeons learned or could use landmarks extensively more than 10 miles from the loft, even over area which they crossed more than twenty times. 4. The flight of pigeons from the training points and new release points at distances of 13 miles or more depended strictly on the visibility of the sun.


Polytraumatised patients with haemorrhagic shock are prone to develop systemic complications, such as SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome), ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) and MOF (multiple organ failure). The pathomechanism of severe complications following trauma is multifactorial, and it is believed that microcirculatory dysfunction plays an important role. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the microcirculation in musculature over time during shock and subsequent resuscitation in a porcine model of haemorrhagic shock and polytrauma. Twelve pigs (German Landrace) underwent femur fracture, liver laceration, blunt chest trauma, and haemorrhagic shock under standard anaesthesia and intensive care monitoring. Microcirculation data were measured from the vastus lateralis muscle using a combined white light spectrometry and laser spectroscopy system every 15 min during the shock and resuscitation period, and at 24, 48, and 72 h. Oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption were calculated and compared to baseline. The relative haemoglobin, local oxygen consumption, and saturation values in the microcirculation were observed significantly lower during shock, however, no changes in the microcirculatory blood flow and microcirculatory oxygen delivery were observed. After resuscitation, the microcirculatory blood flow and relative haemoglobin increased and remained elevated during the whole observation period (72 h). In this study, we observed changes in microcirculation during the trauma and shock phases. Furthermore, we also measured persistent dysfunction of the microcirculation over the observation period of 3 days after resuscitation and haemorrhagic shock. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1377–1382, 2018.


This paper discusses a nonstationary, heterogeneous Markov model designed to estimate entry and exit transition probabilities at the micro level from a time series of independent cross-sectional samples with a binary outcome variable. The model has its origins in the work of Moffitt and shares features with standard statistical methods for ecological inference. We outline the methodological framework proposed by Moffitt and present several extensions of the model to increase its potential application in a wider array of research contexts. We also discuss the relationship with previous lines of related research in political science. The example illustration uses survey data on American presidential vote intentions from a five-wave panel study conducted by Patterson in 1976. We treat the panel data as independent cross sections and compare the estimates of the Markov model with both dynamic panel parameter estimates and the actual observations in the panel. The results suggest that the proposed model provides a useful framework for the analysis of transitions in repeated cross sections. Open problems requiring further study are discussed.


The Exeter Urban Cycle Route is one of the large scale cycle projects supported by the Department of Transport (DOT). The six and a half kilometre route links the residential areas of Exwick and Wonford with the city centre and the Marsh Barton Trading Estate. The route includes a new cycle bridge. In this report, data is provided which compare levels of cycling in 1986 before construction of the route, with those since the route was opened in 1988. There has been an increase in numbers of cyclists, and the majority consider it to be safer than other routes. Suggestions for improvements were made: better segregation from pedestrians; widening; improved lighting; improved drainage.


Abstract: American courts traditionally exclude evidence that a defendant has committed crimes other than the crime with which the defendant is charged. This rule, with exceptions, is codified as Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) and Washington Evidence Rule 404(b). However, courts and legislatures have increasingly adopted the view that evidence of other sex offenses should be admissible in sex-offense prosecutions. The Washington State Legislature recently adopted a statute, RCW 10.58.090, which governs the admissibility of evidence of other sex offenses. This Comment argues that Washington courts should use precedent applying Rule 404(b) as a guide in applying robust Rule 403 balancing under the new statute. This interpretation of the statute is consistent with its legislative history, preserves the traditional gate-keeping role of trial courts in evidence-admissibility determinations, and avoids a potential separation-of-powers question about which branch of government has ultimate authority over evidentiary rules in Washington. INTRODUCTION Seventy-nine-year-old Roger Schemer was tried and convicted in King County Superior Court for molesting a relative when she was seven years old.1 Trial testimony revealed that Scherner had also molested other young girls, all of them either family members or daughters of family friends, over a period of several decades.2 In addition to the victim's testimony, jurors heard four previous victims recount the abuse they had suffered as young girls.3 Their testimony was admitted under a new Washington evidence statute, section 10.58.090 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW), which makes it easier for prosecutors to submit evidence of other sex offenses in sex-offense cases.4 When a defendant is charged with a sex offense, the new law allows evidence of other sex offenses to be admitted, notwithstanding the traditional bar on extraneous offense evidence. Defense attorneys who observed Schemer's trial said they expect the law will soon face challenges in Washington appellate courts.5 These challenges will likely question not only the applicability of the statute in cases where the evidence of other sex offenses is not as factually similar as it was in State v. Scherner, but also the Washington State Legislature's authority to enact rales of evidence that conflict with judicial rules.6 This Comment argues that Washington courts should interpret the new statute in a way that preserves the trial court's traditional gatekeeping role in evidence admissibility determinations. The statute requires trial courts to determine whether the probative value of evidence of other sex offenses is outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice under Rule 403. 7 Washington courts should use the Washington State Supreme Court's well-developed body of case law governing the admission of evidence of other sex offenses under Rule 404(b) to guide Rule 403 balancing under the new statute. This interpretation respects the legislature's judgment that evidence of other sex offenses is different than other types of propensity evidence. It is also consistent with the text and legislative history of the statute, and avoids difficult separation-of-powers questions about the authority of the legislature and judiciary to promulgate evidentiary rales. Part I of this Comment reviews the general bar on evidence of other offenses in American law and exceptions specific to sex-offense cases. Part II describes Federal Rules of Evidence 413 and 414, which deal with sex-offense evidence in the federal courts, and analyzes the cases construing these rules. Part II also discusses similar evidentiary provisions enacted by states. Part III summarizes Washington law that addresses the respective powers of the Legislature and Judiciary to promulgate evidence rales. Part IV describes RCW 10.58.090 and summarizes its legislative history, while Part V describes the approach Washington courts have taken with regards to evidence of other sex offenses under Rule 404(b). …


The work presented here is essentially an update to the previous evaluation conducted by ReSEP (Research on Socio-Economics Policy), located in Stellenbosch University's Department of Economics: Against the Odds: An Evaluation of the IkamvaYouth Programme. This update to Against the Odds provides a more rigorous quantitative assessment of the contribution of the IkamvaYouth programme to learners' performance at school. IkamvaYouth's contribution to the performance of its learners – the 'Ikamvanites' – is estimated in five matric subjects: English as a First Additional Language, Mathematics, Mathematical Literacy, Physical Sciences and Life Sciences. Controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, estimates for the 2014 sample of matriculating Ikamvanites suggest that the IkamvaYouth programme is associated with dramatic improvements ranging from a low as high as 0.293 standard deviations (about six percentage points) for Physical Sciences up to a high of 0.502 standard deviations (about ten percentage points) for Life Sciences. We check the robustness of these results with a subsample of Western Cape learners who could be matched with their 2011 grade 9 Systemic Test results. Matching makes it possible to control for learners' pre-programme performance and thus for factors such as students' pre-programme motivation and ability. However, the matching process also restricts the sample to a subset of high-performing learners (learners who reached matric without failing a grade between grade 9 and matric) that, it is argued, are not a good counterfactual for how Ikamvanites would have performed had they not participated in the programme. As a result, estimates of the effectiveness of the programme obtained from the matched sample would under-represent the effectiveness of the programme, and should thus be treated as lower-bound estimates of the effectiveness of IkamvaYouth. These lower-bound estimates of the impact of the programme range from a high of 0.30 standard deviations (about 5.5 percentage points) for Life Sciences, still approximately a year of learning, to a low of 0.036 (about one percentage point) for Physical Sciences. Thus, in sum, the findings suggest that IkamvaYouth does indeed add substantially to the performance of its learners, helping them to succeed against the odds.


Stationed at a lonely wind-pounded outpost in an isolated backwater of World War II, the nineteen men of the Greenland Ice Cap Detachment were charged with erecting a weather/rescue station on the ten-thousand-foot-high Ice Cap to serve the Polar aircraft-ferrying route to Europe and to provide vital weather data for the expanding war effort. Greenland's Icy Fury is a lighthearted accounting of one of the least accessible and least known but most stunning parts of the globe - southeast Greenland - and its natural history, geography, geology, glaciers, and foremost, its savage weather and awesome climate. The Polar route to Europe afforded stepping stones for then-short-range aircraft, even though the landing fields were mere pinpoints in the wilderness, but hazardous flying conditions took a heavy toll of planes and airmen. Hitler's Nazis as well as the Allies knew that Greenland's white expanse was a virtual weather factory that played a key role in the day-to-day weather of the North Atlantic shipping lanes and the battlefields of western Europe. Ironically, few people today even realize that American troops were stationed in Greenland during World War II or what obscure role these troops played. A member of the all-volunteer Ice Cap Detachment, and a graduate geologist before the war, Wallace Hansen found time to look at the rocks, fjords, glaciers, and wildlife of southeast Greenland and to set down the framework for this book. Greenland's Icy Fury is aimed at inquisitive readers who appreciate the outdoors, are curious about their world, and would enjoy decidedly offbeat bits of WWII nostalgia.


The thesis examines examples of antiracism and antiracist discourse in France, using an approach which combines history, sociology, discourse analysis and political science. It is based on archive source material and the publications of antiracist, antifascist and anticolonial movements in the period since 1900. Previous examples of research on antiracism in France have often limited their analysis to very contemporary forms of antiracism, and have given a definition of antiracism which I term 'republican antiracism'. Republican antiracism, definable as a form of antiracism closely linked to republican political culture, takes its values from the Revolutionary heritage of 1789, and stresses universal rights and values. Republican antiracism is studied here from the 'founding event' of the Dreyfus "Affair", through subsequent reworkings and reformulations in the 1930s (antifascism), 1940s, 1950s and 1980s. The thesis focuses on the complex discourses of nation, assimilation, egalitc and rights articulated within the
republican tradition, the left and republican antiracism. A definition of antiracism is given here as emanating from a variety of areas (for example antiracist organizations, immigrant rights associations, trades unions) and levels (cultural, economic etc.) of production. This idea of a multiplicity of sites of production of antiracism is illustrated with a study of the relationship between antiracism and antifascism in the 1930s, and the opposition to anti-Maghrebian racism in the period 1947-1962. Throughout, it is suggested that the terms 'universalism' and 'difference' are insufficient as analytical tools for
understanding antiracism as ideology, discourse and practice, just as it is argued diat antiracism is irreducible to being the 'double' of racism. To highlight the broad definition of antiracism used, I look at the lessons to be learned for antiracism from anticolonial forms of opposition to racism in the
period 1919-1939, suggesting that these mobilizations provided a radical critique of colonial racism which republican antiracism had failed to develop. I examine how republican antiracism in the post-1945 period then integrated this concept of colonial racism as a category of racism. The historical focus of the thesis is supplemented with a thematic approach to the notion of memory as used within antiracism, notably the memory of colonial and postcolonial forms of racism within the State. The memory of the massacre of
Algerians in Paris on 17th October 1961 is studied as an example.


In recent years, thanks to access to consistent environmental databases and powerful numerical tools, heading analysis for single point mooring systems have been the forefront step of tackling numerous issues such as green water, offloading availability, refine hull scantling, life extension study, extreme and fatigue resistance of mooring and riser system, sloshing in tanks, accelerations at process support point and devices, etc. During the design phases, one of the basic problems raised by Single Point Mooring system is the estimation of the maximum beam waves. In one hand, the designer is happy to impose the maximum design wave all around the floater, e.g. the 100-Year return period wave will hit the F(P)SO from head sea to beam sea. But such assumption may lead to overly designed floating unit, therefore having financial and schedule consequences, especially for unit in rather harsh environments. In the other hand, there is the need to properly assess the wave height distribution around the floater using available tools and weather information for the specific site. The proposed paper presents the details and the necessary requirement for performing such analysis. A tentative methodology is proposed together with the expected outcomes for the various fields of expertise. Heading analysis basically provides relative wave/swell/wind/current heading distribution over a period of time and therefore requires the following family of data to be assessed: Environmental data combining both amplitude and direction of wind sea, swell(s) (if any), wind and current over a significant period of time, Accurate modelling of the floating structure towards wind, wave and current excitations, and to a lesser extent its mooring system, Response of the unit to each environmental condition using mooring analysis software, Finally tentative ways of validating the results against field measurement or others, will be proposed and some examples are given.


Through seismic acquisitions there have been discovered layers beneath the seabed that consist of pores filled with gas hydrates (GH). These reservoirs are potential energy reserves and it is therefore desirable to get an estimate over how big they are. The saturation of GH varies horizontally in the layer and research has shown a linear relationship between the saturation and the seismic wave velocity. The seismic acquisition data only shows the GH layer's reflector which is an indicator of where the layer is located, and tells nothing about how the saturation varies in the layer. It is therefore proposed in this report to use the Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) method on synthetic data to see if this method can be used to map the saturation. FWI is an inversion algorithm that iteratively works to minimize the difference between the observed seismic data from a geological model of interest and data from an initial guess of this model. The observed seismic data are in this paper synthetically produced from a geological model with a horizontal and gradually increasing saturation in the GH layer. To test that the FWI were working as expected it was used an initial guess model with a constant saturation in the GH layer. This gave promising results and the next initial model was made more realistic with a gradually increasing velocity vertically through the model. This velocity gradient was determined by the maximal and minimal wave velocity in the geological model, which are values that are assumed possible to retrieve from seismic acquisition data. The results in this report is limited since it has only been used synthetic and not real data in the study. Despite this obvious limitation the results gives a strong indication in favour of the FWI. It looks like the method would not only be an adequate, but a satisfying approach to the mapping of the GH saturation. The FWI method is capable to retrieve the horizontally increasing saturation of the original model. And this from an initial model were the layers of the model are not even known. This shows that the use of FWI is a promising method for providing a better estimate of gas hydrate saturation.


Although hundreds of studies have demonstrated that risk preferences shape people's choices under uncertainty, the complexity of how attitudes toward risk play out across various pivotal settings and key populations leaves considerable gaps in knowledge. We study a unique sample of a cohort of future military leaders at the United States Military Academy (West Point), nearly all of whom now hold commissions in the US Army officer corps. Using a hypothetical instrument to elicit preferences across a variety of domains, we find that cadets are risk averse, on average, which has potentially important implications for future management of military conflicts and programs. Our results also show that diversity programs aimed at increasing the number of women and minorities at West Point are likely to increase the average level of risk aversion within the officer corps. This finding suggests that working with officers to strengthen cognitive flexibility and to be attuned to a possible wedge between their innate preferences and the needs of the situation may be important, particularly for those who wish to enter occupational fields where the willingness to take risks is critical.


This book can be considered a study aid for improving service quality within a company. It is aimed at any person or business wishing to attain a higher level of quality when in contact with customers and suppliers. When you work in the hotel industry you are often doing so under pressure. Combine this with the fact that the tourism sector is a vital component of French industry, as it is for most other nations of the world, and it is clear that employees need advice and support. However, there are very few books on the subjects of skills and expertise. This book, which takes an original approach to the subject, aims toredress the balance.
This approach encompasses both the theoretical aspects – so as to explain the concepts and techniques needed for success in the industry and to promote continuous development of your skills – and the practical aspects, using real situations to illustrate the difficulties you will face. A variety of exercises will help you to boost your confidence when faced with such scenarios.
You will find this book a real help when trying to improve your skills in a particular area. At the end of each chapter you will find a selection of words and phrases in English and French which you will need to remember, as well as a series of role playing exercises which you can practice alone or in a group.


IZA DP No. 14296 APRIL 2021 Downstream Effects of Voting on Turnout and Political Preferences: Long-Run Evidence from the UK* Does voting have downstream consequences for turnout and political preferences? While research initially showed strong support for the notion that the experience of voting fosters civic habits and political engagement, recent work has cast doubt on how universal these patterns are. We contribute to this debate by studying the shortand long-term impact of earlier voting eligibility on subsequent turnout and political preferences using rich panel data from the UK. Exploiting the eligibility cut-off for national elections within a regression discontinuity design, we document a short-run increase in party identification, political interest and democratic norms for those able to vote earlier. However, these shortterm effects quickly fade away and do not translate into permanent changes in turnout propensity or political preferences. Our results imply that the transformative effects of voting are short-lived, at most, in a setting with low institutional barriers to vote. JEL Classification: D01, D70, D72


The electronic band structure and Fermi surface of ZrTe3 was determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Several bands and a large part of the Fermi surface are found to be split by 100-200 meV into two parallel dispersions. Calculations of the bulk band structure cannot reproduce this splitting even if spin-orbit interaction is taken into account. A bilayer model representing the top layers of a surface-relaxed structure without reconstruction introduces the observed splitting and reproduces most features observed in the data thus suggesting a surface relaxation of the freshly cleaved ZrTe3. The dispersion of the highly nested small electron pocket that gives rise to the charge density wave is traceable even in the low-temperature gapped state and the gap energy is determined as epsilon(g)=65+/-10 meV.


Small Wars: The Cultural Politics of Childhood. NANCY SCHEPER-HUGHES and CAROLYN SARGENT, eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998; 429 pp. In this ambitious volume the editors gather together articles by an array of scholars. They deal with topics ranging from issues of pregnancy and infancy such as abortion, new reproductive technologies, infant mortality, and medical treatment of neonates, to the impact of cultural and economic change on children, including children's experiences in war, in poverty, and with abuse and neglect in a variety of cultural and historical settings. Taking as their themes adult ambivalence and/or hostility toward pregnancy, infants, and children as well as oppressive social, political, and economic forces in the lives of children, these articles demonstrate how far so many children's experiences fall from the idealized indulged innocence of contemporary prosperous childhoods. After a broad, rambling introduction the editors divide eighteen chapters into three sections on "Negotiating Parenthood and Childhood," "The Cultural Politics of Child Survival," and "Small Wars: Children and Violence." The book's social construction approach to childhood and emphasis on political economic aspects of the oppression of children do not break new theoretical ground, but many of the chapters contain compelling descriptions and add new insights to the burgeoning literature on children's lives cross-culturally. Some articles of the first section, including Picone's article on beliefs about the spirits of aborted fetuses in Japan, Morgan's discussion of differences between U.S. and Ecuadorian concepts of abortion, and Birenbaum-Carmeli's and Robert's chapters on new reproductive technologies, do not deal with children per se. Brett and Niermeyer's account of the history of the concept of jaundice in medical treatment of infants, Guttman's portrayal of the gender dynamics of "Mamitis" (a folk ailment, literally "mommy-itis," in lower-class Mexican infants and toddlers), and Weiss's discussion of the ethics of her research on disabled children in Israel do treat children. The inclusion here of articles on abortion, in a political climate in which the crux of debate rests precisely on whether and when a fetus becomes a child, requires much more explanatory discussion than the editors provide. This does not, however, detract from the quality of articles in this section. Picone's work on the emotional and religious ambiguities of abortion in Japan adds to the growing literature on the topic (Hardacre 1997; LaFleur 1992) with a comprehensive discussion of both historical and contemporary cultural attitudes toward abortion and infanticide in that country. Morgan, by contrasting the preaching of U.S. Protestant missionaries on abortion to the poorly formed, ambiguous attitudes of Ecuadorian peasants targeted by Evangelists, shows how the polarization of the issue in the U.S. has led to a normalization of extreme positions on abortion in this country. Both Roberts' study of the uneasy balance between exploitation and empowerment in the relationship between surrogate and jural mothers and Birnbaum-- Carmeli's more personal discussion of her experiences with IVF in Israel and Canada expand on existing work (such as Ragone 1994), which is quoted extensively by Roberts. Gutmann uses the concept of mamitis to discuss not only the cultural construction of motherhood, but also that of fatherhood; he also focuses on the impact of changing gender roles on childcare issues. In a volume heavy with discussions of the flaws of ambivalent, neglectful, or abusive mothers, Gutmann provides a welcome demonstration of how male behaviors and beliefs contribute to the welfare of children. Weiss's chapter, while intriguing, fails to distinguish among mentally handicapped, physically disabled, and disfigured children in her discussion of "aesthetic impairment." Her interpretations of parental attitudes sometimes conflict with the evidence of the cases she presents, and the bulk of the article deals more with her stance on the morality of relativism than with the lives of the families she studies. …


Stress has become endemic amongst teachers globally. Although there are common factors that account for the increased levels of stress among teachers, the particular factors involved differ from country to country. South Africa has gone through more than a decade of political and social change. Coping with the extended transitions within the educational system has affected teachers' wellness. Emotional intelligence or emotionalsocial competencies, the term used in the study, offers a way of viewing the means of primary prevention as a whole, rather as loosely related elements. This offers a practical way of describing the key range of competencies that make it possible to modulate emotions, to solve social problems creatively, to be effective leaders or collaborators, to be assertive and responsible, or to be able to ask evocative and/or social questions that lead to new learning. This study focuses on the need for teachers to develop specific social and coping skills, as well the need for them to have the necessary environmental support, to prevent stress and promote wellness in teachers. This interpretive study used questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and "a day in the life of" interviews to explore the perceptions of Life Orientation teachers about the emotionalsocial competencies that improve and support their wellness. The South African teachers surveyed consider that certain emotionalsocial competencies enhance their wellness. In their view, all teachers would benefit from having a toolkit emotionalsocial competencies. They also expressed the need for pre-service teacher education to offer training in these competencies.


"From Earth to the Universe" (FETTU) is a collection of astronomical images that showcase some of the most popular, current views of our Universe. The images, representing the wide variety of astronomical objects known to exist, have so far been exhibited in about 500 locations throughout the world as part of the International Year of Astronomy. In the United States, over 40 FETTU exhibits have occurred in 25 states in such locations as libraries, airports, nature centers, parks and college campuses. Based on preliminary evaluations currently underway, this project – a large-scale, worldwide astronomy outreach in non-traditional locations – has unique opportunities and implications for informal science learning. We present some early findings from the observational section of the exhibit's formal evaluation in five selected locations in the U.S. and U.K., including emphasis on inter-organizational networking, visitor attention and participant make-up as well as generative aspects of the exhibit.


Network models are widely used to represent relational information among interacting units and the structural implications of these relations. Recently, social network studies have focused a great deal of attention on random graph models of networks whose nodes represent individual social actors and whose edges represent a specified relationship between the actors. Most inference for social network models assumes that the presence or absence of all possible links is observed, that the information is completely reliable, and that there are no measurement (e.g., recording) errors. This is clearly not true in practice, as much network data is collected though sample surveys. In addition even if a census of a population is attempted, individuals and links between individuals are missed (i.e., do not appear in the recorded data). In this paper we develop the conceptual and computational theory for inference based on sampled network information. We first review forms of network sampling designs used in practice. We consider inference from the likelihood framework, and develop a typology of network data that reflects their treatment within this frame. We then develop inference for social network models based on information from adaptive network designs. We motivate and illustrate these ideas by analyzing the effect of link-tracing sampling designs on a collaboration network.


Wind power forecasts have been used operatively for over 20 years. Despite this fact, there are still several possibilities to improve the forecasts, both from the weather prediction side and from the usage of the forecasts. The new International Energy Agency (IEA) Task on Forecasting for Wind Energy tries to organise international collaboration, among national weather centres with an interest and/or large projects on wind forecast improvements (NOAA, DWD, …), operational forecaster and forecast users. The Task is divided in three work packages: Firstly, a collaboration on the improvement of the scientific basis for the wind predictions themselves. This includes numerical weather prediction model physics, but also widely distributed information on accessible datasets. Secondly, we will be aiming at an international pre-standard (an IEA Recommended Practice) on benchmarking and comparing wind power forecasts, including probabilistic forecasts. This WP will also organise benchmarks, in cooperation with the IEA Task WakeBench. Thirdly, we will be engaging end users aiming at dissemination of the best practice in the usage of wind power predictions.


Mutations in the shaker potassium channel (KV1.1) gene KCNA1 are associated with episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) while mutations in the CACNA1A gene which encodes the CaV2.1 calcium channel underlie episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2). Both disorders exhibit dominant inheritance and are characterised clinically by paroxysmal attacks of cerebellar dysfunction.
This thesis explores the relationship between six new mutations in KCNA1, EA1 phenotype and functional consequences of expressed mutations. Expression of all six mutations demonstrated a loss of function. There was an imperfect correlation between phenotypic severity of EA1 and in vitro electrophysiology with respect to mutations. Supporting this indirect relationship, this thesis reports that non-genetic factors influence the phenotypic outcome of EA1 in monozygotic twins. In recognition of the importance of studying mutations in physiologically relevant conditions, this thesis describes the use of a lentivirus as a tool for studying the effects of KCNA1 mutations in neurons.
A number of individuals with clinical EA2 do not harbour point mutations in CACNA1A. A screen for rearrangements in eighteen such individuals identified deletions of at least one exon of CACNA1A in three patients with EA2 suggesting that such large deletions are an important cause of EA2.
This thesis tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in CACNA1A conferring a loss of CaV2.1 function is associated with the syndrome of episodic ataxia with epilepsy. CACNA1A was sequenced in 17 individuals with a clinical phenotype of EA accompanied by epilepsy and/or epileptiform EEGs. The functional impact of newly identified missense mutations and all non-synonymous coding variants (nCVs) in the 17 individuals was determined using voltage clamp experiments. Twelve of the 17 patients had genetic variants which reduced CaV2.1 function. These findings suggest that variations in CACNA1A which result in varying degrees of loss of channel function are likely to predispose individuals to episodic ataxia with epilepsy.


Papers on optimal harvesting regimes for maximizing land expectation value (LEV) that compare different logging practices often ignore differences in variable costs and in damages on the residual stand between logging practices. We use data on a multi-age, multi-species forest in East-Kalimantan to study optimal harvest regimes for Conventional Logging (CL) and for Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). We simulate a range of carbon prices with compensation for additional carbon stored under sustainable forest management (RIL). According to our detailed data, RIL has higher fixed costs but lower variable costs than CL, and leads to less damages on the residual stand. We show that when these differences are taken into account, RIL leads to highest LEV for low to intermediate carbon prices, while for high carbon prices conventional logging is preferred. Conventional logging, however, does not qualify for carbon payments. Furthermore, we show that ignoring damages in the model leads to vast overestimations of LEV and large underestimations of optimal cutting cycles for all carbon prices, and to a different choice of logging practice for low and high carbon prices. Ignoring differences in variable costs between CL and RIL leads to small overestimations of LEV for low carbon prices and small underestimations of LEV for high carbon prices, with small to zero differences in optimal cutting cycles.


Background Social justice orientation (SJO) is the motivation to promote justice and equity among all in society. Researchers argue that students of Color with high SJO can resist structural racism in their schools/society and have positive academic outcomes. Purpose In the present study, a longitudinal model of cultural and environmental predictors (i.e., school relational climate, school language climate, Spanish language background, and English proficiency) and civic/educational outcomes (i.e., community engagement, grades, school engagement, school dropout) of SJO among Latina/o youths was developed and tested. Participants The study was conducted with a subsample of Latinas/os taken from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Participants were enrolled in eighth grade (N = 1,472), sampled from different schools and regions in the U.S., and followed through three waves of data collection from 8th through 12th grade. Research Design A longitudinal, correlational design was used to explore the association among the constructs studied. Data Collection and Analysis Secondary data analyses were conducted. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze the data. Results Early school relational climate (8th grade) was a positive predictor of SJO, which in turn predicted more community and school engagement, higher grades, and decreased likelihood of dropping out of school (12th grade) via personal agency. In addition, school language climate and language skills predicted a greater sense of personal agency, which in turn predicted higher grades and a decreased likelihood of dropping out. Conclusions The results of the present study underscore the importance of strengths-based and cultural approaches in education in a sample of Latina/o students. Specifically, close attention should be paid to school cultural climate variables in which positive relational climates and cultural language climates are addressed in schools. The integration of sociopolitical context, critical consciousness, and SJO may be key factors in improving the educational and counseling experiences of Latina/o youths.


Efficient drug delivery is dependent on the drug substance dissolving in the body fluids, being released from dosage forms and transported to the site of action. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the physicochemical properties of the active compound and pharmaceutical excipients defining formulation behavior after exposure to the aqueous environments and pharmaceutical performance is critical in pharmaceutical development, manufacturing and quality control of drugs. UV imaging has been explored as a tool for qualitative and quantitative characterization of drug dissolution and release with the characteristic feature of providing real-time visualization of the solution phase drug transport in the vicinity of the formulation. Events occurring during drug dissolution and release, such as polymer swelling, drug precipitation/recrystallization, or solvent-mediated phase transitions related to the structural properties of the drug substance or formulation can be monitored and characterized by other analytical techniques like Raman spectroscopy. UV imaging is non-intrusive and simple-to-operate, which holds potential for providing a mechanistic foundation for formulation development. This review aims to cover applications of UV imaging in the early and late phase pharmaceutical development with a special focus on the relation between structural properties and performance. Potential areas of future advancement and application are also discussed.


Until recently, the scholarly consensus held that the Philistines, whatever their origins were, assimilated into the local Levantine cultures in the early Iron Age II. Following Stone (1995), however, it is clear today that the while Philistine culture changed and the settlers ceased to use most of their unique, foreign traits in the Iron II, the Philistines still maintained their unique identity, and did not assimilate. In 2011 we drew attention to the fact that the decline in the use of these "unique" traits was not gradual, as one might expect from a slow proc-ess of culture change. Instead, the Philistines increased their usage of some of their most distinct traits during the first 150-200 years of their settlement, before abandoning many of their significant traits in the Iron Age II. We explained this "increased" usage of foreign traits (and to a more limited extent also its subsequent "decline") as part of the Philistines' interaction with their neighbors. Maeir et al. (2013) have recently attempted to refute our arguments and conclusions. While we are happy that the Philistines are again at the center of scholarly discussion, it is unfortunate that their article suffers from some major drawbacks, in terms of both theory and data. In light of the recent discussion, this article will revisit the processes that followed the Philistine settlement in Canaan, and especially the nature of their interaction with their neighbors.


The "question of the animal," as it has become known, is central—both strategically and in-itself—to contemporary philosophy and politics, and in my thesis, Zoogenesis: Thinking Encounter with Animals, I seek to further explore the ongoing deconstruction of the human-animal dichotomy. Therein I argue that, if we are to stall the genocidal machine by which various bodies are reproduced as "killable," the reinscription of other animals within the domains of philosophy, ethics, and politics remains essential. The interruption of this murderous logic is of the utmost importance, not only for other animals, but also for all those millions of "other" humans who find themselves excluded by the regulatory norms of gender, sexuality, race, and/or class.

Divided into five parts, and engaging with writers as diverse as Nietzsche, Derrida, Butler, Plato, Heidegger, Kafka, Blanchot, Ranciere, William S. Burroughs and Bernard Stiegler, I explore the notion of an originary technicity of being within ever broader levels of analysis. Beginning with the apocalyptic zoo-genesis of an "animal encounter" which exceeds every determinable form, I then consider "improper" tropes which function in the opposite direction to the genocidal theatrics of "animalisation," calling forth instead forbidden place-holding metonymies which hold open the space of invention itself. From there, I trace the implications of the "zoogenetic demand" through the various overlapping domains of ethics, responsibility, nationalism, community, and biotechnology. This demand, I argue, requires a necessarily exorbitant ethics of the unrecognisable other—of an excessive hospitality from which nonhuman animals cannot be excluded—and without which the privileging of the white Western heterosexual male is inevitably reinforced. In conclusion, I argue that it is excessive mutability which constitutes both the promised posthumanism of vigilant betrayal and at once the poisonous threat of a collapse into absolute nihilism—a pharmakon which must ever again be renegotiated.


The direction and intensity of volatility transmission between the money and stock markets are important for portfolio selection and diversification, optimal hedging strategy, financial market regulation, and risk management. The purpose of this paper therefore is to examine the nature of volatility transmission between money and stock markets in a developing economy using Nigeria data. The results of the bivariate BEKK-GARCH (1,1) model show strong evidence of ARCH and GARCH effects for both the money and stock markets returns. The results also suggest unidirectional shock transmission from the stock market to the money but not otherwise. Further, the results indicate evidence of a unidirectional volatility transmission from the stock market to the money market. The findings of this study have implications for portfolio selection and diversification as well as financial market regulation.


A phylogenetic study of the family Halomonadaceae was carried out based on complete 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences. Several 16S rRNA genes of type strains were resequenced, and 28 new sequences of the 23S rRNA gene were obtained. Currently, the family includes nine genera (Carnimonas, Chromohalobacter, Cobetia, Halomonas, Halotalea, Kushneria, Modicisalibacter, Salinicola and Zymobacter). These genera are phylogenetically coherent except Halomonas, which is polyphyletic. This genus comprises two clearly distinguished clusters: group 1 includes Halomonas elongata (the type species) and the species Halomonas eurihalina, H. caseinilytica, H. halmophila, H. sabkhae, H. almeriensis, H. halophila, H. salina, H. organivorans, H. koreensis, H. maura and H. nitroreducens. Group 2 comprises the species Halomonas aquamarina, H. meridiana, H. axialensis, H. magadiensis, H. hydrothermalis, H. alkaliphila, H. venusta, H. boliviensis, H. neptunia, H. variabilis, H. sulfidaeris, H. subterranea, H. janggokensis, H. gomseomensis, H. arcis and H. subglaciescola. Halomonas salaria forms a cluster with Chromohalobacter salarius and the recently described genus Salinicola, and their taxonomic affiliation requires further study. More than 20 Halomonas species are phylogenetically not within the core constituted by the Halomonas sensu stricto cluster (group 1) or group 2 and, since their positions on the different phylogenetic trees are not stable, they cannot be recognized as additional groups either. In general, there is excellent agreement between the phylogenies based on the two rRNA gene sequences, but the 23S rRNA gene showed higher resolution in the differentiation of species of the family Halomonadaceae.


Objective: Children's own ratings and opinions on their schools sound environments add important information on noise sources. They can also provide information on how to further improve and optimize children's learning situation in their classrooms. This study reports on the Swedish translation and application of an evidence-based questionnaire that measures how children perceive the acoustic environment of their school. Study Design: The Swedish version was made using a back-to-back translation. Responses on the questionnaire along with demographic data were collected for 149 children aged 9–13 years of age. Results: The Swedish translation of the questionnaire can be reduced from 93 to 27 items. The 27 items were distributed over five separate factors measuring different underlying constructs with high internal consistency and high inter-item correlations. The responses demonstrated that the dining hall/canteen and the corridors are the school spaces with the poorest listening conditions. The highest annoyance was reported for tests and reading; next, student-generated sounds occur more frequently within the classroom than any sudden unexpected sounds, and finally, road traffic noise and teachers in adjoining classrooms are the most frequently occurring sounds from outside the classroom. Several demographic characteristics could be used to predict the outcome on these factors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that crowded spaces are most challenging; the children themselves generate most of the noise inside the classroom, but it is also common to hear road traffic noise and teachers in adjoining classrooms. The extent of annoyance that noise causes depends on the task but seems most detrimental in tasks, wherein the demands of verbal processing are higher. Finally, children with special support seem to report that they are more susceptible to noise than the typical child.


Using molecular and cell-based models, researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have refined the picture of how a cancer-promoting protein associated with Ewing's sarcoma functions. And in the process, they have hit upon a possible strategy for treatment of the cancer, which is a rare and highly malignant cancer that most often strikes teens and young adults. In the June 1st, 2006 issue of the journal Cancer Research, published by the American Association for Cancer Research, the researchers report that the oncoprotein, EWS-FLI1, teams up with a helicase protein that bends the shape of RNA, and together they work to promote or repress transcription of various other proteins, leading to cancer development. But because it is not possible to directly shut down helicase proteins, given their vital general role in protein transcription, and given that no one has figured out how to clinically inactivate EWS-FLI1 alone, the researchers propose driving a wedge-like drug between the two proteins that would eliminate their interaction. "Proteins are three-dimensional structures, and the space between EWS-FLI1 and the helicase might be targetable by a small molecule that keeps the proteins apart," says the study's lead author Jeffery Toretsky, MD, associate professor in the Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics at the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center. "It could render EWS-FLI1 harmless while not affecting its partnering helicase protein." Toretsky adds that the findings may also help explain the workings of a number of difficult-to-treat sarcomas that are caused by the same sort of genetic rearrangements seen in Ewings sarcoma. "Understanding the molecules EWS-FLI1 interacts with may provide insights into similar diseases," he said. "Very little work has been done to study the functional partners of these translocation proteins, and this study may offer a new research approach." Ewing's sarcoma results in solid tumors in bone or soft tissue and is caused by a translocation between two chromosomes which fuses the EWS gene from chromosome 22 to the FLI1 gene of chromosome 11. This fusion produces the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein which is only found in tumors. This translocation is present in 95 percent of tumors, according to Toretsky, a recognized expert on Ewing's sarcoma. Chromosomal translocations are the cause of many sarcomas and leukemias, and the resulting fusion proteins represent targets for new therapies. The potential for a drug that would target the fusion proteins in tumor cells was first put forward by scientist Paul Ehrlich more than 100 years ago. In Ewing's sarcoma, the proteins that are created from chromosomal translocations are unique and only occur in the tumor cells. Therefore, fusion protein produced by translocation in Ewing's Sarcoma represents "an ideal target" for therapy, according to Aykut Üren, MD, PhD, assistant professor of oncology at Georgetown and a co-author on the paper. Previously published animal studies using "antisense" molecules have indeed shown that when the EWS-FLI1 is inactivated, Ewing's Sarcoma does not develop. But antisense, which modifies gene expression, is technologically inappropriate for human therapy, and to date, no one has been able to design a drug that would shut down EWS-FLI1 in humans. "The fusion protein is known to be oncogenic, but we suspected that it must work with other molecules, and these molecular interactions could offer us opportunities for treatment," Toretsky said. To find out if their hypothesis was true, the research team utilized a virus that displayed random, but identifiable, protein sequences and mixed the viruses with EWS-FLI1. "We wanted to see what viruses stuck to the EWS-FLI1 protein," Toretsky said. They found a certain peptide sequence attached to EWS-FLI1 in every experiment they conducted, and a search of the Human Genome database showed these sequences belonged to RNA helicase A (RHA), a common helicase not known to be oncogenic. They then conducted a number of rigorous studies to prove that EWS-FLI1 and RHA did indeed bind to each other in a complex. Furthermore, when EWS-FLI1was expressed along with RHA, the cells demonstrated increased hallmarks of cancer development. "The two proteins appear to work together in order for EWS-FLI1 to have maximal oncogenic potential," Toretsky said. "Since EWS-FLI1 needs RHA, our goal is to keep them apart." The study was funded by The Children's Cancer Foundation of Baltimore, Md. Co-authors include Jeffrey Parvin of Harvard Medical School, Sean Bong Lee of the National Institutes of Health, and Timothy Cripe of Children's Hospital of Cinncinati. About Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown University Hospital, seeks to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer through innovative basic and clinical research, patient care, community education and outreach, and the training of cancer specialists of the future. Lombardi is one of only 39 comprehensive cancer centers in the nation, as designated by the National Cancer Institute, and the only one in the Washington, DC, area. For more information, contact: Liz McDonald; Tel.: 202.687.5100; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; or visit: http://lombardi.georgetown.edu


Despite sustained viral control by antiretroviral therapy (ART), some HIV-infected patients do not recover normal CD4+ T cell counts. This Discordant Immune Response (DIR) increases the risk of opportunistic infections.

 To evaluate the factors associated with DIR in HIV-infected Omani patients attending public sector clinics.

 All HIV-infected patients receiving ART with regular follow-up visits were eligible for this study. The DIR group comprised patients on ART for at least two years with plasma HIV viral load < 50 copies/mL and helper CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/μl. The Concordant Immune Responses (CIR) group was similar to DIR but with CD4+ T cell counts above 350 cells/μl. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of demographic characteristics, clinical, immunological and virological parameters, type of ART regimens, tuberculosis and other opportunistic co-infections on DIR.

 Among 153 enrolled participants, 28 and 76 patients were identified as having DIR and CIR, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that the only factors independently associated with DIR after adjustment were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.23), baseline CD4+ T cell count (OR: 0.98; CI: 0.97-0.99) and baseline CD56+ cell count (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.96-0.99).

 Collectively, these findings suggest that a significant proportion of HIV-infected Omani patients develop DIR totaling 27%, and efforts should be made to improve early identification of these patients who tend to experience poor clinical outcomes.


Brannerite, UTi2O6 is the most important uranium mineral after uraninite, UO2 and coffinite, U(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x. It is also the most common refractory uranium mineral. Ores containing brannerite typically require intense conditions (>50 g/L H2SO4, >75°C) compared to other uranium ores for effective uranium extraction to occur. To develop an effective process for the extraction of uranium from brannerite containing ores and improve the extraction from the ores currently being processed, it is necessary to understand the chemistry of the brannerite leaching process.

As this study has shown, brannerite is typically an altered and amorphous mineral, with an extent of alteration depending on the age of the sample and the geological history of the deposit. A sample of brannerite from Cordoba, Spain, was leached over a range of conditions in acidic ferric sulphate media. The sample was filled with cracks and altered zones containing anatase (TiO2). Process parameters studied included temperature (25-96°C), acidity (10-200 g/L H2SO4) and the effect of adding selected gangue minerals (apatite, fluorite and ilmenite). The feed and the leached residues were characterised in detail by XRD and SEM-EDX techniques.

The results of this study showed that brannerite dissolution has a stronger dependence on temperature and lesser dependence on free acid concentration. Comparisons between the residues and the feed showed that the altered and amorphous areas of the brannerite sample are more readily leached than crystalline areas. The crystalline areas of the brannerite dissolved congruently, with titanium subsequently precipitating as anatase physically separated from the original brannerite grains.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to evaluate employee perceptions of pay practice in civil service executive agencies in the wake of changes in the established institutions of pay determination.

Design/methodology/approach – A survey design drawing original data from 1,057 civil servants, all members of the IPMS (now merged with EMA to form Prospectus), the union representing scientific, technical and professional occupations in the civil service.

Findings – The study distinguishes four distinctive pay practice systems. Pay satisfaction is found to be positively related to two principles: a clear effort-reward link and an understanding of pay criteria. However, employees are more satisfied with pay when their organisational pay system accords with traditional rather than newer practices. This suggests that embedded norms continue to exert a powerful influence over employee perceptions of pay.

Research limitations/implications – Whilst the respondent profile accurately reflects those working in the scientific, professional and technical grades (predominantly male, white, full-time workers), aspects of this profile do not accurately reflect the civil service as a whole.

Practical implications – Old habits "die hard". A sobering message for those practitioners who readily assume that forced change in pay systems will elicit "desired" employee responses.

Originality/value – Against a backdrop of fundamental changes in the character of pay determination in the civil service, this study presents employee perceptions of pay practices, shows how they combine in ways that reflect a distinct set of pay systems and reveals the impact associated with these systems on attitudes and behaviours.


The remarkable evolutionary capacity of cancer is a major challenge to current therapeutic efforts. Fueling this evolution is its vast clonal heterogeneity and ability to adapt to diverse selective pressures. Although the genetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying these responses have been independently evaluated, the ability to couple genetic alterations present within individual clones to their respective transcriptional or functional outputs has been lacking in the field. To this end, we developed a high-complexity expressed barcode library that integrates DNA barcoding with single-cell RNA sequencing through use of the CROP-seq sgRNA expression/capture system, and which is compatible with the COLBERT clonal isolation workflow for subsequent genomic and epigenomic characterization of specific clones of interest. We applied this approach to study chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a mature B cell malignancy notable for its genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity and variable disease course. Here, we demonstrate the clonal composition and gene expression states of HG3, a CLL cell line harboring the common alteration del(13q), in response to front-line cytotoxic therapy of fludarabine and mafosfamide (an analog of the clinically used cyclophosphamide). Analysis of clonal abundance and clonally-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that only a small fraction of clones consistently survived therapy. These rare highly drug tolerant clones comprise 94% of the post-treatment population and share a stable, pre-existing gene expression state characterized by upregulation of CXCR4 and WNT signaling and a number of DNA damage and cell survival genes. Taken together, these data demonstrate at unprecedented resolution the diverse clonal characteristics and therapeutic responses of a heterogeneous cancer cell population. Further, this approach provides a template for the high-resolution study of thousands of clones and the respective gene expression states underlying their response to therapy.


Particles emitted from gravel processing sites have severely worsened ambient air quality. This study analyzed the fugitive dust emission characteristics at selected pollution sources using several kinds of particle samplers, including TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and dry deposition plate. It is the first attempt to modify emission factors of AP-42 with a systematical study, utilizing domestic information under dimensionless analysis at the gravel processing sites. Results showed that TSP concentrations at the boundary of gravel sites ranged from 280 to 1,290μg/m 3 . Moreover, PM10 concentrations ranged from 135 to 550μg/m 3 which were 1.2 - 1.5 times PM2.5 concentrations, which ranged from 105 to 470 μg/m 3 . Emission of unpaved roads accounted for about 45 - 55% of the total emission at the gravel processing sites. The silt and moisture content of gravel/sand/dust affected the emission rate of each emission source and ranged from 0.1 to 8.3 % for silt and from 0.6 to 14 % for moisture. After statistical analysis using the least square method, the domestic emission factors of four main emission sources were developed. Furthermore, the size coefficient of emission factors for TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 emission rate estimation equation were also determined in this study.


Today's world is increasingly relying on computer networks. The increase in the use of network resources is followed by a rising volume of security problems. New threats and vulnerabilities are discovered everyday and affect users and companies at critical levels, from privacy issues to financial losses. Monitoring network activity is a mandatory step for researchers and security analysts to understand these threats and to build better protections. Honeypots were introduced to monitor unused IP spaces to learn about attackers. The advantage of honeypots over other monitoring solutions is to collect only suspicious activity. However, current honeypots are expensive to deploy and complex to administrate especially in the context of large organization networks. This study addresses the challenge of improving the scalability and flexibility of honeypots by introducing a novel hybrid honeypot architecture. This architecture is based on a Decision Engine and a Redirection Engine that automatically filter attacks and save resources by reducing the size of the attack data collection and allow researchers to actively specify the type of attack they want to collect. For a better integration into the organization network, this architecture was combined with network flows collected at the border of the production network.By offering an exhaustive view of all communications between internal and external hosts of the organization, network flows can 1) assist the configuration of honeypots, and 2) extend the scope of honeypot data analysis by providing a comprehensive profile of network activity to track attackers in the organization network. These capabilities were made possible through the development of a passive scanner and server discovery algorithm working on top of network flows. This algorithm and the hybrid honeypot architecture were deployed and evaluated.This study marks a major step toward leveraging honeypots into a powerful security solution. The contributions of this study will enable security analysts and network operators to make a precise assessment of the malicious activity targeting their network. Keyword: Honeypots, Network Security, Network Attack, Network Threat, Darknet